1. You have the right to remain silent
 2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.
 3. You have the right to an attorney
 4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you.

List the four warnings provided to citizens in Miranda

1. You have the right to remain silent 2. Anything you say can and will ________

Miranda

Miranda was convicted of a crime and it was decided that offenders must have rights read to them if they are going to be in custody or interrogation. Happened in Phoenix, AZ

Explain the details of the Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Supreme Court case:

Purpose of Miranda Warnings: 1. Avoid violating the suspects constitutional rights. 2. Encourage officers to follow Miranda rules. 3. Discourage police practices that compel confessions. 
 As a result of Miranda, when someone is placed in a custodial interrogation two things must happen prior to questioning:
1. The individual is advised of four rights, and the individual knowingly and intelligently waives those rights.

Explain the decision of the Supreme Court in the Miranda v. Arizona case:

1. Authorities- Police constitute authority, Other&#039;s acting in official government capacity.
 2. Custody - A formal arrest: when he/she is told he/she is under arrest by the officer OR functional equivalent: when his/her freedom is curtailed to a degree associated with a formal arrest 
 3. Questioning/ Interrogation

Explain the circumstances that must exist for Miranda to apply in police investigations:

Custody: A suspect is in custody when he/she is subject to either a formal arrest OR its functional equivalent.
 -Formal Arrest: When he/she is told he/she is under arrest by the officer.
 -Functional Equivalent: When his/her freedom is curtailed to a degree associated with a formal arrest.

Define the term &quot;custody&quot; as it relates to Miranda and describe when a suspect is considered under police custody

Interrogation: Includes any direct questioning by officers about a crime under investigation and more subtle forms of questioning that are the &quot;functional equivalent&quot; of direct questioning.
 &quot;Functional Equivalent&quot; is any speech or actions by an officer that he/she should have know were reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response (follow the &quot;reasonable officer standard&quot;)
 The Following actions by officers would likely be considered &quot;Interrogation&quot;
1. Officer&#039;s words/actions: Were the officer&#039;s words or actions reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response from the suspect.
2. Officer&#039;s Knowledge of the Suspect: Did the officer know and exploit a suspect&#039;s unusual weakness or fear?
3. Link Between the Question and Crime: Is there a direct link between the questioning and the crime under investigation?
4. Accusations: Accusing a suspect of committing a crime is almost always &quot;Interrogation&quot;.
NOTE: Subtle actions by the officer, statements to suspects, and conversations in the presence of suspects which were meant to elicit a particular response, may be deemed interrogation. However, spontaneous statements volunteered by the suspect are NOT considered the product of interrogation even if the suspect was in custody at the time.

Define the term &quot;interrogation&quot; as it relates to Miranda and describe in what circumstances speaking with a citizen could be considered an interrogation:

5th Amendment- Guarantees many rights for the people accused of crimes. Those most relevant to the Miranda case are:
 -Anyone in custody or its functional equivalent may refuse to answer questions that may incriminate him or her.
 -An accused person may not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. 
 Under the Exclusionary Rule, illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in court.
 -This normally applies to 4th amendment protections against illegal search and seizure.
 -It also applies to 5th Amendment protections against self-incrimination in a limited fashion.
 -If the statement is obtained illegally, it cannot be used in court.

Explain the Exclusionary Rule as it relates to Miranda and the 4th and 5th amendments to the U.S. Constitution:

After you give the warnings and before you question the suspect you must make sure that he/she knowingly and intelligently waives those rights.
 The suspect may waive his/her right: (a) to remain silent, and/or (b) to have a lawyer.
 However: The waiver must be voluntary:
(a) Expressed Waiver (a written waiver), or (b) Implied Waiver (not a written waiver).
 The suspect must clearly assert his/her right to have counsel present during a custodial interrogation. If the suspect makes an ambiguous request, one in which a reasonable observer would think might or might not be a request for counsel, the questioning does not have to stop. The request for an attorney or to remain silent must be unequivocal.
 3 Components of the Waiver: 1. Knowingly-Was the Defendant aware of his rights? 2. Voluntary- Was there police Coercion? 3. Intelligently- Does the Defendant understand the warnings? If the suspect invokes Miranda must wait (14 days) before approaching the suspect again. Suspect may re-intiate 2nd interview but must re-read Miranda. Mere silence NEVER constitutes a waiver.

Define a knowing, intelligent and voluntary waiver:

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like List the four warnings provided to citizens in Miranda, Explain the details of the Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Supreme Court case:, Explain the decision of the Supreme Court in the Miranda v. Arizona case: and more.

Miranda Flashcards

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