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Arras

Index Arras

Arras (Atrecht) is the capital (chef-lieu/préfecture) of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; prior to the reorganization of 2014 it was located in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. [1]

204 relations: A1 autoroute, A26 autoroute, Abbey of Saint-Vaast, Ablain-Saint-Nazaire, Adam de la Halle, Aisne, Alpine plant, Amsterdam, Ancient Rome, Andrieu Contredit d'Arras, Antoine de Févin, Archaeological site, Arras Cathedral, Arrondissement, Artois, Atrebates, Aubigny-en-Artois, Audefroi le Bastart, Battle of Arras, Battle of Arras (1914), Battle of Arras (1917), Battle of Arras (1940), Battle of France, Battle of Vimy Ridge, Beaufort-Blavincourt, Belfries of Belgium and France, Belfry (architecture), Belgae, Bell tower, Benoît Assou-Ekotto, Berles-Monchel, Biache-Saint-Vaast, Botanical garden, Boulogne-sur-Mer, British Empire, Bronze Age, Bruges, Brussels, Calais, Canadian National Vimy Memorial, Canton of Arras-1, Canton of Arras-2, Canton of Arras-3, Cardinal de Rohan, Carolingian dynasty, Carolus Clusius, Carrière Wellington, Cathedral, Catholic Church, Cerro Catedral, ..., Chalk, Chalk Group, Charles the Bold, Chemnitz, Chlodio, Christmas market, Citadel, Clay, Clovis I, Coldplay, Communauté urbaine d'Arras, Communes of France, Congress of Arras, County of Flanders, Dame Margot (trouvère), Dame Maroie, David Guetta, Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789, Departments of France, Deva, Romania, Diocese, Douai, Duke of Burgundy, English Channel, Escarpment, Estates of the realm, Eugène François Vidocq, European route E15, Félix-Alexandre Desruelles, Flavius Aetius, Foederati, Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Site, Franks, French Resistance, French Revolution, Gabriel Hanot, Gaidifer d'Avion, Gare d'Arras, Gaul, Gauls, Gothic architecture, Great Britain, Guards Armoured Division, Guillaume le Vinier, Hamblain-les-Prés, Hans-Jürgen von Arnim, Hauts-de-France, Herten, House of Habsburg, Human settlement, Hundred Days Offensive, Hundred Years' War, Imagine Dragons, Ipswich, Iron Age, Jaques le Vinier, Jardin botanique Floralpina, Jean Bodel, Jean-Christophe Novelli, Jehan Bretel, Jehan Erart, Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras, Joan of Arc, Joseph Le Bon, Köppen climate classification, Late Cretaceous, Levallois technique, LGV Nord, Lille, Louis XI of France, Low Countries, Lucien Gaudin, Mahieu de Gant, Main Square Festival, Manichaeism, Marcel Gaumont, Matthias of Arras, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilien Robespierre, Météo-France, Metres above sea level, Middle school, Minor basilica, Moniot d'Arras, Mortagne-du-Nord, Mousterian, Musée des beaux-arts d'Arras, Necropolis, Nemeton, New Zealand Tunnelling Company, Nord (French department), Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Normandy, North Atlantic Current, Notre Dame de Lorette, Oceanic climate, Oise, Order of Saint Benedict, Ottonian dynasty, Oudenaarde, Paleolithic, Pas-de-Calais, Patois, Patron saint, Philip II of Spain, Philippe Hermann, Philippe Rogier, Prefecture, Prefectures in France, Prix des Deux Magots, Puy d'Arras, Regions of France, Reign of Terror, Reims, Robert de Castel, Robert de la Piere, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai, Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, Saint-Omer, Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise, Salian Franks, Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, Scarpe (river), Scheldt, Second Battle of the Somme (1918), Sister city, Somme (department), Spanish Netherlands, St. Jude storm, Stone Age, Stone tool, Stuff.co.nz, Tapestry, TGV, The Black Eyed Peas, The Chemical Brothers, The New York Times, Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines, Treaty of Arras (1482), Trouvère, Uhlan, UNESCO, Union of Arras, Union of Utrecht, Vedast, Vikings, Violette Leduc, Winter of 2009–10 in Europe, Wool, World Heritage site, World War I, Ypres, 2003 European heat wave. Expand index (154 more) »

A1 autoroute

The A1 Autoroute, also known as l'autoroute du Nord (the Northern Motorway), is the busiest of France's autoroutes.

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A26 autoroute

The A26 is a long French motorway connecting Calais and Troyes.

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Abbey of Saint-Vaast

The Abbey of Saint-Vaast was a Benedictine monastery situated in Arras, département of Pas-de-Calais, France.

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Ablain-Saint-Nazaire

Ablain-Saint-Nazaire is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

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Adam de la Halle

Adam de la Halle, also known as Adam le Bossu (Adam the Hunchback) (1245–50 – 1285–88?, or after 1306) was a French-born trouvère, poet and musician.

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Aisne

Aisne is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

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Alpine plant

Alpine plants are plants that grow in an alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and above the tree line.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Andrieu Contredit d'Arras

Andrieu Contredit d'Arras (c.1200–1248) was a trouvère from Arras and active in the Puy d'Arras.

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Antoine de Févin

Antoine de Févin (ca. 1470 – late 1511 or early 1512) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance.

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Archaeological site

An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.

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Arras Cathedral

Arras Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Vaast d'Arras) is the Roman Catholic church in the city of Arras, France.

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Arrondissement

An arrondissement is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, certain other Francophone countries, and the Netherlands.

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Artois

Artois (adjective Artesian; Artesië) is a region of northern France.

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Atrebates

The Atrebates (singular Atrebas) were a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain before the Roman conquests.

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Aubigny-en-Artois

Aubigny-en-Artois is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

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Audefroi le Bastart

Audefroi le Bastart (modern French Bâtard) was a French trouvère from Artois, who flourished in the early thirteenth century.

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Battle of Arras

The name Battle of Arras refers to a number of battles which took place near the town of Arras in Artois, France.

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Battle of Arras (1914)

The Battle of Arras (also known as the First Battle of Arras, was an attempt by the French Army to outflank the German Army, which was attempting to do the same thing during the "Race to the Sea", the reciprocal attempts by both sides, to exploit conditions created during the First Battle of the Aisne.

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Battle of Arras (1917)

The Battle of Arras (also known as the Second Battle of Arras) was a British offensive on the Western Front during World War I. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the Western Front.

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Battle of Arras (1940)

The Battle of Arras, part of the Battle of France, took place during the Second World War on 21 May 1940.

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Battle of France

The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War.

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Battle of Vimy Ridge

The Battle of Vimy Ridge was part of the Battle of Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, during the First World War.

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Beaufort-Blavincourt

Beaufort-Blavincourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

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Belfries of Belgium and France

The Belfries of Belgium and France are a group of 56 historical buildings designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Site, in recognition of an architectural manifestation of emerging civic independence from feudal and religious influences in historic Flanders and neighboring regions of the Duchy of Burgundy.

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Belfry (architecture)

The belfry is a structure enclosing bells for ringing as part of a building, usually as part of a bell tower or steeple.

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Belgae

The Belgae were a large Gallic-Germanic confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC.

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Bell tower

A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none.

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Benoît Assou-Ekotto

Benoît Pierre David Assou-Ekotto (born 24 March 1984) is a professional footballer who plays as a left back for Ligue 1 club Metz.

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Berles-Monchel

Berles-Monchel is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

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Biache-Saint-Vaast

Biache-Saint-Vaast is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

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Botanical garden

A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms botanic and botanical and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens.

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Boulogne-sur-Mer

Boulogne-sur-Mer, often called Boulogne (Latin: Gesoriacum or Bononia, Boulonne-su-Mér, Bonen), is a coastal city in Northern France.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

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Bruges

Bruges (Brugge; Bruges; Brügge) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Calais

Calais (Calés; Kales) is a city and major ferry port in northern France in the department of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture.

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Canadian National Vimy Memorial

The Canadian National Vimy Memorial is a war memorial site in France dedicated to the memory of Canadian Expeditionary Force members killed during the First World War.

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Canton of Arras-1

The canton of Arras-1 is an administrative division of the Pas-de-Calais department, in northern France.

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Canton of Arras-2

The canton of Arras-2 is an administrative division of the Pas-de-Calais department, in northern France.

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Canton of Arras-3

The canton of Arras-3 is an administrative division of the Pas-de-Calais department, in northern France.

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Cardinal de Rohan

Louis René Édouard de Rohan known as Cardinal de Rohan (25 September 1734 – 16 February 1803), prince de Rohan-Guéméné, was a French bishop of Strasbourg, politician, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, and cadet of the Rohan family (which traced its origin to the kings of Brittany).

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Carolingian dynasty

The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family founded by Charles Martel with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.

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Carolus Clusius

Charles de l'Écluse, L'Escluse, or Carolus Clusius (Arras, February 19, 1526 – Leiden, April 4, 1609), seigneur de Watènes, was an Artois doctor and pioneering botanist, perhaps the most influential of all 16th-century scientific horticulturists.

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Carrière Wellington

The Carrière Wellington is a museum in Arras, northern France.

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Cathedral

A cathedral is a Christian church which contains the seat of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Cerro Catedral

Cerro Catedral is a mountain located from San Carlos de Bariloche, and inside the Nahuel Huapí National Park, Patagonia, Argentina.

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Chalk

Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite.

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Chalk Group

The Chalk Group (often just called the Chalk) is the lithostratigraphic unit (a certain number of rock strata) which contains the late Cretaceous limestone succession in southern and eastern England.

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Charles the Bold

Charles the Bold (also translated as Charles the Reckless).

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Chemnitz

Chemnitz, known from 1953 to 1990 as Karl-Marx-Stadt, is the third-largest city in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.

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Chlodio

Chlodio (d. approx. 450) also Clodio, Clodius, Clodion, Cloio or Chlogio, was a king of the Franks who attacked and apparently then held Roman-inhabited lands and cities in the Silva Carbonaria and as far south as the river Somme, apparently starting from a Frankish base which was also technically within the Roman empire.

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Christmas market

A Christmas market, also known as Christkindlmarkt (literally: Baby Jesus Market), Christkindlesmarkt, Christkindlmarket, Christkindlimarkt, and Weihnachtsmarkt, is a street market associated with the celebration of Christmas during the four weeks of Advent.

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Citadel

A citadel is the core fortified area of a town or city.

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Clay

Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.

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Clovis I

Clovis (Chlodovechus; reconstructed Frankish: *Hlōdowig; 466 – 27 November 511) was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs.

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Coldplay

Coldplay are a British rock band formed in 1996 by lead singer and pianist Chris Martin and lead guitarist Jonny Buckland at University College London (UCL).

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Communauté urbaine d'Arras

The Communauté urbaine d'Arras is the communauté urbaine, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Arras.

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Communes of France

The commune is a level of administrative division in the French Republic.

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Congress of Arras

The Congress of Arras was a diplomatic congregation established in Arras in the summer of 1435 between representatives of England, France, and Burgundy.

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County of Flanders

The County of Flanders (Graafschap Vlaanderen, Comté de Flandre) was a historic territory in the Low Countries.

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Dame Margot (trouvère)

Dame Margot (fl. 13th century) was a trouvère from Arras, in Picardy, France.

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Dame Maroie

Dame Maroie or Maroie de Dregnau de Lille (fl. 13th century) was a trouvère from Arras, in Artois, France.

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David Guetta

Pierre David Guetta (born 7 November 1967) is a French DJ, songwriter, record producer and remixer who has sold over nine million albums and thirty million singles worldwide.

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Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789

The Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789 (Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution.

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Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.

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Deva, Romania

Deva (Hungarian: Déva, Hungarian pronunciation:; German: Diemrich, Schlossberg, Denburg; Latin: Sargetia; Turkish: Deve, Devevar) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, on the left bank of the Mureș River.

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Diocese

The word diocese is derived from the Greek term διοίκησις meaning "administration".

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Douai

Douai (Dowaai; historically "Doway" in English) is a commune in the Nord département in northern France.

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Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy (duc de Bourgogne) was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of West Franks.

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English Channel

The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Escarpment

An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as an effect of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively leveled areas having differing elevations.

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Estates of the realm

The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the medieval period to early modern Europe.

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Eugène François Vidocq

Eugène François Vidocq (July 24, 1775 – May 11, 1857) was a French criminal and criminalist whose life story inspired several writers, including Victor Hugo, Edgar Allan Poe, and Honoré de Balzac.

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European route E15

The European route E 15 is part of the United Nations international E-road network.

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Félix-Alexandre Desruelles

Félix-Alexandre Desruelles (1865–1943) was a French sculptor who was born in Valenciennes in 1865.

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Flavius Aetius

Flavius Aetius (Flavius Aetius; 391–454), dux et patricius, commonly called simply Aetius or Aëtius, was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire.

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Foederati

Foederatus (in English; pl. foederati) was any one of several outlying nations to which ancient Rome provided benefits in exchange for military assistance.

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Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Site is made up of 12 groups of fortified buildings and sites along the borders of France.

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Franks

The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum) were a collection of Germanic peoples, whose name was first mentioned in 3rd century Roman sources, associated with tribes on the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, on the edge of the Roman Empire.

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French Resistance

The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

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Gabriel Hanot

Gabriel Hanot (6 November 1889 – 10 August 1968) was a French association football player and journalist (the editor of L'Équipe).

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Gaidifer d'Avion

Gaidifer (Gadifer) d'Avion (fl. 1230–50) was an Artesian trouvère from Avion.

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Gare d'Arras

Arras is a railway station serving the town Arras, Pas-de-Calais department, northern France.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Gauls

The Gauls were Celtic people inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD).

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Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.

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Great Britain

Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

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Guards Armoured Division

The Guards Armoured Division was an armoured division of the British Army during the Second World War.

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Guillaume le Vinier

Guillaume le Vinier (c. 1190–1245) was a cleric and trouvère, one of the most prolific composers in the genre.

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Hamblain-les-Prés

Hamblain-les-Prés is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Hans-Jürgen von Arnim

Hans-Jürgen von Arnim (4 April 1889 – 1 September 1962) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded several armies.

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Hauts-de-France

Hauts-de-France (translates to "Upper France" in English; Heuts-d'Franche) is a region of France created by the territorial reform of French Regions in 2014, from a merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy.

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Herten

Herten is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.

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Human settlement

In geography, statistics and archaeology, a settlement, locality or populated place is a community in which people live.

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Hundred Days Offensive

The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens.

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Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.

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Imagine Dragons

Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman.

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Ipswich

Ipswich is the county town of Suffolk, England, located on the estuary of the River Orwell, about north east of London.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.

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Jaques le Vinier

Jaques le Vinier (fl. 1240–60) was a trouvère probably from the region around Arras and associated with the trouvères of that city.

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Jardin botanique Floralpina

The Jardin botanique Floralpina is a private botanical garden specializing in alpine plants.

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Jean Bodel

Jean Bodel (c. 1165 – c. 1210), was an Old French poet who wrote a number of chansons de geste as well as many fabliaux.

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Jean-Christophe Novelli

Jean-Christophe Novelli (born 22 February 1961) is a French celebrity chef.

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Jehan Bretel

Jehan Bretel (c.1210–1272) was a trouvère.

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Jehan Erart

Jehan Erart (or Erars) (c.1200/10–1258/9) was a trouvère from Arras, particularly noted for his favouring the pastourelle genre.

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Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras

Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras (fl. c. 1240–70) was a trouvère associated with the so-called "school of Arras".

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Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc; 6 January c. 1412Modern biographical summaries often assert a birthdate of 6 January for Joan, which is based on a letter from Lord Perceval de Boulainvilliers on 21 July 1429 (see Pernoud's Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses, p. 98: "Boulainvilliers tells of her birth in Domrémy, and it is he who gives us an exact date, which may be the true one, saying that she was born on the night of Epiphany, 6 January"). – 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (La Pucelle d'Orléans), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint.

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Joseph Le Bon

Joseph Le Bon (29 September 1765 – 10 October 1795) was a French politician.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Late Cretaceous

The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous period is divided in the geologic timescale.

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Levallois technique

The Levallois technique is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of stone knapping developed by precursors to modern humans during the Palaeolithic period.

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LGV Nord

The LGV Nord (Ligne à Grande Vitesse) is a French -long high-speed rail line, opened in 1993, that connects Paris to the Belgian border and the Channel Tunnel via Lille.

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Lille

Lille (Rijsel; Rysel) is a city at the northern tip of France, in French Flanders.

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Louis XI of France

Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (le Prudent), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1461 to 1483.

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Low Countries

The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.

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Lucien Gaudin

Lucien Alphonse Paul Gaudin (27 September 1886 – 23 September 1934) was a French fencer.

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Mahieu de Gant

Mahieu de Gant (fl. mid–late 13th century) was a Flemish trouvère from Ghent associated with the so-called "school of Arras".

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Main Square Festival

The Main Square Festival is an annual international music festival organized by Live Nation which takes place in the first week-end of July in Arras, France.

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Manichaeism

Manichaeism (in Modern Persian آیین مانی Āyin-e Māni) was a major religious movement that was founded by the Iranian prophet Mani (in مانی, Syriac: ܡܐܢܝ, Latin: Manichaeus or Manes from Μάνης; 216–276) in the Sasanian Empire.

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Marcel Gaumont

Marcel Gaumont was a French sculptor born on 27 January 1880 in Tours.

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Matthias of Arras

Matthias of Arras (c.1290–1352), sometimes spelled as Matthew of Arras (Matyáš z Arrasu, Matthias von Arras, Mathieu d'Arras) was a French architect, famed for his work on St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague.

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Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never crowned by the Pope, as the journey to Rome was always too risky.

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Maximilien Robespierre

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and politician, as well as one of the best known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

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Météo-France

Météo-France is the French national meteorological service.

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Metres above sea level

Metres above mean sea level (MAMSL) or simply metres above sea level (MASL or m a.s.l.) is a standard metric measurement in metres of the elevation or altitude of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level.

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Middle school

A middle school (also known as intermediate school or junior high school) is an educational stage which exists in some countries, providing education between primary school and secondary school.

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Minor basilica

Minor basilica (Basilica minor, Basilicæ minores in plural) is a title given to some Roman Catholic church buildings.

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Moniot d'Arras

Moniot d'Arras (fl. ca. 1225) was a French composer and poet of the trouvère tradition.

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Mortagne-du-Nord

Mortagne-du-Nord is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Mousterian

The Mousterian (or Mode III) is a techno-complex (archaeological industry) of flint lithic tools associated primarily with Neanderthals, as well as with the earliest anatomically modern humans in Eurasia.

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Musée des beaux-arts d'Arras

The Musée des beaux-arts d'Arras is located in the old Abbey of St. Vaast in Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France.

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Necropolis

A necropolis (pl. necropoleis) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments.

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Nemeton

A nemeton was a sacred space of ancient Celtic religion.

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New Zealand Tunnelling Company

The New Zealand Tunnelling Company (also New Zealand Engineers Tunnelling Company) was a tunnel warfare unit of the Royal New Zealand Electrical and Mechanical Engineers during World War I which specialised in sapping and mining.

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Nord (French department)

Nord (North; Noorderdepartement) is a department in the far north of France.

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Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Nord-Pas-de-Calais (is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Hauts-de-France. It consisted of the departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais. Nord-Pas-de-Calais borders the English Channel (west), the North Sea (northwest), Belgium (north and east) and Picardy (south). The majority of the region was once part of the historical (Southern) Netherlands, but gradually became part of France between 1477 and 1678, particularly during the reign of king Louis XIV. The historical French provinces that preceded Nord-Pas-de-Calais are Artois, French Flanders, French Hainaut and (partially) Picardy. These provincial designations are still frequently used by the inhabitants. With its 330.8 people per km2 on just over 12,414 km2, it is a densely populated region, having some 4.1 million inhabitants, 7% of France's total population, making it the fourth most populous region in the country, 83% of whom live in urban communities. Its administrative centre and largest city is Lille. The second largest city is Calais, which serves as a major continental economic/transportation hub with Dover of Great Britain away; this makes Nord-Pas-de-Calais the closest continental European connection to the Great Britain. Other major towns include Valenciennes, Lens, Douai, Béthune, Dunkirk, Maubeuge, Boulogne, Arras, Cambrai and Saint-Omer. Numerous films, like Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis.

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Normandy

Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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North Atlantic Current

The North Atlantic Current (NAC), also known as North Atlantic Drift and North Atlantic Sea Movement, is a powerful warm western boundary current that extends the Gulf Stream north-eastward.

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Notre Dame de Lorette

Notre Dame de Lorette, also known as Ablain St.-Nazaire French Military Cemetery, is the world's largest French military cemetery.

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Oceanic climate

An oceanic or highland climate, also known as a marine or maritime climate, is the Köppen classification of climate typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, and generally features cool summers (relative to their latitude) and cool winters, with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature, with the exception for transitional areas to continental, subarctic and highland climates.

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Oise

Oise is a department in the north of France.

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Order of Saint Benedict

The Order of Saint Benedict (OSB; Latin: Ordo Sancti Benedicti), also known as the Black Monksin reference to the colour of its members' habitsis a Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of Saint Benedict.

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Ottonian dynasty

The Ottonian dynasty (Ottonen) was a Saxon dynasty of German monarchs (919–1024), named after three of its kings and Holy Roman Emperors named Otto, especially its first Emperor Otto I. It is also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin in the German stem duchy of Saxony.

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Oudenaarde

Oudenaarde (French Audenarde, English sometimes Oudenarde) is a Belgian municipality in the Flemish province of East Flanders.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.

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Pas-de-Calais

Pas-de-Calais is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders ('pas' meaning passage).

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Patois

Patois (pl. same or) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics.

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Patron saint

A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or particular branches of Islam, is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family or person.

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Philip II of Spain

Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).

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Philippe Hermann

Philippe Hermann (1962, Arras) is a 20th–21st-century French writer, winner in 2000 of the Prix des Deux Magots and the Cino Del Duca scholarship with his novel.

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Philippe Rogier

Philippe Rogier (c. 1561 – 29 February 1596) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance, active at the Habsburg court of Philip II in Spain.

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Prefecture

A prefecture (from the Latin Praefectura) is an administrative jurisdiction or subdivision in any of various countries and within some international church structures, and in antiquity a Roman district governed by an appointed prefect.

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Prefectures in France

A prefecture (préfecture) in France may refer to.

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Prix des Deux Magots

The Prix des Deux Magots is a major French literary prize.

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Puy d'Arras

The Puy d'Arras, called in its own day the Puy Notre-Dame, was a medieval poetical society formed in Arras for holding contests between trouvères and pour maintenir amour et joie (for maintaining love and joy, i.e. the courtly love lyric).

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Regions of France

France is divided into 18 administrative regions (région), including 13 metropolitan regions and 5 overseas regions.

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Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (la Terreur), is the label given by some historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established.

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Reims

Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.

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Robert de Castel

Robert de Castel (d'Arras) (fl. 1272) was a trouvère active in and around Arras in the late thirteenth century.

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Robert de la Piere

Robert de la Piere (died 1258) was a trouvère of the so-called "school" of Arras.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai (Archdiocesis Cameracensis; French: Archidiocèse de Cambrai) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France, comprising the arrondissements of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, Cambrai, Douai, and Valenciennes within the département of Nord, in the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras (–Boulogne–Saint-Omer) (Latin: Dioecesis Atrebatensis (–Bononiena–Audomarensis); French: Diocèse d'Arras (–Boulogne–Saint-Omer)) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

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Saint-Amand-les-Eaux

Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (Flemish: Sint-Amands-aan-de-Skarpe) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France on the Scarpe river.

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Saint-Omer

Saint-Omer (Sint-Omaars) is a commune in France.

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Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

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Salian Franks

The Salian Franks, also called the Salians (Latin: Salii; Greek: Σάλιοι Salioi), were a northwestern subgroup of the earliest Franks who first appear in the historical records in the third century.

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Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban

Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban (1 May 163330 March 1707), commonly referred to as Vauban, was a French military engineer who rose in the service to the king and was commissioned as a Marshal of France.

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Scarpe (river)

The Scarpe is a river in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Scheldt

The Scheldt (l'Escaut, Escô, Schelde) is a long river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands.

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Second Battle of the Somme (1918)

The Second Battle of the Somme of 1918 was fought during the First World War on the Western Front from late August to early September, in the basin of the River Somme.

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Sister city

Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.

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Somme (department)

Somme is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river.

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Spanish Netherlands

Spanish Netherlands (Países Bajos Españoles; Spaanse Nederlanden; Pays-Bas espagnols, Spanische Niederlande) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, held in personal union by the Spanish Crown (also called Habsburg Spain) from 1556 to 1714.

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St. Jude storm

The St.

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Stone Age

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

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Stone tool

A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone.

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Stuff.co.nz

Stuff.co.nz is a New Zealand news website published by Fairfax Digital, a division of Fairfax New Zealand Ltd, a subsidiary of Australian company Fairfax Media Ltd.

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Tapestry

Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven on a vertical loom.

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TGV

The TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse, "high-speed train") is France's intercity high-speed rail service, operated by the SNCF, the state-owned national rail operator.

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The Black Eyed Peas

The Black Eyed Peas (originally simply Black Eyed Peas) are an American musical group, consisting of rappers will.i.am, apl.de.ap, and Taboo, and formerly Fergie.

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The Chemical Brothers

The Chemical Brothers are an English electronic music duo composed of Tom Rowlands and Ed Simons, originating in Manchester in 1989.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines

Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Treaty of Arras (1482)

The Treaty of Arras was signed at Arras on 23 December 1482 by King Louis XI of France and Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg as heir of the Burgundian Netherlands in the course of the Burgundian succession crisis.

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Trouvère

Trouvère, sometimes spelled trouveur, is the Northern French (langue d'oïl) form of the langue d'oc (Occitan) word trobador.

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Uhlan

Uhlans (Polish: Ułan; German: Ulan) were Polish light cavalry armed with lances, sabres and pistols.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Union of Arras

The Union of Arras (Dutch: Unie van Atrecht, Spanish: Unión de Arrás) was an accord signed on 6 January 1579 in Arras, under which the southern states of the Netherlands, today in the Wallonia region of Belgium and the Nord-Pas-de-Calais (and Picardy) régions in France, expressed their loyalty to the Spanish king Philip II and recognized his Governor-General, Don Juan of Austria.

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Union of Utrecht

The Union of Utrecht (Unie van Utrecht) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain.

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Vedast

Vedast or Vedastus, also known as Saint Vaast (in Flemish, Norman and Picard) or Saint Waast (also in Picard and Walloon), Saint Gaston in French,and Foster in English.

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Vikings

Vikings (Old English: wicing—"pirate", Danish and vikinger; Swedish and vikingar; víkingar, from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.

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Violette Leduc

Violette Leduc (7 April 1907 – 28 May 1972) was a French author.

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Winter of 2009–10 in Europe

The winter of 2009–2010 in Europe was unusually cold.

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Wool

Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Ypres

Ypres (Ieper) is a Belgian municipality in the province of West Flanders.

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2003 European heat wave

The 2003 European heat wave led to the hottest summer on record in Europe since at least 1540.

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Redirects here:

Arras, France, Atrecht, Councils of Arras, Nemetocenna.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arras

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