Charlotte of Belgium (Marie Charlotte Am�lie Augustine Victoire Cl�mentine L�opoldine)( 7 June 1840 � 19 January 1927), known by the Spanish version of her name, Carlota, was by birth a Princess of Belgium and member of the House of Wettin in the branch of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as such she was also styled Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess in Saxony). Marie Charlotte Am�lie Augustine Victoire Cl�mentine L�opoldine of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, better known under the name Charlotte, was the daughter of King King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise of Orl�ans. Her first name pays homage to the late Princess Charlotte of Wales, her father's first wife. She was the fourth and last child and the only daughter of the Belgian royal couple, after Louis-Philippe (who died less than one year old in 1834), Leopold (born in 1835) and Philippe (born in 1837). In her youth, Charlotte resembled her mother, and was noted as being a beauty possessing delicate features. This, combined with her status as the only daughter of the King of the Belgians, made her a desirable match. In 1856, as she was preparing to celebrate her sixteenth birthday, two suitors sought her hand: Prince George of Saxony (who was quickly rejected) and King Pedro V of Portugal.  By personal choice, and under the influence of Madame d'Hulst (who affirmed that at the Portuguese court no priest would understand her), Charlotte declined the offer of marriage with King Pedro V. In the month of May 1856, Charlotte met in Brussels with Archduke Maximilian of Austria, younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I. She was immediately charmed by this prince who was eight years her senior. Reportedly she stated: "it will be him that I will marry". Her father left Charlotte the choice of her future husband. The official engagement was celebrated on 23 December 1856.The marriage ceremony was celebrated on 27 July 1857 at the Royal Palace of Brussels. In the Court of Vienna she was welcomed by her mother-in-law, Archduchess Sophie, who saw in her the perfect example of a wife for an Austrian Archduke. This contributed to the strained relationship between Charlotte and Empress Elisabeth of Austria, wife of Franz Joseph I, whom Sophie treated rather cruelly. It is said that Charlotte disliked the deep connection that existed between Elisabeth and Maximilian, who were confidantes and shared the same tastes for many things, especially because her sister-in-law was universally admired for her beauty and charms. In December 1859 Charlotte and Maximilian embarked on a voyage aboard the yacht Fantasia, which took them to Madeira in December 1859, on the spot where Princess Maria Am�lia of Brazil, once engaged to Maximilian, had died six years previously. In this place, the Archduke experienced intense regret and melancholic thoughts. On 10 April 1864, in a state apartment of Miramare Castle, Maximilian and Charlotte were informally proclaimed as Emperor and Empress of Mexico. Without a child from his marriage, Maximilian (to Charlotte's disapproval) decided in September 1865 to adopt Agust�n de Iturbide y Green and Salvador de Iturbide y de Marz�n�grandsons of Agust�n I de Iturbide, an earlier Emperor of Mexico (r. 1822�23), thus founding the House of Habsburg-Iturbide. But their role as emperor and empress of Mexico unfortunately went wrong. On 8 August 1866, Empress Charlotte arrived in Europe with her two adoptive sons. She travelled through Europe to gain support for Maximilian (and their Mexican cause), without succes. Her mental state got worse and worse. On 19 June 1867 the news of the capture of Maximilian by Mexican Republican forces and his execution at Santiago de Quer�taro became known. Eventually Charlotte returned to Belgium and she resided permanently at Bouchout Castle in Meise. Charlotte disappeared completely from the public sphere, protected by the high gates of her domain and the guards which protected them. To distract herself, she went on walks, embroidered, played cards and listened to her gramophone. She was not informed of the death of her close relatives (King Leopold II in 1909 and her sister-in-law, the Countess of Flanders, wife of her brother Philippe, in 1912), nor that of her servants because she never asked questions about their absence. Charlotte died peacefully at Bouchout Castle on 19 January 1927, at the age of 86, after developing pneumonia brought on by influenza.


Charlotte of Bourbon (1388 � 15 January 1422) was the queen consort of Cyprus and titular queen consort of Armenia and Jerusalem through her marriage to King Janus. She was his second wife and the mother of his six legitimate children, which included King John II and Anne de Lusignan. It was Charlotte's influence which was instrumental in the revival of French culture at the royal court in Nicosia

Charlotte (28 June 1444 � 16 July 1487) was the queen of Cyprus from 1458 until 1464. She was the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina. At the age of 14, she succeeded to the Cypriot throne upon the death of her father. Her illegitimate half-brother, James, challenged her right to the crown. With the support of the Egyptians, he forced her to flee the island in 1463, and he was later crowned king. She made a military attempt to regain her throne, but was unsuccessful, and died childless in Rome.


Charlotte of Savoy (c. 1441/3 � 1 December 1483) was queen of France as the second spouse of Louis XI. She served as regent during the king's absence in 1465, and was a member of the royal regency council during her son's minority in 1483.

Charlotte of Naples (c. 1479/80 � 1506), also known as Charlotte of Aragon and Princess of Taranto, was the eldest daughter and eventual heiress of King Frederick of Naples. Although her father was dispossessed of his kingdom, her descendants, the House of La Tr�mo�lle maintained their dynastic claim in exile. Daughter of the Neapolitan king's first marriage to Anne of Savoy, a granddaughter of Charles VII of France, Charlotte was married to Guy XVI, Count of Laval, head of one of Brittany's most powerful noble families. They had 3 children.


Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (German: Marie Charlotte Amalie Ernestine Wilhelmine Philippine, Prinzessin von Sachsen-Meiningen) (11 September 1751e � 25 April 1827) was a member of the House of Saxe-Meiningen and a Princess of Saxe-Meiningen by birth and a member of the House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Duchess consort of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg through her marriage to Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Charlotte and Ernest had four children.


Princess Charlotte of Prussia (21 June 1831 � 30 March 1855), was by birth a Princess of Prussia and member of the House of Hohenzollern and by marriage Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen.She was the eldest child and daughter of Prince Albert of Prussia (younger son of Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz) and his first wife Princess Marianne of the Netherlands (daughter of Willem I of the Netherlands and Wilhelmine of Prussia). As a young woman, Charlotte was highly eligible, due to her Dutch fortune and Hohenzollern connections. In Charlottenburg on 18 May 1850, the nineteen-year-old princess married Georg, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen who was twenty-four years old.The only son of Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Princess Marie of Hesse-Kassel The two shared many interests, particularly with the theatre, as they were both ardent attendees; during their engagement, they had even acted in amateur court theatricals together. They had four children.


Princess Charlotte of Prussia (Viktoria Elizabeth Auguste Charlotte)(24 July 1860 � 1 October 1919) was Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen as the wife of Bernhard III, the duchy's last ruler. Born at the Neues Palais in Potsdam, she was the second child and eldest daughter of Prince Frederick of Prussia, a member of the House of Hohenzollern who became Crown Prince of Prussia in 1861 and German Emperor in 1888. Through her mother Victoria, Princess Royal, Charlotte was the eldest granddaughter of the British monarch Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Princess Charlotte was a difficult child and indifferent student, with a nervous disposition. Her relationship with her demanding mother was strained. As she grew older, Charlotte developed a penchant for spreading gossip and causing trouble. Eager to escape from parental control, at age seventeen, she married Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen in 1878. Her husband's weak-willed personality had little effect on her. Two years into their marriage, Charlotte gave birth to a daughter, Princess Feodora, on 12 May 1879. The new princess was the first grandchild of the Crown Prince and Princess, as well as the first great-grandchild of Queen Victoria The majority of historians hold that Charlotte and Feodora were afflicted with porphyria, a genetic disease that is believed to have affected some members of the British Royal Family, most notably King George III. In the 1990s, a team led by R�hl exhumed Charlotte's and Feodora's graves and took samples of each princess for testing. In both mother and daughter, the researchers found evidence of a mutation related to porphyria; while the team notes they could not be "completely certain" that this mutation was caused by the genetic disease.


Charlotte Agla� d'Orl�ans, (20 October 1700 � 19 January 1761) was the Duchess of Modena and Reggio by marriage. She was the third daughter of Philippe II, Duke of Orl�ans, and of his wife, Fran�oise-Marie de Bourbon. She was born a princesse du sang. She had ten children. Against Charlotte Agla�'s wishes, the Regent accepted an offer of marriage for his daughter that was proffered by Rinaldo d'Este, Sovereign Duke of Modena for his son and heir, Prince Francesco d'Este. Earlier projects to marry Charlotte Agla� to either an English prince or to Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia had failed. Her grandmother is known to have written to Charlotte Agla�'s aunt, Anne Marie d'Orl�ans, Queen of Sicily, on the marriage proposal. As a pre-condition to the liberation of Richelieu, her lover, it was decided that she would marry the heir of Modena. Few expected the marriage to succeed, as Charlotte Agla� had no desire to leave France. The original date for the marriage was 25 January 1720, but this date was postponed until the next month due to an oversight by the Bishop of Modena. Despite this, the marriage certificate was signed on 31 January. On 11 February 1720, a proxy marriage was performed at the Tuileries Palace


Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (27 April 1650 � 27 March 1714) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian V. Although she did not have much political influence, she was a successful businesswoman in her many estates and protected foreign Protestant non-Lutherans from oppression. She gained popularity for defending Copenhagen from Swedish forces in 1700. Charlotte Amalie was born on 27 April 1650, in Kassel, Hesse, Germany. Her parents were William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg.  The marriage of Charlotte and Christian V was on 15 June 1667. They had 8 children.


Charlotte Christine Sophie also known as Sophie Charlotte or simply Charlotte (28 August 1694 � 2 November 1715), was the wife of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia. She was the daughter of Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel and Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen. She was also the great aunt of Queen Marie Antoinette of France. Charlotte Christine was brought up at the court of the Polish King August II, whose consort Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth was her distant kinswoman and also her godmother. She received a good education for that time period. In late 1709, Tsar Peter I of Russia sent his son Alexei to Dresden to finish his education. There, he met Charlotte for the first time. She seemed a good match to Tsar Peter for his son because her elder sister Elizabeth Christine was married to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, and the support of Austria in the upcoming fight with the Turks was appreciated by Russian diplomats. On 25 October 1711 at Torgau, Charlotte Christine married Tsarevich Alexei, eldest son and heir of Peter I of Russia by his first wife Eudoxia Lopukhina. She was allowed to keep her Lutheran faith, but any children would be raised as Russian Orthodox.Charlotte enjoyed the favour of Tsar Peter the Great, but lived an isolated life with her own court, which was composed almost entirely by foreigners and headed by her first cousin, Princess Juliana Luise von Ostfriesland. In the beginning her marriage to Alexei was happy, but his drunkenness soon began to strain their relationship. Peter the Great also often took his son on war campaigns with him, thus even further isolating Charlotte.  The tsesarevich also had an open affair with Yefrosinya Fedorov which started during Charlotte's short lifetime and continued after her death. Charlotte found some consolation in the birth of a daughter, Natalia, and a son, later Peter II of Russia. She died a month after the birth of her son. Both her daughter and son died young without issue.


Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois (Charlotte Louise Juliette Grimaldi)( 30 September 1898 � 16 November 1977), was the daughter of Louis II, Prince of Monaco, and the mother of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco. From 1922 until 1944, she was the Hereditary Princess of Monaco, heiress presumptive to the throne. Born Charlotte Louise Juliette de Monaco in Constantine, French Algeria, she was the illegitimate daughter of Marie Juliette Louvet, a cabaret singer, and Louis, Hereditary Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois, son and heir of Monaco's reigning monarch, Prince Albert I. Louis had no legitimate children or siblings, so even before he succeeded his father as Prince Louis II, the principality sought to forestall a succession crisis, anticipating that its neighbour, the French Republic, might take it amiss if the throne fell someday to Louis' legal next of kin. That heir was his cousin, Wilhelm, 2nd Duke of Urach, who, although born and raised in Monte Carlo as the son of Princess Florestine of Monaco, was a German subject, property owner and patrilineal relative of the kings of W�rttemberg. On 15 May 1911 a law was passed recognising Charlotte as Louis' daughter, and declaring her to be a dynastic member of the sovereign family. Though this act was later held to be invalid under the 1882 statutes, an Ordinance of 30 October 1918 was passed to allow her to be adopted into the dynasty instead. Louis adopted Charlotte in Paris on 16 May 1919, thereby entitling her to the surname Grimaldi, while her grandfather bestowed upon her the traditional title of the Principality's heir, Duchess of Valentinois, for life. Charlotte became heir presumptive to the throne as Hereditary Princess when her grandfather died and her father inherited the princely crown in 1922. In Monaco civilly on 18 March and religiously on 19 March 1920, Louis arranged Charlotte's marriage to the then Count Pierre de Polignac of Hennebont, Morbihan, Brittany, France, who, by the Prince's ordinance, took the surname Grimaldi and became a Prince of the Monegasque royal family. The couple had two children Their marriage was not, however, a happy one; they separated on 20 March 1930 due to his homosexuality, and Charlotte left him to live with her doctor and Italian lover, Dalmazzo. The couple were divorced on 18 February 1933 by ordinance of Prince Louis II. On 30 May 1944, the day before her son's 21st birthday and in full agreement with her father, Charlotte renounced and ceded her rights to the throne to her son Rainier, subject to the stipulation that he not predecease her. From this date she was no longer Hereditary Princess of Monaco, though she retained the title Princess Charlotte of Monaco. She renounced her rights because she thought Monaco's population wouldn't accept a leader who was divorced, and whose parents weren't married when she was born Late in life she went to college, obtaining a degree in social work. After her son assumed the throne (in 1949), Princess Charlotte moved to live at Ch�teau de Marchais, the Grimaldi estate outside Paris. Despite the objections of her children who feared for her safety, she turned the estate into a rehabilitation centre for ex-convicts. She lived at the estate with her lover, a noted French former jewel thief named Ren� Girier and nicknamed "Ren� la Canne" (Ren� the Cane).


Charlotte Marie Pomeline Casiraghi (3 August 1986) is a Mon�gasque model, socialite, writer, editor, equestrian, journalist, film producer and humanitarian. She is the second child and only daughter of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Stefano Casiraghi. She is eleventh in line to the throne of Monaco. When she was four years old, her father was killed in a boating accident. In December 2011, Casiraghi started dating stand-up comedian and actor Gad Elmaleh. Their son, Rapha�l, was born on Tuesday, 17 December 2013 As Rapha�l's parents were not married, he is not included in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne. The couple split in June 2015. She married film producer Dimitri Rassam, the son of French actress Carole Bouquet, in Monaco's princely palace on 1 June 2019. In March 2018, several credible media sources reported her engagement to Rassam and it was widely noted that she wore a diamond ring at Monaco's Rose Ball on 24 March.  Casiraghi was visibly pregnant by the summer and the couple chose to postpone a wedding until after the birth of their child. On 23 October 2018, Casiraghi gave birth to a second child, a son named Balthazar, who is 12th in line to Monaco's princely succession, after his mother.[60] The couple married civilly at the Prince's Palace of Monaco on 1 June 2019. They celebrated in a reception at nearby hotel Villa La Vigie.
On 29 June 2019, they married religiously.


Archduchess Charlotte of Austria (German: Erzherzogin Charlotte von �sterreich)(1 March 1921 � 23 July 1989) was a daughter of Emperor Charles I of Austria and his wife Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma. She was also known by the name Charlotte de Bar while a welfare worker in the United States from 1943 to 1956. In May 1956, Charlotte became engaged to George, Duke of Mecklenburg and head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. They were married in a civil ceremony on 21 July 1956 in P�cking, Germany, followed by a religious ceremony four days later. She left her position as a welfare worker after her marriage. Her husband Duke George died on 6 July 1963 and they had no children.

Caroline is a female given name, derived from the male name Karl (Charles). Common nicknames and variations include Caz, Callie, Carole, Carol, Carolyn, Carly and Carrie.

Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline)(1 March 1683 � 20 November 1737[1]) was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland as the wife of King George II. Her father, Margrave John Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach, belonged to a branch of the House of Hohenzollern and was the ruler of a small German state, the Principality of Ansbach. Caroline was orphaned at a young age and moved to the enlightened court of her guardians, King Frederick I and Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia. As a young woman, Caroline was much sought-after as a bride. After rejecting the suit of the nominal King of Spain, Archduke Charles of Austria, she married George Augustus, the third-in-line to the British throne and heir apparent to the Electorate of Hanover. They had eight children, seven of whom grew to adulthood.


Princess Caroline Elizabeth of Great Britain (10 June 1713 � 28 December 1757) was the fourth child and third daughter of King George II of Great Britain and his wife Caroline of Ansbach. According to popular belief, Caroline's unhappiness was due to her love for the married courtier Lord Hervey. Hervey, who was bisexual, may have had an affair with Caroline's elder brother, Prince Frederick, and was romantically linked with several ladies of the court as well Princess Caroline died, unmarried and childless, on 28 December 1757, aged 44


Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (Danish: Caroline Mathilde)( 22 July 1751 � 10 May 1775) was a Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1772 by marriage to King Christian VII. The youngest and posthumous daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales, by Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Caroline Matilda was raised in a secluded family atmosphere away from the royal court. At the age of fifteen, she was married to her first cousin, King Christian VII of Denmark and Norway, who suffered from a mental illness and was cold to his wife throughout the marriage. She had two children: the future Frederick VI and Louise Augusta; the latter's biological father may have been the German physician Johann Friedrich Struensee.


Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (28 June 1796 � 9 March 1881) was queen consort of Denmark as the second spouse of King Christian VIII between 1839 and 1848. Caroline Amalie was the daughter of Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, and Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark; Caroline Amalie's mother was the only daughter of Christian VII and his British wife, Queen Caroline Matilde, after whom she was named.  Her mother introduced her to the heir apparent to the Danish throne, the future Christian VIII, and encouraged them to marry. Reportedly, Caroline Amalie fell in love with Christian, who found her attractive. Christian had divorced his first spouse Charlotte Fredericka of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1810 on grounds of adultery. In 1814, he had just returned to Denmark after his abdication of the Norwegian throne. The same year, Christian and Caroline Amalie were engaged. The wedding took place in 1815.The personal relationship between Caroline Amalie and Christian was described as harmonious and as an image of the contemporary ideal of marriage. Her acceptance of her spouse's infidelity was regarded as something suitable and appropriate within contemporary gender roles. Her amiable personality made her respected and well liked by the rest of the royal House, and she is described as a good stepmother of her stepson Frederick.


Princess Caroline Amelie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg  (15 January 1826 � 3 May 1901), daughter of Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (19 July 1798 � 11 March 1869) and  Countess Lovisa-Sophie af Danneskjold-Sams�e (1797�1867)


Princess Caroline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (Viktoria Friederike Auguste Marie Caroline Mathilde)( 25 January 1860 � 20 February 1932) was the second-eldest daughter of Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and his wife Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.Caroline Mathilde married Friedrich Ferdinand, the eldest son of Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg and Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe and a nephew of Christian IX of Denmark, on 19 March 1885 at Primkenau. Friedrich Ferdinand and Caroline Mathilde had six children


Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg (Viktoria-Irene Adelheid Auguste Alberta Feodora Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg)( 11 May 1894 � 28 January 1972) was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg and Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg by birth and a member of the House of Solms Baruth and Countess of Solms Baruth through her marriage to Count Hans of Solms-Baruth. Princess Karoline Mathilde was born on 11 May 1894 at Gr�nholz Manor, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia, the sixth and youngest child and fifth and youngest daughter of Frederick Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderbug-Gl�cksburg, and his wife Princess Karoline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. She married Count Hans of Solms-Baruth on 27 May 1920, they had 3 children.


Princess Caroline Augusta Maria of Gloucester (24 June 1774 � 14 March 1775) was an infant member of the British Royal Family, a great-grandchild of George II, niece of George III and daughter of the 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh and his wife, Maria Walpole, daughter of Sir Edward Walpole and his mistress Dorothy Clement. Her Highness Princess Caroline was born at Gloucester House, Piccadilly Street, London. Her father was the 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, third son of the Prince of Wales. Her mother was the 1st Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (previously the Countess Waldrave), n�e Walpole. She was christened, privately, twenty-nine days later as Caroline Augusta Maria In early March 1775, the Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh became seriously ill with smallpox.He was so much "shaken in health"[2] that he decided to go abroad, thinking that a change of scenery would be beneficial. Before he left, however, he wanted to make sure that none of children suffered so much, so he ordered the inoculation of Princess Sophia and Princess Caroline, which was performed on 3 March. Princess Sophia, aged two at the time, survived and the inoculation had no known repercussion on her. However, Princess Caroline, became seriously ill on 13 March, having seizures and fits. Princess Caroline of Gloucester died on 14 March, aged almost nine months. She was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.


Caroline of Brunswick (Caroline Amelia Elizabeth; 17 May 1768 � 7 August 1821) was Queen of the United Kingdom and Hanover as the wife of King George IV from 29 January 1820 until her death in 1821. She was Princess of Wales from 1795 to 1820.The daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, and Princess Augusta of Great Britain, Caroline was engaged to her cousin George in 1794, despite their never having met. He was already illegally married to Maria Fitzherbert. George and Caroline married the following year but separated shortly after the birth of their only child, Princess Charlotte of Wales, in 1796. By 1806, rumours that Caroline had taken lovers and had an illegitimate child led to an investigation into her private life. The dignitaries who led the investigation concluded that there was "no foundation" to the rumours, but Caroline's access to her daughter was nonetheless restricted. In 1814, Caroline moved to Italy, where she employed Bartolomeo Pergami as a servant. Pergami soon became Caroline's closest companion, and it was widely assumed that they were lovers. In 1817, Caroline was devastated when Charlotte died in childbirth. She heard the news from a passing courier as George had refused to write and tell her. He was determined to divorce Caroline, and set up a second investigation to collect evidence of her adultery.In January 1820, George became King of the United Kingdom and Hanover. He insisted on a divorce from Caroline, which she refused. A legal divorce was possible but difficult to obtain. Caroline returned to Britain to assert her position as queen. She was wildly popular with the British people, who sympathised with her and despised the new king for his immoral behaviour. On the basis of the loose evidence collected against her, George attempted to divorce Caroline by introducing the Pains and Penalties Bill 1820 to Parliament, but he and the bill were so unpopular, and Caroline so popular with the masses, that it was withdrawn by the Liverpool ministry. The King barred Caroline from his coronation in July 1821. She fell ill in London and died three weeks later.


Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen (German: Prinzessin Karoline Polyxena von Nassau-Usingen)( 4 April 1762 � 17 August 1823) was the elder daughter of Karl Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, and wife of Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel. Caroline was born at Biebrich, Nassau-Usingen the second child and first daughter of Karl Wilhelm, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1735�1803), and his wife, Countess Caroline Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1734�1810), daughter of Christian Karl Reinhard, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Heidesheim.Caroline married on 2 December 1786 in Biebrich to Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (1747�1837), youngest child of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, daughter of George II of Great Britain They had eight children


Duchess Caroline Mariane of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (10 January 1821 � 1 June 1876) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz who became The Crown Princess of Denmark as the second spouse of the future king Frederick VII of Denmark. Duchess Caroline Charlotte Marianne of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, was born in Neustrelitz, the daughter of George, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and his consort Princess Marie of Hesse-Cassel. She was married to His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederick, heir apparent to the Danish throne, in Neustrelitz on 10 June 1841. Very early on, the marriage proved to be a very unhappy one, due in large part to The Crown Prince's bad temperament, excessive drinking and shameless womanizing. Princess Caroline Mariane, who was described as incurably shy and nervous, lacked the ability to serve as a calming influence over her consort. After a visit to her parents in Germany in 1844, Caroline Mariane refused to return to Denmark. The divorce was completed in 1846. Following the divorce, Caroline Mariane, who retained her title, lived a quiet life in Neustrelitz. She rarely ever mentioned her former spouse, except for when Danish visitors were in the area, when she would say: He was much too bizarre!


Karoline Friederike Marie of Hesse-Kassel (15 August 1811 � 10 May 1829), daughter of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel (24 December 1787 � 5 September 1867) and  Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (1789�1864)


Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel (German: Luise Karoline von Hessen-Kassel)( 28 September 1789 � 13 March 1867) was the consort of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg and the matriarch of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg, which would eventually become the ruling house of the kingdoms of Denmark, Greece, and Norway. Louise Caroline was born at Gottorp in the Duchy of Schleswig to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel (19 December 1744 � 17 August 1836) and his wife Princess Louise of Denmark (30 January 1750 � 12 January 1831).Friedrich Wilhelm and Louise Caroline married in 1810. They had 10 children.

Princess Caroline of Denmark (Danish: Caroline af Danmark)( 28 October 1793, Copenhagen � 31 March 1881, Copenhagen), was the eldest surviving daughter of King Frederick VI. She was unofficially known as "Kronprinsesse Caroline" (English: Crown Princess Caroline) prior to her marriage, and later as "Arveprinsesse Caroline" (English: Hereditary Princess Caroline). She married her father's first cousin, Hereditary Prince Ferdinand, who was heir presumptive to the throne from 1848 to 1863 Princess Caroline was born at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen on 28 October 1793. Her parents were Crown Prince Frederick (the future King Frederick VI of Denmark) and his spouse and first cousin, Princess Marie of Hesse-Kassel. Her paternal grandfather King Christian VII being mentally unstable, her father had acted as regent since 1784. Her birth was much welcomed by the public, as her siblings had died soon after their birth. She had a very close relationship with her father Her father had no surviving sons and Caroline and her sister Vilhelmine Marie (1808-1891), were excluded from succession to the throne as a result of Salic Law. Despite this fact, however, she was still commonly called and referred to as Crown Princess prior to her marriage, as the eldest child of her father, though she did not have the formal title. Several possible marriages were planned for her but without result. After her father's accession, Napoleon suggested, in 1810, a marriage with the heir to the Swedish throne, Prince Christian August of Augustenborg; her father disapproved but began negotiations, which were interrupted by the death of Christian August shortly afterward. Among the grooms suggested was also the British Prince William, Duke of Clarence. In 1812, she was engaged to her uncle Prince Christian of Hesse, but he died in 1814. Finally, on 1 August 1829 at Frederiksberg Palace she married her father's first cousin, Prince Ferdinand of Denmark (1792-1863) who was third in line to the throne. The marriage was arranged for political reasons and was childless.

Princess Caroline Louise of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Karoline Luise)(18 July 1786 � 20 January 1816) was a princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin by virtue of her marriage. She was the daughter of Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and his wife Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. Caroline was born at the Stadtschloss in Weimar. She was a princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach by birth. The youngest of three children, her older brother Charles Frederick succeeded their father as Grand Duke in 1828. One of Caroline's nieces was Empress Augusta of Germany, wife of William I, German Emperor. On 1 July 1810 she became the second wife of Frederick Ludwig, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The Hereditary Grand Duke had lost his first wife Elena Pavlovna of Russia in September 1804 having died of influenza. Caroline Louise gave her husband three children. Her only daughter married son of Louis Philippe I of the French. She had a loving relationship with her husband.


Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (8 February 1819 � 9 March 1887) was a Polish noblewoman (szlachcianka) who is best known for her 40-year relationship with musician Franz Liszt. She was also an amateur journalist and essayist, and it is conjectured that she did much of the actual writing of several of Liszt's publications, especially his 1852 Life of Chopin. She maintained an enormous correspondence with Liszt and many others, which is of vital historical interest.  Karolina Elżbieta Iwanowska was born at her maternal grandfather's home in Monasterzyska, now in western Ukraine but then part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, a crownland of the Austrian Empire. She was the only child of wealthy parents, members of the untiteled Polish nobility, Peter Iwanowsky and Pauline Leonharda Podowska whose massive holdings of land in Podolia included more than 30,000 serfs On 26 April 1836, just two months after her 17th birthday (and with pressure from her father), Carolyne married Prince Nicholas von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg (1812�1864), an officer in the Russian service who was also a member of an ancient noble house as the son of Prince Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg They had one child together, Marie Pauline Antoinette (1837�1920), who later married Prince Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsf�rst. Princess Carolyne was a fervent Roman Catholic, but separated from her husband after only a few years of marriage.


Caroline Gathorne-Hardy, Countess of Cranbrook OBE (n�e Jarvis)(18 December 1935) is an English aristocrat and campaigner on food quality issues. She is the wife of Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 5th Earl of Cranbrook. She was born in London in 1935, the daughter of Colonel Ralph George Edward Jarvis of Doddington Hall, Lincolnshire and his wife, Antonia Mary Hilda Meade. She married the Earl of Cranbrook on 9 May 1967, and took up the married name Caroline Gathorne-Hardy.She and her husband have three children.


Lady Caroline Blackwood (16 July 1931 � 14 February 1996) was an English writer, and the eldest child of the 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava and the brewery heiress Maureen Guinness. Blackwood's marriage to Lucian Freud disintegrated soon after they married in 1953; it was dissolved in 1958, in Mexico On 15 August 1959, she married the pianist Israel Citkowitz (1909�1974), 22 years her senior and born in the same year as her late father; they had three daughters. By 1966, when their youngest, Ivana, was born, their marriage was over, although Citkowitz continued to live nearby and helped raise their children until his death. During the mid-1960s, Blackwood had an affair with Robert Silvers, a founder and co-editor of The New York Review of Books According to Ivana, both she and Silvers suspected that he was her biological father. However, a deathbed admission by Blackwood revealed that Ivana's biological father was another boyfriend: the screenwriter Ivan Moffat, a grandson of actor-manager Sir Herbert Beerbohm TreeIn 1970, Blackwood returned to London and, in April, began a relationship with the poet Robert Lowell, then a visiting professor at All Souls College, Oxford. Their son, Sheridan, was born on 28 September 1971; after being divorced from their respective spouses, Blackwood and Lowell were married, on 21 October 1972


Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa of Parma (22 November 1770 � 1 March 1804) was a Princess of Parma by birth, and Princess of Saxony by marriage to Prince Maximilian of Saxony. Carolina was the eldest child of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, and his wife Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. Her full baptismal name was Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa Giovanna Cristiana Anna Isabella. She was named after her godparents, her paternal great-uncle Charles III of Spain and her maternal grandmother Empress Maria Theresa. Carolina was the eldest of nine children born to Ferdinand, Duke of Parma by his wife Maria Amalia of Austria. On 22 April 1792 in Parma (by proxy) and on 9 May 1792 (in person), Carolina married Prince Maximilian of Saxony, fifth and youngest son of Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony. They had 7 children.


Carolina Augusta Elisabeth Vincentia Johanna Josepha of Austria (1822�1841), daughter of Princess Maria Anna of Saxony (1799�1832) and  Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany


Princess Maria Carolina Christina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala (23 June 1974), is the fourth and youngest child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands and Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma. She is a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma as well as an extended member of the Dutch royal family. On 9 January 2012, it was announced Carolina would marry Albert Alphons Ludgerus Brenninkmeijer, (16 May 1974), a member of the wealthy Brenninkmeijer family. The civil marriage took place on 21 April 2012 at Wijk bij Duurstede. The church wedding took place at the San Miniato al Monte on 16 June 2012 in Florence, Italy. The couple have two children, a daughter and a son


Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll (16 December 1774 � 16 June 1835), formerly Lady Caroline Elizabeth Villiers and Caroline Paget, Lady Paget, was the wife of Henry Paget, future Marquess of Anglesey, until their divorce in 1810, and subsequently the wife of George Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll, a friend of her first husband The daughter of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Jersey, and his wife Frances, Caroline was married, on 5 July 1795, in London, to Lord Paget, who at that time was MP for Carnarvon. He was the son of the Earl of Uxbridge. Her mother was one of the mistresses of King George IV. They had eight children. In 1810, prior to Paget's elevation to the peerage, the couple were divorced as a result of his affair with Lady Charlotte Wellesley, whose husband, Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley, was the brother of the Duke of Wellington. Charlotte's brother Henry Cadogan challenged Paget to a duel, but neither was hurt. Caroline then sued her husband for divorce in the Scottish courts. A divorce was granted in November 1810. Her second marriage, to the Duke of Argyll, took place at Canongate, Edinburgh, only three weeks later. It was the duke's only marriage, and there were no children.


Lady Caroline Paget (6 June 1796 � 12 March 1874), daughter of Caroline Villiers and Lord Paget. She married Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond

Lady Caroline Paget (15 June 1913 � 22 May 1973) the eldest child of Charles Paget, 6th Marquess of Anglesey, and his wife, the former Lady Victoria Manners. Lady Caroline's mother was the daughter of Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland. During the 1930s, she was a notable British socialite, and a minor actress. She was beloved of the artist Rex Whistler, who painted numerous portraits of her, including a startling nude Lady Caroline Paget was the unrequited love of Elizabeth Parrish Starr On 14 July 1949, Lady Caroline married Sir Michael Duff, 3rd Baronet, becoming his second wife. Together they adopted one child, Charles Duff (b. 1950).


Georgiana Carolina Fox, 1st Baroness Holland, of Holland (27 March 1723 � 24 July 1774), known as Lady Caroline Lennox before 1744 and as Lady Caroline Fox from 1744 to 1762, was the eldest of the Lennox sisters. The Lennox sisters were daughters of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, and Sarah Cadogan. Charles Lennox was the grandson of Charles II of England through the King's relationship with Louise de K�rouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. In 1744, Lady Caroline eloped with Henry Fox, a politician who was 18 years her senior. Though her parents disapproved of the marriage, it proved a happy one. The couple had four sons, including the Whig politician, Charles James Fox and the general Henry Edward Fox.


Hon. Caroline Fox (3 November 1767 � 12 March 1845[2]), of Little Holland House, Kensington, who died unmarried aged 78.On 3 May 1762, Caroline was created Baroness Holland of Holland in the Peerage of Great Britain. Her husband was created Baron Holland of Foxley less than a year later, on 17 April 1763 Daughter of Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland (20 February 1745 � 26 December 1774) and  Lady Mary FitzPatrick.


Princess Caroline Mathilde of Saxe Coburg Gotha (1912�1983) youngest child and daughter of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (19 July 1884 � 6 March 1954) and Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg (31 December 1885 � 3 October 1970)   married in 1931 Friedrich Wolfgang Otto Graf von Castell-R�denhausen, with whom she had three children. Less than two months after their divorce, in June 1938 she married Max Schnirring, a Lufthansa captain and test pilot at Arado Flugzeugwerke, who died in an accident six years later in 1944. The marriage also had three children. Another marriage followed after World War II, which ended in divorce.


Maria Annunziata Carolina Murat (French: Marie Annonciade Caroline Murat; n�e Bonaparte)( 25 March 1782 � 18 May 1839), better known as Caroline Bonaparte, was the seventh surviving child and third surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino, and a younger sister of Napoleon I of France. She was queen of Naples during the reign of her spouse there, and regent of Naples during his absence four times: in 1812-13, 1813, 1814, and 1815. She fell in love with Joachim Murat, one of her brother's generals, and they married on 20 January 1800. Caroline was seventeen years old. Initially, Napoleon did not wish to allow them to marry, however, his wife Jos�phine de Beauharnais persuaded him to change his mind Caroline became Grand Duchess of Berg and Cleves on 15 March 1806 and Queen consort of Naples on 1 August 1808, when her husband was appointed to the equivalent positions by her brother. According to the terms of the appointment, she would keep the title queen also after the death of her spouse. Then, during the Hundred Days of 1815, Joachim came out for Napoleon. During his absence, Caroline was left as regent of Naples. Joachim was defeated and executed, and Caroline fled to the Austrian Empire. Whilst in exile, she adopted the title 'Countess of Lipona'; 'Lipona' being an anagram of 'Napoli' (Naples). In 1830, she married Francesco Macdonald (1777�1837) The couple had no children.


Princess Caroline Laetitia Murat (1832�1902), daughter of Lucien, 3rd Prince Murat  (16 May 1803 � 10 April 1878) and Caroline Georgina Fraser (1810�1879) She married Charles, Baron de Chassiron in Paris in 1850. After his death in 1871, she married John Lewis Garden (1833�1892) of Redisham Hall in London in 1871.


Princess Caroline Murat (1921�2003), daughter of Joachim, 6th Prince Murat (6 August 1885 � Paris, 11 May 1938) and Louise Am�lie Planti�.


Princess Caroline Murat (1941), daughter of Joachim Murat, 7th Prince Murat (16 January 1920 � 20 July 1944) and Nicole V�ra Claire H�l�ne Pastr� (1921-1992). She married in 1962 to Count Yves de Parcevaux,(b. 1936) and divorced. Married in 1967 to Mikl�s Klobusiczky de Klobusicz et Z�t�ny (b. 1946), son of Elem�r Klobusiczky de Klobusicz et Z�t�ny and Countess Julia Apponyi de Nagyappony. And had 3 children.


Princess Caroline Laetizia Victoire Alix Murat (31 October 1971), daughter of Joachim Louis Napol�on Murat, 8th Prince Murat (26 November 1944) and Laurence Marie Gabrielle Mouton.


Princess Maria Carolina Augusta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (26 April 1822 � 6 December 1869) was a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies by birth and a princess of the House of Orl�ans through her marriage to Prince Henry of Orl�ans, Duke of Aumale. Maria Carolina was born in Vienna on 26 April 1822, the only surviving child of Prince Leopold of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Prince of Salerno and his wife (and niece) Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria, daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor In the 1830s and 1840s there were not many princesses from European nobility who were in a marriageable age, so Maria Carolina had several suitors for her hand. The choice finally fell on Prince Henry, Duke of Aumale, fifth and second-youngest son of King Louis-Philippe I of France and his wife Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies, who became impressed with her during a stay at her father's palace in Naples The marriage negotiations began in late August 1844, and already on 17 September of the same year at the Revue de Paris, their engagement was officially announced.The union was anything but a love match. Henry agreed with the marriage only after intense pressure from his parents after they rejected other candidates and finally opted for the small and graceful Maria Carolina to forestall any other marriage proposals to her from other European princes. The marriage took place on 25 November 1844 They developed a mutual respect, and during all her life the princess was a faithful and devoted wife who never made claims After the February Revolution of 1848 The Orl�ans family went into exile in England and were, by decree from 16 May 1848, permanently banned from France. Maria Carolina followed her husband, and they temporarily moved to Claremont House. Maria Carolina and Henry had seven children, from only two survived childbirth but both died young.


Maria Carolina of Savoy (Maria Carolina Antonietta Adelaide; 17 January 1764 � 28 December 1782) was a Princess of Savoy from her birth. She was the youngest daughter of the future Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and married in 1781 to the Electoral Prince of Saxony. She died of Smallpox aged eighteen.


Princess Maria Carolina, Duchess of Calabria, Duchess of Palermo ( 2003), eldest daughter of Prince Carlo of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duke of Castro (24 February 1963) and Camilla Crociani.


Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia)( 13 August 1752 � 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of king Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies Born an Austrian archduchess, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, she married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, where Ferdinand's father was king The couple had 17 children.


Maria Carolina of the Two Sicilies (19 July 1783-19 July 1783) daughter of Maria Carolina of Austria and King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.


Archduchess Maria Caroline (8 June 1794-16 March 1795), daughter of Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 � 13 April 1807) and  Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.


Archduchess Caroline Ludovika (22 December 1795-30 June 1797) daughter of Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 � 13 April 1807) and  Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.


Archduchess Maria Carolina Ferdinanda of Austria (8 April 1801 � 22 May 1832) was Crown Princess of Saxony as the wife of Frederick Augustus, Crown Prince of Saxony. Marie Caroline was a daughter of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, later Francis I of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, and named after an elder sister who had died in infancy On 7 October 1819 she married Prince Frederick Augustus of Saxony, son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony, and Princess Caroline of Parma, in Dresden, Germany. The marriage was childless and unhappy.


Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa of Parma (22 November 1770 � 1 March 1804) was a Princess of Parma by birth, and Princess of Saxony by marriage to Prince Maximilian of Saxony. Carolina was the eldest child of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, and his wife Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.  On 22 April 1792 in Parma (by proxy) and on 9 May 1792 (in person), Carolina married Prince Maximilian of Saxony, fifth and youngest son of Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony.They had seven children


Duchess Marie-Caroline Hedwig Eleonore in Bavaria (23 June 1969 ), 2nd daughter of Max-Emanuel Ludwig Maria Herzog in Bayern (sometimes styled Prince Max of Bavaria, Duke in Bavaria) (21 January 1937) and Countess Elisabeth Douglas ( 31 December 1940) She married on 27 July 1991 in Tegernsee, Duke Philipp of W�rttemberg ( 1 November 1964), son of Carl, Duke of W�rttemberg, and Princess Diane of Orl�ans. They have four children.


Princess Marie-Caroline Elisabeth Immaculata of Liechtenstein, Countess Rietberg (17 October 1996), 2nd child and only daughter of Duchess Sophie Elizabeth Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria ( 28 October 1967) and Hereditary Prince Alois of Liechtenstein (11 June 1968).

Frederick is a masculine given name meaning "peaceful ruler". It is the English form of the German name Friedrich. Its meaning is derived from the Germanic word elements frid, or peace, and ric, meaning "ruler" or "power". Variants are among others : Frederik; Friedrich; Fr�d�ric.

Frederick I (7 October 1471 � 10 April 1533) was the king of Denmark and Norway. His name is also spelled Frederik in Danish and Norwegian, Friedrich in German and Fredrik in Swedish. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over Denmark and Norway, when subsequent monarchs embraced Lutheranism after the Protestant Reformation.Frederick was the younger son of the first Oldenburg King Christian I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1426�81) and of Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430�95) Soon after the death of his father, the underage Frederick was elected co-Duke of Schleswig and Holstein in 1482, the other co-duke being his elder brother, King John of Denmark. In 1490 at Frederick's majority, both duchies were divided between the brothers When his brother, King John died, a group of Jutish nobles had offered Frederick the throne as early as 1513, but he had declined, rightly believing that the majority of the Danish nobility would be loyal to his nephew Christian II. In 1523, Christian was forced by disloyal nobles to abdicate, and Frederick took the throne. It is not certain that Frederick ever learned to speak Danish. After becoming king, he continued spending most of his time at Gottorp, a castle and estate in the city of Schleswig. On 10 April 1502, Frederick married Anna of Brandenburg (1487�1514), the daughter of John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg and Margaret of Thuringia. The couple had two children


Frederick II (1 July 1534 � 4 April 1588) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein  from 1559 until his death. Frederick was born on 1 July 1534 at Haderslevhus Castle, the son of Duke Christian of Schleswig and Holstein (later King Christian III of Denmark and Norway) and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, the daughter of Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg. At the time of Frederick's birth, a civil war of Denmark was coming to an end (just three days after Frederick's birth his father Christian became King of Denmark). The previous king, Frederick I, died on 10 April the year before, but the Danish Council of the Realm, which traditionally ruled the kingdom with the king, had not chosen a successor, and now Denmark had, for more than a year, functioned as an Aristocratic Republic. On 20 July 1572, he was married to Sophie of Mecklenburg-G�strow, a descendant of King John of Denmark, and also his own first half-cousin, through their grandfather, Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway.Sophie was the daughter of Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg-G�strow and Elizabeth of Denmark. Their marriage was harmonious and happy. Frederick and Sophie had seven children.


Frederick III (Danish: Frederik)(18 March 1609 � 9 February 1670[1]) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death in 1670. He also governed under the name Frederick II as diocesan administrator (colloquially referred to as prince-bishop) of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623�29 and again 1634�44), and the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635�45) Frederick was born at Haderslev in Slesvig, the son of Christian IV and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg. In his youth and early manhood, there was no prospect of his ascending the Danish throne, as his older brother Christian was elected heir apparent in 1608. The death of his elder brother Christian in June 1647 opened the possibility for Frederick to be elected heir apparent to the Danish throne. However, this issue was still unsettled when Christian IV died on 28 February 1648. After long deliberation among the Danish Estates and in Rigsraadet (royal council), he was finally accepted as his father's successor. Frederick married Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-L�neburg in Castle Gl�cksburg on 1 October 1643. The marriage had been arranged in 1640. Frederick was, at the time, archbishop of Bremen and not heir to the throne, and was not expected to succeed to the throne. The couple had 7 children.


Frederick (11 October 1651-14 March 1652), son of Frederick III and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-L�neburg


Frederick IV (Danish: Frederik)(11 October 1671 � 12 October 1730) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of Christian V of Denmark-Norway and his consort Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel. On 5 December 1695 he married Louise of Mecklenburg-G�strow (28 August 1667 � 15 March 1721) In 1699, Frederick and Louise became king and queen of Denmark. In parallel, Frederick's infatuation with Louise had passed, and he involved himself in a number of public affairs, notably with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg (1699-1704), Charlotte Helene von Schindel (1704-11) and Anna Sophie Reventlow (1712�21). Frederick even entered two morganatic marriages; in 1703, he committed bigamy with his mistress Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, and in 1712 with Anna Sophie Reventlow. The day after Queen Louise's funeral, Frederick IV married Anna Sophie Reventlow again, and less than two months later he had her crowned.  Of the nine children born to him of these three wives, only two of them survived to adulthood: the future Christian VI and Princess Charlotte-Amalia, both from the first marriage. All the other children died in infancy

Frederick V (Danish and Norwegian: Frederik)(31 March 1723 � 14 January 1766) was king of Denmark�Norway and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 1746 until his death. He was the son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.Frederick's propensity for debauchery accelerated his marriage negotiations. He was married at Altona, Holstein, on 11 December 1743 to Princess Louise of Great Britain, daughter of King George II and Caroline of Ansbach. They were the parents of six children, but one was stillborn. Meanwhile, Frederick continued to enjoy random liaisons with others. Louise pretended not to notice. During the years 1746�51, the king had a favorite named Madam Hansen with whom he had five children.Louise died suddenly on 19 December 1751 at Christiansborg Palace, predeceasing her husband by fourteen years and causing great impact on the royal family and the court's life, where she was adored. She was buried with great pomp at Roskilde Cathedral. At the time of her death, she was pregnant with her sixth child, who also died.A new marriage for the king, arranged by Moltke, took place at Frederiksborg Palace on 8 July 1752 to Frederick the Great of Prussia's sister-in-law Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel, daughter of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-L�neburg. The marriage was frowned upon by the people who saw it as too early for the King to remarry. Neither did the formal princess appeal to his own taste, and with the court she was never popular�with no other identifiable cause than her sense of rigid etiquette, practised in German princely courts, that may have seemed less friendly than the English Louise. During his second marriage, the king had a relationship with Charlotte Amalie Winge. Their most notable child was the Hereditary Prince Frederick, who was, in his turn, father of King Christian VIII of Denmark and grandfather of Louise of Hesse, the future queen of Denmark. She died in 1796, having been regent for her son Prince Frederick.

Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (Danish: Frederik)(11 October 1753 � 7 December 1805) was heir presumptive to the thrones of Denmark and Norway. He was the only surviving son of King Frederick V by his second wife, Juliana Maria of Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel. Hereditary Prince Frederick acted as regent on behalf of his half-brother King Christian VII from 1772 to 1784.He married Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1758�1794) in Copenhagen on 21 October 1774. She was a daughter of Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Charlotte Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Frederick VI (Danish and Norwegian: Frederik)(28 January 1768 � 3 December 1839) was King of Denmark from 13 March 1808 to 3 December 1839 and King of Norway from 13 March 1808 to 7 February 1814, making him the last king of Denmark�Norway. From 1784 until his accession, he served as regent during his father's mental illness and was referred to as the "Crown Prince Regent" (kronprinsregent). Frederick was born at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen. Frederick belonged to the House of Oldenburg. His parents were King Christian VII and Caroline Matilda of Great Britain.His father suffered from serious psychological problems, including suspected schizophrenia expressed by catatonic periods which resulted in the king ceding power to his doctor, Johann Friedrich Struensee. From 1770 to 1772, Struensee was de facto regent and lover of Caroline Matilda, Frederick's mother. On 8 January 1772, after the revolt against Struensee, Frederick's 18-year-old half-uncle Hereditary Prince Frederick was made regent. The real power, however, was held by Hereditary Prince Frederick's mother (Crown Prince Frederick's step-grandmother), Queen Dowager Juliana Maria, aided by Ove H�egh-Guldberg. Frederick was raised under the supervision of Margrethe Marie Thomasine Numsen. Finally, on 14 April 1784, the Crown Prince Frederick was declared of legal majority; he proceeded to seize and exercise the full powers of the regency, dismissing the ministers loyal to the Queen Dowager. It is said that during the coup, he engaged in a fistfight with his half-uncle over the regency. He continued as regent of Denmark-Norway under his father's name until the latter's death in 1808. There was speculation that he was to marry a Prussian princess, a choice supported by his step-grandmother Juliana Maria and her brother-in-law Frederick the Great. To demonstrate his independence, however, he personally selected his first-cousin Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel, a member of a German family with close marriage links with the royal families of both Denmark and Great Britain. They married in Gottorp on 31 July 1790 and had eight children. But six of them died in infancy. Only two daughters grew to adulthood, and incidentally, both of them remained childless, meaning that Frederick VI and his wife had no grandchildren at all.


Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian)(6 October 1808 � 15 November 1863) was King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863. He was the last Danish monarch of the older Royal branch of the House of Oldenburg and the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch. Frederick was born at Amalienborg Palace to Christian VIII of Denmark and Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. His maternal grandparents were Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Luise, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha. The king's first two marriages both ended in scandal and divorce. He was first married in Copenhagen on 1 November 1828 to his second cousin Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark, a daughter of King Frederick VI of Denmark. They separated in 1834 and divorced in 1837. On 10 June 1841 he married for a second time to Duchess Caroline Charlotte Mariane of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whom he divorced in 1846. On 7 August 1850 in Frederiksborg Palace, he morganatically married Louise Christina Rasmussen, whom he created Landgravine Danner in 1850 (Danish: Lensgrevinde Danner), a milliner and former ballet dancer who had for many years been his acquaintance or mistress, the natural daughter of Gotthilf L. K�ppen and of Juliane Caroline Rasmussen. This marriage seems to have been happy, although it aroused great moral indignation among the nobility and the bourgeoisie. Countess Danner, who was denounced as a vulgar gold digger by her enemies, but viewed as an unaffected daughter of the people by her admirers, seems to have had a stabilizing effect on him. She also worked at maintaining his popularity by letting him meet the people of the provinces

Frederick VIII (Danish: Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl)( 3 June 1843 � 14 May 1912) was King of Denmark from 29 January 1906 until his death in 1912. He was the eldest son and child of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg and Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim.His father's family was a cadet branch of the Danish royal House of Oldenburg, which was descended from Christian III and which had ruled as non-sovereign dukes in Schleswig-Holstein for eight generations In 1853, it was clear that the main line of the Oldenburg dynasty would become extinct with King Frederick VII, who was elderly and childless. Frederick's mother was very close to the succession, as she was a niece of the previous Oldenburg king, Christian VIII, through his sister. With the other heirs from the House of Hesse-Kassel having renounced their claims to the Danish throne in favour of Louise, who in turn relinquished her own claim, his father was eventually chosen as the heir presumptive. Accordingly, Frederick was created a Prince of Denmark. Queen Louise wanted her eldest son to marry as well as had her two daughters, Alexandra and Dagmar. Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom had two yet unmarried daughters, Princess Helena and Princess Louise, and Queen Louise planned to have Frederick marry one of them. However, Victoria did not want her daughters to marry heirs to foreign thrones, as this would force them to live abroad, instead preferring German princes who could establish homes in England. In addition, Victoria had always been pro-German and another Danish alliance (Frederick's sister, Alexandra, had married Victoria's eldest son Edward, Prince of Wales), would not have been in line with her German interests In July 1868, Crown Prince Frederick�then 25 years old�became engaged to Princess Louise, the 17-year-old only daughter of King Charles XV of Sweden. Princess Louise belonged to the Bernadotte dynasty, which had ruled in Sweden since 1818, when the founder, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, one of Napoleon Bonaparte's generals, was elected crown prince of Sweden in 1810 and later succeeded the throne as King Charles XIV John in 1818. The marriage was suggested as a way of creating friendship between Denmark and Sweden. The couple had 8 children. Frederick became king of Denmark upon his father's death on 29 January 1906.


Frederick IX (Danish: Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg)(11 March 1899 � 14 January 1972) was King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972 Born into the House of Gl�cksburg, Frederick was the elder son of King Christian X (26 September 1870 � 20 April 1947) and Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (24 December 1879 � 28 December 1952) In the 1910s, Alexandrine considered the two youngest daughters of her cousin Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia and Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, as possible wives for Frederick, until the execution of the Romanov family in 1918. In 1922, Frederick was engaged to Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark, his second cousin. They never wed Instead, on 15 March 1935, a few days after his 36th birthday, he was engaged to Princess Ingrid of Sweden (1910�2000), a daughter of Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf (later King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden) and his first wife, Princess Margaret of Connaught. They were related in several ways. In descent from Oscar I of Sweden and Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, they were double third cousins. In descent from Paul I of Russia, Frederick was a fourth cousin of Ingrid's mother. They married in Stockholm Cathedral on 24 May 1935. They had 3 daughters.As King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid had no sons, it was expected that the king's younger brother, Prince Knud, would inherit the throne, in accordance with Denmark's succession law (Royal Ordinance of 1853). However, in 1953, an Act of Succession was passed, changing the method of succession to male-preference primogeniture (which allows daughters to succeed if there are no sons). This meant that his daughters could succeed him if he had no sons. As a consequence, his eldest daughter, Margrethe, became heir presumptive. By order of 27 March 1953 the succession to the throne was limited to the issue of King Christian X.


Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, RE, SKmd (Frederik Andr� Henrik Christian)(26 May 1968) is the heir apparent to the Danish throne Crown Prince Frederik was born at Rigshospitalet the Copenhagen University Hospital in Copenhagen, on 26 May 1968, to the then Princess Margrethe, oldest daughter of Frederik IX and heir presumptive to the Danish throne, and Prince Henrik (n�e Henri Marie Jean Andr� de Laborde de Monpezat). During a Council of State on 8 October 2003, Queen Margrethe gave her consent to the marriage of Crown Prince Frederik to Mary Elizabeth Donaldson, an Australian marketing consultant whom the prince had met while attending the Sydney Olympics in 2000. Their wedding took place on 14 May 2004 at Copenhagen Cathedral, Copenhagen. The couple have four children: Christian (born 15 October 2005), Isabella (born 21 April 2007) and twins Vincent and Josephine (born 8 January 2011).

Albert Frederick (German: Albrecht Friedrich; Polish: Albrecht Fryderyk)(7 May 1553 � 27 August 1618) was the Duke of Prussia, from 1568 until his death. He was a son of Albert of Prussia and Anna Marie of Brunswick-L�neburg. He was the second and last Prussian duke of the Ansbach branch of the Hohenzollern family. Albert Frederick was married in 1573 to Marie Eleonore of Cleves, a daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of J�lich-Cleves-Berg and Archduchess Maria of Austria (1531�1581). Maria was a daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.Albert Frederick and Marie were parents to seven children

Albert Frederick of Prussia (1 June 1580 � 8 October 1580), son of Albert Frederick and Marie Eleonore

Wilhelm Frederick of Prussia (23 June 1585 � 18 January 1586), son of Albert Frederick and Marie Eleonore

Joachim Frederick (German: Joachim Friedrich) (27 January 1546 � 18 July 1608), of the House of Hohenzollern, was Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1598 until his death. Joachim Frederick was born in C�lln to John George, Elector of Brandenburg, and Sophie of Legnica Joachim Frederick's first marriage on 7 March 1570 was to Catherine of Brandenburg-K�strin, daughter of John, Margrave of Brandenburg-K�strin, and Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel. they had 11 children Joachim Frederick's second marriage, on 23 October 1603, was to Eleanor of Prussia, born 12 August 1583, daughter of Albert Frederick and Marie Eleonore of Cleves. They had 1 child. He became regent of the Duchy of Prussia in 1605. His titles also included "duke (Dux) of Stettin, Pomerania, Cassubia, Vandalorum and Crossen", according to the terms of the Treaty of Grimnitz, although the Pomeranian titles were only nominal.


August Frederick (16 February 1580 � 23 April 1601), son of Joachim Frederick and Catherine of Brandenburg-K�strin

Albert Frederick (29 April 1582 � 3 December 1600), son of Joachim Frederick and Catherine of Brandenburg-K�strin

Frederick I (German: Friedrich I.)(11 July 1657 � 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688�1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (1701�1713). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuch�tel (German: F�rstentum Neuenburg) Born in K�nigsberg, he was the third son of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg by his father's first marriage to Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau, eldest daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. Frederick was married three times: first to Elizabeth Henrietta of Hesse-Kassel, with whom he had one child, then to Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, with whom he had 2 sons In 1708, he married Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who survived him but had no children by him.


Frederick August (1685�1686) son of Frederick I and Sophia Charlotte of Hanover

Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I.)(14 August 1688 � 31 May 1740), known as the "Soldier King" (German: Soldatenk�nig), was the king in Prussia and elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as prince of Neuch�tel. He was succeeded by his son, Frederick the Great. He was born in Berlin to King Frederick I of Prussia and Princess Sophia Charlotte of Hanover. Frederick William married his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, George II's younger sister (daughter of his uncle, King George I of Great Britain and Sophia Dorothea of Celle) on 28 November 1706. Frederick William was faithful and loving to his wife[ but they did not have a happy relationship: Sophia Dorothea feared his unpredictable temper and resented him, both for allowing her no influence at court and for refusing to marry her children to their English cousins. She also abhorred his cruelty towards their son and heir Frederick (with whom she was close), although rather than trying to mend the relationship between father and son she frequently spurred Frederick on in his defiance. They had fourteen children.


Frederick Louis (23 November 1707-13 May 1708) son of Frederick William I and Sophia

Frederick William (16 August 1710 - 21 July 1711) son of Frederick William I and Sophia

Frederick II (German: Friedrich II.)( 24 January 1712 � 17 August 1786) was King of Prussia from 1740 until his death in 1786. He was the longest reigning monarch of the House of Hohenzollern. His most significant accomplishments included his military successes in the Silesian wars, his reorganisation of the Prussian Army, the First Partition of Poland, and his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment. Frederick was the last Hohenzollern monarch titled King in Prussia and declared himself King of Prussia after annexing Polish Prussia from the Polish�Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772. Prussia greatly increased its territories and became a major military power in Europe under his rule. He became known as Frederick the Great (German: Friedrich der Gro�e) and was nicknamed "The Old Fritz" (German: "Der Alte Fritz") by the Prussian people and eventually the rest of Germany. Frederick was the son of Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia and his wife, Sophia Dorothea of Hanover. Initially, Frederick William considered marrying Frederick to Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the niece of Empress Anna of Russia, but this plan was ardently opposed by Prince Eugene of Savoy. Frederick himself proposed marrying Maria Theresa of Austria in return for renouncing the succession. Instead, Eugene persuaded Frederick William, through Seckendorff, that the crown prince should marry Elisabeth Christine, who was a Protestant relative of the Austrian Habsburgs. Frederick wrote to his sister that, "There can be neither love nor friendship between us", and he threatened suicide, but he went along with the wedding on 12 June 1733. He had little in common with his bride, and the marriage was resented as an example of the Austrian political interference that had plagued Prussia. Nevertheless, during their early married life, the royal couple resided at the Crown Prince's Palace in Berlin. Later, Elisabeth Christine accompanied Frederick to Schloss Rheinsberg, where at this time she played an active role in his social life. After his father died and he had secured the throne, Frederick separated from Elisabeth. He granted her the Sch�nhausen Palace and apartments at the Berliner Stadtschloss, but he prohibited Elisabeth Christine from visiting his court in Potsdam. Frederick and Elisabeth Christine had no children, and Frederick bestowed the title of the heir to the throne, "Prince of Prussia", on his brother Augustus William. Nevertheless, Elisabeth Christine remained devoted to him. Frederick gave her all the honours befitting her station, but never displayed any affection.

Frederick William II (German: Friedrich Wilhelm II.)( 25 September 1744 � 16 November 1797) was King of Prussia from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-elector of Brandenburg and (via the Orange-Nassau inheritance of his grandfather) sovereign prince of the Canton of Neuch�tel. Pleasure-loving and indolent, he is seen as the antithesis to his predecessor, Frederick the Great. (Frederick II). Frederick William was born in Berlin, the son of Prince Augustus William of Prussia (the second son of King Frederick William I of Prussia) and Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel. His mother's elder sister, Elisabeth, was the wife of Augustus William's brother King Frederick II ("Frederick the Great"). Frederick William became heir-presumptive to the throne of Prussia on his father's death in 1758, since Frederick II had no children. His marriage with Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel, Crown Princess of Prussia, daughter of Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-L�neburg, contracted 14 July 1765 in Charlottenburg, was dissolved in 1769. He then married Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt, daughter of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt on 14 July 1769 also in Charlottenburg. Although he had seven children by his second wife, he had an ongoing relationship with his mistress, Wilhelmine Enke (created Countess Wilhelmine von Lichtenau in 1796), a woman of strong intellect and much ambition, and had five children by her�the first when she was still in her teens.


Frederick William III (German: Friedrich Wilhelm III.)( 3 August 1770 � 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, when the Empire was dissolved.Frederick William was born in Potsdam in 1770 as the son of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. He was considered to be a shy and reserved boy, which became noticeable in his particularly reticent conversations, distinguished by the lack of personal pronouns. On 24 December 1793, Frederick William married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who bore him ten children. In the Kronprinzenpalais (Crown Prince's Palace) in Berlin, Frederick William lived a civil life with a problem-free marriage, which did not change even when he became King of Prussia in 1797. His wife Louise was particularly loved by the Prussian people, which boosted the popularity of the whole House of Hohenzollern, including the King himself. In 1824 Frederick William III remarried (morganatically) Countess Auguste von Harrach, Princess of Liegnitz. They had no children.

Frederick William IV (German: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.)(15 October 1795[3] � 2 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death. Also referred to as the "romanticist on the throne", he is best remembered for the many buildings he had constructed in Berlin and Potsdam, as well as for the completion of the Gothic Cologne Cathedral.Born to Frederick William III by his wife Queen Louise, he was her favourite son.  In 1823 he married Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria. Since she was a Roman Catholic, the preparations for this marriage included difficult negotiations which ended with her conversion to Lutheranism. There were two wedding ceremonies�one in Munich, and another in Berlin. The couple had a very harmonious marriage, but, after a single miscarriage in 1828, it remained childless

Frederick Henry (Dutch: Frederik Hendrik)( 29 January 1584 � 14 March 1647) was the sovereign prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1625 until his death in 1647. The last seven years of his life he also was the stadtholder of Groningen (1640-1647). Frederick Henry was born on 29 January 1584 in Delft, Holland, Dutch Republic. He was the youngest child of William the Silent and Louise de Coligny. Frederick Henry was born six months before his father's assassination on 10 July 1584. The boy was trained to arms by his elder brother Maurice, one of the finest generals of his age. After Maurice threatened to legitimize his illegitimate children if he did not marry, Frederick Henry married his first cousin once removed Amalia of Solms-Braunfels in 1625. His illegitimate son by Margaretha Catharina Bruyns (1595�1625), Frederick Nassau de Zuylestein was born in 1624 before his marriage. This son later became the governor of the young William III of England for seven years.Frederick Henry died on 14 March 1647 in The Hague, Holland, Dutch Republic. He left his wife Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, his son William II, Prince of Orange, four of his daughters, and his illegitimate son Frederick Nassau de Zuylestein. Frederick Henry and his wife Amalia of Solms-Braunfels had nine children, seven daughters and two sons. Four of their children, including one son, died in childhood, leaving Frederick Henry with only a single son as heir. Ultimately, after the death of Frederick Henry's only male-line grandson, the stadtholdership was to pass to a distant agnatic cousin, who was married to Frederick Henry's daughter Albertine Agnes


Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau (full names: Willem Frederik Karel)(28 February 1797� 8 September 1881), was the second son of Willem I of the Netherlands and his wife, Wilhelmine of Prussia. The prince grew up at the court of his grandfather Frederick William II of Prussia and uncle Frederick William III of Prussia Prince Frederick married in Berlin on 21 May 1825 his first cousin Louise, daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia. They had four children

Willem Frederik Nicolaas Albert (22 August 1836� 23 January 1846) son of Prince Frederik of the Netherlands and Princess Louise of Prussia.

Frederick of B�ren (c. 1020�1053), Count in the Riesgau and Swabian Count Palatine

Frederick I (c. 1050 � 1105 before 21 July) was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death, the first ruler from the House of Hohenstaufen (Staufer).He was the son of Frederick of B�ren (c. 1020�1053), Count in the Riesgau and Swabian Count Palatine, with Hildegard of Egisheim-Dagsburg (d. 1094/95), a niece of Pope Leo IX and founder of the Abbey of Saint Faith in Schlettstadt, Alsace. When Frederick succeeded his father, he had Hohenstaufen Castle erected on the eponymous mountain in the Swabian Jura range, which became the ancestral seat of the dynasty.About 1086/87, Frederick married Agnes, daughter of Emperor Henry IV. They had several sons and daughters.


Frederick II (1090 � 6 April 1147), called the One-Eyed, was Duke of Swabia from 1105 until his death, the second from the Hohenstaufen dynasty. His younger brother Conrad was elected King of the Romans in 1138Frederick II was the eldest son of Duke Frederick I of Swabia and his wife Agnes of Waiblingen, a daughter of the Salian emperor Henry IV. He succeeded his father in 1105 and together with his brother Conrad continued the extension and consolidation of the Hohenstaufen estates. With Judith of Bavaria (1103- 22 February 1131), daughter of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria he had 2 (surviving) children and with  Agnes of Saarbr�cken (d. c. 1147),daughter of Frederick, Count of Saarbr�cken he also had 2 (surviving) children.


Frederick Barbarossa (1122 � 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (German: Friedrich I, Italian: Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He was crowned King of Italy on 24 April 1155 in Pavia and emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155 in Rome. Two years later, the term sacrum ("holy") first appeared in a document in connection with his empire. He was later formally crowned King of Burgundy, at Arles on 30 June 1178. He was named Barbarossa by the northern Italian cities which he attempted to rule: Barbarossa means "red beard" in Italian; in German, he was known as Kaiser Rotbart, which means �Caesar Redbeard� in English. The prevalence of the Italian nickname, even in later German usage, reflects the centrality of the Italian campaigns to his career. Historians consider him among the Holy Roman Empire's greatest medieval emperors. Frederick was born in mid-December 1122 in Haguenau, to Frederick II, Duke of Swabia and Judith of Bavaria.Frederick's first marriage, to Adelheid of Vohburg, did not produce any children and was annulled From his second marriage, to Beatrice of Burgundy, he had 11 children.


Frederick IV of Hohenstaufen (1145�1167) was duke of Swabia, succeeding his cousin, Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1152.He was the son of Conrad III of Germany and his second wife Gertrude von Sulzbach and thus the direct heir of the crown, had there been true heredity. However, on his death bed, Conrad III allegedly advised the only two persons present, his nephew Frederick Barbarossa and the bishop of Bamberg, to nominate Frederick Barbarossa; and handed the Imperial insignia to him.Frederick IV married Gertrude of Bavaria. She was a daughter of Henry the Lion and his first wife Clementia of Z�hringen. They had no known children.



Frederick V of Hohenstaufen (Pavia, 16 July 1164 � around 1170) was duke of Swabia from 1167 to his death. He was the eldest son of Frederick I Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy.In April 1165 Frederick was betrothed to Eleanor, daughter of King Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine. The marriage, however, never took place due to Frederick�s early deathIn August 1167, Duke Frederick IV of Swabia died on an Italian campaign. As the only living son of King Conrad III of Germany (uncle and predecessor of Barbarossa) and without any offspring from his short-lived marriage with Gertrude of Bavaria, with him his line died out and his domains were devolved to Barbarossa. The Emperor appointed three-years-old Frederick as the new Duke of Swabia, becoming in Frederick V.After his death, Frederick V's name passed to Barbarossa's third son, who was originally called Conrad, who succeeded his late brother as Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia; in this way, the familiar and leading Staufen name Frederick must be preserved


Frederick VI of Hohenstaufen (February 1167 � 20 January 1191) was duke of Swabia from 1170 until his death at the siege of Acre Born in Modigliana in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, he was the third son of Frederick I Barbarossa and Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy. Originally named Conrad, he took the name of Frederick after the death of his eldest brother Frederick V, Duke of Swabia in 1170; also, he succeeded him as Duke Frederick VI of Swabia, being the sixth in unbroken succession Duke of Swabia with the leading Staufen name of Frederick. In 1181 Frederick VI was betrothed to a seven-years-old daughter of King Valdemar I of Denmark, whose identity is uncertain. After the brother of the bride and new King Canute VI of Denmark refused to give half of her dowry, the Emperor decided to send the princess (who had been living in Germany for five years at the time in preparation for her marriage) back to Denmark in 1187 still a virgin (lat: intacta). The Danish princess could be Ingeborg �whose assumed birth year was around 1175 and would fit with the repudiated child bride�, who later had an unhappy marriage with King Philip II of France


Frederick II (26 December 1194 � 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and Queen Constance of Sicily of the Hauteville dynasty.Born in Jesi, near Ancona, Italy, on 26 December 1194, Frederick was the son of the emperor Henry VI. He was known as the puer Apuliae (son of Apulia). His mother Constance gave birth to him at the age of 40, and Boccaccio related in his De mulieribus claris about the empress: as a Sicilian princess and paternal aunt of William II of Sicily, a prediction that "her marriage would destroy Sicily" led to her confinement in a convent as a nun from childhood to remain celibate and her late engagement to Henry at the age of 30. Some chronicles say that Constance gave birth to him in a public square in order to forestall any doubt about his origin such as son of a butcher. Frederick was baptised in Assisi. At birth Frederick was named Constantine by his mother. This name, a masculine form of his mother's name, served to identify him closely with both his Norman heritage and his imperial heritage (through Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor). It was still his name at the time of his election as King of the Romans. He was only given his grandfathers' names, becoming Frederick Roger (or Roger Frederick), at his baptism when he was two years old. This dual name served the same purpose as Constantine: emphasising his dual heritage. Frederick's birth was accompanied by gossip and rumour on account of his mother's advanced age. According to Albert of Stade and Salimbene, he was not the son of Henry and Constance but was presented to Henry as his own after a faked pregnancy. His real father was variously described as a butcher of Jesi, a physician, a miller or a falconer. Frederick's birth was also associated with a prophecy of Merlin. First wife: Constance of Aragon (1179 � 23 June 1222).Marriage: 15 August 1209, at Messina, Sicily.; 1 son - Second wife: Yolande of Jerusalem (1212 � 25 April 1228).Marriage: 9 November 1225, at Brindisi, Apulia; 2 children - Third wife: Isabella of England (1214 � 1 December 1241). Marriage: 15 July 1235, at Worms, Germany; 4 children


Frederick III (21 September 1415 � 19 August 1493) was Holy Roman emperor from 1452 until his death. He was the fourth king and first emperor of the House of Habsburg. He was the penultimate emperor to be crowned by the pope, and the last to be crowned in Rome. Born at the Tyrolean residence of Innsbruck in 1415, Frederick was the eldest son of the Inner Austrian duke Ernest the Iron, a member of the Leopoldian line of the Habsburg dynasty, and his second wife Cymburgis of Masovia. According to the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg, the Leopoldinian branch ruled over the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, or what was referred to as Inner Austria. Only three of Frederick's eight siblings survived childhood: his younger brother Albert (later to be Albert VI, archduke of Austria), and his sisters Margaret (later the electress of Saxony) and Catherine. In 1424, nine-year-old Frederick's father died, making Frederick the duke of Inner Austria, as Frederick V, with his uncle, Duke Frederick IV of Tyrol, acting as regent. Frederick had five children from his marriage with Eleanor of Portugal