BOHEMIA & MORAVIA COAT OF ARMS of BOHEMIA Bohemia, in current Czech Republic Moravia, in current Czech Republic BORIVOJ I 851-888 Borivoj I was Duke of Bohemia (851 - 888). The head of the Premyslid Czechs who dominated the environs of Prague, Borivoj in c. 870 declared himself kníe (later translated by German scholars as 'Duke') of the Czechs (Bohemians). Borivoj was recognised as such by his overlord Svatopluk I of Great Moravia around 872 who dispatched Bishop Methodius to begin the conversion of the Czechs to Christianity. Borivoj and his wife Saint Ludmila were baptised by Methodius in 874 and the latter especially became an enthusiastic evangelist, although the religion failed to take root among Borivoj's subjects. Around 883 Borivoj was deposed by a revolt in support of his kinsman Strojmir, and restored only with the support of Svatopluk of Moravia. As with most of the early Bohemian rulers, Borivoj is a shadowy figure and exact dates and facts for his reign can never be considered as completely reliable, although several major fortifications and religious foundations are said to have dated from this time. In old Czech legends he is said to be son of a prince of Bohemians called Hostivít. SPYTIHNEV I - c. 1894-915 Spytihnev I (? - 915), Duke of Bohemia (894/895 - 915), was the eldest son of Borivoj I. Spytihnev is known solely for his 895 alliance with Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, (the Diet of Augsburg) separating Bohemia from Great Moravia. Designed to protect Bohemia against the ravages of Magyar raiders, this pact also opened Bohemia to East Frankish Carolingian culture and paved the way for the eventual triumph of Roman Catholicism in Czech spiritual affairs. VRATISLAUS I - c. 888-921 Vratislaus I or Wratislaus I (Czech: Vratislav I) (c.888 – February 13, 921), Duke of Bohemia (915 – 921), was the younger brother of Spytihnev I. By his wife Drahomira, Vratislaus had two sons, Wenceslaus and Boleslaus (also called Boleslaw I). Strezislava, the wife of the important Bohemian nobleman Slavnik (founder of Slavnik's dynasty), is also by some historians supposed to be a daughter of Vratislaus. The Chronicle of Fulda reports that in 900 the Bavarians attacked Moravia in alliance with the Bohemians. Vratislaus died (possibly in 919, although 921 is more often conjectured) in battle against the Magyars. WENCESLAUS I - c. 907-935 Wenceslaus or Wenceslas (Czech: Václav, ) (c. 907 – September 28, 935) was duke (kníe) of Bohemia from 921 until his death. W enceslas is best known in the English-speaking world as the subject of the Christmas carol "Good King Wenceslas". He was the son of Vratislav I, Duke of Bohemia from the Premyslid dynasty. His father was raised in a Christian milieu through his father, Borivoj, who was converted by Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, the "apostles to the Slavs". His mother Drahomíra was the daughter of a pagan tribal chief of Havolans and was baptized at the time of her marriage. Wenceslaus himself is venerated as Saint Wenceslaus and is the main patron saint of the Czech state. In 921, when Wenceslaus was thirteen, his father died and he was brought up by his grandmother, Saint Ludmila, who raised him as a Christian. A dispute between the fervently Christian regent and her daughter-in-law drove Ludmila to seek sanctuary at Tetín Castle near Beroun. Drahomíra, who was trying to garner support from the nobility, was furious about losing influence on her son and arranged to have Ludmila strangled at Tetín on September 15, 921. According to some legends, having regained control of her son, Drahomíra set out to convert him to the old pagan religion. According to other legends she was herself a Christian. About her rule we know nothing. In 924 or 925 Wenceslaus assumed government for himself and had Drahomíra exiled. After gaining the throne at the age of eighteen, he defeated rebellious duke of Kourim named Radslav. He also founded a rotunda consecrated to St Vitus at Prague Castle in Prague, present day St Vitus Cathedral. Early in 929 the joint forces of Arnulf of Bavaria and Henry I the Fowler reached Prague in a sudden attack, which forced Wenceslaus to pledge allegiance to the latter.[clarify] This was materialized in resuming the payment of a traditional tribute which was first imposed already in 806. One of the possible reasons for the attack was the formation of the anti-Saxon alliance between Bohemia, Polabian Slavs and Magyars. In September of 935 (in older sources 929), a group of nobles allied with Wenceslaus's younger brother, Boleslaus (Boleslav I of Bohemia), in a plot to kill the prince. After inviting his brother to the feast of Saints Cosmas and Damian in Stará Boleslav, three of Boleslaus' companions, Tira, Csta and Hnevsa murdered him on his way to church. Boleslaus thus succeeded him as the Duke/Prince (kníe) of Bohemia. According to Cosmas's chronicle, one of Boleslav's sons was born on the day of Wenceslaus's death, and because of the ominous circumstance of his birth the infant was named Strachkvas, which means "a dreadful feast". There are discrepancies in the records regarding the date of Wenceslaus's death. It has been argued that Wenceslaus's remains were transferred to St Vitus's Church in 932, ruling out the later date; however, the year 935 is now favoured by historians as the date of his murder (note: a St. Joseph Catholic Missal, c.1962, gives the date of death in 938). There is a tradition which states that Saint Wenceslaus's loyal servant, Podevin, avenged his death by killing one of the chief conspirators. Podevin was executed by Boleslav. After his death, Wenceslaus was canonised as a saint due to his martyr's death, as well as several purported miracles that occurred after his death. Wenceslaus is the patron saint of the Czech people and the Czech Republic. His feast day is September 28. Since the year 2000, this day is a public holiday in the Czech Republic, celebrated as Czech Statehood Day. In his honour, a statue of Wenceslaus clad in armour on horseback stands in Prague's Václavské námestí (Wenceslaus Square). The sculptor was Josef Václav Myslbek. A memorable parody of this statue, created by David Cerný, hangs in a Lucerna Palace gallery near the square. He is also the patron saint of one of the most architecturally significant churches in Chicago, St. Wenceslaus. BOLESLAV I (THE CRUEL) - c. 935-c. 972 Boleslaus I the Cruel also called Boleslav I (Czech: Boleslav I. Ukrutný) (died July 15, 967 or 972) was the prince of Bohemia from 929 or 935 to his death. His father was Vratislaus I. Boleslav is notorious for the murder of his brother Saint Wenceslas, through which he became prince of Bohemia. Wenceslaus was murdered during a feast, and at precisely that time was Boleslav's son born. He received a strange name: Strachkvas, which meant "a dreadful feast". Being remorseful of what he had done, Boleslav promised to devote his son to religion and educate him as a clergyman. He kept his word. Despite the fratricide, Boleslav is generally respected by Czech historians as an energetic ruler. Citing Wenceslas' religious policies as the cause of Boleslav's fratricide seems unlikely as Boleslav in no way impeded the growth of Christianity in Bohemia, and in fact he actually sent his daughter Mlada, a nun, to Rome to ask permission to make Prague a bishopric. One major policy shift after the death of Wenceslas was regarding Czech-German relations. It is usually asserted that Wenceslas was an obedient client of the German King Henry the Fowler. Boleslav, on the other hand, found himself almost immediately at war with Henry's successor Otto the Great. This conflict, presumably consisting of border raids (the general pattern of warfare in this region at the time) between Boleslav on one side and the margrave of the Ostmark on the other, reached its conclusion in 950 when Boleslav signed a peace with Otto. It cannot be said for certain if Boleslav became a vassal of the German king, but it is known that he led a Czech force in alliance with Otto at the great victory over the Magyars at the Lech river (August 10, 955). He had also helped Otto to crush an uprising of Slavs on the Lower Elbe in 953. Czech historians also claim that Boleslav expanded his power into Silesia, Lusatia, and Moravia, but no dates are given for these alleged conquests. If they did occur, they must have been only transistory gains because Boleslav's successors had to conquer them all over again. Boleslav saw the growth of Polish strength to the north of his borders and he accordingly arranged for his daughter Dubrawka to marry the Piast prince Mieszko I in 965. He had another son named Strachkvas. His wife may have been Biagota. He was succeeded by his son Boleslaus the Pious. BOHEMIA Boleslaus I., 929-967. BOHEMIA Boleslaus I., 929-967. Denar, Prague Mint. 1,03 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1,01 g. Obv: Cross with 3 balls in 3 angles. Obv: Cross with 3 balls in 3 angles. Rev.: Church building. with colums. Rev.: Church building. Very rare! Very fine+ Estimate: 1.000 EUR Rarely seen. Very fine+ condition. Estimate: 1.250 EUR Price realized: 7,000 EUR (approx. 9,862 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Price realized: 5,750 EUR (approx. 7,605 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Boleslaus I. 929-967. Pfennig, Prague mint. 1,31 g. Boleslaus I. 929-967. Pfennig, Prague mint. 1,18 g. Obv.: Cross, in 3 angles a ball; in 1 angle a ring. Obv.: Cross, in 3 angles a ball; in 1 angle a ring. Rev.: Church building. Rev.: Church building. Very fine+ Estimate: 800 EUR Very fine. Estimate: 150 EUR Price realized: 1,150 EUR (approx. 1,621 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 490 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) BOLESLAUS II 9972-999 Boleslaus II the Pious (Czech: Boleslav II. Poboný; c. 920 – February 7, 999) was the duke of Bohemia from 972, a member of the Premyslid dynasty. The son of Boleslaw also called Boleslaus I and Biagota, Boleslaus II became Duke (or Prince) in on his father's death. Boleslaus maintained good relations with the Ottonian German kings, and in 975 supported Otto II during his civil war against Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. In 977, Boleslaus again attacked Bavaria, but on this occasion was barred from annexing any lands by Otto II. Boleslaus' reign is most notable for the foundation of the diocese of Prague in 973. It was placed within the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Mainz. In 982, Vojtech (later known as Saint Adalbert) was appointed to this position until he abandoned his primacy to lead a mission to the Old Prussians in 994. War between Poland and Bohemia was continual in this period and by 990 Boleslaus had occupied Silesia. On September 28, 995, Boleslaus and his confederate Vršovci stormed Libice in southern Bohemia and massacred Slavník's dynasty. This clan had been the main rival of Premyslid power in Bohemia. Boleslaus' brutal triumph ensured the unity of Bohemia under a single ruler. Boleslaus was succeeded by, Boleslaus, his eldest son by his first wife, Adiva, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England. His second son, Wenceslaus, died as an infant, but his two youngest sons, Jaromír and Oldrich, were both later dukes. Boleslaus' second wife was Emma of Melnik. SVU, the organization of Czecho-Slovak emigrants, claims that this king was one of the many European ancestors of U.S. Presidents George H. Bush and George W. Bush. Bohemia Bohemia Boleslaus II., 967-999. Denar, Prague mint. 1,28 g. Boleslaus II., 967-999. Denar, Prague mint. 1,26 g. Obv.: Horizontal sword between foot and cross Obv: Chest-high bust facing. Rev.: Church building with 3 half-moons under the gable. Very rare! Beautiful! Estimate: 750 EUR Price realized: 7,250 EUR (approx. 10,214 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Cross, in the angles - ball, 3 - 3 sprays - arrow ball. Somewhat curved, very beautiful. Very rare. Estimate: 500 EUR Price realized: 3,400 EUR (approx. 4,790 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Boleslaus II., 967-999. Bohemia Boleslaus II., 967-999. Denar, Prague mint. 1,17 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1,22 g. Obv.: 2 horizontal swords, foot above, 3 balls below. Obv.: Hand from heaven between omega and alpha. Rev.: Bird. Very rare! Estimate: 500 EUR Rev: Chest-high bust right, before it a cross. Rare. Estimate: 400 EUR Price realized: 4,300 EUR (approx. 6,058 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Price realized: 850 EUR (approx. 1,198 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Boleslaus II., 967-999. Bohemia Boleslaus II., 967-999. Denar, Prague mint. 0,89 g. Obv.: Hand between arrow and alpha. Rev.: Cross, in 1 angle an arrow point, rings in 3 other angles. A splendid example! Estimate: 400 EUR Denar, Prague mint. 0,91 g. Price realized: 2,400 EUR (approx. 3,381 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Obv.: Cross with ball ends. Rev.: Nnimbate half-figure of Christ right with raised right hand. Very rare! Somewhat curved. Wonderful example. Estimate: 400 EUR Price realized: 4,600 EUR (approx. 6,481 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Boleslaus II. 967-999. Bohemia Boleslaus II. 967-999. Pfennig, Prag. 1,37 g. Pfennig, Prague mint. 0,68 g. Obv.: +OMERIZ RPACA CI Half-figure right, cross before it. Obv.: PRAGACIVITS (retrograde); church. Rev.: +DVX BOLEZLAVS Hand between Omega and Alpha. Imitation of the English pennies of Aethelred. Seldom seen, very beautiful! Estimate: 900 EUR Rev.: Cross, in the angles a ring, a ring, a ball and an arrow head; disfigured Boleslaus leend. Very nice! Estimate: 150 EUR Price realized: 625 EUR (approx. 810 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Price realized: 875 EUR (approx. 1,110 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Boleslaus II. 967-999. Bohemia Boleslaus II. 967-999. Bohemia Boleslaus II. 967-999. Pfennig, Prague mint. 1,15 g. Pfennig in Regensburger styler, Prague mint. 0,97 g. Pfennig, Prague mint. 1,15 g. Obv.: Hand with cross to right. Obv.: Hand of God, cross above, ringlet below. Rev.: Cross, in the angles: Ball, ball, ring and 3 nails. Rev.: Hand of God, cross above, 3 points below. Fine+ Estimate: 100 EUR Reference: Donebauer -, Fiala 171, pl. II, 28 - very rare. EF-VF Price realized: 350 EUR (approx. 425 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 400 EUR Obv.: Church. Rev.: Cross, in the angles a half-circle, and 3 dots. Very seldom seen. Very fine specimen.. Beautiful Patina. Estimate: 750 EUR Price realized: 4,700 EUR (approx. 5,755 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Price realized: 3,450 EUR (approx. 4,590 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) BOLESLAUS III - 999-1002, 1003 Boleslaus III (Czech: Boleslav III. Ryšavý) (died 1037), called the Red(-haired) or the Blind, was the duke of Bohemia from 999 until 1002. He was the "worst of all men who ever sat on the Bohemian throne." The eldest son of Boleslav II the Pious, Boleslav III was a weak ruler in whose chaotic reign Bohemia became a pawn in the long war between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II and Boleslav the Brave, King of Poland. By 1002, a revolt organized by Vršovci grandees (along with Boleslav's son-in-law) forced Boleslav to flee to Germany where he was received by Henry I of Austria. At first Henry ordered his guest's arrest because of some old offence, but soon forgave him and promised support. Boleslav's kinsman Vladivoj took the Czech throne, but he was a drunk and died during the year. After Vladivoj's death the nobles invited Jaromir and Oldrich from exile, the former took the duke's throne. On February 9, 1003, Boleslav the Red was restored to authority with armed support from of Boleslav of Poland. Boleslav's brothers Jaromir and Oldrich fled to Germany and placed themselves under the protection of Henry II. The duke soon undermined his own position by ordering a massacre of his leading nobles, the Vršovci, at Vyšehrad. According to Thietmar, Boleslav slashed to death his son-in-law with his own sword. The tragedy occurred during Lent. Nobles who survived secretly sent messengers to Boleslav of Poland and entreated him to save them. The Polish duke willingly agreed, and invited his Czech namesake to visit him in a castle (probably in Kraków). Boleslav III was trapped. He was blinded and imprisoned, probably dying in captivity some thirty years later. Boleslav, claiming the ducal throne for himself, invaded Bohemia and took Prague without any serious opposition. VLADIVOJ - 1002-1003 Vladivoj (died January 1003) was duke of Bohemia from 1002 to his death. The origins of the Czech duke Vladivoj are unclear. He was probably a Premyslid, or a distant relative. He began to reign in 1002, when the former Czech duke Boleslav III unwillingly ended his own reign. It is said that Vladivoj was an alcoholic, and alcohol was a possible contributor to his death. Bohemia Vladivoj 1002-1003, Prince of Bohemia. 20 mm Denar -Prague mint. 0,70 g Obv.: Cross, in the angles: Ring, 3 dots, ring, -. 5 triangles. VLADIVOI DVX Rev.: Cross, in the angles: Ring, ring, arrow point, ring. PRAGA MIZLETA. . extremely rare, small edge clip, remainder excellent. Mintmasterr Mizleta. Estimate EUR 1000. Price realized: 11,500 EUR (approx. 14,431 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Boleslav IV Chrabrý (The Brave) - 1003-1004 Boleslaw I the Brave (or Valiant) (Polish: Boleslaw I Chrobry; Czech: Boleslav Chrabrý; 967 June 17, 1025), in the past also known as Boleslaw I the Great (Polish: Boleslaw I Wielki), of the Piast Dynasty — son of Mieszko I and of his first wife, the Bohemian princess Dobrawa — ruled as Duke of Poland, 992-1025, and as King of Poland in 1025. In 984 Boleslaw married an unknown daughter of Rikdag (Riddag, Ricdag), Margrave of Meißen. Subsequently he married an unknown woman from Hungary, maybe a daughter of Geza, Grand Duke of Hungary; then Emnilda, daughter of Dobromir, Duke of Lusatia (their daughter Regelinde became the wife of Hermann of Meißen); and lastly Oda, another daughter of the Margrave of Meißen. His wives bore him sons, including Bezprym, Mieszko II and Otton; and a daughter, Mathilde. After his father's death around 992, Boleslaw expelled his father's second wife, Oda von Haldensleben, and her sons, thereby attempting to unite Poland again. In 997 Boleslaw sent Saint Adalbert of Prague to Prussia, on the Baltic Sea, on a mission to convert the heathen Prussians to Christianity — an attempt that would end in Adalbert's martyrdom and subsequent canonization. From his father, he had inherited their principality, centered on Greater Poland, being along the river Warta ("valley of Warta"), and much smaller than modern Poland. By 997, Boleslaw already possessed Silesia and Pomerania (with its chief city, Gdansk) and Lesser Poland (with its chief city, Cracow). In 1002 Boleslaw annexed present-day Moravia, and in 1001 or 1003, parts of present-day Slovakia. In 1000, Emperor Otto III, while on pilgrimage to the tomb of St. Adalbert at Gniezno, invested Boleslaw with the title Frater et Cooperator Imperii ("Brother and Partner in the Empire"). Some historians state that the Emperor also pledged a royal crown to Boleslaw. During that same visit, Otto III accepted Gniezno's status as an archbishopric (see Congress of Gniezno). After the untimely death of the Emperor Otto III at age 22 in 1002, Boleslaw supported Eckard I, Margrave of Meissen for the German throne. When Eckard was assassinated in April, Boleslaw lent his support to Henry IV, Duke of Bavaria, and helped make him King as Henry II. Boleslaw and his father had earlier backed Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, against Otto, and Henry IV was the son of the earlier Henry. With Eckard dead, Boleslaw laid claim to the March of Meissen as a relative of Eckard through marriage, but Henry only acquiesced to give him the March of Lusatia and detach it from Meissen. Henry remained suspicious of Boleslaw for his early support for Eckard and Boleslaw for his part remained committed to extending his own territories at the expense of the Empire. Boleslaw conquered, and made himself Duke of, Bohemia in 1003 - 1004, ruling as Boleslav IV. At the request of his son-in-law Sviatopolk I of Kiev, the Polish duke intervened in Kievan affairs: not only did he expel Yaroslav the Wise from Kiev, but possibly he deployed his troops in Rus' capital for about half a year (see Kiev Expedition of 1018). According to popular legend Boleslaw notched his sword hitting the gate of Kiev (this sword called Szczerbiec is a symbol of polish monarchy). During this campaign Poland re-annexed the Red Strongholds, later called Red Ruthenia, lost by Boleslaw's father in 981. The intermittent wars with the Holy Roman Empire ended with the Peace of Bautzen in 1018, which left Sorbian Meißen and Lusatia in Polish hands. Emperor Henry II obliged Boleslaw to pledge his fealty again in exchange for the lands that he held in fief. After Henry's death in 1024, Boleslaw crowned himself king (1025), thus raising Poland to the rank of a kingdom and being the first Polish king, his predecessors having been "princes". Boleslaw sent an army to aid his friend — also his nephew, son of his sister Sigrid — Canute the Great in his conquest of England. Boleslaw's son, Mieszko II, crowned himself king immediately upon his father's death. Boleslaw was the first Polish king, since it was during his reign that Poland became a kingdom, despite the fact that some Polish rulers before 1295 would never receive a crown. Poland had thus the royal status before their ethnic relatives and neighbors, Bohemia. He was the first Polish ruler that had been baptised at birth, thus the first real Christian ruler of Poland. He founded the independent Polish province of the Church and made Poland a strong power in Europe. Boleslaw for the first time unified all the provinces that subsequently came to comprise the traditional territory of Poland: Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia, Silesia and Pomerania He was a national hero to the Sorbs of Lusatia. Bohemia Boleslaus IV Chrabry 1003-1004, King of Poland, Prince of Bohemia. 19 mm Denar -Prague mint. 0,83 g. Obv.: 3-armed cross with 3 large loops, 3 points in each angle. Rev.: cross, in the angles head of the arrow and three times three points. Extremely rare, edge damage, but very beautiful. Reciprocal “deceit” writing. Estimate EUR 1000. Price realized: 6,000 EUR (approx. 7,529 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Boleslaus IV Chrabry 1003-1004. Pfennig, Prague. 0,82 g. Obv.: +STAhATHERCA, Hand, in right field B< and another character left. Rev.: +RTAERHTEACA, church, under the gable HAEI. Seldom seen. Beautiful! Estimate: 2.500 EUR Bohemia Boleslaus IV Chrabry 1003-1004, Denar (Pfennig), Prague mint Cach 226 - very rare EF Estimate: 5,000 DKK / 670 EUR Price realized: 2,550 EUR (approx. 3,370 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Jaromír of Bohemia 1003, 1004-1012; 1033-1034 Jaromir (died November 4, 1035) was the second son of Boleslaus II the Pious and Emma. In 1003, he rebelled against his elder brother Boleslaus III, who had him emasculated, but was unable to secure the throne which was subsequently taken by Boleslaus the Brave, King of Poland. Jaromir and his brother Oldrich then sought military backing from the German King Henry II. At Merseburg, Jaromir promised to hold Bohemia as a vassal of Henry. This action definitively placed Bohemia within the jurisdiction of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1004, Jaromir occupied Prague with a German army and made himself Duke. The state he regained was a small one, as Polish forces still held Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia. Jaromir's reign—like so many of the other early Czech rulers—was a struggle to regain the lost lands. In 1012, Jaromir was dethroned by Oldrich, and forced once again into exile. In a surprise campaign, Jaromir in turn managed to depose Oldrich (1033) but his second reign was shortlived. A year later Oldrich was restored by his son Bretislaus I. Jaromir was imprisoned at Lysa and died (assassinated by one from the Vršovci) in 1035, a year after his brother. Bohemia Jaromir 1003; 1004-1014; 1033-1034, Fürst von Böhmen. 22 mm Denar -Prague mint. . 0,85 g. Obv.: “RRR/OA” in circle. Rev.: Hand, in the field quartered quadrant. Price realized: 1,700 EUR (approx. 2,065 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Jaromír, 1003, 1004-1012, 1033-1034. 21 mm Denar, Prague mint. 1,45g Obv.: X IAROMIR’ PRAGA, cross, in third angle a ring, the others a ball. Rev.: EDELRED’ REX ANG, church building with EHE, the first E retrograde. Reference: Šmerda 99b. . Seldom seen, nice toning. *NOTE: The reverse lettering indicates it was an imitative issue of England! Estimate: EUR 1500 Price realized: 5,200 EUR (approx. 6,421 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Jaromir, 1003, 1004-1012 and 1033-1034. Denar, Prag. 0,96 g. Obv.: Angular half-figure right between 2 letters. Rev.: Angular half-figure of Saint facing between RR. /Eckiges Heiligenbrustbild v. v. zwischen R - R. Very rare! Very fine. Estimate: 850,00 EUR Price realized: 2,200 EUR (approx. 2,432 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Jaromir, 1003, 1004-1012 und 1033-1034. Denar, Prague? 1,38 g. Obv.: Cross, in one angle a ring; in the other 3 angles 3 balls. Rev.: Nimbate bust of Christ facing between 2 crosses. Very fine. Estimate: 100,00 EUR. Price realized: 425 EUR (approx. 470 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) OLDRICH (ULRICH) - 1012-1033; 1034 Oldrich (also Ulrich or Oldrich) (ca. 975 – 11 November 1034) was the duke of Bohemia from 1012 to 1033 and briefly in 1034. He was a son of Boleslaus II and brother of Boleslaus III and Jaromir. Oldrich deposed Jaromir on 12 April 1012 and recognised the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Emperor. Discarding his wife on the grounds that they were childless, Oldrich married a peasant woman known as Bozena. Oldrich and his son Bretislaus sought to win back Moravia from the Poles and in 1029 Bretislaus drove the Poles out of the eastern lands. Bretislaus' efforts in Slovakia against Hungary failed in 1030 because of the jealousy of the Emperor Conrad II. In the following year, Czech forces refused to take the field for the emperor. In 1032, Oldrich was invited to the Diet of Merseburg and did not appear. His absence raised the ire of the emperor and Conrad, busy with events in Burgundy, charged his son Henry VI, Duke of Bavaria, with punishing the recalcitrant Bohemian. Oldrich made subjection and was deposed and sent to Bavaria. He was replaced by Jaromir, but he in turn was captured, blinded, and deposed by Oldrich, who seized power again and drove out Jaromir's son from Moravia. Oldrich died abruptly on 9 November 1034 and later examination of his skeleton reveal his skull to have suffered a fatal blow. Jaromir then renounced the throne in favour of Bretislaus. Bohemia Bohemia Ulrich 1012-1034, Prince of Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. 22 mm. Denar -Prague mint. 0,78 g Denar, Prague mint. 0,77 g. Obv.: Cross; in the angles: 3 dots, wedge, 3 dots, ring. Obv.: O cross O - under roof of church. Rev.: WEcEZ / LAVS between bow and lines. Rev.: Chest-high picture of saint. A splendid example, like newly made! Reference: Smerda 128a, Estimate: 125,00 EUR. Price realized: 380 EUR (approx. 420 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Seldom seen, beautiful specimen. Estimate EUR 250. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 402 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, 1012 - 1034. Bohemia Ulrich, 1012 - 1034. 22 mm Denar, Prague mint. 0,99g 21 mm. Denar, Prague mint. 0,96g. Obv.: ODALRI CVSDVX., in center field in circle, PRA / GA. Rev: :DE.X.TR .A DIE, Hand. Obv.: ODALRICVS:DVX., crowned bust right, 12 strands of hair. Rev.: +ODALRICVS: DV ( C retrograde!), cross, in the angles ring, 3 bals, ring, arrow point. Reference: Šmerda 127a var., seldom seen. Fine toning, very fine. Reference: Šmerda 129a var., Scarce, fine toning. Estimate: EUR 1000 Price realized: 4,500 EUR (approx. 5,556 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 500. Price realized: 330 EUR (approx. 407 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, 1012 - 1034. Bohemia Ulrich, 1012 - 1034. 20 mm. Denar, Prague. 1,13g 20 mm. Denar, Prague mint. 0,88g. Obv.: Facing bust of Duke with 2 crosses. Obv.: Facing bust of duke, with flag and cross Rev.: Bust of St. Wenceslaus left, hand raised. Rev.: Bust of St. Wenceslaus facing, with 2 croziers.Reference: Šmerda 134a. Beautiful! Reference: Šmerda 135, fine toning, very fine! Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 250 EUR (approx. 309 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 220 EUR (approx. 272 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, 1012 - 1034. 21 mm. Denar, Prague mint. 1,11g. Bohemia Ulrich,Prince of Bohemia 1012-1033 und 1034 Obv.: Enthroned Duke with flag. Rev.: Bust of St. Wenceslais left, hand raised; ball before, 3 balls behind. Reference: Šmerda 137, Nnice! Estimate: EUR 300 Denar, Prague mint. 0,75 g. Obv.: :VDALRIC··VS: church front. DVX: between gable and base. Rev.: SCS / WENCEZ / LAVS between bow, line and base. Reference: Donebauer 215 var. Damaged, some encrustation. Estimate: CHF 50.- Price realized: 50 CHF (approx. 40 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, Prince of Bohemia 1012-1033 and 1034 Denar, Prague mint. 0,82 g. Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Obv.: +VDLL – RICVS; Duke entrhoned, facing, with flag in the right hand. Denar, 1012-1034, Prague mint,. 0,86 g. Obv.: Crowned h ead right Rev.: S C S VVENCEZLLVS; bust left with left arm raised. 3 balls on his back. Beautiful! Estimate: CHF 400. Price realized: 1,000 CHF (approx. 810 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Rev.: 3 lines of writing between bow and base. Beautiful patina and condition. Estimate: 250 EUR. Price realized: 575 EUR (approx. 733 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich 1012-1037. Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Pfennig, Prague mint. 0,82 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,91 g. Obv.: +ODALRICVS:DV - strongly stylized bust of saint. Obv.: Cross, in the angles: 3 balls, wedge, 3 balls, ring. Rev.: Saint’s bust facing. Estimate: 250 EUR. Price realized: 550 EUR (approx. 775 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: +ODALRICVS:DV - cross, in 2 angles 3 balls; wedge and ring in other 2 angles. Exceptional example. Estimate: 400 EUR. Price realized: 525 EUR (approx. 666 U.S. Dollars as of auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Denar, Prague mint. 1,02 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,95 g. Obv.: Facing bust with flag. Obv.: Crowned head right/3 lines of writing between arch and base. Rev.: Hand out of heavenly cloud. Exceptional example! Estimate: 300 EUR. Price realized: 750 EUR (approx. 1,057 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Dark patina. Slight weakness at edge. Nice! Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 600 EUR (approx. 845 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Denar, Prague mint. 0,91 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1,22 g. Obv.: Church building with DVX between gable and base. Obv.: Chest-high bust with 2-part flags facing. next to a cross. Rev.: 3 lines of writing between door arch and base. Rev.: Chest-high bust facing with cross, cross to right. Dark toning, beautiful! Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 700 EUR (approx. 986 U.S. Dollars as of auction date) Toning, attractive patina. Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 300 EUR (approx. 423 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Denar, Prague mint. 1,12 g. Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1034. Pfennig, Prague mint, 1,07 g. Obv.: Crowned chest-high bust with 2 hair strands. Obv. Bust facing. Rev.: Cross, in the angles: ring, 3 dots, ring, crown. Rev.: Bust of St. Wenceslaus. Beautiful toning. Exceptional example! Estimate: 300 EUR. Price realized: 850 EUR (approx. 1,198 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Denar, Prag. 1,20 g. Very fine. Estimation DM 250. Price realized: 360 DEM (approx. 163 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Denar, Prague mint. 1,11 g. Obv.: Entrhoned Duke facing with flag in the right hand. Facing chest-high bust with 2 crosses. Rev.: Chest-high bust of St. Wencelslause left, left arm raised. . Ref.: Graz 1979, 75 var. Estimate: 250 EUR. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 423 U.S. Dollars as of auction date) Rev.: Bust of St. Wenceslaus left, raised left arm. Feine Patina, nice! Estimation: DM 200. Price realized: 280 DEM (approx. 130 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich, 1012-1033, 1034. Denar, Prague mint. 0,85 g. Obv.: Entrhoned duke with flag in the right hand. Rev.: Chest-high bust of St. Wenceslaus left, left hand raised. Beautiful! Estimate: 200 EU. Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 537 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich 1012-1037. Pfennig. 1,07 g. Obv.: ODALRICVS DVX ; chest-high bust facing, with flag and cross. Rev.: SCSVENCESLAVS. Chest-high bust facing holding cross in left hand; cross at right. Scarce. Estimate: 250 EUR. Price realized: 230 EUR (approx. 304 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Ulrich 1012-1037. Pfennig, Prague mint. 0,93 g. Obv.: ODALRICVS:DVX crowned bust right, 12 strands from head. Rev.: +ODALRICVS:DV; cross, rings in 2 opposite angles; 3 dots and 3 nails. Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 170 EUR (approx. 216 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) BRETISLAUS I - 1035-1055 Bretislaus I (Czech: Bretislav) (born between 1002 and 1005, died 10 January 1055), known as The Bohemian Achilles, of the house of the Premyslids, was the duke of Bohemia from 1035 till death. Bretislaus was a son of duke Oldrich and his would-be wife Boena. In 1019, at Schweinfurt, he kidnapped his future wife Judith of Schweinfurt (Jitka), a daughter of a Bavarian magnate, margrave Henry of Schweinfurt of Nordgau. During his father’s reign, in 1029, he took back Moravia from Poland. About 1031 Bretislaus invaded Hungary in order to prevent its expansion under king Stephen. The partition of Bohemia between Oldrich and his brother Jaromir in 1034 was probably the reason why Bretislaus fled beyond Bohemian border only to come back to take the throne after Jaromir’s abdication. In 1035 Bretislaus helped Emperor Conrad II in his war against the Lusatians. In 1039 he invaded Little and Great Poland, captured Poznan and sacked Gniezno, bringing the relics of St Adalbert back with him. On the way back he conquered part of Silesia including Wroclaw. His main goal was to set up an archbishopric in Prague and create a large state subject only to the Holy Roman Empire. In 1040 the German King Henry III invaded Bohemia but was forced to retreat after he lost the battle at Brudek. However, the following year Henry III. invaded again, skirted the border defences and laid siege to Bretislaus in Prague. Forced by a mutiny among his nobles and betrayed by his bishop, Bretislaus had to renounce all of his conquests save for Moravia. In 1047 Emperor Henry III negotiated a peace treaty between Bretislaus and the Poles. This pact worked in Bretislaus' favour as the Polish ruler swore never again to attack Bohemia in return for an annual subsidy to Gniezno. In 1054 Bretislaus issued the famous Seniority Law. Bretislaus I of Bohemia is kidnapping his future wife Judith of Schweinfurt from a monastery. For the first time this act stated that Bohemia From the Chronicle of Dalimil. and Moravia would pass directly through the senior line of the Premyslid dynasty. Younger members of the dynasty were allowed to govern Moravia, but only at the Duke's discretion. Bretislaus was the author of decrees concerning the rules of Christianization, which included a ban on polygamy or trade on holidays. Bretislaus died at Chrudim in 1055 during his preparation for another invasion of Hungary and was succeeded by his son Spytihnev II. It was in 1030 that he married the aforementioned Judith. Before his death, Bretislaus organised the succession. His eldest son, Spytihnev, was to succeed him as duke of Bohemia with control over that territory. Moravia was put under the Bohemian crown, but divided between three of his younger sons. Olomouc went to Vratislaus, Znojmo went to Conrad, and Brno went to Otto. The youngest son, Jaromir, entered the church and became bishop of Prague. Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, 0,89 g. Obv.: 2 figures facing each other with long scepter between them. Rev.: Decorative cross. Reference: C:312, Doneb:505; ver minor damage. Beautiful! Estimate: EUR 120. Price realized: 240 EUR (approx. 288 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, 1,05 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,92 g. Obv.: Bust between horses’ heads. Obv.: BRLCIZLLVSDVX, bust facing left with flag. Rev.: Hand of God. Rev.: SCSWEN – CEZLLVS Enthroned Saint facing in long garb, holding cross in right hand; second cross in field right. Reference: C:319. Beaautiful! Reference: Cach 317. Donebauer 267 var. Hohenkubin 106ff. Patina! FDC! Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 190 EUR (approx. 228 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: CHF 500. Price realized: 1,200 CHF (approx. 972 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1050/1055) 1,00 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1050/1055) 1,09 g. Obv.: BPLCIZLLVSDVX Bust facing between 2 dots. Obv.: BPLCZLLVSDVX In a circle, bust facing with raised right hand. Rev.: SCSWENCEZLLVS Bust right with cross-staff. Rev. SCSWENCEZLLS In a circle, bust right with raised hand. Reference: Cach 322. Donebauer 283 var. Hohenkubin 116ff. VF. Reference: Cach 324. Donebauer 582 var. Hohenkubin 123ff. Beautiful! Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 80 CHF (approx. 65 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 80 CHF (approx. 65 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 1,04 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 1,07 g. Obv.: Cross, arms made into additional crosses. Obv.: Rider riding left. Rev.: Bust facing wearing double-triangle hat; with rasied hands. Rev.: Bust facing with row of buttons and shoulder folds. Reference: Cach 310; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 82. Beautiful toning, XF. Reference: Cach 311; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 89. Some light striking, VF. Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 190 EUR (approx. 268 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 250 EUR. Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 564 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 0,92 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 0,97 g. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing with cross. Obv.: Duke stands facing with flag on lance. Rev.: Peacock. Rev.: Bust left with cross-staff. Reference: Cach 313; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 100. Excellent example! Reference: Cach 316; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 101. Attractive example with beautiful patina! Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 210 EUR (approx. 296 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 600 EUR (approx. 845 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 1,14 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 0,87 g. Obv.: 3/4-bust left with flag. Obv.: Cross, an anchor cross in each angle. Rev.: Saint enthroned facing with cross, in field at right a cross. Rev.: Head left. Reference: Cach 317; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 104. Beautiful example with great patina! Reference: Cach 318; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 280 EUR (approx. 394 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 650 EUR (approx. 916 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1050-1055) 0,95 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 1,04 g. Obv.: Facing bust between dots Obv.: Bust facing with raised hand. Rev.: Half-bust right with cross. Rev.: Bust right with raised hand. Reference: Cach 322; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 119. Reference: Cach 324; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 123. Beautiful! Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 260 EUR (approx. 366 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Olmütz mint. (1037-1050) 0,97 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 0,99 g. Obv.: Hand of God. Obv.: 2 figures stand facing each other, holding long scepter between. Rev.: Double-lined cross with half-moons at end of arms. Reference: Cach 312; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 95. Slight rim damage, excellent condition. Reference: Cach 300; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 77. VF. Slight curve. Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 180 EUR (approx. 238 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 900 EUR (approx. 1,268 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 1,06 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 1,09 g. Obv.: Rider riding left. Obv.: Half-bust facing; dot on each side. Rev.: Half-bust facing with row of buttons and shoulder folds. Right hand raised in front of him. Rev.: Half-bust right with cross. Reference: Cach 322; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 116.Beautiful patina, XF! Reference: Cach 311; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 89. R Vorzüglich Estimate: 250,00 EUR. Price realized: 380 EUR (approx. 420 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 60,00 EUR. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 122 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 0,94 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) 0,67 g. Obv.: Cross, circle in center; each arm made into another cross. Obv.: Rider riding left. Rev.: Bust facing with double triangle hat and raised hands. Rev.: 3/4-Bust facing with row of buttons and shoulder folds. Reference: Cach 310; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 82. Pretty patina. XF. Reference: Cach 311; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 89. Slight rim damage, VF. Estimate: 125,00 EUR. Price realized: 165 EUR (approx. 203 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 220 EUR (approx. 295 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1050-1055) 1,00 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037-1050) Obv.: Bust facing, point on each side. Obv.: 3/4 bust left with flag. Rev.: Bust with cross facing right. Rev.: Standing saint faces, corss in righ thand, corss in right field. Reference: Cach 322; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 119. Stempelglanz Reference: Fiala 267. EF Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 190 EUR (approx. 255 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 130 EUR. Price realized: 255 EUR (approx. 337 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, (1037-1050) Denar, (1037-1050) Obv.: Half-bust facing with raised hands. Obv.: Half-bust facing with raised hands. Rev.: 4 crosses around central ring. Rev.: 4 crosses around central ring. Reference: Cach 310, toned. EF-VF Reference: Cach 310. EF Estimate: 130 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 211 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 130 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 173 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Olmütz mint. (1028/34) 22 mm 0,95 g. Mintmaster Vsebor. Denar, Prague mint. (1037/1050) 21 mm 0,91 g. Obv.: Hand, BRACISLAV+ (retograde and runnign backwards). Obv.: Peacock left. Rev.: Double-line cross, a C in each angle. Rev.: Bsut left with cross, Wing with five feathers. Reference: Cach 300 var., Smerda 310a var., Slg. Hohenkubin 77 var., Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce. So far only know with “Deceit” writing. VF. Reference: Cach 313, Slg. Dietiker -, Slg. Hohenkubin 96. Some damage, but VF. Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 230 EUR (approx. 289 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. 168 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037/50) 22 mm 0,91 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037/50) 22 mm 1,06 g. Obv.: Half-bust facing with triangle hat and raised hands. Obv.: Rider with shouldered flag riding left. BRA-ICIZL-AVDVX Rev.: 4 crosses around central ring. Rev.: Half-bust of St. Wenzelslaus facing; VENCEZLAVS Reference: Cach 310, Smerda 145a, Slg. Hohenkubin 81ff, Slg. Dietiker 15(var.). Reference: SCS. Cach 311, Smerda 146, Slg. Hohenkubin 89, Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce! Beautiful! Estimate EUR 120. Price realized: 155 EUR (approx. 195 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 200. Price realized: 340 EUR (approx. 427 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037/50) 23 mm 1,15 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037/50) 22 mm 1,02 g. Obv.: Duke stands facing with flag. Obv.: 3/4-bust of duke with flag to left. BRACIZLAVS DVX Rev.: Half bust with cross facing left. WENCEZLAVS SCS. Rev.: Enthroned saint with cross in right hand;, another cross in field right. SCSWEN-CEZLAVS. Reference: Cach 316, Smerda 149a, Slg. Hohenkubin 103, Slg. Dietiker -. Dark patina, beautiful! Reference: Cach 317, Smerda 150, Slg. Hohenkubin 104, Slg. Dietiker 16. 1,02 g Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 210 EUR (approx. 264 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 163 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037/55) 21 mm 1,10 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1050/55) 19 mm 0,93 g. Obv.: Bust facing between 2 horses’ heads. BRACIZLAVS.DVX Obv.: Bust facing with raised hand. BRACIZLAUS DVX Rev.: Hand of God, SCSWENCEZLAVS. Rev.: Bust facing left with raised hand. SCS WENCEZLAS. Reference: Cach 319, Smerda 151, Slg. Hohenkubin 112, Slg. Dietiker -. Lightly curved, small cut, good VF. Reference: Cach 324, Smerda 154a, Slg. Hohenkubin 123, Slg. Dietiker -. Dark patina. Beautiful! Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 220 EUR (approx. 276 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 201 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, (1037/55) 1,00 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037/55) 0,84 g. Obv.: Bust of duke facing, between points. +BRACIZLAVS DVX Rev.: Bust of St. Wenzel with cross-staff, facing right. SCS WENCEZLAUS Obv.: WENCEZNVS; bust with raised hands facing. Rev.: +BRACISLAV; 4 crosses around a ring. Reference: 1Cach e322. Slg. Doneb. 283. Slg. Bonh. 2079. Beautiful! Reference: Cach 310, Auktion Lanz XIII 82. Rim damage, slight weakness in strike, but beautiful! Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 90 EUR (approx. 121 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 125 EUR. Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Bretislaus I.-1028-1055 Denar, Prague mint. (1037/55) 1,14 g. Denar, Prague mint. (1037/55) 1,05 g. Obv.: 2 men facing each other; holding long scepter between them. Obv.: 2 men facing each other; holding long scepter between them. Rev.: Decorative cross. Rev.: Decorative cross. Reference: Cach 312. Beautiful! Reference: Cach 312. Parts weakly struck; small rim damage. Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 226 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 155 EUR (approx. 197 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Spytinew II - 1055-1061 Spytihnev II (also Spitihnew or Spytihnev) (1031 – 28 January 1061) was the duke of Bohemia from March 1055 until his death in 1061. He was the eldest son of Bretislaus I. His coronation was celebrated with the first known rendition of Lord, Have Mercy on Us. After succeeding to the throne, he went at once to Regensburg to receive imperial confirmation. This loyalty to the Holy Roman Empire did not prevent him from expelling all Germans from his lands. This new anti-German policy continued to his death. The Investiture Controversy impending, Pope Victor II sought the alliance of the Bohemian duke. Thus, Rome granted the right to Spytihnev of wearing the mitre and tunic of a bishop for the annual sum of 100 marks. His brothers having inherited Moravia, Spytihnev tried to reduce their authority by arresting 300 Moravian magnates and stripping his brothers of their rights in the province. Thus, Vratislaus of Olomouc fled to Hungary in 1058. Spytihnev was succeeded by Vratislaus, who in turn entrusted Moravia to his brother Conrad. His son Swatobor entered the church and became Patriarch of Aquileia. Bohemia Bohemia Spytihnev II. 1055-1061 Spytihnev II. 1055-1061 Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 0,81 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,70 g. Obv.: Duke stands facing with spear. XSPITIGEV DVX Obv.: Duke stands facing with spear. XSPITIGEV DVX Rev.: Standing saint facing, with cross. SCSW-ENCEZS. Rev.: Saint facing left with cross. Reference: Cach 330, Smerda 155a, Slg. Hohenkubin 127, Slg. Dietiker 20. Fine patina. Beauatiful! Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 201 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 330; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 128. Minor damage on obverse, VF+. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 100 EUR (approx. 141 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Spytihnev II. 1055-1061 Spytihnev II. 1055-1061 Denar, Prague mint. 1,04 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,91 g. Obv.: Duke stands facing with shield and spear. Obv.: Duke stands facing with lance. Rev.: Bust left with cross. Rev.: Saitn stands left, holding cross. Reference: Cach 331; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 131. Kl. Weakly struck around edges, but beautiful! Reference: Cach 330, Donebauer 296 var., Lanz Graz XIII 128. Slightly curved, VF+ Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 155 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 180 EUR (approx. 238 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Vratislav II. 1061-1092 Vratislaus II or Wratislaus II (Czech: Vratislav II) (died 14 January 1092), the son of Bretislaus I and Judith, daughter of Henry of Schweinfurt, was the first King of Bohemia from 15 June 1085. The royal title was a grant, however, from the Holy Roman Emperor and was not hereditary. Before being raised to kingship, he had ruled Bohemia as duke since 1061. He was one of the greatest of medieval Czech rulers. On his father's death in 1055, Vratislaus became duke of Olomouc. He fell out with his brother Spytihnev II and was exiled to Hungary. Vratislaus regained his Moravian ducal throne with Hungarian assistance and eventually reconciled with his brother and succeed him in the dukeship of all Bohemia and Moravia. Vratislaus was, from the beginning, a vassal and ally of the Emperor Henry IV. He supported Henry in both the Investiture Controversy and the rebellions in Saxony which dominated his long reign. Pope Gregory VII, having already gained the support of Boleslaus II of Poland, was keen on roping in the duke of Bohemia to surround the emperor with adversaries fighting for the church. The pope confirmed Vratislaus in the privilege of wearing the mitre and tunic which his predecessors had had. The pope also expressed gratitude for the regular payment of tribute to the Holy See. Vratislaus was often at odds with his brother Jaromir, the bishop of Prague, and he wore his religious vestments around the bishop to irritate him. Jaromir, for his part, ignored the creation of a new Moravian diocese by Vratislaus in 1063. Jaromir even went so far as to take by arms the relics removed from Prague to Moravia. Despite the pope's support for Vratislaus' new see, the Bohemian duke was unswayed in his allegiance to the Empire. The Saxons revolted under their Duke Magnus and Otto of Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria, in 1070 and Boleslaus of Poland attacked Bohemia in 1071. In August 1073, Henry responded with an invasion of Poland, but a new Saxon revolt drew him back in 1075. Vratislaus joined him and they defeated the rebels on June 9 at the First Battle of Langensalza. The Bohemian troops showed conspicuous bravery. Henry then took Jaromir to Germany to be his chancellor by the name of Gebhard and Vratislaus was greatly relieved. Vratislaus coveted the largely Slavic marches of Meissen and Lusatia, but, in spite of Henry's promises and Bohemian successes against the rebellious margraves, he never received them. Vratislaus always obediently returned any territory conquered from Poland or the margraviates to the emperor. Between 1075 and 1086, he held some land in Lower Lusatia in hopes that eventually Henry would confirm it in his possession permanently, but in 1088, with the insurrection of Egbert II of Meissen, Henry granted the region to Henry of Ostmark. Vratislaus was thereafter cool to Henry's military adventures. He never adjusted his loyalty, but he abstained from giving the emperor martial aid. It was a Premyslid tradition that Moravia would be entrusted to the younger brothers of the ruling prince. In Vratislaus' case, his two younger brothers Conrad and Otto inherited Brno and Olomouc and the youngest, Jaromir, entered the church. However, enmity grew between the brothers. It was then that Vratislaus founded the diocese of Olomouc, under the Archbishopric of Mainz, to counter Otto's authority within his province. Both pope and emperor took a hand in refereeing the conflict, which was partially fixed with Henry's appointment of Jaromir as chancellor in 1077. In April 1085, a reichstag convened in Mainz suppressed the Moravian see and, but Vratislaus later refounded the see. Jaromir protested in Rome to Pope Urban II, but died in 1090. Sadly for Vratislaus, his last years were occupied by dynastic quarrelling. When his brother Otto died in 1086, he gave Olomouc to his son Boleslaus, which was seen to be an act against the interests of Conrad. Vratislaus raised an army against Conrad and sent it out under his other son Bretislaus. Instead, this son turned on him. Vratislaus, in keeping with Czech custom, designated an heir: Conrad. Thus reconciled with his surviving brother, the two demolished Bretislaus, who fled to Hungary. Vratislaus died of a hunting wound on January 14, 1092, after a reign of thiry years. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Denar, Prague mint. 17 mm 0,77 g Denar, Prague mint. 16 mm 0,71 g Denar, Prague mint. 16 mm 0,77 g Obv.: Bust facing, with flag. VRATISLAV DVX Obv.: Bus with flag left. ATIZLAV DV Obv.: Enthroned Duke with scepter facing, SWRATIZLA (retograde and backwards) Rev.: Bust left with cross. +SCSWECESVS. Rev.: Bust right. +SCSNCCCSVS. Reference: Cach 345, Smerda 157, Slg. Hohenkubin 142, Slg. Dietiker -. Fine patina, beautiful! Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 220 EUR (approx. 276 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Bust facing with tiara, SWENCEZLAS Reference: Cach 346, Smerda 158, Slg. Hohenkubin (retograde and backwards). 149 var., Slg. Dietiker 21 var. Fine patina! Nice! Reference: Cach 347, Smerda 159a, Slg. Hohenkubin Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 110 EUR 150, Slg. Dietiker -. Small test cut, Nice! (approx. 138 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Denar, Prague mint. 16 mm 0,69 g Denar, Prague mint. 16 mm 0,65 g Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 0,77 g Obv.: Crowned hear facing, WRATIZLVS Obv.: Facing head on throne, WRATIZLVS (retrograde and backwards) Obv.: Arm with scepter. WRATIZLV (retrograde and backwards) Rev.: Bust with scepter to right. SWENCEZLV (retrograde and backwards) Rev.: Head right, SWENCEZLV (retrograde and backwards) Reference: Cach 350, Smerda 161, Slg. Hohenkubin 155, Slg. Dietiker -. Beautiful! Reference: Cach 353, Smerda 164a, Slg. Hohenkubin 165, Slg. Dietiker -. Beautiful! Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Arm with lance. WENCEZLVS. Reference: Cach 348, Smerda 160a, Slg. Hohenkubin 153, Slg. Dietiker -. Small test cut, nice! Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Vratislav II. 1061-1092, Prince & King of Bohemia Denar, Prague mint. 18 mm 0,56 g Denar, Prague mint. 0,75 g Obv.: Crowned head right over double arch with 2 points below it, SWRATIZLV Obv.: Duke with scepter on throne. Rev.: Facing ust with tiara. Rev.: Hand with flag coming out of chapel, WENCEZLV-S. Reference: Cach 347, Auktion Lanz XIII 151. Beautiful! Reference: Cach 354, Smerda 165a, Slg. Hohenkubin 172, Slg. Dietiker 23. Beautiful! Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 55 EUR (approx. 69 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Bretislaus II. & Wratislaus II., Co-Rule in Brünn Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. und Wratislaus II., ca. 1092. Bretislaus II. und Wratislaus II., ca. 1092. Bretislaus II. und Wratislaus II., ca. 1092. Denar, Brünn mint. 0,51 g Denar, Brünn mint. 0,52 g Denar, Brünn mint. 0,57 g Obv.: WRATZIVVS Bearded head facing. Obv.: WPATZIVVS, bearded head facing. Obv.: Head facing. Rev.: I – 3IDLCIZVLVSDVX Bust with cross right. Rev.: I – 3IDLCIZVLVSDVX Bust with cross right. Rev.: Bust with cross-staff right. Referebce: Cach 381. Donebauer 330ff. Hohenkubin 214ff. Good VF. Reference: Cach 381; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 214ff. VF. Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 110 CHF (approx. 89 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. 169 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 381. Donebauer 330ff. Hohenkubin 214ff. Beautiful coin! Estimate: CHF 300. Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. und Wratislaus II., ca. 1092. Bretislaus II. und Wratislaus II., ca. 1092. Denar, Brünn mint. 16 mm 0,54 g Denar, Brünn mint. 17 mm 0,48 g Obv.: Bearded head facing. Obv.: Bearded head facing. Rev.: Bust with cross facing right. Rev.: Bust with cross facing right. Reference: Cach 381, Slg. Dietiker -, Slg. Hohenkubin 214ff var. Weakly struck at edges, but beautiful! Reference: Cach 381, Smerda 452, Slg. Hohenkubin 214, Slg. Dietiker -. Some rim damage, but beautiful! Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 70 EUR (approx. 85 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Ota I - 1061-1087 In 1019, Moravia was captured by Bretislav I of Bohemia, who was then serving as a prince under his father, Oldrich. Bretislav ruled Moravia until 1035, whereupon he succeeded his father as duke of Bohemia. At that time, Bretislav organized his dynasty. His eldest son, and heir, would rule the traditional territories of Bohemia, while his other sons ruled Moravia, which was divided between them as quasi-independant principalities. Ota was given the strategically important town of Brno and its surroundings. MORAVIA. Ota I Sli n . 1061-1087. AR Denar (15mm, 0.64 g,). Olmütz mint. +D S ITT , cross pommée; small left-facing heads in angles / +NISTX CES, manus Dei. Cach 369; Smerda 328a; Donebauer 367. EF, toned. Ex Prof. de Wit Collection; Numismatica Wien 9 (20 November 1975), lot 1010. US$ 595.00 Konrad I. - 1092 1054-1092 in Moravia Conrad I of Brno (Czech: Konrád I. Brnenský) (died 6 September 1092) was the duke of Bohemia for eight months in 1092. He was the brother and successor of Vratislaus II (died 14 January 1092). He was the third son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt. He did not succeed as king because his brother had only been lifted to the royal dignity ad personam by the Emperor Henry IV and that title was therefore not hereditary. Before he became duke of Bohemia, he had long ruled over Moravia, as junior sons typically did, as duke of Brno and Znojmo (since 1054). By his marriage to Wilpirk of Tenling, he had two children: Oldrich (or Ulrich), prince of Brno from 1092 to 1097 and from 1100 to his death on 11 November 1115 Luitopld, prince of Znojmo from 1092 to 1097 and from 1100 to his death on 15 March 1113 He was succeeded as duke by his nephew Bretislaus. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Konrad von Mähren 1054-1092 Duke in Brünn Konrad von Mähren 1054-1092 Duke in Brünn Konrad von Mähren 1054-1092 Duke in Brünn Denar, Brünn mint. (1061/1092) 15 mm 0,50 g Denar, Brünn mint. (1061/1092) 15 mm 0,60 g Denar, Brünn mint. (1061/1092) 16 mm 0,55 g Obv.: Facing head with cap. Obv.: Bust facing with broad beard, between 2 seat backs. Obv.: SVELZWI Prince with spear standing to left. Rev.: Bust right. Rev.: Mmitered head facing . Reference: Cach 361, Slg. Hohenkubin 189 (this ecample!!), Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce, VF. Reciprocal deceit writing. Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 223 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 364, Slg. Hohenkubin 193 (dieses Exemplar!), Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce! Nice! Reciprocal deceit writing. Estimate EUR 120. Price realized: 300 EUR (approx. 419 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Head facing between points; deceit writing around. Reference: Cach 365, Slg. Hohenkubin 196 (This example!), Slg. Dietiker -. Rare, VF & Beautiful! Estimate EUR 150. Price realized: 340 EUR (approx. 475 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Konrad von Mähren 1054-1092 Duke in Brünn Konrad von Mähren 1054-1092 Duke in Brünn Konrad von Mähren 1054-1092 Duke in Brünn Half-Denar, Brünn mint. (1061/1092) 0,42 g Denar, Brünn mint. (1061/1092) 0,54 g Denar, Brünn mint. (1061/1092) 0,65 g Obv.: Cross between 2 towers, balls each outer side of towers. Obv.: Bearded bust facing, between 2 seat backs. Obv.: Head with cap facing. Rev.: Mitered head facing. Rev.: Bust facing right. Reference: Cach 364; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 192. Rare! Beautiful! Reference: Cach 361; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 187. Scarce. VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 180 EUR (approx. 238 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 360 EUR (approx. 483 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Church building with 3 towers. Reference: Cach 367; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 199 (this example!). R Kl. Small rim break, VF+ Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 170 EUR (approx. 240 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Konrad I. and Otto I. 1055-1061, Dual Reign in Brünn (Moravia) *Otto was the younger brother of Konrad I. Bohemia Konrad I. and Otto I. 1055-1061, Shared Rule in Brünn Denar, Brünn mint. 15 mm 0,70 g Obv.: +DVSCONRAT - Bust facing. Rev.: OTTOVXS (retrograde D)+ ; bust with spear to right. Reference: Cach 360, Slg. Hohenkubin 186 (This example!), Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce, m inimal damage. Beautiful! Estimate EUR 120. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 447 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Konrad I. and Otto I. 1055-1061, Shared Rule in Brünn Denar, Brünn mint. 0,76 g Obv.: Bust facing. Rev.: Bust with spear to right. Reference: Cach 360; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 185. VF+ Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 450 EUR (approx. 634 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) BRETISLAUS II. - 1092-1100 Bretislaus II (Czech: Bretislav II; c. 1060–December 22, 1100) was the duke of Bohemia from 14 September 1092 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Vratislaus II and Adelaide, daughter of Andrew I of Hungary. He was a major enemy of paganism. He succeeded his uncle, Conrad I. He worked for the destruction of the old Slavic culture. In 1097, he expelled the Slavonic monks of Sazava, founded in 1033 by Procopius. Bretislaus also wished to kill the elective principle of succession and replace it with a type of seniorate as conceptualised by Bretislaus I: the eldest prince of the reigning family would hold Bohemia as sovereign over the entire state while the younger scions of the dynasty ruled as territorial dukes over the regions of Moravia. This was to the benefit of his half-brother Borivoj II. He invested Borivoj as duke of Brno in 1097, thus removing the sons of Conrad I from the succession. Bretislaus also succeeded in receiving a long-desired imperial investiture at the Diet of Regensburg on April 19, 1099. Bretislaus was assassinated by his adversaries at the hunting lodge of Zbecno in western Prague on December 22, 1100. Bretislaus had married, in 1094, Luitgard of Windberg, with whom he had one son: Bretislaus, rebelled against Sobeslav I and was killed on 8 March 1130 Bohemia Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Denar, Brünn mint. 17 mm 0,65 g Obv.: +BRACIZTVAS Duke stands facing with sword. Rev.: SVENCESLAVS Bust with cross facing right. Reference: Cach 386, Slg. Hohenkubin 235 (dieses Exemplar!), Slg. Dietiker -. VF+ Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 70 EUR (approx. 98 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Denar, Prague mint. 0,83 g Denar, Prague mint. 0,62 g Obv.: XBRLCIZLLVS Bust right on throne with spear; Z rotated. Obv.: BRLCIZLLVS Helmeted bust right with spear. Z rotated. Rev.: SWENCEZLLVS Draped bust facing, top part through pearled circle. Rev.: XSWENCEZLLVS Bearded heard facing between points; Z rotated. Bärtiger Kopf von vorn zwischen Punkten. Z verdreht. Reference: Cach 388. Donebauer 379. Hohenkubin 237. Fleur-De-Coin! Estimate: CHF 80. Price realized: 160 CHF (approx. 130 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 389. Donebauer 374 var. Hohenkubin 249 ff. Fleur-de-coin! Estimate: CHF 80. Price realized: 150 CHF (approx. 121 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Denar, Prague mint. 0,56 g Denar, Prague mint. 0,77 g Denar, Prague mint. 0,57 g Obv.: + BRLCIZLLVS Head right. Obv.: Bust right on throne, holding spear. Obv.: Bust right with spear. Rev.: +SWENCESLLVS Bust with spear right, ball behinf it. Rev.: Head facing between points. Rev.: Chest-high bust facing. Reference: Cach 388; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 238. Beautiful example, with great patina. Reference: Cach 389; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 254. Vorzüglich Reference: Cach 390. Donebauer 371 var. Hohenkubin 258. VF. Estimate: CHF 30. Price realized: 45 CHF (approx. 36 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 90 EUR (approx. 127 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 183 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Denar, Prague mint. 0,89 g Denar, Brünn mint. 0,58 g Denar, Brünn mint. 0,68 g Obv.: Head right. Obv.: Head facing. Obv.: Duke standing facing with sword. Rev.: Bust with spear right. Rev.: Bust with lance facing left. Rev.: Bust right with cross-staff. Reference: Cach 390; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 256. Randfehler und kl. VF; minor rim damage. Reference: Cach 383; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 224 (this example). Beautiful! Reference: Cach 386; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 236 (this example). Beautiful! Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 150 EUR (approx. 211 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 183 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Denar, Prague mint. 0,40 g Denar, Prague mint. 0,51 g Denar, Prague mint. 0,34 g Obv.: Chest-high bust right, enthroned, with spear. Obv.: Chest-high bust right with spear. Obv.: Head right. Rev.: Head facing between points. Rev.: Chest-high bust facing. Rev.: Chest-high bust right with spear. Ball left in field. Reference: Cach 388; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 241. Small ink # on obverse. Beautiful! Reference: Cach 389; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 250. Beautiful patina, very minor damage. VF+ Reference: Cach 390; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 259. Edge broken, but nice! Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 85 EUR (approx. 114 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 148 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 30 EUR (approx. 42 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 174 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Denar, Prague mint. 17 mm 0,72 g Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 0,69 g Obv.: Enthroned duke right with lance, +BRACIZLAVS Obv.: Enthroned prince right, holding spear. Rev.: Head of St. Wenzel facing, between dots. +S WENCESLAVS Rev.: Head facing between dots. Reference: Cach 388. Slg. Doneb. 378. Slg. Bonh. 2087. Beautiful! Reference: Cach 388a, Smerda 166a, Slg. Hohenkubin 237ff, Slg. Dietiker 26. Very nice patina! VF. Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 85 EUR (approx. 109 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 70 EUR (approx. 88 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Bretislaus II. 1092-1100 Denar, Prague mint. 18 mm 0,50 g Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 0,41 g Obv.: Chest-high bust right with spear. BRAZISLAVS Obv.: Head right. +BRAZICLAVS Rev.: Chest-high bust facing. WENCEZLAVS. Rev.: Chest-high bust right, with spear. +SWENCEZLAVS. Reference: Cach 389, Smerda 167, Slg. Hohenkubin 249, Slg. Dietiker -. Slight rim damage, bbut beautiful! Reference: Cach 390, Smerda 168b, Slg. Hohenkubin 259, Slg. Dietiker -. Beautiful example. Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 65 EUR (approx. 82 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 45 EUR (approx. 56 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Lutold, prince of Znojmo from 1092 to 1097 and from 1100 to his death on 15 March 1113 Bohemia-Moravia Bohemia-Moravia Bohemia-Moravia Lutold 1092-1097/1100-1112, Co-prince, Znaim. Lutold 1092-1097/1100-1112, Co-prince, Znaim. Lutold 1092-1097/1100-1112, Co-prince, Znaim. Denar, Znaim mint. Denar, Znaim mint. 0,55 g. Denar, Znaim mint. 0,73 g. Obv.: Hand with cross-staff coming out of chapel. Obv.: VLTOTDVS Prince with sword stands facing, on curve. L reversed. Obv.: VVAO-CINS Hand with cross-staff coming out of chapel. Rev.: SNICOLAVS (retrograde) Bust facing with crozier. Rev.: SNICOIAVV Head over throne, hand with spear. Reference: Cach 409. Donebauer 427 var. Hohenkubin 269. Scarce! Fleur-de-coin! Ex Slg. Hohenkubin, Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz, 23. November 1979, Lot 269. Reference: Cach 412. Donebauer 941 var. Hohenkubin 276. Scarce. VF. Ex Slg. Hohenkubin, Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz, 23. November 1979, Lot 276. Rev.: Facing bust on throne Weakly struck, but very nice! Estimate: EUR 80 Estimate: CHF 300. Price realized: 400 CHF (approx. Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 90 CHF (approx. 73 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 324 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia-Moravia Bohemia-Moravia Bohemia-Moravia Lutold 1092-1097/1100-1112, Co-prince, Znaim. Lutold 1092-1097/1100-1112, Co-prince, Znaim. Lutold 1092-1097/1100-1112, Co-prince, Znaim. Denar, Znaim mint. 17 mm 0,59 g. Denar, Znaim mint. 19 mm 0,58 g Denar, Znaim mint. 0,71 g. Obv.: Standing prince facing with sword, VVTOT_VS Obv.: Hand with cross-staff coming out of chapel. _VTOICVS Obv.: Prince stands facing with sword. Rev.: Bust facing, with crozier, +_NI_OLAVS. Rev.: Facing bust on throne SN_ICOLAVS. Reference: Cach 409, Smerda 446, Slg. Hohenkubin 268, Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce. Weakly struck, but nice. Reference: Cach 410, Smerda 447, Slg. Hohenkubin 273, Slg. Dietiker -.Scarce. Weak strike. Nice! Rev.: Bust facing, with crozier. Reference; Cach 409; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 267. VF+ Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 250 EUR Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. (approx. 352 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 151 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 151 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Borivoi II., 1100-1107, 1109-1110 & 1118-1120 Borivoj II (also Borivoj or Borivoi) (c. 1064–2 February 1124) was the duke of Bohemia from 25 December 1100 until May 1107 and from December 1117 until 16 August 1120. He was the younger half-brother and successor of Bretislaus II. He was originally opposed by the Duke Oldrich of Brno, his cousin, who had recoverred the stronghold originally confiscated from his father. A civil war ensued. Oldrich intended to recognise the suzerainty of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and thereby gain his support, but Borivoj had already been confirmed by the emperor. Oldrich was eventually forced to flee to Moravia. In 1102, Ladislaus I Herman, duke of Poland, died. A quarrel broke out in Poland over the succession, with Borivoj and his cousin Svatopluk supporting Zbigniew against the legitimate heir Boleslaus III of Poland. Boleslaus, however, paid Borivoj off and the latter withdrew from the conflict. Svatopluk, furious, defected and led a number of Bohemian grandees with him. He sought to induce Coloman of Hungary to go to war with Borivoj, but was unsuccessful until 1107. In that year, Borivoj's younger brother, Vladislaus, rebelled and, with Coloman's help, took Prague. Svatopluk, who had recently captured and been forced to release Borivoj by the Emperor Henry V, was proclaimed king. Borivoj attacked in 1108 with the aid of Boleslaus in alliance with Coloman, whom Svatopluk and Henry were jointly attacking in Hungary. Svatopluk was recalled to fight him off and soon the emperor was invading Poland. Svatopluk was murdered on this campaign by supporters of Borivoj, but he could not regain the throne, which went to Vladislaus. In 1117, the brothers were reconciled and they ruled the duchy jointly (though divided) until 1120, when a new disagreement led Borivoj to self-exile in Hungary, where he died on 2 February 1124. Bohemia Bohemia Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Denar, Prague mint. 0,84 g. Half-denar, Prague mint. 0,59 g. Obv.: Enthroned duke with shield and spear facing. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing, ball to left in field. +BORIVOI retrograde Rev.: Enthoned figure facing right, holding ball before him. Rev.: Saint sits facing with raised hand and ball. +WENZESLAUS Reference: 0,84 g. Doneb. 396. Vorzüglich. Reference: Cach 413; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 280. Weak strike, traces of green; but still nice! Estimate: CHF 150. Price realized: 130 CHF (approx. 108 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 183 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Half-denar, Prague mint. 0,69 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,58 g. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing, . +BORIVOI retrograde Obv.: Bust left. Rev.: Saint sits facing with raised hand and ball. +WENZESLAUS Rev.: Rider riding left. Reference: Cach 413; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 284. Splendid patina, beautiful! Reference: Cach 414; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 286. Sehr schön Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 155 EUR (approx. 218 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 140 EUR (approx. 197 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Denar, Prague mint. 0,55 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,59 g. Denar, Prague mint. after 1118 0,91 g. Obv.: Chest high bust left, with cross. Obv.: Duke seated facing, with spear and shield. Obv.: Bust facing with standard and cross, in 4lobed border. Rev.: Knight right, with sword and captive. Rev.: Saint sitting right, holding ball; ball in right field.. Rev.: Angel holding child kneeling right. Reference: Cach 419; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 296 (this example). Beautiful! Reference: Cach 424; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 305. Small rim damage, VF & Beautiful. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 180 EUR (approx. 254 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Half-denar, Prague mint. 0,43 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,45 g. Denar, Prague mint. 18 mm 0,57 g. Obv.: Bust facing. Obv.: Bust facing left. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing, ball left. +BOR_VOI Rev.: Saint seated facing, with raised hand and ball. S left in field. Rev.: Rider riding left. Rev.: Seated facing saint with raised and and ball. _WE_EZLA_. Reference: Cach 418; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 294 (this example). VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 65 EUR (approx. 92 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 413 var; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 280 var. Rev lightly struck, nice! Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 90 EUR (approx. 121 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 414; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 286. Good VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 100 EUR (approx. 134 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 413c, Smerda 169c, Slg. Hohenkubin 281, Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce, weak strike. Very nice! Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 75 EUR (approx. 94 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Borivoi II. 1100-1107, 1109-1110 and 1118-1120. Half-denar, Prague mint. 1100/10 15 mm 0,25 g. Denar, Prague mint. 17 mm 0,56 g. Obv.: Bust facing left. Obv.: Duke seated facing, with spear and shiled. +BORIVVO_ Denar, Prague mint. 1118/20 17 mm 0,86 g. Obv.: Bust facing with standard and cross, in 4lobed border. +DVX BO___I Rev.: Rider riding to left. Reference: Cach 415, Smerda 170c, Slg. Hohenkubin 289ff, Slg. Dietiker -. Reverse slightly off-center. VF. Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Seated saint right, with ball. Ball in field right. Rev.: Angel holding child kneeling right. +WENCEZLA_S. +.S.WEN___S Reference: Cach 419, Smerda 173b, Slg. Hohenkubin 299, Slg. Dietiker -.VF. Reference: Cach 424, Smerda 178, Slg. Hohenkubin 305, Slg. Dietiker -. VF & Beautiful! Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 65 EUR (approx. 82 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Svatopluk 1095-1109 Svatopluk the Lion (died 21 September 1109) was the duke of Bohemia from 1107 to his assassination. He was a son of Otto I of Olomouc and Euphemia of Hungary and grandson of Bretislaus I of Bohemia. Duke of Olomouc since 1091, he was at enmity with his cousin Borivoj II, whom he sought to drive out, thus precipitating a new civil war. The Emperor Henry V could not ignore the anarchy in Bohemia. He summoned Svatopluk, who dared not resist, and retained him captive and made him restore Borivoj. Soon, he became reconciled to Svatopluk and released him. Svatopluk made him godfather of his new son, who was baptised Wenceslaus Henry. Nevertheless, Svatopluk returned to Bohemia to expel Borivoj. In 1108, the emperor had to intervene in Hungary on behalf of Prince Álmos against his brother King Coloman. Svatopluk joined the expedition, but had to return to Bohemia, where Borivoj had made and attack with the support of Boleslaus III of Poland, an ally of Coloman. Henry failed to Baroque tombstone of Svatopluk seize Pressburg and Coloman was free to devastate Moravia (part of and his son Wenceslaus in St the lands of the Bohemian Crown). Henry desired to avenge the Polish Wenceslaus Cathedral in Olomouc (Czech Republic). intervention which caused his Hungarian fiasco. He invaded Poland with the support of Svatopluk. Svatopluk was assassinated on 21 September 1109 in the tent of the emperor at the Siege of Glogow by a member of the family of Vršovice, whose chief, Mutina, he had decapitated for the support he had given to Borivoj. He was succeeded by Borivoj. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,50 g. Denar, Olmütz mint. 17 mm 0,62 g. Denar, Olmütz mint. 17 mm 0,53 g. Obv.: Helmeted bust right, holding cross. Obv.: Duke seated facing with spear and wedge. Figure breaks through pearled circle. VATOPVLC Obv.: 3/4 bust facing, flag in front; VATOPVLCI Rev.: Bust facing, breaking through outer circle. WEIICE=LAVS. Rev.: Arm with cross-staff faces left. SWENCEZLAV. Reference: Cach 425, Smerda 345, Slg. Hohenkubin 308, Slg. Dietiker 28. Excellent example! Reference: Cach 430, Smerda 350, Slg. Hohenkubin 314, Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce. Weak strike, but nice. Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 163 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 150. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 201 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Two facing busts holding cross, top section breaking pearled circle. Reference: C:446. Very rare. VF. Estimate: EUR 200. Price realized: 280 EUR (approx. 336 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Denar, Olmütz mint. 17 mm 0,47 g. Denar, Prague mint. 041 g. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,54 g. Obv.: 2 busts facing, holding short cross, top section breaking pearled circle. =VATOPVLC Obv.: Duke kneels right before altar; servant behind, hand above the altar. Obv.: Duke seated facing, with spear and wedge. Rev.: Bust with cross facing right. SWEIICE=LAL. Rev.: Half-bust facing right with sword. Reference: Cach 446, Smerda 366, Slg. Hohenkubin 324, Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce. Nice! Reference: Cach 462; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 333ff. Slightly off-center, VF+ Estimate EUR 150. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 402 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,54 g. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,50 g. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,45 g. Obv.: Half-bust facing left with cross staff. Obv.: DUke entrhoned facing, with sword. Obv.: 2 busts facing, holding short cross, top section breaking pearled circle. Rev.: Saint standing facing. Rev.: Hand with spear t oleft. Rev.: Half-bust facing, breaking circle. Reference: Cach 425; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 309 (this example). Beautiful! Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Bust with cross facing right. Reference: Cach 433; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz Reference: Cach 443; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 316 (this example!). Minor rim damage. Nice! 1979, -. R Kl. Weakly struck at edge, but nice! Reference: Cach 446; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 324 (this example). VF. Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 340 EUR (approx. 479 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 650 EUR (approx. 916 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Svatopluk 1095-1109, Co-Prince in Olmütz. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,69 g. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,53 g. Denar, Olmütz mint. 0,53 g. Obv.: Head right, with small cross behind it. Obv.: Duke sits facing, with spear and wedge. Obv.: 2 busts facing, holding short cross, top section breaking pearled circle. Rev.: Head facing in pearled circle. Rev.: Bust facing, breaking pearled circle. Reference: Cach 457; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. R Kl. Weak strike, but very nice! Reference: Cach 425; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 309. Weak strike, but nice! Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 2,200 EUR (approx. 3,099 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 148 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 564 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Bust with cross facing right. Reference: Cach 446; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 324. Rare! VF+ Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 210 EUR (approx. 282 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Vladislav I., Co-Prince in Olmütz 1110-1113, Prince of Bohemia 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Ladislaus I (Czech: Vladislav; 1065–1125), duke of Bohemia from 1109 to 1117 and from 1120–April 12, 1125. Vladislav I was a son of Duke, later King, Vratislav II of Bohemia by his second wife Swatawa, a daughter of Casimir I of Poland. Together with his cousin Svatopluk, Vladislav expelled his brother Borivoj II from Bohemia in 1107. In 1109 Svatopluk died, and Vladislav I succeeded as duke of Bohemia. Borivoj II returned from exile with the support of Prince Boleslaw III Wrymouth of Poland, but was defeated and imprisoned by Vladislav in 1110, who exiled him into the custody of his ally, Emperor Henry V. In spite of his victory, Vladislav I remained under Polish pressure, and was forced to recognize a younger brother, Sobeslav, as subordinate ruler of Moravia in Znojmo (Znaim) from 1111. In 1117 Vladislav I formally abdicated in favor of Borivoj II but retained much of the actual power. In 1120 Borivoj was deposed again and endowed with Znojmo, while Vladislav resumed the throne, which he held until his death in 1125. Vladislav I ruled in a difficult time with considerable success. Although he continued to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire, he weathered the interventions of Poland into Bohemian affairs, conflicts with his kinsmen in Moravia, and undertook offensive campaigns against both Poland and Austria. In 1110–1111 Vladislav accompanied Emperor Henry V on his Italian expedition, and he encouraged continued German settlement into Bohemia's border regions. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1109/18 19 mm 0,79 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1109/18 17 mm 0,71 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1109/18 19 mm 0,81 g. Obv.: Rider to right, spearing fallen man. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing, with sword and shield. +DVX:VVLA___S Obv.: Duke seated facing left, with sword (?), raised hand over kneeling person before him. +D_ VVLADI_LA__V_ Rev.: Bust of St. Wenzel facing, with cross. Reference: Cach 534, Smerda 185, Slg. Hohenkubin 247ff, Slg. Dietiker 29. Weakly struck, but very nice! Rev.: Chest high bust right, cross in front. *SCS:_ENCEZLAVS. Reference: Cach 539, Smerda 188a, Slg. Hohenkubin 354, Slg. Dietiker -. VF. Estimate EUR 75. Rev.: Chest-high facing bust with spear and book. +SCS.VVENCEZLAV_. Reference: Cach 543, Smerda 192, Slg. Hohenkubin 361, Slg. Dietiker -. Good VF. Estimate EUR 75. Estimate EUR 75. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1109/18 19 mm 0,70 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1120/25 18 mm 0,68 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1109/18 18 mm 0,70 g. Obv.: Duke entrhoned facing with sword, between spear and shield bearer. +DV_ VV_DISLAVS Obv.: Duke with crossbow, riding right, lookin/shooting backwards.. Obv.: Enthroned duke with sword on lap, between spear and shield bearer. Rev.: Chest-high bust facing with raised flag and palm branch. +SCS.VVE__ZLAVS. Rev.: 2 chest-high busts on a wall, with cross between. Rev.: Chest-high bust with flag and palm branch. Reference: Cach 545, Hohenkubin 369, Smerda 194, Slg. Slg. Dietiker -. Fine patina, good VF. Reference: Cach 562, Smerda 210a, Slg. Hohenkubin 393, Slg. Dietiker -. Weak strike in edge, nice! Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 67 EUR (approx. 84 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 163 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: C. 545, Don. 448 var, Lanz XIII-371. Scarce. Weakly struck, but beautiful! Estimation DM 250. Price realized: 220 DEM (approx. 102 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1109/18 0,83 g. Obv.: +DVX VVLADISLAVS Citizen kneeling before enthroned Duke, who holds a sword in this right hand, left hand raised over man. Rev.: +SCS·VVENCEZLAVS Facing bust with spear and book. Reference: Cach 543. Donebauer 447 var. Hohenkubin 361ff. Patina, VF & Beautiful! Estimate: CHF 75. Price realized: 75 CHF (approx. 61 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1109/18 0,60 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1120/1125 0,71 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1120/1125 0,77 g. Obv.: +D(VX·VVLAD)ISLAVS Duke enthroned facing, sword on lap, between spear and shield bearers. Obv.: +DVX·VV(L)AD(ISLAVS) Enthroned duke facing, with souldered sword. Obv.: +DVX·VLA(DIZLA)VS Rider with woman, widing to right. Rev.: +SCS·VVENCEZLAVS Chest-high bust facing with flag and palm branch. Rev.: +S (VVENC)EZLAVS TE ADAL(BETVS) Two saints stand facing, one with crozier, the other staff. Rev.: +(S) VVENCEZLAVS Bust of angel right, holding a figure in his hands. Reference: Cach 545. Donebauer 448. Hohenkubin 369. VF. Reference: Cach 547. Donebauer 442 var. Hohenkubin374. Nice! Estimate: CHF 75. Price realized: 160 CHF (approx. 130 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 180 CHF (approx. 146 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 549. Donebauer 438. Hohenkubin 377. VF. Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 80 CHF (approx. 65 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1120/1125 0,78 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1120/1125 0,68 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1109-1118 0,78 g. Obv.: +DVX·VVLADIZLAVS Duke enthroned facing, with flag and shield. Obv.: +(D)VX·VLAD(IZLAVS) Duke riding to right, with crossbow, looking back. Obv.: Rider riding right, spearing fallen warrior. Rev.: +SCS VVENCEZ(LA)VS Bust with cross staff facing slightly right, over 2-towered wall. Rev.: +SCS (VVEN)CEZLAVS 2 busts slightly facing each other, on a wall, cross between them. Reference: Cach 558. Donebauer 486. Hohenkubin 385. Scarce. VF. Reference: Cach 562. Donebauer 466. Hohenkubin 393. VF. Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 160 CHF (approx. 130 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: CHF 150. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 451 U.S. Dollars as of the auction Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1109-1118 0,63 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1109-1118 0,49 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1109-1118 0,97 g. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing, with flag and shield. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing with spear and shield, V on both sides. Obv.: DUke with shield and sword battling lion., flower growing left. Rev.: Chest-high bust right with raised right hand, between point and cross. Rev.: Chest-high bust facing, with book and cross staff. Reference: Cach 539; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 354 (This example). Rare! Beautiful! Reference: Cach 540; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 356 (this example). Nice! Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 260 EUR (approx. 366 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 564 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Beardedchest-high bust toleft, raised hand. Cross in left field. (Original description says star). Reference: Cach 538; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 352. Beautiful! Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 300 EUR (approx. 423 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Chest-high nimbate bust with raised left hand, cross-staff in right hand. Reference: Cach 534; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 347 (this example!). VF+ Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1109-1118 0,75 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1109-1118 0,79 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1120-1125 0,59 g. Obv.: Citizen kneels right before enthroned duke holding scepter. Obv.: Duke enthroned facing, sword on lap, between spear and shield bearer. Obv.: Rider with woman riding right. REv.: Chest-high bust facing with spear and book. Rev.: Chest-high bust with flag and pam branch. Rev.: Chest-high bust o angel right, holding child in the arms. Reference: Cach 543; Auktion Lanz XIII, G 361. Weakly struck at edges, but beautiful! Reference: Cach 545; Auktion Lanz XIII, G 371 (this example). Weakly struck at edges, but nice! Reference: Cach 549; Auktion Lanz XIII, G 378. VF+ Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 150 EUR (approx. 211 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 380 EUR (approx. 535 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Prague mint. 1120-1125 0,56 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1120-1125 0,83 g. Obv.: Duke with flag, seated on throne facing left; citizen on left side facing duke. Obv.: Duke stands right with shield and flag, citizen at left. Rev.: Bust facing over wall with 2 towers. Rev.: Half-bust facing slightly right, with raised left hand. Reference: Cach 551; Auktion Lanz XIII, G -. VF+ Reference: Cach 550; Auktion Lanz XIII, G 379. Beautiful! Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 300 EUR (approx. 423 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 210 EUR (approx. 296 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Vladislav I. 1109-1118 and 1120-1125 Denar, Olmütz mint. 1110-1113 0,68 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1120-1125 0,46 g. Denar, 1109-1125 0,87 g. Obv.: On right, figure seated facing left; before him another figure standing. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing with spear and shield, V to either side. Obv.: Facing enthroned duke with shouldered sword. Rev.: Duke stands facing with flag and shield, between 4 stars. Rev.: Chest-high bust right, with raised right hand, between point and cross. Rev.: St. Wenzel and St. Adalbert stand facing, each with staff. Reference: Cach 532; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. Rare. Very nice! Reference: Cach 539 var; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 354 var. Rare, somewhat off-center, but beautiful! Reference: Doneb. 442. Good VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 360 EUR (approx. 483 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 130 CHF (approx. 108 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Sobeslaus I. 1125-1140 Sobeslav I Oldrich (Czech: Sobeslav Oldrich) (died 14 February 1140) was one on Bohemia's greatest leaders. He reigned as duke from 1125 to 1140. He was the youngest son of Vratislaus II, the last Bohemian duke to also rule as king. Sobeslav was duke of Brno and Znojmo from 1115 to 1123. He succeeded to the ducal throne only after the death of his brother, Vladislav I. Throughout his reign, he continued to possess the Moravian duchy of Olomouc. Sobeslav was also a nationalist partisan and not an ally of the Holy Roman Empire. He was an adversary of the German monarchy throughout his reign and began by using the divisiveness of the election of Lothair of Supplinburg to further Bohemian independence. When Sobeslav decided to withdraw Otto II the Black from Olomouc, one of the Moravian dukedoms, the despoiled prince recoursed to the emperor. Lothair declared that no one could succeed to Bohemia without imperial investiture and proceeded to invade on behalf of Otto, whom he intended to place on the throne. Such, however, was dangerous to the interests of the local nobility and they rallied around Sobeslav. On 18 February 1126, a battle occurred near Chlumec, a frontier fortress, between the German and Moravian troops of Lothair and the majority of the Czechs. Sobeslav routed Lothair and Otto was even killed in battle. However, the relationship between the two countries returned to the former vassal-suzerain relation. Sobeslav, however, was undermined in Bohemia by his nephew, Bretislaus, son of Bretislaus II. Bretislaus had the support of the Moravian dukes, Conrad II of Znojmo and Vratislaus II of Brno. He also had the support of the church party under Meinhard, bishop of Prague. In June 1130, the conspiracy was discovered and thwarted with much bloodshed. The dukes survived and continued to rule, but Bretislaus was blinded. Conrad III of Germany tried to amend relations between the two thrones of Bohemia and Germany. He gave Sobeslav the hereditary dignity of archcupbearer of the Empire. His reign saw the foundation of many new German colonies in Czech lands. He died on 14 February 1140 in Hostinev Hradek. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Denar, Prague mint. 0,68 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,72 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,75 g. Obv.: Duke enthroned facing, with sword in right behind his head; holding severed head in left hand; man on either side of duke. (Original description says enthroned duke withi 4 people around him) Obv.: Duke stands facing slightly right, with crossed legs, holding flag and shield. Obv.: Duke seated facing right, church overo his hand at right. Rev.: Chest-high bust left with cross. Rev.: Half-bust facing with cross and book. Reference: Cach 572; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 400 (this example). Weakly struck at edges, still beaubtiful! Reference: Cach 573; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 404 (this example). Slight rim damage, VF. Rev.: 2 saints enthroned, turned toward each other, left one with cross staff, right one with crozier. Reference: Cach 581; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 416 (this example). Slight damage and slightly weak strike, but VF and beautiful! Rare. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 564 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 170 EUR (approx. 240 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 155 EUR (approx. 218 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Denar, Prague mint. 0,93 g. Denar, Prague mint. 0,78 g. Denar, Prague mint. 18 mm 0,80 g. Obv.: 2 busts facing each other, holding flag. Obv.: Duke fighting with sword against a bear. Obv.: Seated figure facing right, next to church on right of figure. Rev.: 2 facing busts over wall, between them a cross staff. Rev.: Saint entrhoned on arch facing, with raised right hand, lily-scepter. Reference: Cach 575; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 410 (this example). Rare! Beautiful! Reference: Cach 592; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 423. Weak strike on edges. Beautiful! Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 700 EUR (approx. 986 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Chest-high bust facing, in right hand a cross, book in left hand. Reference: Cach 573, Slg. Hohenkubin 402. Scarce, slight damage and weakness, but VF & nice. H.A. Dietiker “Kleine böhmische Münzgeschichte” Abb. 15 (this example). Estimation: EUR 75. Price realized: 88 EUR (approx. 107 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Sobeslaus I., ca. 1125-1140. Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 0,71 g. Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 0,92 g. Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 0,74 g. Obv.: 2 people with child; baptismal scene. Obv.: Duke stands facing, holding flag and shield, between 2 people. Obv.: Chest-high bust facing with flag and shield, in high oval border, with side decorations. Rev.: Saint with sword and shield fighting bear and dragon, flower in field right. Remainders of reciprocal writing on each side. Rev.: Enthroned man facing with raised hands between 2 people, each facing toward him. Remainders of reciprocal writing on each side. Reference: Cach 582, Smerda 223, Slg. Hohenkubin 418, Slg. Dietiker -. VF. Reference: Cach 584, Smerda 225, Slg. Hohenkubin -, Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce! Very nice! Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 50 EUR (approx. 63 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 260 EUR (approx. 326 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Seated figure facing right with sword, before him a shield bearer. Reference: Cach 580, Smerda 221, Slg. Hohenkubin 414, Slg. Dietiker -. Good VF. Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 90 EUR (approx. 113 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Vladislav II. 1140–1172 Ladislaus II (Czech: Vladislav) (c.1110–18 January 1174) was the second king of Bohemia from 1158. Before that he had been duke of Bohemia from 1140. He abdicated in 1172, the royal title was not hereditary. Vladislav was the son of Vladislav I and Richeza of Berg. He was an adventurous youth and, having no possibility of reaching the throne during the reign of his uncle Sobeslav I, he moved to Bavaria. He returned at the death of Sobeslav in 1140 and, with the help of his brother-in-law, the king of Germany, Conrad III, he was elected prince of Bohemia. At first, he had to contend with the claims of his cousin, the son of Sobeslav, also named Vladislav. By Sobeslav's request, the Emperor Lothair II had recognised the rights of his son at the Diet of Bamberg in May 1138, then, in June, the nobility affirmed them at Sadska. Another diet at Bamberg confirmed the succession of the son of Vladislav, however, in April 1140. The local dukes, Conrad II of Znojmo, Vratislaus II of Brno, and Otto III of Olomouc, gave him trouble. They were excommunicated by Henry Zdik, bishop of Olomouc, who was then driven out of his diocese. The territorial dukes then defeated Vladislav through treason at Vyoska on 22 April 1142, but their siege of Prague failed. Vladislav kept his throne through the help of Conrad III of Germany, whose half-sister Gertrude of Babenberg he married. In 1147, he accompanied the king on the Second Crusade, but halted his march at Constantinople. On his way back to Bohemia he passed through Kiev and Kraków. Thanks to his friendship with Conrad's successor, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, Vladislav was elected king of Bohemia on 11 January 1158, becoming the second Bohemian prince to boast such an imperial title after Vratislaus II. He was also invested with Upper Lusatia at Regensburg and his coronation was celebrated in a second ceremony at Milan on 8 September. Vladislav was a firm ally of Barbarossa. He duly accompanied him to Milan in 1158. During the Italian expeditions of 1161, 1162, and 1167, Vladislav entrusted the command of the Czech contingent to his brother Duke Depold I of Jamnitz and his son Frederick. After the revolt of the Moravian dukes, Vladislav gradually took the control of the strongholds of Moravia: Brno with the death of Vratislaus II in 1156, Olomouc with the death of Otto III (in spite of the claims of Sobeslav, the son of Duke Sobeslav, who was imprisoned), and finally Znojmo with the death of Conrad II. Vladislav also intervened in Hungary in 1163 on behalf of the emperor. He married his second son, Sviatopluk, to a Hungarian princess and had diplomatic contact with Manuel I Comnenus. In 1164, he even married his six-year-old daughter Helena to Peter, son of Manuel. In 1167, Daniel I, bishop of Prague since 1148 and Vladislav's greatest advisor, died. As a result, relations between the kings of Bohemia and Germany were strained. When his son Vojtech became archbishop of Salzburg in 1169, the emperor suspected him of supporting Pope Alexander III. Eager to impose his son Frederick on the throne of the still-elective duchy of Bohemia, he abdicated without either the consensus of the Bohemian noblemen or the Emperor's permission. Frederick kept the trone for less than one year, before yielding the place to Sobeslav II, the elder son of Sobeslav I. Vladislav lived in the lands of his wife, where he died in January 1174. He was buried in the Cathedral of Meissen. His reign was marked by the founding of numerous Premonstratensian and Cistercian abbeys in Bohemia, as well as the construction of a stone bridge across Vltava in Prague: the construct was named Judith Bridge in honour of Vladislav's second wife. Bohemia Vladislav (Son of Sobeslavs) or Vladislav II. 1137-1140. Bohemia Denar, unknown mint. 19 mm 0,65 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140-1158 (as prince) 18 mm 0,92 g. Obv.: Man standing looking slightly right with sword and shield, woman standing next to him on right. Obv.: Duke facing right, holding child over altar. Rev.: Bust facing in 3-towered building. Rev.: Saint seated facing left, holding cross, blessing pilgrim on his left, dot in middle. Reference: Cach -, Smerda 426, Slg. Hohenkubin -, Slg. Dietiker -. VF. Illegible writing on both sides. Reference: Lanz XIII-420, Cach 590. Scarce! Beautiful! Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 80 EUR (approx. 100 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Estimation: DM 150. Price realized: 225 DEM (approx. 98 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. ca. 1158 17 mm 0,63 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 Obv.: Enthroned king and queen. Obv.: X VVLADI CSVVEN Duke facing right holding child over altar. 0,85 g. Rev.: Half-bust of St. Wenzel facing, with flag and shield. Reference: Šmerda 256, Cach 615, Lanz XIII-443. Dark toning, VF. Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 90 EUR (approx. 111 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: +SCS VDI Z LAZAVS Saint seated facing left, holding cross, blessing pilgrim on his left. Reference: Cach 590. Donebauer 484 var. Hohenkubin 420ff var. Scarce! Good legible legend. Good VF. Estimate: CHF 150. Price realized: 120 CHF (approx. 97 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 0,71 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 0,84 g. Obv.: X VVLADI CSVVEN Duke facing right holding child over altar. Obv.: Duke riding to right. Rev.: 2 saints above wall with tower between them Rev.: +SCS VDI Z LAZAVS Saint seated facing left, holding cross, blessing pilgrim on his left. Reference: Cach 590. Donebauer 484 var. Hohenkubin 420ff. F Estimate: CHF 30. Price realized: 25 CHF (approx. 20 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 596. Donebauer 491. Hohenkubin 431.Scarce! VF. Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 170 CHF (approx. 138 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. 1158/1174 0,60 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140-1158 0,52 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140-1158 0,91 g. Obv.: King and queen enthroned next to each other. Obv.: King and queen enthroned next to each other, point between them. Obv.: Duke battles with a lion. Rev.: Half-bust of saint facing with flag and shield. Rev.: Bust in 2-towered building. Rev.: Busts of mitered bishop with crozier and layman with spear and shield looking at each other in doubled gothic windows. Reference: Cach 615. Donebauer 510. Hohenkubin 443. Good VF. Reference: Cach 593; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 426 (this example. r). Small rim break. VF. Estimate: CHF 200.Price realized: 160 CHF (approx. 130 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. 1140-1158 0,90 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1158/1174 0,62 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1158/1174 0,62 g. Obv.: Duke on horseback fights bears with sword. Obv.: Crowned half-bust facing with scepter and raised hand, in ring-wall wtih 2 towers. Obv.: King and queen enthroned next to each other. Rev.: 2 busts facing each other over a wall, “A” between. Reference: Cach 594; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 428. Rare, weak strike at edge. VF! Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 450 EUR (approx. 634 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rev.: Half-bust of saint facing with flag and shield. Rev.: 2 angels slightly facing each other, holding cross-staff. Reference: Cach 597; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 432 (this example). Wak strike at edge, beautiful portrait! Reference: Cach 611; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 441 (this example). Weak strike, VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 325 EUR (approx. 458 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 650 EUR (approx. 916 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 615; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 443. Weak strike at edge, VF + Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 150 EUR (approx. 211 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. 1158/1174 0,89 g. Obv.: King rests on a bed, facing to left (head at right) with folded hands, an angel before him. Rev.: Entrhoned facing saint, with flag and shield; 3 dots in a vertical row to left of head. Reference: Cach 617; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 445. Parts weakly struck, VF+. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 300 EUR (approx. 423 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 0,89 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 0,68 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 18 mm 093 g. Obv.: Writing traces. Duke with horse riding to right, fighting bear. Obv.: Writing traces. Duke with horse riding to right, fighting bear. Rev. Writing traces. 2 saints’ busts looking at each other over a wall, a letter A above them. Rev. Writing traces. 2 saints’ busts looking at each other over a wall, a letter A above them. Reference: Cach 597. Donebauer 494 var. Hohenkubin 432. Scarce! Good VF. Reference: Cach 597. Donebauer 494 var. Hohenkubin 432. Good VF. Estimate: CHF 120. Estimate: CHF 120. Price realized: 130 CHF (approx. 105 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Obv.: 2 seated persons looking at each other. Rev.: Bust facing wtih raised hands, in 2-towered building. Writing traces on both sides. Reference: Cach 593 vgl., Smerda 233b, Slg. Hohenkubin 424, Slg. Dietiker -. VF Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 45 EUR (approx. 56 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 0,91 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 16 mm 0,80 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1140/1158 17 mm 0,82 g. Obv.: Duke to right fighting with lion. Obv.: Duke riding horse to right. Obv.: Angel with child and censer. Rev.: Bust of bishop wtih miter and crozier and layman with spear and shield looking at each other, each in window with pointed gable. Large scepter-type structire between them Rev.: 2 busts of saints looking slightly at each other above wall, rosette between busts. Rev.: 2 angels facving holding staff with cross-globe. Reference: Cach 594; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 428 (this example). Rare. Weakly struck around edge, very nice and beautiful! Reference: Šmerda - (zu 237), Cach - (zu 597), Lanz XIII - (zu 432). Extremely rare, fine toning, VF. Reference: C. 604, Don. 500, Lanz XIII-438. Weakly struck, but nice! Estimation DM 150. Price realized: 90 DEM (approx. 42 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 100. Price realized: 220 EUR (approx. 272 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 450 EUR (approx. 634 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Wladislaus II., 1140-1174. Denar, Prague mint. 1158-1174 0,71 g. Obv.: King and queen enthroned next to each other. Rev.: Half-bust of saint facing with flag and shield. Reference: Cach 615; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 443. VF. Schätzpreis: 50,00 EUR. Price realized: 70 EUR (approx. 77 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Sobeslaus II., 1173-1179 Sobeslav II, called Prince of the Peasants or King of the Peasants, was the duke of Bohemia from 1173 to 1179. He was the second son of Sobeslav I. Supported by neither noblesse nor emperor, he was backed solely by the lowest classes. In 1172, Frederick, son of Ladislaus II, succeeded his abdicating father. Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman Emperor, held a diet at Hermsdorf in September 1173 and deposed Frederick, nominating Oldrich, son of Sobeslav I. Oldrich immediately abdicated in favour of his elder brother Sobeslav II. Sobeslav had been imprisoned since 1161. Sobeslav granted a charter to the town of Prague, but he entered into a fight with Henry II, Duke of Austria, in 1175. In Summer 1176, an army led by the Duke Conrad Otto of Znojmo devastated the country to the north of the Danube. Churches and monasteries were attacked and Pope Alexander III excommunicated the duke. Barbarossa intervened in 1177 and recognised Frederick as duke. By 1179, Sobeslav was removed and he died in "some part of a foreign land" on January 29, 1180, without heirs from his union with Elisabeth (d.1209), daughter of Mieszko III of Poland. Bohemia Sobeslaus II., 1173-1179 Denar, Prague mint. 0,76 g. Obv.: Duke and duchess enthroned facing each other andn reaching for each other. Rev.: Saint stands facing with flag and shield, 4 stars in field. Reference: Cach - (vgl. 620); Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. Light corrosion and small edge break. VF. Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 40 EUR (approx. 56 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Sobeslaus II., 1173-1179 Denar, Prague mint. 0,93 g. Obv.: Saint stand facing right holding crozier, pilgrim on right, facing saint. Rev.: Half-bust of nimbate saint facing, with raised hands. Reference: Cach 619; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 447/448. Rare! VF. Estimate: 80,00 EUR. Price realized: 175 EUR (approx. 193 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Friedrich, 1172-1173, 1178-1189 Frederick (Czech: Bedrich) (died 25 March 1189) was the duke of Olomouc from 1164 and then duke of Bohemia from 1172 to 1173 and again from 1178 to his death. He was the son of King Ladislaus II, who abdicated in 1172 in his favour. However, he could not hold on to his principality, because he was approved of by neither the national diet nor the emperor, and was deposed in September the year following by the emperor at the Diet of Hermsdorf. The Emperor Frederick I, godfather and namesake of Frederick, nominated Oldrich, son of Sobeslav I, but he renounced the throne in favour of Sobeslav II, friend of peasants, but enemy of both nobles and emperor. Frederick allied with the emperor and defeated Sobeslav at the battles of Lodenice and Prague. The emperor recognised Frederick as an imperial prince, but he also raised the bishop of Prague, Henry Bretislaus, to princely status, making him a direct vassal of the emperor. He also appointed Conrad Otto margrave over Moravia and thus divided the duchy into three parts dependent on him. When Frederick, who was practically a puppet of the emperor, died, he was succeeded by Conrad Otto. By his marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Geza II of Hungary, he had the following issue: Helena (b.1158), affianced to Peter, son of Manuel I Comnenus, in 1164 Sophia (died 25 May 1185), married Albert, Margrave of Meissen Ludmilla (died 14 August 1240), married Adalbert VI, count of Bogen, and then Louis I, Duke of Bavaria Vratislaus (d.1180) Olga (fl.c.1163) Margaret (died 28 August 1167) Bohemia Friedrich, 1173, 1179-1181-1189. Denar, Prague mint. 18 mm 0,89 g. Obv.: Duke seated facing on throne, between 2 servants. Rev.: Bust of saint facing slightly right above a wall with tower, pilgrim to right of saint. Reference: Cach 622, Lanz XIII-454. Scarce. Beautiful! Estimate: EUR 200. Price realized: 300 EUR (approx. 404 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Friedrich, 1173, 1179-1181-1189. Denar, Prague mint. 0,96 g. Obv.: Duke enthroned facing with sword, between 2 servants. Rev.: Bust of saint facing slightly right above a wall with tower, pilgrim to right of saint. Reference: Cach 622; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 454. Partls weakly struck, VF+. Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 330 EUR (approx. 465 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Konrad Ota 1189-1191 Conrad II Otto (Czech: Konrád Ota) (died 9 September 1191) was a member of Premyslid dynasty, son of Duke Conrad II of Znojmo. He was the duke of Znojmo from 1177 until he was made margrave of Moravia from 1182 to 1186. He was then duke of Bohemia from 1189 to his death. In Summer 1176, he invaded the region north of the Danube which belonged to Duke Sobeslav II. He attacked churches and monasteries and was excommunicated by Pope Alexander III. Conrad rose against his predecessor, Frederick in 1182 and his naming as margrave was by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, an opponent of the Bohemian duke. On the Duke Frederick's death in 1189, he was made duke with the unanimous support of the nobility. In May of that year, he accepted the formal affirmation of the emperor. During his short reign, he was beholden to the nobles. He was forced to concede them a set of privileges, the Iura Conradi (1189). Among the concessions were: freemen guaranteed against the abuses of the duke or the provincial courts under his zhupans extension of the right of inheritance to the daughters and brothers of deceased lords confiscation of property only after a long legal procedure conforming to local custom Released from the obligation of participating in the Third Crusade, Conrad II accompanied Henry VI, the emperor's son, to Southern Italy as part of his attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily from Tancred in right of his wife, Constance. Conrad died of the plague in Naples. He was succeeded by Wenceslaus II, son of Sobeslav I. Bohemia Konrad Ota 1189-1191 Denar, Prague mint. 19 mm 1,01 g. Obv.: Duke with scepter enthroned, looking slightly left; to his left a sword bearer. Rev.: Half-bust of saint facing, holding flag in right hand, left hand raised. Reference: Cach 643, Slg. Hohenkubin 456. Scarce, fine patina. Weakly struck at edges, but still very fine. Exemplar der Slg. Marquis de Hohenkubin 456, aus Auktion Lanz (Graz) 13/1979. Estimation: EUR 100. Price realized: 2,500 EUR (approx. 3,037 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Vaclav I. 1191-1192 *He was actually the second Vaclav; but the first Vaclav of his rank. Also known as Wenceslaus. Wenceslaus II (Czech: Václav) (1137–1192) was the son of Sobeslav I and brother of Sobeslav II. He was the duke of Bohemia following Conrad II in 1191. He was the duke of Olomouc and Brno, but was deposed by Duke Frederick in 1179 and exiled. He returned from exile after thirteen years on Conrad's death. Wenceslaus was deposed after a reign of three months by Frederick's half-brother Ottokar. He tried to flee to the Emperor Henry VI, but was captured by the margrave of Lusatia, who imprisoned him until his death. Bohemia Vaclav I. 1191-1192 Denar, Prague mint. 20 mm 1,46 g. Obv.: Duke standing facing, with shield and flag. In field: V Vto right of duke’s head. Rev.: Bust of St. Adalbert facing, with cross and crozier. Reference: Cach 645, Slg. Hohenkubin 458 var. Weakly struck at edges. Very beautiful example. Estimation: EUR 100. Price realized: 750 EUR (approx. 911 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Premysl Ottokar I., 1192–1193; 1197-1230 Otakar I (also spelled Ottokar or Premysl I. Otakar) (c. 1155 – December 15, 1230), king of Bohemia (1198 - 1230), was a younger son of King Vladislav II (d. 1174) and a member of the Premyslid dynasty. His early years were passed amid the anarchy which prevailed everywhere in the country, after several struggles, in which he took part, he was recognized as ruler of Bohemia by the emperor Henry VI in 1192. He was, however, soon overthrown for joining a conspiracy of German princes to bring down the Hohenstaufen monarchy. In 1197 Otakar forced his brother, duke Vladislav Jindrich, to abandon Bohemia to him and to content himself with Moravia. Taking advantage of the German civil war between the Hohenstaufen claimant Philip of Swabia and the Welf candidate Otto IV, Ottokar declared himself King of Bohemia. This title was supported by Philip of Swabia who needed Czech military support against Otto (1198). In 1199 he divorced his wife, Adelheid of Meissen, a member of the Wettin (dynasty) for a marriage with Constance of Hungary, the young daughter of the Hungarian King Bela III. In 1200 - with Otto IV in the ascendancy, Otakar abandoned his pact with Philip and declared for the Welf faction. Both Otto and Pope Innocent III subsequently accepted Otakar as hereditary King of Bohemia. Philip's consequent invasion of Bohemia was successful. Otakar, having been compelled to pay a fine, again ranged himself among Philip's partisans and still later was among the supporters of the young king, Frederick II. In 1212 Frederick granted the Golden Bull of Sicily to Bohemia. This document recognised Otakar and his heirs as Kings of Bohemia. The King was no longer subject to appointment by the Emperor, and was only required to attend Diets close to the Bohemian border. Although a subject of the Holy Roman Empire, the Bohemian King was to be the leading electoral prince of the empire and to furnish all subsequent Emperors with a bodyguard of 300 knights when they went to Rome for their coronation. Otakar's reign was also notable for the start of German immigration into Bohemia and the growth of towns in what had until that point been forest lands. In 1226 Otakar went to war against Frederick II of Austria after the latter wrecked a deal which would have seen Otakar's daughter (Saint Agnes of Bohemia) married to Emperor Frederick II's son, Henry II of Sicily. Otakar then planned for the same daughter to marry Henry III of England, but this was vetoed by the Emperor who knew Henry to be an opponent of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. Then widowed Emperor himself wanted to marry Agnes, but by then she didn't want to play a role in an arranged marriage anymore. With the help of the pope, Agnes entered the convent. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Denar, Prague mint. 1198/1210 22 mm 1,35 g. Denar, Prague mint. 1198/1210 22 mm 1,24 g Denar, Prague mint. 1198/1210 1,11 g Obv.: Enthroned king facing with scepter and orb. Obv.: Bust of king slightly left, over wall, holding fleur-de-list scepter in right hand, left r aised. Obv.: Angel right fighting dragon. Rev.: Saint enthroned facing right, with flag. Illegible writing on both sides. Reference: Cach 661, Smerda 299, Slg. Hohenkubin 467, Slg. Dietiker 39. 1,35 g Weak strike, but very nice! Rev.: Bust of saint right, holding cross in front, S-S in field on either side of cross. Illegible writing both sides. Reference: Cach 663, Smerda 302, Slg. Hohenkubin 469, Slg. Dietiker 40. Weak strike, but VF. Estimate EUR 50. Rev.: Facing bust in 2-towered building, hands raised. Reference: Cach 659; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 465 (this example.). Weak strike, but VF. Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 40 EUR (approx. 56 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Denar, Prague mint. 1198/1210 1,13 g Denar, Prague mint. 1198/1210 1,10 g Denar, Prague mint. 1198/1210 22 mm 1,14 g Obv.: Crowned king facing with scepter and orb. Obv.: King entrhoned with scepter, 4 stars in field. Obv.: King enthroned facing, scepter in right had, left raised. G - G to either side. Rev.: Enthroned saint facing with flag in right hand, left hand raised. Rev.: 2 saints facing center, holding flag. Reference: Cach 661; Weak strike, exeptional portrait. Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 70 EUR (approx. 99 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 665; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 474 (this example). VF. Rev.: Queen facing left with book, over wall with tower. Reference: Cach 667; Weak strike, VF+ Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 450 EUR (approx. 634 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 183 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Premysl I. Ottokar 1197-1230 Denar, Prague mint. 1198/1210 1,20 g Bracteate, Prague mint. 1210-1230 0,88 g. Denar, 1228 - 1239 18 mm 0,84g. Obv.: King on right with riased right hand & queen left looking at each other ofer wall with arcade. Obv.: King seated on arch facing with double orb and fleur-de-list scepter with ringlets on each side. Obv.: Long cross on half-round base between to lying lions, each facing outward. Star under base. Rev.: Lion right. Reference: Cach 670; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. Flan break, but VF. Rev.: Stag running right, in enclosed circle of stars. Reference: Cach 668; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 483 (this example). Weak strike, VF. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 240 EUR (approx. 338 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 894. VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 420 EUR (approx. 592 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 193 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Jindrich Bretislav (Henry Bretislaus) 1193–1197 Henry Bretislaus III (Czech: Jindrich Bretislav) (died 15 or 19 June 1197) was the duke of Bohemia from 1193 to his death. Being the bishop of Prague since 1182, he was also a prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He was a son of Henry, son of Vladislaus I. After brilliant studies at the University of Paris, he was named provost of Vyšehrad, near Prague. In 1182, he accepted the diaconate from the hands of his cousin the archbishop of Salzburg, Adalbert III. He elected in the same year to be archbishop and went to Mainz to receive imperial affirmation. He was ordained a priest on 22 May and crowned bishop the following day. In the subsequent quarrels over the throne, he supported Ottokar, the son of the King Vladislaus II. Bretislaus was unable to pay the necessary tribute of 6,000 écus to the Emperor Henry VI for Ottokar's crown and his brother Vladislaus' margraviate of Moravia. While on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, he was captured by the emperor, who held him captive at his court. In 1192, Ottokar I usurped the Czech throne from Wenceslaus II. Wenceslaus tried to petition the emperor for assistance, but was captured. Henry, however, was not ignorant of Bohemian affairs: in June 1193, he deposed Ottokar at the Diet of Worms. Ottokar was abandoned by the nobility and Henry exempted Bretislaus from the payment and appointed him duke. Bretislaus had to secure his duchy by force of arms. By Christmas, he was keeping court at Prague. In 1195, he drove Vladislaus out of Moravia and installed one of his supporters in the march. Bretislaus also took part in an imperial campaign in Meissen, where his army plundered the churches. He planned to take part in the Crusade decided on at the diet of Worms of December 1195, but it was never actualised. He died on 15 or 19 June 1197 after a long disease. Bohemia Jindrich Bretislav 1193-1197 Bishop of Prague, Prince of Bohemia Denar, Prague mint 20 mm 1,10 g Obv.: Half-bust of saint with flag and shield, facing slightly right. Rev.: Duke as bishop entrhoned facing, with flag. Reference: Cach 649, Slg. Hohenkubin 460. Rare, very weak strike, F. Exemplar der Slg. Marquis de Hohenkubin 460, aus Auktion Lanz (Graz) 13/1979. Estimation: EUR 100. Price realized: 3,000 EUR (approx. 3,644 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Vladislav (III.) Jindrich (Vladislaus III Henry) 1197 Vladislaus III Henry (Czech: Vladislav Jindrich) (died August 12, 1222) was the youngest son of Vladislaus II and younger brother of Ottokar I. On June 22, 1197, he was elected Duke of Bohemia. Faced with an uprising in favour of Ottokar, Vladislaus abdicated a few months later on December 6. Ottokar then took the Bohemian throne without imperial approval and compensated Vladislaus with the near-autonomous margravate of Moravia. By his repudiation of the throne, Vladislaus helped to bring an end to the destructive dynastic wars of the Premyslids, which had lasted for over twenty five years from the death of his father. He was the 25th and last duke of Bohemia. Before his brief dukeship, Vladislaus was Duke of Brno and Znojmo from 1191 to 1194. He supported his older brother Ottokar when he seized the duchy in 1192. Ottokar made him margrave of Moravia then, but the two never paid the demanded sum to the Holy Roman Emperor and so were deposed in June 1193 by a decision of the diet of Worms, which appointed Bretislaus, Bishop of Prague, duke. After the death of the Emperor Henry VI and Bretislaus in 1197, Vladislaus was crowned duke with his brother in attendance. Vladislaus had the eyes of the claimant Spytihnev III of Brno put out. He also filled the bishopric of Prague with his own confessor, Milico Daniel II, who held the see until 1214 and never received imperial nomination. Ottokar and Vladislaus then very nearly came to blows, but, their armies encamped facing each other, the two met and negotiated a solution whereby Ottokar became duke and Vladislaus margrave of Moravia. Vladislaus held Moravia until his death twenty five years thence. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. Jindrich 1197-1222 Vladislav I. Jindrich 1197-1222 Vladislav I. Jindrich 1197-1222 Denar, Prague mint. 16 mm 0,57g. Denar, Prague or Moravian mint. 17 mm 0,58g. Denar, 0,70g. Obv.: Facing head with curly hair between 2 towers; above an eagle facing right. Obv.: Facing head with curly hair between 2 towers; above an eagle facing right. Obv.: Figure with scepter in each hand over arch. Eagle (?) with points on each side under arch. Rev.: Lion left. Rev.: Lion left. Rev.: Lion left. Reference: Cach 887, Slg. Hohenkubin -. Scarce, well-struck, VF. Reference: Cach 887, Smerda -, Slg. Hohenkubin -, Slg. Dietiker 38. Scarce, VF. Reference: C: 884; Cleaned, VF. Estimation: EUR 100.Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 389 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 50 EUR (approx. 63 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 260 EUR (approx. 286 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Vladislav I. Jindrich 1197-1222 Vladislav I. Jindrich 1197-1222 Denar, Denar, Moravian mint. 0,69g. 0,83g. Obv.: Bust facing under 3-towered building. Ball on either side of central tower. Obv.: Head facing, between 2 balls, under arch with 3 towers, ball on eiather side of central tower.. Rev.: Church building with tower. Rev.: Ring-wall with 2 towers and gate, fleur-de-lis above. In circle of balls. Reference: C: 883; Cleaned, VF. Extremely rare! Reference: Cach 883; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF + Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 270 EUR (approx. 297 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 260 EUR (approx. 366 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) King Václav I. (Wenceslaus I Premyslid) 1230-1253 Wenceslaus I Premyslid (Czech Václav I.) (c. 1205 – September 23, 1253) was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253. Wenceslaus was the son of Ottokar I of Bohemia and Konstancia of Hungary. His maternal grandparents were Béla III of Hungary and his second wife Agnes of Antioch (Agnes de Châtillon), a daughter of Raynald of Chatillon and Constance of Antioch (joint princes of Antioch). He married Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen, daughter of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany and Irene Angelina. He encouraged large numbers of Germans to settle in the villages and towns in Bohemia and Moravia. As a sign of increasing development, courtesy of the new settlers, stone buildings began to replace wooden ones in Prague. In 1241 Wenceslaus successfully repelled a raid on Bohemia by Batu Khan, although Moravia suffered devastation at the hands of the Mongols. Because Mongols did not sent main army to Poland, Bohemia and Silesia. That was consisted of only 20.000 mongols who defeated european elite knights such as Knight Templars, Teutonic knights, Hospitallers and mounted Polish heavy knights. In 1248 Wenceslaus had to deal with a rebellion of the nobility, led by his son Otakar. The rebellion was quelled and Otakar imprisoned. Wenceslaus' foreign policy was focused on acquiring the neighbouring Duchy of Austria, which had been without a ruler since the death of Duke Frederick II in 1246. To reach that aim, Wenceslaus arranged a marriage of his first born son and heir Vladislaus with the last Duke's niece Gertrud. Vladislaus received the homage of the Austrian nobility, but died shortly afterwards. Gertrude now married Herman VI, Margrave of Baden, who now claimed the Duchy. However, since Hermann was rejected by the Austrian estates and could not establish his rule in Austria, Wenceslaus invaded Austria in 1250 - according to some sources, the estates called him in to restore order. Wenceslaus now released his second son Otakar and in 1251 made him margrave of Moravia and, installed him, with the approval of the Austria nobles, as governor of Austria. Otakar entered Austria, where the estates acclaimed him as Duke. To legitimize his position, Otakar married the late Duke's sister Margaret, who was his senior by thirty years, in February 1252. In 1253, King Wenceslaus died and was succeeded by Otakar. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Wenzel I. 1230-1253 Wenzel I. 1230-1253 Wenzel I. 1230-1253 Bracteate, Prague mint. 46 mm 0,95g. Bracteate, Prague mint. 0,99g. Bracteate, Prague mint. 0,89g. King standing facing, with 2 star-corss scepters. King enthroned facing with 2 fleur-de-lis scepters. King enthroned facing, with orb and fleur-de-lis scepter. Reference: Cach 730, Slg. Hohenkubin 496, Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce. Small rim breaks, VF. Reference: Cach - (like 708); Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF Estimate EUR 150. Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 502 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 550 EUR (approx. 775 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 726; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. Extremely rare. VF-XF. Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 850 EUR (approx. 1,198 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Wenzel I. 1230-1253 Bracteate, Prague mint. 0,87g. King enthroned facing, with 2 scepters. Reference: Cach 742; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. Slight rim damage, VF. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 410 EUR (approx. 578 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Ottokar II, 1253-1278 Premysl Otakar II (also spelled Ottokar or Premysl Otakar/Ottokar) (c. 1230 – August 26, 1278), The Iron and Golden King, was a king of Bohemia (1253–1278). He was the second son of King Wenceslaus I of the Premyslid dynasty, and through his mother, Kunigunde, was related to the Hohenstaufen family, being a grandson of the German king, Philip of Swabia. Ottokar was originally educated for the role of an ecclesiastical administrator. However, after the death in 1247 of Vladislaus, Margrave of Moravia, Ottokar's older brother and the heir of Bohemia, Ottokar became the heir. According to popular oral tradition, Ottokar was profoundly shocked by his brother's death and did not involve himself in politics, becoming focused on hunting and drinking. In 1248 he was enticed by discontented nobles to lead a rebellion against his father, King Wenceslaus. During this rebellion he received the nickname "the younger King" (mladší král). The rebellion was defeated and Ottokar was imprisoned by his father. Father and son were eventually reconciled to assist the King's aim of acquiring the neighbouring Duchy of Austria. The Duchy had been without a ruler since the death of Duke Frederick II in 1246. Wenceslaus initially attempted to acquire the duchy by marrying his heir, Vladislav, to the last Duke's niece Gertrude. That match had been cut short by Vladislav's death and Gertrude's re-marriage to the Margrave of Baden. The latter was rejected by the Austrian estates and could not establish his rule in Austria. Wenceslaus used this as pretext to invade Austria in 1250 - according to some sources, the estates called upon him in to restore order. Wenceslaus released Ottokar and in 1251 made him Margrave of Moravia and installed him, with the approval of the Austria nobles, as governor of Austria. Ottokar entered Austria, where the estates acclaimed him as Duke. To legitimize his position, Ottokar married the late Duke's sister Margaret, who was his senior by thirty years and was the widow of Henry of Hohenstaufen (who, ironically, had been engaged to Ottokar's aunt Saint Agnes of Bohemia prior to marrying Margaret). In 1253, King Wenceslaus died and Ottokar succeeded his father as King of Bohemia. After the death of the German King Konrad IV, Ottokar also hoped at obtaining the Imperial dignity for himself, but his election bid was unsuccessful. Feeling threatened by Ottokar's growing regional power, Béla IV of Hungary, King of Hungary challenged the young King. Bela formed a loose alliance with the Duke of Bavaria and claimed the Duchy of Styria, which had been a component of Austria since 1192. The conflict was quelled through the Pope's mediation. It was agreed that Ottokar was to yield large parts of Styria to Bela in exchange for recognition of his right to the remainder of Austria. However, after a few years the conflict resumed and Ottokar defeated the Hungarians in July 1260 at the Battle of Kressenbrunn. Bela now ceded Styria back to Ottokar, and his claim to those territories was formally recognized by the Emperor, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. This peace agreement was also sealed by a royal marriage. Ottokar ended his marriage to Margaret and married Bela's young granddaughter Kunigunde. Kunigunde became the mother of his children, the youngest of them became his only legitimate son Wenceslaus. Ottokar II also led two expeditions against the pagan Old Prussians and founded Königsberg, which was named in his honour and later became the capital of Prussia. In 1269 he inherited Carinthia and part of Carniola. His claim was once again contested by the Hungarians on the field of battle. After another victory he became the most powerful prince within the Empire. A new election for the Imperial German throne took place in 1273. But Ottokar was again not the successful candidate. He refused to recognize his victorious rival, Rudolph of Habsburg, and urged the Pope to adopt a similar policy. At a convention of the Reichstag at Frankfurt in 1274, Rudolph decreed that all imperial lands that had changed hands since the death of Emperor Frederick II must be returned to the crown. This would have deprived Ottokar of Styria, Austria, and Carinthia. In 1276 Rudolph placed Ottokar under the ban of the empire and besieged Vienna. This compelled Otakar in November 1276 to sign a new treaty by which he gave up all claims to Austria and the neighbouring duchies, retaining for himself only Bohemia and Moravia. Ottokar's son Wenceslaus was also betrothed to Rudolph's daughter Judith. It was an uneasy peace. Two years later, the Bohemian king tried to recover his lost lands by force. He found allies and collected a large army, but he was defeated by Rudolph and killed at the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen on the March on August 26, 1278. His son was Wenceslaus II succeeded him as King of Bohemia and Margrave of Moravia. Ottokar is meant to the biggest Czech ruler (together with Charles IV). He was a founder of many new towns (circ. 30 – not only in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia but also in Austria and Styria) and encorporated many existing settlements through civic charters. He was a strong proponent of trade, law and order. Furthermore, he instituted open immigration policies though which skilled German-speaking immigrants settled in major cities throughout his domains. He is a famous figure both in Czech history and in folkloric legend. In the Divine Comedy by Dante, Ottokar is seen outside the gates of Purgatory, in amiable companionship with his imperial rival Rudolph. He is also the protagonist of a tragedy by the 19th century Austrian playwright Franz Grillparzer. *NOTE: Coins for Ottokar II which follow are all BOHEMIA, unless otherwise noted. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 0,60g. Bracteate, Moravia 16 mm 0,47g. Denar, Prague mmint. 1,19 g Obv.: Crowned Bohemian lion lleft. Two eagles heads facing outward, under branch. Obv.: Enthroned king with scepter and orb. Reference: Cach 843, Slg. Donebauer 804, Auktion Lanz XIII 529. Small flan break. VF+ Reference: Cach 951, Lanz XIII-566. VF. Rev.: Enthroned saint, looking left, flag in right hand, left raised in blessing. Estimate: EUR 100. Reference: Cach 661, Slg. Hohenkubin 468, Slg. Dietiker 39. Weak strike in edge areas; VF. Estimate EUR 60. Price realized: 55 EUR (approx. 73 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate for Moravia, 20 mm 0,47g. Bracteate, 1260 - 1278. 27 mm 0,73g. Bracteate, 1260 - 1278. 24 mm 0,77g. Crowned king between ball each side of neck. Crowned head facing. Crowned lion walking right, Austrian shield above. Reference: Cach 952, Lanz XIII-567. 0,47g. XF. Reference: Cach 824, Lanz XIII - 519. Scarce1 XF. Reference: Cach 831, Lanz XIII -. Scarce. VF. 0,73 g. Estimation DM 250. Price realized: 150 DEM (approx. 79 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimation DM 300. Price realized: 270 DEM (approx. 142 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 90 EUR (approx. 116 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia 19 mm 0,64g. Denar, 19 mm 0,73g. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253/1270 19 mm 0,55g. Double lily between moon and sun. Obv.: Small head facing under winged cross, broad bulge ring, points around outside. Bust between towers, under 2 facing beak-touching eagles’ heads. Rev.: Lion (?) left. Reference: Cach 914, Slg. Hohenkubin 541 (dieses Exemplar!), Slg. Dietiker -.Fine patina, VF. 0,55 g Reference: Cach 925, Lanz XIII-546. Dark toning. Beautiful! Estimate: EUR 100. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 171 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 937. 0,73g. Weak strike, VF. Estimate: EUR 100. Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 180 EUR (approx. 251 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253/1270 19 mm 0,80g. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253/1270 19 mm 0,50g. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253/1270 16 mm 0,45g. 3/4 bust facing with 2 fleur-de-lis scepters, over central tower of wall with 3 towers. Crowned heard facing, 2 balls each side of neck. Arch topped with cross between 2 towers; rosette beneath arch. Reference: Cach 920, Slg. Hohenkubin 542 (this example!), Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce, VF. Reference: Cach 952, Slg. Hohenkubin 567 (this example!), Slg. Dietiker -. VF & beautiful! Reference: Cach 964, Slg. Hohenkubin 577 (dieses Exemplar!), Slg. Dietiker -. Scarce! VF. Estimate EUR 100. Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 223 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 260 EUR (approx. 363 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253/1270 19 mm 0,45g. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253/1270 19 mm 0,45g. Bracteate, for Zittau, Oberlausitz, 37 mm 0,77g. Arch topped with tower between sun and moon; cross below arch. Crowned angel facing. King with shield. Reference: Cach 969, Slg. Hohenkubin 580 (dieses Exemplar!), Slg. Dietiker -. VF. Reference: Haupt (Zur Münzkunde des Landes Zittau im Mittelalter, in: Der Münzensammler 6, Nr. 72, Beilage S. 1-49, Budweis 1933). Cach -. Very scarce, fine toning. VF. Reference: Cach 966, Slg. Hohenkubin 578, Slg. Dietiker -. VF. Estimate EUR 75 Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 220 EUR (approx. 307 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 200. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 395 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 38 mm 0,72g. Bracteate, 39 mm 0,72g. Bracteate, 38 mm 0,69g. Enthroned king facing with fleur-de-list scepter and tower. Enthroned king with tower and lion. Enthroned king with sword and fleur-de-list scepter. Reference: Cach 765, Lanz XIII -. Scarce, fine toning. Flan break at edge. Very nice! Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 280 EUR (approx. 346 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 770, Lanz XIII-504. Scarce, spotty Reference: Cach 772, Lanz XIII-505.Scarce! Dark toning, edge break, but still VF. toning. F. Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 50 EUR (approx. Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 65 EUR (approx. 80 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 62 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 26 mm 0,73g. Bracteate, 27 mm 0,75g. Bracteate, 27 mm 0,66g. Seated king facing with 2 orbs. +REX’OTACHARVZ (Z retrograde), chest-high bust before 3-towered building. Busts of king and queen under double arches. Ball above arch. Reference: Cach 816 var., Lanz XIII-513. 0,75g. Scarce, spotty toning. VF. Reference: Cach 823, Lanz XIII-518. Scarce, dark toning, slight rim damage. VF. , Estimate: EUR 400. Price realized: 440 EUR (approx. 543 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 150. Price realized: 340 EUR (approx. 420 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 810, Lanz XIII-509. Spotty toning, VF. Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 140 EUR (approx. 173 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 27 mm 0,71g. Bracteate, 25 mm 0,69g. Bracteate, 25 mm 0,48g. Crowned lion left, with shield on chest. Rampant crowned Bohemian lion left. King with sword and shield right. Reference: Cach 842, Lanz XIII-528. Dark toning, VF. Reference: Cach 843, Lanz XIII-529. Dark toning, VF. Reference: Cach 844, Lanz XIII-531. Dark toning, VF. Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 290 EUR (approx. 358 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 75 EUR (approx. Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 45 EUR (approx. 93 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 56 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Denar, Moravia. 17 mm 0,85g. Bracteate, Moravia 19 mm 0,63g. Bracteate, Moravia 19 mm 0,40g. Obv.: Crowned bust facing. Lamb right, looking backwards. 2 rings above. Agnus Dei left, head lookign backwards. Rev.: Fabulous creature Reference:Cach 938, Lanz XIII-553. Small rim break, VF. Reference: Cach 942, Lanz XIII-558. VF Reference: Cach 905, Lanz XIII-534. VF. Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 65 EUR (approx. Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 85 EUR (approx. 80 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 105 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 80 EUR (approx. 99 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia 17 mm 0,39g. Bracteate, Moravia 18 mm 0,37g. Bracteate, Moravia 22 mm 0,36g. 2 Eagles heads facing outward, under branch. Fabulous creature with sword & Austrian shield right. King’s head under eagle. (Lion?) Reference: Cach 951, Lanz XIII-566.VF Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 35 EUR (approx. 43 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 958, Lanz XIII-573. VF Reference: Cach 987, Lanz XIII -. Scarce, fine toning, VF. From the hoard of Cejc, Kreis Hodonin (1931). Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 61 EUR (approx. 75 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 136 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Denar, Moravia 1253/1270 0,65g. Bracteate, 1253-1260 0,72g. Bracteate, 26 mm after 1260 0,67g. Obv.: Crowned head facing, balls each side of neck. King facing, tower left, standing lion right. Lion left. Rev.: Fabulous creature with wings and fish tail. Reference: Cach 770; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 504. Rare, VF. Reference: Cach 832, Lanz XIII-523. Scarce! Nice toning, VF. Estimate: 300 EUR. Price realized: 400 EUR (approx. 510 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimation: EUR 80. Price realized: 125 EUR (approx. 163 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 905. Hohenkubin 534. Estimate: CHF 100. Price realized: 80 CHF (approx. 65 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 27 mm after 1260 0,79g. Bracteate, 29 mm 1260/78. 0,60g. Bohemian lion left, shield on body. King with sword and shield right. Reference: Cach 842, Lanz XIII-528. Weak strike, VF. Reference: Cach 844, Slg. Hohenkubin 531, Slg. Dietiker -. Break at rim, but VF condition. Estimation: EUR 50. Price realized: 140 EUR (approx. 183 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Denar, Moravia 19 mm 1247/53 0,82g. Bracteate, Prague mint. 1253-1260, 1,02 g. Obv.: Crowned bust facing. King enthroned facing with 2 swords, each with star on it. Rev.: Eagle facing right. Reference: Cach 758; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF. Reference: Cach 901, Smerda -, Slg. Hohenkubin -, Slg. Dietiker -. VF. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 460 EUR (approx. 648 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 75. Price realized: 67 EUR (approx. 84 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,67g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,82g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,60g. Enthroned king facing with sword and palm branch. Head of king facing, around it 4 fish in a circle. Lion walking to right, cross-staff behind it. Reference: Cach 813; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 511. Rare. Beautiful toning, XF. Reference: Cach 825; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 520 (this example.). VF. Reference: Cach - (vgl. 830-831); Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. Very rare, VF+ Estimate: 250 EUR. Price realized: 440 EUR (approx. 620 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 90 EUR (approx. 127 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 525 EUR (approx. 740 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,67g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,59g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,51g. Crowned head facing, between rings, under arch with 3 towers, side towers with dots above. Crowned lion left, shield on chest. Rampant crowned Bohemian lion left. Reference: Cach 842; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 528. VF & Beautiful! Reference: Cach 843; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 530. VF+ Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 160 EUR (approx. 225 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 85 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 840; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 526. Dark toning. VF. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 150 EUR (approx. 211 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 0,64g. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,32g. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,69g. Head of k ing facing, over 2 facing birds; rosettes at side of head. Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 75 EUR (approx. 106 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Chest-highi bust of Moravian duke left, with sword Rampant crowned Bohemian lion left. and scepter. ring between sword and head. Reference: Cach 924; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz Reference: Cach 917 a. Very rare, small rim dam- 1979, 545 (this example). VF+ age. VF & Beautiful! Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 80 EUR Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. 113 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) (approx. 169 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,50g. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,68g. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,67g. Double lily between sun and moon. two griffins back to back, looking at each other; column between them. King standing facing, in each hand a flower scepter. Reference: Cach 921; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 544. Somewhat cleaned. VF. Reference: Cach 925; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 546. Minor damage, VF+ Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 190 EUR (approx. 268 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 927; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 547. Somewhat cleaned, VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 451 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 930; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 550 (this example). Small rim break, VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 280 EUR (approx. 394 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,63g. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,54g. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,52g. Lamb walking right, looking backwards. Crowned head facing in ornamental border. Agnus Dei walking left. Reference:Cach 938; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 553. VF. Reference: Cach 941; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 555 (this example). Rare! Irregular flan, VF. Reference: Cach 942; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 558. Beautiful condition! Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 150 EUR (approx. 211 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 200 EUR (approx. 282 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 155 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,47g. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,44g. Denar, Moravia 1253-1270 0,40g. Crowned head facing, ball each side of neck. Tower, animal with horns (dragon?) to right, facing Obv.: Lion left under wall-arch with 3 towers. right. Ball between beast and tower. Rev.: Lion left. Reference: Cach 956; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz Reference: Cach 972; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF! 1979, 582. Good VF. Estimate: 125 EUR. Price realized: 100 EUR Estimate: 25 EUR. Price realized: 25 EUR (approx. (approx. 141 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) 35 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 952; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 567. VF & Beautiful! Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 110 EUR (approx. 155 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia 1253-1270 0,37g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,86g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,79g. Half-bust of Duke left, with sword and scepter. Ringlet between head and sword. Crowned bust facing, 3 towered building behind. Crowned half-bust facing, with sword and fleur-delist scepter. Reference: Cach 917 b. Very rare. VF++ Reference: Cach 817; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 513. VF. Schätzpreis: 250,00 EUR. Price realized: 210 EUR (approx. 241 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 150 EUR. Price realized: 180 EUR (approx. 238 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,86g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,64g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,84g. eagle with king’s head facing, over facing bust. Ball on each side of lower bust. Facing busts of king and queen in gothic windows.Ball at top in window arch. Lion right, tower above. Reference: Cach 822; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF. Reference: Cach 823; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 518. Rare, beautiful. Schätzpreis: 40,00 EUR. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. 133 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 250,00 EUR. Price realized: 320 EUR (approx. 354 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 820; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 516. Rare. Magnificent specimen! Schätzpreis: 250,00 EUR. Price realized: 290 EUR (approx. 321 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 828; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 522. Very rare! VF. Schätzpreis: 150,00 EUR. Price realized: 150 EUR (approx. 166 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,68g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,55g. Denar, Moravia, 1253-1270 0,51g. Head facing between 2 rings and under arch with 3 towers; side towers with dots. Obv.: Half-bust facing, with lily scepter and orb. Obv.: Lion left. Reference: Cach 848; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 532. Rare. VF. Rev.: King between 2 towers. Reference: Cach 840; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 526. Small hole; rim break. VF. Estimate: 60,00 EUR. Schätzpreis: 150,00 EUR. Price realized: 200 EUR (approx. 221 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 906; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 537. Very rare! VF. Estimate: 80,00 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 144 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253-1270 0,54g. Bracteate, Moravia, 1270-1278 0,48 g. Bracteate, Moravia, 1270-1278 0,60g. Lamb walking left; Austrian shield above it, ball right in field. King walking right with sword. Austrian shield, helmet above, arm left out of shield, holding sword. Reference: Cach 960 leicht var.; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 576 leicht var. VF. Estimate: 50,00 EUR. Price realized: 85 EUR (approx. 94 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 979; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 586. VF. Estimate: 100,00 EUR. Price realized: 140 EUR (approx. 155 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 980; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF. Schätzpreis: 75,00 EUR. Price realized: 145 EUR (approx. 160 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, Moravia, 1253-1270 0,64g. Bracteate, 0,61g. Bracteate, 1260-1278 0,70g. 2 heads on towers face each other; column between them, turreted tower beneath column. Crowned bust facing under arch. Rampant bohemian lion left. Reference: Cach 839. Patina. Slight damage. Reference: Cach 843. Patina. Estimation: 100,00. Price realized: 340 EUR (approx. 405 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimation: 50,00. Price realized: 80 EUR (approx. 95 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 912, Wielandt (Baden) 22. Scarce. VF. Estimate: 175 EUR. Price realized: 260 EUR (approx. 344 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 0,64g. Bracteate, 0,45g. Bracteate, Moravia. 0,63g. Chest-high bust facing with lilie and cross staff. Steinbock right, looking backward, rings in field. Crowed bust facing, ball at either side of neck. Reference: Cach 860. Patina. Reference: Cach 938. Beautiful! Reference: Cach 952. Patina, beautiful. Estimation: 50,00. Price realized: 125 EUR (approx. 149 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimation: 75,00. Price realized: 80 EUR (approx. 95 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimation: 75,00. Price realized: 1 10 EUR (approx. 131 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Denar. Prague mint. Bracteate, Moravia. 0,41g. Bracteate, 0,83g. Obv.: Half-bust of king left with orb and fleur-de-lis scepter. Crowned spread eagle left, with sword and ring. Seated king with 2 orbs. Reference: Cach 1000 var. Rare! Dark patina. Nice! Reference: Cach 810. Nice patina. Minor damage. Rev.: Griffin left. 0,51g. Reference: Slg. Hohenstaufen 1535 (Zuweisung von Gaettens nach Eger). Cach 819. Rare! Dark patina. Price: 120,00. Price realized: 100 EUR (approx. 111 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Price: 200,00. Price realized: 280 EUR (approx. 275 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 200 EUR. Price realized: 270 EUR (approx. 345 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Premysl II. Ottokar 1253-1278. Bracteate, 0,31g. Bracteate, 0,36g. Eagle design. Tower at left; griffin walking right frm behind tower; runglet above griffin. Reference: Cach 956, Auktion Lanz XIII —. Scarce! VF+ Reference: Cach 956, Auktion Lanz XIII —. Scarce! VF+ Vaclav II (Wenceslaus II) - 1278-1305 Wenceslaus II Premyslid (Czech: Václav II; Polish: Waclaw II Czeski; September 17, 1271 – June 21, 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278 - 1305), Duke of Cracow (1291 - 1305) and King of Poland (1300 - 1305). He was the only son of King Ottokar II "the Great" of Bohemia and Ottokar's second wife Kunigunda. Kunigunda was the daughter of Rostislav, lord of Slavonia, son of a Grand Duke of Kiev and Anna of Hungary, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary. Wenceslaus's father died in battle August 26, 1278, shortly before Wenceslaus's seventh birthday. Before Wenceslaus became of age, the government was handled by Otto IV Margrave of Brandenburg, who is said to have held Wenceslaus captive in several locations. Later his mother's secret husband, Záviš of Falkenštejn ruled for him. On January 24, 1285, Wenceslaus married Judith of Habsburg, daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf I, to whom he had been betrothed since 1276. In 1290 Wenceslaus had Záviš beheaded for alleged treason and began ruling independently. In 1291 Przemysl II, High Duke of Poland, ceded the sovereign duchy of Krakow to Wenceslaus. Kraków was associated with the overlordship of Poland, but Przemysl held the other duchies and in 1295 was crowned King of Poland. After Przemysl's death in 1296 Wenceslaus became overlord of Poland and in 1300 was crowned King of Poland. He was planning to invade Austria when he died in 1305. He was succeeded by his son, Wenceslaus III (Václav III.), last of the Premyslid kings in male line. In 1298 silver was discovered at Hory Kutné (Kutná Hora, Kuttenberg) in Central Bohemia. Wenceslaus took control of the mine by making silver production a royal monopoly, and issued the Prague groschen with became the most popular of the early Groschen-type coins. Kutná Hora was one of the richest European silver strikes ever: between 1300 and 1340, the mine may have produced as much as 20 tons of silver a year. In 1301, Wenceslaus' kinsman Andrew III of Hungary died and with him the Árpád dynasty in male line. Wenceslaus was one of the relatives who claimed the throne, and he accepted it from a party of Hungarians on behalf of his young son in the same year. They never succeeded in having more than a portion of Hungary submitted under their rule. Queen Judith had died in 1297. Wenceslaus's second wife was Elisabeth Richeza, daughter of Przemysl II, King of Poland 1295 - 1296. After Wenceslaus's death, she married Rudolph of Habsburg, duke of Austria, who also became king of Bohemia for a brief period in those unruly years. Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Prager Groschen Kuttenberg mint. After 1298. 3,71g Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail). Estimate: EUR 30. Price realized: 70 EUR (approx. 97 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Prager Groschen Kuttenberg mint. 1278-1305. Bracteate, 1278/1300 0,45g. Bracteate, 0,28g. Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Facing half-bust with scepter and corr-formed hands. In thick circle. Eagle under 3-towered wall. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion (with double tail). Reference: Castelin 5; Slg. Donebauer 807. Beautiful! Estimation: 200 EUR. Price realized: 525 EUR (approx. 714 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: C. -, Lanz XIII-658. 0,63g.VF. Reference: Cach 860, Slg. Hohenkubin 648. F to VF. Estimation: DM 100. Price realized: 85 DEM (approx. 37 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate EUR 50. Price realized: 50 EUR (approx. 67 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Bracteate, 20 mm 0,40g. Bracteate, 28 mm 0,73g. Bracteate, 24 mm 0,34g. Lion facing left with cross-flag. Half-bust facing with scepter and cross-formed hands. In thick border. Man-headed crowned eagle facing. Reference: C. -, Don. -, Lanz XIII -.From Lanz 73 (1995), Nr. 447. Very rare! Rine toning, VF. Reference: Cach 860, Lanz XIII - 648. Scarce! VF. Estimation: DM 250. Price realized: 250 DEM (approx. 109 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimation DM 150. Price realized: 140 DEM (approx. 74 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Bracteate, Moravia 1278/1300 24 mm 0,55g. Bracteate, Moravia 1278/1300 22 mm 0,55g. Bracteate, Moravia 1278/1300 0,34g. Two crowned fish-like fabulous creatures facing outward, heads turned to each other to center. Facing head under arch, topped by tower between 2 unidentified symbols. Wall wtih a turreted tower between 2 pointed towers; crown under arch. Reference: Cach 1001, Slg. Hohenkubin 664 (This example!), Slg. Dietiker -. Fine patina, excellent! Reference: Cach 994. Donebauer 605. Hohenkubin 661. Good VF. Ex Slg. Horsky, Auktion Adolph Hess Nachf., Frankfurt a. M., 7. November 1910, Lot 394. Ex Slg. Hohenkubin, Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz, 23. November 1979, Lot 661. Reference: Cach 1010. Donebauer 619. Hohenkubin 668. VF. Ex Slg. Hohenkubin, Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz, 23. November 1979, Lot 668. Estimate EUR 100. Price realized: 120 EUR (approx. 168 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 873. Scarce! Edde broken, but VF.. Estimate: CHF 50. Price realized: 90 CHF (approx. 73 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimation DM 100. Price realized: 100 DEM (approx. 53 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: CHF 50. Price realized: 400 CHF (approx. 324 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Bracteate, Prague mint. 0,62g. Bracteate, Moravia 1278/1300 0,41g. Bracteate, 1278-1300 0,84g. Lily-scepter between 2 eagles, with heads turned inward toward each other. Crowned half-bust facing, with ball and ring. King facing with two half-lilies. Reference: Cach 992. Slg. Hohenkubin 660. Made dull-toned. VF. Reference: Cach 855; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 646. VF. Estimate: EUR 30. Price realized: 24 EUR (approx. 32 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 140 EUR (approx. 197 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Bracteate, 1278-1300 0,58g. Bracteate, 0,54g. Bracteate, Moravia 1278/1300 0,43g. Hafl-bust of king facing, in each hand a vine tendril. Bust facing between towers on lily-formed arms. Two heads facing eath other to center; twisted 3-turreted tower. Reference: Cach 856; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, -. VF. Reference: Donebauer -, Cach 859 var., Auktion Lanz XIII 647. VF. Reference: Cach 999; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 663 (this example). Rim damage, VF+. Reference: 0,62 g. Cach - . Slg. Doneb. - . Slg. Hohenkubin 656. VF. Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 80 EUR (approx. 107 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 280 EUR (approx. 394 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 300 EUR (approx. 423 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Bracteate, 1278-1300 0,80g. Bracteate, Moravia 1278/1300 0,48g. Bracteate, Moravia 0,34g. King facing with 2 half-lilies. Two heads facing each other, twisted 3-turreted tower between them. Small eagle head sand lions next to scepter. Reference: Cach 855; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 646. VF. Schätzpreis: 125,00 EUR. Price realized: 165 EUR (approx. 182 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 999; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 663. VF. Schätzpreis: 75,00 EUR. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 66 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Assignment uncertain.. Cach vgl. 1006. Very rare! Dark patina, beautiful! Estimation: 50,00. Price realized: 45 EUR (approx. 54 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Bracteate, Prague mint. 0,74g. Bracteate, 27 mm 0,69g. Bracteate, Moravia 1278/1300 0,40g. Rampant lion with decroated tail left. King’s head facing between rings, al inder arch with 3 towers. Lion-like fabulous beast with sword to left. Reference: Cach -. Doneb. -. Slg. Bonhoff -. Slg. Hohenkubin 655. Scarce. Broken edge. VF. Estimation: CHF 80. Price realized: 100 CHF (approx. 84 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Cach 840, Lanz XIII-527. Flan cracks, very nice! Reference: Cach 1002. Donebauer 616. Hohenkubin 665. Rim broken. Green deposits. VF. Ex Slg. Hohenkubin, Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz, 23. November 1979, Lot 665. Estimate: EUR 75. Estimate: CHF 75. Price realized: 90 CHF (approx. 73 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Vaclav II. 1278-1305 Bracteate, 28 mm 0,61g. Prager Groschen Prague mint. ca. 1300. 3,79g King’s head facing between towers on lily-formed arms. Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Reference: Cach 852, Lanz XIII-644. Fine toning, small crack on edge, but still beautiful! Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail). Estimate: EUR 75. Price realized: 115 EUR (approx. 142 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Doneb. 807 var.; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 607. Good strike, exceptional example! Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 900 EUR (approx. 1,268 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Vaclav III (Wenceslaus III) - 1305-1306 Wenceslaus III Premyslid (Czech and Slovak Václav, German: Wenzel III, Hungarian Vencel, Polish Waclaw, (October 6, 1289 – August 4, 1306, Olomouc, Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic) was the King of Hungary (1301 - 1305) and King of Bohemia (1305 - 1306). Wenceslaus III was the son of Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia and Poland, and Judith von Habsburg, the daughter of Rudolf I, King of Germany. He faced the problem of internal quarrels in Hungary and in Poland. Wenceslaus was the last of the male Premyslid rulers of Bohemia. His sister, Elisabeth (Eliška), heiress of Bohemia, married John "The Blind" of Luxembourg, who assumed the Bohemian throne in his wife's right. His father accepted the crown of Hungary on behalf of Wenceslaus III in 1301. On August 27, 1301, Wenceslaus III was crowned in Stuhlweißenburg as the King of Hungary and as such assumed the name Ladislaus V (Hungarian: László [1], Czech, Slovak and Croatian: Ladislav). At that time the Kingdom of Hungary was split into several de-facto principalities, and Wenceslaus was only accepted as the King of Hungary by the rulers in modern Slovakia (Matthew Csák and the Abas), in Burgenland (the Güssings [Koszegis]) and on territory around the capital, Buda. But the Abas and Matthew Csák switched sides in 1303 and started to support Wenceslaus' rival Charles Robert of Anjou. Consequently, the young Wenceslaus, in Ofen (Buda), became afraid and wrote to his father in Prague for help. His father took a large army and invaded Buda, but having considered the situation, he took his son and the Hungarian crown and returned to Bohemia. Ivan of Güssing was named to represent Wenceslaus III in Hungary. After his father's death, Wenceslaus III decided to renounce the Hungarian throne, and on December 6, 1305, he relinquished the crown to Otto, Duke of Lower Bavaria. But Otto, supported only by the Güssings, was imprisoned in 1307 and abdicated the throne in 1308, leaving Charles Robert as ruler of Hungary. In Hungarian historiography he is noted as an antiking during the interregnum of 1301-1310. Wenceslaus III, however, wanted to claim his hereditary right to the Polish throne, but was murdered under mysterious circumstances in Olomouc, Moravia on August 4, 1306, while on a campaign to that end. Heinrich von Kärnten, 1306; 1307-1310 Henry VI of Carinthia (circa 1265 – 2 April 1335) was Count of Tyrol and Duke of Carinthia and Carniola from 1295 until 1335, titular King of Poland. He was the son of Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol and Elisabeth of Bavaria, a daughter of Duke Otto II. He originally ruled jointly with his brothers Otto and Louis, but outlived them. He was also the elected (1306) and actual King of Bohemia (1307-1310). After the murder of Wenceslaus III he was elected, as husband of Anna Premyslid, the daughter of Wenceslaus II. He was deposed in 1310 by John of Luxembourg. Since he was the last male heir of the Meinhardiner dynasty, he attempted to maintain their possessions, in which he ultimately failed. Even though he had supported Louis the Bavarian in his dispute about the imperial crown against the Habsburg Frederick the Handsome and Louis had assured him in 1330 that his daughters could succeed him, Louis reneged on his promise, and the Habsburg managed to take control over Carinthia after his death. His daughter Margarete Maultasch succeeded him in Tyrol, but ultimately had to bequeath her land to the Habsburgs as well. Bohemia Heinrich von Kärnten, 1307-1310. Parvus Kuttenberg mint. 0,28 g Crowned bust facing, with long to the collar curls. Rev.: Double-tailedl rampant lion left. Reference: Doneb. 810. R Unregelmäßiger Schrötling, sehr schön Schätzpreis: 30,00 EUR. Price realized: 70 EUR (approx. 77 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Rudolph I of Bohemia - 1306–1307 Rudolf I of Habsburg (Czech: Rudolf I. Habsburský; 1281 – 3/4 July 1307, Horadovice in Bohemia) was King of Bohemia (1306–1307), Duke of Austria (as Rudolph III), and titular King of Poland 1306–1307. He was the son of Albert I of Germany and Elisabeth of Tirol. On May 25, 1300, he married Blanche, daughter of Philip III of France by his second wife Maria of Brabant. Their only daughter died young, and Blanche herself died in 1305. Rudolf was presented in 1306 as a rival claimant to the Bohemian throne against Henry of Carinthia. Albert had Rudolf married to Elisabeth Richeza of Poland, widow of Wenceslas II of Bohemia (1278–1305) and in 1306 occupied Prague to place Rudolf on the Czech throne. As some Czech nobles continued to hold out for Henry of Carinthia, Rudolf besieged the rebel fortress of Horadovice, but fell ill of dysentery and died there in 1307, leaving no children. The Czech nobles then restored Henry of Carinthia as king in return for a charter of privileges. Johann ‘The Blind’ of Luxemburg 1310-1346 John the Blind (Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg; Czech: Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346) was the Count of Luxembourg from 1309, King of Bohemia, and titular King of Poland from 1310. He was the eldest son of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII and his wife Margaret of Brabant. John was French by education, but deeply involved in the politics of Germany. In 1310, John married Elisabeth, heiress of Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, and thereby became King of Bohemia and so one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. The object of the hostility of the Czech nobility, however, he gave up the administration of Bohemia and embarked on a life of travel, spending time in Luxembourg and the French court. His travels took him to Silesia, Poland, Lithuania, Tyrol, Northern Italy, Papal Avignon, and Languedoc, where he was governor from 30 November 1338 to November 1340. He lost his eyesight from ophthalmia, while crusading in Lithuania with the Teutonic order. He retained his crown even after Elisabeth's death in 1330. His second wife was Beatrice, daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon. He was killed whilst fighting alongside the French against the English at the Battle of Crécy, part of the Hundred Years' War. The chronicler Froissart left the following account of John's last actions: ...for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood the order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting.' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword.' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in the press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other. After the battle, legend states that John's personal crest (a pair of black wings) and motto Ich dien ("I Serve") were adopted in slightly modified form by Edward, the Black Prince, and since then they have been part of the badge of the Prince of Wales. John was succeeded as King of Bohemia by his eldest son Charles (later Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor). In Luxembourg, he was succeeded by his son by his second wife, Wenceslaus. Before he died at the Battle of Crécy, he cried: "God willing, it will never happen that a Bohemian king runs off a fight!" Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Esterlin (1311) Kuttenberg mint. 1,45 g English type. Parvus Kuttenberg mint. 14 mm 0,55g. Prager Groschen 3,71 g Obv.: Rampant crowned Bohemian lion left. Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Rev.: Half-bust of St. Wenzel facing, with spear and shield, body turned slightly right. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail). Obv.: Crowned bust facing, with long curled hair. Rev.: Rampant crowned Bohemian lion left. Obverse slightly double-struck. VF. Reference: Doneb. 828; Weiller 337. Of greatest rarity. VF. Estimate: 2,000,00 EUR. Price realized: 3,600 EUR (approx. 3,559 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Reference: Hásková 76 var. VF. Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 170 EUR (approx. 210 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: EUR 50. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 83 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Prager Groschen Kuttenberg mint. 3,81 g Parvus (1311-1319) Kuttenberg mint. 0,45g. Prager Groschen Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Obv.: Rampant crowned Bohemian lion left. Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail). Rev.: Half-bust of St. Wenzel facing, with spear and shield. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail). Reference: Doneb. 817. Slight rim cut. Beautiful! Reference: Doneb. 824. VF. Reference: Slg. Donebauer 817 ff, Weiller 336. Beautiful patina! VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 60 EUR (approx. 85 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Schätzpreis: 30,00 EUR. Price realized: 80 EUR (approx. 88 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 165 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Johann von Luxemburg, 1310-1346. Prager Groschen Weißpfennig (silver) Kuttenberg mint. 0,30 g Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Obv.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail). Rev.: Embossing traces of Saint with light(?) and cross staff. Rs: Prägespuren eines Geistlichen mit Schein (?) und Kreuzstab Reference: Donebauer 817 ff, Weiller 336. Beautiful patina! XF. VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 100 EUR (approx. 127 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Charles I (IV) - 1346-78 Son of Jan. Also Holy Roman Emperor. In fact, the first Bohemian king with this name but traditionally titled identically as in Holy Roman Empire. Charles IV (Czech: Karel IV., German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV. Károly; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378), born Wenceslaus (Václav), was the eleventh king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1355 until his death. He was the eldest son and heir of John the Blind, from whom he inherited Luxembourg and the Kingdom of Bohemia on 26 August 1346. Charles IV was crowned King of Bohemia on 2 September 1347, as Charles I. He was elected King of the Romans (rex Romanorum) in opposition to Louis IV on 11 July that year and crowned on 26 November in Bonn. In 1349, he was elected (17 June) and crowned (25 July) King of the Romans without opposition. In 1355 he was crowned King of Italy on 6 January and Holy Roman Emperor on 5 April. With his coronation as King of Burgundy, delayed until 4 June 1365, he became the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. He was born to John and Elisabeth I of Bohemia in Prague as Wenceslaus (Václav), the name of her father, but later chose the name Charles at his confirmation after he went to France, at the court of his uncle, Charles IV of France, where he remained for seven years. Charles received a French education and was literate and fluent in five languages: Latin, Czech, German, French, and Italian. In 1331 he gained some experience of warfare in Italy with his father. From 1333 he administered the lands of the Bohemian Crown due to his father's frequent absence. In 1334, he was named Margrave of Moravia, the traditional title for the heirs to the throne. Two years later he undertook the government of Tirol on behalf of his brother John Henry, and was soon actively concerned in a struggle for the possession of this county. In consequence of an alliance between his father and Pope Clement VI, the relentless enemy of the emperor Louis IV, Charles was chosen Roman king in opposition to Louis by some of the princes at Rhens in July 1346. As he had previously promised to be subservient to Clement he made extensive concessions to the Pope in 1347. Confirming the papacy in the possession of wide territories, he promised to annul the acts of Louis against Clement, to take no part in Italian affairs, and to defend and protect the church. Charles IV was initially in a very weak position in Germany. Owing to the terms of his election, he was derisively referred to by some as a "priest's king" (Pfaffenkönig). Many bishops and nearly all of the Imperial cities remained loyal to Louis the Bavarian. Worse yet, Charles backed the wrong horse in the Hundred Years' War, losing his father and many of his best knights at the battle of Crecy in August 1346, with Charles himself escaping wounded from the field. Civil War was prevented, however, when Louis IV died on October 11, 1347, when he suffered a stroke during a bear-hunt. In January 1349 Wittelsbach partisans attempted to secure the election of Günther von Schwarzburg as king, but he attracted few supporters and died unnoticed and unmourned after a few months. Thereafter, Charles faced no direct threat to his claim to the Imperial throne. Charles' initially worked to secure his power base. Bohemia had remained untouched by the plague. Prague became his capital, and he rebuilt the city on the model of Paris, establishing the New Town of Prague (Nové Mesto). In 1348, he founded the University of Prague, the first university in Central Europe. This served as a training ground for bureaucrats and lawyers. Soon Prague emerged as the intellectual and cultural center of central Europe. Charles, having made good use of the difficulties of his opponents, was recrowned at Aix-la-Chapelle on 25 July 1349, and was soon the undisputed ruler of the Empire. Gifts or promises had won the support of the Rhenish and Swabian towns; a marriage alliance secured the friendship of the Habsburgs; and that of Rudolf II of Bavaria, count palatine of the Rhine, was obtained when Charles, who had become a widower in 1348, married his daughter Anna. In 1350 the king was visited at Prague by the Roman tribune Cola di Rienzo, who urged him to go to Italy, where the poet Petrarch and the citizens of Florence also implored his presence. Turning a deaf ear to these entreaties, Charles kept Cola in prison for a year, and then handed him as a prisoner to Clement at Avignon. Outside of Prague, Charles attempted to expand the Bohemian crown lands, using his imperial authority to acquire fiefs in Silesia, the Upper Palatinate, and Franconia. The latter regions comprised "New Bohemia" a string of possessions intended to link Bohemia with the Luxemburg territories in the Rhineland. The Bohemian estates were not, however, willing to support Charles in these ventures. When Charles sought to codify Bohemian law in the Majestas Carolina of 1355 he met with sharp resistance. After that point, Charles found it expedient to scale back his efforts at centralization. In 1354 he crossed the Alps without an army, received the Lombard crown at Milan on January 1355, and was crowned emperor at Rome by a cardinal in the April in the same year. His sole object appears to have been to obtain the imperial crown in peace, and in accordance with a promise previously made to Pope Clement he only remained in the city for a few hours, in spite of the expressed wishes of the Roman people. Having virtually abandoned all the imperial rights in Italy, the emperor recrossed the Alps, pursued by the scornful words of Petrarch but laden with considerable wealth. On his return Charles was occupied with the administration of the Empire, then just recovering from the Black Death, and in 1356 he promulgated the famous Golden Bull to regulate the election of the king. Having given Moravia to one brother, John Henry, and erected the county of Luxemburg into a duchy for another, Wenceslaus, he was unremitting in his efforts to secure other territories as compensation and to strengthen the Bohemian monarchy. To this end he purchased part of the upper Palatinate of the Rhine in 1353, and in 1367 annexed Lower Lusatia to Bohemia and bought numerous estates in various parts of Germany. On the death in 1363 of Meinhard, duke of Upper Bavaria and count of Tirol, Upper Bavaria was claimed by the sons of the emperor Louis IV, and Tirol by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria. Both claims were admitted by Charles on the understanding that if these families died out both territories should pass to the house of Luxemburg. About the same time he was promised the succession to the Margravate of Brandenburg, which he actually obtained for his son Wenceslaus in 1373. He also gained a considerable portion of Silesian territory, partly by inheritance through his third wife, Anna, daughter of Henryk II of Swidnica. In 1365 Charles visited Pope Urban V at Avignon and undertook to escort him to Rome; and on the same occasion was crowned king of Burgundy at Arles. His second journey to Italy took place in 1368, when he had a meeting with Pope Urban VI at Viterbo, was besieged in his palace at Siena, and left the country before the end of the year 1369. During his later years the emperor took little part in German affairs beyond securing the election of his son Wenceslaus as king of the Romans in 1376, and negotiating a peace between the Swabian league and some nobles in 1378. After dividing his lands between his three sons, he died in November 1378 at Prague, where he was buried, and where a statue was erected to his memory in 1848. Charles IV suffered of gout (metabolic arthritis) a painful disease quite common in that time. His reign was characterised by a transformation in the nature of the Empire and is remembered as the golden age of Bohemia. He promulgated the Golden Bull of 1356 whereby the succession to the imperial title was laid down, which held for the next four centuries. He also organized the states of the empire into peace-keeping confederations. In these, the Imperial cities figured prominently. The Swabian Landfriede confederation of 1370 was made up almost entirely of Imperial Cities. At the same time, the leagues were organized and led by the crown and its agents. As with the electors, the cities which served in these leagues were given privileges to aid them in their efforts to keep the peace. He assured his dominance over the eastern borders of the Empire through succession treaties with the Habsburgs and the purchase of Brandenburg. He also claimed imperial lordship over the crusader states of Prussia and Livonia. He made Prague the imperial capital, refusing even at the insistence of Petrarch to move to Rome, and he was a great builder in that city, which bears his name in so many spots: Charles University, Charles Bridge, and Charles Square. Prague Castle and much of the cathedral of Saint Vitus, by Peter Parler, were completed under his patronage. Finally, it is from the reign of Charles that dates the first flowering of manuscript painting in Prague. In the present Czech Republic, he is still regarded as Pater patriae (father of the country or otec vlasti), a title first coined by Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio at his funeral. Charles' imperial policy was focused on the dynastic sphere and abandoned the lofty ideal of the Empire as a universal monarchy of Christendom. In 1353, he granted Luxembourg to his nephew Jobst. He concentrated his energies chiefly on the economic and intellectual development of Bohemia, where he founded the university in 1348 and encouraged the early humanists. Indeed, he corresponded with Petrarch, whom he invited to visit his residence in Prague, but the great Italian hoped — to no avail — to see Charles move his residence to Rome and reawaken tradition of the Roman Empire. Charles's sister Bona, married the eldest son of Philip VI of France, the future John II of France, in 1335. Thus, Charles was the maternal uncle of Charles V of France, who solicited his relative's advice at Metz in 1356 during the Parisian Revolt. This family connection was celebrated publicly when Charles IV made a solemn visit to his nephew in 1378, just months before his death. A detailed account of the occasion, enriched by many splendid miniatures, can be found in Charles V's copy of the Grandes Chroniques de France. Bohemia Charles I 1346-78 Prager Groschen 28 mm Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail). Bohemia AD AR Pragergroschen Crude VG. Wenzel III. (IV.) 1378-1419 Wenceslaus (also Wenceslas, German: Wenzel, Czech: Václav, Italian: Venceslao; February 26, 1361 – August 16, 1419), called the Drunkard, was, by election, King of the Romans[1] from 1376 and, by inheritance, King of Bohemia (as Wenceslaus IV) from 1378. He was the third Bohemian and second German monarch of the House of Luxembourg. He was never crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope, as would have been customary for a "King of the Romans," and he was deposed in 1400 from his elected royal office, though he did not recognise this and continued to employ his Roman title from his hereditary kingdom of Bohemia. In 1373, Wenceslaus father, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, obtained for him the Electoral Margraviate of Brandenburg. In 1376, he also obtained Wenceslaus's election as King of the Romans by the six prince-electors. The authority which Charles had established as the Holy Roman Emperor is sufficient for his son, Wenceslas IV, to succeed him unopposed as German king - a rare event in the recent centuries of German elections. However, in order to secure the election of his son Wenceslas, Charles IV revoked the privileges of many Imperial Cities that he had earlier granted, and mortgaged them to various nobles. The cities, however, were not powerless, and as executors of the public peace, they had developed into a potent military force. Moreover, as Charles IV had organised the cities into leagues, he had made it possible for them to cooperate in large scale endeavors. Indeed, on July 4, 1376, two days after Wenceslas' election, fourteen Swabian cities bound together into an independent league to defend their rights against the newly elected emperor. The Swabian city league soon attracted other members and until 1389 acted as an independent state within the Empire. The professed aims of the cities which had formed this league of 1376 were the maintenance of their imperial status (Reichsunmittelbarkeit), security against sale or mortgage and against excessive taxation, the protection of property, trade and traffic, and the power to suppress disturbances of the peace. On Charles's death in 1378, Wenceslaus inherited Bohemia. In the cathedral of Monza there is conserved a series of reliefs depicting the coronations of the kings of Italy with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. The seventh of these depicts Wenceslaus being crowned in the presence of six electors, he himself being the seventh. The depiction is probably not accurate and was likely made solely to reinforce the claims of the cathedral on the custody of the Iron Crown. Wenceslaus married, first, Johanna of Bavaria on 29 September 1370. Following her death on 31 December 1386, he married her first cousin once removed, Sofia of Bavaria on 2 May 1389. He had no children by either wife. A quarrel between the duke of Bavaria and the archbishop of Salzburg gave the signal for a general war in Swabia, in which the cities, weakened by their isolation, mutual jealousies and internal conflicts, were defeated by Count Eberhard II. at Doffingen (Aug. 24, 1388), and were severally taken and devastated. Most of them quietly acquiesced when King Wenceslaus proclaimed an arrangement at Eger in 1389 which prohibited all leagues between cities, whilst confirming the political autonomy of the cities. This arrangement provided a modicum of stability for the next several decades. As King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia sought to protect the religious reformer Jan Hus and his followers against the demands of the Roman Catholic Church for their suppression as heretics. This caused many Germans to leave the University of Prague, and set up their own University at Leipzig. Hus was executed in Konstanz in 1415, and the rest of Wenceslaus's reign in Bohemia featured precursors of the Hussite Wars that would follow his death. During his long reign Wenceslaus grip on power in both Germany and Bohemia was tenous at best, as he came into repeated conflicts with the Bohemian nobility. On two occasions he was even imprisoned for lengthy spells by rebellious nobles. Wenceslas' greatest liability proved to be his own family. Charles IV had divided his holdings among his sons and other relatives. Although Wenceslas retained Bohemia, his brothers Sigismund and John received Brandenburg and Lusatia. Moravia was divided between his cousins Jost and Procopius, and his uncle Wenceslas was made Duke of Luxemburg. Hence the young emperor was left without the resources his father had enjoyed. In 1386, Sigismund became king of Hungary, and became involved in affairs further east. Wenceslas also faced serious opposition from the Bohemian nobles and from Jan z Jenštejna, Archbishop of Prague. The torture and murder of the Vicar General of Prague, John of Nepomuk by royal officials in 1393 sparked a noble rebellion. In 1394 his cousin Jost was named regent and Wenceslas was imprisoned. Sigismund of Hungary arranged a truce in 1396, and for his efforts was recognized as Wencslas' heir. Because of the troubles in Bohemia, Wenceslaus had not been to Germany in ten years. Consequently, he faced angry crowds at the Imperial Diets of Nuremberg (1397) and Frankfurt (1398). The Rhenish electors accused him failing to maintain the public peace or to resolve the Schism. The electors demanded that Wenceslas appear before them to answer to the charges in June 1400. Wenceslas demurred, in large part because of renewed hostilities in Bohemia. When he failed to appear, the electors declared Wenceslas deposed in August 1400 on account of drunkenness and incompetence, and chose the Palatine Elector, Ruprecht III, as their king, though Wenceslaus refused to acknowledge this successor's decade-long reign. In 1402 Wenceslaus was again imprisoned and temporarily deposed, this time by his younger brother Sigismund, with the support of the Czech nobility. Lord Johann (known also as John) von Liechtenstein, with his retinue of knights, successfully freed King Wenceslas IV from his Vienna prison in autumn of 1403, and accorded him refuge in his Moravian castle. Johann of Liechtenstein was at the time the Lord (or estate owner) of the Mikulov demesne. This rescue is still celebrated annually to this day in Mikulov, in the three-day long Pálava vintage festival that takes place each September. Among the charges that Ruprecht III had used as the basis for his predecessor's deposition was the Great Schism. Ruprecht called the council of Pisa in 1409, attended by defectors from both papal parties. They elected a third pope, only worsening the situation, and from 1409 to 1417, there were three popes. After the death of Ruprecht in 1410, Sigismund, king of Hungary and Wenceslas' brother, was elected emperor. Wenceslas had never recognized his deposition and still controlled Bohemia. Jost of Moravia arranged for his own election, so in 1410, there were three duly elected emperors. Jost died in 1411, and Wenceslas agreed to give up the crown, so long as he could keep Bohemia. This settled the issue, and after 1411, Sigismund reigned as Emperor. The bishops and secular leaders, tired of the Great Schism, supported Sigismund when he called the Council of Constance in 1414. The goal of the council was to reform the church in head and members. What made it work was the translation of supreme authority from the popes to the council. In 1417, the council deposed all three popes and elected a new one, maintaining all the while that the council, and not the pope, was the supreme head of the church. By resolving the schism, Sigismund restored the honour of the imperial title and made himself the most influential monarch in the west. Wenceslaus died in 1419 of a heart attack during a hunt in the woods surrounding his castle Nový Hrádek near Kunratice (today a part of Prague), leaving the country in a deep political crisis. The death of Wenceslaus is followed by almost two decades of extreme violence in the Hussite wars resulting from the reforming ideas of John Huss and from the outrage provoked by his death. Wenzel III issued Prager Groschens; many are found counterstamped by other areas. His coins can be ascertained by his titles. Bohemia Wenzel III. (IV.) 1378-1419 Prager Groschen Counterstamped 27 mm Prager groschen with counterstamp of Iglau in Moravia (hedgehog running left), as well as Regensburg (crossed keys). Reference: Slg. Doneb. - vgl. 888 (Regensburg), Slg. Diet. - vgl. 63 (Iglau), Krusy I 1,1 und R 4,1. Scarce! Coin is nice, counterstamp VF. Estimate EUR 300. Price realized: 350 EUR (approx. 489 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Wenzel III. (IV.) 1378-1419 Pfennig Kuttenberg mint. (1407/1419) 0,69 g. Uniface. Rampant crowned Bohemian lion left. Reference: Castelin 41; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 698. VF. Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 80 EUR (approx. 107 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Sigismund - 1420-1436 Sigismund (14/15 February, 1368 – December 9, 1437, Hungarian name as King of Hungary: I. Zsigmond) was Holy Roman Emperor for 4 years from 1433 until 1437. He was also one of the longest ruling Kings of Hungary reigning for 50 years from 1387 to 1437. Like many other rulers of his era, he held a number of other titles. These included: Margrave of Brandenburg (1378 – 88 and 1411 – 15) King of the Romans (1410 – 33) King of Bohemia (titulary from 1419, de facto from 1437) Born in Nuremberg, Sigismund ('Zsigmond' in Hungarian) was a son of the emperor Charles IV and Elizabeth of Pomerania, daughter of Bogislaw V of Pomerania. In 1374 was betrothed to Mary, eldest surviving daughter of king Louis I of Hungary and Poland, who intended Mary to succeed him in the hereditary kingdom of Poland with her future husband as was the custom of the time. Sigismund became margrave of Brandenburg on his father's death in 1378. Sent to the Hungarian court, Sigismund became thoroughly Magyarized and entirely devoted to his adopted country. In 1381, the then 13-year-old Sigismund was sent to Krakow by his eldest brother and guardian king Venceslaus IV of Bohemia, to learn Polish and to become acquainted with the land and its people. King Venceslaus also gave him Neumark to facilitate communication between Brandenburg and Poland. Because of his intrigues, Sigismund was expelled from Poland, which was then given to Mary's younger sister Jadwiga I of Poland, who married Jogaila of Lithuania. When an opposing candidate for the Árpád throne appeared, Sigismund fled, leaving his wife Mary and her mother, widow of King Louis, Elisabeth of Bosnia (Elizabeta Kotromanic) at the mercy of conspirators. Years of civil war followed. At the death of her father in 1382, his betrothed, Mary, became Queen of Hungary, (Mary of Hungary) and Sigismund married her in 1385 in Zvolen. She was however captured , together with her mother Elisabeth of Bosnia (the Regent of Hungary) in the following year by the rebellious Horvathys, Bishop Paul of Machva, his brother Ivanish and younger brother Ladislaus. This was according to an elaborate plan by the seventeen year-old Sigismund himself, and his mother-in-law was strangled (allegedly by Sigismund's men) in January 1387. Mary was only rescued in June 1387 through the aid of the Venetians (her uncle by adoption, Stefan Tvrtko of Bosnia, was then an honorary Venetian citizen), and she apparently reconciled with the Horvathys. Mary never forgave Sigismund for the death of her beloved mother, despite his claim to have punished the murderers, and subsequently they lived separate lives and had separate households. She died in 1395 in a suspicious horse accident while heavily pregnant. In the meantime, Sigismund had arranged his own coronation as king of Hungary on 31 March 1387, and having raised money by pledging Brandenburg to his cousin Jobst, margrave of Moravia (1388), he was engaged for the next nine years in a ceaseless struggle for the possession of this unstable throne. The bulk of the nation headed by the great Garay family was with him; but in the southern provinces between the Save and the Drave, the Horvathys with the support of the Bosnian king Tvrtko I, Mary's maternal uncle, proclaimed as their king Ladislas, king of Naples, son of the murdered Hungarian king, Charles II. Not until 1395 did Miklos Garay succeed in suppressing them. On a number of occasions, Sigismund was imprisoned by nobles, but skilfully bribed his way out. In 1396 Sigismund led the combined armies of Christendom against the Turks, who had taken advantage of the temporary helplessness of Hungary to extend their dominion to the banks of the Danube. This crusade, preached by Pope Boniface IX, was very popular in Hungary. The nobles flocked in thousands to the royal standard, and were reinforced by volunteers from nearly every part of Europe, the most important contingent being that of the French led by John, duke of Nevers, son of Philip II, duke of Burgundy. Sigismund set out with 90,000 men and a flotilla of 70 galleys. After capturing Vidin, he camped before the fortress of Nicopolis. Sultan Bayezid I raised the siege of Constantinople and, at the head of 140,000 men, completely defeated the Christian forces in the Battle of Nicopolis fought between 25 and 28 September 1396. He returned across the sea and through the realm of Zeta, where he ordained a local Serb lord Ðurad with the islands of Hvar and Korcula for resistance against the Turks, which were returned to Sigismund after his death in April of 1403. Deprived of his authority in Hungary, Sigismund then turned his attention to securing the succession in Germany and Bohemia, and was recognized by his childless step-brother Wenceslaus IV as vicar-general of the whole Empire. He was unable to support Wenceslaus when he was deposed in 1400 and Rupert III, elector Palatine of the Rhine, was elected German king in his stead. During these years he was also involved in domestic difficulties, out of which sprang a second war with Ladislas of Naples; on his return to Hungary in 1401 he was once imprisoned and twice deposed. This struggle in its turn led to a war with the Republic of Venice, as Ladislas before departing to his own land had sold the Dalmatian cities to the Venetians for 100,000 ducats. In 1401 Sigismund assisted a rising against Wenceslaus, during the course of which the German and Bohemian king was made a prisoner, and Sigismund ruled Bohemia for nineteen months. He released Wenceslas in 1403. In 1404 he introduced the placetum regium. According to this decree papal bulls couldn't be pronounced in Hungary without the consent of the king. In about 1406 he remarried Mary's cousin Barbara of Celje (Barbara Celjska, nicknamed the "Messalina of Germany"), daughter of Hermann II of Celje. Hermann's mother Katarina Kotromanic (of the House ofKotromanic) and Mary's mother Queen Elizabeta (Elisabeth_of_Bosnia) were sisters, or cousins who were adopted sisters. Tvrtko I was their first cousin and adopted brother, and perhaps even became heir apparent to Queen Mary. Tvrtko may have been murdered in 1391 on Sigismund's order. Sigismund personally lead an army of almost 50,000 "crusaders" against the Croats and Bosnians, which culminated in 1408 with the Battle of Dobor, and a massacre of about 200 noble families, many of them victors of numerous battles against the Ottomans. He founded the Order of the Dragon after this victory. Members of the order were mostly his political allies and supporters. After the death of Rupert, King of Germany (or 'King of the Romans') in 1410, Sigismund ignoring the claims of his half-brother Wenceslas - was elected as successor three of the electors on 10 September 1410, but he was opposed by his cousin Jobst of Moravia, who had been elected by four electors in a different election on 1 October. Jobst's death 18 January, 1411 removed this conflict and Sigismund was again elected King on 21 July 1411. His coronation was deferred until 8 November 1414, when it took place at Aix-laChapelle. On a number of occasions, and in 1410 in particular, Sigismund allied himself with the Teutonic Knights against Wladyslaw Jagiello of Poland. However, he was opposed by most of his noblemen and was prevented to participate in the alliance of twenty-two western states against Poland in the decisive Battle of Grünwald in July of that year. In 1412 – 23 he campaigned against the Venetians in Italy. The king took advantage of the difficulties of Antipope John XXIII to obtain a promise that a council should be called to Constance in 1414 to settle the Western Schism. He took a leading part in the deliberations of this assembly, and during the sittings made a journey into France, England and Burgundy in a vain attempt to secure the abdication of the three rival popes. The council ended in 1418, solving the Schism and — of great consequence to Sigismund's future career — having the Czech religious reformer, Jan Hus, burned at the stake for heresy in July 1415. The complicity of Sigismund in the death of Hus is a matter of controversy. He had granted him a safe-conduct and protested against his imprisonment; and the reformer was burned during his absence. It was also at this Council that a cardinal ventured to correct Sigismund’s Latin (he had construed the word schisma as feminine rather than neuter). To this Sigismund famously replied: “ Ego sum rex Romanus et super grammaticam ("I am king of the Romans and above grammar")[1] ” An alliance with England against France, and an attempt to secure peace in Germany by a league of the towns, which failed owing to the hostility of the princes, were his main acts of these years. Also, Sigismund granted control of the Margrave of Brandenburg (which he had received back after Jobst's death) to Frederick I of Hohenzollern, burgrave of Nuremberg (1415). This step made the Hohenzollern family one of the most important in Germany. In 1419 the death of Wenceslaus IV left Sigismund titular king of Bohemia, but he had to wait for seventeen years before the Czechs would acknowledge him. But although the two dignities of king of the Romans and king of Bohemia added considerably to his importance, and indeed made him the nominal head of Christendom, they conferred no increase of power and financially embarrassed him. It was only as king of Hungary that he had succeeded in establishing his authority and in doing anything for the order and good government of the land. Entrusting the government of Bohemia to Sophia, the widow of Wenceslaus, he hastened into Hungary. The Bohemians, who distrusted him as the betrayer of Hus, were soon in arms; and the flame was fanned when Sigismund declared his intention of prosecuting the war against heretics. Three campaigns against the Hussites ended in disaster. The Turks were again attacking Hungary. The king, unable to obtain support from the German princes, was powerless in Bohemia. His attempts at the diet of Nuremberg in 1422 to raise a mercenary army were foiled by the resistance of the towns; and in 1424 the electors, among whom was Sigismund's former ally, Frederick I of Hohenzollern, sought to strengthen their own authority at the expense of the king. Although the scheme failed, the danger to Germany from the Hussites led to the Union of Bingen, which virtually deprived Sigismund of the leadership of the war and the headship of Germany. In 1428 he led another campaign against the Turks, but again with few results. In 1431 he went to Milan where on 25 November he received the Iron Crown; after which he remained for some time at Siena, negotiating for his coronation as emperor and for the recognition of the Council of Basel by Pope Eugenius IV. He was crowned emperor at Rome on 31 May 1433, and after obtaining his demands from the Pope returned to Bohemia, where he was recognized as king in 1436, though his power was little more than nominal. He died in December 1437 at Znaim, and was buried at Nagyvárad. By his second wife, Barbara of Cilli, he left an only daughter, Elisabeth, who was married to Albert V, duke of Austria (later German king as Albert II) whom Sigismund named as his successor. As he left no sons the house of Luxembourg became extinct on his death. Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Sigismund, 1420-1437 Sigismund, 1420-1437 Sigismund, 1420-1437 Pfennig Görlitz mint. Heller after 1422 Breslau mint. 0,45g 0,26g Heller 1423-1435 Brünn mint. 0,30g Obv.: “GOZ” in pearl circle. Obv.: Head facing slightly left. Obv.: Spread eagle looking left. Uniface. Rev.: Broad crown. Rev.: Lion left. “T”-like character under lion. Reference: Doneb. 922; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 719 (this example). VF. Reference: Lanz Auktion XIII. Nr. 712. Beautiful! Reference: Saurma 68. Hohenkubin 710. VF Estimate: CHF 50. Price realized: 40 CHF (approx. 32 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 30 EUR. Price realized: 24 EUR (approx. 34 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Sigismund, 1420-1437 Sigismund, 1420-1437 Sigismund, 1420-1437 Heller Iglau mint. Heller (after 1435) Brünn mint. Pfennig (after 1435) Brünn mint. 0,59g 0,31g 0,59g Obv.: Spread eagle looking left. Austrian shield on chest. Uniface. Obv.: Spread eagle looking left. Shield on chest. Uniface. Uniface. Eagle facing left; gothic “S” next to eagle on left. Reference: Sejbal 323; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 721 (this example). VF + Reference: Doneb. -; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 723 (this example). VF Reference: Auktion Lanz XIII 717. Dark patina, VF+. Estimate: 30 EUR. Price realized: 20 EUR (approx. 28 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 25 EUR. Price realized: 30 EUR (approx. 42 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 40 EUR. Price realized: 32 EUR (approx. 41 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Sigismund, 1420-1437 Heller Znaim mint. 0,49g Uniface, spread eagle looking left, with shield containing a “Z” on its chest. Reference: Lanz XIII Nr. 725. Beautiful! Albert of Habsburg - 1437–1439 Albert was born in Vienna as the son of Albert IV of Austria, Duke of Austria. Albert succeeded to the duchy of Austria on his father's death in 1404. After receiving a good education, he undertook the government of Austria in 1411, and succeeded, with the aid of his advisers, in ridding the duchy of the evils which had arisen during his minority. He assisted the German emperor Sigismund, who was also king of Hungary and Bohemia, in his campaigns against the Hussites, and in 1422 married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sigismund, who designated him as his successor. (Note that she was not the daughter of Sigismund's first wife Mary of Hungary, and thus not descended from Angevin kings of Hungary, but in many ways, she descended from the old Arpád kings of Hungary.) Elisabeth was daughter of Emperor Sigismund and his second wife, the Slovenian noblewoman Barbara of Celje. Her paternal grandparents were Emperor Charles IV and Elisabeth of Pomerania. Her maternal grandfather was Count Herman II of Celje, whose parents were the Slovenian ruler Count Herman I of Celje and Catherine of Bosnia (who apparently descended also from Nemanjic kings of Serbia and from Catherine of Hungary, a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary). In right of the paternal grandparents, she was, through Emperor Charles, an heiress of Bohemia, and through Elisabeth of Pomerania, an heiress of Poland, of its Kujavian Piast branch of kings. Thus, Albert's marriage brought him claims to several Slavic kingdoms and principalities. She was also a descendant of Arpads of Hungary, through her great-grandmother Elisabeth of Bohemia, who herself was granddaughter of Anna Rostislavna of Halicia, whose mother Constance was a daughter of King Bela IV of Hungary. Admittedly, this was not a very close Hungarian connection, but all the other descendants of Arpads were approximately as distant at that time. Additionally, she descended from Ottokar I of Bohemia's second wife Constance of Hungary, daughter of Bela III of Hungary. Albert himself descended from Bela IV of Hungary through his daughter Ilona whose descendant was a princess of Brieg who became Albert's ancestress the countess of Hainaut and Holland, and from a younger sister of Queen Elisabeth of Bohemia, thus descending from both Constances of Hungary, and also from King Geza II of Hungary through his daughter Elisabeth who married Bedrich of Czech, their daughter being an ancestress of Albert's maternal Bavarian line. When Sigismund died in 1437, Albert was crowned king of Hungary on January 1, 1438, and although crowned king of Bohemia six months later, he was unable to obtain possession of the country. He was engaged in warfare with the Bohemians and their Polish allies, when on March 18, 1438 he was chosen as German king at Frankfurt, an honour which he does not appear to have sought. He thus was "King of the Romans", but he was not crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. Afterwards engaged in defending Hungary against the attacks of the Turks, he died on October 27, 1439 at Neszmély, and was buried at Székesfehérvár. Albert was an energetic and warlike prince, whose short reign gave great promise of usefulness for Germany. Ladislaus the Posthumous - 1453-1457 Ladislaus the Posthumous (February 22, 1440, Komárno, Hungary, now in Slovakia – November 23, 1457, Prague, now in the Czech Republic) ruled Bohemia as Ladislav I, Hungary as László V (and Croatia as Ladislav IV), and Austria as Duke Ladislaus. The only son of Albert II, King of Germany, and of Elizabeth, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, he was called Ladislaus Postumus (in Czech Ladislav Pohrobek; in Hungarian Utószülött László; in Slovenian Ladislav Posmrtni) because he was born at Komárom four months after his father's death. He succeeded immediately as Duke of Austria and head of the House of Habsburg, and he also became nominal King of Bohemia. But his second cousin Frederick V, ruler of Inner Austria, was chosen to succeed Albert II as King of the Romans. The estates of Hungary elected Wladyslaw III of Poland as King Ulászló I in succession to Albert II; but the infant Ladislaus' mother had the Hungarian crown stolen from its guardians at Visegrád and brought to Wiener Neustadt by a lady of the court, Helene Kottannerin. According to legend, the cross on the crown is askew because it was damaged in transit as a result. Elisabeth arranged for Ladislaus to be crowned at Székesfehérvár on 15 May 1440. For safety's sake, she placed Ladislaus under the guardianship of his Habsburg relative Frederick V, who proceeded to hold him as a virtual prisoner in Castle Orth and rule Austria himself. On the death of Ulászló I at the Battle of Varna on 10 November 1444, the Hungarian estates, despite considerable opposition, elected Ladislaus Postumus as their king and sent a deputation to Vienna to induce Frederick to surrender the child and the Holy Crown, which he refused to do. In the meantime, János Hunyadi acted as regent for Ladislaus in Hungary, while George of Podebrady performed the same office in Bohemia. From 1450 the pressure of the Austrian estates to free Ladislaus grew. In 1452, they entered into the Mailberg Confederation under the leadership of Ulrich of Eyczing and Ulrich of Celje and freed Ladislaus by force. The Princely Count of Celje, a Slovenian magnate and heir to Bosnia, the cousin of Ladislaus' mother, prevailed against Eyczing and became the new guardian of the child, effectively ruling in his stead. On 28 October 1453, at the age of thirteen, Ladislaus Postumus was finally crowned King of Bohemia, after which he lived mainly in Prague or Vienna. Celje and Ladislaus remained indifferent to the threat posed in Hungary by the Turks, and Celje became increasingly hostile towards János Hunyadi, who was bearing the main burden of the battles against the Ottomans. On the death of Hunyadi, Ladislaus made Celje governor of Hungary in October 1456 at the Diet of Futtak. When, after the Siege of Nándorfehérvár, Celje was murdered by László Hunyadi in revenge for his assassination attempt on him on 9 November 1456, Ladislaus had the young Hunyadi beheaded on 16 March 1457. This raised such a storm in Hungary that the king had to flee to Prague, where he spent the last months of his life. He died suddenly on 23 November 1457 while preparing for his marriage to Magdalena, daughter of Charles VII of France. It was rumored at the time that his political opponents in Bohemia had poisoned him; but in the 20th century it was proved that Ladislaus died of leukemia, not a recognized disease in that period. Ladislaus's cousin Frederick V succeeded him in Austria; Hungary elected Matthias Corvinus, the brother of László Hunyadi, as king; and Bohemia elected George of Podebrady, the only Hussite ruler of that kingdom. Bohemia Ladislaus Postumus (1453-1457) Pfennig Kuttenberg mint. 0,45g Uniface. Bohemian lion left. Reference: Lanz Auktion XIII. Nr. 727. Beautiful! Georg Podiebrad 1457-1471 George of Kunštát and Podebrady (April 23, 1420 - March 22, 1471), also known as Podebrad or Podiebrad (Czech: Jirí z Podebrad), King of Bohemia (1458-1471), was the first King of a Catholic country to attempt to reform the Catholic faith when he adopted the preachings of Jan Hus. He became the leader of the Hussites, but attempted to rule in a moderate manner thus getting the loyalty of some Catholics. The Hussites were also known as Utraquists and they subscribed to the Articles of Prague and later to the Basel Compacts. George was the son of Victor of Kunštát and Podebrady, a Bohemian nobleman, who was one of the leaders of the Orphans or who were more moderate than the Taborites during the Hussite Wars. George himself as a boy of fourteen took part in the Battle of Lipany, which marked the downfall of the more radical Taborites. Early in life, as one of the leaders of the Hussite party, he defeated the Austrian troops of the German King Albert II, son-in-law and successor of King Sigismund. He soon became a prominent member of the national or Hussite party, and - after the death of Ptacek of Pirkstein - its leader. During the minority of Ladislaus, son of Albert, who was born after his father's death, Bohemia was divided into two parties: the Catholic or Austrian one, led by Ulrich von Rosenberg (1403-1462), and the national one, led by Podebrad. After various attempts at reconciliation, Podebrad decided to appeal to the force of arms. He gradually raised an armed force in north-eastern Bohemia, where the Hussite cause had most adherents and where his ancestral castle Litice was situated. With this army, consisting of about 9000 men, he marched in 1448 from Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg) to Prague, and obtained possession of the capital almost without resistance. Civil war, however, broke out, but Podebrad succeeded in defeating the Catholic nobles. In 1451 the emperor Frederick III, as guardian of the young king Ladislas, entrusted Podebrad with the administration of Bohemia. In the same year a diet assembled at Prague also conferred on Podebrad the regency. The struggle of the Bohemians against Rome continued uninterruptedly, and the position of Podebrad became a very difficult one when the young king Ladislaus, who was crowned in 1453, expressed his sympathies for the Roman Church, though he had recognized the compacts and the ancient privileges of Bohemia. In 1457 King Ladislas died suddenly and some public opinion accused Podebrad of having poisoned him. (However, in 1985 it was proved that Ladislas died from acute leukemia.) One of the later branches of the hussitism was also Unity of the Brethren. The roots of this radical and pacifistic stream within the early reformation movement go back to 1457 in a small village called Kunvald near amberk, on Litice barony , in the East part of Bohemia. On February 27, 1458 the estates of Bohemia unanimously chose Podebrad as king; even the adherents of the Austrian party voted for him, some due to his moderate policies and other for not wishing at that moment to oppose the popular feeling, which demanded the election of a national sovereign. A year after the accession of Podebrad, Pius II (Aeneas Sylvius) became Pope, and his incessant hostility proved one of the most serious obstacles to Podebrad's rule. Though he rejected the demand of the Pope, who wished him to consent to the abolition of the compacts, he endeavoured to curry favour with the Roman see by punishing severely all the more advanced opponents of papacy in Bohemia. All Podebrad's endeavours to establish peace with Rome proved ineffectual, and though the death of Pius II prevented him from carrying out his planned crusade against Bohemia, his successor in short time became an equally determined opponent. The Hussite king had many enemies among the Catholic members of the powerful Bohemian nobility. The malcontent nobles met at Zelena Hora (Grueneberg) on November 28, 1465, and concluded an alliance against the king, bringing forward many accusations against him. The confederacy was from its beginning supported by the Pope, though Podebrad, after the death of Pius II, attempted to negotiate with the new Pope, Paul II. These negotiations ended when Paul apparently insulted the envoys of the king of Bohemia. On December 23, 1466 Paul II excommunicated Podebrad and pronounced his deposition as king of Bohemia, forbidding all Catholics to continue in his allegiance. The emperor Frederick III, and King Matthias of Hungary, Podebrad's former ally, joined the insurgent Bohemian nobles. King Matthias conquered a large part of Moravia, and was crowned King by the Catholics in the Moravian ecclesiastical (and – at that time – also political) metropolis Olomouc, as king of Bohemia on May 3, 1469. In the following year Podebrad was on the verge of routing Matthias, but contrary to his supporter's wishes, decided to come to an agreement with the Hungarian King. George was successful in his resistance to his many enemies, but his death on March 22, 1471 put a stop to the war. In reaction to the threat of the Turks in the east, one of George's ideas was to set up a pan-European "Christian League", which would bring together all the states of Europe. He sent Leo of Rozmital (Lev z Romitálu) on a tour of European court s to promote this idea. He is thus considered as one of the earliest proponents of the European Union. Bohemia Georg Podiebrad 1457-1471 Prager Groschen Kuttenberg mint. Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail) Reference: Slg. Donebauer 936, Haskova 366. Scarce! Beautiful VF. Estimate: 100 EUR. Price realized: 130 EUR (approx. 172 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Georg Podiebrad 1457-1471 Prager Groschen Kuttenberg mint. 2,648 g. Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail) Reference: Doneb. 936 var. Slightly weak strike, VF. Estimate: 75 EUR. Price realized: 200 EUR (approx. 282 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) ohemia Georg Podiebrad 1457-1471 Pfennig (after 1469) Kuttenberg mint. 0,37 g. Uniface. Bohemian lion left. Reference: Castelin 91; Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 731. VF+ Estimate: 30 EUR. Price realized: 150 EUR (approx. 211 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Matthias Corvinus 1469–1490 King of Hungary as Mátyás I (Hunyadi), was elected by the insurgent Czech Catholic aristocrats as rival "King of Bohemia" (antiking) in 1469, but never crowned. In 1479 he agreed to limit his rule to Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia, while retaining his title. Wladislaus II., 1471-1516 Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, also known as Ladislaus Jagiellon (Czech: Vladislav Jagellonský, Hungarian: II. Ulászló, Croatian: Vladislav II. Jagelovic, Polish: Wladyslaw II Jagiellonczyk); (Krakow, Poland, 1 March 1456 – 13 March 1516, Buda, Hungary) was King of Bohemia from 1471 and King of Hungary from 1490 until his death in 1516. Vladislaus was born Wladyslaw on March 1, 1456, the son of King Casimir IV of Poland and Great Prince of Lithuania, the then head of the Polish ruling dynasty of Jagiellon, and of Elizabeth of Bohemia, daughter of Albert II of Germany. He was christened as the namesake of his maternal uncle King Ladislaus the Posthumous of Bohemia and his late paternal uncle Vladislaus of Varna, an earlier king of Hungary. He was proposed for the Bohemian throne by the widow of the previous king, George of Podebrady, and was crowned as the King of Bohemia (Vladislav) on August 22, 1471. He was crowned as King of Hungary on September 18, 1490, in succession to Matthias Corvinus, who had also claimed the Bohemian throne. No regnal number was used by Vladislaus at the time, but works of reference retrospectively assigned him various ordinals for each of his kingdoms. The most usual number is II, though he was also the eighth Ladislas (VIII) on the Hungarian throne and the fifth Vladislav (V) on the Bohemian throne. The period after the death of George of Podebrady was a time of conflict for the Bohemian throne and Vladislaus was unable to confront it. At the time of his arrival in Prague, he was only fifteen years old and significantly dominated by his advisers. The succession conflict was settled in 1479 in the Peace of Olomouc, which allowed both Vladislaus and Matthias Corvinus to use the title "King of Bohemia." Vladislaus would reign in Bohemia proper, while Matthias gained Moravia, Silesia, and the two Lusatias. The deal also stipulated that in case of Matthias' death, Vladislaus would pay 400,000 gold (contemporary currency, not "gold") for the entirety of the Bohemian lands. However, this payment was not made once Vladislaus became King of Hungary after the death of Matthias. The "Kutnohorian deal" in 1485 practically eliminated Vladislaus' power and granted it to the nobles. The deal in its original form would have been in effect for 31 years, but was extended in 1512 to "all times." He was a cheerful man, nicknamed "Vladislaus Bene" ("Wladyslaw Dobrze", "Dobzse László") because to almost any request he answered, "Bene" (Latin for "(It's) well"). His reign in Hungary was largely stable, although Hungary was under consistent border pressure from the Ottoman Empire and briefly suffered from the revolt of György Dózsa. He was married three times, first to Barbara, daughter of Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg, then to the widow of Matthias, Beatrice of Naples, daughter of Ferdinand I of Naples. His third wife was Anne de Foix, who finally gave birth to his only surviving legitimate children, Anna and Louis. Vladislaus died on March 13, 1516, and was buried in Székesfehérvár. Vladislaus' ten-year-old son Louis succeeded him on the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary. His daughter Anna was married in 1515 to the future emperor Ferdinand of Austria, a grandson of Emperor Maximilian I Habsburg. Therefore, after the death of Louis at the Battle of Mohács, the succession devolved through Anna to the cadet line of eastern Habsburgs. Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II. 1471-1516 Wladislaus II. 1471-1516 Heller (Silver) Kuttenberg mint. 0,35g. Weißpfennig Kuttenberg mint. 0,36 g. Uniface. Crowned initial “W”. Obv.: Bohemian lion left. Reference: Lanz XIII Nr. 744. Beautiful! Reference: Lanz Auktion XIII. Nr. 738. Beautiful! Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II. 1471-1516 Wladislaus II. 1471-1516 Wladislaus II. 1471-1516 Prager Groschen Kuttenberg mint. 2,73 g. Weißpfennig Kuttenberg mint. 0,36 g. Weißpfennig Kuttenberg mint. 0,27 g. Obv.: Crown in double circles of writing. Obv.: Bohemian lion left. Obv.: Bohemian lion left. Rev.: Rampant Bohemian Lion left (with double tail) Rev. Crowned “W” Rev.: Embossing traces. Reference: . Doneb. 959 var. VF. Reference: Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 741. Doneb. -. F-VF. Reference: Auktion Lanz XIII, Graz 1979, 736 (this example); Doneb. 947 var. VF. Estimate: 40 EUR. Price realized: 85 EUR (approx. 120 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 15 EUR. Price realized: 10 EUR (approx. 14 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Estimate: 50 EUR. Price realized: 45 EUR (approx. 63 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Bohemia Bohemia Wladislaus II. 1471-1516 Wladislaus II. 1471-1516 Weißpfennig Kuttenberg mint. 0,38 g. Schwarz Pfennig Kuttenberg mint. Uniface. Bohemian lion left. Uniface. Crowned initial “W”. Reference: Slg. Donebauer 962. Nice coin! Reference: Slg. Donebauer 963. VF. Estimate: 50 EUR. Estimate: 25 EUR. Price realized: 55 EUR (approx. 70 U.S. Dollars as of the auction date) Louis I (The Jagiellonian) 1516–1526 (Louis II of Hungary) Louis was the son of Ladislaus V Jagiellon and his third wife, Anne de Foix. His father died in 1516 and the minor Louis II ascended to the throne of Hungary and Bohemia upon his father's death. Louis had been adopted by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in 1515. When Maximilian I died in 1519, Louis was raised by his legal guardian Georg von Hohenzollern, margrave of BrandenburgAnsbach. Louis owed allegiance to the Imperial Habsburgs as a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece. In 1522 Louis II was married to Mary of Habsburg, a Habsburg princess, granddaughter of Maximilian I, as stipulated by an Imperial congress at Vienna in 1515. His sister Anne was married to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, then a governor on behalf of his brother Charles V, and later Emperor Ferdinand I. Louis died at the Battle of Mohács in 1526. Ferdinand and Anne succeeded him in his Kingdom of Bohemia, but Hungary, largely conquered by the Turks, was further put into succession dispute between John Zápolya on one hand and Ferdinand and Anne on the other. Bohemia Ludwig Jagello (1516-1526) Heller (Silver) Kuttenberg mint. 0,30 g. Obv.: “L” with crown, between “R - P” Rev.: Empty. Reference: Lanz Auktion XIII. Nr. 762. Beautiful coin!