CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
gioniroit: FETTER LANE, E.C.
C. F. CLAY, Manager.
®tiu^ursl|: loo, PRINCES STREET
Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO.
r. A. BROCKHAUS
^eto lorfe: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
Bomljag anH Cslcutia: MACMILLAN AND CO., Lm
AU rigUs reserved
THE
CAMBRIDGE
MODERN HISTORY
PLANNED BY
THE LATE LORD ACTON LL.D.
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY
3469 ^
EDITED BY
A. W. WARD Litt.D.
G. W. PROTHERO Litt.D
STANLEY LEATHES M.A.
C-M-H-
VOLUME XIII
GENEALOGICAL T
Cambridge :
mmTEn nt |ohn clay, m.a,
at the university press.
CV'imAL ARCHAEOI Or,!GAl,
I IBRAHY, NEW DEi.HJ.
CSallNo. . *X.». ... '* » WMt***^
PREFACE.
T his Volume contains a series of Genealogic(zl Tables and ListSy the
purpose and character of which are described in some preliminary
remarks prefixed to this section, and a Genercd Index to the twelve
preceding Volumes, arranged on principles stated in a brief explanatory
note.
The Gemcdogical Tables and Lists have been mainly prepared by
Miss Alice D. Greenwood, Somerville College, Oxford; valuable help
has also been given by Mr H. G. Aldis, M.A., Peterhouse, Secretary
of the University Library. The General Index has been compiled by
Miss Alice M. Cooke, M.A., formerly of the Acton Department of
the University Library, Cambridge, now Lecturer in History at the
University of Leeds, with the assistance of Miss Greenwood and
Mrs Quiggin. We desire to acknowledge with cordial thanks the aid
thus received in bringing our work to its completion.
It has been thought desirable to insert in this Volume four pages of
which the proper place is at the close of the second paragraph on
page 34^ of Vol, vi of this work, where they will be inserted in future
editions. We have to thank Mr E. A. Benians, M.A,, of St John’s
College, for supplying at our request a gap inadvertently left in the
Volume in question*
^ ; A. w. ,w.
G. W. P.
S. L.
{Addendum io p* Voh VI,)
NAVAL OPEKATIONS IN THE PEEIOD,,OF THE
SEVEN YEARS^ WAR.
The failure of Washington (1754) and of Braddock (1755) to check
the advance of the French on the Ohio obliged the British Government
to despatch reinforcements to America, With the counter-preparations
of the French for the defence of Canada the naval war really began.
Boscawen was sent to intercept the French reinforcements off Looisburg
(April, 1755); and, sighting the enemy in the mouth of the St Lawrence
(June 10), he captured two vessels. The remainder eluded him in
a fog and reached Quebec. In July, Hawke was ordered to cruise in
the Bay of Biscay to prevent the union of the French Atlantic and
Mediterranean fleets and the return of the American squadron to
Brest. His instructions were extended to include the seizure of French
merchantmen, and, in the course of three months, 300 vessels with
6000 sailors were brought into British ports. All this preceded the
formal declaration of war. The French had good reason for delaying
it : they were making secret preparations, which were not complete, for
delivering a blow in the Mediterranean. The British Government failed
to divine their object, and suspected that a descent on England or an
expedition to America was intended. At last, Sir John Byng was
despatched with ten sail of the line to prevent the Toulon squadrcm
passing the Straits and to defend Minorca (April 6, 1756). At Gibraltar
he learned that Port Mahon had already been surprised and invested.
Arriving off Minorca, he found a French fleet equal to his own in
numbers, and superior in weight and men. After an indecisive engage-
ment, in which several of his vessels suffered considerable damage, he
decided to leave Minorca to its fate and to withdraw for the protection
of Gibraltar. There he was superseded by Hawke, and on his return
home was court-martialled and sentenced to death for neglect of duty
(January, 1757). In the existing temper of the country, discouraged by
reports of disasters from America, the Government dared not pardon his
excessive caution ; although, had it shown more foresight and energy,
he would never have been placed in difficulties which he had not the
qualities of character to overcome. The surrender of Port Mahon,
which followed (June 28), did not much change the situation. It was
not for Minorca, but for America and India, that the War was being
waged ; and, while Great Britain possessed Gibraltar, the loss of
Minorca did little to w’‘eaken her at the seats of war.
The ministerial changes in England, which gave Pitt a controlling
voice in British policy, led to a concentration on a. vigorous offensive
against the French colonies, combined with the support of Frederick in
the continental war by means of |aoney subsidies, military operations,
and naval diversions on the French coast. In America the British object
was the conqu€^ of ' tp Ganada^^.wsa Ijouisburg,
c. M. H. VI. pp. 6, c, d*
U2h
Attdcks on Louuhurg. — Canada,
[1757-8
a powerful fortress on Cape Breton Isle^at once the first line of Canada**s
defence and a perpetual menace to New England. From Louisburg^
the French carried on the cod-fisherjj reinforced themselves in America,
and harboured the privateers which, in time of war, preyed on British
trade. In 1757, Quebec was to be assailed both by way of Lake
Champlain and of the St Lawrence^ — from the latter direction by
a force under the command of the Earl of Loudoun, whose first work
was to be the capture of Louisburg. Vice-Admiral Holbume, with
seventeen sail of the line, escorted the expedition from Halifax (July).
But the French concentrated' their squadrons for the defence of the
island and had a superiority of one ship. In the circumstances, Holbume
hesitated to attack, and the attempt was abandoned. The autumn of
the same year saw another discouraging failure. In order to distract
the French from their operations in America and Germany, an expedi-
tion against Bochefort was planned. Sir John Mordaunt commanded
the troops, Hawke the accompanying fleet. But, ignorant of the locality,
the ' generals failed to form a plan which promised success, and the force
returned without having struck a blow.
In 1758, the attack on Louisburg was renewed. To ensure success, it
was necessary to prevent the French from again concentrating a fleet for
its defence. La Clue was waiting in Cartagena for reinforcements from
Toulon, with which he hoped to pass the Straits and make for America.
Osborne skilfully intercepted and dispersed the Toulon squadron
(February), while Hawke attacked the French off the tie dAix (March)
and prevented the formation of a fleet in the Biscay ports. At the same
time, Boscawen mdth alarge squadron covered the operations of Amherst
and Wolfe; and in July the great fortress surrendered. Meanwhile,
Frederick was urging the British Government to create a diversion in
his favour by a descent on the enemy’s "coast. ■ The temporary dispersal'
of the French fleets rendered this possible, and in May a force was
collected in the Isle of Wight. . ■ Pitt’s intention was to take and hold
St Malo, and thus com]^l the French to withdraw troops from the
Ehine to their northern coast. ' But, though St Malo was pillaged and
Cherbourg attacked, no substantial result was achieved. On a second
attempt in August, Cherbourg,-^* that most galling thorn in the side of
British commerce,” was taken,- and the forts destroyed ; but a third
attempt on St Malo in September was repulsed with heavy loss. The
incapacity or unwisdom of the commanders and the preparations of the
French prevented these operations from succeeding, though as a diversion
they contributed to the victoria in America, where not only Louisburg,
but also Porte Prontenae and Duqu^ne, fell to the British.
' To the Prendb it was now evident that, in the struggle for the
mastery of the Great Britain was gaining the upper hand, and that
the loss of Louisburg — the first great blow dealt to them during the
'exposed Canada 'to* imminent danger. Only a vigorous
Vjm-^'lProjectedinvoMon of England -Boseawen.Hawhe. 342c
counter-stroke at the heart of the enemy^ which would affect his financial
stability and prestige and distract him from distant enterprises, could
change the aspect of affairs. In the latter pait of 1758, they boldly
designed the invasion of England. A force of 50,000 w^as to be landed
in Essex, another of 12,000 in Scotland, and a raid was to be made on
the Irish coast. Transpoi*ts were prepared in the Biscay and Channel
points, while at Toulon and Brest fleets were equipped, which were to
unite and clear the way for the expedition. Pitt, while preparing to
resist the attack at home, did not stay his hand in the colonies ; and
his plans for the year included an attack on the French West Indies as
well as the operations in Canada and India. Thus, in 1759, both sides
assumed the offensive.
The first act in the great disaster which overwhelmed the grand
design of the French was begun in the Mediterranean. Boscawen, who
was watching Toulon, was compelled to withdraw to Gibraltar for
repairs. La Clue, seizing his opportunity, came out with twelve sail of
the line. On August 17 he was detected in the Straits by a British
frigate. Boscawen immediately gave chase. Daring the night, La Clue’s
fleet divided, and five vessels took refuge in Cadiz. In the afternoon of
the following day, the rear vessel of the remaining seven was overtaken
and, after a desperate struggle, captured. Of the others, two escaped
to the west, and four ran ashore between Lagos and Cape St Vincent,
where the British, disregarding the neutrality of Portugal, destroyed
two and captured two. This defeat deprived the French of any prospect
of invading England, though they did not abandon the remainder of
their plan. The second act was more prolonged, but in its issue more
dramatic and decisive. In blockading the large fleet which was waiting
in Brest, Hawke had a task which only his pertinacity could have carried
through. His chief difficulties were to maintain his crews and ships in
fighting condition and to hold his ground under all conditions of weather.
He met the former by sending his ships, two or three at a time, to
be cleaned and revictualled at Plymouth. But, with a westerly wind
blowing, the blockading fleet was in danger of being driven on shore
and was compelled to withdraw. Fortunately, the same conditions of
weather made it impossible . for the French to get out of port Early
in November, a tremendous gale drove the British fleet into Torbay,
where it w^as detained for several days. Meanwhile, Bompaii;, returning
from the West Indies, got into Brest, bringing battered ships but
experienced sailors who were drafted into the waiting fleet. From him
Conflans learnt of Hawke’s absence, and accordingly determined to sail at
once for Quiberon Bay, to overpower the frigates under DufiF, which were
cruising along the coast of southern Britanny, and to take up the troops
at Morbihan. On the day of his departure from Brest (November 14),
Hawke returned with twenty-three sail of the line and promptly started
in pursuit. On the morning of ihe 20th, the French ships were sighted
342£? Quibm^onBojy.-Great Britain supreme ontke sea. [i75&~62
near Belle Isle* Conflans, surprised to find himself overtaken by a larger
force, endeavoured to retreat into the Bay, trusting that the British would
not venture on a stormy November afternoon to follow him into its
treacherous watere. But Hawke bore down in pursuit, following the
course of the French, and, within the contracted area of the Bay, among
shoals and reefs, in the midst of a great storm, the Trafalgar of this War
was fought. Seven of the French ships escaped into the Vilaine, nine
to the Loire or to Rochefort, five were taken or destroyed. During the
night two British ships struck on the rocks. It was the price of a
crushing victory, which dispersed all fear of invasion and gave the
command of the sea to Great Britain for the remainder of the War.
Various fates befell the remnants of the great armament which had
been prepared. Thurot, who escaped from Dunkirk with three ships,
after visiting Sweden descended on the Irish coast early in 1760.
He gained a small success at Carrickfergus, but was overtaken by
Captain Eliot off the Isle of Man, and defeated and killed. Rodney
destroyed the flat-bottomed boats at Havre; but the ships blockaded
in the Vilaine slipped out one dark night and got safely into Brest ;
and, with similar good fortune, the division of La Clue’s fleet in Cadiz
escaped to Toulon (January, 1761).
During the remainder of the War, the British fleets maintained
a grand blockade of the French coast from Dunkirk to Marseilles.
They prevented the reunion of the scattered remnants of the French
navy, covered the operations in Canada, paralysed French trade, and
kept the coast towns in a constant state of alarm. At the same time,
Great Britain achieved unparalleled success in the main undertakings
which the conimning naval operations covered. In 1759, Quebec fell to
the brilliant genius of Wolfe ; in the West Indies Guadeloupe was taken,
in Africa Goree; in the East Indies much indecisive fighting ended in
the withdrawal of the French fleet from Indian waters (October). In
the following year the conquest of Canada was completed. Their com-
mand of the sea gave the colony into the hands of the British. The
slender British garrison at Queb^, outnumbered, defeated, and besieged,
depended on reinforcements. These arrived (May 18), while those of the
French were intercepted off the coast of New Brunswick (June 14). Thus,
Quebec was held and Montreal taken. Further successes followed. In
June, 1761, Belle Isle was captured; in February, 1762, Rodney reduced
the French sugar islands, first Martinique and afterwards St Lucia,
Grenada, Tobago and St Vincent. When Spain joined in the War, her
colonies became objects of attack ; and she lost Havana (August) and
Manila (October) with the whole Philippine group. Supreme on the
sea, Great Britain concentmted on colonial conquest; and, though in
,'^ielast yaws ;hf the' war she lost many merchant vessels to the French
' ’ her great' object— empire in east and west, resulting
find'feting upon ^maritime' power*
I
GENEALOGICAL TABLES AND LISTS
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
Ti-ns series of Tables and Lists here supplied consists^ in the first
instance, of Genealogical Tables of the soTereign families of European
and certain other coiintries, together with Lists of elected potentates,
within the period treated in The Cambiidge Modern History. To these
are added Genealogical Tables of certain noble houses, with Lists of
chief ministers of gi^eat States, and of governors of important depend-
encies and colonies, within the same period. Finally, Lists are given of
English (and British) Parliaments and of Imperial Diets, together with
one or two lists of a special kind adverted to below.
These Tables and Lists are primarily intended as aids in the use
of The Cambridge Modern History., and no pretence is made that
every one of them is complete in itself. It is, however, hoped that
they will be found to supply the information likely to be required by
a large proportion of students of modern history, and that no personage
of any historical importance has been passed by in the table or list
where his or her name ought to find a place. The Tables and Lists
should throughout be used in conjunction with the General Index,
Among the Genealogical Tables are included those of various families
which were prominent in European Succession questions, or took a lead-
ing part in the civil and religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries. Room has been found for Tables of certain other families of
which various members are not easily identifiable in the usual books of
reference. Thus, several notable Irish clans are given. On the other hand,
it has not been thought necessary to include Tables of weliknown houses
in the English and the Scottish nobility, which may be traced without
difficulty in peerages or other handbooks. The Howard, Douglas, and
Campbell families have, however, been exceptionally introduced, in order
to draw attention to their political alliances ; and, on much the same
grounds, certain of the great ministerial families of the sixteenth and
eighteenth centuries have been included. The Reding Table^ which has
been placed by the side of that of the De Retz family for the sake of
convenience only, is intended to show a connexion not usually noticed.
4
Genei^iogiced Tables and Lids^
As to order of sequence^ the Tables and Lists have, so far as possible,
been an‘aiiged under the heads of the countries to which they severally
relate, beginning in each division with the British Empire. Here, the
governors of the more important colonies only are given, the lists
beginning ordinarily from the date when representative or responsible
ministerial government was first set on foot in the several colonies.
In the case of the German Genealogical Tables selection has not
been easy, owing to the large number of sovereign families ; so far as
possible, preference has been given to those of which prominent members
are mentioned in the History, The Spanish Tables likewise required
much compression, owing to exigencies of space. The identification of
individuals is peculiarly difficult here, occasionally in consequence of a
form of Spanish pride, which showed itself iu, the systematic suppression,
in family genealogies, of members of the family who had disgraced ” it.
Spanish titles usually descended to daughters as w^ell as to sons; and
records often only date from the creation of the Grandees of Spain onwards.
An enumeration of the works used in the compilation of the Genea*
logical Tables and for certain of the Lists would be in some respects
misleading, but it may be of service to the student to direct his
attention, among more recent publications, to A. Cohn’s revised edition
of T. G, VoigtePs Stamnitafeln der Geschichte der europauchm Staaten^
of which unfortunately only VoL i {Germany and the Netherlands) has
appeared (Brunswick, 1871); to Ferndndez de Bethencourt’s Historia
geneabgica y heraldica de la Mcmarquia Espafmla (Vols. i~viir, Madrid,
1897-1910, in progress) ; to Burgos’ Blazon de Espana (Madrid, 1853-
60) ; and to P. Litta’s Famiglie Celehri Italiane (Milan, 1819 sqq., in
pvgress)* J. Hiibner’s venerable Genealogische TabeUen^ 4 vols. (1733-
66) with Supplements (Copenhagen, 18^2-4), have been put largely
under contribution, together with Koch’s Tables GenSalogiqites des
Maisons souveraines de PEzirope (Strassburg, 1780), especially useful
for Italy and Prance, and L. Mor<^ri’s Grand Dictionnaire Jmtoriqm^
particularly in the Spanish edition, 8 vols., Paris, 1753.
The list of English Parliaments has been compiled from the data in
the Journals of the two Houses (which often supplement each other), the
Stattdes of the Reahn^ and the Calendars of Stale Papers^ compared with
C. H. Parry’s The Parliaments amd Councils of England (1839) and other
authorities.
The List of Cofgresses and Conferences has been confined mainly to
formal gatherings of plenipotentiari^ of the chief European States, or of
particular States negotiating with one another as to terms of peace and
other objects of common interest; but a few meetings between sovereign^
PreUminary Remarks,
5
mentioBed in the earlier portions of this Hidoryj and a few meetings of
representatives of particnlar opinions or interests in recent times, have
been exceptionally included.
The List of Leagues and Alliances is essentially a selected list. It
might, of course, have been extended almost indefinitely in many periods
of Modem History between the fifteenth and the twentieth century;
the guiding consideration has in each case been the relative historical
importance of the league or alliance mentioned, and its consequent
mention in this work. Confederations of States formed on the basis
of a written constitution have been consistently omitted.
No List of General Councils has been inserted, the number of
Councils acknowledged as such by the Western Church at large from the
fifteenth century onwards being so small that an enumeration of them
seemed unnecessary. On the other hand, a List of Secularised Bishoprics
seemed desirable, in view of the difficulty in following the main territorial
changes involved. It has not however proved possible to include the
large list of Abbots and Abbesses of princely rank; the dates of
the secularisation of their dominions may easily be ascertained from
C. WoUFs Die unmittelbaren TheiU des ehemaligen romisch-deutscJmi
Kaiserreiches^ etc, (Berlin, 1873), or from other sources.
The Lists of Congresses and Conferences and of Leagues and
Alliances are expressly intended to be selections only ; from the former,
Religious Colloquies have been excluded.
Finally, the List of Universities has been restricted to Universities
proper ; single Faculties as well as University Colleges, Academies, and
similar institutions providing higher instruction being, for want of space,
excluded. The list does not include Universities founded before 1450.
Among the Universities of the United States of America, those are
enumerated which report to the United States Bureau of Education
and are included in its lists. Some of the more important Academies
and Societies founded for the advance of learning and research are
mentioned in Chapter xxiii of Vol. v of this History.
Titles borne and^ offices held by persons mentioned in the Tables
or Lists have been inserted only in so far as they seemed necessary
for the purpose of identification. Fuller descriptions will often be
found in the General Indew^ or in the Indexes of particular volumes.
The spelling of names conforms so far as possible to the rules adopted
in the compilation of the General Index^ in view of the precedents set
by the History itself. Christian names are Anglicised or left in their
foreign form as in the Index and the History^ and foreign surnames are
spelt as they are spdt ^there* Tito'are given in English where English
6
Genealogical Tables and Lists.
equivalents exist ; in the case of French titles, they are given in French
(Duc^ etc.) from the French Revolution onwards, when they ceased to be
territorial and became honorific only.
In the Genealogkdt Tables^
Black type is used for crowned heads, Emperors and Kings — but
not for those incidentally mentioned {eg. as married) in Tables of other
.HO'Uses. .
SiHALL Capitals are used for succession of minor territorial potentates,
as Electors, Archdukes, etc., and for titles of a branch line in the table,
in brackets, eg. [Weimae].
Explanatory indications (of various kinds) are given in italics.
Dates of accession are given only when necessary to avoid confusion —
date of death alone is given when succession went from father to son, or
from brother to brother, or is obvious without a date of accession.
A reference to another table {see e.g. Table 100) signifies that a line
not shown in the Table containing the reference continues in the liable
refeiTed to ; or that there is some other special reason for the reference.
PreTirrdnary Remarks.
In the Tables and Lists use has been made of the following
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS.
al)i.
for abdicated
s.
for son
Abp.
yy Arcbbisbop
Sec.
9S
Secretary
A'dro,, ,,
Administrator
s.p.
93
mne pr&k {i.e, kgiiima)y
'ArcM.
j, Arcbduke
only inserted when some
xirclidss.
, , fy Arcbdiicbess
importance attaches to
b.
bom
the fact
Bp.
yy Bisbop
Visct.
99
Viscount
C. Ctss.
yy County Countess
wid. wdr.
93
widow^ widower
Capt.
yy Captain
(1)(2)(3) if placed next to the name
Card.
yy Cardinal
of a person, signifies the
Coi.
yy. Colonel
' ordinal among Ms or her
Com,. ■
yy Consort
marriages of that noted
cr, , '
yy created
in the table (e.g. Henry
B, Dss.
, ,, Duke^ Ducbess
Vni(6)=(S)Cath. Parr).
dau.
yy daughter
If placed above a name.
dep.
yy deposed
(1) (2) indicates child of
div.
yy divorced
first or second marriage
Dow.
yy Dowager
i,2(iteL)
above name indicates order
E. Ctss.
Earl^ Countess
of birth (used where this
EL
yy Elector
is altered in the order of
Emp.
yy Emperor
printing, for the sake of
Empss.
yy Empress
convenience)
ex. ' ,
yy executed
as
for married
G/B, . -
yy Grand Duke
t
99
died
Gen.
yy General
zz
99
4 generations (and so with
Gov.
yy Governor
zz
other numbers)
„ 'Eingr :
■ ■ ■■•
99
lapse of several genera-
Lgr.,
yy Landgrave
•
tions, not specified
lieut.
yy Lieutenant
'i'
99
descendants not here shown
■Lit. -Gen.
yy Lieutenant-General
^ —
99
illegitimate
Lt.-GoY.
yy Lieutenant-Governor
( )
enclosing title, signifies, in
yy Marquis or Margrave
the Table^y that this was
■■morg-." :
morganatic
acquired after marriage ;
Mss.
yy Marchioness
enclosing a lower title, it
murd.
yy murdered
means that this is the
P. Pbs.
: . ' . ^ prince^ Princess. . ' , . '
' title generally uswi; in
Pal.
yy Palatine
the ListBy that the date
Pres.
yy President
of Its acquisition was
Q.
yy Queen
after that of appoint-
yy renounced claim
ment to the office in
rest.
yy restored
question
GENEALOGICAL TABLES AND LISTS.
Paet I. Genealogical Tables of Rdlihg and Noble Houses.
A. , The British Empire,.
Table 1
9)
3 >
33
.33
33
33
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
33
33
33
33
33
17
18
19
20
21
Houses of Tudor in England and of Stewart in Scotland. (Tb©
Tudor and tlie Stewart Succession*)
House of Stewart.
The English Succession^ 1714.
Hanover line.
Saxe-Coburg and -Gotha line.
Greyj Seymour and Dudley.
Howard and Dacre.
Devereux (Essex) and Sidney.
Cecil and Bacon.
Gromwell.
Churchill^ Spencer^ Cavendish^ Walpole, Townshend, and Pelham.
Stanhope, Pitt, and Grenville.
Granville and Russell.
Fox and Lennox,
Douglas and Hamilton. (Principal branches in the sixteenth
century.)
Campbell (Argyll and Breadalbane). (To the latter part of the
eighteenth century.)
Earls of Desmond and Kildare (Fitzgerald).
Butler (Ormond, Ossory, and Mountgarret),
O'Neill (Tyrone).
O'Donnell (Tyrconnel).
O'Brien (ITiomond and Inchiquin).
M,': yFmnee,
Table 22
House of Valois (1) to Charles VIIL
23
,, (2) from Louis XII.
'i'.33 '
24
House of Bourbon and Bourbon-Orleans.
25
Bourbon and Montpensier.
33
26
Bourbon (Conde and Vendome)
33
27
Montmorency and Coligny*
28
Bouillon.
3
29
Guise and Longueville.
3
30
De Retz.
33
SO A Reding.
33
31
House of Bonaparte.
Gemalo^al Tahks and Lists.
C. The Empire and Amtria.
Table 32 House of Habsbarg to Cliarles VI.
33 Habsborg-Lorrame line. (Tbe Aiistma, Soccessioii,), : .
34 Lorraine.
yy 35 Electors of Branclenbnrg.
„ 36 Prussia.
yy 37 Braiidenburg-Bairentli (Culmbacli) and Brandenburg- Ansbacli. . '
yy 38 Tlie Succession to Julich;, Cieves and Berg.
„ 39 The House of Wittelsbach in the Palatinate and Bavaria.
„ 4^ Bavaria (1). House of Wittelsbach from 1460.
„ 41 ,, (2).
yy 42 The Palatinate (1) old line.
yy 43 yy (2) 813111061*0 1106.
^,44 yy (3) Zweibracken line.
„ 45 „ (4) Neuburg line.
yy 46 "yy (5) Sulzbach line.
yy 47 >5 (6) Birkenfeld line and Kings of Bavaria.
yy 48 Saxony, House of Wetfcin: earlier Ernestine line m Gotha,
Weimar, and Altenbnrg.
,, 49 Electors and Kings of Saxony. House of Wettin, Albertine line.
„ 50 Saxony. Later Ernestine lines in Gotha, Coburg, and Altenbnrg
(Hildburghausen).
,, 5i Saxony. Later Ernestine lines in Weimar-Eisenach and Meiningen.
yy 52 Brunswick and Brunswick-Liineburg (to George II).
,, 53 Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel.
yy 54 Kings of Hanover (from George III).
yy 55 Landgraves, Electors and Grand Dukes of Hesse and Princes of
■■ '.Battenherg. ... .
,, 56 Margraves and Grand Dukes of Baden. House of Zahringen.
„ 57 Dukes and Kings of Wiirtemberg and Dukes of Teck.
. '. yy. ' 58 '.'Anhalt. ■■
,, 59 The ScMeswig-Hoistein Succession.
yy 60 Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp and Grand Dukes of Oldenburg,
,, 61 Mecklenburg.
,, 62 Dukes of Pomerania (from 1473).
,, 62 A I^ater Counts of Mansfeld (of Eisleben).
D. The Netherlands.
Table 63 Burgundy and Brabant.
,, 64 Orange^Nassan ; Stadholdei^ of Holland and Zeeland etc.
,, 65 Nassan-Dillenburg, Nassau-Siegen ; Kings of Holland ; Stadbolders
of (West) Friesland; Grand Dukes of Luxemburg
„ 66 Belgium. House of Coburg.
E. lUlp*
Table 67 Savoy.
yy 68 Visconti and Sforza in Milan (showing the French claim to Milan).
„ 69 Florence and Tuscany: House of Medici.
yy 70 Dukes of Parma: Fames^ line,
yy 71 Naples: lines of Aragon and Anjou and the French ckim.
yy 72 Naplc« (two Sicilia) and Parma: Bourbon lines.
yy 73 ,Gi^d 'Duk^ of Tuscany and Modena.
74 Ferrara and Modena:- Hoiro of Este.
Genealogiccd Tables and Lists.
11
E.
J.
""(coEtd.)'. . '
Table,. : 15 vV'Bukes of MaEtaa;. House of Gouzaga from 1478..'.
: ...76 Gibo aud CMgL
■■ ■' '■. 11 ' '..Borgia,
\ .78 ' Dukes of Urbino: MontefeltrO' and della' Ro¥©r©*
79 AldobraEdiiii, Borgbese^ and Pamdli.
F.
Spain,
Table 80
„ 81
G,
H.
Houses of. Castile and Aragon to PMip 'III.
The family of Charles V.
•5 82 The Spanish Succession.
.. 83 House of Bourbon.
84 Kings of Navarre.
85 Toledo (Alva), Figueroa, and Henrifuez,
,, 86 Zuniga (Ayamonte, Miranda, Monterey) and Sandoval,
,, . 87 Velasco, Mendoza, and Guzman (Medina Sidonia and Olivares).
Portugal and BrassiL
Table 88 Kings of Portugal from John I to John IV.
„ 89 House of Braganza
Sweden and Norway,
Table 90 Houses of Vasa and Holstein-Gottorp.
„ 91 House of Bernadotte.
92 King of Norway.
Denmark,
Table 93
Kings of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. (House of Oldenburg L)
Kings of Denmark and Norway. (House of Oldenburg II.)
Poland y Hungary and Transylvania,
Table 95 Houses of Jageilo and Zapdlya.
,, 96 Bathory.
„ 97 Bethlen and Apaffy. (a) Bethlen of Ikfe, (p) Apaffy,
,, 98 Rakdczy and Zrmyi.
,, 99 Czartoryski.
K.
Bassia,
Table 100
^■■.:'.„."''ioi
Tsars' in. EuBS.ia from 1402. .
House of Romanoff.
Turkey and the Balkan States.
Table 102 The Ottoman Sultans from 1451.
,, 103 Greece.
,, 104 Montenegro.
,, 105 Servia. ' (a) House of Karageorgevich, (b) House of Obrenovich.
,, 106 Eoumania. ’
„ 107 Bulgaria.
M. The Hast.
,. .. . Table 108
3 »
Egypt,, .{a) Grand Vezars.-.-of the femily .of Kiuprili, (&) Khedives
of the family 'of Mohammad ^AM (Mehemet Ali).
109 '-Persia. , ' Shahs ^ of the Kajar Dynasty.
110 Moghul Emperors of India., ,
111 (a) Manchu-Tartar Emperors .of China, Ta ChTng Dynasty,
(5) Recent Emperors of Japan.
112 Japan. Shoguns of the .Tokugawa Dynasty from 1603.
12
Genealogical Tables and Lists.
Paet II. Lists of Spieitoal Peinces, Eebcted Soveeeigns, etc.
Table 113 The Popes from 1447.
114 Electors of Cologne from 1463.
115 Mainz from 1434,
116 Trier from 1439.
11? Archbishops of Canterbury from 1454
118 Archbishops of York from 1430.
119 Bishops and Archbishops of Paris from 1473.
120 Generals of the Order of Jesus.
121 Elected Kangs of Poland. *
122 Doges of Venice fi*om 1414,
123 Presidents of the United States of America,
124 French Eepublic.
125 Presidents of Mexico.
126 Brazil,
127 Lords Lieutenant, Lords Deputy, and Lords Justices of Ireland
from 1485,
128 Governors-Generai of India and other Indian Governors.
129 Governors and Acting Governors (1656-1904) of Jamaica.
130 ,, of North American Colonies before 1776.
131 ,, and Governors-General of the Dominion of Canada.
132 „ ,, of Australia and New Zealand.
133 „ and Commissioners of South Africa.
134 Consuls-General, etc., of Egypt and the Sudan,
135 Governors of the Spanish Netherlands and Governors of the
Austrian Netherlands.
136 Palatines of Hungary and Princes of Transylvania.
137 Spanish Governors of Milan.
138 Viceroys of Naples and Sicily.
139 Chief Ministers in Great Britain (England) from 1485.
140 ,, France from Henry IV.
141 „ the Empire and Austria from Charles V to
1871.
142 ,, Prussia to 1871.
143 Chancellors of the German Empire.
144 Chief Ministers in the Kingdom of Italy.
145 Spain from Philip III to 1873.
99
n
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
■ 99
99
99
Pabt III. Lists of Paeliahehts, Gfneeal Councils, etc.
List of Secularised Bishoprics (with dates of secularisation and
new sovereigns).
„ English Parliaments (1485 to the Septennial Act).
,, Imperial Diets (selection only).
,, Congresses and Conferences (selection only).
,, Leagues and Alliances (selection only),
,, Universities founded from 1450.
Table 146
99
147
99
148
99
149
99
150
9
151
0. at.
I , *111*. K/r f, ■ t'-.
^ V • ‘iS
m
S
S
m
K
m
13
2
§SS
oa ®
z G
^ PJ fe fec^
S s I
g-g 2
^*•§1
's? 3 122
;=! s ©.
® O’ls TS
rl ©
0
g
H
» 1
a
»-(
" ""tS
r-l"
«
«
5n
S3
6
0
fH
Jt>.
. md
0
I ©
a ^ Octu S3
^ §.Sq s
II “-^
& J=^ £3 ■ S ■
3 ,o as . S'
■ K- ,. ©,i>- 5 .'
^00 o a o
S?i.2| S
1^ II 2*8
j5 <
«'S§
© P^© . :
I
- 5 SS
■s o^
S .’’S
i
1-^2
TABLE 4
D. of Scania
Frances^ Sir John Villiers (Visct. Furbeck) Elizabeth = William Cavendish 3rd E. of Devonshire
eldef!^ brother of George B. qf BucMngham s4/ (descendant of Mary Brandon aunt arid
(D. of Buckingham) coheiress of Charles D, of Suffolk)
1 16*84
m K
o pq g
th Sr’
O &
S q I
H S g
S S “
E-f H 3
g
M
s ^
^ J
St t
^ g
M fe(
© r*
‘"a V
-'S'fe
J S
<« gs
•M>
s s
3
:
z;
§
C 5
Pw
o
a
CO
®
g*
■fl
I-
I
♦-»
a''"'
m.
a# :
® sr3
§•1
,• 31 ®
rcziQS'
.& 0 +-
3 .
si
3 «l*-
■■■§ ■ 'I
?rj 1*0
—r^ S .«t>» '®s>
.fa's gs
Wi o
m
m
rt
m
"t
CO .
II-
3
o
m
: 5 g
si
rs
oa
' 5 §' 3 ^ ■■"
J'S m
k 8 l§
:B W S'
m » 5 =^
SS S ®
S'®.® ■
® 0^45
^ i'll
r§ o't^ g R,
rSl^ I E,
I'S'^il^
L^ii
■a
: ce
§51
■§)| §
r- ^ ^ ©
' s ii ^
o ®
o
m 0
S S
§ I o
•—4 CO
.iX? ' o -
£«i 3 +
® S *•
^ P «S' ®
'i^s Is
f^g ’3
s .
*» .13 .
I © ■© "ts *
I , p ft .
§5 § a^
^Sa si-
4211
.' O Jjg. ^
Q ^
0 ^ ' . . W w ,
jQi ©. .mX} C|«| f.
g &ni®
L.|.
d “*"
S ©
ci±^
-^ 0:3
^*2 ®1
V Q h*
Icii
Odo (Lord Ampthill)s=Lady Theresa VilHers
umbaesador 1 1884 dau. of E. of Clarendon Foreign Beo»
cli &
H 3 «
(-5 ^ a
pg g S3
B S 2
cU «
Dukes of Richmond and Gordon
TABLE 16
DOUGLAS AND HAMILTON GENEALOGIES
(PRINCIPAL BRANCHES IN SIXTEENTH CENTURY) BRITISH EMPIRE
Ui
® a
— ^ John 3rd E. of Bute
Mary= Visct. Goke Prime Minister 1761“3
2
rh £lt
H o I
S d
S I s
B W 3
® ■ . .
O"eo
TABLE 22
HOUSE OF VALOIS (1) OENEALOOIES
-j=sQ
I"
Ob s]?*
M 'So J
.2^ g^
-isjf
1^ tm w ^
“" J s |
’S g-TS
eS s^iO
oS ^
Ji iO
“■ aj CD
■. ^«w *2
O o
O B t-
•gg^
s5|g
^ ClS
' 'fXa tH ^
g ® s
b *-ci.^ j£>*-
J «» l-l* *o
A
,.ii
I'hIs
;s ° § So
&**«
gft ff*i-
J
- T^>,
Flrancian Charles IX Hem^ylll Francis Elizabeth Claude Margnret-(p Henry IV
tlfieo tl574#.jj. murd. IfiBOs.y. D. of Alen^on =(3)PMlipII =Charle3 {see Table U)
Mary Q. of Scots = Elizabeth of =Louisc and Anjou K. of Spain 1). of I^rraine
Austria de Mercoeur 1 1584 s.p.
TABLE 24
HOUSE OF BOURBON AND BOURBON-ORLEANS GENEALOGIES
FRANCE
Marie de' Medici»(2) Henry IV ( 1 ) 5 = Margaret dau. of Henry II
I 1689-1610 mnrd.
*1 ^
w § 3
■t> 5 ^ ' .
K<30
—
P ° «s
^o3
s
Anna
Victor 2
(K. of
3 . a ’3
eS
Ja
U 11
4nS
l-^i
Ph
■^l-S
©
I- C8 © CO
**!!l P tut
I'S s
K
P ja ©
pqP
(1 —
'03
jS n
■ ^
® Tj
p
.2 : S g
I o ®ra o
U 05 _A'
U ” 0 ' 4 -
£t<, ‘-S
cQ a!
<i C
£D ® Jlj ^
•3 'ts O § ^
fs-Sgal
O ^
,!d H- 1 .Si
•r I— < !-
^ P4
a .
§S'S
b^- S
i-^P^.
>>H © 03
a'sS'
O , ©
JMM
a J s
r=tl-S S
■5 g,^
® g*o
J>2 q
'-I
® &
fiK|,
|3|
. ;3 00 }
;3 C LPri ©
r«j -f« ® 'T5
p? i
em
act G
. CO
r (fi CQ »-<
6 ©no
*T0 f-<
. J3
p a
0
a
1 4
PP
I!
© ©
^ fH o
*g S 'I g
s a
pSi.g -r-i
J3 «*-, © '
<3 o
■' ''lO. ■'■.'S
s
m S
5 1
B,
- S3 a _ a:; > <
4 - Qi o
- HO jaa .
d o
o ft5 V
Q il —
d §
s>
i ^
r0
' Ol'
(V
- a »o .gi
&r^ i:
r” _i_
o I
'-'3'gS-t-
^ ®S
00 S
1 -s
d
. «/ a»
> ti OS 1 h Q
1 »*o a »co.
Ss'^
■S i
Il|l
rt ® ^ rH
^ ns 'g 4-
>^''C0'"' ■■:
, d St*
rd J-HI «5
/a Grande Mademoiselk
1 1693
W WJ
123 O
« W g
o
fS
jLTH-f ns
kS >*S
^ ao
I ©
15; «
.SJ
r-nS *%it. »0
-s si:
§ 1
, SCb
SP 5
S|s
w ^
•T3 O** •“
•VS
b c »
L g . 52 'd
&g H
§*§
r^' d'
^'£ '
^ S S J?<m
£:»^ S^£2
■IS||S-
^Mai
i's
S M' ©■■■
oiSJ wi
,g O g « f§
S bJDiS <» ,
ga^tSi^
,£9
o o
ii®
^ O »« J^'
<3 So il*!V
Frauds
ral of Gu
1 1591
i
-l'fe‘1
W »5!*+-
5®
1
II— >
"H^i
D. of ChatiUon
tl649
BOUILLON aENEALOGIES
FRANCE
C3
S3 «3 SJt-*
St is
a § 21 ^:
g^as
55^
g 52 > i-i
io4*-
8
l-s’ra
•s ° 1 s
S? ' 53 'IS ^
t3 c8
§ !S
sS-Sl
«■«•
S ® IS ® s.
O s 1 »_
i>§ I
•I'S I
gft ss
<» <w
«h o
Dukes of Bouillon
HU 1732
TABLE 29
GUISE AND LONGUEVILLE GENEALOGIES
FRANCE
Antoinette de Bourbon = Claude of Lorraine D. of Guise + 1650
o
Louis Joseph « Isabel dau. of Gaston D. of Orleans
D. of Guise
Joyeuse etc.
Francis Joseph f 1675
V 3 ^
m Q
ii
43 .
rA CD
( 2 's
li-S
•§ I ^
■® I i
*s
I K!
S3 Os i--<
«.S+.
•rs . ^
fl § <o '
,o, o
O,
■,/T3. «' '£*■■0
c-f:
L« g O*-^
»**” . ^ _{«.
II
«
O
^ S %i
« ’S-
■ «
4
I
Scl Si
o ^ ’S
^o,..sa i*S«
illlitft
pi
B
m
K
M
' '.'O :
m
B
o
W
^ g g
■■.'■CO'':
s s §
h:? a «
III
cU
!3 rS
O gjo
O E JO
5^ s='M
<q
O . -5“
^ c3
:2io
II
K f
00^
QO
11 »
S 1:5
So?
!>.g
B p
ji
W'gSS
ӤJJ5
’SL-»-
>a^
j1>o
u oo.r**'
rgoS:
1 ,ja ^ rn.
;|cgtt§
g ‘
^' 11 ^
Maria Theresa =aFKANcis Stephei? Charles «= Maria Anna Elizabeth ss Charles Emmanuel III
of Austria | (Emp. Francis I) of Austria Theresa D. of Savoy
Q. of Hungary sj^ exchanged Lorraine
(see TaUe 33) for Tmcany
;C0'.
O S
g ^ I
< Is
& § H
C5
r— I il
i
Q?
J o£h^P^
og 'S
O^'^O I
CS ® r§ *.05
■~®3
.'? Ilf** 0.3
■
c8 "t-i ^
IS ® *«
'—'l.'gM
^«fS's
s ^
f'Bo I
n^i
” §■'«
d S o
l-i^iS-
3 *^ 0 as
•rt s fe)C
. ^ ■ ■ t,;.
®
,*4 iH >0
ovi : ®.
ISl^esS
W
00 ..■ , ^ ■■
-s^ i
o fl;d
is 13
s
3s ■
11 —
a
.24 CO ®
o ^
ll I
w I
— §1^
c3 CO
oBr~i
■s g ^
'H 2 % tiD
?3 /S O '3
~^U. '. g
2
8
;-r
5-2 <« S?
.wQ
-|l«|
3^d3
S' -i
^§ s j
asn3 io
-§58?
.SSCr^^
3 o
;sl
siSi
31 o 3
^lll
<l3hS-S
^ a
O ^
o3
2
-go g
ilS
3 o'jrf
lacQ ®
^ u
ij'S-
|1:S
^92
TABLE 37
BBANDENBURG-BAIREUTH (CULMBACH) AND BEANDENBURG-ANSBACH GENEALOGIES
THE EMPIRE
00 w
CO g «
§ S I
^ g s
■<1 Z ffi
B S ^
<5
S S sj,
r-« S f -H
4- g 4-
".'.■'■'■e r'
■ ■ '. ■
':;
■ ".J^' •■■■■■■
fSjIco
S , cS '®.
f§ ®
pq jy ^
■..e-'s' gs/''.''
|s|
atj . .
^ O S
i;QS.
J— ( 6 m
a ° °
» ki
.e-’o
PM 03 *5
22 J
e8
-I
(/2 tw
® «
M
•o -H
-^;3 0
l":'r£
11
«
05 <0 "*“
i.S S>
. &
© bn
K. ®
S 45 ' «
5;Sf§
|:?'S
11
g “ Slfi
= a
§«ll
» M © c
ll^l
-< . CO-
s* ^ . CSI
-§ ®Ss
US ^-5
g^£
^|l
gu
^"''■'2s>''§'"'S'""
:a :§§cg:0'::
1 - 1=11
«JoHN SiGisMUND Maty s=^ Christian Sophia = William Eleonora == Joachim Magdalen John George I
El. of Al. of Baireuth B. of Courland Frederick Sibylla El. of
Brandenburg (Culmhach) EL of Saxony
Brandenburg
GENEALOGIES
Charles Philip f and El. of Bavma 171
El. Palatine Charles Theodore K. of Bavaria 1806
1 1742 El* Palatine 1742 si/
EL of Bavaria 1777
tl799^.p.
c^'
^ *3 s
ij <} SI
?S i s
- e ■:
THE PALATINATE ( 2 ) SIMMERN LINE GENEALOGIES
TABLE 45
{mu Table 46 )
GENEALOGIES
ementlrancis Michael El. Palatine 1742
Bavaria s.p. of Birkenfeld El. of Bavaria 1777
+ 1799 «.i/.
TABLE 47
THE PALATINATE (6) BIRKENEELD LINE AND KINGS OF BAVARIA GENEALOGIES
' _ THE EMPIRE
SAXONY. HOUSE OF WETTIN: EARLIER ERNESTINE LINE TABLE 4=8
IN GOTHA, WEIMAR AND ALTENBURG GENEALOGIES
^ O s,
3 s
ti5
m
'.m : M .'m
■ .0 g
g s s
S S W
2'^ a
lO'
Lwerin
DUKES AND KINGS OP WUftTEMBERG TABLE S'?
AND DUKES OP TECK GENEALOGIES
THE EMPIRE
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN SUCCESSION GENEALOGIES
m
04
m
bo
m
g
pj
*o
ff ■
•xs
.m
.Sis©
S ® 3 ^
«s -s
fe- ®
»5> •■So
M S S :
IP
S3
rO
a
*«-« «)
o
-Scg-^
go::
o
o
►- a
ea o
flpi ^
X, : ^ ; .
■>—< ' ® „
i
......
'■■"' ’S' 4- ::://'■■„
,^:y
o
:,e?i
"■■'.§ 'S.;,
■■,;.H ; -as ■'
§ i®
r
if
'.M'V
,«CS,:
■: '©'■
■; pSii;' '■
B
>:
I 1
44 §■
2
• S2
' '■';JS" '***■■ ■'’■
*o .
"I:
!
IlliS
Jl?
Aiexsndrinas^Chriatmn Crown F. of Denmark PEBOBaioK Fbancis 1¥ 1897- Cecilia ^William German P. Imperial
: P5 W a
d5
Bp. of Cammin
resigned Pomerania to Brandenburg 1650
+ 1684
TABLE f)2 A
3 d «
ill
B S k,
O ffl
' m 9 :
^ 5
® 3 3
H S I
PQ pq g
<5 Z z
B S «
O ffl
C !3
fr!
pq
O
u
o
m
m
&
O
a
§
a
I
i
n
©
O O
CO
as ^ -P'
w
Ss-S o
SS 00 kJ
S §L
Ot
n*( 03
* 0 JC] ^2S cl
■sisi
S'®
jm
3
rS 0?'
oS|
ts
2 • 05
"XS *
ft
g S
©
i-d
ft fl *o
*'•** Co O
'sSS'
Q
S
03 ®
' g -SS
‘pi ,
.la
43,
m *
^ 1 “
O JS: S3
Sfl ^ §j
a.S
- p.ii 23 © §
a?_S,£! SS
aa O S
0=3
“'S3
M.
Q
4
s
ts
•s
fl —
a
■-I I
o
3
03
§ s
7 C3
d ®
CJ c8
-•Cfo
S StM
taw »
lip;
os
J
I
a
.D
"§
.2 a
§ t3 ^
"''ft'S'
'^J
. fti’S
-iPi
Ja'I
:Ca^
:6-^8;
Humbert sL Helena of Orleans s=s Emmanuel D. of Aosta
FLOEENCB AND TUSCANY; HOUSE OF MEDICI
TABLE 10
DUKES OF PARMA: FARNESE LINE GENEALOGIES
Ales^ndro Elizabeth = Philip V K. of Spain
t 1698 t 1766 ^
■m .
B y
® §
1
g \>
riLs*-
I I
sm B ^
O jj K ^
^ .2’5*is *:
— S S 5 ) 3 CO 'I
l-s ” h
/< ss
® §■ 'e
/ii-'il'
II
SS Og
■< ®
- ® 4 -
b^-l-
■Peo ®o> &■
B -2 (M r w
-^=i-l2 S
5§ S->-
iiS
J>»5S w a.*§
I** ” Sr o
S .2 «9
lQ 3 ^
<s ic4t'^
o s » •
►^211=1
g'glo
* .2 o «»
L. ^ . %>
»d § ^
Pl-J ^
C8 g CD
b§lZc6
O
||m^
5?|
Z3 u
■i SS
-ajj ai
1 1^1 Si
II 9 !
.g ^
QJS O
^ -fr Tf
* Adopted (a) Alfonso V, (6) Louis III, (c) R&e
■ o
'.m
d 5
S
:m
§
S'
m
0
B
w
u
o
PQ
o
S
S'
M ' -S 'r
Q
'-^ 'i*:
S'
« -ii
s ■«
:; ■ “ 'ftS .:
■I'D'-'
O
bD
<
I i s
fS-s
il« °
' 'f 4
lJ'§
5
fj<<
1666-07 Agostino- Maria Virginia
lord of Farneso^ Borghese
tlTlB
TABLE 17
BORGIA * GENEALOGIES
TABLE 78
DUKES OF UKBINO : MONTEFELTRO AND DELLA ROVEEE GENEALOGIES
ITALY
Outdo Antonio 8tli C. of Montefeltro
S *2
§ o d
S W • o
(i
0 $
{pth descendant from
Giannetino Doria
of Genoa 1 1647 )
'c^y
'■'i'
00
s.,
h:!
1
:Z
►"HI
|1|
ffl-
03
z.
'
TABLE 84
®NEALOGIE
SPAIN
if
i'
CO 5
H 52 ;
,' t. j , >«HI
5:3 <5 S
W H M
< Z
o “d'
■ «t 3 ' ■■ ■ :P
JKH, '«S>' , ' 'Sx O
r.ft o ^ I: ^ H *2
■^3
■ ^ O >T»
S'SKJ
; 53 g 03 ^.
r_j O
■g ^ f
VELASCO, MENDOZA AND GUZMAN (MEDINA SIDONIA AND OLIVARES) TABLE 87
GENEALOGIE
Inigo liopez Hurtado de Mendoza s^Cataliiia dau. of Lor, Suarez de SPAIN
M, of Santillana 1 14d8 I G, M, of Santiago
1 I PMUp n (in of Spain)
Sebastian Carlos I 1598-1621
1 1578 + 1568 Phiup ni (IV of Spain)
dep. 1640
Caroline — Albert K. of Baxony
TABLE 96
JAGELLO AND ZAP6lYA GENEALOGIES
TABLE 90
BATHORY GKNKALOG-IlSb
POLAND, HUNGARY
^ a I
o ^
m o 5
d &
3' S <
& H «
S fc^-
S
QG
- > CO
g*
1
ns 2 T_
© 3"^
O
►CJ
S
rCH 2 ®
Sf;
i
tt)
o
.2
«
fl
§ 1
O
T
a
i -S;
£1
iO
tH
.2^
ii
+-
*o 'S*
HH se
1“
ris
i’i
>
. c8
*as
3
£
1*
Jat, ^
lO
s
tt
5:5
Mich
' Transyl
1663-90
■ '«»J S3 '9 j
' o g t S
Cm i-«
O o
to*! «
Lf |ft 5 S
II
C) o
Michael II = Catliarine Bethlen
P, of Transylvania 1690-1 tl726
tl 7 l 3 ^f.j».
RAKOCZY AND ZRINYI GENEALOGIES
clamant of Transylvania 1736
tl738
GENEALOGIES
O"
' cs
: §
!>
i
o
o
ca
■X3
g
•XS
f
50
S
S
S
0
1
Q
44
CO
I-
0 — ea
i
•s
Ot«
O
CD
fl
c3
CL,
pH
i?
1
{!(
1 !
09 O
2.2 ^
® ii CO
»&<->-
I
>63
§ I
cm eg
‘2 *fl
■pS S,'S
rjlJ
a
ho
I'
ij
l-(fe
•§ geo
2^+-
FQ aj
2
cc '
11 -
5 ?3
^r— 5 DO L * S
-3&^|
_l
S
o
O
-s sl
S.SJ
i
a
s g.s
- ^
6
<33
cij
Fg.S'S'
«“JI
a
E JT*
O 5“f
C3 "2 .,g
hill"
Sfil
f2 I S ^
^ § I *2
ij .i;
O St
■nO'
§S
J”
r<+-
©
h3
I
CO
§
o
Ss
O
<5
©
.2
"S
2
-§
o
0
1
'OS
<
l|
I
- ©
•§
if*
TABLE 100
K-"" ■■■'■"
O M
05 : . , ■■
9 u 3 ^
w e «
0 1
tri o
■ 21 “=
_S|S
® »+.
(It'S
<S> ^
Hi a
CD S d,
-i§_ g
.t-S
isSs|S*#i»S
-If
.'S:;::: o
j '2 ew^
Sl| ® I
-r-Tja . (D
oSw t;
P <»
O g 3 I S
•S ® 5 S-S
fjca aM 1 :
-eg C? tifc :3
6 II 2 -?
^ O 'N»^. ,
<P
HI ^
© ^ J S
•rS *®p£!-d
^§i?«
^ d
i
§i.s §
Lg^| 9 -
<53 S i
M S II sg
® a ®
n=! -SI S>'i‘
© ®<w spy ^ "iS
•a* o g 0 ^ 0
■|?ei|a '?2
H §
Vi* V'Mj* ^Vr jj
TABLE 102
THE OTTOMAN SULTANS FROM 1461 GENEALOGIES
TURKEY
Mohammad II 14*51-81
CO
o
m' m.-
m ■ 'i
M . 3 .
cH 0 ft
gr
«> o ;3
'"i^l
<! II
104
Alexander “Draga Mashin
murd. 1903 murd. 1908
o
§
' m m
m
i
d5
o
pa pc]
a I
i4
<
S
P
O
pj
7^
O
HH
rt"
§
§
I
«
O
w ,
•fe
o
w
50
P
o
w
l>» ■
o
m
m.
.rH
m
.c5
o
CQ
<!
55
P3
m
<«
M
<
a
&
<
c5
g
Is i
,.S CSJ
<» ^
^ c»
ce
*0
^ CO .
^ •»
ss
Cm ^
O «S
s
(gCQ
~ Q O
55 .
fe
O
«
a<
rg
0 ^
P£5 .S
1 -3
O Cm
O O
O
w
B
o
w
■ 3 ■ , "
<8 ■■
ns
OS
.s
■ "S
I
O
II
1 ^
w 9
g.'g
<J<H
.■ © :
/N?X '■
Ferdinand I of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha {see Table 51)
elected P. of Bulgaria 1887
King 1909
« Marie Louise of Bourbon (Parma)
Mohammad ^Abd-ul-Muu'im ^Ahd-iihKadir
heir apparent
GENEALOGIES
MOGHUL EMPERORS OF INDIA GENEALOGIES
THl BAST
Bahadob Shah
last Moghul
1837-68 dep. + 1802
(A) MANCHU-TARTAR EMPERORS OF CHINA
TABLE 112
SHOGUNS OF THE TOKUGAWA DYNASTY FROM 1603 GENE AIXXHES
JAPAN
Yoslimobn or Gi6buki6 Hitotsutbashi Jnshiu
adopted by the F. of Hitotmbashi
othe9*wiae catkd Kbiki
last Bhbgun 1866 abd. 1868
TABLE 113
THE POPES FEOM 1447
1447 Mar.— 1455 Mar.
1455 Ap.— 1458 Aug,
1458 Attg. — 1464 Aug.
1464 Attg.— 1471 July
1471 Aug.— 1484 Aug.
1484 Attg.— 1492 July
1492 Attg. — 1508 Aug.
1503 Sept,— Oct.
1503 No?.— 1513 Fel),
1513 Mar.— 1521 Dec.
1522 Jan.— 1523 Sept
1523 Nov.— 1534 Sept
1534 Oct —1549 Nov.
1550 Feb.— 1555 Mar.
1555 Ap.
1555 ' May — 1559 Aug.
1559 Dec.— 1565 Dec.
1566 Jan.— 1572 May
1572 May— 1585 Ap.
1585 Ap.— 1590 Attg.
1590 Sept.
1590 Dec.— 1591 Oct.
1591 Oct— Dec.
1592 Jaa.— 1605 Mar.
1605 Ap.
1605 May— 1621 Jan.
1621 Feb.— 1623 July
1623 Attg.— 1644 July
1644 Sept— 1655 Jan.
1655 Ap.— 1667 May
1667 June— 1669 Dec.
1^0 Ap.— 1676 July
1676 Sept— 1689 Aug.
1689 Oet.— 1691 Feb.
1691 July— 1700 Sept
1700 Nov.— 1721 Mar.
1721 May— 1724 Mar.
1724 May-1730 Feb.
1730 July- 1 740 Feb.
1740 Attg.— 1758 May
1758 JttIy-1769 Feb.
1769 May— 1774 Sept.
1775 Feb.— 1790 Aug.
I'WO Mar.— 1823 Aug.
ITO Sept— 1829 Feb,
1820’ Mar, -18!XiNw:
183! Fek— 1846 June
1846 June— 1W8 Fek
1878 Feb.— 1903 July
Nicholas V (Tbomas of Sarmna).
Oalixtiis ni (Alfonso Borgia).
Pitis 11 (Aeneas Syivins Piccolomini).
Paul n (Pietro Barbo).
Sixtus IIT (Francesco della Rovere),
lauoceut Vm (Giambattista Cibo).
Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia).
Pius ni (Francesco TodescbinI (Piccolominiy).
Julius n (Giulio della Rovere).
XiSO X (Giovanni de’ Medici).
Adrian VI (Adrian Boyers (of Utreclit)).
Clement VII (Giulio de’ Medici). :
■ Paul III (Al^sandro Famese). / .
Julius III (Giovanni Maria del Monte). .
Marcellus II (Marcello Cervini).
Paul IV (Giovanni Pietro Caraffa),
• Pius IV (Gian- Angelo de' Medici). ■■
Pius V (Michele Ghislieri).
■ Gregory XIII (Ugo Buoncompagno).
■ Sixtus V (Felix Peretti (Card. Montaito)).
XJrTban VII (Giambattista Castagna).
Gregory XIV (Nkcolo Sfondrato).
Innocent IX (Gian-Antonio Faccliinetto).
Clement VUI (Ippoiito Aldobrandlni).
I»eo XI (Alessandro Ottavio de’ Medici).
Paul V (Camillo Borgbese).
Gregory ■ XV (Alessandro Ludovisi). . ■
Grban .VIII (Maffeo Barberiiii). ■ :
Innocent X (Giambattista Famfiii),
Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi).
Clement IX (Giulio Rospigliosi).
Clement X (Giambattista Altieri).
Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi).
Alexander VIII (Pietro Ottobnoni).
Innocent xn (Antonio Pignatelli),
Clement XI (Gknfrancesco Albano).
Innocent XIII (Michelangelo Conti).
Benedict XHI (Pietro Francesco Orsini).
Clement XU (Inrenzo Corsini).
Benedict XIV (Prosper Lambertini),
Clement XIII (Carlo Reaaonieo).
Clement XIV (Giovanni V. Antonio Ganganeili),
Pius VI (Giovan-Angeio BrasciiiX
Pius VII (Gregorio Bernabo Cbiaramoiite).
Xi©0 XH (Annibale delia Genga).
Pius Vm (Francesco Xavier Castiglione).
Gregory XVI (Manro Capellari),
Pius IX (Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti),
Iieo X III (J«cMin Peeci)*
, Plus X (Giui^fpe Sarto).
TABLE 114
ELECTORS OF COLOGNE FROM 1463
Bate of
aldction
1.463 Rupert C. Palatine (48tli Abp,).
1480 Hermaim IV, son of Lewis I Lgr. of Hesse.
1508 Philip II C. von Daun-Obersteia. ■
1515 Hermann V C. von IVied, dep, by Paul III 1546, abd, 1547.
1546 Adolphus III C. von Schauenburg.
1556 Antony ۥ von Schauenburg.
1558 Gebhard I G. von Mansfeld,
1562 Frederick IV C. von Wied, 1567-
1567 Salentin C. von Isenburg/a5«?. 1577.-
1577 Oebhard II Truchsess von Waldburg, married dep. by Qmgmf, XIII,'
1583 Ernest, 0 / Albert V B. of Bavaria.*'
1612 Ferdinand, son of William 'V .!>. ; of Bavaria (Coadj utor from 1505). '
1650 Maximilian Henry, Albert. VI B.^'of Bavaria.; „ : '
1688 Joseph Clement, mn of Ferdinand: Maria Ei of Bavaria. ; ; ,
1723 Clement Augustus, sou of Maximi'lian II EL of Bavaria, ' •
1761 Maximilian Frederick G. von Eonigseck-Rotheiifels.
1784 Maximilian, sm of Emp. Francis I (Coadjutor from 1780).
1801 Antony Victor, son ij/* Emp. Leopold II. Bmoumed etmtim.
TABLE IIS
ELECTORS OF MAINZ EROM 1434.
eiectioa
1434 DietricB C. of Erbach (54tli Abp.).
1459 Bietber C. of Isenbiirg^ dep. 1461, a6d 1463.
1461 Adolplius II C. of Nassau*
1475 Bietber rmt
1482 B, Albert of Saxony {son of "EX, Ernest of Saxony; Coadjutor from 1479).
1484 Bertbold C. of Henneberg,- . . '
1504 Jacob Frbr. von Liebenstein.
1508 Uriel von Gemmiogen. ■ ■
1514 M. Albert of Brandenburg, Abp. of Magdeburg.
1546 Sebastian von Heusenstamm.
1555 Daniel Brendei von Homburg.
1582 Wolfgang von Baiberg.
1601 John Adam von Bicken.
1604 John Scbweikhard von Kronberg.
1626 George Frederick von Greiffenkiau zn VoUratbs.
1620 Anselm Casimir Wamboid von Umstadt.
1647 John Philip von Scbonborn, Bp. of Wurzburg and Worms.
1673 I^tbar Frederick von Metternich, Bp. of Speier and Worms (Coadjutor firom
1670).
1675 Damian Hartard von der Leyen, Bp. of Worms.
1679 Charles Henry C. von Metternich (Coadjutor from 1670).
1070 Anselm Francis von Ingelheim.
1605 Lotbar Francis von Scbonborn, Bp. of Bamberg (Coadjutor from 1694).
1720 Francis Lewis C. Palatine of Neuburg, Bp. of Breslau and Worms, translated
from Trier (Coadjutor from 1710).
1732 ' Philip Charles Frbr. von Eltz.
1743 John Frederick Charles C. von Ostein, Bp. of Worms 1756.
1763 Emmerich Jweph Frhr. von Breitbach-Buresbeim, Bp. of Worms 1768.
1774 FriMlerick Cbarles Joseph Frhr. von Ertbal, Bp. of Worms.
1802-3 Cliarles Theodore Frhr. von Baiberg (Coadjutor from 1787), Chancellor
of the Empire 1803-6; Abp. of Ratisbon 1805-17; Primas of the
RMnbund 1806-13 ; G. B. of Frankfort 1810-13 ; 1 1817.
TABLE 116
ELECTORS OF TRIER FROM 1439
Bate of
eiectioa
1439 James I von Sirk. .
1456 Joliri II of Baden.-
l^OS . James 11 M. of Baden, .. ,
1511 Richard von Greifenklan m ¥oliratlis,
1531 Jotin III von Meteenkanseia,
1540 John I¥ von Hagen. ■ ■
1547 Joliii V G, von Isenbnrg,
1556 John ¥I von der Ley ea.- .
1567 James III von Bits. ...
1581 John VII von Schonenberg.
1600 Lothar von Metternich.
1623 Philip Christopher von Sotem.
1652 Claries Casp-r von der JLejen (Coadjutor from 1650).
1676 John Hugo Frhr. von Orsheck (Coadjutor from 1672).
1711 Charles Joseph D. of Lorraine,
1716 Francis Lewis C. Palatine of Neahnrg^ tmmMed i&
Mainz 1729 ,
1729 Francis George C. von Schonlwra.
1756 John Philip Frhr. von WaMerdorf,
1768 Clement Wenceslaus, »on qf Frederick Augustus fl of
Saxonj (Angastus III of Poiand)j, aM. 1802,
TABLE 117
AECHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY FROM 1454
1454-^0 Thomas Boiirchier (Bp. of Ely) (65th Abp.}.
1486-1500' John Morton (Bp, of Ely) (Card. 1493).
1500-3 Henry Bean (Bp. of Salisbury).
■ 1503-32 William Warham (Bp. of London).
1533-56 Thomas Cranmer (Archdeacon, of Taunton).
1556-8 Reginald Pole (Card. 1580).
1559-75 Matthew Parker (Bean of Lincoln).
1576-83 Edmund Grindal (Abp. of York).
1583-1604 John Whitgift (Bp. of Worcester).
1604-10 Richard Bancroft (Bp. of London),
1611-33 George Abbot (Bp. of London).
1033-45 William Laud (Bp. of London) (e^, 1645).
1645-':60
1660-3 William Jaxon (Bp. of London).
1663-77 Gilbert Sheldon (Bp. of London),
1678-91 William Sancroft (Archdeacon of Canterbury).
1691-4 John Tillotson (Dean of Canterbury),
1694-1715 Thomas Tenison. (Bp. of Iin<M)ln). . ■ ,
1716--37 William Wake (Bp, of Lincoln).
1737-47 John Potter (Bp. of Oxford).
1747-57 .. Thomas- Herring (Abp. of York),
1757- 8 Matthew Hutton (Abp. of York).
1758- 68 Thomas Seeker (Bp. of Oxford).
176S-83 Frederick Cornwallis (Bp. of Lichfield and Coreniry and Bean of
St PauFs).
1783-1805 John Moore (Bp. of Bangor).
l®)5-28 Charles Manners-Sutton (Bp. of Norwich and Bean of Windsor).
1828-48 William Howley (Bp. of London).
1848-62 John Bird Sumner (Bp. of Chester).
1W2-8 Charles Thomas Longiey (Abp, of York).
1868-82 Archibald Campbell Tait (Bp. of London).
1^2-96 Mward Whit© Benson (Bp. of Truro).
1 W-ITO Frederick Temple (Bp. of London),
lOT Randal! Thomas Davidson (Bp. of Winchester).
TABLE 118
ARCHBISHOPS OF YORK FROM 1480
1480-1500 Tliomas Rotberliani (53ird Abp.).
1,501 Thomas SaYage,
1508 Chri-stopher Bainbridge*
1514 Tliomas Wolsey.
1531 .Eflward .Lee.
1545 Robert Holgate^ deprived 1554.
1555 Nicholas Heathy deprived 1550.
1 501 Tliomas Y ouiig.
1570 Edmund Grindal.
1576 Edwin Sandys.
1589 John Piers.
1595 Matthew Hutton.
1606 Tobias Matthew.
1628 George Monteigne.
1628 Samuel Harsnett.
1632 Richard Neile.
1641 John Williams^ + 1650,
1650-60 See meant
1660 Accepted Frewen.
1664 Richard Sterne,
1683 John Dolben.
1688 Thomas Lampingh.
1691 John Sharp,
1714' Sir WRHam'Rawes: Bart;
' ,1724 ' Lancelot. :-Biackhurne.
■ 1743 Thomas ■
, ,1747, , Matthew Hutton.
1757 ■ John. Gilbe^^^^
,01764 Robert.' Hay.^;Brummood.;',;:',:/^
1777 ' . WilMam- Markham. ;''' . ^
1807 Edward Harcoort.
1847' ' Th.oina8 Musgrave. ', ■
1860 Charles Thomas Ixingley.
1^2 William Thomson.
1891 William Connor Magee,
1801 William Balrymple Maclagan^ m. 1908.
Cosmo Gordon JUng,
TABIiE 119
BISHOPS AND ARCHBISHOPS OF PARIS FROM 1473
BISHOPS
Date of ■ ■ ‘
waccessioB
1473 Louis de Beanmoat de ia Foret
1492 Jean-Simon de Champignjr.
1503 JiltienM de PoBclier.
1519 .Francois de Ponclier,
1532 Jean dll Card*
. 1551 Ettstacb© dn Beliay* ■ ,
1564 Guillaume Viole.
1568 Pierre de Gondi, Card., resigned 1598, 1 1616.
1598 Henri de Gondi, Card, de Retz.
ARCHBISHOPS
1622 „ ■ Jean-Fran^ois d©' Gondi, Card.
1654 J©an-Fran 9 ois«Paul de Gondi, Card* de Eetz, resigned 1662, 1 1679.
1662 Pierre de Marca.
1^4 ■, Harduin de F#5fixe de Beaumont. . , ,
1671 Francois de Harlai de Cbampvalian.
1695 Lom&- Antoine de Noailles, Card*
1729 Cimrl©s43raspar-Guiilaume de Vintimilie du Liic.
1746 Jaeque^-Bonne-Gigault de Bellefonds.
1746 Christoplie-Beaumont de Repaire.
1781 Antoine-L.-L. Leclercde Juignd. ■ :
1W2 Jmn-Baptiste dm Belloy, Card.
1817 Aiexandre-Ang^lique de Talleyrand P^rigord, Card.
1821 Hyacintiie-Louis C* deQuelen, . ■ ■ ■
1840 Denis d'Affre, murd. 1848. .
1848 Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour*
1857 Frmcoi»-N.-M, Morlot, Card,'-'
1863 Georges Darboy.
1871 Josepb-HIppolyte Guiberfc, Card.
1^ Fmn^ois-Marie-Benjamm Eicbard, Card,
IW Leo Augustus Amette, Card.
TABLE 120
GENERALS OF THE ORDER OF JESUS
1. St Igaatiiis Loyola .(Inigo Lopez de Recalde)^ 1 1^556^ caiioaiaecl. 1622,
founded the Order 15S4 (authorised by Paul III 1540)..
2.
1556
Father Jacobus Laynez.
3.
1565
Sf Francis Borgia.
4.
1572 :
Father Everard Mercurian.
5.
1581
Claude Aquaviva.
6.
1615
Mutio Vitellescbi,
7.
1645
jijt
Vincent Caraffa.
8.
1649
Francis Piccolomini.
9.
1651
JS
Alexander GottifredL
10.
1652
Goswin Nickel.
11.
1664
John Paul Oliva.
12.
1681
Charles de Noyella.
13.
1687
Tbyrsis Gonzales de Santalia.
14.
1706
33
Michael Angelo Tamburini.
15.
1730
33
Francis Retz.
16.
1750
33
Ignatius Visconti,
17.
1755
33
Louis C^nturione.
18,
1758
$3
Lorenzo Ricci (t 1775).
r Stanislaus Czerniewiczl
1775-1802
'4 Gabriel LienMawicse v., > Vicars-geiieral.
[Francis Xavier Karen. J , , ^ ^
19.
1802
Father Gabriel Gruber.
20.
1805
33 :
Tliaddeus Brzozowski.
:21. :
1820
33
Louis Fortis. ■
22.,.
1829
33
Jean Rootbaan,
,.23.
1853'
33
Pierr 8-Jean Beckx, retired 1884,
^24, .'
1887.
. ■
Antoine Anderledy.
.:25.
'■"1892..
" ' 33 ' ^
. Luis. 'Martin.
Order;' was ■^expelled 'from' France .■.■1594,. readmitted" .16C^j.'ex'peI!ed;'''.'i764:'y'
expelled from Venice 1606^ Bohemia '1618, Naples 1622, the Indies 1623,
Portugal 1759, Spain 1767, readmitted 1818, Eussia 1817. It was dissolved
by Clement XIV 1773, r^tored .by. 'Pius VII 1814.]; ; '
TABLE 121
ELECTED KINGS OF POLAND
L574 Henry of Valois (Henry HI K. of France).
1575 Stephen Batbory, 1 1586 s.p,
1587 Sigismund III (K. of Sweden), 1 1632.
1632 Ladislaus VII, $m ^Sigjsmnnd III, 1 1648.
1648 John C^imir V, mfi ^Sigismund III, ahd, 1668.
1669 Michael Kory hut Wisniowiecki, f 1673.
1674 John III Sobieski, 1 1696.
1697 Augustus II (El. Frederick Augustus I of Saxony), dep, 1704.
. 1704 Staniskus Les 2 eaynski,,dep. 1709.
, 1709 Augustus II, f 1733.
1733^ Sknislaus .LeszczynsM, rc#t ■
1734 Augustus HI (El. Frederick Augustus II) 8on Augustus H,
f 1763.
1764 Staniskus Augustus Foniatowski, abd, 1795.
[Fiwt Fiutitioa of Foknd 1772 1 Second Partition 1793 ; Third Partition 1795.]
TABLE 122
DOGES OF VENICE FROM 1414
Bate of
election
1414 Tommaso Mocenigo (64tli Doge).
142S Fraocesco Foscarini.
1457 Pasqaale Malipiero.
1402 Cristofero Moro.
1471 NieoIoTron.
1472 Nicolo Marcello,
1474 Pietro Mocenigo.
1476 Andrea Vendramin,
1478 Giovanni Mocenigo.
1485 Marco Barbarigo.
1486 Agostino Barbarigo.
1501 Leonardo Loredano.
1521 Antonio Grimani.
1523 Andrea Gritti.
1539 Pietro Lando.
1545 Francesco Donato.
1553 Antonio Trevisan.
1554 Francesco Venier.
1556 Lorenzo Friuli.
1559 Girolamo Priuli.
1567 Pietro Loredano.
1576 'Aivise '.Mocenigo 1. ,
1577 Sebastian© Venier.,
1578 Nicolo da Ponte.
:1585" .Fasqii'aie'"Cicogn.a. ■
"1595'.- Marin Grimani. ■'
1606 Leonardo Donato.
1612 Marcantonio Memmo.
1615 Giovanni Bembo.
Date of
election
1618 Nicolo Donato.
1618 Antonio Friuli.
1623 Francesco Contariiii,
1624 Giovanni Cornaro.
1630 Nicolo Contarini.
1631 Francesco Erizzo.
1640 Francesco Molin.
1655 Carlo Contarini.
1656 Francesco Cornaro,
1656 Bertucci Valier.
1658 Giovanni Pesaro.
1659 Domenico Contarini.
1675 Nicolo Sagredo.
1676 Aivise Contarini.
■ ■ 1684 ■ Marcantonio Giustinian... ' '
1688 Francesco Morosini.
1694 Silvestro Valier.
. 1700 V Aivise" Mocenigo' IL ' ; ' „ .
■ 1709 ■ Giovanni ■ Ck>mer. ^ ■ ■
1,722 Alvise:M€H;enigo''nL-:.\'
' 1732 '. Carlo Ruaami,
1735 \Alvis© Fisam,' " .
1741 ■ PietrO' Grlmanl.r'
1752 Francesco Loredano.
1762 Marco Foscarini,
",1763 ' Aivise Mocenigo IV.
. 1779- Paolo Renier.
. 1789 Ludovico Manin (dep. 1797).
(Fmke anmmd. % Jw^rls.)' ' ''
TABLE 123
PBESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
{Elected /or a term of four years)
. Electecl for secoad
.Elected term of office
George WasliiagtoE ■ '
1789
1793
Jolia Adams
1797
Thomaa Jeffersoa
1801
1805
James Madisoa
1809
1818
Jam^ Moaroe
1817
1821
John Quincy Adams
1825
Andrew Jackson ■ '
1829
1883
Martin Van Buren
1887
William Henry Harrison ■ ' ■ ■
1841 (t April 1841)
John Tyler
1841
James Knox Folk
1845
Zachary Taylor
1849 (t 1850)
^ Millard Fillmore
1850
Franklin Pierce
1858
James Bnchaiian
1857
Abraham Lincoln
1861
:':iBBBimnrd.mm}
Andrew Johnson
1865
Ulysses Simpson Grant
1869
1878
Entherford Birchard Hay^
1877
Jai»« Abram Garfield
1881 (murd, 1881)
Chester Alan Arthnr
1881
Stephen Grover Cleveland
1885
Benjamin Harrison '
1889
Stephen Grover Cleveland
1898
William McKinley
1897
: ■■ 1901 (murd. 1901 )
Theodore Eoosevelt
1901
1905
William Howard Taft
1909
TABLE 124
PRESIDENTS OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC
(Bieded for a term of seven years)
Date of election
August 1871
May 1873
January 1879
December 1887
June 1894
January 1895
February 1899
Januaiy 1906
Marie-Josepli-Louis-Adolplie Thiers.
Marie-Bdme-Patrice-Maurice de Macmabon^
D. of Magenta, Marshal of France.
Fran^ois-Paul-Jules Grevy, re-elecfed 1886,: renyneS*
Marie-Fran^ois-Sadi'Carnot, •
Jean-Faul-Fi6rre-',€asimir-Pmer,;;mi^«^^^ ; :
.Fran9oii3-F<^x^Faure,;€fte4*'^
Simile Loubet.
Armand Mlieres. ■
TABLE 125
PRESIDENTS OF MEXICO
{The dates are those of election)
[18*21 lEdependeuce declared ; Augustin Itiirbidi Generalissimo ;
1822 declared himself Emperor and deposed ; 1823 dictatorship
of Gnerrero^ BraFO^ and Negrettl. ]
Gen. G, Victoria^ 1824.
Gen. Guerrero^ 1827, Dictator 1829-30.
Gen. Anastasio Bustameiite, 1830-2.
Gan. Fedraza, 1832.
Gan. Antonio Lop® de Santa Anna, 1835,
Jose J. Caro, 1830.
Gen. ■ A. Bustamente, 1837-40,
Gen. Farias, 1S40.
Gen. de Santa Anna, President 1840 ; Dictator 1841-4.
Gen. Jose Joaquin Herrera, ad inL 1844 ; President 1845.
Gen. Paredes, 1845-6.
Gen. Sales, ad int, 1846-7.
Cjten, de Santa Anna, 1847-8. . .
Gen. Herrera, 184S-51.
Gen, Mariano Arista, 1851. ■
M. J. Cehalios, 1852.
Gen,.' de Santa Anna, Dictator 1853-5.
Gen. Ignacio Comonfort, ad int, 18,55-8.
Gen. Felix Zuloago, ad int, 1858.
Gen. Miguel Miramon, 1859.
Gen. Benito J ulir®, 1861 (with dictatorial powers).
Maximilian Archd. of Austria, Mmp, 1864, ex, 1867.
Gen. Benito Juarez, 1867.
Sebastian Lerdo de Tejarda, 1872.
Poririo Diaz, 1877-M.
Manuel Gonzales, ISSCMU
Porfirio Diaz, 1885,
TABLE 126
BRAZIL
1822 King. Emp, 1825, aM. 1831.
1831 Brazilian Declaration of Independence.
„ Pedro II, 1889.
1889 Republic proclaimed.
PRESIDENTS {elected in Mmchy mmme office in December).
1889 Gen. Manoel Deodoro da Fonseca, m. 1891.
[1891 Gomtiiutim adopted.]
1891 Floriano Feixoto ( Vice-president).
1894 Dr Prudente de Moraes Barros.
1898 Dr Campos Salto.
1902 ''./RodrigueZ: Aires.
1906 Dr Affonso Penna (t June, 1909).
3909 (June) Dr Milo Fe^^anha ( Vice-preitde 7 ii).
1910' , Marshal Hermes da Fonseca. ■
TABLE 127
LORDS LIEUTENANT, LORDS DEPUTY AND
LORDS JUSTICES OF IRELAND FROM 1485
. (Aii '£m*ds Lkmkrmnt uwd "Deptdy are gimrijhut mt 'dates, qf remmal qf qffiee whm
' , mmectMim, Temporary deputies of Lords Deputy are ,mt given; 'SoTm Jtmiicei
holding ojfiee for mrg brief periods are omitted. )
, ■' Lords Ideutem'nt ,
Lords Deputy
Ijyris Jmtms
1485 Jasper (Tudor) .
■ Gerald (Fi-^eraM)- ■
B. of.Bedlbrd ■■ V
8tli E. of Kildare
1482 '
Walter FitzSimons
Abp. of Bublin
■1498'
Rob. (Preston)
Lord Gormaiistown
William Preston
1494, ' ; P. Henry B, of York , .
Sir Edward Poyuings
Hy. Deane
Bp. of Bangor
K. of Kildare
1498 '"^".vP. Henry \
"i503'„
' Abii.-FitzSiinons'.,' :
1518-20,
Gerald 9tb E. of Kil-
dare
, 1515
: (Preston),,' ,^■'■■■ - ,
" Lord Gormangtown
1520 ITiomas (Howard) E. of
■'■.■Bnrrey';,,
1522
,:';Piei«^(BnHer)E.:of';
.Ormond;(Ossory) ; ^
•IIM'':
:.'E>'of,:Kildare'';^
1527
Rich. (Nugent)
Lord Beivin
1528
Piers (Butler)
, , E. of Ossory
1529 Henry Fitzroy E. of
Kiclimond
1580
Bir '-Wllliain'^ Skeffiag-,'
ton
E. of Kildare
Lord Leonard Grey
William (Brereton)
Ldrd Le%lilB
TABLE 127 (emitinw(f)b
Lords Lieutenant
. Lories Beputy .
LwdH Indicm
154f)-7
. Sir Antbony St Leger
1.547
Sir \riii. Brabazon
1643
Sir Edw. Beilin gham
1540
Sir Francis Bryant um4
Sir , Brabazoii
1550
Sir A. St Leger
1551
Sir James Croft
1553
Sir Thomas Cusacke
and Sir Gerald Aylmer
165.3-6
Sir A. St Leger
1656-60
Thos. (RatclifTe)
J^rd Fitzwaiter
(E. of Sussex)
Sir li'eriry Sidney ■
mting Deputy during
Sussex* ubsenee ^
16.57-0
1569-71
Sir llhn. FitzwilliaiE'
5 tmes l)etwem 1559
and 1571
1560-2 E. of Sussex
1501
' Sir Wm. ' Fitzwiliiam
1504
Sir Nicholas Arnold
1565-7
Sir Henry Sidney
1568-71 .
9) >>
1572-5
Sir Wm. Fitzwilliain
1575-8'
Sir Henry Sidney
1578
Sir Wm, Bniry
1570
Sir Wm. Pelham
1580
Arthur Lord Grey de
Adam Loftus
Wilton
Abp. of Dublin
Sir liy. Wallop
1584
Sir John Perrott
1588
Sir Wm. Fitsswilliaiii ■
1584
Sir Wm. Russell
1587
Thomas Lord Burgh
Sir Thomas Norris
(died)
/Abp. Loftiis
1597
<Sir Rob. Gardiner mui
|E. ofOiinond
1599 Robert (Bevereux)
Abp, Loftus and
E. of Essex
Sir Geo. Carey
1600
Charles (Blount) .
Lord Mouiitjoy
1608 Lord Mouiitjoy
Sir Geo. Carey
(E, of Devoiialiire)
1604-16
Sir -Arthur Cliithcster
1613
R. Wingfield
(Visct. Powerscourt)
and ThoB. Jones
Abp. of Dublin
C. M. B*.,
9
TABLE 127 (mnimued).
1615
1616
1622*.9
162S
1629
iia3~9
1636
1639
16^
1641
1643
1644
1647
164B
1649
1650
mi
1653
, 1655
1657-40
1669
1660
L^rdh' Lkutmant
,E. of Straffon!
Robert (Sidney) ■
E. of .Leicester .■■ ■
abmitee . ■
James (Butler) ■.
■ M. (D.) of Ormoad
Pbilip, (Sidney)
.Lord Lisle ■
far Farllammt
M.. of Ormond ■ ■■
■ for the -King ■
Oliver Crornweli
Henry Cromwell
Xowf^ Depntg
Sir Oliver St John
Henry (Carey) ¥isct,
Falkland
Thomas ¥isct. IFeiit-
worth (£. of ■
Stratford)
Chr. 'Wandesford
Lorrii Justices
Abp. Jones and
Sir John Denliam
Adam. (Loftirs) Visct.
Ely and
¥isct. Powerscourt
¥isct. Ely and
.Rich. (Boyle ) E. of Cork
Visct Ely md
Chr. Wandesford
Robert Lord Dillon and
Chr. Wandesford ■
Lord Dillon and '
Sir W m. Parsons
Sir J. Boriace and
Sir Hy. Tichborn©
M. of Clanricardc
for Ormond
Henry Ireton
for Cromwell
.Major-Cren.- .Lambert ■ ; .'
Commmioners
for Pariiammt
: ' I Major-Cen. Fleetwood''' ' '
' ■I Lient-Ce.n. '■Edm.iind:'-
' ' V , Ludlow' md'Otheri ;
Henry;'. 'Cromwell' ':md"'
:: 'y'' oilmrs
CommUmomri
for the Armg
'Edmund Ludlow-
Major Bury
and others
■'E. Boyle
(E. of Orrery)
Sir C. Ooote
Major Bury others
Lords Lkutenmit
.Lmrds Beputy
1660
George (Monck) D, of
John Lord Eobarts
Albemarle absentee
absmtee
1662
James (Butler)
1664
IstD. of'Oriii,ond
Thomas E. of Ossory
1665
D. .of Ormond
1668
E. of Ossory
1669
J ol.ii. Lord Eobarts
1^0
(E. of .Ead.nor)
Jcibn Lord Berkeley
1671
of Stratton
1672-6
Arthur (Capei)
and 1676
E. of Essex
1676
1677-85
D. of Ormond
1682
Rich. (Butler)
E. of Arran
1684
1685
Henry (Hyde)
E, of Clarendon
1686-9
Rich. (Talbot)
E. ofTyrconiiel
1687
1689
[K, Jam.es II in person).
1699
[K. William III
in persmi}'
1692 ¥isct. Sidney
1693-6
1695
1696
1697
Lord Capei
1699
1701 Lawrence (Hyde)
E, of Hocliester
1702
1702 (Acem, of Q, Amm) more £ordi Deputy
appointed)
TABLE 127 (cmtmmd)^
Lords Imimi
E. of Orrery and oikers
MIcliael Boyle Afep. of
Duhlm.aml.
Art'll iir .(Forbes) Vis<jt.,
(E. of) Gran,a.r<i
A bp.. Boyle amt
E. of Graaard
Abp. Boyle and
E. of Granard
Sir Alex. Fitton and
Wm, (Burke) E, of
Ciauricarde
Henry (Sidney) Visct.
S.id.ney
Sir Clias, Porter and
Tbos. Coningsby
Henry (Capei) Lord
Capei mid others
Sir C. Porter and others
Henry (d© Massu© de
RuvigTiyj, M. de Eu-
vigny), E. of Galway
ami others
/Narcissus Marsb. Abp.
•< of Dublin
(E. ofGalwayando/iW*^
Abp. Marsb and others
Hugh (Monigoinery)
E. of Mountalex-
ander and others
9—2
TABLE 12?
ZordB Ideutmmnt
1703-7 James (Butler) 2iid B. of Ormond
1707 Tliomas (Herbert) E. of Pembroke
1700 Thomas (Wharton) E. of ^^Tiarton
1710-13 ■ B. of Ormond
1711, 1712, 1714
1713 Charles (Talbot) D. of Shrewsbury
1714
(Accession of George I)
1714 Charles (Spencer) E. of Sunderland
dmmtee
.-1715 ' ' ■ . .
1710 Charles (Townshend) VisctTownshend
oMsentm ■
1717-9
1719 Charles (Faulet) D. of Bolton
1721 B. of Grafton
1722
1723-4
1724-31 John (Granville) Lord Carteret:
(E. Granville)
172S-9
1731 Lionel (Sackville) B. of Dorset
1732-0
1737 Wm» (Cavendish) 3rd B. of Devonshire
1740
1742-6
1746 Philip (Stanhope) E. of Chesterheld
1747-64
Wiliam (Stanhope) E. of Harrington
B. of Dor»t
Wiliam (Cavendish) M. of Hartington
(B. of Devonshire)*
John (Eussel) B, of Bedford
Georg© (Bunk) E. of Hal&c ^
Hugh (Smithson) E. ^ Korthumheis
Lofds Jmtices
Sir Richard Cox and others
Abp. Marsh of Armagh and Sir R. Cox
E. Freeman and R. Iiigoldshy
Sir Constantine Phipps mid others
Ahp, Lindsay of Armagh, John Vesey
Abp. of Tuam, and Sir C. Phipps
Wm. King Abp. of Dublin, Abp.
Vesey, and E. of Kildare
Charles (Fitzroy) B. of Grafton a’iid
E. of Galway
Abp. King, E. of Middleton, Speaker
Conolly and Lord Brodrick (thrice)
Abp. King, Visct. Shannon, and
Speaker Conolly
E. of Middleton, Speaker Conolly,
and Visct. Shannon
Hugh Boulter Abp. of Armagh, Lord
Chancellor West, and Speaker
Conolly
Ahp. Boulter, Thos. Lord Wyndham
and> others, usuady Speaker Boyle
and Robert Jocelyn (Lord New-
port)
Abp. Boulter and others
John Hoadly Abp. of Armagh arid
others
George Stone Abp. of Armagh and
others; usually Lord Chancellor
Newport and Speaker Boyle or
Lord Besshorough
TABLE 127 (ffMthujfvij.
Lwdi IJeuiemni
1TI>4 ..Tfiomas (ThyEne) Visct. Weymontli
, absemtee
1765 Francis (Seymoar) E. of Hertford
1766, Wui. Geo. (Hervej) E. of Bristol
■ afMeutee
1767 .George (Townsliend) Lord TownsLend
1772 Simon (Harcoiirt) Earl Harcoort
1777 Joliii (Hobart) E. of Buekm.gliainsMre
1780 Fred.k. (Howard) E. of Carlisle
1782 Wm, (Bentinek) D. of Portland
3 ;, George (Grenville) Earl Temple
(M. of Biickmgliam)
1783 Robert ( Henley) E. of Nortbington
1784 Cbarles (M,anners) D. of Rutland
1787 M. of Buckingliam
,, 1789
1790 John (Fane) E. of Westmorland
1795 William (Fitz william) Earl Fitzwiiliam
33 John (Jeflreys) Earl Camden
1798 Charles (Cornwallis) M. Cornwallis
Lords Jmtiees
Lord Cliancellor Bowes and Speaker
Foasonby
Richard Robinson Ahp. of Armagh^
Lord Chancellor Lifford and others
Lord Chancellor Fit 2 gi,bbon md
Speaker John Foster (LordOrlei)
Fitzgibbon m%d Foster
[After the Union of Great Britain and Ireland Lords Jmtices are of less
importames the Lord Lieutemnt being remdeni,}
1801 .Philip (Yorke) Ev of Hardwicke*
1805 Edward (Clive) E. of Fowis absentee*
1806 John (Russell) B. of Bedford.
1807 Charles (Lennox) D. - of Richmond.
1813 Charles Visct (E.) ll-Tiitwortli.
1817 Charles (Talbot) E. Talbot. \
1821 [Aug.' — ^Sept GBOBo.n .IV m. pewo«.]
33 Richard (Wellesley) Marquis Wellesley.
1828 Henry (Paget) (E. of Uxbridge) M. of Anglesey*
1829 Hugh (Percy) D* of Northumberland.
1830 M. of Anglesey.
1833 M. Wellesley.
1834 Thomas (BaiIHe) E. of Haddington.
1835 Henry (Phipps) E. of Muigrave (M. of Nomanby),
1839 Hugh (Fortescue) Visct Ebrington (Earl Fortescue).
1841 Thomas Philip (de Grey) E. de Grey.
1844 William (Holm»-A*Ck»urt) Lord Heytesbury.
1840 John (Fonsonby) ,E. of B^sborough.
1847 George (Villiers) E of Clar^don.
' 1852 Archilmid (Montgonierie) E. of Eglinton*
TABLE nf {emtlnued)t
Lords Limtenani
1853 Edward Granville (Eliot) E. of St Germans.
1855 George (Howard) E. of Carlisle.
1858 E. of Eglinton. ■
1859 E. of Carlisle. ■
1864 Jobn Lord Wodehonse (E. of Kimberley).
1866 James (Hamilton) M. of (B. of) Abercorn.
1868 Jolm (Spencer) Earl Spencer.
1874 James (Hamilton) D. of Abercorn. ■
1876 John (CbnrcMll) B. of Marlborongb.
1880 Francis (Gowper) Earl Cowper.
1882 Earl Spencer.
1885 H. Howard Molyneux (Herbert) E. of Carnar^mn.
1886 John (Campbell Hamilton-Gordon) E. of Aberdeen.
Charles (Vane-Tempest-Stewart) E. of Londonderry.
1889 Laurence (Bundas) E. of (M. of) Zetland.
1895 George (Cadogan) Earl Cadogan.
1902 William (Ward) E. of Dudley.
. 1905 ■ E. of Aberdeen. ; "
TABLE 128
INDIA
[Cniii 10(12 ifm daim' giwfi are thme qf mmmfdwn of gomrmumt mid qf retirement ;
after 1862^ qf appointment.' Beputim pro tern, are omitied.']
GOVEENOf^ OF BENGAL ,
1765 Robert Lord Clii’-e.
1767 Henry Nerelst.
1769 ,, Jobn Cartier,
.GOVERNORS-GENERAL OF BENGAL AND OF INDIA 177S-1858,
'€roTermre^0B7ieraI of Bengai with mpreme aathmip ■
1776-85 AFarren Hastings.
1785-6 (Sir) Jolin Macplierson.
I78IL'96 'Charles E, (M.) Cornwalljs.
1798-8 Sir John Shore (Lord Teignmoutb),
1798-1805 Richard E. of Mornington (M, of Wellesley).
1805 Charles M. Cornwallis.
1805-7 Sir George Hilaro Barlow.
1807-lS George Lord (E. of) Minto.
1813-28 Francis E. of Moira (M, of Hastings).
1823-8 William Lord (E. of) Amherst,
1828-35 Lord Wm. Cavendish-Bentinck.
fl833 the Govemors^General of Bmgal become Gowrmre-General of India,]
1835-6 Sir Charles Theophilns (Lord) Metcalfe.
1836-42 George (Eden) Lord (E. of) Auckland.
1842-4 ' Edward (Law) Lord (E. of) Ellenhorongb.
1844-8: Sir Henry (¥igct.) Hardmge. ■ ■
/ 1848-56 :JamesX'Eitmsay) of Dalhonsle. ^ ' '
185(>-62 Charles Viset. Canning. ■ '
[1858 the Gorermre-^Gemrai fmeome Mmrogs. mni- fMimmr^-GeneraLj.
VICEROYS
1858 Visct. Canning m alme,
1862 James (Brace) E. of Elgin and Kincardine.
1863 Sir John Lawrence (Lord Lawrence).
3868 Richard (Bonrke) E. of Mayo.
1872 'Tiiomas Geo. (Baring) Lord (E, of) Northbrook.
1876 Edward (Bnlwer-Lytton) Lord (E. of) Lytton.
1880 George (Robinson) M. of Kipon.
1884 Frederick (Temple Hamilton-BiackwocNi) E. of Dnfferin
(M. of Dufferin and Ava).
1888 Henry (Petty-Fitssmanrice) M. of Lausdowne.
18^ V. Alexander (Bmce) E, of Elgin and Kincardine.
1898 George (OnrEon) Lord Onrzon of Kedleston.
1905 Gilbert (Elliot) E. of Minto.
1910 Charles (Hardinge) Lord. Hardinge of Penshnrst*
TABLE 129
JAMAICA
[M tku and the suhnequeni coknial tkts the dates y before the IQih centurt^y are mmll^
those of msumpiim of offi.ee; the dales of appointments are often setBrai months
eariier. The Depalp-Gomrnors, Lieutenani^Govermrs and Presidents of the
Omndi holding office during the intervals between Governorships are mt included
m thk Bst.1
GOVERNORS AND ACTING GOVERNORS 1656-1904
1656 Colonel Edward D’Oyiey.
1661- 4 Thomas Hickman (Windsor) Lord Windsor
1662- 4 Sir Charles Littleton or Lyttelton Acting Governor.
1664 Sir Thomas Modyford.
1674-8 Sir John Vaughan, stgkd Lord Vaughan (Earl of Carbery).
1678-81 Charles (Howard) E. of Carlisle.
1682 Sir Thomas Lynch.-
1684 Sir Philip Howard.
1687-8 Christopher (Monck) D. of Albemarle Governor-GeneraL
1690-2 William (O’Brien) 2nd E. of Inchiqiiin.
1701 Major-Gen. William Selwyn.
1702 Charles (Mordaunt) E. of Peterborough almentee,
Major-Gen. Thomas Handasyde Acting Governor,
1711 Lord Archibald Hamilton.
■■■ 1714 : Peter Hey wood. ■■
1716 Thomas Pitt
1718 Sir Nicholas Lawes. ■ ■■
1722-6' He'firy (.Bentinck) B. of Portland.
1727 Major-Gen. Robert Hunter,
: 1785' Henry Cunninghame. ■ ■
1768-52 , Edward Trekw-ney, '
1752 Vice-Admiral (Sir) Charles Knowles.
175B Brigadier-Gen. George Haldane.
1762 Wm. Henry Lyttelton (lA>rd W^tcote).
1767 Capt Sir Wm. Trekwney, R.N.
. 1'7'78 Capt. SirBMO■Eeith, R.N.■■■
1777 Lt-Gen. John Balling,
1782 Major-Gen, Archibald Campbell.
1790 Thomas (Howard) E. of Effingham.
1794-1801 Alexander (Lindsay) 6th E. of Baiearres.
1801 Lt.-Gen. Sir George Nugent,
1806 Sir Eyre Coote.
18IB William (Monts^) D, of Manchester,
18W Li -Gen, Edward Morrison,
1829 Somerset (Lowry-Corry) 2nd E. of Belmore.
1882 Sir Constantine Henry (Phipps) E, of Mulgrave (M. of Normanby).
1884 Home Peter (Browne) M. of Sligo,
1836 MajorJjren, Sir Uonel Smith,
1839 Sir Charla Theoj^Bns Metcalfe, - ■ ' ■
TABLE 120 {cmiimmd}t>
1842, James (Brace) 8tk E. of Elgiii {12tli !.■ of Kiiicawiine),
.1847 Sir Ciiarles Edward Grey. ■'
1858. Sir Henry Barkly.
1857 (Sir) Charles Henry Barling.
1864 .Edward Jolm Eyre, Jdn. 1866.
1866 Lt.-Geii. Sir Henry Storks ten^mrary 6rm?., Ian. 1866.
[1866 Comtitutimi abragattdg lammm becomes a €rmm CoimffJj
1866 Sir John Peter Grant.
1874 Sir William Grey.
1877 Sir Anthony Mu.sgrave ; Acting Govermr Edward Newton. 1.878-B0.
1883 Gen. Sir Henry Wylie Norman.
1880 Sir Ilenry Arthur Blake.
18.08 Sir Augnstiis Hemming.
1004 Six Sjdmj RaM^dm OUviQv Caj-d.^Gen. and Gm.AthcMef.
TABLE 130
NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES BEFORE 17T6
(1) VIRGINIA
[1606-2I> gammed under the Virginia Compang. Company's Charier
surrendered J625*]
Gov'benobs an» Lt.-govebnoes undeh the Crown
1625 Sir Jolni Harvey sent prisoner to England 16S0, hut restored.
1641 Sir William Berkeley
€oL Digf esj^r- Par/iaw*ew^.
Mr Benriet and Mr Mattkews/or Oliver CromweU.
166(1 Sir W. Berkeley restored.
1677 John Lord Culpeper appointed Governor for life 1677 ; visited
colony 1680 and 1682; deprived 1683.
1683 Francis Lord Howard of Effingham.
1600-4 Sir Francis Nicholson LL^gov.
160:2-8 Sir Edmund Andros,
1608-1704 Sir Francis Nicholson Lt.-gov.
1704 George (Hamilton) 1st E. of Orkney absentee.
Edward Notte Lt.-gov.
Brigadier-Gen. R. Hunter Lt.’-gov.
1710 Alexander Spotswood Lt.-gov,
1723 Hugh Drysdale Id. -gov.
1726 (Sir) Wm. Gooch Lt.-gov.
1737 William Anne (Keppel) 2nd E. of Albemarle.
1751-8 Robert Dinwiddle Lt.-gov.
1756 John (Campbell) 4th E. of Loudoun.
■ 1750 Jeffrey (Lord) Amherst. ■
^ . 1768 Norbonie (Berkeley) Lord Bottetourt. ■
1770 John (Murray) 4th E. of Dunmore.
(2) GOVERNORS OF NEW ENGLAND
[Massachusetts Bay also 1641-80 New Hampshire.]
[1643 Omfederaiion formed by Mmsachusetts Bay, Plymouth, ConneMind,
' omd Nem EatmJ]
MUct$d hy the mlmkts mnuoMy under the authority of the Mmmchmetts
Bay Company.
1630-6 John WInthrop,
1636 Sir Harry Vane the younger.
1687”-40 John Winthrop.
Thomas Dudley Deputy.
1641 Richard Bellingham.
1642 John Winthrop.
1644 John Bndieott
1646 Thomas Dudley Deputy.
1646-0 John Winthrop (t 1640).
(John Winthrop m Asmt. or M.-gm. 1634-6^ 1640^ 1646-0.)
1661-3 John Endleoti
TABLE 130
mvEmom of new England (eontmued)
1653-65 John Endicott (f 1665). .
(John Winthrop the younger Gov. of Connecycut 1660-70.)
1665-71 Richard Bellingham (t 1671).'
1672 John Leveret,
1676 Simon Bradstreet.
\Oharter remked 1684,]
1685 Joseph Dudley Gm. of New England's temporarily pres, of prormonal
GoumiL
Govebnoks op Massachusetts Bay ani> New IIamfshibb 1685-1740
1686-9 Sir Edmund Andros Governor Massachusetts,
Plymouth, New Hampshire and Maine.
Joseph Dudley Lt-grjv..
1691 Sir William Phipps (f 1691) Got’. f#f Maine.
1695 William Stoughton Lt-gov.
1699 Richard (Coote) E. of Bellomont, aiso Gov. of Maine.
W, Stoughton Lt.^gov,
1702 Joseph Dudley.
1715 Coi. Elisha Burgess,
Wm. Taylor XL
1716 Col. Samuel Shute.
Jeremiah Dummer Lt~goo.
1728 Mllliam Burnett (f 1729).
1729 Andrew Belcher.
Governors OP Massachusetts Bay
1741 William Shirley.
1757 Thomas Pownail. ■■
l759.(Sir)Franc!sBarllal*d•■^■
1770 Thomas Hutchinson.
1774 Gen. Thomas Gage. ^
Governors of New Hampshire , '
1740 Benning Wentworth.
1776 John Wentworth.
(3) GOVERNORS OF NEW YORK
[1664-88 Meutmant-governorif mider James I), qf York {James II);
Governors from 1088.]
1664 Richard Nicoiis.
1668 Francis Lovelace.
1674 Edmund Andros, recaikd 1680.
Igg2 Brockhurst,
1683 Thomas Dongan.
16^ Sir Edmund Andros Gomrmr., md i^the Jerseys, dep. 1^9.
Francis Nicholson
TABLE 130 {omtmmd)fi
GOVERNORS OF NEW YORK (coMmued)
[1689 Jacob Leisler mmmed govemnientj
1691 Col. Henry Sioughter (t 1692).
1692 Benjamin Fletclier.
1696 Coi. W. Slougbter Lt.-gov,
Col. Joseph Dudley Lt,-gov*
1698 Richard (Coote) E. of Bellomont (t 1701).
1701 Edward (Hyde) Visct. Combury (E. of Clarendon).
1708 John Lord Lovelace (t 1709).
CoL IngoMsby
■ , ■ 1710 CoL Robert Hunter. ■ ■
1720 William Burnett.
1728 John Montgomery.
1732 William Cosby.
1736 Major-Gen. Richard TyreL
George Clarke
1741 George Cieriton.
' ■ 1753 Sir Danvers Osborne. ■
1755 Sir Charles Hardy, .
1761 Robert Monkton Lt-gov,
1765 Sir Henry Moore..---
1769 John (Murray) 4th E. of Dunmore.
1770 William Tryon Lt.-gm,
1779 James Robertson Lt.-gov,
Govebnors of New Jersey
l£a$t and West Mw Jersey united to form a royal colony , 1702.
1702-36 ruled by Goi^nors of New YorK^
1736 Lewis Morris (t 1746).
1747 Andrew Belcher.
1758 (Sir) Francis Bernard.
1759 Thomas Boon.
1761 Josiah Hardy.
1762 William FranMin.
(4) GOVERNORS OF CAROLINA
[1 663-1728 gomrmd under the Carolina Company, Companfs Charter mrrewkred
1728 (eacepd by Earl Grenville proprietor of one-^ghth share),’]
Goverkoes ufinER THE Crown
1728 Francis Nicholson.
1729 Robert Johnson.
Governors of South Caromka
1730 Robert Johnson.
1735 Thomas Broughton.
1736 Cbarte Craven.
I739\ James GImi.
TABLE ISO
0OVEBNOBS OF South ' CARooNii (emtimmd)
175f5, IFm. Henry "^^stcote). , ,
1750 ■ Thomas PownalL
1761 ' Thom^^ 'Boon.
'1766 Lord Charles Greviile Montagu.
1777 Cap! .'Lord W. Campheii, E.N. ,
. ■ Govebhors of North Cabouijja.
17t30 George Barrington.
173S Gahriel Jonson. ,
1743 Arthur Dobbs.
1765 Wiiliam Tryon.
■ 1770 ' Josias Martin. ' ■
(5) GOVERNOES OF . GEOB.GIA
1734 James Oglethorpe. ' ’ ' '■
1745 John Reynolds.
1758 ■ Henry Ellis.
1761 Sir James Wright. • ' '
■ (6) GOVERNORS OF MARYLAND
[Tiil 1691 under the f^oprietors, the Lords Baltimore, with the approved of the Crown
1637 Leonard Calvert XC -poo.
1647 Thomas Green LL-gov,
1649 William Stone Lt.-gtm,
1658 Jonah Fendale.
1660 Philip Calvert.
1662 Charles Calvert (3rd Lord Baltimore).
1678 Thomas Notley Xt-pov.
1681 Charles Calvert (3rd Lord Baltimore).
[1691 Maryland declared a royal fn^omnee,]
Govebnobs under the Crown 1692-1714
1692 Lionel Copley.
1604 BTaneis Nicolson or Nicholson.
1699 Nathaniel Blakiston.
1703 Thomas Finch President
1704 John Seymour Governor,
Edward Lloyd President,
1714 John Hart Gooemor.
Goveenobs under Lord BAmMOBB as Proprietary 1720-76
1720 Charles Calvert.
1727 Benedict l^eonard Calvert.
1733 Charles (Calvert) 5th Lord Ballimora,
1737 Samuel Ogle Govermr,
1742 Thomas Bladen Govermr,
1747 S. Ogle.
1751 Benjamin I’asker Prmidmt,
. , 1753 Horatio Sharp Gowmor,
■ ■> , ' 1769 (Sir) Robert Maa.
TABLE 130 {mntmmi\
(7) PROPRIITOES, OOVERNORS, ETC. OF PENNSYLVANIA
■ 1682 Willmm Term Proprieior.
1684 Thomas Lloyd President of CounciL
1688 John Blackwell Lt,-§ov.
1690-3 Government by President and CounciL
1693 Ben. Fletcher Governor.
„ ■ William Markham Zt -^ 01 ?.
1699 William Penn Proprietor and Governor.
1701 Andrew Hamilton Lt-gov.
1703 Govemmertt by President and CounciL
1704 . John Evans
1709 Charles Godkin Lt.-gov.
■ 1717 Sir 'W'm. Keith Li.^ov* ■
1726 Patrick Gordon JU.-gov.
1736 Theo. Thomas Lt.-gov.
1747 Anthony Palmer President.
1748 James Hamilton Lt.^gov.
1754 Robert Hunter Morris Lt.-gov.
1756 William Denny Li.~gov.
1759 James Hamilton Lt.^ov.
1763-70 John Pena lA.-gov.
1771 James Hamilton President.
i771“7 Richard Penn Lt.-gov.
TABLE 18 J
CANADA
GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL
170$-'6 Lt.-Gen. James Murray Gm^mor qf C^mda (Gwenwr qf Quebec 1760).
1767-70 Major-Gea. Gay CarletoB' (Lord Dorcbester), Gmermr of Qnehm {Acting
Qommor).
i770-'5 Fremlent Mmlm C, Qmmahe {Acting Gomrnmr).
1775*8 Sir Gay Carletoa (Lord Dorchester) ,
1778-85 Lt.-Geo. Sir Frederick Haidimaod Gomrmr^ C%mmmder--tn~ehkf,
1786-86 Gay (Carletoii) Lord Dorchester G&mrmr-gcmmi*
[1791*8 LL-Goth Major-Oen. Aliired Clarke Gowmor of
Upper Canada (Ontario) Lower Canada (Quebec).]
GOVBRNOMS-GENERAL OF UPPER AND LOWER CANADA
1796-9 Geii. Robert Prescott,
1799 Sir Robert Shore Milnes.
1807 Gen, Sir James Henry Craig*.
1811 Gen. Sir George Prevost.
1814 Major-Gen. Sir Gordon Drummond.
1816 Gen. Sir John C. Sherbrooke (G&mrmr Nova Scotia 1812-6). ^
1818 Charles (Lennox) D. of Richmond. "
1819 ■ George (Ramsay) E. of Dalhousie {Gmermr qf Nova Scotia from 1816).
Captain-generaJ and GommorAn-ahief.
1828 Lt.-Gen. Sir James Kempt Govermr-genered (Gomrmr qf Nova Scotia
1820-8),
[Lt.-Gen. Sir John Colbome LienimmnGGoverumr of Upper
, . Canada 1828-85.]
1,880 ■ Gen. .Lord Aylmer. .■
1886 , ArcMbald (Acheson) E. of Gosford.
GOVERNORS-GENEEAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PROVINCES
1838 John George (Lambton) E. of Durham High Oommummer and G&wrmr->
genercU, ■ ■
1839 Charles Edward Pouiett Thomson (Visct. Sydenham).
1841 Sir Charles Bagot.
1843 Sir Charles Theophilus (Lord) Metcalfe,
1846 Cliarles Murray (Cathcart) 2nd E. of Cathcart and Omumndmrd'n-chmf
1847 James B. of Elgin and Kinmrdine.
1854 Sir Edmund Walker Head.
1861 Charles Stanley (Monck) Visct. Mcmck.
TABLE m imntinmd%
GOVERNORS-GENERAL of raE.DOMiMON OF .CAHADA,
1807
1869
1872
1878
imz
1888
1893
1898
1904
1911
Peime Ministbes, .
Sir Jolm MacdonaM^ 1887-7R
AiexaBder Mackenzie, 1873-8.
Sir Joka MacdomH, 1878-91.
Sir Jolia Joseph Caldwell Abbott^. 1891-2.
Sir John Sparrow Dai^id Thompsoa, 1892-4.
Sir Mackenzie Bowell, 1894-6. . ; ■ ■
Sir Charles Tapper, 1896.
Sir Wilfrid Laarier, 1896. ■
Visct. Monck.
Sir Jolm Young (Lord Lisgar). jx -r. „f n.ffprin
Frederick (Temple Hamilton-Blackwood) E. of Dufferm
(M. of Dafferio and Ava).
John (Campbell) M. of Lome (D. of Argyll). ^
Henry Charles Keith (Petty-Fitemaunce) M. of Unsdovme.
Frederick Arthur Lord Stanley of Preston.
John Campbell (Hamilton-Gordon) E. of Aberdeen.
Gilbert (Elliot)!. ofMinto.
Albert Henry George (Grey) Earl Grey. : ,
An.+iiiiT* O... fit Coimaiiffh't*
TABLE 182
AUSTRALIA ANB NEW ZEALAND
( 1 ) GOVEEXORS-GENEEAL OF THE. COM.MOWEALTH (estaMMei :
1901 Joliii Adriaii Eoiiis (.Hope) E, of Hopetom (M. of Liiiilt'hgow).
1902 Hallani (Tennyscm; Lord TermysoB. ■ , ■
1004 Hen r}’ Stafford (Xortlieate) liOrd Xortlieot©.
, 1908 William ii. (Ward) E. of Biidley.
Fhime Mixistebs.
Sir Edmund Barton.^ 1901--3, ■
Alfred Beakio^ 1903-4,'
George .Housto nil HeidA-904-5. '
Alfred Oeakin^ 1905-B,
Andrew FisLer^ 1908.
(2) GOVERNORS OF NEW SOUTH WALES F,ROM 1855 •
[1788-92 Capt. Artliur Phillip Governor.}
185f5 Sir W'iliiani Th,omas Denison.
1861 Sir John Young ('Lord Lisgar).
1868 Somerset (Lowry-Corry) 4th Earl of Belniore.
1872 Sir He.rcules George Robert .RoMnson.
1,885 Charles Robert (IFynn-Carrin-gton) Lord (E.. of) CaiTiiigtoii., ■ ' r.':'' ;!
1891 'Sir .Robert Duff. ■. L,,,' ^
1895 Henry (Bn«id) Vise t. Hampden. ' ' ■
1899 William (Lygon) Earl Beauchamp.- j
1902 Admiral Sir Harry Riiwson. \ ■ ■
1909 Frederic John Napier (Thesigerl Lord Chelmsford, ' I
■ ■ ■ ' ' ■ ■■ ■■■■'■■ ■ ' ■ ' ■ ■ ■ ■■ ■ '■ ■ .. ■' ^''1
V ■ ■ ■ ' ■■ ■■
(3) GOVEBNOHS OF VICTOKIA FROM 1851 ’
\yktoria created a separate colony in July, 1851; responsible gover/imeni •
estaUuhed 1854,} ;
1851 Charles tfoseph La Tro be ;
1854 Capt. Sir Charles Hothain IBB&
1856 Sir Henry Barkly,
1864 Sir Charles Heiiry Darling. ’
1866 Sir John Henry ITiomas Maiiners-Stitton (ViscL Canterbury).
1873 Sir George Ferguson Bowen. i
1879 George Angastus Constantine (Phipps) 2nd M. of Normanby.
1884 Sir Henry Brougham JAch.
1889 John Adrian Louis (Hope) 7th E. of Hopetomou
1895 llionms Lord Brassey.
1991 Sir George Sydenham Clarke.
1W4 Sir Reginald Talbot, [
IWS Sir TlioimAs David Gibson CkrmkhimL [
0, ii, H.
10
TABLE 1S2 (eontmtied% ■ ■
(4) governors: OF. QUEINSLANI) FROM 18^
1859 Sir George Fergiison Bowen,
, 1868' CoL Samuel Wensley-BlackalL'
: ,1871 George A. C. (Pliipps) ^nd M. of Normanby.
■1875 William' IVelliiigton Cairns.
1877 Sir Artliur Edward Kennedy.
1888 Sir .Anthony Musgrave.
' 1889 ' Oen. Sir Henry Wylie Norman.
1896 , Charles, IV. A. K. (Cochrane-Baillle) Lord LamingtO'a.
' 1901 Sir Samuel Walker Griffith.
1IM)2 ' Major-Gen.' Sir Herbert Charles ■Chermside. ,
. 1905 Frederic d.. N. (Thesiger) Lord ■Chelmsford.
: XiOO Sir ' William McGreg'or. . ' . '
(5) , GOVERNORS OF SO'UTH AUSTRA,LIA FROM 1855'
1855 Sir Richard Graves MacDonnelL
' , 1862 ; Sir Dominick Daly. ■
1869 Sir James Fergusson.
^ 1873 ■Sir Anthony Musgrave.
1877 Sir IViliiaiB W. Cairns.. v
Sir William Francis Drummond Jervois.
188-3 Sir William Cleaver Francis Robinson.
1889 Algernon H. T. (Keith-Fakouer) E. of Kintore.
1895 Sir Thomas Fovvell Buxton.
' 1899 HaEam (Tennyson) Lord Tennyson.
1903 Sir George Ruthven Le Hunte.
, ■1908 Admiral Sir Day Hort Bosaiiquet. '
[Sir Samuel James Way Admmistrator 9 times, 1877-1902,]
(6) OOVEENORB OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA FEOxM 1860
[1820-60 governed by Lt-govemorg tinder the OoimM OJlce,]
{The daiee in thw lint are thoge of apj[)omtmnL)
1869 Frederick Aloysius Weld.
1874 W. C. F. Robinson.
1877 Major-Gen. Sir Harry St George Ord.
1880 Sir W. C. F. Robinson.
1883 Sir Frederick Napier Broome,
1890 Sir W. a F. Robinson.
1895 CoL Sir Gerard Smith.
1001 Sir Arthur Lawiey.
1003 Admiral Sir Frederick Georg© Denham Bedford.
1900 Sir Gerald SlrioklaatL' ■
TAB'LB 132 ■
(!) GOVEEKOES OF NEW. ZEALANB FEOM 1840 ■
1840 Capt.' W. Hobson. ■
1843, . Capt. Eobert Fitzroi'.
1845 Sir George Grey. ' ' ■
1855 CoL Sir TIiomas Gore Browne, ' ■ .
1861 Sir George Grey.
1868 Sir George Ferguson. Bowea.
1878 Sir James Fergusson.
1874 George A. C. (FMpps) 2ncl M.'.of Normanby.' ' „
1878 Sir Hercules 'G. .R. Eobmson.’
■1880 Sir Artliiir Hamilton Gordon. ■
,1883 Lieut. -Gen. Sir. W. F. I). -Jervois.
1889 . IFilMam llillier (Onslow) 4tli E. of OnsloWj rm. 1881.
1892 David (Boyle) 7tli 'E. of Glasgwr.'
■ 1897 Ucbter John Mark- (Enox) 5tb E. of Eanforly.
1904 IFilliam Lee (Flu.n:ket) 5th' Lord Flunked and ■
Coy} rmunder All-chief,
1910 Jolm Poyiid.er (Dickson-Foyiider)^ Lord Islington.
(8) GOVERNORS OF TASMANIA : FEOM 1855
1855 ■ Sir Henry Edward Fox Young. :
1861 , CoL Sir T. GoreBro.vme. ' , '
,1869 . Sir Charles Du Cane,'^:
1875 Frederick^ A. ..Weld,- .■■■'
1881 'Maj. Sir George Gumine Strahan.' ^ '
1886 Sir Robert George Crookshank Ham.ilton. ■
1898 "■■■’ Jenico W.-, 'J.;.(Fre8ton) 14lh - Vi8et. 'Gom:aiMtoa.
1900 '■ Sir Arthur Havelock. ■'■■■■
1904 '' Sir Ge.rald Strickland./ ■ \
1909 ■ Major-Gen. 'Sir Harry Barron.
SOUTH AFRICA
{Deputy or Acting GoverTurrs omitted,)
(1) OOVEHNOES OF CAPE COLONY 1795-1006
1795 Gen. James Henry Craig. ' ■
1797 George (Macartney) Earl Macartney.
1799 Sir George Yonge.
1803 Jan Willem Jansens {uTider the Batavian BepuhllG),
1806 Sir David Baird.
1807 Du Pre (Alexander) E. of Caledon.
1811 Sir Jolm Francis Cradock.
1814 Lord Charles Henry Somerset.
1828 Hon. Sir Galbraith Lowr}’^ Cole.
1834 Sir Benjamin D’ Urban.
1838 Sir Geo. Thos. Napier,
1843 Sir Peregrine Maitland.
1847 Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry Pottinger.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir Henry George Wakelyn Smith.
1852 Lieut. -Gen. George Cathcart.
1854 Sir George Grey^, recalled 1859^ restored 18G0.
1861 Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse.
1870 Sir Henry Barkly.
1877 Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere.
1881 Sir Hercules G. E. Robinson (Lord Rosmeud),
1889 Sir Henry Brougham Loch.
1895 Sir Hercules Eobinson.
1897 Sir Alfred Milner (Visct. Milner).
1901 Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson.
(2) MIUTENANT-GOVEENOES AND GOVERNORS OF NATAL
[NaiaJi vms erected into a separate colony in 1856.]
Libutenant-Govebnors
1856 John Scott.
1864 John Maclean.
1867 Robert Wilikm Keate.
1872 Anthony Musgrave.
1873 & Benjamm Chilley Campbell Pine.
1875 Sir Ern^ Gascoyne Bulwer.
TABLE 133
MAT Ah (emtifimd)
Goveekobs
1.87S Gea. Sir Garnet Jo.sepli -Wolselej (¥i9ct, Wcilseley).
1^) Maj. -Gen. Sir George Pomeroy Colley.
1882 Sk' Henry E. G, Balwer.
1888 Sir Artliiir Elibank Havelock.
1MB Lieut. -CoL Sir Charles Mitchell,
1893 Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hntchinson.
1901 ■ Sir Henry Edward McCailnm.
1907 Sir Matthew Nathan.
(3) SOUTH AFRICA, HIGH COMMISSIONERS
1900 Vise! Milner.
1905-10 l¥m. Waldegrave (Palmer) 2iid 'E. of Selbcirne.
(4) SOUTH AFRICAN CONFEDERATION
Goveenob-Geis-ebal ,
1910 Herbert (Gladstone) Viset. Gkdstone.
f ABLE 134
EGYPT AND THE SUDAN
I. AOENTO AND CONSUL-GENERAL IN EGYPT
1883 Evelyn (Baring) Visct (E. of) Cromer*
1907 Sir Eldon Gorst.
II. : GOVEENORS-GENBRAL Or-TO SUDAN "' PEOVINCES
AND ■.SIRDARS ■OF .THE EG YFriAN,, ARMY' ,
1896 Horatio Herbert (Kitchener) Y'isct. Kitchener,
... 1899 / Sir Francis RegiB.ald .Wingate* -
THE ^NETHERLANDS
TABLE 135
GOVERNORS OF THE NETHERLANDS
1477 C. Adolplaiis of Ole.ves-Raveijsteia,
1485-6 C. Engelbert II of Nas-sau-Breda.
14815-94 Albert D, of Sas:ony.
1506-7 William of Croy M. of Aerschot. ■
1507-30 Margaret of Austria^ Bss. of Savoy, ,
1.531-55' Mary of Austria^ Q. of Hungary,
1555-9 Eirimamiel Philibert, B. of Sa%"oy*
1559-67 Margaret of Austria, Bss. of Farina,
1567-73 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
1573-6 Lnis de Requesens y Zmiiga,
1576-8 Don John qfAm^ria.
1578 Alexander Farnese, B, of Fauna. '
GOVERNORS OF THE SOUTHERN (SPANISH) NETHERLANDS
1581-92 Alexander Faroese, B. of Parma. ■
1592-4 G. Peter Ernest of Mansfeld. .
1594-5. Arclici. E,mest of Austria.
159*5-6 Pedro Henriqnez de Acevedo, C. of Fnentes.
1596-1633 Archd. Albert of , Austria (t 1621) md Clara Isabella Eugeiiia,
Infanta of Philip //, 1 1633).
1633-4 .Ferdinand, Card. Infant* ■
1641-4, Francisco de Mello, M. of Terceira.
1(144-7 Emmanuel de Moura Cortereal, M. of Castel Rodrigo, .'
1647-56 Archd. Leopold William of Austria.
1656-9.- Bon Juan qf
1659-64 Louis de Benavides Carillo, M. of Fromiata.
1664-8 Francisco de Moura Corter^l, M. of Castel Rodrigo.
1668-70 Inigo Fernandez de Velasco, B. of Feria.
1670-5 Juan 'Domingo de Zuniga y Fonseca.
.1675-7 Carlos de Gurrea, B, of Viilah.ermosa.
.^1678-82. F. Alexander Farnese. .
1682-5 Otto Henry, M. of Caretto.
1685-92 Fr. Antonio de Agurto, M. of Cast^na.
1692-1706 Maximilian H, EL of Bavaria {deputy 1701-4, M. of Bedmar).
[1706-14 the Smtltern Netheriumh under Joird ride of Mngiand and ike AMim.'}
GOVERNORS OF THE AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS
1716*24 F. Eugene Francis of Savoy.
1724-41'''' AreMss, Maria Elizabeth (dun, of Leopold I),
1741-4 C. Frederick Augustus von Harraeh-Rohran.
1744-80 Archdsa Maria Anna (dau, if Cimrks FI, t 1744) md Prince
Charles Alexander of Lorraine.
1781-93 Ardidw. Maria Christina {dm, Fnmek I) and Albert, D. of Saac'®-
Twjhen.
17M-4 Awhd, Charl^ Lewis,
I
I
TABLE 130
HUNGARY AND TRANSYLVANIA
PALATINES (FROM MATTHIAS CORVINUS)
145a-81 Michael Ors^h of Oath.
1482-.4 Vacancy, Lrban Doczy^ Bp. of Erlau, Commissioner,
elected from 1485 for life by the Diet; Commissmiers appointed
by the BovereignJ]
■ 1485-7 EBieric Zap61ya. '
148^1-91 Varnncy, Bp, Doczy, Commissioner,
1492-9 Stephen Zapolya.
1500-3 Peter Gereb of Wyngarth.
1504-19 Eiaeric Ferenyi
15X9-25 Stephen Bathory, dep.
v 1525-6 . Stephen Verboczy. ■
ptephen Bathory^ 1526 (t 1531), for Ferdinand L
1526-33 Vacancy, -f Michael Kesserew, 1526-9^ and
\John Banj^, 1530-2, /or John Zupolya,
1534 Alexius Tliurso, Judex Curias, Commissioner,
1535-53 Vacancy,
1554-62 Thomas Nadasdy.
1562-1608 Vacarmj, Alexias Thurao and several ecclesiastics. Commissioners,
, ICM)8-9 Stephen IlleshMy.
1609-16 ■ George Thurso.
16l7'-21 Sigismund Forgacs.
1622-5 ■ /Stanis,iaus Tha.rso.
1625-45 C. Nicholas Eaterhazy.
1646-8 C. John Hraskovich.
1649-55 FaulPMffy,
1655-67 Francis Vesselenyi of Hadad.
lOT-80 Vacmwy,
l'rei-1713 C. Paul &terh§zy,
17l4r*32 C. Nicholas Palffy.
1732-41 Vammy, Francis D. of Lorraine, Beg&rd,
1741-51 a JoImPalfy.
1751-61 C. Ludwig Ernest Batthyany.
1762-89 Vammy,
1790-5 Archd. Leopold.
1796-1847 Archd. Joseph.
1847-8 Archd. Stephen (son ofArekd. Jomph% 1 1867.
■ qf Faktim aboMsked 1867*]
TABLE 136 {cmtiinm^k
mmcm of teansywaxia
152&^0 Joliii I Zapolfa (Anti-K. of Hungary).
1640-71 John II Sigismuiid Zapolya.
167l*-6 Stephen I ' Bathory (E. of Polanclj 1*576).
Christopher Bathory^ Regent.
1581-98. Siglsmnnd II Bathory.
1598-9 Andrew Bathory.
1600-4, Emp. RMolfIL
Miv&i, Sigismnnd .Bathory^ 1601-2* .
VMmantf Mozes Szekhelyj 1603.
Imperiui Deputy^ George Bastaj 1602-4.
'1604-6 Stephen II Boezcai.
1607-8 Sigismund III B-a'kdczy, ahd.
lOOB-lO Gabriel Bathory, murd.
1613-29 Gabriel Bethlen (Bethlen Gabor).
1629 Catharine of Brandenburg.
Mmlf Stephen Bethlen.
1630-48 George I Eakoczy. ' .
1648-60 George II Rakdczy.
1658 - 61 , Claimants f Francis Rhedey,
Achatias Barczai.
1661-3,, John KemenyL
1663-90 Michael I Apa^”. ■ ' ;
1090-1 Michael II Apa%.
(7/d*ff2awf, Emeric Tdkolyi
1691 Emp. '.Leopold I, rmogmsed 1694.
[Tfumyimnia wm umited to Hungry until indepemleni 1526-1691,
dependm! Wk A mtria ' 1691-17 13j - erBaied a grand diieky 1764. ]
TABLE 187
GOVERNORS OF MILAN
(IMPERIAL, SPANISH AND AUSTRIAN)
(Some Gox^emorn who mere m office for quite ^hort periodB are omitted,)
15S8-46 Alfonso d' Avalos.^ M. del -Vasto. ■ '
1546-^55 Ferrante Gonzaga^ P. of Moifetta.
1555-0 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
3556-8 Card. Cristofero Madruzzo.
155B~00 Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba, D. of Sessa.
1560-3 Francisco Fernando d' Avalos, M. of Pescara.
1 563-4 Gonzalo Fernandez de Cdrdoba, D. of Sessa,
1504-71 Gabriel de la Cueva, D. of Alburquerque.
, 1572-3 ■ Lnis de Eeqnesens, ■ ,
1573-80 Antonio de Guzman, M. of Ayamonte.
1580-3 Sancho de Guevara y Padilla,
1583-92 Carlos de Aragona, P. of Castelvetraiio.
1592-5 Fernando de Velasco.
1595-1600 Pedro de Padilla.
1600-10 Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, C, of Fuentes.
1010-12 Fernando de Velasco.
1612-14 Juan de Mendoza, M. de la Hinyosa.
1614-16 Sancbo de Luna.
1616-18 Pedro Alvarez de Toledo, M. of Fraiicavila,
1618-25 Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y Cordoba, D. of Feria.
1625-9 Gonzalez Fernandez de Cdrdoba.
1629-30 Ambrogio, M. of Spinola.
1630- 1 Alvaro de Bazan, M. of Santa Cruz.
1631- 3 Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y Cdrdoba, D. of Feria.
1633-4 Card. Fernando, Infant of Spain.
1034-5 Card, Gil Albornoz,
1635-41 Diego Felipe de Guzmdn, M. of Leganes.
1641-3 Juan de Velasco, C. of Sirvela.
1643-6 Antonio Sancbo Davila, M. of Veiada.
1646-7 Bernardino Fernando de Velasco, C. of Haro,
1047-8 Ifiigo Fernando de Velasco, C. of Haro.
, , 1648-56 , Louis de Benavides, M. of Caracena, , , ,
1656-60 Alonzo Perez de Vivero, C. of Fuensaldagna.
1660-2 Francesco Gaetani, D. of Sennoneta.
1W2-8 Louis de Guzman Ponce de Leon.
16^70 Paolo Spinola, M. of los Balbases.
1670-4 OMptr Telte Girdn, D, of Osuna,
1674-8 Claud© Lamoral, P* of Ligne.
1678-86 Juan T. Henriquez de Cabrera, C. of Melgan
TABLE 1.37 (€miinMe(i%
168i“91 Antonio Lopez ie Ayala Veli^o y Cariefias, €. of Fueu&aiida,
.1691-^ Biego Felipe de Criiziiian^ M. of Legaiies.
1698~17CB P. Charles Henry of Lorraiae-Tawdemoiit. . . ,
1706-17 P. Eugene of Savoy. ..
1717-9 , ;P. Maximilian Charles of Loewenstein. ' .
1719-25 C. Girolamo Colloredo.
1725-36 C. Winch Philip voo Baun*
1736-43 C. Otto Ferdinand von Traiia. ■
, 1743-5 ' . P. George Christian von Lobkowitz,
1745-7' Gian Luca PellavicmL
1747-50 C. Ferdisaml Bonaventura von Harrach. ' '
. 1750-4 , Gian Luca PellavicmL
Pkmpoienim'^^m
1754-71 ' Francesco 'HE, D. of Modena. 1754-8 C, Beltrame CristianL
■ 1758-82 C. Charles Firmian,
■ 1771-96 ■ Archd. Ferdinand of Austria. ' , 1782-92 C. Joseph Wiiczek,
TABLE 138
VICEROYS OF NAPLES AND SICILY
A. SPANISH VICEROYS OF NAPLES 1504-1734
with Sicily f united to the Crown of Spain from 1503 till 1713 (1707); 1714
transferred to Austria; from 1735 to I860, vMh Sicily ^ as kingdom of the Two
Stciimy under Spanish {Bourbon) younger line {but from 1806 to 1815 Naples under
French rule) ; 1860 became part of kingdom of Italy. 1
{Temporary Governors for short periods omitted.)
1504-7 Gonsalvo de Cordoba.
LIOT-O Juan de Aragona, C. of Repacorsa.
1509-22 Ramon de Cardona.
1622-4 Charles de Laniioy,
1524-6 Andrea Caraffa, C. of S. SeFerina.
1627-9 Hugo de Moncada.
1529-30 Philibert, P. of Orange,
1630- 2 Pompeo Colonna.
1532-63 Pedro de Toledo, M. of Viilafranca.
1553-5 Card, Pedro Pacheco de Villena.
1555 Bernardino de Mendoza.
1555-3 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
1558 Juan Manriquez de Lara.
,, Card. Bartolome de la Cueva d'Alburquerque.
1558-71 Perefan deTa Ribera, B, of Alcala.
1571-5 Antonio Perrenot, Card, de Oranvelle.
1675-9 Jnigo Lopez Hurtado de Mendoza, M. of Mondejar.
■ 1579-82 Juan. de Zuniga, P.' of Pietrapersa. : .
1582-6. . .Pedro Giron,.!)., of Osuna.
1586-95 Juan de Zuiliga, C. of Miranda,
1595-9 Enrique de Guzmdn,.
1599-1603 Fernando Euiz de Castro, C, of Leraos.
1603-10 Juan Alfonso Pimentel d’Errera, C, of Benevento,
1610-6 Pedro Fernandez de Castro, C. of Lemos.
1616-20 Pedro Giron, D. of Osuna, :
1620-2 Card. Antonio Zapata.
1622-9 Antonio Alvarez de Toledo, D. of Alva.
16^-31 Fernando de Ribera, B. of Alcala.
1631- 7 Manuel de Guzman, C. of Monterey.
1637-44 Ramiro de Guzman, B, of Medina de las Torres.
1644-6 Juan Alfonso Henriquez,
1646-8 Rodrigo Ponce de Leon, D. of Arcos.
1648 Bon Juan of Austria^
1648-53 Ifiigo Vote de Guevara, C. of Ofiate.
1653-9 Garcia de Avellaneda y Haro, C. of Castrillo,
1669-64 Caspar de Bracamonte, C. of Pedaranda,
TABLE 138 (muiumd)^
1604-5 Card.. Pasqiiale of Aragon*
1665-71 Pedro Antonio de Aragons.
167.2-5 .AiitoiiiO' AI'varejs^.M. of Astorga.
1675-83 Feniando Joaqdn Fajardo, M. of Lo« 1 eles,
1683-7 Caspar de Haro, M. del Carpio.
1687-95 ■ Francisco Benavides, C. of San tlsteliaa.
1695-1702 Lais de la Cerda, B. of Medina Celi, .
1702-7 Jiian Manuel Fernandez Faclieco de Acaila, D. of Escalona and
M. of Villena.
iMPBElAn VlCE.HOY5
1707 C. George Adam ’von Martiiiitz.
1707-8 ITiricli Philip B>tenz, C. I)au% P, of Tiiiaiio*
1708-10 Card. Vincenzo Grirnani.
1710-3 Carlo .Borromeo, C. of Arona.
1713-9 W. P. L., C. Baun, P. of Iliiano.
1719 a Jolin ' Wenzel Gaiks. ■ .
, 1719-21 M'klfgang Hannibal von Schrattenbacli, Ahp. of 01m dtz.
1721- 2 Marcaiitoiiio, P. Borghese. ■
1722- 8 Card. Michael Frederick von, Althann.
1728-?13 C. Aloys Tlio,mas Raymond Harrach.
1733-4 Giulio de’ Visconti.
B. SPANISH VICEROYS OF SICILY 'FROM 1507
1409 nnited mih the Crotm of Aragm (1512 of Bjmin); 1713 tmmferred^
m kingdom, to Samg; 1720 tor Amtriu.]
{fempomrg Cfowmom for short periods omitted ,) . ■ ■
T507-9 Ramdii de. Cardona.
1509-16' Ugo de Moncada.
1517-34 .Ettore Pignatelli, C. of Monteleon.
1535-46 Ferdinando de Gonzaga, B. of Guastalla.
1547-57 Juan de Vega*
1557-65 Juan de la Cerda, B. of Medina Celi.
1565- 7 Garcia de Toledo.
1566- 7 Carlos de Aragoiia, B, of Terranova.
1508-71 Francisco Fernando d* Avalos, M. of Pescara*
1571-7 Carlos de Airagona, F. of Castelvetrano, Fresidente de! regm.
1577-84 Marcsntonio Colonna, B. of Tagliaeozzo.
1585-91 Biego Heariquez de Gazman, C. of Alva de Liste,
1592-5 Heiirique de Guzman, C. of Olivares.
1595-8 Giovanni Ventimiglia, M* of Gerace, Presidente de! regm,
1598-1601 Bernardino de Cardins, B* of Macqueda.
1602-6 Lorenzo S'uarez de Figueroa, B* of Ferisu
TABLE 158 (mnimue(i)ti
1607-10 Juan Fernandez Pacheco, M. of Villena and D. of Escalona.
1611-16 Pedro Giron, D. of Osuna.
1616-23 Francisco de Lemos, G, of Csstro. :
■ 1622-4 Emmanael PMiibert of Savoy,' P. of Ooeglia.
■; 1625-7 Antonio Pimentel,- M. of Tavora.
1627-33 Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, D. of Alburquerque.
1633-6 Fernando de Ribera, B. of Alcala, Lmgotemnte md Cap. -gen,
1635-9 Lnis de Moncada, P, of Paterno and B. of Montalto,
Preddente del regm,
1639-41 . Francisco de Mello -de B:raganza, -C. of Assnmar. -
1641-4 Alfonso Henriqnez de Caprera, C. of Modica.
1644-7 Pedro Fajardo de Zuniga y Requesens, M. of Los Veles.
1649-51 Don Juan of Austria,
1651-5 Rodrigo de Mendoza Roxas y Sandoval, B. of Iiifantado.
1655-6 Juan Tellez Giron, D. of Osuna.
1657-60 Pietro Rubeo, Abp. of Palermo, Presldente del regno.
1660-3 Fernando de Ayala, C. of Ayala.
1663-7 Francesco Gaetano Romano, D. of Sermoneta.
1667-70 Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, D. of Alburquerque.
1670-4 Claude Larnoral, P. of Ligne.
1674-6 Fadrique de Toledo, M. of Villafranca.
1676 Angelo de Guzman, M. of Castel Rodrigo.
1677-8 Card. Luis Fernandez de Portocarrero, Abp. of Toledo.
1678 Vincenzo da Gonzaga, P. of the Empire.
1679-87 Francisco Bonavides, €. of San Stefano.
1687-96 J uan Francisco Pacheco, D, of Uqeda,
1696-1701 Pedro Colon, B, of Veragua.
1701-2 Juan Manuel Fernandez Pacheco de Acuna, D. of
. , Escalona and M. of Villena.
- . ^ 1702-5 Card. Francisco del Giudice. '^
1705-7 Isidor de la Cueva y Benavides, M. of Bedraar,
1707-13 Carlo Spinola, M. of Los Balbases.
VicBROirs OF VicsTOR Amaoeus H, B. op Savoy, K. of Sicily
1714-8 a Annibale Mafel
1718 Giovanni Franc^o di Bette, M. of Lede.
At’sTRiA?r Viceroys
1720-2 Niccolo Fignatella, B. of Monteleon.
1732-8 Fra Joaquin Fernandez Portocarrero, M. of Almenara.
1728-54 Cristdbal Fernando de Cordoba, C. of Sagasta.
TABLE 139
Henry TO
Ufi5-i.y>'j
Henry VIII
1503-47
CHIEF MINISTERS LV EN’GEA?® (FROM HENRY VII)
Sm'&reigm
Cari. Mo'rtCM (Al>p. of Casterlmry)^, Ijord CBanceilor
1487 - 1500 . ■
Richard Fox^ .Bp, of Winclester^, Sec. of State and Lcrrd, ;
■■ Pri\-y .Seal 148M5B.
Thomas E. of Surref (ISM- B, of Norfolk^, Lorii 'Higli ■
Treasurer 1501-
Card, IFolsey^j Abp- of York; Lord Chancellor 1515-29.. ;
Sir Tiiom^as Mor©; Il*orci CliaE-cellor 1520-32. ■ ' ■ .
Thomas Cromwell/ E. of Essex/ Sec. of State ^ 1534^ Hear-. ,
General i 58, L^ri Prii7 Seal It530-4O:.
Sir Thomas .Wriotiriesley (_.E of Southampton), ’ .Lo.rd Clia.f'.i-'
■■ cellcir 154‘1-F*
E-dwari Seymou.r, O. of Somerset, Prokiior 1547-0. ' ',
»FohrrBudley'_, !>.. oT.No'rth'un'iberi.a.uii, 155(143,
Stephen Gardiaer. Bp. of . Winchester, Lord Ciiancellor
155341 ■ .
Will .iam Lord .Paget, LiOrd Pri?y Seal 1556-8.
Sir William Cecil, Lord Bnrg’hley, Sec. of State 1558, Lord
l-Iig*!! Treasarer' 15T2-08. ■
Sir Bobert Cacil, S«e. of State 1596-1603.
Sir Robert Cecil, IE. of Salisbury, Secretary 1603-8, Lord '
Hit'll Treasurer 1608-12.
George YillierSj, I>, of Buckingham, ' Master of the Horae:
1616, Lord HigB A. dmiral 1619. . ■
D. of B.ucMiigham, ■ 165E5-B. ■. ■ ' ' '
Sir Thomas Weiatvrortli, B,of Strafford, Pres, of the Council
of the North 1$ 28-438, Lord Deputy of Ireland 1633-41.
[Ooittllioiiwealth 1649] John JBradsIiar,^ Pres, of the Council of State
[Protectorate 1653-9 1649-53.
Edward VI
1547-53
Mary I ' .
,1553-8
Blissabetli
1558-1603
Jam,es I .
1603-25
Charles 1
1625-40
Oliver Cromwell,
Pr&tector 1653-8.
Richard Cromwell,
PrfjkeMr 1658-9]
Olmrles U
1660-85
James H
l®5-8
WiHiam HI
1689-1702
and
Majy n
lW-94
John Tharloc, Sec., of tlie Conncil of State 1053 - 60 .
Edward Hyde, E. of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor 1660-7,
ChdoF') Hemry Bennet,, E. of Arlington, Sec. of State
1667-73.
Sir llimiiias Osborne, E. of Ratihy, Lord High Treiwurer
1673-a
Bobert Spencer, B. of Senierland, Sec. of State 1070-81
and
E. of Smiid^rlamd^ S^ec, of State and Lord Pres, of the
Conneii 16S5-S.
ThomM Osborjne, 1, of Carmarthen (Danby) {1604 D. ot
Leeds), Lord Wrm* of tb© Council 1690-5.
Jufdo''} Ckarles Montagu, E. of HalifStt, First Lord
of tha Treasury 1799.
Sidney Ckdolphia^ Lmi Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer
• 1790-2.,
TABLE {emUmmd%
Lord High Treasarer 1702-10,
Eo'bert Harley^. E. of Oxford j Chancellor of the Excli6c|aer 1710^:
Lord High Treasurer 1711-4.
Henry St John^ Visct. Bolingbrohe, Sec. of State 171 0-4. \
James Stanhope^ E. 'Stanhope^ Sec. of State 1714 , and 1718-21,
First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1717-8.
Charles Townshend,. VIsct. , T«>wnsheiid, Sec. of State 1714-7,
1721-SO. ■
Sir Robert Walpole, First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of
the Exchequer 1721-7-
Tfe 1727-42. . ,
John: Lord Carteret (E. Granville), Sec. of State 1742-3.
Henry Pelham,.- First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of
the Exchequer 1743-53.
Thomas Pelham, B. of. Newcastle, First Lord of the Treasury
1754-6.
William Cavendish, D. of Bevonshire, First Lord of the Treasury
■ 1756-7.
William Pitt, Sec. of State.
B, of Newcastle, First Lord of the Treasury 1756-61.
William Pitt, Sec. of State.
(Mmcefttrih the Prime Minuter u ulmost inmriahly First Lord of the Treasury,)
:Claorge, III , .John Stewart, E, of Bute, First Lord of the Treasury 1762-3. ,
1760-1820 George Grenville, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1763-5.
Charles Went worth-Watsoxi, M» of Rockingham, 1766.
. Augustus Fiteroy, B.. of Grafton, 1766-9.
WiHiam Pitt,- E. of Chatham, Lord Privy ^Seal,
Frederick Lord North (E. ofOuddford), 1770-82.
..M. of Rockingham,- 1782. ^
William Petty, E. of Shelburne (M. of Lansdowne), 1782-3.
■ William- Bentinck, .B, of Portland, 1783.'
(Coaiitimi Ministry) Lord North and Charles James Fox,
Secretaries of State.,
William Pitt, First Lord .and Cljancellor of the ■ Exchequer 1788-
1801.
Henry Addington (VIsct. Sidmouth), First Lord and Chancellor
of the Exchequer 1801-4.
William Pitt, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1804-6.
{*^AU the Tedmis**) William Lord Grenville, 1800-7.
Charles James Fox, Foreign Secretary 1806.
B. of Portland, 1807-9,
Spencer Perceval, First Lord and Chancellor of the Exchequer
1809—12.
Robert Banks Jenkmson, E. of Liverpool, First Lord and
Chancellor 'of Exchequer, 1812-20.
Smereigm
Aane
1702-14
Q-eopge I
1714-27
George II
1727-60
TABLE 139
Sowrei§ns
C3*©orge I¥ ■ ,1. of Liverpool, 1820->7.
182CL30 George CaBniug, First .Lord and diancellor of tlie Excfieqiier 1827.
.Frederick Joiin RoMnsoti'^ Visct,. ■ Godericti (E. of RiponL 1827.
A,'rt1ittr Wellesleyj B. of WeEiogtois^ 1827-30.
WilMaia IV ,C!iarlesGr© 7 (Lord Howiek), Earl Grey, 183CL4.
183l>-7 WiliiaiB, Laiiib/Viset. Melboa.r 11 .e 5 1834
Sir Roliert Feel, First I^rd and Cbanceno? of tlie Excliei|iier,
1834-5.
Viset. Melboaraej 1835-7-
Victoiia ' The mmSf 1BZ7-^1,
1.837-liOl ' Sir Robert Peel, 1841-6.
■ 'Lord Jolin Eiissell (Earl Russell), 1846-52.
, ,Edw.arfi Stanley, E.. of Derby, 1852. ,
Geo.rge Ha 0 iiltoii--G-o.rdc>n, -E. of .A.bercieen, 1852-5.
He, riry J. Temple, Visct. PaliBerstoii/l 855-8*
E. of Derby, 1858-9. '
Visct. Palmerston, 1859-65.
Earl liussell, 1865-6. ■,
E. of Derby, 1866-8.
Benjamin Disraeli, 1868.
William Ewart Gladstone, 1868-74 (Cbancellor of tbe Excli«|iir
■ 1873): .
Benjamin Disraeli. (E. of Beaco,nslieM from 1876), 1874-80. ■ ' ■
W. E. Gladstone,^ First 'Lord, and Ciianceilor of tlie ' Excli®|iir:
1880-5/ '
, ■ Robert A. T. G. Cecil, M. of Salisbury, Foreign Sec. 1885-0.
W, E. Gladstone, .First Lord and Privy Seal 1886.
/ ■'', M. of .Salisbury, ■First,.LordT.B80-92. ■
W. E, Gladstone, First Lord and Privy Seal 1892-4.
Arcbibald Philip Primrose, E. of Rosebery, First Lord and Lo#d
Pre8.of€ounciil89'4-5,-"
' .M, of Salisbury, Foreign Sec. 1895-190L
SAwaifd...!?!! TA? M'W, 1901-2.
1901-10 Arthur James Balfour, 1902-5.
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Miniater 1905-8.
Herbert Henry Asquith, Prim© Minister 1908-10. '
Tke
Georg© ¥
1910
TABLE UO
CHIEF MINISTERS IN FRANCE (FROM HENRY IV)
8(mreigm
Henry IV
1589-1610
IionlBXni
1610-48
IiOlllsXIV
1643-1715
lioniBXV
1715-74
LoniEXVl
I774r-e2 (kp,
I79c*i es.
Bepublic
179^-1804
Til© Cmmi^ate 1799-1802
Bonaparte Mnt C^nmi
for life 1802-4]
Hapoleon I
1799 (lmp» 1804)
-1814
Maximilien d© Bethune (Roanf), D. ofSiilly^ 1597-1610. :
[Begent, 1610-4, Q.' Marie (de* Medici)] Concinl, Marshal
d'Ancre, 1610-7.
Charles d* Albert, G. (D.) of Liiyiies, 1617-21,
Armand-Jean du Plessis, D. of Eichelien, Card., 1624-43,
[Begerd, 1643-52, Q. Anae (of Austria)] Jules Mazarin,
1643-52.
Jules Maasarin, Card. (First Minister), 1652-9.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (Comptroller-general), 1661-83.
Fran 9 . -Michel le Tellier, M. of Louvois (Minister of War
1666), 1671-91.
[Begentj 1715-23, Philip, D. of Orleans] Card. Dubois,
1718-23.
Louis Henry, D, of Bourbon (First Minister), 1724-6.
Andre-Hercule Fleury, Bp. of Frejus, Card., 1726-43.
Abbe F.-J. de Pierre de Bemis, C. of Lyon (Card.), 1756-8.
Etienne-Francois, D. of Choiseul, 1758-70.
The Triummraie Armand Vignerot-Duplessis-Eichelieu,
D, d*Aiguillon, 1770-4.
Anne-Eobert-Jacques Turgot, M. de FAuiiie, 1774-6.
Jacques Necker, 1776-8.
Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, 1783-6.
Lomenie de Brienne, Card., 1787.
J. Necker, 1788-90.
C. Honore-Gabml Eiquetti de Mirabeau, 1791.
The Directory, 1794-9. „
lioulaxvni
1814-24
Charl^Maurice Talleyrand C. de P^rfgord, P. of Benevento
{Foreign Minister), 1799-1807.
Fouche, D. of Otranto (Minister of Police), 1804-10.
Maret, D. of Bassano (Foreign Minister), 1811-14.
Savary, D. of Eoyigo (Minister of Police), 1810-14.
Talleyrand (First Minister), 1815.
Aimand-E,-lS.-S. du Plessis, D. de Richelieu (First Minister),
^,1815-21. .. .
C. J©an-Baptiste-Cr.-M,-3.-J', de ViilMe (First Minister),
1821—4.
Sfmret^m
dmrles X
182«0
TABLE (mnimmd%
Louls-PMlippe
1830-48
Second EepiibMc
1848-52
Mapoleon HI
Emp. 1852-70
C. de ¥ilIMe, 1824-T.
Jeau-Baptiste-S.-Gayej ie Martigiiae (First ifittisfcer)^
1828-a .
Atigiiste-J.-A.-M.-B.j P,- de Poligaac, 2820,.
Jacques Laffitte^ 1830-1.
Casimir Pdrier, 1831-2,
Lei BocMnmrei"*) Marshal Soalt, 1,832-0.
M.-J.-Lcims-Adoiplie TMers^ 1836. ,
Francois-Pierre-Guillaame Guizot, 1836-7,.
,Lou!s-Mattliiea, G. Mole, 1837-0* '
A. Tliiers, 1,839-40.
F.-P.-G. 'Guizot, 1840-8.
Provisional GoverumeBt :
President : Jacques-Cliarles .Bii'pent (de I'Enire),
Foreign Mm,i8ter : Alphonse de lAmartiiie (Fehruary-
June).
Minister of War: General L.-C. Cavaigiiae (May— June).
National Assembly :
Head of Executive : General Cavaignac (June — ^De-
cember).
Presidency of Prince Louis-Napoleon :
Cam,i!Ie-Hyacinthe-Odiloii Barrot, 1848-0.
Eugene Rouher, 1849-51,
Charles-Auguste-Louis-Joseph, D, de Momy, .President of
the Legislative A^mbly, 1851-65.
.Eugene Rouher (1855-0) (Firat Minister), 1863-0.
O.-^miie Gllivier (First Minister), Jan. — Aug. 1870*
TMra BepiilJlIc
1870
Gmemmmt qf
NeAimmi Dqfmm
1870"”!
A- Thiers, Chief qf
Mmmiiw P&wer^
Feb.— Aug. 1871
(For iiit of^eMmii
m Tabk 124)
Gen. Trochu (President); Jules Favre (Foreign Affairs);
Leon Gambetta (Minister for the Interior).
J. Favre (Foreign , Affairs) Feb., — JulyT871*
C. Charles de Kemusat (Foreign Affairs) July 1871 — May 1873*
Jacques-Victor-Albert Due de Broglie, 1873*
Louls-Joseph Buffet, 1875.
JolM-Armand-Stanislas Dufaure, 1876*
Jules Simon, ' 1876. ■■ ■
Due de Brc^lie, 1877. ■
(Gen. Rochebouet, 1877*)
J.-A.-S, Bufsure, 1877.
William Hugh Waddington, 1879.
CharlM-Louis d© S. de Freycmet, 1879.
Jules Ferry, 1880.
Idon Gambetta, 1881.
C.-L. de S. de Frejdnot, 1802.
Dadere, 18^.
11—2
TABLE 140 (emtinu^c
TMrd Republic
{coMimmd)
Jules Ferry, . 1883. .
Eugene-Henri Brisson, 1885,
G.~L. de S. de Freycinet, 1885.
Bene Goblet, 1886.
Maurice Kouvier, 1887.
Pierre-Emmanuel Tirard, 1887.
Cbarles-Thomas Fioquet, 1888.
P.-E. Tirard, 1889.
C.-L. de S. de Freycinet, 1890.
fimile Loubet, 1892.
Alexandre-Felix-Josepb Ribot, 1892,
Charles- Alexandre Dupuy, 1893.
Jean-Paul-Pierre Casimir-Perier, 1803.
C.-A. Dupuy, 1894.
A.-F.-J. Ribot, 1895.
Ldon-Victor-Auguste Bourgeois, 1895.
Fdlix-Jules Meline, 1896.
E.-H. Brisson, 1898.
Pierre-Marie-Rene Waldeck-Rousseau, 1899.
Justin-Louis-Bmile Combes, 1902.
Jean-Mairo-Ferdinand Sarrien, 190.5.
Georges-Benjamin-Eugene Clemenceau, 1906,
Aristide Briaad, 19C^
TABLE 141
CHIEF MIMSTERS IN THE EJfPIRE AND AUSTRIA
(FROM CHARLES V TO 1871)
Oliarles V Arlwrio de Oattinara^ 1510-30, Cliaiicellor*
1519«-56 Nicolas Perreuot, Sieur de Granvelle, 1530-50, Sec* of State*
Card. Aatonlo Perreoot de Graavelle, 1550-8,
MattMaJS Card. Melchior Klesl, 1611-18, Director of Privy CounciL
1,012-lS ■
Ferdinand H F, Hans Ulrich von Eggenherg, 1615-34, Ohersthofineiiter
1619-37 and Director of Privy Conacil. ■
Ferdinami III C. M&x von Trantmannsdorf, 1634-50, President of Privy
1637-57 Conneil (Obersthofmeister from 1628),
F. Johann Weikhard von Anersperg, 1S50-7* ,■
LeopoM I P. Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowitz, 1069-74, President of
1058-1705 ■ Privy Couneii.
C. Theodor von Strattman, 1683-90, Hofkanzler*
Ferdinand Bonay von Barrach, 1698 - 17065 ' Obersthof-
meister and ■Frmdent of Conference of State,
JO'Sepll I C', Johann Wenzel Wratislsw, Bohemian Chancellor
1705-1 1 a»d Mem1:>er of Conference of State.
'Otiairles VI . ' Frhr. Joseph Christian von Bartenstem, ITST-t^S, Secretary
1711-40' of S'tat4j.
PmBCis I P. Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz, 1753-92, Hof- and Staa'ts-
1745-65 kamler.
[Maria Theresa The same,
Q. of Hungary
, 1740-80] " ^ ' '
Josephll fka mm,
1765-90
IsBopoid n The mme,
1790-2
Francis n C, John Philip Cohenzl, 1702-3, Hof- and Staatskanzler (/rof»
1792-1804 1793 for Italy only).
Frhr. John Amadeus Francis Maria von Thugiit, 1793-1800,
.£mperer$ of Amtria ' Director of State Chancery.
Francis C. John Ludwig Joseph Cohenzl, 1800-5, Director of State
1804-35 Chancery.
C. John Philip Charles Stadion, 1805-9, Hof- and Staats-
. . .'kanzler. '■■■
Ferdiiiaild Clement Wenzel Lothar, F. Metternich, Minister of Impeml
1835-48 House and of Foreign AMrs 1809-21, Haus-, Hof- and
Staatekanzier 1821 -48,
C. Franz Kolowrat-liebsteinsfcy, Minister of State 1826-40.
FlfWloiS Josaph B. Francis von Fiilersdorff, Minister-President 1848.
1848 F, Felix von Schwarzenherg, Minister-Fiwdent 1848-52.
Alexander Bach, Minister of Interior 1840-50.
Anton von Schmerling, Minister of Interior 1860-5.
C. Belcredi, Minister-Fr^ident and Minister of the Interior
(1865-7).
■; F. CotIos Anerapeig, Mlnteter-Fraddent (1W8-70).
_ ' , C. Friedrich Ferdinand von Beast, Minister of Foreign
AjfiWrs 1886, E^hdkanzler 1867-71.
be^m vdik tim Au%leiek qf 1871.)
TABLE 142
CHIEF MINISTERS IN PRUSSIA (TO 1871)
8ommgm
Frederick I
(1688) 1701-13
Frederick William I
1713-40
Frederick 11
1740-86
Fredeidck William H
1786-97
Frederiok William HI
1707-1840
Frederick William W
1840-61
Begmwy qf Prince qf Prumm
( Wrnmm i)
1858-61
Wiliam I
1861-88
(German Emp. 1871)
[Eberhard Cbristopli Balthazar von , Banckelmanii,,
President and First Minister 1695-7*] ^
John Casimir;. von Kolb, C. von Wartenbiirg, Ober-'
kammerberr 1697-1711.
■ Heinrich Rudiger von ligen, Minister of State
(Foreign Affairs) 1711-25. '
. Fri^rich ,, Wilhelm von Grnmbkow, Minister
, - of State 1713, Chief of General Supreme
Directory 1723-39-
C» Charles William Fink von Finkenstein, Minister of
■ State 1747, Cabinet Minister 1749-1800, ■
C. Ewald Friedrich von Hertzberg, Minister of State ■
and Cabinet 1763-91.
John Rudolf von Bischoffswerder, 1786-8,
Adjutant 1786, Adjutant-Geo. 1789.
C. Christian August Heinrich Kurt von Haugwitz,
Cabinet Minister 1792-1806.
Frhr. Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein, 1807-8.
Frhr. Karl August von Hardenberg, Minister of
State 1804-6, Chancellor of State 1810-22.
C. Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg, President
of Ministry 1848,
Ludolf Camphausen, President of Ministry 1848-9.
David J nstus Hansemann, Minister of Finance
1848.
€. Frederick William von Brandenburg, 1848-50.
General Joseph von Radowitz, Minister for
Foreign Affairs 1850.
Otto Theodor von Manteuffel, Minister for
Foreign Affairs 1850, President of Minis*
try 1857.
P. Anton of Hohenzoilern, 1858-62,
. ■ Rudolf von Auerswald, Minister without port-
folio, 1858-62.
C. Maximilian von Schwerin-Putzar, Minister
of interior 1859-62.
F. Otto von Bismarck, 1862-9a
TABLE 143
CHANCELLORS OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE
Emperors
William I P. Otto von. Bismarck,
Frederick III The mnu^ 1888.
WIEiam H The mme, 1888-00.
C. George Leo von Caprivi, 1800-4.
F. Qilodwig .von Holienlolie»ScliilliBg8f«rst, 1807-1^,
F, Bernliard von BOlow, 1000-8.
TheoMd von Bedimann-^
TABLE 144
CHIEF MINISTERS IN THE KINGDOM OF ITALY
. Somrei^
¥‘ietor Biimmiiiiel 11 C. Camiilo Bens© di Cavour, 1852-9 and 1860-1.
1862 (1849)”78 [Sicily, Bepretis Dictator, Crispi Sec. of State 1869“60.]
Frmdents of the Councii of Ministers^
B. Bettino Ricasoli, 1861-2.
Urban© Rattazzi, 1862.
Marco Mingbetti, 1863-4.
M, Alfonso La Marmora, 1864-6.
B. B. Eicasoli, 1806-7,
■■ U. Rattazzi, 1867.
Gen. Federigo Luigi Menabrea, 1867-9.
Quintino Sella, 1861-73 (Finance).
Giovanni Lanza, 1869-73 (Interior).
M. Emilio Visconti-Venosta, 1869-73.
M. Mingbetti, 1873-6.
Agostino Depretis, 1876-^.
B. Giovanni Nicotera, 1876-7 (Interior).
SiimTbert I Francesco Crispi, 1878 Jan. -March.
1878-1900 M. Cairoli, 1878 March-Dec.
A. Depretis, 1878-87*
F. Crispi, 1887-91.
M. di Kudini, 1891-2.
Giovanni Giolitti, 1892-3.
F. Crispi, 1893-6.
M. di Rudini, 1896-8-
Gen, Luigi Felloux, 1898-1900.
M. Visconti-Venosta (Foreign Affaire), 1899-190L
Victor Hmsmnuel HI Giuseppe Saraeco, 1900-2.
1900 Giuseppe 2^nardelli, 1902-3.
G. Giolitti, 1903-0.
B. Sonnino, 1906.
G. Giolitti, 1906-10.
Luigi Luzzatti, 1910.
TABLE 145
CHIEF MINISTERS IN SPAIN {FROM PHILIP III TO ISIS)
80mrei^9
PMlp III
1598-1621
Philip IV
1621-85
Charles H
1665-1700
IMfgmt 1665-75,
Queen Maria A,ima]
PMlip W
1700-46
PenHaaiid VI
1746-59
Oharles III
1759-88
Ohajples TV
1788-1808
Perdinand VII
1814 (1808)-88
teahaEan
1888-68 dep.
Megmii 1833-4CI,
Q. Cristina.
Bsgmt 1841-8,
Gen. Efipartero*
1868 Inierregnum
Begerd^ Gen. f’ranc.
Serrano DomiiigiioK,
I), of ’La Torre
Francisco Gomess de Sandoval, I)., of Lenna, 1598-1618. .
Cristoval Gomez de Sandoval, B. of Cceda, 1619-21.
Gaspar Fliillp de Guzman, C.. of Olivares {^Hhe Cfjunt-
1621-43.'
Lmis de Haro, D. of Carpio^ 1648-61.
Father Nietliard (Card.), 1665-8.
Fernando de Valenzuela, 1668-75.
Don Jnan of Amiritz^ 1676-9. ■ '
Jiian Franc, Tomas de la Ceriia, B, of Medina Celt, 1680-5.
Emmanue! Joaqmn de Toledo, C. of Oropesa, 1685-91.
Tlie C. of Melgar, B. of Sessa, i). of Irjfantado, C. of
Monterey, Card. Fortocarrero snecessively, 11191-1700-
Card. Portocarrero, 1700-4.
Fss. Orsini Camarera mayor, lIOO-ll, ■
Card, del Gindice, 1714.
Card. Gt'olio Alberoni, 1715-0.
Jan Willem Ripper da, 1725-6. ■
Jose de Patifio, 1726-36.
de la Quadra, M. of Villarias, 1736-40.
Jose Campiiio, 1740-8.
Zeno Somo de Villa, M. of Ensenada, 1743-6.
M. of Ensenada > 1746-54
Jose de Carvajal y Lancaster)
Francisco Borgia, M. of Squillac©, 1760-6.
Pedro. Abarea y Bolea, €»■ of Aranda, 1766-78.
Jose Guttierez de Solarzano, M, of Grimaldo (Foreign
Minister), 1773-6- ■■
Jose Moj&ino, M. of Florida Bknca, 1776-88.
M. of Florida Blanca, . 17BS-92.
C. of Aranda, 1792.
Manuel de Oodoy, F. of the Peace, 1792-1808, ,
Jose Leon y Pizarro, 1816-8.
Gan. Boidomero Espartero, 1837-40.
Eamdn Maria Narvaez, B. of Valencia, 1844-5; 1847-51;
1B56-7; 1368; 1865-8.
Enrique O’Donnell, C. de La BisW, 1856 ; 1858-63; 1864-5.
AmaAeiiB (of A«ta) Gen. Juan Prmi, M, of Los Ck«tiEejos, 1870.
1870-3 oM. Gen. Serrano, 1871 (Jiii3i.-July).
Buiz Zorrilla, 1871 (Jniy-Dee.).
PiAredes Mateo Sagaata, 1871-2.
Adm. Topete, 1872CMay-Jm©>
E. Zorrilla, 1872-3> ■
TABLE li6
SECULARISED BISHOPRICS
r ipnnmpal doim &f mmlarimtion :
Peace of W estphalia, 1648.
Peace of Limeville, 1801.
Eeiclisdeputationsrecess, 1802.
Reichsdeputationshauptschiussj 1808.
Peace of Fressburg, 1805.
Dissolution of tbe Holy Roman Empire^ 1806.
Peace of Tilsit, 1807.
Peace of Paris, 1814.
Peace of Vienna, 1815.
Treaty of Prague, 1866.]
Bisboprics of :
Augsburg. 1803 annexed to Bavaria.
Bamberg. 1803 annexed to Bavaria.
■ After introduction of Reformation at B. (1529) Bishops reside at Prunstrut.
Basel. 1792 see declared itself a Republic. 1793 annexed by French Republic.
1803 territory on right bank of Rhine ceded by France to Baden. 1814
territory on left bank assigned to Switzerland.
Brandenburg. Lutheran 1539; territory divided between Elector and local
nobility.
Bremen (Bremen-Hamburg) (Arcbbprc.). Lutheran from 1558. Duchy of
Bremen ceded to Sweden 1648 ; 1715 (confirmed, 1719) sold by Denmark
to Hanover ; 1866 annexed to Prussia.
Cologne (Archbprc.). 1801 territory on left bank of Rhine annexed to France,
1815 to Prussia. On right bank of Rhine divided between :
(a) Wied-Runkel (annexed 1806 to Nassau, 1815 to Prussia).
(5) Nassau-Usingen (anuex^ 1815 to Prussia).
(c) Hesse-Darmstadt (annexed 1815 to Prussia).
(«?) Aremberg (annexed 1815 to Prussia).
Constance. 1803 annexed to Baden. Its dependency Conzenberg in 1808
a fief of the Empire, 1806 annexed to Wurtemberg.
Eichstedt. 1803 created a principality for Arcbd, Ferdinand (as compensation
for Tuscany). 1805-6 annexed to Bavaria.
Preisingea. 1803 annexed to Bavaria.
Halberstadt 1486-1566 united with Magdeburg: 1648 annexed to Branden-
burg: 1807 to kingdom of Westphalia ; 1815 to Prussia.
Havelberg. 1548 practically annexed to Brandenburg.
Hiidwheim. 1803 annexed to Pru^ia: 1807 to Westphalia : 1813 to Hanover:
1866 to Prussia.
JU%e. 1801 annexed by France: 1815 transferred to Netherlands m princi-
pality of Li%e.
lilleck. 1803 annexed to Oldenburg ; 1842 to Holstein (In exchange).
Magdeburg (Arcbbprc. ). After 1566 administered by tempoml princes of
Brandenburg or Saxony. 1648 annexed to Brandenburg on death of
B. Aufwtus of Saxony (took effect 1680),
TABLE 146
Bialoprics of: ' ■
Maittz (Arclibprc.), 1801 terrltorf on left' bank of Rbine aimexeil to France :
. . . later^ divided between Hes^se-Darmstadt and Rbenkb Prussia.
1803 the remainder (in exchange for compensatory doiniBsons) ceded
by the Imperial Chancellor' and divided amongst : Hesse- Cassel, Heree-
Darmstadt^ Nassan-Usinge^ Leiningen, Loweiisteia- W’ertheiin^j Salm-
Eeifferscbeid-Eftibnr, and Prussia^ which In 1866 acquired the shares
•assigned to He^-Cassel and Nassau^Usingen^ and a portion of that of
Hesse-Darmstadt.
M,eissen. Protestant from 1380. .Merged in the Meissen Circle and iinitei
witli Saxony.
Merseburg. Protestant from 1561. Administered by Christian^ 3rd son of
John George I, EL of Saxony. Saxon prineipalltya unite*! with the
Electorate 1738. Ceded to Prussia 1815,
Metz. ' 1,648 formally ceded to France; Secularised in French .Revolution.
1871 part of territory ceded to Germany.
Minden. 1648 annexed to Brandenburg: 1807 to Westphalia; 1810 to the
.French Empi,'re ; 1813. to Prussia. ■
Munster. I7l8''1803 united with A.rchbprc. of Cologne and again ISIO,
. to Prussia. ' . .
Naumburg-Zeite. Protestant from 1564. 1652 Saxon principality for Maurice,
4th. son of John George L 1718 united with 'Electorate. 1815 greater
part ceded to Prussia.
Osnabruck. From 1648 the Bishop was alternately, Roman Catholic and
Protestant ; the latter .always of the House of Brunswick-Luneburg. 1803 .
annexed to Hanover: 1806 to Prussia: 1807 to Westphalia: 1810 to the
French., Empire: 181 4 to Hanover: 1866, to Fru»ia., ^
Paderborn. 1802 annexed to Prussia : confirmed 1803.
Passau. 1803 Western and lewer portion annexed to Bavaria, Eastern and
larger to Electorate of Sakburg, for the Grand Duke of Tuscany. 1805 the
whole to Bavaria.
Ratisbon. 1803 secularised and traoatsferred as principality of Ratisbon to the
Prince Frimas. 1810 trans.fe.rred to Bavaria.
Ratzeburg. Lutheraiiised by Bp. Christopher (II) of Mecklenburg (t 1592),
afterwards administered by Mecklenburg. 1648 annexed to Mecklenburg.
Salzburg (Archbpre.). 1802 assigned to Grand Duke Ferdinand of Ti»»aj
(except MCihldorf, annexed to Bavaria). 1805 ceded to Austria in exchange
for Wurzburg. 1809 annexed to Bavaria. 1814 reverts to Austria except
portion on left bank of Salza, remaining to Bavaria.
Schwerin. Lutheranised l&dO and from that date administered by princes of
Mecklenburg (Schwerin). Annexed to Mecklenburg*-S€hweriii 1648 as
compensation for Wismar.
Speier. 1801 torntoTj on left hmk of Rhine (the lesser portion) annexed to
France : 1814 to Bavaria.
1803 territory on right talk (the larger portion) annexed to Baden. 1789
outlying dependencies annexed by France, included in Alsace : 1815 part
of these ceded to Bavaria. 1871 the remainder annexed by the German
Empire (incL in Els«s-Lothiing«a).
TABLE 146
Bislioprics of :
Strassburg. 1803 teriitory on .riglit .bank of Ebiae simexei ; to ; Baden
(principality of Ettenbeim), . 1789 territory on left lank (iinder French,
sovereignty since 1648) incorporated in Departments of Lower and; Upper
Alsace. 1871 annexed by German Empire. . .
TouL 1648 formally ceded to France. Secularised in French Eevolution.
Trent (Archbprc.) and Brixeo. ' From 1511 reckoned as territorially belonging
to Tyrol. 1803 annexed to- Austrm, as compensation for Ortenau^ and
incorporated with Tyrol. .
Trier (Archbprc.). 1794 territory- on ' left . bank of the Rhine annexed to
France : 1803 to Prussia, except St Wendei, ceded to Coburg till 1834.
1803 territory on right bank annexed to Nassau- Weilburg : 1815 to Prussia,
with certain exceptions. 1866 the whole annexed to Prussia.
Verden. 1648 secularised and ceded'- to Sweden. ■ 1719 sold by Denmark to
Hanover.
Verdun. 1648 formally ceded to France. Secularised in French Revolution.
Worms. 1705 district of Eeithausen annexed to the Palatinate. 1801 territory
on left bank of the Rhine annexed to France: 1814-5 divided between
Bavaria and He^. 1803 tenitory on right bank of the Rhine annexed to
Hesse-Darmstadt .
Wurzburg. (1) 1803 major part annexed to Bavaria in compensation for
lost Rhine provinces, as a hereditary principality : 1805 ceded to Grand
Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany as compensation for Salzburg, 1815 restored
to Bavaria : 1866 small portion in north ceded by Bavaria to Prussia.
(2) 1^3 minor part divided between (1) P. of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein:
1806 transferred to Wurtemberg with the rest of Hohenlohe; (2) P. of
Leiningen ; 1806 transferred to Baden ; (3) principality of Aschaifenburg
(1810 part of grand duchy of Frankfort) : 1814 transferred to Bavaria with
Aschaffenburg ; (4) Wurtemberg; (5) Ansbach-Baireuth (Prussian princi-
palities of): 1806 ceded to Bavaria, 1810 to grand duchy of Wurzburg,
1814 to Bavaria and Wurtemberg.
PuMa, (Abbey declared exempt biabopric 1752.) 1803-^ ceded in com-
pensation to Nassau-Orange. ' 18IB to grand duchy of Frankfort* 1810
Herbstein ceded to Hesse-Darmstadt 1815 the rest to Prussia, but divided
between: (1) Prussia, (2) Electoral Hesse (1866 annexed by Prussia),
(3) Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and (4) Bavaria.
TABLE 14T
■i S 5
^ «5
■ 2 1
I g 4
C'l
■■ , . , , ^ iO
"i 8 'g '
p g
■.§* ®
«■ *S fe m
tH-j 'fcQ. |v.
'di» £& CJ5 O
^ ^ ^ *o
X-m '«!tl ^
55:2;:^;^
^ p g §
O O Hs *-»
gll i
JP** ' iH( ^ r^ . ■ ipM'
.2 « a
"I
TABLK 147 {continued^
' H ,''u
^ pfi fiS 4
Sil'f 1
iisi
^ S?
i i i g
z z ^ g
ss
S,.^ '>«✓ 'W' %«✓ *®=^
r-i i35
. . S Jt>»
11 ^ T
s «
■ - s i I
p, S ^
JT *0 Cft
, <i pH iM
3 I
1 ^ 0 ,
S *0 00
■;»o *0
■ 2 *0 *0
2 o
cc^ o^i
© CO
40 «5 ^
,40 »Q‘, ,, ri.
Hi fH ^
■g 12 ^g
w ” ^
« 'g -g
S •* 3
Sll
3 > >
■ CH >«H .
1 ^ 1 ;
14 lli, lath, 22 ud May 8 , 1672 ( 1 ) May 8 ~ J uu« 30
and 26lh (2) Feb. 8, 1670— Mar. 16 (24 i>rorogatu>i>!»)
(3) Jan. 10, 1680— Mar. 18 ( 18 prorogalioiis)
( 4 ) Ap. 19 , 1683 , <md dissolved
18th and 10th Jan. (16)30,1621 (1) Jan. OO—Nov, 14 Prorogued Jan. 16— 30
(2) Nov. 20— Deo. 18 Prorogued to Fob. 8, 1622 and then dia-
solved
21st and 22nd Feh. (12) 19,1624 Feb. 19 — May 29 Prorogued till Feb, 2, 1625 and subse«
* quentl}^ but expired Mar 27, 1626
a
PQ
;r«':
'•XS
g
4-' «
o' 13 '
C
o
U
o
B
B
■Q ■
u
i .1
S a
® j:-
a rM
CS Tfi
.S «5
gr»
S £0
4 ^
gs
'SE^' ®
fxs a
a
o , g.
tM O
O :o
© few
m Q
■§, ®
'©■
', &
B
t
s,
3
a
: o
&
*t3 c
2 3
S Ec
3 ^
■■ CD
m CD
o I
I sq- s ^
Q
<s
*X3 ,!r*
SJ o
04 P
©
r s
c
« nD'
5 ^
S.g
3 o
12 ©■
ft®*
P rjJ
ns ®
Sec?*
*3 s I
5 ■£. I
o
S
§
I
o
«M
O
S
S
m
1
.d
Q
»
« qj
I ^
r>: .?= .
CO
S a CD
SS^
eo «
2 «5
S 3
1^
■Ci ^
- - w 5®
^!T ?D S
»“! -4 ^
S C , CO
«8 »H
lefii , ^ •
^ ^ :pH ^
O ^
S CO
,. to
■p
^ «
40
CD
3
«!
1
AO'
03
CP
fHl
»:! CP
CD i«<
0 c
3 s
B
i>
iH
rn •»
e'S
r-j r-»i
SO* co"
rft ,
-S
■K
fP
.' >
DW.O
■*»
Csl
1
Sh
«
2f«
3
a qg
C<i ^
*tj
ff S
.. «8' «S
44 ns
m t ~4
r~i CO
031
■B s
:CD **
»-« X''
P
CP
S> j>
O* M. ».
12
GommomwealthL (May 10 , 1649 - Dec. 16, 1663)
f July 4, 1663 Asgembly of Nominees (^^Barebones* Pailiament **) declares Itself a FarlfatTient
(July 6), House of Commons only
I>ec, 12, resigns its powers to Lord«Oen. Oliver Cromwell]
[Sept. 3^ 16S4 Sept. 3*— Jan. 22, 1655 House of Commons only]
[Sept. 17^ 1656 (1) Sejit. 17 — ? 1656-7 House of Commons only, nearly
100 excluded
(2) Jan. 20, 1668— Feb. 4 House of Lords also]
eg fX( .
O
riq
d
o
I ^
.2 1
■S fc 12
h S '3 *
so 5 "
o ^ 13
Q , o o §
IP "
rH . 05
t-i ?o
, eo
o
©
Q
«rs
d
«s
a
I
05 ca
A «
w o
ca
o j 05
■ ^
f
ns
©
g
d
^5*
<1
lii
I
OD
§
to
.Ct*. ■
■CO'. ■
•CO
ST
Cisl
1
: r-1'
§ &■
f
1
“ S
(Si
CM
i
1
CO
■ »-4'
. o' ■
so
*1 &*
.§■
i.
05
2
rH § ^
(» fe-S ”
-3
CO 35?
^ § CD 40^
S ^ S eg
r-{ i CO
o
u
I,
II
Pn
i
! CO
.. I tH
^ or
> 4.5
o O
^ o
CO
CD CD
CO
“■'o''
2
44
S" o
02 O
(M CO tH iO CD In.
Sr
i
O
2 S
CO tgj
CD
M5
S<1
A ^
M tt
g
ot
i "
A O
rtS 'X5
2
S P
a
a O'
s ■ s
s I
® St*
B rt~ ®
» ® J
® . a ■
^ rH 'W ,
<
r0
®
a
■ sa)'
o^
7 os
i " S?:
o ^
r-! «-^
si a
t t
a (K—
:5t
Its
>.
-O' s»
■ ^
? s
jJO: •!,
'Hji 0«
^ 3
^ iJr
fe
au §
. § S'
^ 4i
Ji!*' W
^ i>*
Pn CD »— n
(WH ^ aipixi
Jjjj r-i ^
•rs *53
^ r-i, .
■®
O o 3
JC §
■g ,o ti
2 **-' S
as o
ns
•<
© 5
a a
iaD '«
o o
o *"
£
55 2 -e ?
§: i 11.
s I rs
■I s s
jM a
P-( 5Q
1
I
g
SH
as
%
a
u
a
o
<5
QQ
I
§
CM
(M
P# '
<
I i
^ Is
f>B CO
. rH '
2<Ci
I
I
ca
CD
I
«
I
CD
,J>.
O
!*««■
rsT
.
'. <S»
^1
J iSl
Is
ca
©
^ «» I
Hs r-<
4 i
!o z
«?? «?
I §
O P»
a< o
-*5 O
O rH. CM. CD
‘ rH ,rn i*>4 rt fH .
O
»H CO
•31
7 9
s
1
i~(
00 00
1> 1>-
■ r>- ^
CD CD
.' M ^
1
|*-s
S .o
1
s
*0: CD
. . si +3 . ■■
g
■ f-t' m ■
■N<«*>i’-W' - ■
'■ ^ C '
53
^ S
® s
r-i
S
r-4
'S’S
S
S tl
so
s
ns
'H
*5 <M
S
a >
. :.^ O.
>
' g
.CM
>»
I
1
05
. .(pH
I
■S
:.'9'
t
s
CO
U-2
ISiSi
(5)Nav. 9— 20 Prorogued coiitiiiually till dissolved by
proclamation July 2, 1687
[C*bnrmliofi of Estates Jan. 22, 1689; see Mow.]
William III (Feb. 13, 1089— Mar, 8, 1702)
Mary II (Feb. 13, 1089— Dec. 27, 1694)
Anne (Mar. 8, 1702 — Aug. 1, 1714)
let to 4th Oct. 20, 1702 (1) Oct. 20— Feb. 27, 1703
(2) Nov. 9— Ap. 3, 1704
(3) Oct. 24-Mar. 14, 1706 Dissolved Ap. 6, 1706
TABLE 147
S 2
' ^ s
'
0
*«
0 p£S'
S fi
c
1 ^
CU,
O I «s
“s I ':
,§ I
Pm ^ res
® I ®
S
§ « J
a
o
r-i
1>
P<
©
QD
a
o
p
'■«
0)
,•£'
aT
'p
3
iig
§ ^
I I
I-
© £j
*-♦ CO
■e«3
B *-? i
S' I >
O g
^ W i
a*-!;
C
« C>3|
so'
i=s
bi^ g)
2 I'g
S S 4:
g p O
< fi
ra tS
* o © s
J3 2
IP fee *23
O O PV
O P §
1 £
to
„ l—J
< JC-^
ixi V 3
3 ® 'tS.
■O' .'g
til
s .s s
. Ta a
4^1
CM *0 'gjL
iO
t-'*
, &
«*-» o
^ *>•
05 f>t
A Tjli
*< ffl
© S a, :pu
O Q '-s1 *<
/-s ./-s,
'fH Cn|, ,C0 '«#
Cto csi
O O «>• M4
}>, I*-* i>,
r-i ih* ^ r-(
O rH ^ ,J»
t>. O'! <5 23 Oa
^ OM 04 5 g
»-l <5 j3
A 1 I I '7
<< CO *o .*o I
^ rH !— i O'i l>
CO ■ > > > ■ ©
^ ® JP'
. szj s!; ::?; a
oa
*o
o
■,JC^
a
« ' O
N, Q
Ki^ ' ■
^.S
T
1^ s
O':
rH
Jt>*
g w g M
Q 53
O &
' >
CO ^
rH >>,
3
"o 7
*? I '-'
1 s «
■OS '.
"fe/g ^
•MCj ■ J«5«! *^*4
I
&i
rH
il^r
«5
I-
"I"
•$:
3 '43'
^■S
»P-
m
rH,
■ - ^
CO
. rH
na
g s
S
: '.S
;i'
t :;
rP "■
. .rC ^
CO , ; ,
1 :
' . 5
■
rH
2 o
rH ^
© l>
,a
P:
I
tH
rH
|s.
' ^ t:
'p ' S
< J
o
&
O
1
CO
2
:t
fer» ^
*0 rH
,!^ ©il
!>. 3
rH KrJ
7 . 1
iH - !>•
'S ^
(4) Nov, ll~~Ap. 18, 1719
(d)Nov. 23— June 11, 1720
(6) Dec. 8-»-Aug. 10, 1721
(7) Oct 19-Mar. 10, 1722
[SejE?fan«ial Ac^ henceforth regulates duration of Partiammiis,^
TABUEl 148
IMPERIAL DIETS
{Dates of assembly ^ from MM y meetings of Electors (Eurfurstentage) am
mt enumerated,}
1486
Frankfort,
1643
Nurnberg.
1489
Frankfort.
1644
Speier.
1491
■ Nuraljerg.
1646
Worms (removed to Eatisbon),
1496
Worms.
1647
Augsburg.
1496
lindau (removed to Worms).
1665
Augsburg,
1600
Augsbtirg.
1660
Eatisbon.
1601
Niirnberg.
1669
Augsburg.
1606
Cologne.
1670'
'Speier.;.',
1507
Constance,
■ ^ me
Eatisbon,
1610
Augsburg.
1682
Augsburg.
1612
Trier (removed to Cologne).
■1694
Eatisbon.
1618
Augsburg.
■ ^ 1697
Eatisbon,.
1621
Worms.
1603
Eatisbon,
1623
Nurnberg.
1608
Eatisbon.
1626
Speier. ,
1613
Eatisbon,
1629
Bpeier.
1623
Eatisbon.
1630
; ■ Augsbuig, ■ ■
1640
Eatisbon,
1632
Eatisbon.
1663
Eatisbon.
1641
Eatlsbon.
From 1663
Diet permanently In session
1642
S|ieier*
Eatisbon.
1642
Niimberg.
(1806 Dissolution of Empire.)
TABLE 149
CONGRESSES AND CONFERENCES
(SELECTION ONLY)
{Date! of opening only are given.)
1620 Field of tbe Clotk of Gold (Henry VIII and Francis I).
1630 Conference of Bologna (Charles V and Clement y II).
1632 Second Conference of Bologna (Charles V and Clement 11).
1552' Conferences of Lina and Fassan*
1.562 Conference of St Germain.
1565 Cxmference of Bayonne.
1 594 Conference of Heiibronn.
1600 Conferences of Bergen-op-2k)om and Boulogne.
1609 Conference of tbe Hague.
1633 Coni^ention of Heiibronn.
1634 Conventions of Frankfort and Worms*
1645 Congress of Westphalia.
1650 Congress of Nurnberg.-
1677 Congress of Nymegen.
1697 CongreM of Ilyswyk.
1710 Conference of Gertruydenberg.
1712 Congress of Utrecht.
1713 Conference of Bastatt.
1714 Congress of Baden.
1724 Congress of Cambrai.
' 1728 Congress of Soissons.
1748 Congress of Aix-larChapell.e. ■ , ^ ^ '
1762 Confereace* at Foatainebleaa aad Hubertasburg.
1790 CongreM of jEleichenhach. ■
1791 Conference of Fillnitas* .
1794 Congress of St Petersburg.
1797 ' Congress of Bastatt. . .
1800 Conference of Laneville.
1801 Conference of Amiens,.
1807 Conference of Tilsit.
1808 Congress of Krfnrt.
1814 Conference of Chatillon-snr-Beisae.
Conference at Paris.
■ Congr^ of 'Vienna. ■
Conference of Ghent.
1815 Conference at Paris.
1818 Conference of Abc-la-Chapelle*
1819 Conference of Vienna.
1820 Conference of Troppau.
1821 Conference of Lali^h.
1822 Preliminary Conference at Vienna.
Congress of Verona.
TABLE 149
1824 Conference of St Petersburg/
1827 Conferences of London.
1849 Conference at Berlin.
1850 Conference of Dresden.
Conference of London.
1856 Conference of Paris.
1871 Conference of London,
1878 Conference of Berlin.
1882 Conference at Tokid.
1886 Conference at Tokid.
1887 First British Colonial Conference.
1889 Conference at Berlin (Samoa question).
First Panamerican Conference at Waslungton
1899 First Peace Conference at the Hague.
Conference at W ashington (Alaska Boundary).
1900 Socialist Congress at Paris.
1905 Conference of Algeciras.
1007 Imperial British Colonial Conference.
Second Peace Conference at the Hague.
1908 International Naval Conference at London.
TABLE 160
LEAGUES AND ALLIANCES
(SELECTION ONLY)
148? Swaliiaa League founded (renewed 1512).
1405 League of tLe Fope^ tlie Emperor, Spain, Milan, and Venice against
' . France. .. .
149l> Ma:gam Intermrsm. (England and tLe Netherlands.) ,
1508 League of Cambrai,
1511 The Holy League. '
1512 Alliance of Scotland with France, and of Maximilian I with Julius H.
1514 Alliance #f Henry VIII and Louis XII.
1516 French Concordat with the Papacy.
1521 Alliance of Bruges (Henry VIII, Charles V, and Leo X).
152,2 Alliance of Windsor (Henry VIII and Charles V).
1524 Catholic Alliance of Ratishoa.
1526 League of Cognac. '
Alliance of Torgau.
1531 League of Schmalkalden.
1533 League of Halle.
1536 Alliance of France and the Porto.
1538 League of Niimberg.
1546 Alliance of Charles V and Paul III.
1547 League of Princes (against Charles V)*
1548 Alliance of Scotland and France. '
1551 Habsburg Family Compact.
1553 League of Heidelberg. ..
1558 Landsberg League.
1571 Triple Alliance (the Pope, Spain, and .Venice) against the Turks.
1576 French Catholic 'League formed. '
1577 Union of Brussels.
1578 League between Savoy and Swiss Catholic Cantona,
1579 Lei^ue of Arras and Union of Utrecht
1506 Alliance of England, France, and United Frovincea.
1607 Franco- Venetian Alliance with the Grisons.
1608 Union of Ahausen,
■Pressburg Alliance.
1600 German Catholic League,
1610 Alliance of Brwolo (France and Savoy against Milan).
1614 League of French Princes.
1633, ■ Alliance of Heilbronn.
1656 Alliance of England and France against Spain.
1658 Confederation of the Rhine.
1661 Defensive alliance of England and Bmndenburg,
1666 Quadruple AlEance (United Provinces, Denmark, Brandenhtirg, and
Brunswlek-Luneburg),
TABLE im {emtinmd%
1686
1680
1600
1701
1707
1700
1716
1717
1718
1726
1733
1743
1744
1668 Triple Alliance (England, United Province, and Sweden) against Fmnm.'
1670 Secret Alliance between Lonis XIV and diaries I.I..
1683 The Hague Alliance. ■:
1684 Tbe Holy League (tbe Emperor, Poland, and Venice) against tbe Turks. ; ■
168^ Alliance of Brandenburg and tbe United Provinces. . ■
Alliance of Brandenburg and tbe Emperor.
Augsburg Alliance.
First Grand Alliance,"
Alliance of Denmark, Poland, and Russia against Sweden.
Second Grand Alliance.
Perpetual Alliance of Sweden and Prussia.
Alliance of Denmark, Poland, and Russia against Sweden.
Alliance of Great Britain, Russia, Denmark, and Prussia against Sweden. :
Triple Alliance (France, Great Britain, and United I^rovinces).
Quadruple Alliance (tbe same and tbe Emperor).
First Vienna Alliance (Spain, tbe Emperor, and; tbe. Empire; 1726
joined by Russia).
Alliance of JHanover (Great Britain, France and Prussia ; 1726 joined by
United Provinces ; 1727 joined by Sweden and Denmark). *
First Bourbon Family Compact.
Alliance of Fontainebleau (Second Bourbon Family Compact).
Secret Alliance between Prussia and France,
Union of Frankfort.
Alliance of Austria and Russia,
Alliance of France and Sardinia.
Alliance of Denmark and France.
Convention of Westminster,
Defensive Alliance of Versailles (second Treaty 1767).
Third Bourbon Family Compact.
Confederation of Radom.
Confederation of Bar.
Alliance of France and Sweden.
Alliance of France with tbe American Colonies ; 1779 joined by Spain ;
1780 by Holland.
First Armed Neutrality.
Alliance of Austria and Russia against tbe Porte,
Tbe JMrsimbund^
Triple Alliance (Great Britain, United Provinces, and Prussia),
Alliance of Prwia with tbe Forte, and with Potod.
First Coalition (Prussia and Austria ; 1793 Joined by Great Britain,
Holland, Spain, and tbe Italian States).
1790 Second Coalition (Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Naples, and tbe Porte).
S«»nd Armed Neutrality. ■ ■ ' ' ' ' ' *
Swim Act of Mediation.
TbM Coalition (Great Britain, Austria, and Russia).
CoafWtemtion of tbe Rbine,
Powrtb Coolitioii (Great Britain, Prussia, and Riwaia),
Secprt AManee between Russia and Sweden,
1745
1746
1756
1761
1767
1768
1773
1778
1780
1785
1788
i7m
1792
1800
1803
im
im
im
1812 :
i h ,1 f , n
TABLE 1#0 (cmMnu^je
1813 Allianc© lietweeB Russia aBd Pnissia.
1814 .Qmdriipie AHiauce of Ghaumon-t
Congress of Vleaiia.-
1815 ' ^Defensive Triple AMiance of Great Britain., Austria, and F'ra,nce* ,
AlBance of the Bight Powers.
Hi© Holy .Alliance.
Renewal of Quadruple Alliance of CLatnnont. ■ ■
1818 Renewal of Quadruple Alliance of Cliauittonfc.
1833 Secret Alliance of Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
1845 The S&nderbund, .
1848 The DreikdmgBbundnm (Prussia,' Saxony, Hanover) and Union.
1850 The Germanic Confederation revived,
1851 Secret Allmnce between Austria and Prussia. ■
1854 ' Alliance of Great Britain and- France (18*55 Joined by Sardinia).
1883 ■ Alliance of South American States against Spain.
1866 Alliance of Italy and Prussia.
1872 The Drmkai^erbund (IBM remw^%
1876 Alliance between Servia and Bulgaria.
1878 Secret Befensive Alliance between Germany and Austria, .■
1882 Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, and Italy; renewed qulrwiuennially
■ 'Since), .. ,
1895 .■■'Alliance between France and Russia. - , . ■
1902 Alliance between Great Britain and Japan (1905 amplified).
TABLE 161
UNIVEBSmES FOUNDED FEOM 1450
(The dutes are where possible those of foundation. Bates enclosed in ( ) are those of.
second foundation. The names of uniwrsities which have ceased to exist or to hold
rank of unimrsitm are enclosed in I
I. EUROPE: ^
Geeat Bbitaik akb Ieelanb. .
Glasgow 1450.
Aberdeen 1495. ^ '
Edinbiirgb 1582.
Dublin (Trinity College) 1591.
Durham 1831.
London 1836 (1900),
Manchester^ Victoria U., 1880(1903).
[Ireland, Royal U. of, 1880.]
Wales, U. of, 189a" .:
■ Binn:ingbam 1900. ;
Liverpool 1903.
Leeds 1904.
Sheffield 1905.
BeKast, Queen's U. of, 1909.
Bristol 1909.
Ireland, National U. of, 1910.
Austeia-H unoaby,
Pressburg 1467.
Clausenburg 1580.
[Olmiitz 1581.]
Graz 1585 (1817).
[Salzburg 1623.]
Budapest 1635 (1769).
Innsbruck 1677 (1826).
Lemberg 1784 (1817).
Agram 1874,
Czemowiz 1875.
BinoiuM.
Ghent 1816,
li^ 1817*
Browils 1804.
[MaHnes 1804.}
BpIiOABIA.
Soiaim
DjwwAfti:.
^ Co-pmnlmgm 1479 {IW mi 17^).
Eeakcb. ' , .
Nantes 1463.;, ,
[Bourges 1464.]
[Eheims 1547*]
[Douai 1562,]
[Besan^on 1564.]
Dijon 1722.
[Imperial University 1808 (Univer-
sity of Prance).]
Lyon 1808.
Rennes 1808.
[Free Catholic Faculties 1875.]
Aix-en-Provence 1896.
Clermont-Ferrand 1896.
Lille 1896.
Marseilles 1896.
Nancy 1896.
Gbbmahy. ■■ ■
[Trier 1450.]
Oreifswald 1456.
Preiburg-L-B. 1457.
[Ingolstadt 1472.]
[Mainz 1477*]
Tubingen 1477.
[Wittenberg 1502.]
Marburg 1527 (1650),
Konigsberg 1544.
[Dillingen 1549.]
Jena 1557.
Braunsberg 1664 (1818).
[Heimstedt 1576.]
[Neustadt (Palatinate) 1578.]
Giessen 1607.
[Paderbom 1614.]
[Molsheim 1618,]
[Rinteln 1621.]
Strassburg 1621 (1872X
[Altorf 1623.]
TABLE l&l
Gemmsnw
: ;iEMl66S. ' .
[Lingen 168^.]
Haile 1603.
Breslau ,1762.
■' ; Gottingea' 1733.
[Fulda 1734.]
Erlaagen 1742.
Muaster 1780 (1902)^
[Stuttgart 1701.3
[LandsLut 1802.]
Berlin 1810.
[Eilwangen 1812,]
Bonn 1818,
Muaiciil826.
Gbeece,. ■
[Corfu 1824.]
Athe,nsl837.
Italy.
Macerata 1540.
Messina 1548.
Faraia 1549.
[Milan 1565.]
Sassari 1620 (1763)*
[Mantua 1625.]
Urbino 1671.
Camerino 1727.^
Cagliari 1764
Genoa 1812.
T«B N»OTEBLAKm
Leyden 1575.
[franeker 1585.]
Utroclit 1636.
Groningen 1815.
Amsterdam 1877.
Eussia.
Warsaw 1576 (1864). •
[Wilna' 1676.]
Kieff 1588(1833). ' , .
Borpat 163,2. '
[Abo 1640.] '
St Petersburg 1728 ■ (1819).
Moscow^ 1755 (1804).
Kamn 1804.
Ebarko,ffl804,
Helsingfors 1827#' '
Odessa ,1865.
Tomsk 1870. ,
Sebyia.
Belgrade (1864).
Sfaih. '
[Siguenza 1473.]
Toledo 1474.
Zaragossa 1474.
[Alcala 1499.]
Seville 1504.
Granada 1531.
, San Jago di Compostella 1532.
[Osuna 1548.] ,
[Gandia 1540.]
[Osma 1550.]
[Oribuela 1552.]
Oviedo 1580.
Barcelona 1506.
[Pamplona 1680.]
[Cervej-a 1717.]
Mailrid 1836.
Sweden.
Opsala 1477.
Lund 1666.
Stockliolm 1878.
Gdteborg 18^i7.
Nobway.
Cbristianla 1811.
POBTUOAL.
Coiinb»(1537) (1772).
,Ecwmania.
Jaasy IWO.
Bucbarest 1864
SWITJSEBLANO.
Basel 14^.
Z0rieL 1521 (1833).
[Lausanne 1537.]
Bern 1834.
Geneva 1873.
Fribourg 1889.
TumwsY.
Ck>iistaiirinople 1^)0.
TABJLtB 151 {cmtinmdX
China.
Peking 1867.
Siiansi (Imperial D.) 1902.
Hongkong 1910.
Japan.
Tokio 1868.
Kyoto 1897.
Philippine Islands.
Manila 1611.
Sybia.
Beirut 1875.
India.
Bombay 1857.
CaJcutta 1857.
Madras 1857.
Laiiope (Punjaub U.) 1882,
ABababad 1887.
[Aligbur.]
Annam,
Hanoi 1907.
m. AFRICA
South Africa.
Cape Town 1873.
IV. NORTH AMERICA
Dominion op Canada
Kingston (Queen's U.) 1840.
Montreal (U. Laval) 1852 (1878).
Lennoxville (U. of Bishop's College)
1863.
Winnipeg (U. of Manitoba) 1877.
Quebec 1678.
Windsor (U. of King's College) 1788,
Halifax (Dalhonsie U.) 1818.
Montreal (McGill U.) 1821.
Toronto 1827 (1906).
United States op America
The beauties are in { ).
Azabaica.
Southern U- (Greensboro) 1856,
Alabama (Tuscaloosa) 1885.
Aebeona.
Aris&ona (Tuscon) 1885.
Aakamsas.
Arkansas (Fayetteville) 1871.
Caiafobnia.
Tbe Pacific (San Jose) 1852,
California (iterkeley) 1869.
Southern CMifomia (Los Angela)
im.
Ldand Stanford Junior 1885^
OtmOBADO.
Colorado (Bonlier) 1861.
Denver (CJnlvewity Park) 1864. ^ '
Westeiin»t«r IW*
Columbia.
Georgetown (Washington) opened
1789.
George Washington (Washington)
1821.
Howard ( Washington) opened 1867.
Catholic U. of America (Washing-
ton) 1887.
Connecticut.
Yale (New Haven) 1701.
Wesleyan (Middletown) opened
Florida.
Florida (Gainesville) opened 1884,
John B. Stetson (De Land) 1887.
TABLE 151 (cmimmdji
United States of America (continued)
Geombu*
Georgia (Athens) 1785.
Mercer (Macoa) 18S8.
Atlanta 1867.
Clark (Sontk Atlanta) 1877*
Idahd.
Iclako (Moscow) 1888.
Iddinois.
Nortkwestem (Evanston) 1851.
Illinois (Urbana) 1867.
Chicago^ opened 1892.
James Millikin (Decatur) 1901-
Indiana-
Vincennes 1806-
Indiana (Bloomington) 1828,
De Pauw (Greencastle) opened 1837.
Notre Dame 1844.
Taylor (Upland) 1840.
Valparaiso 1907.
lOWA-
lowa Wesleyan (Mount Pleasant)
opened 1844.
State U. of Iowa (Iowa City) 1847.
Central U. of Iowa (Pella) 1853.
Upper Iowa (Fayette) 1856.
Eansas.
Baker (Baldwin) 1858.
JKan»« (I^wrence) 1864.
Ottawa 1865.
Higbknd 1867.
Emsm City 1894
Kmmmr*
Central U. of Kentucky (Danville)
1819.
Transylvania (Leiington) opened
1838.
Lonlaraie 1837.
State U. (Lexington) 1865.
Lootsiana.
Tnlane U. of Louisiana (New Or-
leans) 1845.
Leland (New Orleans) 1870.
Louisiana State U. (Baton Eougi)
im^
Maine.
Maine (Orono) 1865.
MARYIiAND.
Johns Hopkins (Baltimore) 1867.
Massachusetts.
Harvard (Cambridge) 1650*
Boston 1869.
Clark (Worcester) 1887.
Michigan.
Michigan (Ann Arbor) 1837-
Minnesota,
Minnesota (Minneapolis) 1851.
Hamline (St Paul) 1854.
St John*s (Collegevilk) 1857.
Mi^issippi.
Mississippi 1844.
Rust (Holly Springs) 1872,
Missouet,
St Louis 1832.
Missouri (Columbia) 1839.
Christian (Canton) 1853.
Washington (St Louis) 1853.
MoitTANA.
; Montana (Misiouia) 1893.
■MlBEAgEA,
Nebraska (Lincoln) 1869.
Nebraska Wesleyan (University
Place) 1886.
Cotner (Bethany) opened 1889,
Nevada.
Nevada (Reno) opened 1886,
New Jersey. .
Princeton 1746.
New Mexico,
New Mexico (Aibiiii|TOrqiie) 1889.
New Voee.
Union (Schenectady) 1795.
Columbia (New York) 1810.
Colgate {Hamilton) opened 1819.
New York U. 1831 (iWS),
TABLE Idl {mdinm^
CJifiTED SfATBs OF AMERICA (oonUfiued)
New York (emiinmd)»
Pordham (New York) 1846.
Roekester 1850.
St Lawreace (Canton) 1856.
Alfred (Alfred) 1857,
Cornell (Itiaca) 1865.
Syracuse 187L
Niagara 1883.
North Carolina.
Shaw (Raleigh) 1875.
North Dakota,
N. Dakota (University) 1883.
Ohio.
OMo (Athens) 1804.
Miami (Oxford) 1809.
Denison (Granville) 1832.
Otterhein (Westerville) 1849.
Capital (Columbus) 1850,
Heidelberg (TiMn) 1851.
Baldwin (Berea) 1854.
Wilberforee 1856.
Wooster 18G6.
Ohio State (Columbus) 1870.
Cincinnati opened 1874.
Oklahoma.
Oklahoma (Norman) 1892.
Epworth (Oklahoma) 1903,
Obeoon,
Willamette (Salem) 1853.
Pacific (Forest Grove) 1854. ■
Oregon (Eugene) opened 1876.
Pbi^hsylvaota.
Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) 1755.
Pittsburg 1819.
Bucknell (Lewisburg) 1846.
Lincoln, opmaed 1854.
Lehigh (South Bethlehem) 18^.
Temple (Philadelphia) 1^8.
Susquehanna (SeRosgrove) 1^4
Rkoob lAAim.
Binwn (Pwvideiiee) npenM 1764 .
South Carolina, . .
South Carolina (Columbia) 1801.
Furman (Greenville) 1850.
Claflin (Orangeburg) 1869.,
Allen (Columbia) opened 1881.
■South Dakota. .
South Dakota (Vermilion) 1862.
Dakota Wesleyan (Mitchell) 1883.
Tennessee. .
Tennessee (Knoxville) 1794.
Nashville T826.
Cumberland (Lebanon) 1843.
U. of the South (Sewanee) 1858.
Walden (Nashville) 1866.
Chattanooga, opened 1867.
Fisk (Nashville) 1867.
Vanderbilt (Nashville) 1872,.
Lincoln Memorial (Cumberland Gap)
■1897..' ' '
Texas.
Baylor (Waco) 1845.
St Mary's (Galveston) 1856.
Trinity (Waxahachie) 1871.
Fort Worth 1881.
Texas (Austin) opened 1883.
Utah.
Utah (Salt Lake City) opened 1850.
Vermont.
Vermont (Burlington) 1791.
ViEOlNlA.
Washington and Lee (Lexington)
1782.
Virginia Union (Richmond) 1896.
Washington.
George Washington (Seattle) 1859.
Puget Sound (Tacoma) opened 1903.
West Virginia,
West Virginia (Morgantown) 1868.
Wl^NSlN,
Wisconsin (Madison) 1838.
Northwestern U. (Watertown) 1867.
Wyoming.
Wyoming (Laramie) 1886.
TABLE 161 (oow^wtieii)/
T. SOUTH , AMERICA
SorTH America.
Ab.ge;vtine Repitbeic,
Cordoba 1613.
, ' : Buenos, Aires 1B21. , ,
La Plata 1005.
Chim,
U. of Chili (Santiago) 1743.
■ Colombia.
National U. (Bogota) 1807.
Eciudob.
Centra! U. of Ecuador (Quito) 1787
(1805),
Paraguay. ;
National. U,, (Asuncion) 1890.
AND M"EST .INDIES ■ .
Bovtb^ Amfmica (mUbiimd),
'Peru,.
U. of St '.Mark (Lima) 1553,
Uruouay.
MonteYideo 1870.
Ve.NEZLTBLA.
Central U. of Fetiezuela (Ca.racas)
1721. ,. ■
CeXTRA.L AMEaiCA.
Salya.i>or.
San Salvador.
West Inmes.
Cuba. ,
Havana 1728. ■
?I. AUSTRALASIA
C0MM.0NWE.A.LTH OF Australia.
New South Wales.
■ Sydney 1850.
. ■. Victoria, : ■
Melbourne 1853,
€o.MMONWEALT.e.: OF A.ustr,ai«ia ( emfinm 4 %.
South Australia.
■ Adelaide 1872,
■■ . 1‘asmania.
Hobart (U. of Tasmania) 1800.
New Zbalahd 1870.
0 , m. «r.
IS
n
GEXERAL INDEX
208
explanatory note
Kings, qaeens, queens-consort, royal princes and princesses, arclidnkes, arch-
duchesses, popes and cardinals, are to be found as a rule under their Christiaii
names (or, in the last instance, surnames). Grand-dukes, dukes, electors and other
territorial princes of lesser rank are to be found under the names of their States.
Bishops of the British Isles appear under their ordinary surnames, those of other
countries (unless they are cardinals or, in rare cases, specially mentioned hy name
only in the text, and in one or two instances of obscure Polish bishoprics) under
their sees. Noblemen are under their highest or best-known titles. Exceptions
have been made where a strict following of rule would seem pedantic, as in the
case of the Cromwells or of Colbert, of Napoleon Fs marshals and others, and in
the case also of a few men whose titles do not appear in the book. These have been
put under their well-known names.
The principle of arrangement of long headings under a single name (in different
forms) Anna, Anne,*' Maria, Marie,” has been that of the alphabetical order of
the countries to which the name is attached. Thus a queen of France would
precede a queen of Spain of the same name. When a second name follows the
first that has been taken as the alphabetical guide.
For compound names of persons the ordinary rules have been followed. Where
in the text a name is preceded by a preposition the order is here reversed ; for
example, Gallars, Nicholas de; where a name is made up of a preposition and
article, the article precedes, the preposition follows ; for example, La Motte Fouque,
F, H. K. de; where the preposition and article have formed a compound, as in
Bu Bellay, Della Casa, the compound precedes. But occasional allowance has been
made on this point for family usage, and here, as elsewhere throughout the Index,
cross-references have been carefully added where doubt might arise.
Compound names of places have been treated as one word, as for example.
La Hogue, St Domingo, Fort Arthur, Cape Passaro, with the single exception of
those beginning with Fort, which it seemed possible to group under Fort.
In the case of the Greater States it has not been found possible to give more
than the main references from which their continuous history may be drawn. For
the slighter references the Indexes of the individual volumes must be consulted.
To the names of persons and places a number of Subject Headings have been
added. In general comprehensive headings, such as Religion, Church, Catholics,
Protestants, have been avoided. More limited sections of such subjects, however,
as for instance. Toleration, Calvinists, Lutherans, and even Huguenots, have been
included.
GENERAL INDEX
Aaclieii, Charles T crowned at (1520), n
42, 139, 417; Catholicism in, iii 156,
163; ecclesiastical troubles in, 705-8,
712, 715, 718; Protestants in, iv 10;
decay of, 420; vi 689; Gustavus HI at,
783; capitulates (1793), Yni265; spinning
mills near, x 754
- Peace of (1668), v 39, 153 sq.,
200, 373, 443, 650; 4748), vi 117, 243.
249 sq., 273, 319, 331 sq., 363; Frederick
the Great and, 398; and America, 411;
and India, 537 sq. ; Charles III and,
597; 608; and Corsica, 609; 622; 640;
642
Congress of (1818), vn 367 sq,, ix
666, 761, X 12, 14 sqq., 56, 69, 353; and
Baden, 362; 364; xii 729
Aalborg, siege and capture of (1531), n
615; capture of Banish horse at, iv l02;
port of, VI 737
Aar river, Charles of Lorraine at, vi 247
Aarau, Treaty of, vi 611, 613
Aargau, added to Swiss confederation
(1415), II 306; ix 427; subject to Bern,
VI 613, IX 600 sq., 670; xi 236; 240;
joins the Siebnerkonkordaty 242 ; 244 ;
and the Articles of Baden, 246 ; suppres-
sion of monasteries in, 246 sq., 248 ; 251 ;
industries of, 259
Aarhuus, port of, vi 737
Ove Bilde, Bishop of, ii 616
Aasen, Ivar, Norwegian philologist, xi 701
Abancourt, Gharles-X.-J.-Franqueviile de,
French Minister of War, viii 406
Ahaya, Lake, discovered, xii 813
Abaza, Bussian Minister of Finance, xn
309; 312
Abb4s I, Ticeroy of Egypt, xir 429 sq.
II, Viceroy of Egypt, xn 454
II, Shah of Persia, vi 518; 527
Pasha, X 550
Abbeville, ethnological discoveries at, xit
772
Abbot, Charles, Colohester, Lord
George, Archbishop of Canterbury,
III 560; appeal of Commons to, iv 260
Abbott, James, in Afghanistan, xir 800
Abd-el-Aziz, Sultan of Morocco, xn 132 sq.
Abd-el-KAder, Algerian chief, x 503 sqq.
Abd-el-Kader, Egyptian Pasha, xn 441
Abd-ui-Aziz, Sultan of Turkey, accession
of, XI 636; 637 ; 639; xii 381; 383;
death of, 385; 430; and Ismail, Viceroy
of Egypt, 432 ; 439
Ahd-ui>Hamid I, Sultan of Turkey, death
of, vni 326; ix 388
II, Sultan of Turkey, xi 637 ; xii 14;
33 ; accession of, 385 ; 386 sq. ; and
Eastern Eumelia, 408 ; 416 ; and the
Armenian massacres, 417 sq. ; and Crete,
419; and the war with Greece, 420 sq. ;
and Macedonian reform, 425 sq.; deposed,
428; and Egyptian affairs, 435 sqq., 445
Abd-ul-Kerim, Ottoman commander, xn
388
Abdullah, Pasha of Acre, x 549
Abdulla Jan, son of Sher Ali, xii 460; 465;
death of, 469
Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of Turkey, x 562;
XI 18; reforms by, 275 sq. ; 314; 316;
and the Treaty of Paris, 323 sq.; death
of, 636
Abdulmelek, Emperor of Morocco, ni 597
Abdurrahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan,
xn 34 sq. ; 459 ; 467 ; 469 ; becomes Amir,
471 eq.; 475; and the frontier question,
478; and Lord Bufferin, ib.i relations
of, with Great Britain, 482 sq.; death
of, 483; 488; 490
Ahdy Bey, Turkish Court jester, x 556
Abel, Karl von, Bavarian statesman, xi 61
Abell, Thomas, trial and execution of, ii
443 sq.
Abenaki, The, vii 95, 101
Abensberg, battle of (1809), ix 349
Abercrombie, James, vii 126, 132
Abercromby, Sir Balph, vm 617; Com-
mander-in-Chief in Ireland, ix 701 ; in
the West Indies, 749
Aberdeen, Episcopal clergy of, and the
penal laws, v 290 ; Jacobites at, vi 98,
103, 116
George Hamilton-GorJon, 4th Earl
of, vn 391, 671 ; and the Greek
Question, x 200, 203 ; and the agreement
with France (1830), 482 sq.; Colonial
Secretary, 667 ; xi 2; and the Scottish
Church, 6 sq.j 10; foreign policy of,
210
General Indetx.
16 sq. ; 21 ; 31 ; 38 ; forms a coalition
ministry (1852), 309 sq.; 312; and the
question of war with Biissia, 315 sq. ;
resigns, 320; character of, ib, ; 346;
379 ; and the Spanish marriages, 554 j
XII 683
Aberdeenshire, elections in, vi 93 ; 98
Abeshr (Wadai), explorers at, xii 811
Abhorrers, English party (1679), v 226
Abjuiration, Act of, at the Hague (1581),
^ m 254
Abo, surrender of (1563), iv 162 ; taken by
Charles IX (1597), 172 ; free school of,
founded by G-ustavus Adolphus, 187;
VI 314 ; Peace of, 761, 782
— — Michael Agrieola, Ordinary (and
Bishop) of, n 629
Skytte, Bishop of, ii 628
Abomey, explorers at, xii 807
Abonyi, Louis, Hungarian novelist, xi 430
Aborigines Protection Society, xi 788 ; and
the Congo State, xn 663
Aboukir, French fleet at (1798), viii 604,
625; Turkish defeat at (1799), 614 sq.,
674 ; Mehemet Ali at, x 547 ; rebel army
at, XII 437
About, Edmond, French writer, xi 526
Abraham, Plains of, vn 139 sqq.
Abrantes, Lippe’s army at, vi 369 ; Welles-
ley’s army at, ix 451
Abrial, Andrd-Josepb, Comte, Minister of
Justice (1801), IX 9
Abruzzi, Luigi (of Savoy-Aosta), Duke of
the. Polar expedition of, xii 795, 815
Abruzzo, peasant movement in, xi 536;
542
Abu Hamed, taken by Egyptian troops,
XII 448
Abyat, crypto-Socinian leader in Poland,
III 80 sq.
Abyssinia, the war in (1868), xi 752 sq. ;
XII 3 ; the Italian campaign in, 240 sq. ;
343; war in (1875), '440; the Mahdi
and, 444; 449; 659; Italy and, 664;
805; explorers in, 806, 813; 811
Academies, Humanistic teaching and, i
553 sq. ; in Florence, the Platonic,
559 sq. ; in Borne, 560 ; in Naples, ib. ;
in Yenice, Aide’s, the Neacadeviia^ 561,
563 ; in various Italian towns, iK ;
of the JElevati, ii 384; the Modenese,
386 sq. ; the Platonic, of Florence,
702 ; under Cosimo de’ Medici, m
394; spread of, 469 sq. ; AJeademia
Jagielloriskaj 77 ; Academie frangaise con-
stituted, IV 156 ; followed by others, v
741; Colbert and five new French, 15;
Academie des Sciences^ 715, 741 ; AcaMmie
des Inscriptions, and historical research
in the eighteenth century, xii 817, 829 ;
decline of literary, in Italy, v 118;
scientific in general, 739 sqq. ; English
scientific, 740;, Austrian scientific, 741;
Prussian, of 1696 and 1700, 670; of
Elector Frederick HI, 741 ; Bussian, of
Theodore III, 519 ; of Peter the Great,
547, 741
.\eadia, Anglo-French struggle for, iv 747 ;
assigned to England (1631), v 442 ;
Acadians driven from, vi 337 ; disputed
governorship of, vii 23 ; 72 ; ceded to
England (1656), 75; restored to France
(1667), 89; ceded to England (1713), 95,
109 ; history of, 110 sqq. ; transferred to
Britain (1763), x 685. See also Nova
Scotia
Acapulco, trade of, with Manila, x 255
Acarnania, insurrection in, xi 279
Acciaiuoli, Donato, translation of L. Bruni’s
History of Florence by, iii 471
Franco. See Athens, Duke of
Aeeialli, Treaty of, xii 240
Accoramhoni, Vittoria, iii 427 sqq.
Achaltsik, acquired by Bussia (1829), x 444,
XI 274
Achard, Charles Franqois, attempts to manu-
facture sugar from beetroot, ix 377
Ach6, de, French naval officer, vi 547 sq.
French royalist, tries to effect a rising
in Normandy, IX 136
Achin, English East India Company and,
rv 731; Dutch war with, xii 243 sqq.,
669; 248
Achmet Aga of Dospad, xii 384
A’Court, Sir William. See Heytesbury
Acqs (or Dax), Franejois de Noailles, Bishop
of, ambassador to England (1556), ii 544
sqq., 548 ; in 266 ; ambassador to the
Porte, 137
Aoqua Felice, Sixtus V and, in 441
Aequaviva, Father Claudio, fifth Jesuit
General, in 448, 766
Acqui, Austrian retreat to (1796), vm
566 sq.
Acre, besieged (1190), v 630, (1799), vni
610 sqq., (1831), x 649; Sultan’s messen-
gers killed at, ix 385; 387; captured by
Ibrahim Pasha (1832), x 549; offered to
Mehemet Ali, 553, 560, 566 sq., 569, 571;
the divan meshura at, 559; surrender of
(1840), 571
Acs, Hungarian camp at, xi 210
Act of Grace, English, of May, 1690,
V 260
Act of Mediation, Swiss (1803), xi 236 sqq.
Act of Neutralisation, Swiss (1815), xi
238 sq.
Act of Besumption, of all grants of Irish
forfeited estates (Ap, 1700), v 323
Act of Seclusion (Dutch), GromweU and,
V 141 sqq. ; reception of, in the Union,
143 sq. ; rescinded, 148
Act of Security, Scottish (1703-4), v 298
Act of Settlement, English (1701), v 275,
277 ; repeal of two clauses of, 464 ;
and the Electress Sophia, vi 8 sqq. : of
Ireland (1662), v 302 sq.; repealed by
the Irish Parliament (1689), 310
Act of the Six Articles (1539), n 450;
results of, 466 sq. ; failure of, 477
General Index.
211
Acl of SaccessiOB (1,534)5 ,:ii. 442, (1536), 445
Act of Supremacy, Heary (1534),.
u 442, .Eiimbelb^s, (1559), 567 sp, ;:
first results of, m 284 ; in later action,
340 sqq.,. 349
Act of Uniformity' (1549), !!■ 485, (1552),
507 sq., Elizabeth’s (1559), 569; first
results of, in 284; enforcement of, 340
sqq. ; of 1662, character and results of,
¥ 98 sqq.; 329 sqq.
Act of Union, between England and Scot-
land, ti, 90 sqq., Chap, in passim
Act of Union, of Ureat Britain and Ireland,
IX 702 sqq., Chap, xxn passim
“ Act of Union and Security, ” of Grnsta-
¥ns III of Sweden, vi 781 ■
Acta Augustana, hy Martin Luther, n 133
Aetium, sea-fight off (1538), m 114
Acto Addieionalf Portuguese, of Saldanha,
XI 573
Acton, John Emerioh Edward Dalherg-
Acton, Lord, V 2 ; 253; 616; 617; yi 85 ;
xn 766; 841; 848
— — Sir John Francis Edward, Prime
Minister of Naples, vm 650 sq., 778
Aculhuaqu4 (*‘ Strong men”), Mexicans,
I 38
Acuna, Alonzo Osorio de. See Zamora,
Bishop of
Diego Sarmiento de. See Gondomar
Adair, Sir Bohert, British ambassador, ix
309; 389; x 542
Adalbert, St, v 629
Adam, Edmond, Parisian official, xi 113
Adami, Adam, Bishop. See Hildesheim
Adams, Charles Francis, American Minis-
ter in London, vn 399, 610, 640; xi
336 sq. ; xii 21
Henry, historian, xn 841
John, President of the United States
(1797-1801), VI 461; vii 146, 151, 154,
164, 189, 232; elected Vice-President,
315 sq.; elected President, 320 sqq., 324,
372, 730; and Spanish America, x 280
John Couch, astronomer, xii 768
John Quincy, President of the United
States (1825-9), vii 350, 363, 365 sq., 371,
373 sq., 378 sq,
Samuel, American statesman, vn
146, 159 sqq., 173, 182, 189, 197, 730
Thomas, major, defeats Mir Kasim,
VI 561; 562
William, and Japanese trade, iv 740
Adana, occupied by the Egyptian army
(1832), X 550; 563 sq.^
Adasheff, Alexis, favourite of Ivan the
Terrible, v 489
Adda, Count de, papal Nuncio in England,
V 235
Addington, Henry. See Sidmouth, Ist
Viscount
Addison, Joseph, French influence on, v
70; 122; 133; 271; Onto, 474; 476 sqq.;
succeeded as Secretary by Craggs, vi 30 ;
X 696; 699
Adelaide, capital of South Australia, xi 792
.sq*; 798; industries of,. xn 623; 624; the
federation.' question, .at, 631; University
^ of, founded, 627
Adelaide, Madame (Princess Eugtoe-Louise-
■ Adelaide . of Orlea,ns), sister of Louis-
Philippe, X 479 ; 484
Adelantado (admiral), of Castile. See
Padilla, Martin de
Adeler, .'Kort., Norwegian admiral, v 561
Adelfi^ secret society, in Lecce, x ill
Adehnann, .Bernhard, von Adeimannsfel-
den, German reformer, n 13S
Aden, attacked by Turkish fleet, in 117
Aderklau, Archduke Charles attacks the
French at (1809), ix 353
Adet, . Pierre-Auguste, French Minister to
the, United States, vn 320
Adige river, French army" on, v 402; vi
153; crossed by the allies (1735), 154;
Austrian retreat towards (1800), ix 68 ; 69
Adil Khan, ruler of Goa, i 31
Adlerberg, Count Vladimir, xi 614
Adlersparre, George, Count, Swedish gen-
eral, forces abdication of Gustavus IV,
IX 323
Admiralty, Courts of, in the American
colonies, contested jurisdiction of, and
the War of Independence, vii 184 sqq.
See also Navies
Admiralty Colleges of Holland, Zeeland
and the North Quarter, iii 621
Adolphus Frederick, King of Sweden, vi
354; 741 sq.; 761 sqq.; death of, 766
John, Prince, brother of Charles K
of Sweden, iv 587; 590; v 563
Adorno, Botta, Austrian general, Begent in
Tuscany, vi 601; 608
Adowah, battle of, xn 219, 241, 447, 664
Adrian IV (Nicholas Breakspeare), Pope,
Northern mission of, ii 601 ; and the
donation of Ireland, ni 582, 585
VI (Adrian Boyers of Utrecht), Pope,
the fall of Bhodes and, i 94; Spanish
regent, 368, 372 sqq., 457 ; at Louvain
University, 436, 674; Church reform and,
678 ; Erasmus and, 682 ; failure of, 691 ;
election of, ii 20, 44, 378, 418; reign and
character of, 19 sqq. ; reasons for failure
of, 27; reforming policy of, 32, 170 sqq.,
378,400,641; Bavaria and, 169; Gus-
tavus Vasa and, 623; in 186; v 635
Patriarch of Bussia, v 530
Adrian!, Giovanni Battista, m 394
Adriano de Corneto. See Castellesi, Car-
dinal
Mateo, Melanohthon and, n 402
Adrianople, Mohammad IV in, v 353 ;
Turkish army at, 359; Tokolyi at, 364,
366 ; X 556 ; Peace of (1713), v 607 ;
Treaty of (1829), x 98, 200, 202 sq., 444,
481, 545, XI 274, 281, and Moldo-
Wallachia, 281 sq., and Servia, 284;
Bussian occupation of, xn 389; 390 sq. ;
426
212
General Index . .
Adriatic Bea, ti 241; Venice and, 605;
British evacuation of places on, ix 77 ;
tribute from the islands of, x 172; Greek
piracy in, 186; Keapolitan fleet in, xi
85; 3G6
Adwalton Moor, Fairfaxes defeated at, iv S13
Adullamites, faction of the, xi 339
Advancement of Learning, Bacon’s, iii 377
Aegean Sea, Venetians lose their islands in,
III 115-6; tribute from the islands of,
X 172; Greek piracy in, 186
Aegidius of Viterbo, i 648; ii 8, 28; at
Fifth Lateran Council, 30 sq.q.
Aegina, surrendered by Venice to the Turks,
m 116
Aegineta, Petrus (Greek professor at Flor-
ence), II 16
Aehrenthal, Baron Aloys L. B., Austrian
statesman, xii 211
Aeneas Sylvius. See Pius II, Pope
Aerschot, Philip de Croy, Prince of Chimay,
Duke of, HI 190, 194, 214, 226, 232, 244,
245, 248, 250
Aerssens, Francis van (Franz van Aerssen),
lord of Sommelsdijk, ni 649, 651, 655;
councillor of Frederick Henry, iv 690;
appeals to Bichelieu for help, 691;
negotiations of, in England, 701
^sop, Bussian translation of, v 529
Assens, victory of Christian III over Lu-
beck at, ii 230, 615
Aiffane, ford of, in 594
Affonso V, King of Portugal, the Guinea
trade and, i 16 ; schemes of exploration
and, 19, 21
Affre, Benis-Auguste. See Paris, Arch-
bishops of
Affry, Louis-Auguste-Augustin, Comte de,
lieutenant-general, French envoy at the
Hague, VI 343
•— — Louis - Auguste - Philippe, Comte de
(son of above), appointed Landammann
of the Swiss Confederation, ix 423
Afghan Boundary Commission, xii 477 sq.
Afghanistan, the Emperor B4bar in, vi 508
sq. ; 510 sqq.; 517; Shah Jehan in, 518;
insurrection in, 521 ; 524 ; physical
features of, 526 sqq. ; and Oudh, ix 721 ;
British mission to, 732; history of (1815-
69), VoL XI, Chap, xxvr; Eussia and, G32;
affairs in (1863-1907), xii, Chap, xvr
passim; 4; British war with, 34, 36 sq.;
56; 161; Bussia and, 343; political
mission to, 800
Afiz, Pasha of Nissa, ix 387
Africa, exploration of, i 13 sqq., 17, 20;
English and Butch in, v 108, 149, 179 ;
Brandenburg colony in, 647; European
settlements in, 691 sqq. ; vi 151 ; colonisa-
tion of, 184 ; the slave trade in, 186 sqq. ;
the European Powers in, 187 sqq. ;
Moslem States of, ix 385 ; and the slave
trade, x 19; xir 3 sq.; British progress
in, 47; 94; the French in, 128 sqq., 159;
German colonisation in, 160 sq., 167,
172 ; Italy and, 219, 240 ; the Portuguese
in, 270; the colonisation and partition
of, 657 sqq,; exploration in, 805 sqq.
Africa, Central, opening up of, xii 255 sq. ;
635
South, English and Dutch in (1850-
70), VoL XI, Chap, xxvii (3); British
rule in, 761 ; Union of, xii 2; 39; Chinese
labour in, 54; British emigration to, 63 ;
603; affairs in (1871-1910), 635 sqq.;
England and, 658; 734
West, the West Indies and, iv 759;
XII 658 sq.
African Association, vi 188, xii 805 sq.
Company, Swedish (1647), iv 759;
English (1618), 759; English (1631), 759;
French (West) (1626), 759 ; vi 173. See
also Boyal African Company, British East
and South African Companies, etc.
Society (German), xii 658
Trading Company (Brandenburg),
v 647
Africander Bond, in South Africa, xii 638
Afridis, The, attack British posts, xii 488
Afrosina, Tsarevich Alexis’ mistress, v
539 sq.
Aftonblad, Swedish journal, xi 685
Afzal, son of Dost Mohammad, xii 459
• Khan, general of the Bijapur army,
VI 521
Agadem, explorers in, xii 807
Agades, explorers in, xn 810
Agassiz, Louis, naturalist, xi 260
Agen, j^publican attack on, xi 137
Matteo Bandelio, Bishop of, ii 15;
the novels of, iii 368, 467 sq.
Agenois, peasants’ rising in, in 664
Agnadello, Venetian defeat at (1509), 1 132,
246
Agnew, Patrick Alexander Vans, British
official in India, xi 740
Agordat, Italian success at, xii 240
Agostini, Agostino de (Wolsey’s physician),
II 434
Agoult, Antoine- Jean, Vicomte de, viii 156
Agra, William Plawkins at, iv 741 ; English
factory at, 742; captured by Babar, vi
509; 511; Emperor Shah Jeh4n pro-
claimed at, 517 ; 519 sq. ; 523 sqq. ;
Sindhia seizes, ix 718 ; 719, 725 ; British
capture of, 726; presidency of, xi 731;
738; relief of (1857), 747
and Oudh, United Provinces of,
XII 495
Agram, revolutionary movement at, xi 156 ;
Croato- Slavonic Diet at, 179 sq. ; disturb-
ances at, XII 198, 209
Agrarian revolution, in England. See
England '
‘‘Agreement of the People,” iv 345; 353:
V 327 sq.
Agricola, Georgius. See Bauer, George
Johann, Lutheran theologian, ii 201,
264
Michael. See Abo
General Index. 213
Agricok, Budolf (Koelof Huysmann), i 436,
\569, §72, 634
— — Stephen, Lutheran theologian at
the Conference of Marburg, ii 207
Aguesseau, Hemi-Fran^ois de, Chancellor
of France, vi 129 8q<l.; 162; ix X65;
167. sq, . ■
Aguila, Don Juan del, Spanish general in
Ireland, in 532
Aguinaido, Emilio, Filipino leader, vn
679; 2 II 530 sq.
Ahalya Bai, 'IX 727 ■.
Ahariow, forest of, m 595
Ahlden, Sophia Dorothea at, vi 3
Ahmad I, Sultan, m 700
II, Sultan, V 369
Ill, Saltan, v 604 sqq.
Pasha, in 123; murdered, 124
Pasha, Turkish admiral, x 562
Shah Abdali, Afghan ruler, vi 524
Vefyk Effendi, Turkish ambassador
in Paris, xi 636
Ahmadabad, English factory at, iv 742;
captured, vi 576
Ahmadnagar, kingdom of, vi 512 ; 515 ;
Khan Jehan in, 517; 518; 623 ; Wellesley
captures, IX 726
Aidzu clan and daimios, VoL xi, Chap,
XXVIII (2), passim
Aigues Mortes, conference of Charles V and
Francis I at (1538), ii 73, 98, 235, 288,
III 115
Aiguillon, Emmanuel- Armand de Vignerot-
Duplessis - Eichelieu, Duke of, vi 595 ;
Governor of Britanny, 356; Minister of
Foreign Affairs, 357 sq.; viii 82
Armand de Vignerot - Duplessis -
Eichelieu, Duke of (son of above, d.
1800), vm 179; 692; 715
Aigun, Treaty of, xi 273, 632, xir 796
Aikin, John, physician, viii 764 sq.
Ailly, Pierre de, Cardinal, doctrine of
Conciliar authority of, i 623; at Con-
stance, II 281
Ainali Kavak, Treaty of, vi 709, xi 282
Ain-Sefra, French boundary at, xii 129
Airds Moss, Covenanters defeated at, v 287
Aire, ceded to France, v 39, 45; captured
by the Allies (1710), 429
river, pollution of, xi 1
Aislabie, John, statesman, vi 41; 180 sq.
Aisne river, French army at, xi 596; 597
Aitchison, Sir Charles XJmpherston, and
the Indian Civil Service, xii 480
Aix, the plague at, vi 128; Fouch6 retires
to, IX 140; Farkme7tt of, iii 6, 415-6,
662, IV 610 sq., v 4; viii 47; and Mira-
beau, 150; Terrorists lynched at, 387
Albert Genebrard, Archbishop of, i
615
Gilbert Genebrard, Archbishop of,
I 616
Jean-de-Dieu-B. de Cued de Bois-
gelin, Archbishop of, viii 24, 179
Aix-k-Ghapelle. Bee Aachen
'Aix Boads, Wiikumez., anchors in, ix 238
Ajaccio,' French ieet off, ix.220 '
Ajmir,' Sir' Thoiii.as Boe 'at, vi 515; 519
Akashi, daimid of, xi 832 ,
'Akbar' Khan, 'son of Dost .Mohammad, xi
733; 735
■ — — Shah., Moghul Emperor, vi 511 sq.;
character of, 513 sqq.
Akhalzik, Pasha of, ix 385 .
Akkerman, .. Bussian capture of, vi 673 ;
Treaty of (1826'), x 192 sq. ; repudiated
by the Sultan, 198; xi 282
Ak Mechet, captured by Bussia, xi 273
Akrotiri, Christian insurgents in, xii 4*20
Aksakoff, Ivan, Bussian Journalist, xi
625 sq.; xii 298; 300; 309; 311
Aksu, travellers at, xii 799; 802
Alabama, Spanish claims in, vii 315, 323;
migration into, 359; enters the Union,
359, 413; and the Tariff, 377; secedes
{I860}, 446; joins the Confederacy, 453,
603; cut off from Confederate centre,
522; threatened by Grant, 528; emanci-
pation in, 595; representation of, 632;
becomes Democratic, 642
A kbama incident, vii 565 sq., 636; xi 336
sq., 776; xii 20 sqq., 27 sq., 717, 720
Alagon, Duke of, x 208
Alain le Grand, Lord of Albret, See Albret
Alais, Louis de Talois, Comte de. See
Angoukme
Alam, Shah, and Indian politics, ix 717
sqq.
Alamanni, Luigi, m 55, 459, 468; Giron
il Cortese, 469; exile of, 470
^kmo, massacre of the (1836), vii 392
Aland Isles, Conference at, vi 28; 34; 36;
seized by Bussia (1808), ix 323
Alanio, Pedro, Spanish revolutionary, xu
267
Alary, Abbd, and the Club de VEntresol,
VIII 15
Alaska, boundary dispute of, vii 371, xii
617, 722; purchased by the United States,
VII 637, 666, XII 844; xi 632 sq.; 776;
XII 814
Aktau mountains, xii 793 ; exploration
in, 799
Akva, incorporated in Castile, i 235
Don Francis de, in 16 sq., 210
Alba, Duke of. See Alva
de Tormes, del Parque defeated at,
IX 465, 456; Spanish force placed at,
473
Aibani, Alessandro, Cardinal, vi 587; 595
Giovanni Francesco. See Ciement XI,
Pope
Jean Franqois, Cardinal, vin 637
Joseph, Cardinal, Papal Secretary
of State, X 154 sq.
Albania, Scanderbeg and, i 70, 71; Yenice
fights the Turks in, 80; suggested oc-
cupation of, by France, ix 308; Ali
Pasha in, 386, (1814), x 176, 177;
revolts in, 649, 660, xi 279; Italian
214
General Index.
and Austrian rivalry in, xii 242; 381;
the Treaty of Berlin and, 396, 398;
425; 428
Albanian League, xii 401; 403
Albanians, and Montenegro, xii 401 sq. ;
416 sq.; 425
Albany (U.S.A.), conquest of (1G64), vii
39 sq. ; fortified, 42 ; charter granted to,
43; 44 sq.; federation meeting at (1754),
VI 412; operations round (1756), vii 126;
railway from Boston to, 694
Western Australia, xi 790 sq,
Alexander Stewart, Duke of, i 484
John Stewart, Duke of (son of
Alexander), i 484, 488; advances on
Naples (1524), n 50; in Scotland, 419
sq., 422 sq. ; returns to France, 426,
453 sq.
Albemarle^ The, vii 563 sq.
Albemarle, Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st
Earl of, V 257
George Keppel, 3rd Earl of, vi
369; 426
George Honck, Duke of, at Nantwich,
IV 321; 443; victory of, off Scheveningen,
476; 480 sq,; soldier and seaman, 485;
subdues Scotland, 436, 510 sq. ; in Ulster,
531 ; 532 ; declares for a free Parlia-
ment, 538; 540; 546 sqq.; marches into
England, 548 sq. ; and the Bestoration,
550-9; V 93; 100; and the marriage of
Charles 11, 105; 106; in naval campaign
of 1666, 183 sqq. ; 190; death of, 191;
280 ; VI 795 sq. ; vii 34
William Anne Keppel, 2nd Earl of,
VI 333
Alber, Matthaus, of Beutlingen, reformer,
II 160; Zwingli and, 332
Albericus GentiMs, m 767
Alberoni, Giulio, Cardinal, Spanish states-
man, VI 25 ; 29 ; and Great Britain, 30 sq. ;
and Sicily, 32; 33 sqq.; and the Ja-
cobites, 104; and England, 122 sq.; and
the Begent Orleans, 123; reforms by, id.;
foreign policy of, 124; fall of, 125; 126;
134; 136; 138; and Bipperd4, 139, 142
sq.; 157; Elisabeth Farnese and, 166;
586 sq.
Albert I, King of the Belgians, xii 256
n (of Habsburg), Emperor, reforms
of, in the Empire, i 294; 687; ii 198;
V 623
King of Poland. See John Albert
I (of Mecklenburg), King of Sweden,
defeated at Falkoping (1393), n 600; 601
Archduke, Archbishop of Toledo
(later sovereign of the Netherlands),
Governor of Lisbon, ni 318, 619; in
Italy, 527; marriage of, 630; Governor
of Netherlands, 522 sqq., 634 ; efforts of,
for peace, 534, 628, 639; and the war,
535, 629 ; at battle of the Dunes, 635 sq. ;
takes Calais, 670; fails to relieve Amiens,
522, 672 sq. ; attacks France, 679, 686 sq. ;
and Jiilioh, 689 sq., 730, 732 ; and
Emperor Budolf, 720, 735; death of,
655; IV 77; career of, in 699; and the
Imperial throne, iv 1; 11; 13; Henry IV
and, 624
Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria-Munich. See
Bavaria
of Brandenburg, Duke of Prussia.
See Prussia
Prince, of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and
Prince Consort of Queen Victoria, married
to her, X 681 ; xi 33 ; 163 ; and Napoleon
in, 308 ; 338 ; and William I of Prussia,
406; and the Spanish marriages, 553;
death of, 336
Edward Nyanza Lake, xii 810 ; 812
Nyanza Lake, discovery of, xii 439,
662; 809; 812
Alexandre-Martin, French politician,
XI 101; 103; 105; 107
Alberta, district of, xi 776; ranching in,
xn 610 ; 615
Alberti, Aristotile (Bidolfo Fioravanti), v
482
Leo Battista, architect and painter,
I 559; II 702; in 458
Albertini, Francesco, Italian scholar, i 549
Albigny, 0. E. Philibert de Simiane, seigneur
de, Governor of Savoy, and the escalade
of Geneva, in 420 sq.; death of, 686
Albitte, Antoine-Louis, Commissioner of
the Convention, viii 561
Albizzi, Giovanna, i 176
— Luca, supporter of Savonarola, 1 169
Albornoz, Gil Alvarez Carillo, Cardinal, i
237, 663
Albrecht, Archdukeof Austria, xi 153 sq.; 216
— G., professor at Gottingen, x 379
Wilhelm Eduard, German jurist, xi
162
Albret, Alain le Grand de, Sieur d^Albret
and Oonnt of Dreux, i 393 sqq., 397
— -- Catherine, Queen of Navarre. See
Navarre
— Charlotte de, marriage of, to Cesare
Borgia, i 120
-- — Henri and Jean de, Kings of Navarre.
See Navarre
Jeanne de, Queen of Navarre. See
Navarre
Albuera, battle of (1811), ix 467
Albufera, Duke of. See Suchet
Albuquerque, Aranda winters at, vi 359
Alburquerque (Albuquerque), Affonso de,
crusading schemes of, i 11; capture of
Goa by, 31; ideals of, iv 728; v 695
— — Antonio de, Governor of the Bio,
V 679
Jos§ Maria de la Oueva, 14th Duke
of, defence of Cadiz by, ix 456
Matthias de, rv 707
Alcabala, Spanish tax, n 99 ; under
Philip HI, IV 627
Alcala, University of, founded by Ximenes,
I 355, 380, 622, 651, n 400
Alfonso de, Spanish scholar, n 400
General Index.
216
Ale&mz, STOhet repulsed at, ix 454
Aleautara, Order .of, i 11 .
Aieasabak^ .Tiie, in 105
Alcazar- Kebir, ■ battle of (1578), in 499,
597
Alciati, ' Andrea, Calvin a,nd, ii '352; m
■■ ;■ 58 ^ ■
G-iovanni Paolo, ItaiiaK reformer, ii
■ •ssa.. ■■ • ,
.Aloolea, battle of, xi 569
Alcott, Amos Bronson, tianscendentaHst,
VII 7B9
Aicoy, outrages at, xii 267
Federico Boncali, Count of, Spanish
, Minister, xi 559
Aicuin, and the schools of Charles the Great,
r 535
Aldan, river, xn 794
Aidea de Ponte, fight at (1811), ix 468
Alderney, naval works at, xi 333
Alderson, Dr John, of Norwich, vm 764 sq.
Aidini, Antonio, Count, ix 84
Aldobrandini, Pietro, Cardinal, iii 419 ;
and Clement VIII, iv 667 j friendly to-
wards France, 668
Siivestro, iv 666
papal nuncio in Spain (1724), vi
137
Aldringer, Johann, Count, Austrian Field-
Marshal, IV 72; Mantua taken by, 115;
at Erfurt, 205 ; Tilly reinforced by, 208 ;
210; at Leipzig, 219; 231; Feria and,
234; protection of Bavaria and, 238;
Emperor and, 239 sqq.; at Batisbon,
244
Aldrovandus, Ulysses (Ulisse Aldrovandi
of Bologna), naturalist, v 736; 738
Aldus Manutius, Venetian printer, v 508
Aleander, Girolamo, Cardinal, Bector of
University of Paris, i 575 ; the Beforma-
tion and, 678; 686, 690; at the Diet of
Worms (1521), ii 139 sqq., 240; church
reform and, 379; 383, 643
Aleardi, Aleardo, Italian poet, xi 546 sq.;
549
Aleko Pasha, See Vogorides, Alexander
Aleksinats, battle at, xii 386
Alembert, Jean-Baptiste le Bond de, Ency-
clopaedist, VI 698; 825; vin 26
Alemtejo, awarded to Godoy, ix 302; the
Duke of Terceira in, x 333
Alenqon, Frott5 surrenders at, ix 14
Charles, Duke of, at Pavia, ir 51
Francis of Valois, Duke of. See
Anjou, Francis of Valois, Duke of
Margaret, Duchess of. See Margaret,
Queen of Navarre
Aleppo, trade of, i 32; Turkish victory at
(1516), 91; winter-quarters of Prussian
Army at, ni 121; Ibrahim Pasha enters
(1832), X 550; 553; revolt in (1834), 559
Aleria, John Andreas de Bossi, Bishop of,
I 558
Aksius (Alexander Aiess), Scottish divine,
n 555
Alessandria, fail of (1499), i 121; claimed
by Francis I, m 110; 400; French garri-
son at, V 415 ; VI 160 ; siege of, 161, 245,
608; fortress of, vih 554; occupied by
the French (1796), 567 ; surrenders (1799),
659; IX 61-2 ; , retreat of Austrians to,
63 ; revolt at (1821), x 116 ; fortress of,
XI 366 sq. ; 871
Alet, canonry at, v 85
Nicolas Pavilion, Bishop of, v 84 sq.
Alexander III (Boland Bandinelli), Pope,
II 422
IV (Binaldo Conti), Pope, the Angus -
tinian Eremites and, ii 114
V (Pietro Fhilargi), Pope, i 268
VI (Kodrigo Borgia), Pope, i 105;
elected, 225 ; question of deposition of,
110; Savonarola and, 149, 177 sqq. ;
allied with Naples, 227 sq. ; treats with
Charles VIII, 231; the Orsini and, 223;
allied with France, 124, 236-9 ; Church
reform and, 620 ; nepotism of, 234 ;
extravagant and splendid, 667; methods
of raising money used by, 669, 670, 672 ;
a pluralist, 659; death and character of,
126, 195, 241, II 1 sq. ; 400 ; the Spanish
Inquisition and, 650; proMbited books
and, 687; Bull of, in regard to the New
World, IV 728; 744
VII (Fabio Chigi), Pope, papal nuncio
at Munster, iv 402, 688 ; Charles X and,
582; V 76; 84
VIII (Pietro Ottohuoni), Pope, v 58
I, King of Poland, i 345
I, Tsar of Eussia, vi 681 ; 696 ; vin
785 sq.; ix35; 49,50, 93; reconciled with
England in Treaty of St Petersburg, 73 ;
champions the King of Sardinia, 79 ; 236 ;
relations of, with France, 245 ; 249 ; with
Austria, 248 ; 249 ; threatens the Prussian
Government, 250; 255; welcomed at
Potsdam, 256; Napoleon and, 259; at
Austerlitz, 261 ; relations of, with Prussia,
266 ; 272, 280-2, 287 ; with France, 269 ;
270-2, 283 ; with Turkey, 281 ; and the ne-
gotiations of Tilsit, 291 sqq., 295, 297 sq. ;
consequent relations of, with Britain and
Turkey, 304 sqq. ; 307 ; hesitates to com-
plete the Tilsit agreement, 308-13 ; and
Finland, 314; Napoleonk communica-
tions to, 315 ; policy of balance of, 317 ;
at Erfurt, 318 sqq., 325 ; 337 ; power of,
in Baltic lands, 340; 341; resists over-
tures of Prussia and Austria, 344; de-
clares war against Great Britain (1807),
366-7 ; yields to Napoleon, 374 ; 375 ;
ojffends Napoleon, 379 ; hesitating attack
of, on Turkey, 388 sq., 485 ; character
and policy of, 483-6, 670 ; refuses to treat
with Napoleon, 497 ; allies himself with
Prussia, 507, 512 sq. ; at Dresden, 523,
527 ; at Leipzig, 535 sq. ; at Frankfort,
642 sq. ; 546 ; and the Conference
of Ohdtiilon, 548, 550; enters Paris,
655 ; and Talleyrand, 656 ; considers
216
General Index.
Hapoleon’s terms, 558 sq.; at the Congress Germany, 142 sqq. ; domestic policy of,
of Vienna, 580 sq., 653 sqq., 670 sq,; 294 sqq. ; 304; and the Liberal demon-
and the slave-trade, 614, x 19 ; and strations, 306 ; plots against, 308 ;
the Holy Alliance, ix 664 sq., x 9sq. ; assassination of, 310 sq. ; 314 ; 317; and
and the Treaty of Tilsit, 3; and the Finland, 334 ; and Servia, 386 ; and the
Quadruple Alliance (1815), 7 ; character war with Turkey, 888 sq.; and the Oon-
and policy of, 8 sq. ; and the Treaty of gress of Berlin, 394; 398; 404; arbitrates
Paris, 11; at Aiz-la-Chapelle, 14-20; between Japan and Peru, 555
and Austria’s German policy, 22 sq. ; Alexander III, Tsar of Bussia, xii 98 ; and
change of opinions of, 23, 25, 27, 364 Germany, 162; 291; 311; character of,
sq., 438 sq. ; at Troppau, 27-30, 438; 312; 313; 315 sq,; policy of, 322; 324;
and the Turkish Question, 32 ; influenced and Finland, 334; and the Jews, 340;
by Metternich, 34; and Spanish affairs, foreign policy of, 341; and Bulgaria,
35, 211, 222 sqq.; hostile to France, 45; 406, 409; and the Armenians, 416
and the Due de Eichelieu, 47 ; 50 ; King of Servia, xn 411 sqq.
favours the evacuation of France by the Prince of Bulgaria, xn 163; 341;
Allies, 56 ; 69 ; 74 ; and Cardinal Con- rule of, 404 sqq. ; abdicates, 408 sq.
saivi, 141 ; and the Treaty of Bucharest, Prince, of the Netherlands, xii
169; and the disputes with the Porte, 244 sq.
175 ; and the Ionian Islands, 177 ; 179 ; Karageorgevich, Prince of Servia,
and the execution of Gregorios, 183; xn 413
199 ; and the Eastern Question, 187 sqq,; Grand Duke. See Alexander I, Tsar
at Ozernovitz, 187 ; and the St Peters- of Eussia
Blasius, IV 38 ; leader among the
Grisons Pradihanten, 52 ; capture of, 55
Sir William. See Stirling, Earl of
Lord (son of E. of Stirling), settles in
Nova Scotia, vn 75
of Aphrodisia, commentator on
Aristotle, ii 702
the Great, Asiatic conquests of, vi
606
of Hales, and the conception of the
Treasury of merits, n 124 sq.
Alexandra, Queen of Great Britain, xi 338 ;
XII 409
Grand Duchess of Eussia, ix 36-8, 41
Feodorovna (Princess Charlotte of
Prussia), Tsarina, consort of Nicholas I,
X 436
Alexandre, Charles-Louis, Eevolutionary
leader, vin 228
Alexandretta, Turkish fleet at, x 550
Alexandria, captured (1798), vm 599; battle
outside (1801), 617 ; surrenders, 617 sq. ;
IX 53 ; Nelson at, 220 ; British expedition
to (1807), 235, 368; force from Bombay
in, 734; Mehemet Ali at, x 551 sq.,
569; Turkish fleet at, 562, 567; 565;
Sir Charles Napier at (1840), 571; 672;
bombardment of, xii 40, 436 sq. ; 430 ;
British occupation of, 438 ; 455
(Virginia), attacked (1814), vn 344 ;
Federal troops at (1861), 464
Alexandroff, Ivan IV at, v 491
Alexandrovsk, fortress of,xi 273; mine laid
at, xii 308
Alex^yeff, Erghenyi Ivanovich, Admiral,
Bussian Viceroy, xn 346; 376; 621; in
the Eusso- Japanese War, 582 sq., 687,
696 'i’ ’
Alexis EomanofE, Tsar of Enssia, the
Cossacks and, iv 680; 581 ; in the Baltic
Provinces, 582 sq.; 584; Charles X and,
686-8; feud between Poland and, 691;
burg Conference, 188 ; 349 ; influence of,
upon the King of Prussia, 352; and
Stourdza’s pamphlet, 364 ; and the
Germanic Federal constitution, 368; 370;
wars of, prior to 1815, 413 ; the military
colonies of, 415 sq. ; and the navy, 417 ;
and Jeremy Bentham, 418; and the
Senate, ih , ; and the Committee of
Ministers, 419 ; and provincial adminis-
tration, 420 ; and the prisons, 422 ; and
the Church, 424; dismisses Gaiitzin,
425 ; and the abolition of serfdom, 428 ;
and the secret societies, 432, 439 ; and
Finland, 434 sq. ; and the imperial
family, 436 ; and the succession to the
throne, 437 ; schemes of (1815-19),
437 sq. ; and Poland, 445 sq., 448 ; enters
Warsaw, 446 ; signs the Polish Constitu-
tion, ib , ; Concordat of, with Pius VII
(1818), 449 ; at the Diets at Warsaw,
450 sqq., 455 sq. ; and the Polish bishops,
452 ; and Polish secret societies, 453 sq. ;
458 ; and the Lithuanian provinces, 469,
464 ; and the Eepublic of Cracow, 460 ;
death of (1825), 190, 439; and Bern,
XI 236; 262; 264 sq. ; 268; 664; and
Charles XIV of Sweden, 681 sqq.; xn 729
Alexander II, Tsar of Eussia, x 436; at
Warsaw, 458; visits England (1839), 558;
and the Crimean War, xi 323, 373 ; and
Austria, 402 ; and the King of Prussia,
434 ; and the Austro-Prussian War, 456 ;
attempts on, the life of, 484, 626, 630;
character of, 613 ; and the emancipation
of the serfs, 614 ; and the railway system,
619 ; and local government, 620 ; and
law reform, 622 sq. ; and national educa-
tion, 624; and the Press, 625; 627;
Asiatic policy of, 632; foreign policy of,
633 sq. ; and the Black Sea, 633 sq, ;
and the poet Odyniec, 658 ; and France,
xn 97; 138; at Berlin, 139, 141; and
■
General Index.
217
position o£, T 343 sq.; 603 ; the reign of,
604 eq. ; aadtiie Patriarch Mkon, 606 sq..;
and eccles.iastieal reforms, 608 sq.'; 514;,
the Code of, 515; 516;, character .of, '516'
sq.; 518; laws of, XI 264,
Alexis, Crown Prince of Biissia, xn '346
— Tsarevich, son of Peter the Great,
¥ ', 63'6 sqq. ; death of, ' 542 ; 547
Wiiibald. See Haring, Wilhelm
Alexins III, Emperor of the East', i 255
Alfieri, Ginseppina, Marchioness, xi 392
— — Ooimt ¥ittorio, poet, yi 824; tiii
, , : 7.78 sq. ; IX 86 ; z . 106 ; .xi 549
— • — di Sostegno, Cesare, Marquis, Pied-
montese Minister of Education, xi 75;
79; and Italian Federation, 90; 92;
■ retires, 93
Alfonso Y of Aragon, King of Naples, x
105, 660
II, King of Naples, i 105, 110, 114,
231
VI, King of Portugal, v 34; 105
XII, King of Spain, xi 569 sqq.; xii
257 sq.; 260; proclaimed, 262; reign of,
263
XIII, King of Spain, xn 257; birth
of, 264; marriage of, 266
11 of Ferrara. See Ferrara, Dukes of
Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh. See
Saxe-Ooburg-Gotba, Duke of
Algarve, awarded to Godoj^ ix 302
Algeciras, naval actions at (1801), ix 64;
Freemasons of, x 215
Conference, xn 55, 98, 133, 242, 456
Algeria, France and, x 98 sq., 602 sqq.,
645, xn 95, 128 sq., 132, 658; the Queen
of Madagascar deported to, 131
Algiers, Charles V and the pirates of, n
68 sq., 75 sq., 242; Charles V retires
from, in 112; 398, 399; Spanish expedi-
tion to, 420, 435 ; pirates of, 438; Spanish
and Italian expedition to, 541; Blake at,
IV 483 ; French fleet sent to, v 53 ; Spain
and, VI 374, 381; Venice and, 606;
Denmark and, 746; expedition to (1816),
IX 662; France and, xi 35; transporta-
tions to, 139 sq., 304
Algoa bay, Livingstone at, xn 808
Algonquins, i 34; origin of name, 44; vn
. .'VS: .sq» ■ '
Aiiaga, Father, and Uceda, iv 629 ; bribed,
632
Ali Alta, Bussian advance on, xi 630
Alicante, v 376 ; capture of (1709), 426
Aiidosi, I’rancesco, Cardinal, 1 136; 249 sq.
Aiigre, Etienne-Franqois de, President of
the Parlement (1787), viii 106 sq.
Aiikhanofl, General, in Georgia, xir 363
Alima river, exploration on, xii 812
Ali Hasjid, British mission at, xn 469 sq,
Ali Murad, Chief of Khairpur, xi 737
Ali, Pasha of Drama, x 181; 185
Ali Pasha of Janina, ix 269 ; makes himself
independent in Albania, 386 ; x 172 sq, ;
the successes of, 176; claims Parga, 177;
. deposed by the 'Sultan, ., death of,
178; 181; 547
Ali Pasha, Grand Vezir of. -'Turkey, dies
(1565), in 125
Grand Vezir, .superseded . -(1710), v
604
Alison, Sir Archibald, Eistor-i/ of Europe^
xn 837
Ali Verdi Khan, Nawdb of Beagal, vi 551
Aliwal (Punjab), battle of, xi 739
North ( 0 . Africa), Treaty of, xi 787
Alkmaar, assault on, m 236; and the Act
of Seclusion, v 143; Convention con-
cluded at (1799), vni 662; Duke of York
capitulates at (1799), IX 41
Abaci, Leone, papal commissary, iv 82
Allahabad, vi 524 ; 563 • ceded to the Mara-
thas, 568; 569; xi 748; proclamation at,
749
Aliardin, Eeformed minister at Emclen, v 757
Alle river, and the campaign of 1807, ix
286, 287, 290
Alleghany mountains, and the Civil War,
vn 470
Aii^gre, Ives de, French general in Italy,
I 117, 122 sq., 126, 129, 187
Allemand, Comte Zacharie Jacques-Theo-
dore, replaces Missiessy, ix 225 ; fails
to effect a junction with Viileneuve, 227;
returns to Eochefort, 234; sails for
Toulon, 237; replaces Willaumez, 238;
replaces Ganteaume, 239
Allemane, French socialist, xn 124 sq.
Allen, John, Archbishop of Dublin, mur-
dered, 11 442
— Samuel, governor of New Hampshire,
YII 31
Sir Thomas, naval commander, v
108; 180; 186; 190
William, Cardinal, iri 285-9, 290,
350-1, 358, 436, 449
'William, Quaker, visits Russian
prisons, x 422
William O’Meara, Fenian, xn 65
Alienstein, French army at, iz 285
Allerheim, French victory at, iv 390
Allgemeine Zeitung, xi 719
Allier, rising in, xi 137
Allion, de, French charge d'affaires in Russia,
vr 315
Allix, Jules, French politician, xj 502
All-Polish itevieWi xn 339
All Saints’ Bay. See Bahia
Allstedt, success of Miinzer’s preaching at,
n 186
Alma, battle of the, xi 317, 319, 364
Almada, captured by the Duke of Terceira
(1833), z 334
Almanza, battle of (1707), v 419
Almaraz, Cuesta’s position near, ix 4.50,
452; seized by Wellesley (1809), 453 sq.
Almeida, siege of, vi 369 ; ix 303 ; garri-
soned by Junot, 440 ; taken by Mass4na
S , 459; 462; besieged by Wellington
,465; surrendered, 466 ; 468; 476
218
General Index.
Almeida, Don Francisco de, jSirst Viceroy
of Portuguese India, i 31, v 695
Almenara, victory of Starliemberg at (1710),
V 428
Almonacid, Venegas beaten at (1809), is
454, 455
Aimoster, victory of Saldanha at (1834),
X 336
Alopa, Laurentius Fraucisci de, Italian
printer, i 562
Alost, negotiations at (1482), i445; seized
by Spanish mutineers (1576), in 244 sq^. ;
Archbishop Gebhard's victory at, 708
Alpujarras, Morisco fastnesses in the, in
494
Alquier, Charles- Jean-Marie, French envoy
at Kome, ix 195 ; press to be controlled
by, 196
Alsace. See Elsass
Alsen, island of, taken by Charles X, iv
432; XI 161; captured by the Prussians
(1864), 442
Alsh, Loch, men-of-war in, vi 105
Altai mountains, xii 793 sq. ; exploration
in, 798 sq.
Altamira, Bafael, Spanish historian, xii.
842
Alt-Breisach, ceded by France, v 436, 454
Altemps, Marc de (Count Marcus Sittions
von Hohenems), Cardinal, Bishop of Con-
stance, at Council of Trent, ii 676, 682
Altenburg, peace negotiations opened at
(1809), IX 359; ScWarzenberg at, 533;
revolutionary movement at, xi 150
Altenkirehen, Jourdan repulsed at, viii 497
Altenstein, Karl von Stein zum, ix 332;
Prussian statesman, x 351; educational
system of, 355; 370; 372; 382
Althan, Count, vi 37
Aithorp, Viscount. See Spencer, 3rd Earl
Althusius, A. Johann, of Herborn, m 765 ;
the Politics., 767 sq.
Altieri, Baldassare, the Italian Eeformers
and, II 383
Altmark, truce of (1629), iv 115, 187, 193,
578
Alton, victory of Waller at, iv 315
Eichard Alton, Count de, Austrian
general, vi 651 sq.; vra 320, 328
Altona, Congress at (1687), v 579; Swedish
sack of (1713), 609; 612; 756; port of,
VI 737; 745 ; death of the Duke of Bruns-
wick at, IX 278; smuggling at, 378
Altoona (Pennsylvania), Convention at
(1862), VII 693
Altoviti, Antonio, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Florence, and Oosimo I, in 390
Altranstadt, Charles XII at, v 417, 597;
Peace of (1706), 595, 597
Altyn Tagh mountains, discovery of, xn
799
Alula, Bas, xii 240
Alut4, Empress of China, xii 601 sq.
Alva, Fadrique de Toledo, 2nd Duke of
(d. 1527), I 480
Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd
Duke of, defends Perpignan, ii 76 ;
Paul IV and, 91 sq.; 260, 261; 409;
invades papal territory, 545 ; defeats
Guise, 547; m 7 sqq.,132, 174, 190 sqq.,
208, 213 sqq., 271 sqq., 297, 302, 404,
410, 476 sqq. ; recalled to lead Spanish
army into Portugal, 500, 514 sqq., 705
Alvarez de Castro, Mariano, Spanish general,
Gerona held by, ix 454
Alvear, Supreme Director of the Argentine
Provinces, x 301
Alvensleben, Count Philip Charles von,
Prussian Minister, viii 288
Konstantin von, Prussian general,
XI 586; 690 sq.
Alvensleben-Erxleben, Count Albert von,
Prussian statesman, xi 157 sq,; 192; 199;
at the Dresden Conference, 233 ; mission
of, to St Petersburg, 434
Alverstone, Eichard Everard Webster, Lord,
Lord Chief Justice of England, xii 617
Alviano, Bartolommeo de(Venetian. general),
I 131 sq., 197
Alvintzy, Baron Joseph von Barberek,
Austrian Field-marshal, vni 435, 579 sq.
Alvite, Spanish success at, vi 369
Alxinger, Johann Baptist von, Austrian
poet, VIII 776
Amadeo I, King of Spain (Duke of Aosta),
XI 570 sqq. ; xii 257 ; 259 sq.
Amadis of Gaul, Spanish romance, i 381
Amalia, Queen of Greece, xi 279
Prussian Princess, vi 281
von Solms, Princess of Orange.
See Orange
Amalfi, Costanza d’Avaios, Duchess of,
II 390
Amanvilliers, French army corps at, xi
692; 593
Amar, J.-P.-Andr4, French politician,
VIII 350, 385
Amaral, General, Governor of Macao, xii
507
Amarante, Count of, x 316
Amari, Michele, Italian historian, xi 548;
XII 842
Amasia, Treaty at (1555), between Turks
and Persians, m 122; Morier at, xii
800
Amat, Cardinal-Legate at Eavenna, x 156
Amazon river, trade on, iv 709; Portugal
and, V 448, 679; Jesuits on, 683, vi
386; 389 sq.; unexplored regions on,
xn 814
Ambala, British forces at, xi 738
Amberg, Christian of Anhalt at, in 717;
French troops in, vi 232; Jourdan re-
pulsed at (1796), vin 497
Amherger Handel, in 713
Ambleteuse (Newhaven), captured by the
French (1549), u 493
Amboina, Dutch trade at, m 638, 644;
massacre” at, iv 87, 713, 738 sqq.,
755, V 138, 697, vn 22; taken by the
General Index. 219
Dntcli (1605), IV 7S3, 735; agreement. of
June 1619 and, 737 ; forts in, 74S ; .cap-
ture of (1796), VIII 484, ix 750, (1810),
240
Am boise, Tumult of (1560), ii 297, 576 sq.,
„ III 265;, .Edict of (1563), n 584, m 5 '
Cbaries de, Seigneur de Chaumont, ■
I 123, 129, 135 sq. '
Georges de. Cardinal of Bouen, 1 123,
129,245,388,415
Ambras, Castle of, Cardinal Eiesi at tbe,
IV 22 ^
Ambriz, slavery abolished at, xi 575
Ambrogini, Angelo. See Poiitian
Ambrosius, St, writings of, revised by
Sixtus Y, III 426, 445
Ambur, battle of, vi 539
Amegial, battle of (1663), v 34, 105
Amelia, Princess, of Great Britain, death
of, IX 689
Amelot de Ghaillou, Jean- Jacques, French
statesman, vi 109 sq. ; 156 ; 159 ; 239
Amelot, Sebastien-Miehel, French Minister
of the Household, viii 87 sq.
America (General mention: see also Central,
Norths South and the various States,
especially the United States a7id Canada),
Colombo and the discovery of, i 21-4,
518; the Cabots and, 34-5; Magaihaes
and, 36; exploration of, by Yerazzano,
ib., 43; infiuenee of discovery of, 43,
47 sq., 56, 62, 65, 518, vn 1; treasure
sent from, i 43, 46, 518; Cartier ex-
plores, 44; Huguenot settlements in,
48 sqq. ; English in, 50 sqq., 56;
Montaigne and, 58 sqq., 63; Catholic
Church in, 60 sqq.; Bacon and, 63 sqq.;
European capitalists and, 518; partition
of, IV 747 ; the European Powers in, vi
61 sqq., 69; Wesley in, 82, 86; White-
field in, 83 sq.; 157; colonisation in, 183
sqq., 189; 340; 344; Spanish successes
in, 377; 383; British policy in, 432 sq.,
436; 491; Ireland and the war in, 495;
the Jesuits in, 590 sq. ; influence of, on
the French Bevolution, vm 1 sq., 727 sq.;
French possessions in, 80; British trade
with, IX 71; cotton imported from, 125;
the Irish in, xii 70; the Cian-na-Gael in,
75 sqq. ; Parnell in, 77 ; Swedish emigra-
tion to, 279
Central, and the United States,
vn 649, 656; xii 1, 6 ; the Eepubiics of.
Chap. XXI
North, English colonisation in, iv
747 sq., V 685 sq., (1607-1700), Yol. vn.
Chap. I, (1700-63), Chap, ii ; French
in, V 57, 438, 442, 648 sq., vi 172, 299,
327, 331, Yoi. vn, Chap, m; English
and Butch in, iv 749, v 108; conflict of
French and English in, vi 332, 410 sqq.,
Yol. VII, Chap. IV ; Pittas policy in, vi
414 sq. ; withdrawal of France from, 422 ;
quarrel of the English colonies of, with
Great Britain, vi 438 sq,, 446 sq., Yol. vxc,
.■ Chap. V ; independence of, declared, vi 448,
■ VII '174,208; legal relations between Great
■■■Britain and, , Chap, vi,; War of Indepen-
. dence in. Chap, vn ; and France, vin 73,
77, 91 sqq.; constitution, of .the United
■■ States , of . (1776-89), Chap, vin ; trade
with, X 759 sqq. ; emigration to, 762,
XII 63, 168 ; XI 16 ; trade of, with Bremen,
54 ; French exiles in, 140 ; Confederate
States of, 248 ; Bussian policy in, 632 ;
British North America, 765, 770 sq.; zix
2; historical study in, 841. See also
United States, Canada
America, South, English schemes of coloni-
sation in, IV 754 sq. ; v 107; Portuguese
in, 372, 674 sqq.; Spanish colonisation
in, 680 sqq. ; 693 ; the South Sea Com-
pany and, VI 177 sq., 181; 374; 471;
trade of, vii 327; Bepublics of, and the
United States, 366 sqq., 649 ; xii 1, 6
(Spanish), bullion from, in 481;
Spanish trade with, 492, 496 ; possessions
of Philip of Spain in, 500 ; Spanish ex-
ports to, 512 ; slave-trade to, v 403, 446,
455; illicit trade with, vi 64 sq.; 158;
South Sea Company and, 177 sq. ; 343 ;
351; Jesuits expelled from, 372; 475;
under Spanish rule, Yol. x, Chap, vni
passim; establishment of independence
in, Chap, ix passim, 31, 34, 38 ; 19 ; and
the Congress of Yerona, 33 sq. ; 186;
and Great Britain, 212; revolutionary
agents from, 213 ; and the United States,
ib.; foreign trade with, 586, 761
Amersfoort, Oldenbarneveldt bom at (1547),
HI 624 ; captured by de Berg (1629), iv
693
Amherst, Jeffrey Amherst, Lord, Field-
marshal, VI 426 ; VII 97, 132 sqq. ; ex-
pedition of, to Montreal, 137, 139, 141
sqq.
of Arracan, William Pitt Amherst,
Baron Amherst of Montreal, Eaxl, retires
from Sicily, ix 383; Governor- General of
India, XI 727 ; 729; embassy of, to Peking,
803
Amicable Grant, English (1525), ii 425,
abandoned, ih*
Amidas, Captain Philip, in Virginia, vii 3
Amiens, taken and lost by Spaniards,
in 522 ; fall of, 629 ; submission of, to
Henry lY, 663, 666; taken by Spauiards,
671-2 ; taken by Henry lY, 673 ; Biron
at, 679; xi 601; 603; German occupation
of, 606; 607; 610
Treaties at, between Francis I and
Henry YHI (1527), n 428; Peace of
(1802), V 444, VI 549, ix 18, 19, 76 sqq,,
90 sq., 187, 269, 321; rapture of, 28, 122,
124, 244, 270, 752 ; and trade, 90, 212,
363 ; and Switzerland, 101 ; and Turkey,
386 ; and Malta, 604, 752 ; and Ireland,
706
Franqois Lef^vre de Caumartin,
Bishop of, V 756
220
General Index.
Amiens, Jean-Pierre de GalHen de Chalons,
Bishop of, X 85
Amignes, Jules, French journalist, xn 94
Amio, Domenico de, executes statue of
Leo X, II 13
Amir Khan, founder of the Tonk State,
XI 725 sq.
Ammirato, Scipione (the younger), Floren-
tine historian, i 200; iii 394; 457
Amnesty Association, in Ireland, xii 73
Amoravieta, Gonventiou concluded at, xii
260
Amouroux, Charles, French politician, xi
502
Amoy, capture of, xi 809
Ampere, Jean-Jacques, x 101
Ampfing, retreat of Grenier from, ix 67
Ampringen, Caspar von, Governor of
Hungary, v 352 sq.; 357
Ampthiil, Odo W. L. Bussell, Lord (Lord
Odo Bussell), xii 28; 97; 139
Ampudia, Pedro de, Mexican general, vn
394, 396
Amsdorf, Nicholas, Bee, Naumhurg, Bishop
of
Amsterdam, commercial rise of, i 459 ; iii
250 ; Separatist congregations formed at,
346; corn trade in, 620, 631; East India
trade with, 632-3, 640 sqq. ; interests of,
IV 466 sq. ; threatened by de Berg, 693 ;
difficulties of Frederick fenry with, 694,
699, 724; Chamber of, 709; Academy
founded at, 717; 718 sqq.; Spinoza
born at, 722; William II and, 725 sq.;
v43; peace party in, 164 sq. ; 199; Bank
of, 266 sqq., vr 169, x 746; v 270; 420;
Peter the Great in, 525, 612; Bussian
printing at, 529; Treaty of (1717), 613,
VI 28; and the American Congress, 448
sq. ; flight of Independents to (1593), vii
12; Bepublicans in, vm287; surrenders
(1787), 323; French troops in (1795),
436; French ambassador in, ix 371;
Napoleon and, 416, 417; risings in
(1813), X 517; assembly of notables at,
518; discontent in, 533; and European
finance, 728, 742 sq. ; 745 ; and the
Eastern trade, 761; socialism in, xn 248;
249
Amu Daria river, Bussian expedition to,
v 544
Amundsen, Boald, makes the North-West
passage, xii 815
Amur, Bussian advances in, xr 272 sq.
river, Chinese drowned in, xn 521;
Japanese force on, 600; 792; 794 sqq.
Amurath III, Sultan, ra 91 sqq.; truce
between Stephen Bathory and, 101 j mis-
sion of William Harborne to the Court
of, IV 729
Amyot, Jacques, Bishop of Auxerre. Bee,
Auxerre
Anabaptists, and their relation to the other
Beformera, x 686; in the Netherlands,
n 103 ; rise of, in Germany^ 165 sqq. ;
the movement of, at Munster, 222 sqq. ;
Swiss, and Zvvingli, 319 ; a radical
rather than doctrinal movement, 323 sq, ;
and Lutheranism and Calvinism, 715 ;
theocratic ideas of, in 740 sq., 755 sq.;
English, V 100; 326
Anadyr river, xn 794
Anagni, captured by Colon na (1526), ii 53
Anahuae, the Indians of, x 260 sq.
Anapa, acquired by Bussia, x 202, 444,
XX 274
Anastasia Bomanova, Tsaritsa, v 495
Anastro, Caspar, in 255
Anatolia, Ibrahim Pasha in (1833), x 553 ;
Beshid Pasha in, 559 sq.
Anatolian railway, The, xii 170
Ancel, Guillaume, French ambassador in
Germany, in 671
Anchialos, Greek quarter in, destroyed,
xn 426
Ancillon, Johann Peter Friedrich, Prussian
Minister, x 350 sq.; 376
Anckarstrom, Jakob Johan, assassinates
Gustavus III, vi 784
Anckarsvard, Baron, Swedish politician,
XI 685
Anc6n, Peace of, xir 679
Ancona, death of Pius II at, i 79; trade
with, in 131, 393, 438, vi 606; French
garrison in, vni 573, 633, 636; Napoleon
at, 595; surrenders (1799), 663; des-
patches captured at, ix 40; capitulation
of (1798), 41 ; 63 ; restored to the Pope,
189 ; occupied by Saint-Oyr, 193 ; seizure
of Papal revenues in, 195; 203; March
of, annexed by Napoleon (1808), 400;
occupied by Austrians, x 150; occupied
by French troops (1832), 165 sq., 488;
troops withdrawn (1838), 506; xi 71;
capitulates (1860), 389
Anorum Moor, victory of Scots at (1545),
II 460
Andalusia, Isabella in (1477), i 354; ex-
posed to Barbarossa’s attacks, in 110;
Moors expelled from, 494; Philip’s troops
ready in, 500; the Duke of Medina
Sidonia and, rv 652 sq. ; evacuated by
French, v 416; colonisation of, vi 383;
IX 430; 431; Spanish army in, 435, 437
sq,, 450; Napoleon’s projected invasion
of, 447 ; occupied by French (1809-10),
456; Soult in, 457, 469; re-occupied by
Spanish, 473 ; French evacuate (1812),
475; revolt of troops in, x 220; French
in (1823), 228, (1810), 285; xi 557;
harsh measures in, 566; brigandage in,
xn 259; 261; 267
Andaman Islands, Lord Mayo assassinated
in, xn 463
Andelot, Fran(?ois de. See D’Andelot
Andermatt, Swiss general, ix 100
Andemach, captured by French, vin
437
Andersen, Hans Christian, xi 699
Jens. See Odense, Bishops of
General Indecc.
221
Anderson, Bobert,, defends ,\Forl Smnter
(18d0-l|, vn 446 sq., 450; 461 sqq. ; 545
William, British officer in. .India, xi
740
Andes, Bolivar cros8e.s , the, x 294
Andign4, Cliouan leader, ix 2; B, 13.
A.ndkhm, travellers at, xii 800 .sq,
Ando, Japanese statesman, xi' 844 ■
Andover, James II .at, v 247
Andrada, Jos4 Bonifacio de, and the in-
dependence of Brazil, x 314 sq. ; 317 sq. ;
guardian of Pedro II, 325
Martin Francisco de, Brazilian
.. statesman, x 315; 317 sq.
Andrade, Gomez Freire de, Portuguese
general, x 312
Andral, Gabriel, physician to the Court of
Naples, IX 571
Andrassy, Count Julius, Hungarian states-
man, XI 214; 400; and Bismarck, xn
144 ; and Hungary, 183 sq. ; 188 sq. ;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 190 sq. ; and
the Austro-German alliance, 192; 383;
at the Congress of Berlin, 394, 396
Count Julius, the younger, xii 205
sqq. ;210
Andrd, John, vii 217, 226
de Puyraveau, French deputy, x 476;
491
Andrea, Girolamo di, Cardinal, xi 392
FrA, of Ferrara, Lutheran, ii 380
Andreae, Jacob, rii 704
Laurentius (Lars Andersson), ii 624,
628
Andrde, Salomon August, Polar expedition
of, XII 795
Andrelini, Fausto, and the Julius Exclusus,
XT 9
Andr^ossi, Comte Antoine-Franqois de, in
Egypt, VIII 616 ; ambassador to London,
IX 102; 244
Andrew, Archduke, iii 535
Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester,
and religious controversy, iv 268
Andriani, General, defends Sagunto, ix 470
An drieux, Fran gois- Guillaume- J ean- Stanis-
las, IX 153
Andros, Colonel Sir Edmund, colonial
governor, vn 28 sqq., 42 sqq,, 47, 64
Andriisovo, Treaty of (1667), v 505
Andujar, Dupont retreats to (1808), ix
437
Anethan, Baron Jules Joseph de, Belgian
statesman, xi 674; xii 250
Angelico, FrA, i 168, 647
Angennes, Claude de, Bishop of Le Mans.
See Le Mans
Angermannus, Abraham, Archbishop of
Upsala. See Upsaia
Angers, seized by Huguenots, iii 41; gift to
Mary de’ Medici of, iv 126 ; feudal courts
in, vin 49; cavalry school at, 446;
d’Hddouviile at, ix 3
Anghem, Peter Martyr of, historian, the
Deccides, i 53; 248, 379
<X M. H* '
Angiolillo, Michael, uiurders Cinovas, xii
268
Anglesey, Sir Henry William .Paget, Mar-
quis^ of (Earl of Uxbridge), General,
. brilliant feat of, at, 'Benavente, ix 445;
charge of, /at' Genappe, 630;' Viceroy of
Ireland, x 648 ; 650 'sq. ; and reforms in
Ireland, 657 ; 663
Angola, taken by the Dutch, iv 752;
■ Brandenburg trade with, v 647; Portu-
guese in, XI 575, xii 3, 657, 663, 808; 811
Angostura, Bolivar captures, z 293 sq.
Angouleme, negotiations between Louis XIII
and Queen-Mother' at, iv, 126 .
Charles d’OrMans, Count of (d. 1496),
I 393
Charles d*OrMans, Duke of, ii 70, 72
Charles de Valois (bastard son of
Charles IX, King of France, Comte
d'Auvergne, 1591-1619), Duke of, plots
against ISenry IV, iii 672, 679 sq, ; heads
an embassy to Saxony (1620), iv 34
Diana of. See Montmorency
Francis, Count of. See Francis I,
King of France
Louis de Valois, Comte d’Alais, Duke
of, IV 631; 614; Mercoeur and, 618
Loiiis-Antoine de Bourbon, Due de,
proclaimed Prince Eegent at Bordeaux,
IX 481 ; in Bordeaux, 555 ; and the
Ministry of Louis XVIII, 566; 568; at
Nimes, 617 ; enters Spain with a French
army (1823), x 36; 46; in Spain, 80,
228, 230; return of, 80
— — Louise of Savoy, Duchess of, ii 46,
52, 59, 97, 123, 423
Marie~Th6r5se-Gharlotte, Duchesse
de, welcome of, in Paris, ix 562 ; suspicions
against, 572; at Bordeaux, 617; x 62
Bastard of, Grand Prior of Malta
(son of Henry II), m 19
Ant. Charles Oousseau, Bishop of,
XI 473
Angra, garrison of, x 323 sq. ; English mer-
cenaries at, 327
Pequeha, acquired by Germany, xii
41; 160 sq.
Angria, admiral of the Maratha fiect, vi
631
Angrogne (Piedmont), Conference of Wal-
denses at (1532), n 289
Anguilla, colonised by the English, v 687
Anguillara, sale of, to Yirginio Orsini,
I 110; recovered by Alexander VI, 233
Giovanni Andrea della, the Meta-
morphosesy in 471
Angus, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of,
marriage of, with Margaret Tudor, i 485 ;
n 453 sqq., 560
William Douglas, 10th Earl of, in
551
Anhalt, su^eringB of the principality of,
IV 418
House of, III 704, 712, 716, 725;
Gustavus Adolphus and, rv 207; v 618
" VM" """
222
General Index.
Anhalt-Bernburg, revolutionary movement
in, XI 160
extinction of House of, x 343
Alexander Karl, Duke of, xi 150
Alexius, Duke of, x 373
Anne, Princess of (Countess Anne of
Bentheim), iii 717
Prince Christian I of, iii 712, 717,
719 ; negotiations of, 721~G ; 730-2, 734 ;
diplomatic efforts of, iv 1; the guiding
spirit of the Palatine clique, 12 ; 16 sqq. ;
and the Elector Palatine, 29, 33; with
Mansfeld, 64; and the battle of Prague,
65 sq.; 68; the “ Chancery of, 3,
69 sq. ; end of political importance of, 71
Prince Christian, the younger, iv
65 sq.
Anhalt-Dessau, and the Germanic Con-
federation, X 344
John George I, Duke of, iii 717
Leopold, Duke of, x 373
Leopold IV, Duke of, xi 150
Prince Leopold of, vi 206 sq. ; 210 ;
213; 215 sq.; 244
Prince liioritz of, vi262; 268; 284,
286; 289
Anhalt-Kothen, revolutionary movement in,
XI 150
extinction of House of, x 343
Ferdinand, Duke of, and the Prus-
sian tariff treaty, x 372 sq.
Wolfgang, Prince of, n 196, 205,
215
Anhalt-Zerbst, Prince Christian August of,
VI 657
Princess Elizabeth of, vi 316 ; 657 sqq.
Princess Sophia Augusta Frederica
of. Bee Catharine II, Tsarina
Anhausen, Protestant Union founded at
(1608), III 725
Anhoit, island of, seized (1809), ix 236
Johann Jakob, Freiherr von, after-
wards Count of, Tilly’s lieutenant, iv 79,
85; 162
Anhui, disturbances in, xii 517
Aniello, Tommaso (Masaniello), heads in-
surrection in Naples, ly 657 sq. ; death
of, ih.
Anjala, VI 778; 780; confederation of, 782
Anjou, annexed to the French Crown, i
396; the League in, m 663; . customs of,
V 13; scarcity in, vi 162
House of, I 396
Charles, Count of, King of Sicily,
jtn 464 sq.
Francis of Valois, Duke of Alenqon,
Duke of, and the marriage with Queen
Elizabeth, m 17 sq., 238; and the Nether-
lands, 249, 252 sq.; inaugurated Duke
of Brabant, 254-8, 501 sq. ; 669; death
of, 288, 617
Gaston-Jean-Baptiste, Duke of. Bee
Orleans
— Henry of Valois, Duke ol Bee
Henry HI, King of France,
Anjou, Louis I, Duke of, i 108
Louis III, Duke of, i 108
Philip, Duke of. Bee Philip V, King
of Spain
Bend, Duke of, King of Naples, etc.,
I 108, 396
Anna, Anne, St, the cult of, in Germany,
n 107, 114
Anna, Anne: —
Empress, consort of Matthias, iv 1 ;
death of, 25
(of Hungary and Bohemia) , Empress,
consort of Ferdinand I, i 318; n 198
■ Queen of Great Britain and Ireland,
party government under, Voi. v. Chap.
XV ; 63; 211; marriage of, 230; 247;
262; and the Act of Settlement, 275; and
the Union, 297 sqq.; and the peace
negotiations, 417, 430; and Marlborough,
428; 429; 441; 451; illness and death
of, 459 sq., 610 ; vi 6 ; and the succession,
8, 10 sqq.; illness of, 15 ; death of, 17 sq. ,
and the Scottish peers, 93 ; and the Union;
96; 97; 815 sq.
(Boleyn), Queen of England, second
consort of Henry VIII, marriage of, ii
67 ; 429 sqq., 439 sqq.; trial and execution
of, 445
(of Cleves), Queen of England, fourth
consort of Henry VIII, n 237, 239, 450
sq.
(of Denmark), Queen of England,
consort of James I, iii 551; estranged
from the Protestant faith, iv 89
(of Austria), Queen of France (Infanta),
consort of Louis XIII, in 538 ; 547, 684 ;
marriage of, iv 119; Bichelieu Grand
Almoner to, 123 ; relations of Chateauneuf
with, 142 ; former adherents of, 596 ;
Mazarin and, 597, 608 sq., 702; Anne di
Gonzaga and, 610; affronted by Condd,
612; 614 sq., Begency of, 593, 659; the
marriage of Louis XIV and, 660; v 72;
376 sq.
Duchess of Britanny, Queen of France,
consort of Charles VIII and Louis XII,
Maximilian and, i 302, 395, 450; Charles
VHI marries, 111, 450, 467; Louis XII
and, 483 ; Henry VII and, 466 ; death of,
483
Queen of Holland, consort of Wil-
liam II, XI 664
(de Candale), Queen of Hungary, con-
sort of Wladislav II, i 336
— (Korolewna), Queen of Poland, m
87-9, 97 ; crowned with Stephen Bathory
(1576), 99
— — (of Styria), Queen of Poland, consort
of Sigistound III, m 699, 714
Tsarina of Bussia, v556 sq.; vi 195;
and Poland, 196 sq. ; reign of, 301 sqq. ;
312 sq.; 665; 672; 760; death of, 228,
809
— — Tsaritsa of Bussia, consort of Vladimir,
V 488
General Index. 223
Anna, Anne, contd*:^
(of Anstria), Queen of Spain, fourth
consort of Philip II, marriage of, in 175,
177; intercession of, 227 sq.; death of,
490, 500, 699
— Bnchess of Bavaria, vi 229:
— - de Beanjen. ■ &e Bonrbon
- — ^ Feodorovna ,(of .Cohnrg),. consort of
the , Tsarevich Constantine, x 436'
— Grand Dnchess of Bnssia, Kapoieon
the suitor of, ix 486
Iieopoldovna, See Brans wick- W olfen-
biittel, Princess of
(of Egmont) , .first, wife of ' WMam of
Orange. See Orange
(of Saxony), second wife of . William
of Orange. See Orange
- — ....Petrovna or ^ Tsesarevna. See
Holstein-Gottorp, Anne, Baehess of ■
Annam, China and, xi -. B02; ■ afiairs in
(1787-1902), XII 523 sqq. ; France and,
4, 131 sq.; 536
Annapolis (Maryland), Gonyention at (1786),
yii 244, 312, 314
(Nova Scotia), settlein.ent'' at, ..vn
71 sq., Ill; destroyea..{16l3), 72;. 75;
recovered, 89 ; taken by Sidgwick (1654),
ill; destroyed (1704), 112
Basin, Nova Scotia, American fishing
vessel seized in, vii 659
Annebant,. Clande . de, . baron de Betz,
admiral and marshal of France (d. 1552),
n 78, 97, 460; Venetian mission of,
in 115; dismissed by Seigniory, 116
Anneqy, Charles Emmanuel at, ni 420;
added to France, ix 564, 576
Annenkofi, Michael, Bussian general, xi
629; and the Samarkand railway, xii
343
Annesley Bay, expedition to, xi 753
Annone, capture of, by French (1499), i
121
Annunzio, Gabriele di, xii 13
Anrep, von, Kussian politician, xn 376
Ansbach, re-united to Baireutb, v 622;
margravate of, vi 633; 704; principality
of, reverts to Prussia (1792), viii 630;
proposed cession of, to Austria, 534 ;
French army marches through, ix 255,
266; cession of, to Bavaria, 262, 264,
265, 267, 666
Margraves, etc. of. See Brandenburg-
Ansbach
Anselme, lacques-B.-M. de, French general,
vin 437
Provenqal adventurer, iii 408
Anson, George Anson, 1st Viscount, vi 75 ;
248; 250; First Lord of the Admiralty,
419; 424; death of, 427; x 273
George, General, in India, xi 746
Anstett, Baron Hans P., Eussian diploma-
tist at the Congress of Vienna, ix 686
Anstruther, Sir Bobert, iv 89
Antananarivo, French troops at, xii 130
Antarctic, expeditions to the, xii 815
„Antelia, Lamberto della, betrays Medicean
conspirawsy, i 175
Antibes, the Young Pretender at, vi 110;
^'150; 159sq......
Anticosti, - placed, under Newfoundland
government, X '685 ;
Anti-Ermmutm, in Spain, ii 401
Antietam, hattie of (1862), vii 481 sqq.,
591
Anti’Eugemmi, secret 'society, in Milan,
X 1X1
Antigua ' captured by the French, v 110 ;
.687; VI 454; cotton-growing in, xn 654
Anti- Jacobin^ The, x 580, 700
Antilles, British successes iu, vi 421 ; French
■■ colonial expedition to, ix 80; Missiessy
sails for, 221;-. administration of, x 248;
257 ; Spanish trade with, 275
■Anti-Martiaists, in 344
Anti-Masons, wn 379
Antiparos surrendered by Venice to Turks,
■■ni -1.16
Antivari, captured by Montenegrins, xii
■390 ; 392; - Treaty of Berlin and, 396 «q.;
4-14 .
— bay of, XII 427 sq. .,.
Antoine, , Franqois-P.^N., member of • the
. Directory of ■■Insurrection, viii 232
Antologia^ Italian review, x 128
Antonelle, Pierre-Antolne, Marquis de, viii
504
AntoneHi, Count, xii 240
Giacomo, Cardinal, papal Secretary
of State, X 156 ; xi 93 ; Napoleon III and,
128; 378; 389; 392; character of, 705;
709; 712; and the dogma of Infallibility,
722
Antonino (St). See Florence, Archbishops of
Antonio, Don, of Portugal, m 34; English
expedition for, 317 sq.; vicissitudes of,
5<KI 511
Antonius, Lutheran preacher in Norway,
n 618
Antonovich, Ivan, claimant to the Bussian
throne, vi 660; 680
Antony (Antoine) of Bourbon (Eing-consort
of Navarre). See Bourbon
— — King of Saxony, x 374
Antraigues, Emmanuel - Louis - Henri de
Launay, Comte de, veil 509; 511
Antrim, English Colony in, in 601; the
Steelboys in, vi 491
Alexander Macdonneil, 3rd Ear! of,
V 307
— — Bandal MacDonnell, 2nd Earl and
Ist Marquis of, taken prisoner in Ulster,
IV 316; promises to attack Argyll, 520;
army and, 622; transports Irish troops
into Scotland, 527
Antung, XII 511; Boxers at, 519; 583 sq.
Antwerp, commercial rise and importance
of, I 429, 459, 507 sqq.; Anjou’s attempt
on, ui 35; Calvinists in, 206; Icono-
clastic riot in, 208; William of Orange
at, 211 ; Act of amnesty at, 227 ; Spanish
Fury” at, 245-6, 498; Spaniards ex-
pelled from, 248; States General at, 249;
Thanksgiving service at (1582), 255 ;
“French Fury” at, 256 ; remains faithful
to William of Orange, 257-8; Philip II
at, 480 ; bullion landed at, 493 ; crowning
of Anjou as Duke of Brabant at, 502;
threatened by Maurice of Nassau, 538;
Peace negotiations transferred to, 540;
truce signed at (1609), 558, 642; taken by
Parma, 618-9; trade of, 630, 640; v 199;
407; 457; surrenders to Marlborough
(1706), 416; conference at (1713), 458 sq.;
siege of, vi 246; 247; 641; and the
navigation of the Scheldt, 642 ; 644 sqq. ;
disturbances in, 651; defences of, vni
281; seminary at, closed, 327; 418;
Council of Allies at (1793), 429 ; Piohegru
captures (1794), 436; port improvements
at, IX 120 ; and the Walcheren expedition,
358; prosperity of, x 522, 533; Prince
of Orange at (1830), 535, 537; plots at,
539; ^ege of (1832), 543; 759; the
Regulation of, xi 672; port of, ih,\
674
Anwar-ud-din, Nawab of the Carnatic, vi
Appenzell, joins the Swiss confederacy
(1613), I 308; Canton of, xi 244; 248;
250 sq.
Appleby, Jacobite force at, vi 101
Appomattox, surrender of Lee at (1865),
vn 452, 541 sq. ; capture of provisions at,
540
Apponyi, Count Albert, xii 204 sq. ; 209
Anton Budolf, Count, at Borne, x 139;
at Paris, 495
Count George, xi 152
Aprakin, Stephen, Count, Field-marshal,
Eussian Commander-in-chief, vi 264 ;
266 ; 277 ; 322
Apraksin, Fedor Matveieviteh, Eussian
admiral, v 601 sq. ; 613
Apsley, Lord. See Bathurst, 2nd Bari
Apu-Gapac-Incas, “ headchiefs ” of the
Peruvians, i 45
Apukhtin, Curator of Education in Poland,
XII 336
Apulia, Barbarossa descends upon, in 112;
grazing rights on the tavoliere of, ix 406
Apulian aqueduct, xii 238
Aquaviva, Cardinal, Spanish protector at
the Vatican, vi 110
Aquednok (Ehode Island), settlement of,
VII 20, 23 sq.
Aquila, Alvaro de la Quadra, Bishop of,
Spanish ambassador in England, ii 563,
582 sq. ; m 265, 480, 590
Aquileia, patriarchate of, vi 606 ; regained
, by Austria, ix 660
Niecold Donato, Archbishop of, i 667
Aquinas, St Thomas, influence of, in the
Netherlands, i 627 ; n 125, 127 ; influ-
ence of, ni 740, 749; his Summa^ 766;
XI 718
Aquisgran, Treaty of, vi 363 ; 366
Aquitaine, Charles, Duke of Normandy
and Berry, Duke of, brother of Louis XI,
I 389 sq., 393
Arabi, Ahmad, Pasha, xii 40 ; 240 ; War
Minister in Egypt, 436 sqq. ; 441
Arabia, importance of, in trade, i 28 ; the
Ottomans conquer, 91; Wahabites masters
of, IX 885 ; their successes in, 387 ; British
India and, xi 753 ; Turkey and, xii 4
Arabian Sea, pirates in, vi 531
Arabs (Spanish), translations of, iii 546
Arad, fortress of, xi 184 ; Hungarian
Government at, 210 sqq. ; military execu-
tions (‘ ‘ the Arad Martyrs ”) at, 214
Arago, Etienne, French politician, xi 99
Franqois-Jean-Dominique, ix 133;
X 499 ; XI 26 ; 102 ; Minister of Marine,
104; 118; 124; xii 782
Franqois-Victor-Emmanuel, French
politician, xi 600
Aragon, constitution of, i 350 sq., 353 ;
claim of, on Naples, ni 465 ; Cortes of,
485, 513-^ ; conflict with Philip II, 488,
496, 516-7 ; Inquisition in, 488, 514 ;
Judicial system of, 513 sqq. ; flight of
Perez to, 515; Parliament of, iv 643;
Anyos, Paul, Hungarian poet, xi 422
Anzengruber, Ludwig, Austrian novelist
and dramatist, xi 412; 415; 420
Anzino, Canon, xii 216
Aosta, occupied by Lanneo (1800), ix 60
Duke of. See Amadeo I, King of
Spain
Aoust, Eustache de, French commander,
vni 439
Apa Sahib, Mar4tha chief, xi 725
Apaffy, Michael, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Apia, German aggression at (1885), vii
662
Apocrypha, early printed editions of the,
I 613
Apodaca, Juan Euiz de. Viceroy of
Mexico, X 304
Apolda, Davout marches on, ix 276 ; Berna-
dotte at, 277
Apologia of William of Orange, m 191, 251,
253, 254
Apohgie for Poetrie, Sir P. Sidney’s, ni
366, 372
Apologists, Greek (Athenagoras, Justin
Martyr, Tatian, Theophilus, Clement of
Alexandria, Eusebius of Cesarea,Irenaeus,
Origen), early printed editions of, i 615-6
. Latin (Lactantius, Arnobius, Minucins
Fehx), early printed editions of, i 617
Aportanus, Georgius. See Dare, Jurien
van der
ApoBtolato popolare^ x 106
Apostolic Fathers (Barnabas, Clement,
Ignatius, Polycai^, etc,), early printed
, copies of, i 614-5 .
Apostolimm Fascendi^ Bull of Clement XIII,
VI 593
General Index.
225
Jjos Velez in» 648 ; Philip IV and, 660,'
652 sq., 654,, 658 ; y, 419 ; inyadea bj the .
Allies (1710), 428; vi 136; disaffection
in, 145 ; canal of, 383 ; insurrection in
(1808), IX 436, 438; Preach operations
in, 447, 454, 457 ; Carlist forces in (1337),
X 239 sq. ; clerical influence in, xn 258
Arakan, xi 727 ; ceded to Great Britain,
728 ; 729 ; lost by Burma, xii 479
Arakcheieff, Count Alexei A., Eussian
general and statesman, ix 35 ; 49, 50 ;
Minister for War, 314; influence of, in
Bussia, 483 ; 484, 487 ; x 416 ; supports
Archbishop Seraphim, 425; oppressive
rule of, 427 ; 428 ; 437
Aral, Sea of, Eussian expedition to, v 644 ;
XI 273
Arana, JosA See Baena, Duke of
Aranda, Synod of (1473), i 651
Pedro Abarea y Bolea, Count of,
Spanish statesman, vi 351 ; 369 ; 371
sqq. ; and peace negotiations, 380 ; 382 ;
592 ; vni 782 ; xii 691
Arande, Michel de, preacher of Meaux,
II 282 sqq.
Aranjuez, the Spanish Court at, v 376,
391, VI 166; Treaty of, 363; 371; 383;
League of, 608; revolution of (1808),
IX 430-1; absolutist demonstrations in,
X 224 ; Queen Isabel at, xi 556
Arany, John, Hungarian poet, xi 428 sqq.
Araujo de Lima, Pedro, Eegent of Brazil,
X 325
Arbitration, extended use of, xn 12 ; and
the United States Civil War, 21 sq. Set
also Law, International
Arboga, Articles of, iv 161-9 ; Estates meet
at, 172
Arbroath, Argyll at, vi 103 sq.^
Arbu^s, Peter, Spanish Inquisitor, xi 715
Arbuthnot, John, English writer, v 70
Harriot, Admiral, vi 453
Arcadia, insurrection in, xi 279
Arcadia^ Sidney’s, in 371
Archangel, Dutch factory at, in 632; v
531 ; leather exports from, 534 ; Orthodox
mission in province of, x 422
“ Archdukes, the ” (Archduke Albert of
Austria and the Infanta Isabel Clara
Eugenia), in 536-40, 685. See Albert,
Archduke
Archdukes (the five sons of Maximilian II),
in 698; family compact of (1606), 720
Archenhoiz, Johann Wilhelm von, German
historian, vni 773
Archimedes, v 707 sq.
Arohinard, occupies Timbuktu, xn 129
Archivio Storicot founded, xn 842
Axcimboldo, Giovanni Angelo. See Milan,
Archbishop of
Arcis-sur-Aube, battle of (1814), ix 552
Arco, Duke of, vi 166
Areola, fighting at (1796), vin 579 sq.
Arq-on, Chevalier Jean-Oiaude-Eldonore le
Michaud de,‘ vi 379 sq.
Arcos, revolt at (1820), x 216
— — D. Eodrigo Pouz de L4on, Duke of,
Viceroy of Naples, iv 656 ; flight of, 657
Arcot, seized by Clive, vi 541 ; 543 ; 576
Nawabs of. See Mohammad AJi and
Azim-ud-daulah
Arctic Ocean, and the North-East passage,
XII 792 sqq.
Arcueil, Huguenots at, in 4
Ardagh, Sir John Charles, xii 722
Ardahan, Eussia and, xn 392, 398
Ardee, James 11 retires to, v 313
Ardennes, separation of, from France,
IX 664 ; agriculture in, x 750
Ardoch, Jacobite force at, vi 100
Ardres, fall of, ni 670
Ardschel, Island of, in 109
Areizaga, Spanish general, ordered to march
on Madrid, ix 455 ; troops of, flee to
Murcia, 456
Arellano, Cristdbal de, Spanish reformer,
n 406
Aremberg, Count Jan van Ligne of, in 9,
194, 211, 223, 536
William of. See La Marck, William
de
Arena, BarthAlemy, Jacobin, arrested, ix
17 ■ ■
Arenales, Juan Antonio Alvarez de, x 293
Arenberg, merchandise tolls of, v 547
Areniti, Constantin, military adviser of
Maximilian I, i 133
Areopagus, London Literary Club, m 369
Aresen, Jon. See Holum, Bishop of
Aretin, J. A. von, ix 595
Aretino, Cristoforo, ii 16
Pietro, II 17, 28, iii 459, 468
Arezzo, rebellion of (1510), i 193 sq.
Gentile di, Italian scholar, ii 16
Argali, Sir Samuel, deputy governor of
Virginia, vii 110
Argaum (Argaon), victory of Wellesley at,
IX 440, 726
Argenson, Count Marc-Pierre de Voyer de,
Minister of War, vi 334 ; 338 ; 348
Marc-Een^ de Voyer de, Chancellor
of France (d. 1721), vi 129 ; x 45; 61 ;
65; and the plots of 1820^2, 68, 76;
485 ; 491
Eend-Louis de Voyer de Paulmy,
Marquis of, minister and economist
(d. 1757), Foreign Minister, vi 110 ; 113;
160 sq. ; 243 sqq. ; fail of, 247 ; 329 ;
and Benedict XIY, 591 ; viii 9, 12 ; his
career and principles, 16, 19, 21, 27 ; x
770
Argenteau. See Mercy-Argenteau, F. C.
Argentine Eepublio, independence of, x 287,
293, 301; war of, with Brazil (1825-8),
301, 325; affairs in (1833-1904), xii
680 sqq. ; 672 ; and Paraguay, 674 ;
Brazil and, 676; 679; development of,
690 ; 692; foreign capital In, 694; 701;
boundary arbitration by, 722, 727; 734
Argos, French occupation of, xi 277
226
General Index.
Axguelles, Augustin, x ^18 ; 222 ; appointed
guardian to Queen Isabel, 242
Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of
(Earl of Islay), vi 99
Axehibald Campbell, 4th Earl of, n
457
■ Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of, the
Scotch Covenant supported by, ii 558,
673; m 270-1, 273, 660
Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl, later
Marquis, of , Presbyterianism and, iv 339;
347 ; at the General Assembly at Glasgow,
600; “ Plotters” and, 505; Cromwell and,
350, 608; crowns Charles II at Scone,
610; 520; execution of, v 282
Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of, v
229; 232; and the Scottish Test Act,
287; execution of, 289
George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke
of, XII 23; resigns office, 39; 746
John Campbell, 2nd Duke and 11th
Earl of, V 298; 476 ; vi 96; and the Earl
of Mar’s rising, 99 sq., 102
Argyropoulos, Johannes, Greek professor at
Florence, i 543 ; ii 16
Ariosto, Alfonso, m 462
Ludovico, n 11, 15; 28; in 457-62,
466 ; Orlando Furioso, ii 19 ; iii 469, 471
Arista, Mariano, Mexican general, vii 395
Aristophanes, Hungarian translation of, xi
429
Aristotle, Gemistos Piethon and the study
of, n 701 ; Pomponazzi and the study of,
702 sqq.; influence of, in 740, 746, v
707 sq.; 712; 736; xii 704
Arisugawa, Prince, Japanese Minister, xi
834; 857
Arizona, ceded to the United States (1848),
vii 397
Arkansas, enters the Union (1836), vii 413,
421; and secession, 453-581, 603; in the
Civil War, 462; emancipation in, 595,
698; new government set up in, 625;
becomes Democratic, 642 ; population
of, 695, 711
Arklow, Parnell at, xii 83
Arkwright, Sir Bichard, vn 374; x 735
Arlanges, General de, in Algeria, x 504
Arles, clamours for Papal protectorate, iii
416 ; the plague at, vi 128 ; and the States
General, viij 125; the “White Terror”
at, 387
Arleux, fort at, taken by Marlborough, y
431
Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of, v 100;
113; 152 sq.; 198; and the Triple Alli-
ance, 200; signs the Treaty of Dover,
204; 206; created Earl, 207; 208 sq. ;
and the Test Act, 210; and the Prince
of Orange, 213 sq. ; grants in Yirginia
" made to, vn 9
Anrndaj The Spanish, see Tol. in. Chap.
IX ; Sixtus Y and, 436 ; equipment, des-
patch and catastrophe of, 605 sqq, j v
326. ';;i .
Armagh, BagenaPs defeat at, ni ^ 530 ;
Cathedral of, garrisoned, 590 ; victory
of Tyrone near (1598), 607 ; plantation
of, 614 ; resists English allotment, 615 ;
the Oakboys’ rising near, vi 490 ; Catholics
in, X 644
Armagnac, Jacques de, Duke of Nemours.
See Nemours
Jean Y, Count of, treachery and
death of, i 396 sq., 415
Louis de, Duke of Nemours. See
Nemours
Armagon, fort at, xv 742
Armed Neutrality, the first (1780), vi 449,
460, IX 42 sqq.; the second (1800), 46 sqq.
Armella,* Nicole, French mystic, v 762
Armeiiini, Carlo, Triumvir in Borne, xi 94
Armenia, the Elector Palatine and, v 660 ;
geographical situation of, vi 528 ; Bussia
and, X 645; xii 10; 37
Armenians, xn 342 ; 393 ; the Treaty of
Berlin and, 398 sq. ; 415 sqq.
Arm4nonville, Joseph-J.-B, Fleurian de,
French Keeper of the Seals, vi 162
Armenteros, Tomas, secretary of Margaret
of Parma, ni 195-6, 198, 206, 207
Armfelt, Baron Gustaf Maurice von,
Swedish statesman, vi 778 ; plot of, ix
38 ; 46 ; 487 ; Governor-General of Fin-
land, X 433, 435
Baron Karl Gustaf von, Swedish
general, v 609
Armies, their conditions, organisation etc.,
16th century barbarities of, ni 105, 111',
use of Spanish military treatises for,
548; Austrian, in 1809, ix 346 sq.; in
1813, 522 ; Egyptian, reform in, xn 447
sq. ; English, under Henry YIII, ii 473 ;
the Army Plot (1641), rv 288-9, 291;
in 1642, 302 sqq. ; Cromwell’s Ironsides,
312; reform of, and the Self-denying
Ordinance, 325 sqq.; the New Model in
the field, 329 sqq.; political and military
action of, during the years 1645-9, see
Chap. XI passim^ 336-65; Cromwell’s
Major-Generals, 441 sq.; 542 sqq.; ques-
tion of a standing army, v 113 ;
Wellington’s, of 1815, ix 622 ; Act of
Gladstone’s fixst Ministry and follow-
ing Acts, xn 25 sq. ; attempts at reform
during the last few years, 69 sq. ; Indian,
Lord Curzon’s reforms in, 493 ; European
in general, burden of, 7 sq.; Flemish,
under Philip the Good and Charles the
Bold, I 432; under Mary of Burgundy,
439; French, early misrule and reform
in, under Charles VII and his successors,
I 411 sqq.; in the earlier 16th century,
n 96 sq. ; under Henry lY, in 691 sq. ;
under Louvois, v 18 sq. ; under Louis XY,
VI 269 ; Ghoiseul’s reforms in, 348 sq.;
under Louis XYI, viii 51 sq.; and the
constitution of 1791, 207 ; at the opening
of the wars of the Bevoiution, 401 sqq. ;
reorganisation of, 432 sq.; change of spirit
General Index.
227
in (c, 1795), 445 sq.; the Tiaw of Conscrip-
tion, 518 sq. ; GoEseription under the
First Empire, ix :114 sqq..; strength of,
in 1808-9, S45 ; the Grand Army of
1812, 488 sq., 498, 506; in 1813, 508,
522; Napoleon’s, in 1815, 618 sq.; re-
organised (1832), X 487 ;' under Louis
Napoleon, XI 291; in^ 1870, xi 580 sqq. ;
since 1870,'xn ,96'sq,; Italian, of recent
years, 233 sq.; Japanese (1904), ■578;,
the , Ottoman, constitution of, i 98
sqq. ; under Solyman the Magnificent,
III 126 sq. ; Prussian, organised by, the
Great Elector, y 642 sq., by Frederick I,
669; under Frederick William I, vi 213
sqq. ; remodelling of the (from 1807),
IX 331 sqq.; in 1813, 510; Biiicber’s,
of 1815, 623; in 1870, xi 579; Bussian,
the Strieltzy, and Peter the Great; v 523
sqq.; in 1812, ix 489 sq., in 1813, 509,
522 ; in and after the revolutionary wars,
X 415 sqq.; military colonies, 415 sq.;
under Alexander 11, xi 623 sq. ; reorgan-
ised (1874), xn 295; (1904) East of
Lake Baikal, 577 sq. ; Savoyard, under
Emmanuel Philibert, lu 411 ; of the
Spanish Indies, x 256 sq. ; the Spanish,
in recent years, xn 258 sqq.; Swedish,
under Gustavus Adolphus, iv 193 sq.;
after his death, 228 sqq.; organisation
of, under Charles XI, v 578 ; reformed in
the late 19th century, xii 276 sq.
Arminius, Jacobus (Jakob Herman), and
the doctrine of predestination, n 717 ;
m 646-7 ; iv 717
Arnau, Austrian position at, vi 706
Arnauld, Ang4iique, Abbess of Port-
Boyal, V 83
Antoine, Pascal and, iv 795 ; Carte-
sianism and, v 73; 83 sq.; exile and death
of, 89
Arnauts, in Servia, xn 416
Arndt, Ernst Moritz, ix 328 ; 335, 589 ; x
352 ; 365 ; 403 sq.; xi 49 ; 164 ; 168 ; 199 ;
XII 818
Johann, theologian, v 758 sq.
Arneth, Beichsritter Alfred von, xii 825 ;
829
Arni, Clive at, vi 541; 677
Arnim, or Arnbeim, Hans Georg von, xv
101 ; in Pomerania, 104, 106 ; besieges
Stralsund, 107 sq.; 109; 187 ; sent to the
Polish frontier, 192; in Saxony, 204; 206;
in Bohemia, 209; 211 ; 213; 215 sq,; 219 ;
commands Saxon forces in Silesia, 221;
commands Brandenburg troops, 225 ;
Wallenstein and, 231, 234 sqq, , 240 sq. ;
Silesian scheme of, 236 ; mpch of, to-
wards the Oder, 237 ; 243 ; victory of, at
Liegnitz, 244; 247; negotiations at Pirna
and, 252
Count Harry, German ambassador
in Paris, xn 140; 149
Heinrich Alexander, Baron von,
Prussian Foreign Minister, xi 159
Arnim, Ludwig Achim von, German Bo-
ihanticist, x 401 sqq.; goes to Berlin,
404; 405 sqq. ; xn 818; 822
Amim-Boitzenburg, Count Adolf Heinrich
von, XI 157 sqq.
Arnim-Heinrichsdorf, Count Heinrich Fiied-
. rich von, Prussian Foreign Minister, xi'
200
Arnold of Brescia, and Zurich, n 311
Benedict, American general, vii 170
sq., 215, 226, 230
Gottfried, historian, v 700 sqq.
Matthew, the poems of, xi 354 sq. ;
365
Dr Thomas, and convict colonies,
XI 794 ; XII 835
water-miller in the Neumark, vi 714
Arnold-Forster, Hugh Oakelej, and army
reform, xii 59
Amoldi, Wilhelm, Bishop of Trier* See
Trier
Aron, Peter, Prince of Moldavia, i 83
Arques, battle of (1589), iii 48, 658, 660
Arquien, Henri de Lagrange, Marquis de,
V 356 ; 360
Mary de. See Mary d’Arquien,
Queen of Poland
Arrahbiati, i 169 sq., 174
Arran, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of. See
Chdtelherault, Duke of
James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of, ir 657,
569 ; proposed as husband to Queen
Elizabeth, 574 sq., 580
Captain James Stewart, Earl of
icr. 1581), III 550
Arras, Peace of (1482), i 229, 391, 395, 399,
445; Treaty of (1435), 889, 418, 428, n
36; Treaty of (1579), iii251; attempted
surprise of (1596), 671; Cond6 defeated
before, iv 619 ; the ‘‘Terror” at, vin 372;
fortress of, xi 607
- — - Bishop of. Granvelle, Cardinal
Arrazola, Lorenzo, Spanish statesman, xr
566
ArrSt de 3Iirindol (1540), against the
Waldensea, ii 289
Arrhenius, Svante, Swedish scientist, xii
280
Arrighi, Jean-Toussaint, French general,
the duchy of Padua granted to, ix 111
Arrow ^ The (Zorc/ia), incident of, xi 325, 815
Ars, Louis de, French general, i 125, 127
Arsilli, Francesco, the I>e I^oetis Xlrhanis,
II 15
Art and architecture, English, of late years,
xn 64; European, in general, in the
latest age, 13 sq. ; French, in the IStli
century, i 414 sq. ; under the First
Empire, ix 133 sqq. ; painting, sculpture
and music of the Bestoration, x 103;
in the 19th century, xi 528; German,
Maximilian I and, i 326 sq. ; in Holland,
revival of Dutch painting in recent years,
xii 249 sq. ; Italian, in general, efiects of
the French invasions (from 1494) on, x
228
General Index.
143; and the Italian Benaissance, ii 14
27 sci. ; after the French Bevolution,
X 129 sq. ; in the Netherlands, under the
Burgundian Dukes, i 432 sq, ; in Spain,
in the early 16th century, 382 sq. ; under
Philip lY, IV 662 sqq.; in Tuscany, under
Cosimo de’ Medici, in 394; in Borne,
especially under Sixtus Y, 438 sqq.;
Yenetian, i 284 sq. ; in tlie United
States, VII 748 sq.
Arta, bridge of, xn 403
Arta-Yolo, frontier of Greece, x 202, 204
Artevelde, Jacques van, i 426
Arthur, Chester Alan, President of the
United States, vii 650, 652
Articles of Keligion, The Forty-Two, ii508;
the Thirty-Nine, 587 sq.; the Marburg,
209
Artico, Filippo, Bishop of Asti. JSfee Asti
ArticuU cleri, iii 563
Artigas, Jos4, x 300
Artista, Ely Spanish periodical, x 241
Artois, ceded by France (1493) to Burgundy,
1 229, 392, 395, 451, 454; claim of Francis!
to, n 72 sq.; inarch on, 76; France re-
nounces claim to (1529), 102; French
designs on, in 16, 34; Catholics in, 251;
raids into, 666, 671; loss of greater part
of, to Spain, iv 620, 660 sqq. ; Estates of,
Y 4 ; vjii 39 ; agricultural population
in, 61
Charles-Philippe, Comte de. See
Charles X, King of France
Arundel, Henry Fitz-Alau, 12th Earl of,
II 497 sqq., 506, 525 ; and Philip II, ni
281
of Wardour, Henry Arundel, 3rd
Baron, v 202; 204; 220
and Surrey, Thomas Howard, 2nd
Earl of, confinement and release of, iv
264 sq. ; at Vienna, 276
Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury,
II 464
Aruwhimi river, exploration on, xn 812
Asan, XII 510; Japanese occupation of, 511
Asben, explorers at, xii 810
Asbjomsen, Peter Christian, Norwegian
writer, xi 701
Aschafenburg, taken by the Swedes, iv
208; “Pragmatic Army*’ at, vi 238;
Jourdan repulsed at, vin 497; granted
to Dalberg, ix 414; acquisition of, by
Bavaria, 658
Ascham, Eoger, and classical studies at
Cambridge, i 580; and John Frederick
of Saxony, ii 275
Aschersleben, castle of, v 618
Asooli, Trojano Marulii, Duke of, x 112
Afi61, Anton, Spanish Reformer, ii 408
AselH, Caspar, anatomist, v 727
As4nyeS, Russian journalist, xn 298
Ashbourne, Edward Gibson, Lord, Lord
' Chancellor of Ireland, xii 83
Ashbumham, John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl
0^ VI 428
Ashburton, river, gold discovered on, xn
619
Alexander Baring, Lord, and the
Webster- Ashburton Treaty (1842), vn
391 sq. ; X 355; 615
■ John Dunning, Lord, as Solicitor-
general, VI 439; 442; 455; 459
Ashinoif, Cossack adventurer, xn 343
Ashley, Anthony, Lord. See Shaftesbury
Ashta, fight at, XI 726
Asia, Russian policy in, v 544 sq, ; a market
for English products, ix 363; Russian
advances in, xi 272 sqq., 630, 632 ;
European influence in, xii 4; Russia
and England in, 94; French colonisa-
tion in, 159; bubonic plague in, 486 sq. ;
modern exploration in, 792 sqq.
Central, rivalry of Great Britain and
Russia in (1833), x 556, 558, xii 343; 373
— — Eastern, Germany and, xii 160
— Minor, insurrection in, iii 701;
Turkey and, xii 4 ; Germany and, 10 ;
the Busso-Turkish War in, 389; the
Treaty of Berlin and, 398 ; 416 ;
massacres in, 417; 418; archaeological
research in, 774
Asiatic Company of Denmark, vi 738
AsientOy secured for French traders, v 403 ;
England and, 445 ; 455; 684; vi25; the
English South Sea Company and, 64
^q.; 167; 178; 181; 363
Asiu, explorers at, xii 810
Aske, Robert, rebellion of (1536), n 446 sq.;
468
Askew, Anne, ii 466 sq.
Asparros, Andr^ de Foix de, invades
Navarre and Castile (1521), i 378
Aspern, battle of (1809), ix 345 sq., 350
sqq.; results of, 352; 353; 401
Aspre, Constantin de, Baron, Austrian
general, ix 353 ; xi 95
Aspromonte, Garibaldi wounded at, xi
534; 535
Asquith, Herbert Henry, Home Secretary
(afterwards Prime Minister), xii 49 ; 750
Assab bay, Italian occupation of, zii 664
Assada Association, iv 731 ; 746
Assam, xi 727 ; ceded to Britain, 728 ; united
to Eastern Bengal, xii 495 ; caravan route
to, 793; 796
Assaye, victory of Wellesley at (1803), ix
440; 726
Assche, Marlborough at, v 420
Asseirceira, the Migueiists defeated at
(1834), X 336
Assembly of Notables (1527), ii 57, 284;
(1568), 93; at Fontainebleau (1560), 298.
See also Council of Notables
Assiette, Col de, Belleisle’s march by,
VI 245; 362
Assiniboia, district of, xi 776
Assiout, travellers at, xii 805
Assuan, dam of, xn 446; James Bruce at
805
Assyria, researches in, xh 845 sq.
General Index. 229
Asti, claimed by Francis I, m 110, claimed
by Spain, 400, disorder in, 401, e¥acna-
tion of, 407; Peace of (1615), ivl20; vi
161; French defeat at, 245
Filippo Artico, Bishop of, xi S60
Astley, Sir Jacob (Baron Astley), w 304 ;
at Haseby, 330; at Stow-on-the-Woid,
335 ,
Aston, Sir Artlitir, in ■ Drogheda, ■ iv 533
— 'Sir Bichard, Irish Chief Justice, vi
490
Astorga, Baird reaches, rs 443; the Em-
peror at, 445; 448; fall of (1810), 458
Astoria, port of, yii 364
Astiabad, ' ceded to Eussia, v 545
Astrakhan, annexed to Eussia,, v 479; 494;
rcYolt at (1705), 531; 544; system of
recruiting In, X 415
Astronomy, history of. See Science
Astrue, Jean, studies of, on the Pentateuch,
■ XII -816 '
Asturias, arrival in London of deputies
from, IX 440; Liberalism in, x 214;
revolt in (1820), 216; Biego banished to,
221; the Junta of, 282, 303
Prince of the. See Ferdinand VII,
King of Spain
Asuneidn, government of, x 246; 269
Atacama, xii 678 ; frontier dispute in, 679
Atahualpa, Head-chief of the Inca people,
X 299
Atalaya, Spanish periodical, x 207
Atbara river, sources of, xii 805
Ath, restored to Spain, v 45, 63; captured
by Marlborough (1706), 416
Athabasca, district of, xi 776
Athenry, Cathedral Church of, iii 593
Athens, surrendered to the Turks (1457),
I 74, 285; captured by the Venetians
(1687), V 365; civil war in, xi 642; xii
403 ; demonstrations at, 408 ; rising at,
420 ; 421 sq.
Franco Acoiaiuoli, Duke of, i 74
Athlone, besieged (1690), v 315, (1691),
317 sq.
Godert de Ginkel, 1st Earl of, in
Ireland, v 316 sqq. ; takes Limerick,
' 319
Atholl, John Murray, let Duke of, vr 92
John Stewart, 4th Earl of, iii 270,
272, 279
Athos, Mount, v 507 sq.
Atkins, Sir Jonathan, Governor of Bar-
bados, V 690
Atlanta, Sherman’s campaign against, vii
514, 521; captured (1864), 522, 523,
526, 579; 551
Atlantic Monthly ^ vn 746
Atlantic Ocean, submarine telegraph under,
XI 346
Atlas, Mount, xn 805
Atouguia, Count of, executed, vi 386
Atrek river, Eussia and, xii 343
Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Boohester^.
VI 44
Attrition,, doctrine of, in, later. Middle Ages,
■ H ' ■ 126 ; distlBg'uished Iroin contrition,
126
Attwood, Thomas, and ^ the Birmingham
' Political Union, x 612, 615 ; in Parlia-
ment, 656 ; 675 ; and' the Chartist move-
ment, 683
Atuntse, caravan route to, xii, 793; 796
Auber, Daniel-Fran(?ois-Esprit, ' x 103
Aubert-Dubajet,' J.-B.-Annibal, Minister of
War, vm 490
Aubigne, Theodore- Agrippa de, ra 62, 64 ;
■ V 20 "
Aubigny, Esmd Stewart, Seigneur de. See
Lennox
Stuart de, French general (1494), i
113, 123 sq., 155
Aubray, Sieur de, leader of the PoUtiques^
HI 70 ,
Aubry, Emile, French politician, xi 492
Franqois, member of the National
Convention, viii 442, 512
Aubusson, Pierre de, Grand Master of the
Knights of St John, i 84, 86
Auch, Eepublican attack on, xi 137
Auchmuty, Sir Samuel, at Buenos Ayres,
IX 753
Auchterarder, Jacobite force at, vi 100;
102
Auchy, member of the Extraordinary Junta
for Tuscany, ix 399; 419
Auckland, capital of New Zealand, xi 793
sq.; province of, 796
George Eden, 1st Earl of, Governor-
General of India, xi 731 sqq.; 743
William Eden, 1st Baron, vi 471;
viii 284, 287 sq. ; British Minister at the
Hague, 294, 301; 429; and Ireland, ix
699; 702
Aud4oud, and the conquest of Dahomey,
xn 129
Audijos, leader of the rising in Gascony,
V 9
Audley, Edmund, Bishop of Salisbury, books
collected by, i 597
Thomas, succeeds More as Chan-
cellor, II 438
Auerbach, Berthold, German novelist, xi 418;
420
Auersperg, Prince AdoK von, xn 188 sq.;
192; 194
Count Anton Alexander von (“ Ana-
stasius Griin”), xi 173; 413
Prince Carlos von, xxi 185 sq.
Prince Johann Weiehard von, Aus-
trian statesman, v 349; 352
Auerstadi, Prussian army at, ix 275; battle
of (1806), 276 sqq., 326 ; Scharnhorst at,
332
Auerswaid, Alfred von, Prussian statesman,
XI 159
— — - Hans Adolf Erdmann von, Prussian
general, xi 169
Eudolf von, Prussian Minister-Presi-
dent, XI 166, 191
230
General Indeso.
Aufklanmg, in Switzerland, yi 625; pene-
trates Poland, 671; in Bnssia, under
Catharine II, 686 sqq. ; Frederick the
Great and, Chap, xx passim ; the Eosicru-
cians and, 726 sq. ; in Germany, vin 772
sqq.
Angereau, Pierre-Franqois-Charles, Dnc de
Gastiglione, Marshal of France, yiii 440,
444, and the coup d’Hat (1797), 508 sq.,
512, 591 ; in Italy, 564, 566 sqq., 574 sq.,
678 ; IX 66 ; 89, 252 ; marches from Brit-
anny, 253 ; sent to Tyrol, 256 ; surrender
of Jeilachieh to, 258; in Swabia, 258;
262 ; commands the 7th corps, 275 ; at
Thom, 281; 284; at Eylau, 286; 287;
captures the fortress of Hostalrich, 457 ;
superseded by Macdonald, 464; on the
Council of War, 565
Aughrlm, battle of (1691), y 261, 318
Augier, Guillaume- Victor-Emiie, French
dramatist, xi 616 sq.; 648
Augila, Homemann at, xn 806
Augsburg, decline of, i 507 ; Lutheranism
adopted by, ii 233 sq. ; Zwinglianisin at,
216 ; the Interim in, 264, 266 ; submits
to Charles V (1547), 258 ; Luther at,
133; Catholics in, iii 158, iv 12, 77;
saved by Werth, 391; Treaty of Ulm
and, ih,; Swedish army in, 214; and the
Peace of Westphalia, 413; commercial
state of, 420 ; Bavaria and, v 52 ; 408 ;
410; Alliance (1686), 35, 52 sq., 235,
654 ; proposed Congress at, vi 343 ; occu-
pation of, by the French, ix 64 ; Napoleon
reaches, 255; annexed by Bavaria, 262,
269
Diets of (1500), i 308, (1510), 319,
(1518), II 40, 133, (1525), 191, 196, (1530),
25, 211, 213, (1547), 84, 262 sq., (1555),
276,672, (1559), m 163, (1566), 172 sq.,
(1582), 706; Kecess of (1530), 214, (1555),
277; Confession of (1530), 211 sqq., iii
141, 163, 174, 180, 210, 740, iv 68, 111,
200, 412 ; Eeligious Peace of (1555), ii 89,
277 sq., in 140 sqq., 162 sqq., 714, 718,
723 sqq., 754, iv 3, 109, 410, 676, v 627
Henry von Knorringen, Bishop of
(d. 1646), ra 723 ; iv 110
Otto Truchsess of Waldburg, Car-
dinal-Bishop of, at the Diet of Augsburg
(1555), II 276; m 161; 707
Augusta (Georgia), settlement of, 62 ; oc-
cupied by the British (1778), vii 219,
abandoned, ih,
Maria Louisa, Princess of Weimar,
German Empress, consort of William I,
in 1848, XI 159; xn 149
Princess of Bavaria, wife of Eugene
Beauharnais, ix 265
Princess of Wales, vi 417; 423;
434
Victoria, Empress of Germany, xn
165
Augustenburg, Christian, Duke of, xi 226
sq.; 696
Augustenburg, Prince Christian liugustus
of. See Schleswig-Holstein- Augustenburg
Frederick, Duke of, claims on Schles-
wig-Holstein of, XI 437 sqq. ; 477 ; Prussia
and Austria and, 444 sqq. ; 448 sq.
Augustine, St, Buie of, ii 114; Calvings
relation to, 365; and the Teutonic Ee-
naisisance, 712 sq.; the Jansenists and,
V 82 ; 755
Augustinian Eremites, Order of, ii 106;
history of, 114; University of Witten-
berg and, 117; 131; and the Eeform
movement, 161
Augustinus Triumphus. See Triumplius
Augustov, Polish province, x 449; 470
Augustus II, King of Poland (Frederick
Augustus I, Elector of Saxony), v 369 ;
King of Poland, 370 sq., 417 ; 438 ; and
Peter the Great, 526 ; 555 ; and Den-
mark, 580 sq. ; and Patkul, 586, 595 ;
joins the league against Sweden (1699),
580, 587 ; and the great Northern War,
687 sqq. ; Charles XII and, 589, 592 ;
deposed, 593; treaty of, with Sweden
(1706), 595 ; and the Emperor Joseph,
596; and the second anti- Swedish league
(1709), 602; 603 sq. ; 606 sq.; 660; and
Frederick I of Prussia, 666 ; 743 ; vi 35
sq.; 151 ; 156 ; crowned, 191 ; and Lithu-
ania, 192 ; 193 sq. ; 198 ; and the Prag-
matic Sanction, 202 ; 239 ; 303 ; 665 ;
death of, 166
Ill, King of Poland (Frederick
Augustus II, Elector of Saxony), vi 193 ;
195 sqq.; marriage of, 201; and the
Austrian Succession, 228 sq., 231 sq. ;
242; and the Convention of Hanover,
244; Frederick the Great and, 251, 254
sq., 266 ; 303 ; 310 ; 346 ; 665 sq. ; 703 ;
and the Peace of Teschen, 707; death of,
200, 353, 628 ; vni 522
Aulard, Franqois-V.-Alphonse, historian,
XII 833 sq.
Aulic Council, See ReichsTiofrath
Aulich, Louis, Hungarian general, xi 214
Aulick, Commodore, mission of, to Japan,
XI 824
Aulnay-Gharnis5, Charles de Menou, Sieur
de, VII 110 sq,
Aumale, Henry IV in danger of capture at,
m 51
Caroline, Duohesse de, xi 553
Charles of Lorraine, Duke of (son of
Claude II), m 46 sq. ; 663; 669
Claude II of Lorraine, Duke of, ii
273 ; III 5, 12, 19
Henri-Eug5ne-Philippe-Louis d*Or-
Mans, Due de, xi 33; 505; 563; xn
105; 107; 834
Aumont, Jean de, Marshal of France, in
47
Aun^er, Gerald, in India, v 698
Aunis, customs of the, v 13
Aurang4b4d, Malik Amhar at, vi 515;
Wellesley captures (1803), ix 726
General Index.
231
Auras, Eussian troops at, vi 294 ; 299
Auratns (Jean Borat). Bee Dorat
Aures, revolt of, xu 129
Anrispa, Giovanni, Italian humanist, i
550
Aurungzeb, Moghul Emperor, v 697 Bqq^;
VI 518 sqq. ; and the Marathas, 521 sq. ;
death of, 523; 532
Ansserrhoden, vi 625 ■
Aussig, Charles of Lorraine at, vi 244;
/, '257'
Austen, Jane, novelist, vi 833; xi 360
Austerlitz, battle of (1805), ix 117, 260 sqq, ;
campaign of, 396 ; effect of the news of,
on Pitt, 684
Austin, John, jurist, ix 160 sq.; x 598
Australasia, development of (1815-70),
YoL XI, Chap, xxvii (4); self-govern-
ment in, 761; emigration to, xn 63;
and Chinese immigration, 503; develop-
ment of, 618 sqq. ; 734 sq. ; 805
Australia, trade of, with California, vii 402 ;
colonial empire in, ix 735 sqq. ; the wool
trade with, x 751, 759 sq.; British policy
in, XI 16; 310; 760; Constitutional Act
(1850) of, 763; xii 2; and imperial de- vi
fence, 47; 57; 94; and Germany, 160
sq.; development and progress of, 603
sqq., 618 sqq. ; federation of, 631 sqq. ;
and naval defence, 649, 651; 650; and
New Guinea, 666; and the Pacific Islands,
667 sq. ; labour legislation in, 751 ; social
movements in, 753, 755, 763
South, XI 792; a Crown colony,
794; population of, 796, 799; 797 sq. ;
development and progress of, zn 619 sqq.,
624 sqq., 629, 631 vi
Western, origin of, xi 791 ; convicts
sent to, 795; 797. sq.; population of,
799; development and progress of, xii
619 sqq. ; and immigration, 626 ; 630
sq. ; 634 ; aboriginal population of, 624,
629
Australian Agricultural Company, xi 790
Austria
I X Hungary and the Sclavonic king-
doms, passim f {chiefly) 329-44
See also here Maximilian I, ix
Emperor-Elect
II ii Habsburg and Yalois (i), 36-65
hi Habsburg and Yalois (ii), 66-103
Bee also Germany
in Y The Empire under Ferdinand I
and Maximilian H, ^assim^
140-81
xxi The Empire under Budolf II,
passim, 696-735
For Austrian relations with
Turkey, see also iv The Height
of the Ottoman Power, passim^
104-39
IV i The Outbreak of the Thirty Years’
War, passim i 1-34
ii The Yalteliine (1603-39), passim,
35-63
Austria, contd,
X7 hi The Protestant Collapse (1620-
30), passim., 64-117
■ iv Bicheiieu, passim, 129, 138, 141
sqq.
vi Gustavus Adolphus, passim, 190-
222 ■■
vh Wallenstein and Bernard of
Weimar (1632-5), passim, 223-
■' 55 ' . ..
; xih The later years of the Thirty
Years’ War (1635-48), passim,
364-94
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, passim,
395-433
xxih Papal policy (1590-1648), passim,
673 sq., 676 sqq.
V XU Austria, Poland and Turkey, 338-
71^ ■■
xih The Treaties of Partition and the
Spanish Succession, passim,
372-400
xiv The War of the Spanish Suc-
cession and the Peace of
Utrecht, passim, 401-59
vih The War of the Austrian Suc-
cession, 201-50
ix The Seven Years’ War, 251-300
xi The reversal of alliances and the
Family Compact, passim, 329-
60
xvi Italy and the Papacy, passim,
586-610
xviii Joseph II, 626-56
XX Frederick the Great and his suc-
cessors, passim, 702-34
xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim, 306-
37
xiv The General War [of the Frencdi
Bevolution], passim, 398-446
xvii The extinction of Poland (1788-
97), passim, 521-52
xxi The Second Coalition [against
the French Bevolution], passim,
633-64
XXV p. 776
ih The pacification of Europe
(1799-1802), passim, 55-80
iv France and her tributaries (1801
-3), passim, 81-106
ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806>^7),
passim, 265-93
xi The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9), passim, 294-
340
xii The War of 1809, 341-60
xiv The French dependencies, passim,
390-427
xvii The War of Liberation (1813-4),
506-54
zix The Congress of Yienua, I (1814-
5), 676-615
232
General Index.
Austria, contd,
IX xxi The Congress of Vienna, II (181S),
646-71
2 i The Congresses (1815-22),
sxm, 1-39
XY Italy, passim, 104-30
V The Papacy and the Catholic
Church, passim, 131-68
vi Greece and the Balkan Peninsula,
passim, 169-204
xi The Germanic Federation (1816-
40), passim, 340-82
xvii Mehemet Ali, passim, 545-72
XI iii Liberalism and Nationality in
Germany and Austria (1840-8),
43-64
iv Italy in Bevolution (1846-9), pas-
sim, 65-95
vi The Bevolution and the Eeaction
in Germany and Austria, I
(1848-9), 142-201
vii The Bevolution and the Beaction
in Germany and Austria, II,
202-33
xiv Cavour and the Kingdom of Italy
(1849-61), passim, 366-92
XY Austria, Prussia, and the Ger-
manic Confederation
(1) Eeaction and Beorganisa-
tion (1852-62), 393-410
(2) German Literature (1840-
70), 411-20
(3) The National Spirit in
Hungarian Literature
(1686-1900), 421-31
xvi Bismarck and German Unity,
passim, 432-66
xix The completion of Italian Unity,
passim, 529-49
XXV Borne and the Vatican Council,
passim, 703-23
XU vii Austria-Hungary, 174-212
xiv The Ottoman Empire and the
Balkan Peninsula, passim, 381
-423
Austria, House of. See Habsburg
Leopold ni, Duke of, i 264, 342
Austro-Hungarian Bank, xii 191; 203
Austruweel, rout of Calvinists at (1567),
III 211-2
Auteil, de, French ojEScer in India, vi 541
Autenil, ideologues at, ix 21, 24
Autichamp, Charles de Beaumont, Count
de, IX 2; 14
Autos-de-fe, at Seville and Valladolid, ii
404, 407 sg. ; at Palma, Majorca, 1691,
v375.
Autre Eglise, and battle of Bamillies, v
415 sq.
Autun, revolt of (1595), m 667
Auvergne, ni 418
Charles de Valois, Count of. See
Angoul5me
Auxerre, Napoleon at, ix 574
Jacques Amyot, Bishop of, lu 56
Ava, XI 727; British Besident at, 729; 742
Avalos, Costanza de. See Amalfi
Avanti, Italian socialist journal, xii 225;
231 sq.
Avaux, Claude de Mesmes, Count of, agent
of Bichelieu at Stuhmsdorf, iv 365 ;
French plenipotentiary in Germany, 373 ;
negotiations at Hamburg between Salvius
and, 377 ; 397 ; proposal of, in 1641, 398 ;
at Miinster, 402 sq. ; at the Hague, 602
Jean- Antoine de Mesmes, Count of,
French ambassador at the Hague, v 165
sq., 244, 397; in Leland, 307 sq., 312,
314; 417; in Sweden, 566, 585
Aveiro, Duke of, executed, vi 386
Avellain, Admiral, visits Toulon, xii 98
Avellaneda, Bernardino de, iii 322
Avellino, revolt at (1820), x 112
Avenir, Le, founded by Lamennais, x 163 ;
164
national, Le, French journal, xi 487
Aventinus, Johannes, Bavarian historian,
n 202
Aversa, capitulation of the French at (1528),
n 59
Carlo Carafia, Bishop of, nuncio to
Emperor Ferdinand II, iv 73, 83 ; zeal of,
111
Giovanni Bernardino di, Italian re-
former, II 391
Averyshorough, Slocum attacked at (1865),
vn 530
Avesnes, acquired by France, v 33
Avignon, Charles IX at, iii 7, Henry HI
at, 25; city of, v 449; the Old Pretender
at, VI 27, 104; 128; 594; restored to the
Papacy, 595; revolutionary disorder in,
VIII 217 sq.; united to France, 217;
Marseillais routed at, 348; Napoleon at,
362 ; the “ White Terror ” in, 387 ; com-
pensation demanded for loss of, ix 182;
Pius VII banished to, 196; added to
France, 664; retained by France, 576;
claim of Papacy to, 661; Pius VII and,
■ X 144
Avila, Juan de, Spanish reformer, ii 409
Juan Alvarez de, Spanish admiral,
III 639
Sancho de, in 215, 239, 245, 520
Avogadro, Americo, Conte di Quaregna,
man of science, xii 769 sq.
Avonmore, Barry Yelverton, 1st Viscount,
as Irish Attorney-general, vi 502
Avranches, captured by Montpensier, in 51
Jean Bochard, Bishop of, i 637
Avvakum, Bussian ecclesiastic, v 509; 524
Awa, daimid of, xi 834; 836; 846; 850; 864
Awans, political faction in Li^ge, i 422
Axarquia, battle of the (1483), i 358
Axiake. See Ochakoff
Axim, taken by the Dutch (1642), iv 759
Ayacucho, battle of, 295 sq., (1824), x 307,
XII 689
Ayala, Pedro de (Bishop of Catania),
Spanish ambassador in England, i 471
General Index.
233
Ajamonte, Eodrigo de Guzman, 0. of
Saites, Martinis of, treason and exeention
of, lY 652 sq.
Aylmer, John, Bishop of London, iii 34S
Aymara-Quichua (Peruvians), i 3^ 4:5
Ayr, and the Treaty of Union, v 299
Ayrshire, recusants in, v 283 sq. ; 285
Ayrton, Acton Smee, First Commissioner
of Works, XII 29
Ayscue, Sir George, Admiral, West Indian
Islands subdued by, rv 466 ; 468 ; 470; in
the Downs, 471; defeated by Buyter off
Plymouth, 472; 477
Ayub Ehan, xn 37 ; defeated at Kandahar,
475
Ayuthia, capital of Siam, xn 534 sq.
Azarea, Josd Nicolas de, Spanish ambassa-
dor, IX 77
AzefE, Eussian police agent, xn 350; 376
AzegHo, Massimo Taparelli, Marquis de, the
Hicordi, x 108-9, xi 547 ; other publica-
tions of, X 127; 156; 167 sq. ; xi 65; the
Casidi Bomagna^ 66 sq., 69, 73; expelled
from Florence, 69; 70; the Lutti di
Lombardia^ 80, 546; 84; Minister for
Foreign Affairs, 367 sqq. ; separates from
Cavonr, 370 sq. ; Ministry of, 371; 373;
529; 548
Azim, son of Dost Mohammad, xii 459
Azim-ud-danlah, Nawab of Arcot (or the
Carnatic), accession of, ix 724
Azim-ui-Umar4, at Haidarabad, ix 721 ; 722
Azoff, conquered by Peter the Great, v 370;
371, 521 sq. ; 503 ; 520 ; ceded to Busaia,
527; 531; 545; 603 sq. ; abandoned by
Eussia, 606; 677; vi 305 sqq.; acquired
by Eussia, 674
Sea of, Bussian fleet in, v 527, 605 ;
XI 322
Azores Islands, discovery of, i 12; projects
to colonise, 10, 15, 19; Lord Thomas
Howard sent to, in 319 ; Spanish squadron
at, 531 ; Dutch squadron at, 539 ; British
convoys captured at, vi 377 ; Miguelists
in (1828), X 323; Villa Flur in, 326;
Dom Pedro in, 827
Azteea (“crane-people’*), Mexican tribe,
I 39
Baahus, Treaty of Boeskilde and, iv 586
B4bar, ^ahirrnddin Mahmud, Moghul Em-
peror, VI 507 ; career of, 508 sqq. ; death
of, 510; 514; 524
Babeau, A., on social conditions in France,
VIII 63 sq.
Baber, Colborne, in China, xii 797
Babeuf, Fran<?ois-Noei, French communist,
VIII 34, 503 sq., 790
Babington, Antony, arrest of, ni 291 sq.
Babylonish flaptivity^ Luther’s, ni ,738
Baccioehi, Elise, See Bonaparte, Blise
Bacelii, Alfredo, Italian statesman, xii 228
Bach, Alexander von, Austrian statesman,
XI 153; 155; 171 ; and the Austrian Con-
stitution, 174; Minister of Justice, 176,
190; 179; and Hungary, 181, 183, 398
sq, ; 185,;, '. resigns, 186 ; 187; policy of,
215 sq.; Minister of the Interior, 216,
■ 398;- '217; 401; dismissed, 403 ; xn 176;
178 sqq. ; 192
Bacher, French President in the ■ Grand
Duchy of Frankfort, ix 414
“Back-lane Parliament,” of Myles Keon
and Wolfe Tone, x 628
Bac-le pass, French troops attacked in,
XII. 131
Baco de la Ohapelle, Mayor of Nantes,
vm 341
Bacon, Anthony, iir 335
Sir Francis (Viscount St Albans
and Baron Verulam), influence of New
World discovery on, i 62 sq.; 205; ii
691, 706; in 329 sq.; and Essex, 335
sq.; and Puritanism, 347; 553; 557;
and Coke, 564 sqq.; fall of, 571-2; 737;
748 ; and Ireland, iv 513; his Novum
Organum, v 716, 724 sq. ; vi 793 ; 803
Nathaniel, Virginian settler, vii 9
Sir Nicholas, becomes Chancellor,
II 565, 668 ; ni 280
— — Boger, I 18, 585 ; works of, 587,
590
Badagry, explorers at, xii 807 sq.
Badajoz, death of Anne of Austria at, iir
600 ; V 416 ; 456 ; royal wedding at, vi
166; Treaty of (1801), ix 72, 75,606;
Victor advances on, 449 sq.; army of La
Bomana at, 460; surrenders to Soult
(1811), 462; 463; besieged by Welling-
ton (1811), 466; siege of, abandoned,
467 sq.; captured by Wellington (1812),
471 sq.
Badakshan, province of, vi 518; Eussia
and, XII 461 ; 801
Baden, margravate of, invaded by the
French, v 57; 418; receives bishopric of
Constance, ix 94 ; the Church in, 201 ;
joins France, 253 ; 262 ; Grand Duchy
of, 581; and the Couj^ess of Vienna,
649, 651 ; succession of, and the Allied
Powers, X 19; 22; 31; relations of the
Papacy with, 148 sq. ; and German unity,
842 sq.; and the Germanic Confedera-
tion, 344 ; and Bavaria, 346, 359, 361 sq. ;
858 ; the political position of, 361 ; Con-
stitution of (1818), 362; 363; and the
Carlsbad meeting, 366; and the
369 ; and customs reform, 372 ; constitu-
tional concessions in, 375 ; and the press
laws, 377; 380; and the Protestant
Churches, 382 ; revolutionary movement
in, XI 60 sqq., 144 sq., 152, 192, 218 ; and
the Vorpariwment, 163 ; insurrection in,
221; and Prussia, 228; the “Articles’*
of, 246 ; 259; and the Schleswig-Hol-
stein question, 438; and the Austro-
Prnssian war, 457; and the North Ger-
man Confederation, 460 sq., 464 sq. ; and
the Franco- German War, 464 ; and the
Papacy, 708 ; legal code of, xii 150
234
General Index.
Baden, House of, iii 704 ; religious attitude
of, 159 ; an original member of the Pro-
testant Union, 725
Margraves of: — Charles II, m 150,
164 ; Christopher I (and of Hochberg),
excluded from the Swabian League, i
321; Philibert, at Moncontour, in 12 sqi,;
Philip I, humane policy of, ii 191
Charles Prederick, Grand Duke of,
X 361
Charles (Louis Frederick), Grand
Duke of, marries Josephine’s niece, ix
265, X 361 ; and the Congress of Vienna,
IX 582 ; 610 sq.; x 145 sq. ; 362
Frederick I, Grand Duke of, xi 397;
406
Leopold I, Grand Duke of, x 375;
XI 60; 145; 218 sq.
Frederica Dorothea of, marries Gus*
tavus IV Adolphus of Sweden, ix 38
Louisa Caroline (Countess von Hoch-
berg), Grand Duchess of, x 361
(in Aargau), Federal Swiss Diet at
(1623), n 320; (1528), 329; Disputation
at (1526), 325 sq, ; Peace of (1714), v 436,
450, 454 sq., vi 614
Baden-Baden, margravate of, iv 84; Ca-
tholicism of House of, in 710
Edward Fortunatus, margrave of,
IV 79
Lewis William, margrave of, v 61 ;
341; 366; commander of the Imperial
Army, 368 ; 369 ; and the Spanish Suc-
cession, 401 ; Bhine campaign of (1702),
406 ; at Stolhofen, 407 ; 408 ; joins Marl-
borough, 409 ; besieges Ingolatadt, 410 ;
414; 416; 437 ; 452; death of, 418; vi
191
Philip, margrave of, iii 716; his
wife Sibylla, ih.
Jacobasa of. See Julich-Cleves
Baden-Durlach, margravate of, iv 66; 84;
re-instatement of House of, at Peace of
Westphalia, 409
Ernest Frederick, margrave of, at
Heilbronn, in 714
George Frederick, margrave of, iv 1;
67; 79; defeated by Tilly at Wimpfen,
Prince of (son of Prince Christopher
of), VI 289 sq.
Baden-Hochberg, Jacob III, margrave of,
III 710
Badeni, Count Kasimir Felix, Austrian
statesman, xii 197; administration of,
200 sqq.
Badenoch, Jacobites at, vi 103, 117
Bader, Augustin, German sectary, n 224
Badia, Tommaso, church reform and, ii
379, 643 sq.
Badius Ascensius (Bade of Asche), the
Brethren of the Common Life and, i 435
Badli Sarai, fight at, xi 746
Badoer, Alberto, ambassador to Sixtus V,
, III 445
Badoer, Alvisi, sent to Constantinople, as
ambassador of peace, ni 116
Baduel, Claude, Protestant Rector of Nismes
University, n 292
Baeda, ecclesiastical historian, i 535
Baena, Isabel de, Spanish Reformer, ii
406 sq.
Jos6 Arana, Duke of, xi 560
Barenklau, Johann Leopold, Baron zu
Schonreith, Austrian Field-marshal, vi
233; 236
Barsch, Georg B., one of the founders of
the Tugendhund (1808), ix 328
Barwalde, Treaty of (1631), iv 141, 198 sq.,
210, 220 ; 226; 249; 251
Baffin bay, explorers at, xri 814
William, navigator, xii 814
Bagchaserai. See Bakchi-serai
Bage, Robert, novelist, vi 836
Bagenal, Sir Henry, in Ireland, m 604 ;
defeated at Armagh, 530, 607
Bagge, Jakob, Danes defeated by, iv 163
Baggesen, Jens Immanuel, Danish poet,
vm 788 ; XI 697
Baghdad, Turkish army at, in 112; be-
comes Ottoman fortress, 113; Russia
and, X 545 ; xn 170 ; caravan route to,
793
Pasha of, ix 385
Baghirmi, xii 130; Barth in, 810
Baglione, Giampaolo, of Perugia, i 194;
submission of, to Julius II, 128; 134;
136; II 14
Bagni, Papal nuncio, in Paris, iv 680
Bagno, Marcbese di, commands papal
troops, IV 57 sq.
Bagnolo, Peace of (1484), between Venice^
Milan and Naples, i 287
Bagot, Sir Charles, x 32 ; 37 ; at the Con-
ference of St Petersburg, 189 ; Governor
General of Canada, xi 767
Bagration, Peter Ivanovitch, Prince, ix
257; 260; at Friedland, 290; and the
war with Turkey, 485; and the invasion
of 1812, 489 sqq.
Bagyidaw, King of Ava, xi 727 sq.
Bahadur, King of Guzerat, vi 510
Shah, Moghul Emperor, vi 523 ; 531
Bahamas, the, landing of Colombo on, i
23; piracy in, v 691; vi 184; 380; re-
linquished by Spain, 464; government
of, XII 657
Bahawalpur, Nawab of, xi 736
Bahia (San Salvador), the Dutch and, iv
703 sq.; retaken by the Spaniards, 705,
706; Oquendo at, 707, 708; 750, 752 sq.;
growth of importance of, v 676; 677;
VI 184; 389 sq.; Portuguese troops in,
X 312, 314 sq.; blockade of (1823), 316
dos Vaqueiros (Mossel Bay) ffis-
covered by Diaz, i 17
Bahr-el-Gazal, xii 130; taken by the Mahdi,
442; 449; France and, 660; 661; explo-
ration in, 811 sqq.
Baif, Jean Antoine de, in 54 sq.
General Index.
235
Ba.iW, Lake, xn S44; and tke Bn^o-
Japanese War, 577 s<i. ; 794
Baikie, William, African traveller, xii 810
Bailleui, ceded to l^rance, v 45
Jacques -Charles, member of the
Corps Legislatif, viii 510 sq., 615, 517
Bailli de Litta, Prior of the Bussian branch
of the Order of St John, viii 648
Bailiie, Eobert, iv 817; 324
"Wiiliam, Lieutenant-colonel, defeat
of, VI 576, 12 714
Bailiy, Antoine, French Inspector -general
of Finance, vin 74
Jean-Sylvain, viii 101; elected to
the States General, 131 sq., 153, 155,
157; Mayor of Paris, 165, 167 sqq., 200;
resigns, 225; guillotined, 357
Bainbridge, Cardinal Christopher, death
of, I 483
Bairactar, Pasha of Eustchuk, 12 388
Bairam ^an, Moghul general, vi 512
Baird, Sir David, General, vin 617; lands
at Corunna, ix 443; joins Moore, 445;
at Kosseir, 734; expedition of, to Cape
Colony, 752; 21 778
Baireuth, and Ansbach, v 622; margravate
of, VI 633; Frederick the Great and, 704;
principality of, reverts to Prussia (1792),
vm 530 ; proposed cession of, to Austria,
634; the boundary of, ix 262, 266; French
troops enter, 273; Soult at, 274; lost to
Prussia (1815), 656
Margraves, etc. of. See Brandenburg-
Baireuth
Baius, Michael, professor at Louvain, v 82
Baji Eao I, Peshwa, vi 531 sq.
11, Peshwa of Poona, xi 725 sq.; 747
Bajza, Joseph, Hungarian writer, xi 426
Bakchi-serai, Treaty of (1680), v 506; n
305; captured by the Cossacks, 306
Bakel, French outpost at, xn 129 ^
Baker, Sir Samuel White, in Africa, 211
439; 809
Valentine (Baker Pasha), in Egypt,
XII 440 sq.
Major, at Dromore, v 307
Bakeweil, Eobert, agriculturist, x 731
Bakkerzeel, Jan de Casembroot, lord of,
secretary to Egmont, iii 216
Bakdcz, Thomas, Primate of Hungary, i
336 sq.
Baku, ceded to Bussia, v 545; evacuated
bv Eussia, vi 304; labour agitation in,
XII 332; 342
Bakunin, Michael, Bussian revolutionary,
XI 219; 504; escapes from Siberia, 629;
630; xn294; 296; Statecraft and Anarchy,
303; at Geneva, ih.; 307; 758
Balaban, Turkish general defeated by
Scanderbeg, i 71
Balagny, Jean de Montluo, Sieur de,
Marshal of France, holds Cambray, iii
47, 669; ambassador to Poland, 85
Balaguer, captured by Staxhemberg, v 426
Bala Hissar, xr 733; occupation of, 735
Balsklava, battle of, xi 319 sq., 364
BalashofE, Bussian Minister of Police, ix
.■■■487.-
'.Balassi, Valentine, Hungarian poet, xi 422
Balbini, Kiccolo, Italian Slinister at Geneva,
II 387
Balbo, Conte Cesare, Italian patriot, n 35 ;
IX 399; opinion of, on Italian priests,
401; X 109; 115; writings of, 167; 168;
zi 65sqq.; 70; 73; Piedmontese Minister,
80; 371; 547
Lorenzo, Spanish scholar at AlcaM,
II 400
Baldiron, Imperialist commander, iv 41 ;
48; and the Engadine, 54 sq.; Eight
of, 56
Baldissera, Antonio, Italian general, xii
241
Baldo, Monte, Prince Eugene crosses, v402
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem, grants
privileges to Venetians, i 254
Abraham, Georgian deputy, vii 246
Bale, John, Bishop of Ossory, the Biblio-
graphy of, i 611; II 19
Balearic Islands, prisoners sent to, xi 556,
568
Balfour, Arthur James, Secretary for Scot-'
land, XII 45; Secretary for Ireland, 46,
48, 85 sq.; 52; Ministry of, 54; and the
Education Act, 57 ; and the War Office,
69; 90; 594
Gerald William, Secretajry for Ire-
land, XII 87
— Sir James, Act of Eevocation and,
rv 490; Traquair and, 503
Sir William, dismissal of, iv 297
Balkan Peninsula, 1812-33, VoL x, Chap.
VI, passim ; evacuated by Bussia, xi 402,
Chap. XXII (2); 1870-1909, VoL xn, Chap.
XIV ; 6; 9 sqq.; 37 ; 57; Austria and, 211;
212 ; Italy and, 242 ; 341 ; the Powers
and, 728
Balkh, province of, vi 518; caravan route
through, XII 793; 800
Ball, Sir J. Alexander, naval captain at
Naples, VIII 658
Ballanche, Pierre-Sxmon, x 101
Ballarat, gold in, xi 796; 798
Ballard, John, and the Babington con-
spiracy, in 291
Ballenstadt, House of, v 618. See Bran-
denburg
Ballesteros, Francisco, Spanish general,
disgraced, ix 475; x 217; 227 sq. ; 231
Baliinamuek, French force surrenders at,
vm 476
Ballot, African explorer, xii 129
Ball’s Bluff, engagement at (1861), vn 469
Bailybay, CathoJic demonstration at, x
647 sq.
Ballycastle, battle at (1565), ni 591
BaXlymore, captured by Ginkel, v 317
BaHyneety, Sarsfieid at, v 316
Balmaoeda, Jos4 Manuel, President of Chile,
' xn 677 sq.
236
General Index.
Balmerino, Aitliur Elphinstone, 6th Baron,
Jacobite, vi 114; 117
John Elphmstone, 2nd Baron, trial
of, IV 493 s^.
Balmont, K* D,, Bussian poet, xii 333
Baltaji Mehemet, Grand Vezir, v 604 sqq.
Balta Liman, Convention of, xi 284
Baltasar Carlos, Infante, Isabel of Bourbon
and, IV 649 sq., 654; 658; death of, 659;
664
Baltic Convention, The, xii 290 sq.
Powers (1780-1801), YoL ix, Chap.
II, section 1, passivi; 295 sq. See also
Bussia, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia
Sea, struggle for supremacy in, n
228 ; corn and timber trade in, in 631 ;
Imperial schemes as to, iv 193; United
Provinces and, v 146 sq. ; Bussia and,
343, 494, 520; Poland and, 344; Peter
the Great and, 526, 528 ; English fleet
in (1715-26), 551, 611, vi 24, 37, 59,
207; Sweden and, v 562 sq., 607; 615;
634 ; 638 ; trade in, vi 24, 28 ; 35 ; 57 ;
Bussia and, 304, 094, 733; non-inter-
vention in, by England, 408 sq. ; 754;
British trade with, vii 1, 4; British
operations in (1800-1), rx 51 sq.; results
of control of, by Napoleon, 241 sq. ; British
fleet in (1854), xi 317; 346; Germany
and, xn 171 ; 348
Baltimore, expedition against (1814) (later
abandoned), vii 344, 352 ; Union Manu-
facturing Co. of Maryland organised at,
353; emigration from, 359; Lincoln in,
449; fighting in (1861), 453 sq., 464,
469 ; Bepubliean Convention at (1864),
599 ; railway from the Ohio to, 694
(Go. Cork), Spanish ships at, in 532
Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron, vii 34
Ceciiius Calvert, 2nd Baron, vii 31,
33
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron, vii 34
George Calvert, 1st Baron, founds
Maryland, iv 747; patent of, 748; vn
31, 62, 74
Baltimore f U.S.S., aflair of the, vn 666
Baltingias, James Eustace, 3rd Viscount, m
598
Baltringen, beginning of the Peasants’ War
at, n 179
Baltzer, Johann Baptista, philosopher, xi
712
Baluchistan, the Emperor Humayun in,
VI 611 ; XI 731 ; 736 ; 753 ; xn 458 ; 485 ;
491
Balue, Cardinal Jean de La, Minister of
Louis XI, i 403, 415
Balzac, Honors de, vi 833; x 102; 516;
XI 427 ; 509 ; 616 ; novels of, 521 sq.
Jean-Louis-Guez, Seigneur de, in 72 ;
Member of French Academy, iv 156; v 70
Bamberg, see of, in 709, vi 704; Bavaria
insists on restoration of, iv 210 ; captured
by Horn, 213 ; Maximilian I at, ix 263 ;
273
Bamberg, Johann Georg Fuchs von Darn-
heim, Bishop of, and Gustavus Adolphus,
IV 207
Bamian, Moorcroft at, xii 800
Bancroft, George, xn 680 ; History of the
United States, 841
Bichard, Archbishop of Canterbury,
III 60, 343, 554, 663 sq.
Banda Islands, spices of, rv 734 ; Anglo-
Dutch struggle in, 735 ; agreement of
June 1619 and, 737 ; 738 ; captured by
the English, viii 484, ix 750 ; restored
to the Dutch (1814), 755
— Neira, the Dutch and, rv 735 sq. ;
742; captured (1810), ix 240
— — Oriental (Uruguay), Portugal and, v
456, 680 ; x 281 ; 286 ; independence of,
300 sq. ; forms the Provincia Gisplatina,
316 ; XII 674 ; 680 ; Anglo-French action
in, 681; 690
Bandello, Matteo, Bishop of Agen. See
Agen
Bandiera, Attiiio and Emilio, x 122 sq. ; xi
65, 67
Bandon, Tyrone and O’Donnell at, in 608
Bandula, Burmese general, xi 727 sq.
Ban4r, Gustaf, flight and death of, iv 172 sq.
Johann, Swedish Field-Marshal, rv
185 ; occupies Magdeburg, 207 ; holds Ba-
varia, 216 sq. ; in Silesia, 247; ordered to
invade Bohemia, 252 ; at Magdeburg, 255 ;
German War and, 366 sqq. ; at Eisenach,
372; falls back upon Torgau, 373; on
the Oder, 374; 378; 379; 383; death
of, 385; 390; Oxenstierna and, 669
Sten, flight and death of, iv 172 sq.
B^nfly, Baron, Hungarian statesman, xn
199 ; 203 sq.
Banfy, George, in 98
Bangkok, British envoy at, xn 535; 536
Bangweolo, Lake, xii 668 ; Livingstone at,
809
Bankaert, Adrian van, Dutch naval com-
mander, V 195 sq.
Bankes, Sir John, and the ship-money case,
IV 283
Bankhem, Jan van, and the murder of the
de Witts, V 159
Banks’ Peninsula, purchased by a French
company, xi 793
Banks, the Bank of England, established,
V 266 sqq.; vi 45; action of (1793-7), ix
675 sq. ; xi5, 637; Banks of Amsterdam,
Genoa, and Venice, v 266, 268, 270; the
Gaisse d*Escompte, vni 86, 96 sq., 694 sq. ;
Bank of France, created, ix 27; x 746;
the Land Bank of Poland, 455 sq. ;
Continental, in general, 746 sq. ; the
Banca Bomana and politics, xii 218;
the Bussian Peasants’ Bank, 317 sq. ;
Bussian Gentry Bank, 318 ; Hong Kong
and Shanghai Banking Corporation, 613.
See also Coinage and Currency, etc.
Sir Joseph, and New South Wales,
IX 736 ; XII 805 sq.
Greneral Indeos.
237
Banks, ISfathanieJ Prentiss, American gen-
eral, vn 477, 503, 506, 514; the Bed
Biver expedition (1864) under, 520
Bantam, Butch trade at, in 638; James
Lancaster at, iv 731 ; Edmund Scott at,
734; 735; English and Dutch ships
before, 736; English factory re-estab-
lished at, 740, V 697
Bantry Bay, Drench fleet in, tiii 476 sq.^
■ " IX 700 . ■ ■ ■
Baour-Lormian, Pierre-M.-F.-L., French
poet, VI 830 ; x 88
Bar, Duke of Lorraine does homage for, iv
142; recovery of Conde’s fortresses in,
613 sq. ; Treaty of Pyrenees and, 620;
ceded to France, v 33 ; vi 155 ; Con-
federation of, 355, 668, 673, 730
Barailh, Admiral de, vi 110
Baraiilon, Jean-Fran^ois, French politician,
vni 678
Barajas, Francisco Zapata de Cisneros,
Count of, ra 518
Barante, Aimabie-Guillaume-Prosper Bru-
gi5re, Baron de, x 48 ; 51 ; and the Doc-
trinaireSf 52-5 ; created a peer, 58 ; 67 ;
resigns oMee, 68 ; action of, in the
Chamber of Peers, 81 ; opposes the “ law
of sacrilege,*’ 87 ; 502 ; xii 830
Baratieri, General, Governor of Erythrea,
xn 240 sq.'
Barbaczy, Joseph, commander of Skekler
hussars, viii 655 sq.
Barbados, Dutch forbidden to trade in, iv
470 ; settlement of, 756 ; constitution of,
757; V 110; de Buyter at, 179; 284;
286 sq. ; English government in, 689 sq.,
VI 186 ; 454 ; colonists from, in Carolina,
VII 34, 36 ; English colony in, 78; 87;
slaves in, 102; Nelson in, ix 224 ; govern-
ment in, 750, X 587 ; missionaries attacked
in, 658 ; xi 757 ; negroes in, xii 653 ;
654; 656; government of, 657
Barbantane-Pujet, Paul-F.-H.-B., Marquis
de, French commander, viii 439
Barbara, Queen of Poland, consort of
Sigismund III See Badzivil
of Braganza, Queen of Spain, consort
of Ferdinand VI, vi 166 ; 361 sqq. ;
death of, 366
Barbaresques. See Barbaxy pirates
Barbaro, Ermalao, humanist, i 657, 681
Marco Antonio, ni 137 sq.
Barbarossa I (Horush), ii 68
II (Ehair Eddin), n 68 sqq., 75 sqq.,
390; m 105, 109; seizes Tunis, 110,
driven from it by Charles V, 111 ;
exploits of, 112 sq. ; gains victory near
Actium (1538), 114 ; takes islands from
Venice, 116 sq.; 119; death of (1546),
120
Barbaroux, Charles- J.-M. , vin 231, 249 sq.,
260, 357
Barbary, Morisoos deported to, m 643 ;
French Consul established in, 694; French
trade with, vi 173 ; 350
Barbary pirates, Spanish attacks on (1505-
10), I 365 sq.; expeditions against, u
68 sq., 75 sq. ; and Italy, iii 391, 399,
410; defeated by Fajardo, 540 sq, ; v 179 ;
X 19 sq.
Barbauid, Mrs (Anna Letitia Aikin), viii 761
Barb^-Marbois, Franqois de, Count and
Marquis of, French chargS d^aj^aires in
America, vi 462; vm 488, 507 ; ix 9; 116,
117; X 47; 49
Barberet, French labour politician, xii 94
Barberini, enrichment of the, by Urban
VIII, IV 684; and the quarrel with Parma,
685 sqq.
Cardinal Mafleo. See Urban VIII
Barbas, Armand, French socialist, x 511;
XI 104 sq.; 108 sq.
Barbesieux, French commander against
Naples, n 59
Barhier, Edmond-Jean-Fran^ois, diarist,
VIII 9, 12
Barbin, Claude, French statesman, Ministry
of, IV 122 sqq.
Barbo, Pietro. See Paul II, Pope
Barbon, Nicolas, Discourse of Trade^ x
770
Barbosa, Arias, Portuguese Hellenist,! 379,
678
Barcelona, Treaty of (1529), ii 25, 203;
Charles V sets sail from (1535), in 111 j
embarkation of Duke and Duchess of
Savoy at, 513; captured (1651), rv 618;
Philip IV and Olivares at, 647 ; revolt of,
648 sq.; 652; entry of La Motte into,
653; capitulation of (1652), 661; v 61;
taken by the French (1696), 62 ; 413 ; by
Peterborough (1705), 416 ; 432; siege of
(1713), 446; vi 29; 31 sq. ; Navarro’s
squadron at, 236; trade of, vn 327;
British squadron at, ix 46 ; Duhesme
seizes (18^), 430 ; French forces at, 435,
436, 439; Gouvion Saint-Oyr at, 448;
Carbonaro agent sent to, x 213; revolts
in (1820), 216, 223, (1840), 241 sq., xi
660 ; xn 260 ; socialism in, 268
(Venezuela), Bolivar’s flight to,
X 289
Barcelonnette, capture of, in 416
Barclay, Bobert Heriot, British naval com-
mander, vn 340
de Tolly, Michel, Prince, and the
invasion of 1812, ix 489 sqq. ; at Bautzen,
518 ; 519 ; replaces Wittgenstein, 520 ;
at Leipzig, 535 ; 538
Barooo river, exploration of, xi 795 ; 798
Barcsay, Abraham, Hungarian writer, xi
422
Barczai, Achatius, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Bard, fortress of, ix 60
Bardeleben, Earl Alexander von, one of the
founders of the Tugendbund (1808), ex 328
Bardo, Treaty of, xn 129, 239
Bareilly, revolt at, xi 746
Barendsz, See Barents
15
C. M. H.
238
General Index.
Barentin, Obarles-L.-B. de Paule de, Keeper
of the Seals, viii 145, 156
Barents, William, Batch explorer, m 632,
XII 795
Bar5re de Vieuzac, Bertrand, French
politician, viii 153, 249 ; at the King’s
trial, 258, 262 ; on the Comite de Salut
Public, 269, 274, 343, 347, 362, 364 sq. ;
and the faU. of Eobespierre, 369, 375 ;
charges brought against, 380, 384
Barham, Admiral Sir Charles Middleton,
1st Baron, appointed First Lord of the
Admiralty, ix 224
Bari, the Viceroy Visconti at, vi 153 j and
the Apulian aqueduct, xii 238
Duke of (Ludovico il Moro), See
Milan, Dukes of
Bariatinskii, Prince, ix 35
Bariieff, Eussian naval commander, xi
843 sq.
BariUon, Paul, Marquis de Branges, French
ambassador in England, v 219 ; 222 ; 227 ;
and James 11, 231 sq., 235, 247
Baring, the financial house of, x 743; xi
10, XII 48
Alexander. See Ashburton, Lord
Sir Evelyn. See Cromer, Earl,
Sir Francis Thornhill, Lord North-
brook, XI 3
Walter, reports on the Bulgarian
massacres, xn 384
Barkul, Eussian traveller at, xn 799; 802
Barlaam, Bernard, Greek scholar and
ambassador to Italy, i 540
Barlaeus, Caspar, iv 717
Barlaymont, Baron Charles, afterwards
Count of, adviser of Granvelle, in 188,
191, 194; 198; taunts the Gueux, 203 sq.;
214; alienated by Alva, 216 sq., 226,
245
Bar-le-Duc, meeting of Francis I and Philip
of Hesse at (1534), n 220; the Old Pre-
tender at, VI 96, 98
Barlow, Captain Arthur, in Virginia, vn 3
Sir George Hilaro, in India, ix 730-1
William, consecrates Parker, n 571
sq.
Barnabites, Order of the, founded, n 648
Barnabotti, Venetian party, i 282
Barnard, Sir Henry William, Lieutenant-
General, at Delhi, xi 740
Barnave, Antoine-P.-J.-M., member of the
National Assembly, vin 174, 182, 186 sqq.,
200 sq., 213 ; and the Court, 216 ; executed
(1793), 357
** Barnburners,” The, vn 399
Barnes, Dr Bobert, executed, ii 451
Thomas, editor of The Times, x 667
Barnet, Curtis, Commodore, in the East
Indies, VI 535
Barneveidt, Johan van Olden. See Olden-
bameveldt
Barnwell, Bobert Woodward, Confederate
Senator, vn 605
Bare river, Marchand on, xn 813
Baroche, Pierre- Jules, French Minister of
the Interior, xi 131 sqq.; 294
Baroezy, Alexander, Hungarian writer, xi
422
Baroda, captured by Wellesley, ix 726;
State of, XI 727
Malhar Bao, Gaekwar of, deposed,
xn 462
Barodet, D4sird, French politician, xn 107
Baron, Pierre, of Cambridge, Protestant
refugee, ii 597
Baronets, Order of, creation of the, in
571
Baronins, Cardinal Caesar, ecclesiastical
historian, i 568, 609; the Annales Eg-
clesiastici of, in 444; xn 816
Baross, G. de, Hungarian Minister, xn
198
Barrackpur, mutiny at, xi 729
Barradas, or Baradat, Framjois de, Seigneur
de Damery, favourite of Louis XIII,
driven from Court, iv 131
Barras, Count Louis de, French naval
officer, VI 453
— Paul-F.-J.-Nicolas de, viii 249, 349,
352; and the fall of Eobespierre, 366,
369; 378; and the insurrection of Ven-
demiaire, 396 ; member of the Directory,
489 sqq., 494, 496, 503; and the Babeuf
conspiracy, 504 sq. ; 507, 563 sq,, 669 sq. ;
and Brumaire, 675 sqq., 679
Barrault, seized by Lesdiguieres, ni 417
Barraux, fort at, m 417
Barr4, Isaac, Colonel, vi425; 432; pensioned,
459
Barrier Fortresses, the, Joseph II razes, vin
277,281
Treaties (1709-16), v 424, 439 sq.,
448, 456 sqq.; vi 13, 23, 470; from 1715
to 1782, 640 sqq.
Barrington, Jonah, and the Union with
Ireland, ix 703
William Wildman Barrington, 2nd
Viscount, VI 406; 424 sq.; 427; 450;
VII 142
Samuel, Admiral, vr 451
Barron, James, American commodore, vii
329 sq.
Barrot, Camille-Hyacinthe-Odilon, x 507
sqq. ; XI 30; 32; and Thiers, 36 sq., 40;
42 ; 96 ; and the Bevolution (1848), 99 sq,,
102 ; 108 ; and the Bepublican constitu-
tion, 115 sq.; appointed Premier, 118;
119; and Pius IX, 121; 126; declines
office, 128 sq. ; Louis-Napoleon and, 333
Ferdinand, French statesman, xi 127;
129
Barrow, Henry, in 343, 345
Barrnel, industrial experiments of, ix 376
Barry, Garret, in Munster, iv 525
Bar-sur-Aube, indecisive battle at (1814),
IX 545; Oudinot defeated at, 550
Bart, Jean, French seaman, v 59; 162
Bartenstein, Convention of (1807), ix 287*
289, 296 ^
General Index.
239
Bartenstein, Baron Johann Christoph von,
Austrian statesman, "Vi 204;: -626
Barth, Heinrich, in Africa, xii 810 sqq.
Barth^lemy, Francois, Marqnis de, and the
Peace of Basel, viii 381, 383, 441 ; Director,
606; arrested (1797), 609 sqq.; trans-
ported, 612 ; ambassador to Switzerland,
639, 781; x 58
St Hilaire, Jules, French politician,
XI 118
Bartheis, Jean Theodore, Belgian journal-
; ist, X 532 . .
Bartholdi, Friedrich Christian von, Bran-
denburg Minister at Vienna, v 664
Bartolueci, Vincent, x 138
Bartolus (Bartolus Severus de Alphanis,
d. 1355), III 749
Barton, Andrew, taken at sea by Lord
Thomas Howard (1511), i 479
Elisabeth (the Holy Maid of Kent),
trial and execution of, ii 441
Barwell, Bichard, member of the Indian
Council, VI 571 sq.
BaryatinsM, Bussian Field-Marshal, xii 139
Barzizza, Oasparino da. See Gasparino
Basohi, Perron de, French envoy to Borne,
I 110
Basedow, Johann Berencl, German edu-
cational reformer, viri 772
Basel, Council of (1431-49), i 293, 385,
599, 623, 655, 668; Peace of (1499), 307;
joins Swiss Confederacy (1501), 308 ;
Greek books at, 599; the Keformation at,
II 328, 355 ; Evangelic Diet of (1530),
335 ; Conference of Swiss Eef ormers at,
339; Calvin and Erasmus at, 355; offer
of, for Saluzzo, ni 408; Compactates
of, 703; VI 615; 623; 625; Treaty of
(1795), vni 289, 381, 383, 386, 413, 422,
' 441, 551; IX 249, 592, 608; bishopric of,
96, 104, 601 ; and the Swiss Confedera-
tion, 105; manufactures of, 425; xi 234;
reaction in, 238 ; insurrections in, 241 sq.;
division of, 245 sq. ; 248; silk- weaving in,
259; 491; Nihilist Congress at, 629;
Labour Legislation Union at, xn 747
Christopher von Uttenheim, Bishop
of, n 324
Eugene Lachat, Bishop of, xi 258
Baselga, Gaspar, Swiss Catholic leader, iv
44
Bashkirs, rising of, vi 681
Bashmakoff, and Poland, xii 378
Basil II, Emperor of the East, v 483
Tsar (Vasili Shuiski). See Vasili IV
Basilicata, condition of the, xn 236 sqq.
Basing House, attempt of Waller to cap-
ture, IV 315; Charles I and, 324; taken
by Cromwell, 333
Basque provinces, in the Middle Ages,
I 352; occupied by the Oarlists, x 235,
239; emigration from, to Spanish America,
276; xn 258; CarHst forces in, 260
— — Beads, Willaumez anchors in the, tx
m
B&m, George, explorations of, ix 740
Bassano, Hughes-Bemard Maret, Duo de,
IX 10; receives the duchy of Bassano,
111; 141, 145; disaffection of, 572;
becomes Secretary of State, 616 ; x 494
Bassein (India), Treaty of (1802), ix 725,
727
(Burma), capture of, xi 742
Bassermann, Friedrich Daniel, Baden poli-
tician, XI 61 sqq.; 145; 198; at the
Gotha meeting, 221
Basseville, Nicolas-Jean-Hugon de, Secre-
tary of the French legation, vni 581,
778
Bassewitz, Henning Friedrich von, Hol-
stein Minister, v 609
Colonel Adolphus Frederick von,
Hanoverian envoy at Stockholm, vi 36
Bassi, Anfconietta, Countess Pasolini, xi
72- ■
Matteo de^ founder of the Capu-
chins, n 647
Bassignano, Sardinians defeated at, vi
243
Basso, Protestant preacher in Tirano^ death
of, IV 49
Bassompierre, Baron Francois de, Marquis
d’Harouel, Marshal of France, embassy
of, to Madrid, iv 50, 53; dix-sept sei-
gnewre and, 156 ; ambassador in England,
260
Bastia, captured by a British squadron,
vni 468
Bastide, Jules, French politician, xi 99;
118; 124
Bastille, faU of the, viii 164, 167, 191,
715, 755
Bastogi, Count Pietro, Italian statesman,
XI 538
Bastwick, John, punishment of, iv 280;
release of, 291
Basutoland, xi 783 ; annexed to Cape
Colony, 787; government of, xii 645
Basutos, and the Boers, xi 782; 783 sqq.;
and the Orange Free State, 787
Batak, massacre at, xn 384
Batang, travellers at, xn 796 sq., 803 sq*
Batarnay, Ymbert de, i 403
Batavia, capital of the Dutch East Indies,
IV 710 sqq.; foundation of, 736; power
of the Dutch at, 738; 740
Batavian Bepublic, existence of, recognised
by Holland, ix 78 ; 208 ; changes effected
by Bonaparte in, 88 sqq.; Napoleon’s
dealings with, 416-7. Bee also Holland
Batbie, Anselme-Polycarpe, French poli-
tician, XII 108
Bate, John, his case, in 557, 748
Batenburg, Dutch commander, relieves
Haarlem, m 23S
Bates, Edward, vir 445; Attorney-general,
450
WiEiam, Presbyterian divine, vi 803
Bath, J ohn BouroMer, 4th Baron Fitzwarine,
2nd Earl of, supporter of Mary, n 514
, 15— a
240
General Index.
Bath, Sir John Grenville, 1st Earl of
(2nd or.), Mon ok and, iv 555 sq. ; 558
William Pulteney, Earl of, vi 47;
66; 71; enters the Cabinet, 73; 74; 84
Thomas Thynne, Ijtt Marquis of
(Yisconnt Weymouth), vi 376 ; 424; 439;
resigns, 443; 447 ; 450
B4thory (or B&tori), Andrew, Cardinal, iii
103
Christopher, m 97
Gabriel, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Sophia, V 352
Stephen, Judex Curiae of Hungary
(1491), I 389
Stephen, King of Poland. jSee Stephen
B^thory
Bathurst, xi 790 ; discovery of gold at, 795
Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl, Lord
Chancellor, vi 443; 450
Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl, vn
363 sq.
Bichard, President of Trinity College,
Oxford, VI 791
Bati^ol, Pierre, Prenoh scholar, xii 848
Baton Rouge, arsenal at, vii 492
Batori. See Bathory
Battaglia, Francesco, Venetian senator,
vm 585
Battambang, ceded to France, xn 536
Batten, Sir William, admiral, succeeded
by Rainborow, iv 347; with the fleet,
350
Battenberg, Prince Alexander of, xii 341
Batthy^ny, Balthasar, Minister of Matthias
Oorvinus, i 343
Count Casimir, xi 212 sq. ; at Wid-
din, 215
Count Karl Joseph von, Austrian
general, vi 241 sq.
Count Ludwig, xi 155 sq.; 172; 180
. sqq.; forms a new Ministry, 183; 184;
arrest of, 203 ; 205 ; execution of, 214
Batuecas, Ostolaza imprisoned at, x 209
Batum, xn 83 ; ceded to Russia, 342, 398 ;
392 sq.; 399
Baturin, destruction of (1708), v 600
Batz, Baron Jean de, vm 261
Batziow, Prussian army at, vi 281
Ban, Danish victory at, xi 161, 695
Baudelaire, Gharles-Pierre, French poet,
XI 511; 513 sq.
Baudin, Jean-B.-A.-V., French politician,
XI 136; 488
des Ardennes, Pierre-Oharles-Louis,
member of the Legislative Assembly, vni
386, 394
Nicolas, French captain, in Aus-
tralia, IX 738-9
Baudissin, W. H. von, Swedish Field-
marshal, IV 220
Baudoin, French admiral, ix 239
Baudot, Marc-Antoine, member of the
National Convention, vm 427 sq.
Bauer, George (Georgius Agricola), v 738
Bauernfeld, Eduard von, Austrian dramatic
poet, XI 414 sqq.
Bauhin, Jean, naturalist, v 734
Baumann, Governor of Posen, x 464
Baumbach, Moritz von, Hesse -Oassel
Minister, xi 232
Baumgartner, Hieronymus, ni 159
Baune, Eugene, French politician, xi 136
Baur, Ferdinand Christian von, historian,
X 382; XII 847
Bausch, Johann Lorenz, and the Academia
naturae curiosorum^ v 741
Bautzen, Prussian retreat near, vi 290;
battle of (1813), ix 519
Bava-Beccaris, General, xn 220
Bavaria, and the Reformation, n 169;
papal concessions to, iK; persecution of
Lutherans in, 202; supports Charles Y
(1545), 251; religious attitude of, in 159
sqq., 173, 702 ; Treaty of Barwalde and,
rv 198; 208; policy of, 211; Tilly driven
into, 213; 214; Gustavus Adolphus in,
215; Ban4r in, 216; 219; sufferings of,
during the war, 417 sq. ; cloth of, 421 ;
campaigns in (1646-8), 391 sqq., 697;
alliance of, with France, v 42, 47, 404 ;
407 ; and the Spanish Netherlands, 447 ;
451 ; and the Pragmatic Sanction, vr 202
sq. ; and the War of the Austrian Succes-
sion, 299 sqq.; 275; Austria and, 630 sq.,
633; projected exchange of, 644 sqq., vni
277, 281 sqq., 310, 312 sq., 533 sqq., 543;
VI 677; Frederick the Great and, 703 sq.;
707; Austro-Russian designs on (1795),
vni 441, 549; 634; French revoiutiona:^
ideas in, 776; Moreau marches into, iX
64 ; French acquisitions in, 68 ; 78 ; and
the Imperial Recess of 1803, 94 ; reform
of the Church in, 201 ; 202 ; joins France,
253; 262; receives Ansbaoh, 267; arrange-
ments for invasion of, 346 ; crux of the
war of 1809, 347 ; proposals of Metternich
to, 507; treaty with (1813), 533; territorial
changes in, 691; 592, 597; and the Con-
gress of Vienna, 609 sqq. ; and the Federal
Act, 650 ; ambition of, 658 ; disputes of,
with Austria, discussed by the Allied
Powers, X 19 ; 22 ; 32 ; ecclesiastical
affairs in, 146 sq. ; and German unity,
342 sq,; and the Germanic Confedera-
tion, 343 sq.; disputes of, with Austria
and Baden, 346, 361 sq. ; Montgelas* rule
in, 369 ; Constitution of (1818), 359 sq, ;
363 ; and the Carlsbad meeting, 366 ;
and the Vienna Conference (1819), 368;
and the Triasidee, 369; 370; l4iberal
measures by Ludwig I, 371 sq. ; and the
customs treaties, 372 sq., 378 sq. ; 374 ;
380; banking in, 746; 751; industries
in, 753 sq.; xi 60 sq.; the revolutionary
movement in, 146; 167 ; and the Frank-
fort Constitution, 218; and the Berlin
Conference, 220 ; 222 sq.; andtheHesse-
Cassel crisis, 229; 408; and the Austro-
Prussian War, 457 ; and the JZoliverein,
General Index,
241
462 ; and tlie North Oerman CoBfedera-
tion, 460 sq., 464 sq.; and the German
Empire^ 465 sq.; and the Franco- German
War, 464 ; and the Austro-German alli-
ance, xnl45; 148; 747; Biezler’s history
of, 829
Bamria,.. Dukes of
Albert T, ii 681; in 169-61, 172,
■■180 '■
Maximilian I, afterwards Elector.
See under Electors
William IV, n 172, 221, 224, 232;
and the League of Niirnherg, 235, 264
William V, in 706; 709 sq,
Bavaria, Electors of : —
Charles Albert. See Charles VII,
Emperor
Charles Theodore, vi 647; 703; 707;
vm 281, 312, ix 40
Ferdinand Maria, and the Imperial
succession, iv 426, 430, v 41, 47
Maximilian I, in 573 ; 687 sq. ; 709 ;
718 sqq,; a possible candidate for the
Imperial throne, iv 1; Jesuit influence
upon, 5 ; and the Catholic League, 12 ; and
the Imperial succession, 17; 22; 27; and
Ferdinand II*s policy, 32 ; and the Pro-
testant Union, 33 ; empowered to occupy
Upper Austria, 34; at Linz, 64; 65 sq.;
68; 69; counsels of, 73; 75; renounces
hold upon Upper Austria, 76; 77; con-
quers the Upper Palatinate, 78; 81; Tilly
and, 82; 83; Elector, 84; 88; 92; 93;
96; 100; 108; claims of, 109; Spiritual
Electors and, 110; self-confidence of, 111 ;
112; supports Elector of Saxony, 113; head
of the Moderate Party, 114; sift between
Ferdinand IE and, 115; 116; scheme of
Bichelieu concerning, 129; 135; 141;
orders Tilly to besiege Magdeburg, 199;
203; on right bank of Danube, 208;
Bichelieu and, 210; 213; at Donau-
worth, 214; palace at Munich of, 215;
with Wallenstein, 216; in Bohemia, 227;
Emperor and, 231 ; 232; 237 ; correspond-
ence between Bichelieu and, 238; 246;
peace negotiations and, 252; 254; and
the Imperial succession, 373; 376; and
the truce of Ulm, 391; and France, 392;
at Salzburg, 393 ; 398 ; 401 ; Sabl4 and,
402 ; retains Upper Palatinate, 409 ;
French campaigns in Bavaria and, 597 ;
Mazarmand,602; 673; 677; Ferdinand II
and, 679 ; at Eatisbon, 680 ; Urban VIII
and, 683
Maximilian Emanuel, v 52 sq. ; 359 ;
366 sq. ; commander of the Imperial army,
368 ; marriage of, 377 ; and the Spanish
Succession, 384, 386, 388; alliance of,
with France, 404, 406 sqq.; at Donau-
worth, 409; at Blenheim, 410; 411; re-
storation of, 436; 438; 447; 450; 452;
and the Peace of Baden, 465
Maximilian (III) Joseph, vi 241 sq. ;
630 sq. I 703; 707
Bavaria, Electors of, coaid.
Maximilian Joseph. See Maximi-
lian I,' King of Bavaria
Bavaria, Anna of Austria, Duchess ■ of,
consort of Albert V, iii 159
Ernest of. Archbishop of Cologne.
See Cologne
Ferdinand of, iii 708
Joseph Ferdinand, Electoral Prince
of, and the Spanish Succession, v 377,
382, 384 sq. ; death of, 385; 386 sqq.;
659; 664
Lewis, Grown Prince of, at Vienna,
IX 582
Maria Antonia, Electress of, v 52;
377
Bavaria-Landshut, George the Bich, Duke
of, I 315
Ludwig, Duke of {d. 1543), ii 172,
251
Bavaria-Munich, Albert IV, Duke of, i 296
sqq., 299
Albert and Wolfgang, Dukes of, the
Landshut succession and, i 315
Bavarian Academy, Historical Commission
of, XII 827
Baxter, Bichard, New Model army and, iv
329 ; V 96 ; at the Savoy Conference, 97 ;
100; 201; imprisoned, 231; 238; and
Cromwell, 328 ; 329 sq. ; 332 ; and James
II, 335 ; VI 799 ; Boly CominomoeaUh of,
801; 807
Bay Islands, xn 685; ceded to Honduras,
686
Bay of Islands, mission at, xi 793
Bayane, Alphonse Hubert de Latier, Comte
de. Cardinal, Papal plenipotentiary at
Paris, IX 195
Bayard, Pierre de Terrail, Seigneur de, i
138, 412, 481; ii 43 ; death of (1524), 48
Thomas Francis, vii 653 ; Secretary
of State, 662
Bayard -Chamberlain Treaty (1888), vii
659
Bayazid, demanded by Bussia, xn 892;
retained by Porte, 398
I, Ottoman Sultan, war of, with
Venice, r 259, 278
II, Ottoman Sultan, i 82, 85-90,
114, 224, 229
younger son of Solyman II, m 124
Bayer, Chancellor to Jo3m Frederick of
Saxony, n 211
Joseph, Hungarian ofilcer, xx 214
Bayeux, surrenders to Henry IV (1589),
m 48
Bayham, riot at (1526), ii 434
Bayie, Pierre, pupil of Chouet, iv 791;
vm 4; Dictionary f 5; 32
Bajien, capitulation of Dupont at (1808),
IX 137; 315 sqq., 326, 437 sqq., 565
Francis &vier de Oastanos^ Duke
of. See Castanos
Bayol, African explorer, xn 129
Bayonne, Conference at (1565), m 7, 8,
242
General Index.
20, 271, 282, 489 ; French, force at, ix
SOlsijq. ; 304; Napoleon at, 313; 316;
322 ; constitution issued by Joseph from,
406; Murat summoned to, 410; Dupont’s
army at, 430 ; Ferdinand VII abdicates
at, 432; 433; Joseph Napoleon, pro-
claimed King at (1808) , 434 ; Soult and
Wellington at (1813), 480 sqq. ; Narvaez
at, XI 559; harbour of, xn 102
Bayonne, Jean de Moustiers de Froissae,
Bishop of, II 270
Baza, capture of (1489), i 358
Bazaine, Francois -Achille, Marshal of
France, xi 479; leaves Mexico, 484;
496 ; 498; 583; 586 sq.; takes over the
command, 688; conduct of the war by,
689 sqq.; capitulates at Metz, 603 sq,;
611
Bazard, Amand, x 485
Bazeilles, fight at, xi 598
Bazire, Claude, viii 249, 340, 363
Beachy Head, battle of (1690), v 59, 258,
261, 263, 315
Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl
of, X 669; the novels of, 724, xi 357;
11; and Protection, 20; Chancellor of
tbe Exchequer, 21, 328; 309 sq.; 330;
and the Beform Bill of 1867, 341 sq.;
rivalry of, with Gladstone, 342 sq. ; and
Irish Disestablishment, 344 ; resigns,
345 sq.; and Portugal, 574; and the
Suez Canal, 638, xii 433 ; xi 757 ; xii 14 ;
resigns, 23 ; refuses office, 29 ; Ministry
of (1874-80), 80 sqq.; and Gladstone,
30 ; created Earl, 33 ; resigns, 36 ; 37 sq. ;
40; 46; 72; and Irish education, 75;
and the Berlin Congress, 142, 394, 399;
383; and the Eusso-Turkish War, 389;
and Greece, 402; and Cyprus, 415 ; and
Lord Mayo, 458, 463 ; and Afghanistan,
465 sq.; 468; 472; 474; 774
Beales, Edmond, political agitation of,
XX 340
Beard, John, and the Bast India Company,
V 700
B5arn, offered to Henry of Navarre, m
610; Perez escapes to, 516; restoration
of the Catholic religion in, 668, 681;
restoration of ecclesiastical property in,
IV 125; Louis Kill and, 126 sq. ; perse-
cution of Protestants in, v 24; and the
Provincial Assemblies, vm 111 ; and the
States General, 128
Beattie, James, poet, vi 830
Beauchamp, Edward Seymour, Lord, iii
361, 534
-- — Joseph, mission of, to Constanti-
nople, vm 608
Beaufort (N. Carolina), captured (1862),
vn 552
(S. Carolina), British detachment at,
VII 219
Franqois de Tenddme, Dnke of, and
Ub Imp&rtantSf iv 596; escape of, from
Vincennes, 609; joins rebels, 611 sq.;.
made Governor of Paris, 617; kills
Nemours, ih . ; Admiral (1666), v 182
sq., 187
Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal, ii 531
Louis de, historian, xn 817
Beaugenoy, Peace of (1485), i 393; Cond4
at, III 2; de Coligny at, 5; French
troops at, XI 605 sq,
Beauharnais, Alexandre, Vicomte de, vm
179, 339 ; commands the army of the
Ehine, 424; ix 107
— — Augustus, Duke of Leuchtenberg.
Bee Leuchtenberg
— Eugene de, Duke of Leuchtenberg,
Prince of Eiehstadt, inEgypt, vm 606, 616;
1x107; 195; Napoleon’s Arch-Cbancellor
of State, 110; 139; Viceroy of the Italian
Kingdom, 247; 355; 394; wedding of,
265; Napoleon’s advice to, 395; rule of,
396 sq.; advised by Napoleon to annex
March of Ancona, 400; and the Eussian
campaign, 488 sqq.; replaces Murat at
Posen, 511; forced to evacuate Posen,
512 ; reaches Frankfort, 613-4 ; at Nedlitz,
515; and the French throne, 555; at
Congress of Vienna, 683; x 338
— ^ — Hortense de, ix 107; 139
— — Josephine de {nee Tascher de la
Pagerie). Bee Josephine, Empress of
France
— ■ — Stephanie, marries Hereditary Prince
of Baden, ix 265, x 361
Beaujeu. Bee Bourbon
Beaujolais, The, customs of, v 13
— Mademoiselle de, vi 126; 139 sq,
Beaujon, Nicolas, farmer-general, viii 71
Beaulieu, Baron Jean-Pierre de, Austrian
commander, vm 420, 435; in Italy, 658,
565 sqq., 672
Beauiieu-Marconnay, Baron Karl von,
Oldenburg Minister, xi 151
Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de,
French dramatist, vi 359, 823; vn 210;
VIII 725 ;
Beaumont, engagement at, xi 596
— — C. de, Archbishop of Paris. Bee
Paris
Francis, dramatist, m 381; iv 760
Sir Lewis, Arctic expedition of, xii
815
Mme de, ix 24
Beaune, revolt of (1595), iii 667
la Eolande, German victory at, xi
604 sq.
I'lorimond de, v 711
Jacques de. Bee Semhlamjay
Beauregard, Pierre- Gustave Toutant, Con-
federate general, vn 465 sq. ; at Bichmond,
478; evacuates Corinth, 499; succeeded
by Bragg, 506 ; in Tennessee, 524 ; and
peace negotiations, 542; 565
Sylvain Costa de, x 114
Beausse, de, in Madagascar, v 703
Beauvais, Auguste Potier, Bishop of, and
Mazarin, iv 596
IMSI
General Index.
243
Beauvais de Oharles-Nioolas, French
deputy, Yiii 247
Beaver Barn, American force captured at
(1813), VII 341
Bebei, Ferdinand August, Socialist poH-
■■■■■tioian,. XII 153^
Heinricb, German humanist, ii 152
Beccadelli, Antonio (Panormita), his BT^r-
maphroditus^ ii 3; m 470
Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana, Marquis di,
Italian economist, vi 602; 687; viii 13,
743 sq., 748 sqq., 777; ix 169
Beccateiio, Lodovico, ii 398
Becber, Johann Joachim, chemist, v 731
Bechtoid, Baron Philipp, Hungarian
general, xz 182
Bechuana tribes, and the Boers, xi 782
Bechuanaland, xi 761; 789; xii 3; annexed
to the Cape, 638
Beck, Baron John de, General, in Flanders,
IV 598; death of, 599
Baron Wladimir von, Austrian
statesman, xn 203; Ministry of, 207
sq.; fail of, 209; 210
Beckenried, Catholic League of (1524), ii
326
Becker, Nicolaus, German poet, xi 49; 412
Beckerath, Hermann von, German Liberal
leader, xi 53 ; 58 ; 166 ; 199 ; at the
Gotha meeting, 221
Beckford, William, x 698; 709; 716
Becquerel, Henri, physicist, xn 789
Beda, Noel, doctor of the Sorbonne, ii 285
Bedchamber Plot, The, x 678
Bedeau, Marie-Alphonse, French general,
XI 100; 104; 113; imprisoned, 136
Bedford, Francis Bussell, 2nd Earl of, n
567; m 280
Francis Bussell, 6th Duke of, viix
760
John Bussell, 1st Earl of, n 475,
495, 499, 517
John Bussell, 4th Duke of, vi 424
sqq.; at Paris, 346, 428; 430; and the
Begency Act, 434; 439; 489
John Bussell, 6ih Duke of, becomes
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, ix 707
Gunning, Governor of Delaware, vii
246, 261
Bedingfield, Sir Henry, supporter of Queen
Mary, custodian of Princess Elizabeth,
H 514, 529, 535
Bedloe, WilLiam, and Titus Oates, v 222;
334
Bedmar, Alonso de la Cueva, Marquis of,
cooperates with Osuna against Venice,
IV 632 sq. ; and the Spanish plot against
Venice, 671
Bednore, taken by Tipu Sultan, vi 469
Beele, Sloet van de, Governor-General of
the Dutch East Indies, xr 668
Beeli, George, Swiss Catholic leader, iv 44
Beer, Adolf, historian, xii 829
Beertiaert, Auguste, Belgian statesman, xie
,251; 253' ' -
Beets, Nicolaes, Dutch writer, xi 676
Beg, Jakub, ruler of Kashgar, xr 632
“Beggars of the Sea.’' See Gueux de Mer
Behar,.vi 556; Olive and, 564; famine in,
XII 464.
Bdhic, Armand, French Minister of Public
Works, XI 476
Behlol, Sultan, founds his dynasty, vi 508
Behmaru hills, British defeat at, xi 733
Behn, Aphra, v 129; 136
Behr, Johann August Heinrich von, Saxon
Minister, xi 220
Behring, Vitus, rediscovers Behring Strait,
xn 794 , ■ ■ ■
Sea, the sealing question in, vii
666; xn 617; arbitration, 720 sq.
Strait, XII 794; explorers in, 814 sq.
Beiian, pass of, Ibrahim defeats Hussein
at (1832), X 550
Beilul, Italian occupation of, xiz 240
Beira (Mozambique), railway from, to Salis-
bury, xn 639
- — — (Portugal) ,Massena’s advance through,
1X460
Beirout, bombarded (1840), x 569, 571
Beja, occupied by Mollelos, x 333
Bek, Anthony, Bishop of Durham, i 301
Beklsulatovich, Simeon, of Kazan, v 492;
497
Bekk, Johann Baptist, Baden statesman,
XI 61
Bekker, Immanuel, writings of, xii 821
Bekos, Eussian force at, x 553
Belasi, Johann Jacob Kuen von, Arch-
bishop of Salzburg. See Salzburg
Belcher, Jonathan, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, VII 65
Belehite, Suchet’s victory at (1809), ix 454
Beloredi, Count Bichard, Austrian Minister
of State, xn 183 sq.
Beldenak (Jens Andersen). See Odense,
Bishops of
Belem, flight of Portuguese royal family
from, IX 304
Belewizada, Portuguese plot, x 338
Belfast, taken by Schomberg (1689), v 312;
volunteer defence corps in, vi 496; Society
of United Irishmen at, ix 694; volunteers
of, 695 ; prosperity of, 708 ; Queen’s
College, XII 29, 71 sq.
Belfort, revolt in, iv 43 sq. ; military arrests
at, X 76 ; rising at, 492 ; French force at,
XI 582, 584; 594; siege of, 604, 606, 608
sq. ; 612 ; the Peace of Frankfort and,
xn 95
Belgiojoso, Christina, Princess of, xi 85
Count, VI 651
Belgium. {See also Netherlands, seventeen
provinces of the, Spanish and Austria,
and Kingdom of the.) France and, v 58 ;
the Grand Alliance (1701) and, 398; and
Barrier Treaty, 424 ; vi 237 ; 273 ;
Dutch garrisons in, 640 sq. ; plans of
Joseph II as to, Tin 277, 281, 293, 317
sq. ; rebellion in (1787), 318 sqq., (1789),
244
General Index.
B27 sqq. ; Bepublic of, vi 65B, viii 3S1 sq.;
mission of Dumouriez to, 224; Leopold II
and, Ti 655 sq., Tin 335 sq, ; invaded and
oconpied by the French (1792), 415 sqq.;
evacuated by the French (1793), 421 ;
incorporated into the French Bepublic
(1795), 496 sq. ; conscription in, 519 ;
influence of the French Bevolution in,
786 sq. ; ceded to France, ix 69 ; French
troops in, 208; proposal to unite with
Holland, 259 ; Napoleon resolves not to
cede, 549; French driven out of, 550;
campaign of 1815 in, 622 sqq. ; the
stumbling-block of Europe, 653 ; incorpo-
rated with Holland in the Kingdom of
the Netherlands, 605 sq., 654 sq. ; 668,
670; Vol. X, Chap, xvi passim; 39;
and Bhenish Prussia, 381 ; revolt (1830)
in, 480 ; France and, 482 sqq. ; Oasimir
F5rier and, 487 sq. ; 489 ; French inter-
vention in, 490; independence of, 505 sq.;
industries in, 744, 753 sq., 755 sqq,;
roads, canals, and railways in, 744 sqq. ;
joint-stock companies in, 747 ; the com-
mon lands of, 749 ; the customs tariff in,
752; 762
Belgium, modern kingdom of (1839-70), Yol.
XI, Chap, xxm (2); 9; 28; the Jesuits in,
67 ; the Eisqucm Tout in, 106 ; French
exiles in, 140 ; 308 ; 447 ; France and, 462 ;
Napoleon III and, 483, 496 ; neutrality
of, 577 sq. ; literature in, 676 ; and China,
819 ; affairs in (1870-1909), xii 250 sqq. ;
3; 11; Great Britain and, 28; and
Japan, 644 ; 621 ; 658 ; and the Congo
State, 662 sq. ; and the partition of Africa,
665 ; local government in, 734 ; factory
legislation in, 747 ; social movements m,
755, 762 sq. ; 842
Belgrade, siege of (1456) by the Turks, 1 69;
capture of (1521) by the Turks, 93, 337,
n 151 ; Solyman II at, in 107, 118, 125;
Turki^ army at, 122; taken by the
Emperor (1688), v 56, 368 ; recaptured by
the Turks (1690), 61, 369 ; 346; 359;
Kara Mustafa at, 363 sq.; 367, 370;
VI 29 ; 32 ; 198 ; 203 ; captured by Laudon,
648, vin 292, 326 ; Peace of (1739), vi
308, 674; vm 324; Janissaries at, ix
387; evacuated by the Turks, xi 634;
647; XII 386; 392; 407; 412; revolution
in, 413
Belgrano, and the revolution in Buenos
Ayres, x 278
Beliardi, Abb6, Agent-generalin Spain, vi 351
Belin, Jean-Franqois de Faudoas, Comte de.
Governor of Paris, in 662
Belize, the United States and, xii 685
river, the English on, v 687
Bell, Dr Andrew, and elementary education,
1x692
Archibald, Lieutenant, in Australia,
XI 791
John, American politician, vn 439 sq.,
445
Bell, Mark, travels of, in Asia, xn 802
Bell, The, Bussian journal. See Kololiol
Bellamy, French political agent, vn 321
Bellarmin, Eoberto, Cardinal, Jesuit theo-
logian, I 611; controversies of, in 744,
749, 752; on the State, 757-9; iv 4; and
ultramontanism v 75 ; vi 805
Bellasis, John Bellasis, 1st Lord, v 220
Bellay, See Du Bellay
Bellean, Eemy, ni 55
Belleek, battle at, in 604
Bellefonds, Bernardin Gigault, Marquis de,
Marshal of France, v 59
Bellegarde, Comte Henri de, General, ix
65 ; 68, 347, 349
Boger de Saint Lary de, Marshal of
France, Governor of Saluzzo, in 403
Boger de Saint Lary et de Termes,
Duke of. III 47
Belle Isle, French fleet at, v 183 ; vi 426 ;
ceded to France, 428 ; Portuguese vessels
at, X 326 sq.
Belleisle, Charles-L.-A. Fouquet, Duke of,
Marshal of France, vi 230 sqq. ; retreats
from Prague, 236 ; 239 ; in Italy, 245 ;
339; 362
Bellenden, Sir William, dismissed, v 284
Bellew, Sir Edward, x 634
Belliard, Count Augustin Daniel, French
general, viii 603, 614, 617 sq.
Beilin, Christian von, iv 89 sq.
Bellings, Sir Biohard, v 204
Bellini, Gentile, paints the portrait of
Mohammad 11, i 85; 284
Laurentio, anatomist, v 729
Yincenzo, the music of, x 129 sq,
Bellinzona, given to the Swiss by Louis XII,
II 308
Bello, Francesco, ** the Blind Man of
Ferrara,” iii 461
Bellomont, Bichard Coote, Earl of, Governor
of Massachusetts, and of New York, vn
64
Belloy, Pierre-Laurent-Buyrette de, French
writer, vi 831
Belluno, Austrian occupation of, xi 86
Claude Perrin, alias Victor, Due de.
See Victor
Belmont (Cape Colony), Boers defeated at,
XII 642
(on the Mississippi), indecisive en-
gagement at (1861), vn 494
Belmonte, Prince of, arrested (July 19, 1811) ,
IX 383 ; resigns office, 384
Beloch, Julius, historian, xn 845
Below, Frau von, vi 217
Belturbet, captured by Col. Wolseley (1689),
v313
Bern, Joseph, Polish exile and Hungarian
general, at the defence of Vienna, xi 188;
in Transylvania, 204 sqq. ; 209 ; defeat
of, at Temesv^r, 211 ; 213 ; at Widdin,
215
Bembo, Pietro, Cardinal, Bishop of Ber-
gamo, Italian Latinist, i 56, 545, 560,
General Index.
245
564; n 16-20, 30, 118; the Oratory of
Divine Love and, 379 ; iii 458 sqq,
Benares, Warren Hastings and, ti 578 sqq.,
582, 584
Benavente, Paget defeats the French at
(1808), rs 445
Benhow, John, Admiral, x 272
Benbnrb, victory of Owen O'Neill at, iv
530
BenekendorS, General Count Alexander
von, and the Bnssian secret societies,
X 439 ; 443 ; chief of Bnssian Secret Police,
XI 263
Bender, Bnssian capture of, vi 673
Bendereff, Bulgarian Minister of War, xii
408
Bendigo, gold in, xi 796
Benecke, Georg Friedrich, xii 823
Benedek, Field- Marshal Ludwig von, xi 46 ;
452 sq.
Benedetti, Francesco, the Cola di EienzOt
' X 125 ,
Count Vincent, French diplomatist,
XI 313; 388; and Bismarck, 454 ; 457;
and the King of Prussia, 463, 578 ; 483 ;
496 ; Minister at Turin, 531 ; 577
Benedetto, Fr^, and Savonarola, i 188
of Mantua, the Bemfieio della morte
di CristOf ii 389
Benedict, St, i 534
Xni (Pietro Francesco Orsini), Pope,
VI 140; 587; 689
XIY (Prospero Lambertini), Pope,
VI 228; Concordat of, with Spain, 365;
384 ; and the Jesuits, 386, 592 ; 589 sq. ;
and France, 591 ; 601 ; xi 706
Benedictines, guardians of books in the
Middle Ages, i 634; literary enterprise of,
592 ; at Oxford and Cambridge, 643 sq. ;
Spanish, 651. See also Beligious Orders,
St Maur, etc.
Benedictus Betts, the Bull (1564), confirms
decrees of the Council of Trent, n 686
Benedix, Boderich, German dramatist, xi
414 sqq.
Benevento, trade of, ni 438 ; vi 694 ; re-
stored to the Papacy, 595 ; occupied by
Naples, VIII 650; declared to belong to
the Church, ix 189 ; granted to Talleyrand,
194; 268; no longer held by TaUe^and,
584; claimed by Naples, x 132; rising in,
150
Giovanni Delia Casa, Archbishop of,
n384; ni466; 474
Benevolences, under James I (1614), in 561,
574; asked for by Charles I (1626), re
265
B4n4zech, Pierre, Minister of the Interior
under Directory, vni 490, 608
Benfeld, Swedes at, iv 381
Benfieid, Paul, servant of East India
Company, vi 576
B^agal, English settlements on the coast
of, rr 742; the Dutch in, v 695, 697 ; 698;
defeat of the English in, 699; French
factory in, 703 ; 704 sq. ; Vol. vi, Chap
TV passim; 429; government of, 445 ; 464;
Permanent Settlement of (1793), ix 711
sqq., 732; 722; 728; xi 727; Dalhousie
and, 744; 751 ; military system of, 752 sq.;
famine in, xii 464; Tenancy Act in, 480;
partition of, 494 sqq.
Bengal, Nawab N4zim of, legal rights of,
IX 711
Benguela, Cameron at, xn 810
Benivieni, Girolamo, poet, ii 702
Benjamin, Judah Philip, Confederate Secre-
tary of State, vn 578, 604
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington. See
Arlington
Bennett, 0., and photography, xu 783
Bichard, and O’Conneii, x 630
Bennigsen, Comte Levin Auguste Thdophiie
de, Eussian general, ix 49; 50, 251,
259, 261 ; occupies Warsaw, 283-4 ;
commander-in-chief, 285 ; retreats to
Konigsberg, 286 ; at Friedland, 290 ;
desires peace, 291; at Tilsit, 297; and
the invasion of 1812, 489 sqq.; in Bo-
hemia, 631; 533, 537; at Leipzig, 538
Count Alexander Levin von, xi
148
Budolf von, Hanoverian statesman,
XI 407; xn 146; 151
Bennington, victory of Starke at (1777),
vn 215
Benoit, French socialist, xn 123
Benon, captured by La None, m 27
Bentham, Jeremy, vi 814; 821; vm 748,
755, 769; Treatise on Legislation, tx
175; and Parliamentary reform, 688; in-
fluence of, X 4; and the American re-
publics, 38 ; 229 ; and the Tsar, 418 ; 585 ;
achievements and political views of,
694 sqq. ; and parliamentary reform, 602;
609; 661; and James Mill, 778; and
Bobert Owen, 780; and William Thompson,
ib.; XI 756 sq.; colonial views of, 765 sq.;
xn 734
Bentinck, William, Earl of Portland. See
Portland
Lord George, attacks Sir Bobert Peel,
XI 11; 15; death of, 20
Lord William Cavendish, British
commander in Sicily, ix 383; insists on
removal of Queen of Naples, 384 ; super-
sedes Murray, 479; 599; in India, 731;
Governor-General of India, xi 724 ;
729 sqq.
Bentivegna, Francesco, Baron, xi 380
Bentivoglio, Giovanni, 1 112, 123; Julius II
and, 128, 245
Bentley, Bichard, English scholar, i 582;
V 125; and the Epistlm of Bhalans^ xn
816
Bentonviile, Slocum attacked at (1865), vn
530
Benue river, xn ISO; 659 sq.; explorers on,
807 sq., 810 sq.
Benvenuti, Cardinal, taken prisoner, x 155
246
General Index.
BeohachteTf OesterriscJdschfir, x 357; 365
Stuttgart, suppressed, x 369
B^ranger, Pierre- Jean de, x 88 ; and the fall
of Mol4, 610; xi 24
Berar, cession of, xi 743
Eajah of, hostility of, is 722; 726;
SI 725 sqq[.
Berard ^Berardus Bonjoannes, Bishop of
Camermo), nuncio in Poland, in 81-2
Bdrard, Auguste-Simon-Louis, Prench poli-
tician, s 477 sq.
Beraun Yaliey, Belleisle in, vi 2S6
Berber, taken by the Mahdi, sn 442; 443 ;
448; trayellers at, 805 sq.
Berbers, of Africa, in 682
Berbiee, Dutch colony of, iv 709; occupa-
tion of (1796), IS 750, 753, 755 ; ceded to
Great Britain (1814), s 620; si 667
river, the Dutch on, vi 186
Berohet, Giovanni, x 124; 126
Berchtold, Count Frederick, xi 654
Berdayeff, Bussian Biberal, sn 333
Berenger, French politician, sn
107
Beresford, Lord George, and the Waterford
election, x 644
John, dismissal of, is 698 sqq.
William Oarr Beresford, Tiscount
(general), sent to reorganise the Portuguese
army, IS 448; with Wellesley, 451; marches
into Spanish Estremadura, 462-3 ; Wel-
lington joins, 466; at Albuera, 467; 468;
marches on Bordeaux, 481; in Buenos
Ayres, 753, x 281; in Portugal, 312
Berezina river, Charles XII crosses, v 698;
Napoleon’s crossing of, ix 501 sqq.
Berezoff, MenshikoS banished to, v 554;
iron-works at, xi 618; founded by Cos-
sacks, xn 794
Berezowski, attempts to assassinate the
Tsar, XI 484
Berg, secured by Neuburg at the Treaty of
Oleves, IV 409; duchy of, v 350; 627 sq.;
643; VI 226 ; 231 ; grand duchy of, granted
; , to Murat, ix 267, 409-10 ; and the Central
Administration, 587 ; cession of, to Prussia,
592, 657; regiment of, 623
Duke of (1423), invested with Gelders,
I 424
William lY, Duke of. See 3 ulich-Berg
Grand Duke of. See Murat
~ See aUo Julich-Cieves-Berg
Kristen, Banish politician, xn 292
Bergaigne, Joseph de, Archbishop of 0am-
bray. See Cambray
Bergamo, acquired by Yenice, i 280; demo-
cratic revolt at, viii 584 sq,
Nicholas Lippomano, Bishop of, n
30
Yittorio Soranzo, Bishop of, Italian
reformer, n 390, 398
Bergasse, Nicolas, member of the National
Assembly, vni 173, 178, 183
Bergedorf, meeting of Hanse Towns at> iv
92 .
Bergen, spoliation of the Church at, n 618 ;
naval battle off (1665), v 110; 1S2; port
of, VI 737
Olaf Thorldldsson, Bishop of, ii
618
Gebel Pedersson, Bishop-elect of, n
620
Bergen-op-Zoom, Conference at (1600), in
634 ; Twelve Years’ Truce signed at (1609),
540; besieged by Spinola, 655, iv 81;
taken by the French (1747), vi 248, 381;
Pichegru captures, vm 436; fight at
(1799), 662; occupied by Napoleon (1810),
IX 370
• Jan van Glimes, Marquis of, in
194-5, 201, 205, 207, 227-S
Bergenroth, Gustav Adolf, and Eanke, xn
827
Berger, Jean- Jacques, Prefect of the Seine,
XI 119; 303
Johann Nepomuk, Austrian states-
man, xn 187
See Lund, Archbishops of
Bergerac, Treaty of (1577), m 32
Bergeyek, Count, Spanish diplomatist, v
420
Bergh or Berg, Herman, Count van den
(son of Count William), in 626
Henry, Count van den (son of Count
William), at Hertogenhosch, iv 693
William (lY), Count van den, m
217, 222, 257
Berghausen, Austria and, vi 633
Berghen, Marquis of. See Bergen-op-
Zoom
Bergiin, importance of, iv 41; Synod at
(1618), 46 sq.
Bergues, Sieur de, Imperial envoy to
England, i 477
Beringskjold, Magnus, Colonel, vi 749;
751
Berkeley, George, Bishop of Oloyne, vi 40 ;
64 sq, ; 77 sqq. ; 806 ; vn 68
George Cranfield, British vice-ad-
miral, vn 329 sp.
Sir Bobext, judge, IV 283 ; committed
to custody, 287
Sir William (d. 1677), Governor of
Virginia, vn 8 sq. ; 34, 69
Sir William (d. 1666), vice-admiral,
V 184
of Stratton, John, 1st Baron, Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland, v 305
- — of Stratton, John, 3rd Baron, pro-
prietary of New Jersey, vn 41, 47
Berks, Bavarian Minister of the Interior,
XI 146
Berkshire, Parliament and, iv 549
Berleburg, Count Casimir von, v 761
Berlichingen, Gotz von, the Peasants’ Eising
and, n 182 sq., 187 sq.; deserts the peas-
ants, 189
Berber, Comte Th4ophiie, member of the
National Convention, vni 386 ; ix 151 ;
163
General Index.
247
Berlin, German Calvinists in, i? 5; 199;
Gnstavus Adolphus and George ‘William
at, 200; march of Gnstaviis Adolphus
upon, 203 ; Saxon and Imperialist troops
in, 867 ; Cartesian philosophy in, 786;
V 594 ; 618 ; foundation of, 620 ; 625 ;
639; 645; French colony at, 646, 670;
669 ; VI 217 sq. ; Government depart-
ments at, 222; Eussian Company in,
224; 240; 244; 253; 265; 267 sq. ;
287 sq.; 292 sq.; occupied by Eussian
and Austrian troops, 296, 326; 297 sq.;
316; 327; Nivernais at, 334; 713; 718;
factories in, 719 ; Reiclisbank at, 721 ;
Kolych^S despatched to, ix 36; nego-
tiations between France and Bussia
centred in, 41 ; anti-French feeling at
Court of, 249; 250; Treaty of Paris
ratified at, 266; British Minister recalled
from, iA; popular excitement in, 272;
Napoleon marches on, 274, 277; French
enter (1806), 279 ; Davout at, 278 ;
Napoleon at, 281; Fichte at, 325; Uni-
versity established at, 327 sq.; Stein
at, 329; Militdrwcke Gesellschaft at, 332;
return of King and Queen to (1809), 334,
836; Schill departs from, 357; Turkish
embassy established at, 386; Grenier
at, 512 ; Frederick William leaves, ib . ;
Tettenbom in, 514 ; guarded by Biilow,
518; Ondinot marches on, 520, 623,
625; retreats from, 526; importance of,
2 349; 353; relations between Borne
and, 381; literary circle in, 404; secret
societies in, 453 ; industrial undertakings
in, 732, 744, 754, 757 sq. ; the open
plough-fields of, 749; Qewerbeimtitut at,
762; XI 52; 54; insurrection in, 151;
the revolutionary movement in, 156 sqq. ;
the ** March Days'Mn, 157 sqq.; 188; the
** National Assembly” at, 192 sq. ; dis-
turbance in, 218; and the Hesse-Oassel
crisis, 229 sq. ; 450 ; xn 12 ; Tsar Alex-
ander II in, 97; meeting of the Emperors
at, 139 ; 150 ; African Conference at, 669 ;
University of, 820 ; 821 ; 824
Peace of (1742), vi 236, 240, (1850),
XI 225; Alliance of (1788), VI 709; Decree
K , vn 330 sq., 333, 353, ix 283, 361,
t., 378; Convention of (1833), x 39,
376; Conference of (1849), xi 220, (1866),
458, (1880), xn 402 sq.; (1884-5), 3, 130,
256, 662 sq.; (1889), vn 663; Congress
(1878), xn 33; 98; 124 sq. ; 163; Italy
and, 158, 239; 192; the Armenians and,
416; and Bussia, 341 sq.; 394 sqq.; 408;
414; 428; 468 sq.; Treaty of, 37; 305
Academy, v 670, xi 49, xn 823, 843
Berlinghieri, Commander of the Order of
St dohn, at the Congress of Vienna, ix
604
Bermuda Hundred, Grant and Butler at,
vn 520
Bermudas, The, settlement of, iv 756; failure
- of Berkel©;)*^^ s<^©mo in, ti 54 sq.; IM;
Somers and Gates wrecked on, vii 6;
552; government of, xn 657
Bermudez, confessor of PhiUn Y, vi 137 ;
145
Bern, n 325, 328 ; the . Eeformation in,
327 sq. ; aggression of, in 405 sqq. ; and
the Spanish alliance, iv 45 ; Bund appeals
for help to, 50; 52; and Erlach, 375;
and NeuchUtel, v 449 ; vi 613 sqq. ; 619 ;
622 ; and Austria, 623 ; the patriciate of,
624; 625; French occupation of (1798),
vni 596 sq., 782; plundered, ix 96 ; coups
d'etat at (1800-1), 97 sqq.; Federalists at,
100 ; and the Swiss Confederation, 105 ;
Napoleon confiscates stores of merchan-
dise at, 373 ; and the Congress of Vienna,
600-1; 671; xi234; government of, 235;
236 sq. ; reaction in, 238 ; 240 ; joins the
Siebnerkonkordat, 242 ; University of,
241; 246 sq,; Federal Diet at, 248, 250;
249 ; 253 ; constituted the capital, 254 ;
259
Bemadotte, the House of, xi 677
General, Jean-Baptiste-Jules. See
Charles (XIV) John, King of Sweden
Bemaldez, Andr4, Spanish Hstorian, i 381
Bernard, Aristide-Martin (Martin-Bemard),
French politician, x 511; xi 104; 126;
132
Sir Francis, colonial governor, vn
152 sq.
Nathaniel, imprisonment of, rv 279
Simon, trial of, xi 328 sq.
of Chartres, medieval Latinist, i 536
of Weimar. See Saxe- Weimar, Duke
Bernard of
Bernardine army (Bemardines), rv 382 sqq.
Bernardino, St, of Feitre, i 147, 167,
647
St, of Siena, i 144, 151, 163, 186,
189
Bernardo, Antonio di, Medicean partisan,
hanged (1494), i 156
Secretary to Gosimo I, ni 388
Bernburg. See Anhalt- Bernburg
Berners, Sir John Bourehier, Lord, rn 365
Bernetti, Tommaso, Cardinal, papal secre-
tary of State, X 154; 155; 156
Bemi, Francesco, the Orlando Innamorato^
II 395 ; m 457 sqq.
Bernier, Abbd Etienne - Alexandre - J ean -
Baptiste-Marie, Vendean leader, rm. 382 ;
IX 14; 182, 184, 188
Francois, French historian, vi 620;
523; 525
Bernis, Franqois-Joaohim. de Pierre de,
Cardinal, French statesman, vi 254; at
Venice, 335 ; 337 sq.; fail of, 341 sq.; 400;
and the Bull XJmgenitus^ 591 ; created
Cardinal, 594 ; 596 ; writings of, 827
Bernoulli, Daniel, xi 260
Jacob (James), v 718 ; xi 260
Johann, v 718; xi 260
Bamsterff, Count Aib^, Prussian Foreign
Minister, xi 407
248
General Index.
Bernstorjff, Andreas Gottlieb von, Hanoverian
statesman, vi 4 ; 10 ; 13 sqq. ; 20 ; in-
fiuence of, in England, 22 ; and the war
V7itb Sweden, 26; 35; 30
Count Andreas Peter von, Danish
statesman, vi 741; 753; dismissal of,
754; administration of, 755 sqq.; vni
279 sq., 788 ; ix 43 sq,
Christian Giinther, Count, at the
Congress of Yienna, ix 586; at the Con-
ference of Aix-la-Chapeile, x 14; 366;
Mettemich and, 372; succeeded by An-
cillon, 376
Joachim Frederick, Count, at the
Congress of Yienna, ix 586
Johann Hartwig Ernst, Count von,
Danish statesman, vi 735 ; 740 sqq. ; fall
of, 746; 749; 751; 763; 755
Beroaldo, Filippo, the younger (Beroaidus),
Tacitus* Annals edited by, 1 566, n 8, 15 ;
16
Berovioh, Georgi, Governor of Crete, xn
419
Berquin, Louis de, French reformer, n
283 sq., 346
Berre, surrender of, in 418 ’
Berrugete, Alonso de, Spanish sculptor,
I 382
Berry, Huguenot levy on, ra 30; Cond4
Governor of, iv 608, 614; customs of,
Y 13; provincial assembly at, vni 91
Caroline de Bourbon, Duchess of,
X 286 ; 288 sq. ; imprisonment of, 490 ;
495; 499
Charles, Duke of (grandson of Louis
XIY), death of, v 30 sq., 441 ; 393
Charles-Ferdinand d’Artois, Due de,
and the Ministry of Louis XYIII, ix 566 ;
568 ; assassination of, x 23, 63, 71* 438
Iiieutenant, American explorer, xn
795
Berryer, Pierre-Antoine, x 508 sq.; xi 109 ;
133 ; 136 ; 475
Berstett, Baron W. L. L, E. von, Baden
minister, x 362 ; 372
Bert, Paul, French politician, xn 105 ; 114
Bertaut, Jean, Bishop of S4ez. Bee S4ez
Bertendona, Martin de, m 307
Bertheaume Bay, French fleet in, ix 223
Berthelier, Philibert, of Geneva, n 362
Berthereau, French jurist, xx 166
Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, Prince of
Wagram and Heuchitel, Marshal of
France, vra 564, 568 sq., 616, 637 sqq.,
674, and Brumaire, 679, 683 ; ix 1 ; 10,
59, 107 ; Napoleon’s Yice-Constable, 110 ;
136; Grand Huntsman, 111; receives
Neuchtol, Prince of Wagram, 112;
Prince of Neuehdtel, 267; Napoleon’s
instructions to, 273; 347-8; rumoured
project of Napoleon concerning, 425;
Chief of the Stafl, 489; refuses to join
Napoleon, 621
de Sauvighy, Louis-B4nigne-Fran.
9 ois, murdered, vm 168
Berthold of Mainz. Bee Mainz
Berthollet, Comte Claude-Louis, French
chemist, vm 606, 616, 674
Bertin, Henri-L.-J.-B., French Controller-
general, VI 356
de Yaux, Louis-Fran^ois, x 91
Bertoldi, Giuseppe, poet, xi 545
Berton, Jean-Baptiste, French general, x 76
Bertrand, Comte Henri- Gratien, French
general, vin 602, 606; at Memel, ix
287 ; 520 ; at Dennewitz, 529 ; 530 ; at
Wartenburg, 531 ; 532 ; at Lindenau,
635 ; despatched to Saale, 537 ; taken
prisoner, 540; at St Helena, 757; 761,
769
de Molleviile, Antoine-Fran<?ois,
Marquis de, vin 89, 112, 148, 216;
policy of, 222
Bertz, Secretary of Margaret of Parma, in
213
B4rulle, Pierre, Cardinal, French states-
man, and Mary de* Medici, iv 137 ; founds
the Oratory, 156 ; v 78
Berwick, Treaty of (1560), ii 576, (1639),
IV 284, 602 sq., 520
James Fitzjames, Duke of, Marshal
of France, v 262 ; 315 ; 405 ; in Spain,
416, 419, 446 ; 421 sq. ; Marlborough
and, 461 ; vi 14 sq. ; 34 ; 97 sq. ; 102
Berzelius, Baron Jons Jacob, Swedish
chemist, xi 686
Berzsenyi, Daniel, Hungarian poet, xi 424
Besanqon, Parlement of, v 4, vm 47, 95,
745 ; V 48 ; xi 601 sq.; French troops at,
604, 609; 610
Besborodko, Alexander, Bussian statesman,
VI 678; 682; 697; 783
Beseler, Wilhelm Hartwig, Schleswig poli-
tical leader, xi 161
Besenval, Baron Pierre- Yictor de, vm 163
Beshir, Emir, chief of the Lebanon, x 650 ;
XI 276
Besika Bay, British fleet at, xn 387, 390
Beslay, Charles, French politician, xi 502
Bessarabia, vi 674; annexed to Bussia, x
.413, XI 485 ; 323 ; 633 ; the Treaty of
Paris and, 643; Bussia and, xn 305,
339 ; 354; 392 sq.; the Treaty of Berlin
and, 397
Bessarion, John, Cardinal, i 80, 284; the
Platonists and, n 4; 16; v 482
Bessborough, Brabazon Ponsonby, 1st
Earl of, VI 431; 489
John William Ponsonby (Lord Dun-
cannon), 4th Earl of, x 603 ; 610 ; 655;
669
Bessenyei, George, Hungarian writer, xi
421 sq., 431
Bessey, Antoine de, raises Swiss troops for
Charles YIH, i 112, 117, 122
Bessidres, Jean-Baptiste, Duke of Istria,
French marshal, vm 616; ix 111; 351;
crosses the Bidassoa, 430; troops of,
435 ; 436 ; and Mass5na, 465-6 ; and the
Bussian campaign, 488; 497
General Index.
249
Bessi^res, Jorje, x 221 ; in Spain, 223, 227,
230
BestuzheS, Alexander (** MarlinsM **), x
427; 431
Alexis, Grand Chancelior of Eussia,
VI 252; 313 sqq, ; fail of, 322; 340;
Catharine II and, 660, 663; 679
Michael Petrovich, Eussian diplo-
matist, V 551; Minister at Stockholm,
VI 309 ; 315 ; at Paris, 322 sqq.
Count Peter, vi 301
BestuzheS-Einmin, Michael, x 442 sq. ; 454
Bethlen Gabor, Prince of Transylvania.
See Transylvania
Bethmann-Hollweg, Moritz August von,
German politician, xi 192; 396
Theobald von. Chancellor of the
German Empire, xii 166
Bethmont, Eugene, Ereneh Minister of
Commerce, xi 104
B4thune, occupied by French, rv 598 ; 599 ;
captured by the Allies (1710), v 429
Maximxiien-Alpm, Marquis of, French
envoy in Poland, v 354; 356; 566
Beton, David, Cardinal, Archbishop of
St Andrews, n 449, 456, 457 sq. ; mur-
dered, 461 sq., 555 sq., rot 262; and the
English alliance, 261
James, Archbishop of St Andrews,
II 453 sq. ; m 270, 274, 288
Betterton, Thomas, actor, v 130
Betzki, Count, vi 692
Beuckelssen (Bockelsohn), Jan. See John
of Leyden
Beuermann, Moriz von, African explorer,
XII 811
Beugnot, Jacqnes-Claude, Comte, appointed
Imperial Commissioner in the Duchy of
Berg, IX 410; government of, 411; 560;
ordinance signed by, 569; x 44; and the
Doctrinaires, 52 ; 55 ; 63
Beul4, Charles-Emest, French politician,
XII 108
Beuningen, Conrad van, v 145; Dutch am-
bassador at Paris, 152 gq. ; in England,
154, 217; and de Witt, 154, 156; 164
Beurnonviile, Pierre de Buel, Marquis de,
French Minister of War, vin 263, 269,
415, 417, 421; 679 sq.
Beust, Count Ferdinand Friedrich von, xi
142; Saxon Minister of Foreign Affairs,
149; 219; at the Confederation con-
ferences, 220, 232 ; 397; 408; 496; and
the Vatican Council, 721 ; and Hungary,
XII 182 sqq.; 186 sqq.; and Prussia, 191;
fall of, 192; 402
Bevan, Edwyn Eobert, historian, xn 845
Beverley, Eobert, vn 60
Bevem. See Brunswiok-Bevem
Bevemingh, Hieronymus van, Dutch envoy
to England, v 141 sqq.; resigns, 154 ; 160;
164 sq.
Bevilaequa press* The, in '412
Beyle, Marie-Henri (Stendhal), x 101 sq.;
XI 520
Beyme, K. F. von, Prussian statesman and
jurist, IX 264 ; unpopularity of, 272 ; 282 ;
x349 ;351;366
Beza, Theodore, Berquin and, ii 284; in-
tercedes against persecution, 293; 298;
at Poissy, 302-3; 350; meets Calvin,
352; 363; at Geneva, 373'; 581; ep'igram
on Eabelais by, 711; 717 sq. ; m 5, 743,
755-
Bezborodko, Count Alexander Alexandro-
wich, IX 35
Bdziers, Cardinal Consalvi at, x 133; Be-
publican attack on, xi 137
Bezobrazofi, Eussian speculator in Korea,
xn 676
Bezuidenhout, Frederick, xi 779
Jan, XI 779
Bhamo, British mission at, xn 500; 793;
796
Bharatpur, xi 727; capture of, 729
B4jah of, treaty with, ix 728
Bhonsla, and Indian politics, ix 717; 725,
726
Bhopal, XI 725; the East India Company
and, 726
Bhotans, The, Formosan tribe, xii 556
Bhutan, military operations in, xi 752
Biala, Bennigsen at, ix 285
Bialystok, annexed to Eussia (1807), ix 293,
337, X 413; incorporated in province of
Grodno (1842), 420 ; 427; Eussian ad-
ministration of, 459; 469
Bidna, battle at, vx 509
Biarritz, Napoleon and Bismarck at, xi
447, 479
Biban (the Iron Gates), occupied by the
French, x 504
Bibbiena, Cardinal (Bernardo di Dovizi),
n B; La Calandrm, 11 ; 15 sq.
Piero da, in 388
Biberach, engagement at (1800), ix 58
Bibesoo, George, Hospodar of Wallachia,
XI 283
Bibikoff, Dmitri Gavrilovich, Eussian
Minister of the Interior, xi 614
Eussian general, puts down Puga-
che£f*s rising (1773-5), vi 680 ; 687
Bible, The, medieval knowledge of, early
commentaries, translations, etc., i 585
sqq.; printed in the original (the Com-
plutensian Polyglot, Eoman edition of
the Septuagint, etc.), 602 sqq., 639 sq. ;
versions of, Latin, ih . ; vernacular, ;
general] survey of Latin and vernacular,
639 sqq. ; German, French, Italian, etc.,
ih . ; English, 640 sqq. ; dissemination of,
684 sqq. ; the Bihlia Sebraica of Sebas-
tian Munster, ii 355. Versions of;
German (by Luther), 164; French (by
Lef5vre d*Etaples and by Jean de E^ly),
283; Italian (by Brucioli), 383; Slavonic,
395; Spanish, 402, 406, 411; English
(authorised), 453, 464 sqq.; English,
various, 464 sq,; Danish, 617 ; Icelandic,
621 ; Swedish, 624 ; The BihUf
250
G-eneral Index.
Ill 877 ; Sixtus Y’s, published by Clement
VIII (1592), 446; the Berlehurg Bible, v
761. See also New Testament
Bibliography, classical, VoL i, Chap, xvi
jpassim; Christian, Chap, xvii passim,
especially 610 sqq. ; but see also Libra-
ries, Bible, etc.
Bibliotheca Palatina, given by Maximilian
to Pope Gregory XV, iv 83. See also
Libraries
Bibliothecae Patrum, early (printed) editions
of the, I 617 sq.
Bibliotheque GathoUque, Eoyalist journal,
X 72
Bichat, Marie-Fran^ois-Xavier, ix 133
Bicker, Andries, xv 726
Cornelis, uncle of the wife of John
de Witt, IV 726 ; v 145
Wendela, wife of John de Witt, v
144
Bicocea, battle of the (1622), ii 45
Bidassoa river, Junot crosses, ix 303 ;
Dupont ordered to cross, 430; lines of,
480
Biddle, John, Unitarian, persecuted by
Parliament, iv 454; v 327
Biegeleben, Freiherr Ludwig Maximilian
von, Austrian Privy Councillor, xi 444
Biel, ceded to Bern, ix 601
Gabriel, last of medieval schoolmen,
1 637; at Erfurt, n 111
Bielany, secret society founded at, x 453
Bielaya Krinitza, bishopric at, xi 266
Bielefeld, taxation in, vi 221
Bielinski, Count Peter, x 457
Vissarion, Bussian writer, xi 614,
649
Bielke, Gunilla, marries John III of
Sweden, iv 167
Hogenskild, beheaded, rv 174
Nils, Swedish statesman, v 573
— ^ — Steno, Swedish diplomatist, iv 373
Ture, imprisonment of, rv 169 ; flight
of, to Denmark, 172; beheaded, 173
Bielopolye, Austria and, xii 396
Bielowice, Charles XII at, v 592
Bielski, Bogdan Jakowlewitsch, candidate
for Bussian crown, v 497
Marcin, Polish chronicler, m 88
Bienerth, Baron Bichard von, Austrian
statesman, xn 209
Bienhoa, ceded to I^nce, xn 524
Bienvenu Martin, Jean-Baptiste, French
Minister of Public Worship, xn 122
Bienville, Celeron de, explores Ohio, vn
119
Jean Baptiste Lemoine (or Le
Moyne), Sieur de, vn 88
Biez, See Du Biez
Biflen, Bowland, agricultural scientist, xn
Big Bethel, Federal defeat at (1861), vn
464
Big Black Eiver, Confederate driven from
(1863), vn 504 '
Biggar, Joseph Gillis, Irish politician, xn
74
Bigge, John Thomas, mission of, to Aus-
tralia, XI 789 sq.
Bigi, Medicean party in Florence, i 157,
176
Bigne, Marguerin de La, editor of Bibliotheca
Veterum Patrum, i,618sq.
Bignon, Louis-Pierre-Edouard, x 91
Bigod, Sir Francis, in the Pilgrimage of
Grace, ii 447
Bigot, Charles, French writer, xn 94
Francois, Intendant of New France,
VII 95, 143
de Pr4ameneu, Felix- Julien- Jean,
vm 213, 742; Minister of Public Wor-
ship, IX 136; 150
Bih^, Cameron at, xn 810
Bijapur, war of, with Aurungzeb, v 698;
besieged by Shah Jehan, vi 517 sq.; 519
sqq.; surrenders to Aurungzeb, 522
Bilad Ghana, See Guinea
Bilbao, captured by the French, viii 441;
besieged (1835), x 235, (1836), 238, (1874),
XII 262
BilbassoS, B. von, Bussian historian, xn
842
Bilde, Marshal Anders, reconquers Bremen
and Yerden, iv 584 ; mortally wounded at
Frederiksodde, 585
Eske, Kirhebryder, ii 618
Ove. See Aarbuus, Bishop of
Bilderdyck, William, Dutch poet, vin 788;
XI 675
Bilderling, Bussian general, in the Busso-
Japanese War, xii 591, 593, 597 sq,
Bilders, Albert, Dutch painter, xii 249
Bilek, Montenegro and, xn 392
Bill of Eights, character of the, v 251 sq.,
277
Bill, Dr William, Dean of Westminster,
n 565
Billaud-Varennes, Jean-Nieolas, vni 234,
239, 246 sq-, 339; on the Gomite de
Salut Public, 344, 349 sqq., 358 sq., 362;
and the fall of Eobespierre, 364 sqq., 369;
374 sq., 377 ; charges against, 380, 384;
deported, 385
Billault, Auguste-Adolphe-Marie, French
statesman, xi 294; 297; 477
Billicanus, German Eeformer, n 160
Billick, Eberhard, Catholic divine, n 251
Billingsley, Captain, iv 290
Biiiioray, Alfred-Edouard, French politi-
cian, XI 502
Billot, Jean-Baptiste, French Minister of
War, XII 96
Bilma, British explorers at, xii 807
Biloxi, fort at, vii 88, 362
Bilsen, Marlborough at, v 415
Binch, restored to Spain, v 45
Binder, Baron, Austrian diplomatist, at the
Congress of Vienna, ix 583
Linger, Louib, African explorer, xii 129;
812
General Indeoo.
251
Bingham, Sir Bichard, President of Con-
naught, in 604
Binnenhof, The (at the Hague), Bemon-
strantg imprisoned in, in 652; Olden-
barneveldt sentenced in, 654
Biondo. See Blondus
Bir, Ottoman army at (1839), x 561
Birago, Bene de, afterwards Cardinal,
Chancellor of France, in 19, 27, 33 .
Biran, Maine de, ix 133
Birch, John, Colonel, y 216
British Eesident at Perak, xn 532
Biren, Ernst Johann, Duke of Courland,
Grand Chamberlain of Eussia, yi 301;
proclaimed Eegent, 309 ; 312 sq. ; 665 sq.
Birkenfeld, Christian, Count Palatine of,
Yictory of, in the Palatinate, iy 229;
defeats Charles of Lorraine, 230
Birmingham, parliamentary representation
of, X 601 sq., 613; Political Union, 612,
615, 683; the metal trades in, 737;
bombs made in, xi 327; xii 44; XJni-
Yersity of, 763
League, and the Education Act,
xn 25
Birney, James Gillespie, abolitionist, vii
387 sq., 390, 393
Biron, Baron Armand de Gontaut of,
Marshal of France, in 14, 20 sq., 33,
40, 44; 47; 334; 658; 661; 679; death
of, 62
Armand-Louis de Gontaut, Due de
Lauzun and Due de, viii 339, 346 ; exe-
cuted (1793), 357; commands the Army
of the Bhine (1792), 407, 413; and the
war with Sardinia, 437
Charles de Gontaut, Duke of, m
667; 672 sq. ; 677; conspiracy and
execution of, 679 sq. ; 683
Birse, Peter the Great and Augustus II at,
V 590
Bisamberg, Archduke Charles on, ix 850
Biscay, occupied by Marshal Moncey, ix
430; Blake’s advance into, 442; Liberal
discontent in, xn 260; 263; 268
Bay of, VI 248 ; 344 ; Admiral Keppei
in, 450
BischoS, Mount, tin discovered at, xii 619
BischoSswerder, Johann Budoiph von,
Adjutant-General of Frederick William II
of Prussia, vi 726; vm 529 sq.
Biseglia, Alfonso de, third husband of
Lucrezia Borgia, i 236, 239 ^
Biserta, French expedition against, vi 350
Bishops' Bible, The, ni 377
Bishops’ Book, The, or The Institution of
a Christian Man, n 448
Bishops’ Wars, The First and Second (1639-
40), IY 501 sqq.
Bismarck archipelago, xn 668
Herbert, Prince von, mission of, to
England, xii 161
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Eduard Leo-
pold, Prince von, vn 661 sqq.; Ministry
of (1862-71), Vol. XI, Chap, xvi; 58; 160;
■' 192 ; and German Unity, 220, 223, 408,
677; and the Hesse-Cassel crisis, 231;
305; and the Schleswig-Holstein question,
338; 394; 396; and Austria, 402 sq.;
406; 410 sq.; at Biarritz, 447, 479; and
the Luxemburg question, 483 ; policy of,
towards France, 494 sq., 576 sqq.; and
the peace negotiations with France, 497
sqq., 600, 611 sq. ; and the alliance with
Italy, 539 sq. ; and the Spanish succes-
sion, 571; and army reform, 579; and
the Vatican Council, 719; and the German
Empire, Vol. xn, Chap, vipamm; 8 sq.;
14 sq.; 28; and France, 95, 97 sq., 107,
114; and Tunis, 239; and the Triple
Alliance, 240; and the Caroline Islands
dispute, 264; 275; at the Congress of
Berlin, 394 ; and the Armenian question,
416; and Egyptian affairs, 435; and
colonisation, 528, 658; and colonisation
in Africa, 658; 828; 844
Bissolati-Bergamaschi, Leonida, editor of
VAvanti, xn 231
Bisticci, Vespasiano da. See Vespasiano
Bitonto, Spanish victory at, vi 153
Bitsch, Yin 407, defences of, 423 ; occupied
by the Prussians (1798), 425
Bitzius, Albert (‘‘Jeremias Gotthelf”),
Swiss writer, xi 261; 417 sq.
Biveroni, Jakob, iy 36
Biville, Cadoudal lands at, ix 29; Savary
at, 30
Bixio, Jacques- Alexandre, French deputy,
XI 113; 118
Bizen, Japanese noble, xi 850
Bjerregaard, Hemdk Anker, Korwegian
poet, XI 700
Bjdmson, Bjornstjerne, Norwegian novelist
and dramatist, xi 701 sq. ; xn 281
Blacas, Pierre-Louis-Jean-Oasimir, Duo de,
and the Ministry of Louis XVIII, ix 565 ;
advice of, 674 ; x 44 sq. ; mission of, to
Borne, 148
Black, David, preacher, ni 551
James itobert, and the Working
Man’s Association, x 682
Death, effects of, i 426, 500
— ^ — Forest, distress of peasantry of, i
299 ; French army in, v 406 sqq. ; ix
57 sq., 253
Sea, Poland and, in 73; Eussian
designs on, v 370, 494, 526, 603, vi 304,
630, 633 sq., 648; Eussian expedition to
(1770), 673; Treaty of Kutchuk-Kainardji
and, 674; 676, 695; Eussian claims on,
X 170, 173, 175 ; Eussia commands (1829),
202, 546 sq., xi 274; Eussian fleet in
(1833), X 655 ; British and French fleets
in, XI 316, 572 ; the Powers and, 321 sq. ;
neutralisation of, 323 sq. ; 577 ; abroga-
tion of the Treaty of Paris clauses, 611,
614, 633 sq., 639; the Powers and, xn
28; Bussia and, 298, 382; 388 ; 395; 398
Blackburn, riots at, xi 2
Blaokbume, Eobert, Auctarium, vi 791
262
General Index.
Blackford, burning of, vi 102
Biackfriars, tbe trial of the Bivorce question
at, II 431
Blackheath, fight at (1497), i 469
Blackmore, Biehard D., novelist, xi 359
Blackness Castle, vi 92
Biackstone, Sir William, judge, vi 811
Blaekwater, fort at the, in 605-7
Blackwell, Elizabeth, medical practitioner,
xn 763
George, iii 353
Blackwoodls Magazine, xi 362
Blazons, Henri-F.-L. d’Armand de Forest,
Marquis de, deputy of the National
Assembly, vni 156
Bladensburg, British victory at (1814), vn
344
Blagaj, Turks repulsed at, i 73
Blagoveschensk, founded, xi 273; and the
Boxer movement, xii 521
Blaine, James Gillespie, Eepubliean
Speaker, vn 644 sq. ; Secretary of State,
649, 652 sq., 660, 664 sqq. ; xn 699
Blainville, Marquis of, French ambassa-
dor, Charles I demands recall of, iv
263
Blair Castle, siege of, vi 116
Francis Preston, and peace negotia-
tions, vn 535 sq.
James, in Virginia, vn 69
Montgomery, Postmaster-General, vn
450, 592
Bobert, poet, vr 828
Blake, Joachim, Spanish general, com-
mands Spanish army in Galicia, ix 438 ;
advances into Biscay, 442; defeated by
Marshal Befebvre, 443 ; sent to Valencia,
448; defeated before Saragossa, 454;
aids Beresford, 466; regiments of, give
way, 467; at Seville, 468; raises siege
of Sagunto, 470
Bobert, admiral and general, at
Taunton, iv 328 sq. ; victory of, off the
Kentish Knock, 436, 473; captures the
Spanish Plate fieet (1656), 440; one
of the ** generals at sea,” 460; oft the
coast of Ireland, 463 ; off Portugal,
464; and Bupert, 464 sqq.; Tromp and,
471; in the North Sea, 472; defeated off
Bungeness, 474; victorious off Portland,
475 ; 477 sqq. ; tactics of, 480 ; expedi-
tion of, to the Mediterranean, 482 sq.;
victory and death of, off Santa Cruz, 484
sq.,440, 660; vl05; 139; 372
William, poet, vi 824
Blakiston, Thomas, surveys the Yang-tsze-
kiang, xii 796
Blanc, Louis, x 485; 499; 509; 573; xi
24 sq.; 39; 97; and the Bevolution
of 1848, 99, 101, 103 sq.; and the
Lamartine Ministry, 105 sq.; and the
elections, 107; 109 sqq.; 114; edits the
Ma^el, XII 94; 106; 758 ; 833
Blanchard, French officer, commander of
the guard of the Councils, vm 677
Blanco, Cape, v 691; France and, xii
660; 806
Guzman, President of Venezuela,
XII 673; 687
y ^enas, Eamon, Marquis de Pena
Plata, Governor- General of Cuba, vii
675
Blandford, Marquis of. See Marlborough
Blandrata, Giorgio, Italian doctor and
sectary, ii 393; leader of Polish Uni-
tarians, 637; ni 80; 94 sq.
Blankenfeld, fight at (1813), ix 526
Blanqui, Louis-Auguste, French revolu-
tionary, X 511 ; XI 104 sq. ; 107 ; 109 ;
290; 474; editor of Candida, 486;
attempts to establish a Eepublic, 496;
497 sq.
Blarer, Ambrose, Zwinglian Beformer, ii
161, 216, 234; driven into exile, 265, 328
Blasco Ibanez, Vicente, Spanish novelist,
xn 257; 269
Blaser, Anselmo, Spanish general, xi 560
Blasere, Butch councillor, iii 216
Blasi, di, advocate of Palermo, viii 556
Blavet, Spanish raids from, iii 321; seizure
of, by Spain, 521 ; surrender of, by Spain,
523 ; Spanish evacuation of, 674-5 ;
captured by Huguenots, iv 130
Blaaland, Gregory, Australian explorer, xi
790 sq.
Bleddin, fight at (1813), ix 531-2
Bleking, Treaty of Boeskilde and, iv 586
BMneau, victory of Condd at, rv 616
Blenheim, battle of (1704), v 410 sq., 463,
668
Bles, Butch painter, xn 249
Blicher, Steen Steensen, Banish writer, xi
698
Biigh, William, Governor of New South
Wales, IX 739
Blignieres, Minister in Egypt, xn 434
Blindheim, French army crosses the Banub&
near, ix 64
Blittersdorff, Baron Friedrich Landolin
Karl von, Baden Minister, xi 145
Bloemfontein, British garrison at, xi 783;
784; xn 641 sq.; Union convention at,
646
Blois, Treaties of (1504-5), 1 127, (1572), m
283 sq.; Coligny at, 17 ; States General at,
31; Buke of Guise murdered at (1588),
415 ; Eichelieu and the Queen-Mother at,
IV 124 sqq,; residence of Madame de
Stael near, ix 131
William de, Lord of Treslong, ni
229-30
Blok, Petrus Johannes, Butch historian,
xn 842
Blomberg, Barbara, iii 18
Biomfield, Charles James, Bishop of Lon-
don, X 660 ; 673; 679
Blommers, Bemardus J., Butch painter,
xn 249
Blondus (Flavio Biondo), works of, i 547
Blood river, Zulus defeated at, xi 782
General Indeos.
253
Blood, Sir Bindon, general, xii 488
“Bloody Anpfle,’* at Spotsylvania, vii 518
“Bloody Assizes/’ of Judge Jefreys, V
'232'"''
“ Bloody Diet” (1547), ni 147
Blount, CBaries, lari of Devonshire and
8th Baron Mountjoy. See Mountjoy
Bludoff, 'Count Bemetri, »[■ 614 ' '■
Bliioher, 'Cebhard Debrecht, , Prince ..von,
' . Prussian Field-Marshal, surrender of Lu-
becls; by, ix 280; 328; commands in
Silesia, 514; occupies Dresden, 515; at
Gross-Gorschen, 517 *, 518 ; at Bautzen,
519; in Silesia, 523 sq.; on the middle
Elbe, 530; decisive action of, 531 ; 532
sq.; at Mockem, 536'-7 ; at Leipzig, 538;
542-3; advance of, 544; 545-7; retreat
of, 548 ; crosses the Marne, 550 ; at Laon,
551 ; defeats Marmont, 552 ; illness of,
553; army of, 623; and the Belgian
campaign, 625 ; at Ligny, 627 sqq. ; de-
cision of, 631; at Waterloo, 632 sqq.;
marches on Paris, 643 ; x 349
Blum, Bobert, German politician, xi 59;
149; vice-president of the Vorparlament^
163; 165; 168; at the defence of Tienna,
188; execution of, 189
Blumenthal, Leonard von, Prussian general,
XI 456
Board of Trade, the English, constituted
with permanent staff, v 264. See also
Trade and Industry
Boavista (Cape Verde Islands), discovered,
I 15
Bobadilla, Nicholas, Jesuit, n 652, 656
Bobovae, captured by the Turks, i 73
Bdbrikoff, General, Governor-general of
Finland, xii 335; 377
Bobrinsky, Count V., Eemstvo President,
XII 315; 333; 372; at the Prague Con-
gress, 378
Bobruisk, mutiny at, xn 362
Bocage. See Du Bocage
Boccaccio, Giovanni di Certaldo, i 541, 549;
in 368, 468
Bochard, Jean, Bishop of Avranches. See
Avrauches
Booher, Joan, execution of, n 501, 538
Bocskai, Stephen, Prince of Transylvania,
King of Hungary. See Stephen Bocskai
Bodelschwingh, Ernst von, Prussian
Minister of the Interior, xi 56; 58;
157 sq.
Boden, fortresses at, xn 277
Bodenstein, Andrew, of Carlstadt, See
Carlstadt
Bodin, Jean, m 62, 747-9, 753-4, 762-3;
VI 786; 803
Bodkin, Christopher, Archbishop of Tuam,
HI 593
Bodley, Sir Thomas, in 44 ; 710 ; v 747
Bodmer, Johann Jakob, Swiss writer, vi
625 ; X 384 sqq.
Boeblingen, defeat of Peasants’ Bising at
(1525), H 189
■Bockh, August, historian, xn 820 sqq.;
824; 844
BocMin, ' Arnold, painter, xi 261
Bodteher, Ludvig Adolph, Danish poet, xi
699
Boheim, Hans, German sectary, i 674 sq.
Bdhl de Faber, J. H., x 210 “
BoMer, Peter, Moravian preacher, vi 82
Boehme, Jakob, n 690, 714 sq. ; iv 425;
T 758 sqq. ,
Bohmer, Johann Friedrich, German his-
torian, XII 823
Boer Wars (1880-1), xii 39, 245, 637,
(1899-1900), ib. 31, 53 sqq., 57, 59,
247, 641 sqq.
Borne, Ludwig, x 875, 410 sq-
Boers, in South Africa, vi 189; VoL xi.
Chap. XXVII (3) passiin; xii 3; 35; and
the Sand Eiver Convention, 41 ; the
German Emperor and, 171 sq. ; 636 sqq.
Boetius (Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severi-
nus), inliuence of, I 534
Botticher, Karl Heinrich von, Prussian
Minister, xii 155
Botzow on the Havel. See Oranienhurg
Bogaers, Adrianos, Dutch poet, xr 676'^
Bogatzky , Karl Heinrich von, v 762
Bogbinder. See Metzenbeim, Hans
Bogdanovich, Bussian revolutionary, xii 310
Bogerman, Joannes, iii 653
Bogle, George, visits Tibet, xn 798
Bogolyepoff, Bussian ofScial, xii 315
Bogolydboff, Bussian revolutionary, xii 305
Bogomils, Greek sect in Bosnia, i 71
Bogosloff district, industrial depression in,
XI 618
Bogota, government of, x 285, 288, 290;
captured by Bolivar (1815), 290, (1819),
294; 296
Bogue forts, capture of, xi 815
Bohemia, under George Podiebrad, i 293,
331 ; internal decay of, 329 *, acquired by
the Habsburgs, 329 sq., 340; comparison
of, with Hungary, 330 sq., 341 sqq. ;
religious troubles in, 331, 338, 340;
geographical and political structure of,
331, 334; class wars in, 338; disputed
claims to the crown of, n 198 sq. ; con-
stitutional liberties of, destroyed by
Ferdinand I, 262; King of, not in-
cluded in Beielmdeputaiiomtage^ m 143;
under Ferdinand I, 147-8; religious
questions in, 147, 180, 703,719; revolution
in (161^, 568 ; Frederick V driven out of,
569 ; German appointments in, 696 ;
Estates of, 721 sqq., 726 sq.; Anhalt’s
intrigues in, 725; the crown of, ceded to
Matthias (1611), 734; and the opening of
the Thirty Years* War, Vol. rv, Chap, i
passim^ and the War in 1620-3, 64-84;
Eabsburg dominion in, 206; Saxons in,
209 ; 212; debt of, to Wallenstein, 213;
215; 219; Wallenstein and, 232 sqq.;
242 sqq.; Bandr and, 252; Swedira
troops in, 370, 392 ; peace proclaimed in,
16
& M. S«
254
General Index.
394 ; part of, held by Sweden at the close
of the War, 403; effects of War upon,
417 sq. , 431 ; 634 ; 640 ; subdued by the
Emperor, 641 *, and the Habsburgs, v 339;
351 *, Brandenburg and, 621, 624 ; and the
War of the Austrian Succession, vi 210,
231 sqq*, 240, 242 sq., 250; Frederick the
Great and, 251 ; 254 ; the Seven Years’
War in, 255 sqq. ; Prussian evacuation
of, 262; 275; 277; Prussian army again
in (1758), 279; 289; 291; Austrian army
in, 294 ; 317 ; Joseph II in, 626 sq. ;
Frederick II in, 632 ; 638 ; and the War
of the Bavarian Succession, 704 sqq.;
Austrian defence in (1790), vni 293;
influence of the French Bevolution in,
777 ; IX 41 ; Austrian and Bussian troops
in, 257; 346; army of Allies in, 523, 529,
631 ; the Liberal movement in, xi 45 sq. ;
and the National Assembly, 164, 170 ; the
national party in, 171; 173; 176 sqq.;
216; Austrian troops in (1850), 230;
399; 402; the Austro-Prussian War in,
452; 663; literature in, 653 sqq. ; xii 11;
and Hungary, 177 ; 181 ; political claims
of, 186; 187 sq,; 194 sq. ; success of
the Young Cechs in, 196 ; 200; Germans
and Ceohs in, 201 ; 209 ; historical research
in, 842
Bohemian Brethren, probable origin of,
11 160 ; expulsion of, 635 sq. ; in Poland,
636, HI 75 ; 79 ; in Boliemia itself, 147 ;
180; under Budoif II, 703
Boialva, Mass5na takes the road through,
IX 461
Boiardo, Matteo Maria (Count of Scan-
diano), iii 458; the Orlando InnamoratOt
459-61
Boiars, in the early Muscovite State, v 484
sqq., 488 sqq., 501; the shaving of, by
Peter the Great, 524
Boigne, Benoit le Borne, Comte de, and
Sindhia, ix 718; 720
Boileau-Bespr^aux, Nicolas, v 65 ; 67 ; 70 ;
VI 822 ; 829; x 384; xi 508
Bomvilliers, Eloi-Emest Forestier de,
French politician, xi 127
Boisdauphin, Marshal de, iv 121
Boisdeffre, Baoul-F.-C, Le Mouton de,
French Chief of the Staff, xii 120
Boisgelin, J.-de-Dieu-B. de Cued de. See
Aix, Archbishop of
Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, Sieur de,
V 8; 29
Boishardi, Charles de, Chouan leader, vm
379
Boislisle, Arthur Michel de, xir 834
Boisot, Charles, Governor of Zeeland, in
242
Louis, admiral, relieves Leyden,
ni 239-40; death of, 244
Boisselot, Major-General, at the defence of
Limerick, v 316
Boisserde, Johann Sulpioe, and medieval
art, XII 818
Boissise, French envoy to the Protestant
Union, in 689
Boissy d’Anglas, Comte Francois- Antoine
de, VIII 249, 339 sq., 380 sqq.; on the
Committee of XI, 386, 388 ; proposals of,
for a new Constitution, 392; 488, 506
Bokhara, Bussia and, v 544; xi 631; ab-
sorbed by Bussia, xii 460; 461; 491;
caravan route through, 798 ; travellers at,
800 sq. ; 803
Bolan Pass, British troops in, xi 732
Boldh, Venetian envoy in Savoy, in 409
Boleyn, Anne. See Anne (Boleyn), Queen
of England
George. See Bochford, Viscount
Sir Thomas. See Wiltshire, Earl
of
Bolinghroke, Henry St John, 1st Viscount,
V 70; 271; 337; 430; and the Peace of
Utrecht, 434, 440, 446, 450; 461; and
party government, 463 ; Secretary at War,
464; 465 sq.; 469; Secretary of State,
470 ; 471 ; and the Stewart cause, 472 sq. ;
478; and the Schism Act, 474 sq.; and
the fall of Oxford, 475 ; 476 ; and Bussia,
608; and the succession, vi 11 sq.; 14
sqq. ; dismissed, 18 ; 42 sq. ; 71 sq. ; 77 ;
89 ; and the Old Pretender, 96 sq. ; 98 ;
394; 817 sqq.; viii 15
Bolivar y Ponte, Simon, in Venezuela, x
288 sqq., 293 sq. ; personal characteristics
of, 289; in New Granada, 290, 294; 291;
and the Eepuhlic of Colombia, 294, 296 ;
in Peru, 294 sqq.; and the Bepubiio of
Bolivia, 296; returns to Colombia, ib.;
death of, ib.; estimate of, 297; policy
of consolidation of, 298; 300; 302; 306;
XII 673; 680; 696
Bolivia, native insurrection in (1780-3),
X 267; revolution in (1809), 284, 286;
294; Upper Peru forms Bepubiio of, 296
sq,; XII 672; Chili and, 677; 678 sq. ;
690; 696
Bologna, taken by Julius II (1506), i 128,
245; surrenders to France (1511), 249,
479 ; compact of Charles V and Clement
VII at (1530), 567, 578; coronation
of Charles V at, ii 25, 60 sq., 143;
Council of Trent transferred to, 26, 81,
263 sq., 669 sq, ; 84; threatened by the
Farnesi, 86 ; Concordat of, between
Francis I and Leo X (1516), 32, 281;
Conference of, between Charles V and
Clement VII (1530), 60, 63; (1532-3), 25,
67, 439 ; execution of Giovanni Pepoii at,
m 431 ; University of, 447, ix 86, x 137 ;
botanic gardens at, v 734; Jacobin plot
at, vm 556; Legation of, held by the
French (1796), 573; 683, 588; Veronese
prefect sent to, ix 394; academy of art
created at, 396; Garbonari meeting at
(1819), X 21; Raggi in, 111; revolt at
(1830), 120, 154; rebellion at (1831),
155; XI 71; Neapolitan troops at, 85; 89;
and union with Piedmont, 386; Austrians
General Index.
255
driven from, 384; socialisf: congress at,
xn 231 ; 235
Bolotnikoff, Ivan, Bussian revolutionist,
V 500
Boisec, Jerome Hermes, n 364, 375, 717
Bolton, petitions for peace from, is 369;
conditions of labour in, xn 730 sq., 744,
765
Charles Panlet, 2nd Duke of. See
Winchester, 7th Marquis of
Charles Panlet, 3rd Duke of, vi 70
Thomas Orde, Lord, chief Secretary
for Ireland, vi 503 sq.
Boltwood, Bertram Borden, and radio-
activity, XII 790
Boma, Governor-General of the Congo at,
XII 662; 663
Bombasins, Greek scholar, teaches Greek to
Zwingli, n 308
Bombay, ceded to England, v 105, 107;
698 ; VI 445 ; 529 ; and the decline of the
Moghul empire, 531; 534; 537; 582;
Lord Momington and, xx 722 ; expedition
from, 734; xi 724; Presidency of, 727;
High Court of, 751 ; military system of j
752 ; frontier of, xn 485 ; bubonic plague
in, 487; 496 sq.
Bombelli, EaSaelle, mathematician, v 710
Bomfim, Josd Luis Travassos Valdes, Count
of, Portuguese statesman, x 339
Bompard, J, B. F., French commodore,
vni 476
Bon, Louis-Andr4, French general, vin 599,
601 sqq., 608, 611; killed, 613
Bm Sens, Le, French journal, x 499
Bona, garrisoned by Charles V, m 111;
burnt by Tuscan squadron, 399
Bona Sforza, Queen consort of Sigismund I
of Poland, m 76 sq.
Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicomte
de, IX 133; x 43; 47; 94; political
theories of, 161; 162
Bonaparte, Caroline. See Murat
Elise, Grand Buohess of Tuscany,
receives Lucca, ix 247; 267, 398, 603;
question of indemnity for, 652
Jerome, King of Westphalia, ix 53 ;
107; marriage of, 193; 265; in Silesia,
281 ; at Dresden, 279 ; kingdom of West-
phalia formed for, 293; government of,
in Westphalia, 336-7, 356; forced to
retreat from Dresden, 357; Pius VII
refuses to sanction the divorce of, 401;
appointed King of Westphalia, 411 ; 413 ;
connives at contraband trade, 474 ; mili-
tary mishap of, 490 ; at Montmartre, 553 ;
XI 119; 293 ; 385
Joseph, King of Spain, vii 366; vm
636 sq., 675; ix 66; 76, 103, 107; Grand
Elector of the Empire, 110; King of
Naples and Sicily, 111; Begenoy^ of
France vested in, 147; plenipotentiary
for the Concordat, 184; King of Naples,
194; declines kingship of Italy, 247;
267, 270, 271, 315, 324; efforts of, to
. gain Sicily, 381; crown of Italy offered
. .'to, 394; King of Naples, 403; character
:of, 404; caution to, 405; ordered to
■ .exchange Naples for Spain, 406; pro-
claimed King of Spain, 434; evacuates
Madrid, 438; 441; unable to reinforce'
Victor, 450; Soult’s letter to, 4f53; de-
feats Venegas at Almonacid, 454 ; defeats
Areizaga, 455; at Madrid, 472; retreat
of the army of, 473; at Valencia, 474;
retreat of, 477; recalled to France, 478;
at Montmartre, 553; x 210; 282 sq.;
■ 285 ■
Bonaparte, Louis, ix 107 ; Napoleon’s
Constable, 110; 139; declines kingship
of Italy, 247 ; King of Holland, 267 ; at
Wesel, 274; 278; Holland assigned to
(1806), 369; 370; 416; flight of, 371;
crown of Italy offered to, 394; letter of
Napoleon to, 407; expulsion of, 417;
and the crown of Spain, 432; and
Napoleon, 758
Lucien, vni 673 sqq., 680 sqq.;
becomes Minister of the Interior, ix 9;
63, 72, 107; discarded by Napoleon, 267;
suggested as President of the Chamber
(1815), 620; xi 119
Marie- Pauline, wife of Prince Camillo
Borghese, ix 110 ; receives Guastaiia, 111 ;
267,421
Mathilde, Princess, xi 293
Napoleon. See Napoleon I
Napoleon-Charles, death of (1806),
IX 139
Napoleon-J.-O.-P. (Prince Napoleon),
XI 293; 376; at Turin, 381; 386 ; 484
Pierre, Prince, xi 491 sq.
Bonaventura, Saint, and Indulgences, iz
125, 127; works of, printed, in 445
Bonoerf, Pierre-Franqois, writer, vm 87,
714, 744
Bonchamps, Charles-M.-Aitus de, Vendean
leader, vin 266, 354
Christian de, African traveller, xii 813
Bonde, Gustaf, Swedish statesman, v 565
sq.; 575
Bonetti, Cardinal Michael, iii 20
Bonfadio, Jacopo, Italian Beformer, ii 390
Bongars, Jacques, in 63, 671, 687
Boniface VIII (Benedetto Gaetani), Pope,
n 31, 127; iii 737
IX (Pietro Tomacelli), Pope, i 237;
introduces sale of offices, 670
St, and Fulda, i 534
Bonifacio, Straits of, xi 346
Bonin, Eduard von, Prussian general, xi 224
Bonivard, Frangois de, Abbot of St Victor,
II 362
Bonjean, Louis, French lawyer, xi 605
Bonn, raid on Electoral Palace at, m 707 ;
surrender of (1584), 708 ; taken by Schenck
(1587), 712; retaken by Spaniards (1688),
taken by the Germans (1689), v 57,
661; captured by William of Orange
(1673), 161; captured by Marlborough
16—2
256
General Index.
(1703), 407; University of, x 355, 381,
XI 143; Niebuhr at, xn 820
Bonnac, French ambassador in Switzer-
land, VI 615 sq.
Bonne Anse, the Young Pretender sails
from, VI 111
Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London, n
440, 467, 481, 484 sq. ; imprisonment of,
under Somerset, 486, 497 ; deprivation of
(1550), 501; restoration (1553), 521, 53$,
638; dispute of, with Horne, 586; in
344
Bonnet, French general, ix 351
Bonnier, Colonel, occupies Timbuktu, xa
129
Bonnier-d’Arco, Ange-E.-L.-A., plenipoten-
tiary at Bastatt, vm 641 sq., 655
Bonnivet, Guillaume Gouffier de, French
admiral, i 490; occupies Fuenterrabia
(1521), n 44; advances on Italy (1523),
47sq., 97
Bonny-sur-Loire, rising at, xi 137
Bonstetten, Charles-Victor de (Swiss philo-
sopher), IX 427
Bontekoe, Willem, conquers Formosa, xv
711
Bonticus, Hugo, iii 237
Bonvalot, Gabriel, traveller, xn 803
Bonzi, Pietro, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Naibonne, v 85
Book of Canons, Charles V& (1635), rv
494 sqq.
of Common Prayer. See Prayer
Book
Booh of Discipline y Khox*s (1560), ii 593;
(Second) (1581), ni 550
of Martyrs, Foxe’s, n 538
“Books of Bank,” in the early Muscovite
State, V 485 sq.
Boomplatz, battle of, xi 783
Booth, Sir George, afterwards 1st Baron
Belamere, rising of, iv 540 ; 545 ; defeat
and imprisonment of, 541; 544; released,
552
John Wilkes, vn 545 sqq.
Imperialist colonel, in Livonia, rv
383
Boothby, Sir Brooke, writer, vin 758
Bopp, Franz, philologer, xii 822 ; 845
Bordeaux, Protestants massacred near, m
30; Montaigne at, 65, 66, 69; the League
in, 661; Jesuits in, 664; the Fronde in,
IV 613 sqq. ; results of, 621 ; Barlment
of, 610 sq., V 4, vni 47; in 1787-90,
60; reaction in (1793), 840; trade of,
486; inhabitants of, declared emigres,
502; Beresford marches on, ix 481; xx
31; 113; 499; National Assembly at,
500, 611 sq., xn 91; the Pact of, 92,
102
Henri-Oharles-Ferdinand, Due de, x
Champion de Cied, Archbishop of,
vni 156, 178; Keeper of the Seals, 186,
727
Bordeaux, Henri d’Escoubleau de Sourdis,
Archbishop of, v 755
Bordeaux-Neufville, Antoine de, v 106
Bordesholm, Treaty of (1522), n 607
Boreiii, Giovanni Alfonso, physicist, v
727 sq.; 731; 733 sq.; 740
Borgesius, Hendrik Gooman, Dutch Min-
ister of the Interior, xii 247 sq.
Borghese, Camillo, Due de Guastalla, ix
110; Governor-General beyond the Alps,
397
Scipio, Cardinal, and Fra Paolo
Sarpi, IV 671
Borghesi, Bartolommeo, Count, archaeo-
logist, xn 842 sq.
Borgia, Gesare, Cardinal of Valencia, Duke
of Valentinois, 1 114, 124, 231, 234, 672;
character of, 235; relations of, with France,
123, 126, 191 sq., 194, 236; made Duke
of Valentinois, 120, 236; policy of, 193;
Eomagna and, 193, 238-9; capture of
Imola and Forli by, 123, 192, 238 ; capture
of Urbino by, 194, 240; conspiracy
against, 195; Machiavelli and, 195, 237,
240, 242; fall of, 126, 128, 195, 242, 245;
prisoner in Spain, 128; death of, 126,
196, 242; n 1
Gasparo, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Seville and Toledo, and the Catalan re-
volt, IV 648 ; protests against papal policy,
680
Luorezia, i 227, 234, 236, 239
Bodrigo. See Alexander VI, Pope
Borgo, Act of Guarantee issued at (1809),
IX 314; Diet at (1809), x 433
Borgo, Count Pozzo di. See Pozzo di
Borgo
Borgoforte, Austrian force at, vi 153; 154
Borgomainero, Charles Emmanuel d'Bste,
Marquis of, Spanishambassador at Vienna,
V 358; 364
Boris, Prince, of Bulgaria, xn 342 ; 410 sq.
Godunoff, Tsar, Begent of Bussia,
V 495 sq.; elected Tsar, 497; death of,
498; 516; 522; 524
BorissoS, French retreat to, ix 501; 502
Borkelo, the Bishop of Munster and, v
150 sq.
Borku, explorer at, xn 811
Borlase, Sir John, appointed Lord Justice,
rv 621
Bormida, plain of the, ix 62; 63
Bormio, early history of, iv 35 sqq. ; 41 ; the
Grisons and, 50 sqq. ; only the Catholic
faith permitted in, 58; Jenatsch des-
patched to, 61; Femamond defeated at,
62; sovereignty of the Grisons in, 63;
Austria gains, ax 660
Borne, Prussian advance on, vi 275
Bornemann, Wilhelm, Prussian politician,
XI 159
Borneo, Dutch trade in, iv 711 ; Dutch and
English in, xn 669
Bornholm, victory of Danes over Liibeck
near (1635), n 230, 615; Danes defeated
Germ'd! Index.
257
off (1563), IT 163 J 561; captured by
Wran^^el, 572; Treaty of Eoeskilde and,
586; Swedes expelled from, 588; restored
to Denmark, 591
Bornboved, Danisb defeat at (122b), v 620
Bomier, Philippe, ix 165
Borodino, battle of (1812), ix 495 sqq.
Borough, William, Vice-Admiral, in 306
Borovsk, Napoleon’s retreat by, ix 499
Borxomean League, founded (1586), n 341
Borromeo, Saints Carlo and Federigo. See
Milan, Archbishops of
Borselen, Jan Willem van, Dutch painter,
xn 249
Borsieri, Pietro, x 119
Borsteli, retreat of, before Eugene Beau-
hartiais, ix 515; at Dennewitz, 530
Borston Weil, Prjevalsky at, xn 798; 802
Bosanquet, Charles, Eicardo’s controversy
•with, X 772
Bosboom, Johannes, Dutch painter, xn
249
Boscawen, Edward, Admiral, ti 333; 342a
sqq. (in Yol xiii) ; 537 sq.; vn 133
Bosch, Johannes van den, Governor- General
of the Dutch East Indies, xi 667
Boselii, Paolo, Italian statesman, xn 227
Bosi, Carlo Alberto, poet, si 545
Bosio, Antonio, work of, on the Catacombs,
I 610
Bosna valley, fighting m, xn 400
Bosnia, dissensions in, i 71 sq.; conquered
by the Turks, 72 sqq.; sends reinforce-
ments to Solyman II, m 107; v 366;
Prince Eugene in, 370; vi 648; 675;
suggested occupation of, by France, ix
308: 312; unrest in, x 549, xi 533; xn
3:9; rising in, 32; 172; annexed by
Austria, 175 sq-, 192, 211 sq., 378, 427 sq.;
198; Austrian rule in,
385 sqq.; Austria and, 389, 394; 390;
the Treaty of San Stefano and, 392; the
Treaty of Berlin and, 396, 399; 400
Bosporus, The, passage of, sq.;
Eussian rights in, x 170, 203, 444;
Eussian squadron in (1833), 552 sq.,
558; Great Britain and, 562; closed to
war-ships, 564, 572; the Sultan’s rights
in, XI 634 ^ ±
Bosse, Pieter Philip van, Dutch statesman,
XI 667
Prussian official, xn 155
Bossu, or Bossut, Maximilian de Henmn,
lord of. General of the States, in 250
Count, Spanish admiral, m 2S6-7
Bossuet, Jacques-B4nigne, See Meaux,
Bishop of , , . tc
Boston (Mass.), settlement of, vn 16;
Quakers at, 25; ship-buildmg at, 56;
literature in, 60; disaffection in, 146,
149, 151 sqq. ; and the tea riot, 446
sq., vn 158 sqq.; evacuated by the British
(1776) 171 ; and writs of assistance, 177
sqq.; legislation in, 187; 268; merchants
of, 310 sq., 319; 321; action of the
Shannoti and the Ckesffpea'ke off, 342;
communication with, 351, 694; imports
of, 355; emigration from, 359; woollen
manufacturers at, 376; Anti-Slavery So-
ciety in, 387 ; orators of, 743 sq.
Boston Bay, settlements in, vn 16, 18, 21
Athenaeum, The, vn 744
“Boston Massacre, The,” vn 153 sq,
Boston, John, monk of Bury, Catalogue
Scj'iptorum, i 592, 611
Bostrom, Erik Gustaf, Swedish statesman,
xn 277 . . . .
Boswell, Sir William, advice given to
English traders by, iv 749
Boswortb, battle of (1485), i 463 sq.
Botany, history of. See Science
Bay, convicts at, ix 737
Both, Governor-General Pieter, Dutch trade
with Japan and, iv 712
Botha, Louis, Boer general, xn 643
Bothmer, Count Johann (Hans) Caspar von,
Hanoverian envoy in London, v 476, vi
12 sqq., 16, in London, 17 sqq.; death
■■ of* '19 . , . .
Bothnia, East, peasant risings m, iv 1/2
Quit of, V 610; Eussian fleet m, vr
779 '
Bothniensis, Nicolaus, at the Vpsala M'ote,
Bothvid. See Strengnaes, Bishop of
Bothwell Bridge, battle of (1679), v 225,
285 sq. , T-. , * Vrtc
James Hepburn, 4th Earl of, n 575,
595; HI 268; 270 sqq.; 529
Bott, mutineer at Cadiz, vm 630
Botta, Carlo G. G., Italian historian, xn
842
Paul-lfemile, Assyxiologist, xn 845
Marquis de, Austrian ambassador m
Bussia, VI 315 sqq.
Botticella, Alessandro, scholar, n lb
Botticelli, Alessandro Filipepi* Florentine
painter, i 147
Bottot, Secretary to Barras, viii 679
Bou Amena, revolt of, xn 129
Bouchain, taken by the French (1676), v
44, (1712), 434; 45; captured by Marl-
borough (1711), 431
Bouchd-Leciercq, Auguste, historian, xn
Boucher, Jean, Sermons de Za stmuUe 6(m-
version.in 764; the De Justa Ahdicatione
BenriH Tertii, %b. ...
de Perthes, Jacques, archaeologist,
xn 850 . . ^ *
Saint- Sauveur, Antoine, Pans deputy
to the National Convention, vm 247
Bouches de Meuse, department of,^ix 417
Bouchotte, J.-B.-Noffi, French Minister of
War, vm 339, 343, 362, 424, 429 sq.
Bouet-Winaumez, Comte Louis -Edouard,
'■ 'French vie®- admiral,- xi 582 ■
Bouffiers, Louis-Franqois de Boufflers, Duke
of, Marshal of France, v 405 sq.;. 4^1;
425 sq.
268
General Index.
Bougainville, Lotiis-Antoine de, vn 126,
137, 139 sqq., 143
Bouille,B’ranQois-C. - A., Marquis of , Governor
of the Antilles, vi 451 ; 453 ; commands
the Army of the East, vm 192, 403 sq.
Bouillon, duchy of, returned to Bishop
of Liege, n 94 ; and Luxemburg, ix 655 ;
separation of, from France, 664; added
to the Netherlands (1815), x 524
Frdddric-Maurice de La Tour
d’Auvergne, Duke of, rallies to the
Crown (1652), iv 610; joins rebels, 611;
withdraws to Bordeaux, 613; at court,
616; death of, 618
Henri de La Tour d’ Auvergne, Duke
of (1614), rv 119 sq.; marches to Poitou,
121; 122; gains of, 124; 126; conspiracies
of, 150 sq.
Henri de La Tour Auvergne, Vieomte
de Turenne, Duke of, m 22; 27; 35; 50;
acquires Bouillon (1591), 665; 418, 669
sqq.; 711; quarrels with Henry IV, 722
Henri-l^bert, Duke of, ni 25
BoulainviEiers, Comte Henri de, vm 14, 16
Boulanger , Georges - Ernest - J ean - Marie ,
French Minister of War, xii 96; 112;
162
Boulay, French army corps at, xi 586
de la Meurthe, Antoine-L-O.- J.,
Comte de, vm 509 sq.; 615; 517; 677;
686; IX 151
Boulogne, siege and capture of, by Henry
VHI (1544), n 78, 245, 459; French siege
of (1549), 460, 493; given up to France
by Warwick (1550), 86, 268, 499; pro-
jected seizure of, m 42; conference at
(1600), 534, 536; Elizabeth claims, 670;
Napoieon^s projected invasion of England
and, IX 28, 212-5, 237, 244, 252; British
attack on flotilla at, 215-6; French army
moved from, 234; Italian troops in
manoeuvres at, 396
Boulogneberg, evacuated by the English
(1549), n 493
Boulonnais, The, v 4; rising in, 9
Boulter, Hugh, Archbishop of Armagh, vi
486 sq. ; death of, 488
Boulton, Matthew, mechanician, vm 765;
X 734
Bounty Act, English (1689), v 264 ; extended,
VI 49
Bouquet, Henry, Swiss officer in the English
service, vn 97, 136
Bourbaki, Charles- Denis -Sauter, French
general, xi 257; 607 sq.; retreats into
Switzerland, 609 ; 610 sq.
Bourbon, tie de (I^union), and the Eevo-
lution, vm 194; reduced (1810), ix 240,
731-2, 754 ; 390
House of, IX 70 ; French clergy work
for return of the, 206 ; 316, 331 ; restora-
tion of the, 555 sqq.
Anne of Beaujeu, Duchess of, 1 109,
393, 397; Begent of France, 445; n 37;
the Duchy of Bourbon and, 46
Bourbon, Antony, Duke of, King-consort of
Navarre, joins the Beformers, ii 295;
vacillation of, 297 sqq., 303; 667; death
of, III 6
Charles, Cardinal de, Archbishop of
Eouen, in 30 sqq., 45-6; proclaimed
Charles X, 48; dies (1590), 49; 415;
451 sqq.; 660
Charles II, Cardinal de, 1590 (the
younger), previously Cardinal de Yen-
dome, Archbishop of Eouen, m 49 ; 52
Charles, Count of Montpensier and
Duke of, Constable of France, i 397; ii
24, 46 sq., 49 sqq., 53 sqq., 421, 423
Charlotte de, 3rd wife of William of
Orange. See Orange
Henry de, of Navarre. See Henry IV
of France
Jean II, Duke of, x 393
Juan de, xii 258; 260
Louis, Bastard of, sent to occupy
the Somme towns, ! 438
— — Louis of, Bishop of Liege. See
Li4ge
LouiS'Henri I, Duke of, vi 134; 138;
140 ; fall of, 143 sq. ; 146 ; 163
Louis-Henri II, Duke of, emigrates
(1789), vm 165
Peter, Duke of, Begent of France,
1 115 sq., 394
Susanne, Duchess of, n 46
Bourbonnais, The, customs of, v 13
Bourbotte, Pierre, member of the Con-
vention, vm 388
Bourboulon, French Minister in China,
XI 817 sq.
Bourcet, Pierre- Joseph, French engineer,
Napoleon’s indebtedness to, vm 578
Bourdaloue, le p^re Louis, Jesuit, oratory
of, 11 373; V 65; as a preacher, 80
Bourdeilies, Pierre de, Abb4 de Brantdme.
See Brantdme
Bourdelot, Queen Christina’s French phy-
sician, IV 576
Bourdon de la Crosni^re, Leonard J. J.,
deputy to the National Convention, vm
234, 366, 385
de rOise, Franqois-Louis, deputy to
the National Convention, vm 361, 366, 512
Bourg, fortification of, m 410; siege of
(1600), 418, 677
St Pierre, ix 59-60
Anne du. See Du Bourg
Antoine du. See Du Bourg
Bourges, Council of (1438), i 386, 671;
Andrea Alciati at, m 58; Pragmatic
Sanction of, 659 ; submits to Henry IV,
662; abdication of Don Carlos at, xi
563; arsenal of, 607; 608 sq.
Eenaud de Beaume, Archbishop of,
III 45, 62
J.-M. CHquet de Fontenay, Arch-
bishop of, X 85
Bourget {or Le Bourget), abandoned by the
French, xi 498; 607
General Index.
259
Bourgoing, conferences at, in 417
Bourignon, Antoinette de, pietist, y 762
Bourke, John, commands army in Con-
naught, lY 525 ; Galway Castle capitulates
to, 526
Sir Eichard, Governor of New South
Wales, XI 792
Bourlamaque, Chevalier de, French lieu-
tenant, VII 126, 135, 143
Bourmont, Louis- Auguste- Victor, Comte de
Chaisne de, Marshal of France, ix 2 ; 14,
17 ; X 97 ; in Portugal, 335 ; 486 ; 488
Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop of Bath, ii 531
]^ar- Admiral John, appointment of,
IV 478 ; Government and, 540
Major Nehemiah, Eichard Crom-
well’s fall and, rv 450 sq.
William Sturges-, x 660
Boumonvilie, Count, Imperial commander,
v651
Bourquin, French commander, defeat of,
IX 726
Bourr4, Jean, Minister of Louis XI, i 403,
409
Bourr^e, Fr^ddxic-Albert, French Minister
at Peking, xii 525
Bourrienne, L.-A. Fauvelet de, French
diplomatist, viii 616, 683; Minister at
Hamburg, ix 378; advice of, 574
Bouteville, Francois de Montmorency,
Sei^eur de, rv 155
Bouthillier, family of, Eichelieu and, iv
123; 154; Mazarin and, 593, 596. See
aUo Chavigny
Claude Le, Sieur de Fouilletourte,
member of Council, rv 593 ; driven from
Council by le$ IrnportantSf 596
Leop Le. See Chavigny
Boutmy, Emile, and French educational
reform, xii 114
Bouvet, Francois- Joseph, Baron, French
admiral, vni 474 sq.
Bouvines, captured by the French (1554),
II 89; restored to Li4ge (1559), 94
Bover, Peter Turner, naval lieutenant, vni
478
Boves, Tom^s, x 289 sq.; 293
Bovey Tracey, Parliamentary victory at,
IV 334
Bo villus, Carolus, French phEosopher, i
415
Bowdioh, Thomas, mission of, to Xumassi,
XII 807
Bower, Hamilton, in Tibet, xii 803^
Bowes, Sir Eohert, ii 446; invasion of
Teviotdale by (1542), 455
Bowling Green (Kentucky), Buckner at
(1861), VII 462 sq,, 493 sq.; evacuated,
559
Bowring, Sir John, x 755; Governor of
Hongkong, xi 325; 815; 831; mission
of, to Siam, xn 535
Bowyer, Ludowic, punishment of, iv 279
Boxall, John, n 501
Boxer movement, The,‘ xn 517 sqq.; 575
Boyaca, victory ol BoMvar at (1819}, x
. 294 ^
Boycott, Captain Charles Cunningham, xis
38; 78
Boyen, Hermann von, Prussian Adjutant-
general, IX 332; XI 456
' L. H. 'L. von, ' Prussian Minister,
X 365 sq.; xi 49; 56
Boyle, Henry. See Shannon, Earl of
Eohert, physicist, v 715; 722; 728;
and modern chemistry, 780 sq. ; 732
Eoger, Earl of Orreiy. See Orrery
Boyne, battle of the (1690), v 58, 261, 314
Boyneburg, John Christian von, policy of,
■, IV 431 ■ ■ " ■ ■ '
Boyve, French socialist, xn 124
Bozius, Franciscus (of Gubbio), m 744;
■ 757
Brabant, acquired by Philip of Burgundy
(1430) , I 419 ; devastated by Van Bossem,
II 76; influence of William of Orange
in, III 248; Maurice of Nassau’s army
threatens, 519; Parma conquers, 618;
North, raided (1590), 626; freed from
Spaniards, 629; Spanish influence in,
630 ; V 153 ; Marlborough in, 416 ; 426 ;
VI 248; and the Barrier Treaty, 640;
frontiers of, 645 sq. ; Estates of, 650
sqq,; discontent in (1787-8), vni 317
sq,, 320, 327 sq.; rebels in, 329; agri-
culture in, X 731, 750; xi 670; anti-
French feeling in, 673
Anthony, Duke of, i 418, 421
— John II, Duke of, i 419
Philip, Duke of, i 419
Bracamonte, Gasparo de, at Munster, iv
401
Bracciano, Castle of, iii 428-9
Bracton, Henry, m 748
Braddock, Edward, Commander-in-chief in
North America, vi 833; 413; vrx 123 sqq,
Bradford, and the yarn trade, x 736
John, Protestant martyr, ii 161,
521, 538 sqq.
William, Governor of New Ply-
mouth, VII 12, 14
Bradlaugh, Charles, and the parliamentary
oath, xn 37 sq.
Bradleigh, Sir Thomas, iir 284
Bradley, Humphry, engineer, i 526
James, astronomer royal, v 721
Bradock Down, Boyalist victory ^of, iv
308
Bradshaw, John, at trial of Charles I, iv
355; elected President ol the Council,
434
Bradstreet, John, American major-general,
VII 135
Simon, Commissioner of the New
England Confederation, vn 23
Braemar, Earl of Mar in, vi 98
Bragadin, Venetian envoy to Spain, vi 137
Braganza, captured by the Spaniards, vi
369; base of Wellington’s operations, ix
476
260
General Index.
Braganza, House of, the colonies and, iv
714; IX 315; 423
Duke of. See John IV, King of
Portugal
Bragg, Braxton, Confederate general, vn
506 sqq.; evacuates Chattanooga, 609;
611; defeated at Chattanooga, 613
Bragge-Bathurst, Charles, pamphlet of, xx
682
Brahe, Ebba, and Gnstavus Adolphus, iv
178
Magnus, Count, xi 685
Per, Swedish statesman, Oxenstiema
• and, iv 569 ; defends the Swedish penin-
sula, 684 ; 690 ; v 564 sq. ; 668
Tycho, III 697 ; claim of, to distinc-
tion, IV 562; V 709; 713
Brailo£i, Bussian capture of (1770), ti
673, (1809), IX 485
Braithwaite, General, defeated by Tipu,
VI 577
Bramah, Joseph, and the planing-machine,
X 734
Bramahof, French troops in, vi 235
Bramante, Donato Lazzari (of TJrbino),
n 6, 12 sqq. ; ni 439, 44.4
Bramhall, John, Archbishop of Armagh,
IV 520 ; V 321
Brand, Henry B. W. See Hampden, Vis-
count
Brandan, St, Irish missionary, i 19, 60
Brandaris, destroyed by the English (1666),
V 187
Brandeis, Ban^r’s success near, r? 379;
Prussian force at, vi 257 sq.
German trader in Samoa, vii 662
Brandenburg (for later history of Branden-
hurg-Prussia see also Prussia), virtual
defection of, from Protestant Union,
IV 12; 83; 85; 92; 95; representatives
of, at Brunswick, 96; inroads into, 100
sq.; 103; Pomeranian succession secured
to, 104; Gustavus Adolphus and, 191 sqq.;
compensation suggested for, 218; 219;
invaded by Wallenstein, 237; secures
Cleves, Mark, and Eavensburg, 409;
jealous of Sweden, 416; Thirty Years’
War in, 418; agricultural conditions in,
419; native industries in, 421; disputes
between Sweden and, 426 ; and Charles X,
427; and Great Poland, 428; Sweden
and» 429; Mazarin supported by, 430;
allied with Austria, 431; and Peace of
Oliva, 433 ; Estates of, 254; Oxenstiema
and, 255; vi 34; taxation in, 221; cloth
manufacture in, 224 sq,; 269; 277; 279;
288; and Poland, 664 sq., 667, vin 522;
levy on, ix 307; Prussian National As-
sembly at, XI 193; 198; growth and
development of, to 1640, Vol. v, Chap,
sx; under Electors Frederick William
and Frederick HI (1640-1713), Chap* xxi;
25; and France, 33, 38; and United
Provinces, 37, 157, 161, 164, 166; 89 sq.;
and Sweden, 45; 65; 414; 568 ; 586
Brandenburg, the Mark, vi265sq.; Eussian
army in, 277, 282, 287 sqq., 291 sq.; 295,
716; the Kiirmark of, v 618, vi 716, 718;
the Middle Mark of, v 618; the New
Mark of, 618, 621, 624, 632, 634; Bussian
army in, vi 279 sq., 287, 296; the North-
ern Mark of, v 617 sq., 620 ; the Old
Mark of, 618 sq., 621, 625, ix 666; the
Vormark (Priegnitz) of, v 618; the Uker-
mark of, 618, 620; Swedish army in, vi
280, 296
Brandenburg, House of, ix 592
Electors of : —
Albert Achilles, i 81 ; 297 ; 69X ; v
624 sq.
Frederick I, i 297 ; v 622 sq.
Frederick II, i 297 ; v 620 ; 623 sq. ;
634
Frederick HI. See Frederick I, King
of Prussia
Frederick William (the Great Elec-
tor”), succeeds, iv 384; Ferdinand III and,
393 ; futile mediation of, in the Thirty
Years’ War, 396; 401; 404; Swedish
<< satisfaction ” and, 407; 412; **Julich
War” and, 426; Charles X and, 427 sq,;
allied with Austria and Poland, 429;
negotiates with France, 430 ; 431; Rhein-
bund and, 432; Charles X and, 580 sq.;
John Casimir of Poland and, 683 ; Treaty
of Wehlau and, 585 sq.; invades Jutland,
588; Treaty of Oliva and, 433, 690; and
the persecution of French Protestants, v
22, 25; and Louis XIV, 41 sq., 47; and
United Provinces, 37, 42; and Emperor
Leopold I, 43 ; at Colmar, 44 ; at Fehr-
bellin, i5.; treaty of, with Sweden, 45;
and William of Orange, 52, 107, 244; and
the Dutch war with England, 109 ; joins
Quadruple Alliance, ib. ; and the Swedish-
Dutch War, 146; 344; and Emperor
Leopold, 353, 359, 671; 354; and Sweden,
563, 568 sqq.; 617; youth and accession
of, 639 sq.; foreign policy of, 640 sq.;
marriage of, 641 ; administrative reforms
by, 642; and the army, 642 sq.; and the
Empire, 643 ; and the duchy of Prussia,
643 sq. ; and the Bhenish duchies, 645 ;
. encourages immigration and industries,
645 sq.; colonial and naval policy of, 646
sq., 691; religious toleration by, 647 sqq.;
and the Bishop of Munster, 649; and
England, 649 sq., 653; and France,
649 sq.; and the war with Sweden,
651 sq.; and the treaties of Nymegen
and St Germain, 652; and the Emperor
Leopold, 652 sqq*; alliance of, with
France, 653 ; with the United Provinces,
654; and the expedition of William of
Orange, 655; second marriage of, ih;
death of, 54, 655; successive wills of,
656; character of, ib*; significance of this
rule, 657; 660 sq.; 743; vi 4; postal
system of, 205 ; 206 ; 208 ; 213 ; and the
nohUity, 217; 221; 227; 664
General Index. 261
Brandenburg, Electors of, confd.
-- — George William, ni 722; it 17; 25;
68 ; 88 ; mission to Copenhagen from, 89 ;
concludes treaty with Christian IV, 90;
92 ; 97 ; allies himself with Bethlen Gabor,
91, 100; declares for Emperor, 100 sq.;
104; and the Edict of Eestitution, 111,
114, 117 ; 184; ruler of East Prussia, 185;
policy of, 186; compensated in West
Prussia, 187; policy of, 194; Gustavus
and, 197 sq. ; delivers Spandau to Gus-
tavus, 200; at Berlin, ih.; 202; 204;
John George and, 211 ; Oxenstierna and,
224; 225; Hellbronn Alliance and, 226;
peace negotiations with, 236; 235; Arnim
and, 236; Wallenstein and, 237; 244;
Peace of Prague and, 254 sq. ; desire of,
for settlement, 366 sq. ; lays claim to
Pomerania, 373; concludes treaty with
Poland (1638), 378; death of, 384; v G37
sq.; 640 sqq.
Joachim I, i 316; at the Diet of
Niirnherg, n 170; 195, 198; attitude of,
to Lutheranism, 201, 215, 220; death of,
237; V 624 sqq.
Joachim II, becomes Lutheran, n
237; 238 sq., 241 sq., 251; persuades
Philip of Hesse to surrender, 261; the
Intmwand, 264; nil52sq.; 168; 176;
V 624; 626 sq.; 636
Joachim Frederick, administrator
of Magdeburg, m 153, 706, 710, 714
sqq.; 722 sqq.; iv 22; t 627 sq.;
636
John Cicero, y 624
John George, iii 704 sqq.; 711 sq.;
T 624; 627; 636
John Sigismund, Duke of Prussia,
claim of, to Jiilieh-Cleves, in 642, 687
sq., 716, 729; and the Protestant Union,
725; and Maurice of Nassau, 733; adopts
CalTinism,723, it 3, 10; and the Imperial
succession, 17; and the Elector Pala-
tine, 25, 27 sqq., 33; v 627 sq.; 636 sq.;
Sigismund. Bee Sigismund, Em-
peror
Brandenburg, Albert the Bear, MargraTe
of, T 618 sq.; 624
Albert II, MargraTe of, t 620
Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, 1st
Duke of Prussia. See Prussia
Albrecht (Albert) of, Archbishop
Elector of Mainz, See Mainz
Anna, Electress of, consort of John
Sigismund, in 716
Charles Emil, Electoral Prince of,
V 651
Christian William of, Administrator
of Magdeburg and Bishop of Halberstadt,
IT 91; 94; supports Gustavus Adolphus,
195 ; captured at Magdeburg, 202 ; Peace
of Prague and, 253
Dorothea (of Hoistem-Giuc:^burg),
Eleokegte of, T 655 sq. ; 658
Brandenburg, Elizabeth of Denmark, Elec-
tress of, II 202
Elizabeth Charlotte, Electress of.
Princess Palatine, consort of George
.. William, ra. 722, it 17;, 25 .
. ■ MargraTe ■ Ernest of, in 730
Count Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian -
■ Prime Minister," xi 193, 218; and .the'
Hesse -Gassei question, 229; death of,
230
MargraTe George of. See Branden-
hurg-Ansbach
Margrave John George of, Prince of
Jagemdorf, under the ban (1620), it 68;
71; 75; t 653
Louisa Dorothea Sophia, daughter
of Elector Frederick HI, Princess of, t
661
Louisa Henrietta (of Orange), Elee-
tress of, consort of Frederick William I,
V 622 n., 641; 655 sq.; 688
Matthias Ton Jagow, Bishop of, ii
237
Otto n, Margrave of, t 620
Waldemar, the False, claiming to he
Margrave of, v 621
Waldemar the Great, Margrave of,
V 620; 631
See aUo Charles IV, Emperor; John
of Luxemburg; Moravia, Jodocus of
Brandenburg-Ansbach, House of, Protes-
tant, in 704, 724 sq,
Albert, Margrave of. See Prussia
George, Margrave of (Prince of
Jagerndorf, the Pzoiw), i 337; and the
Peasants’ Eising, ji 191; the Protest
signed by, 205; and Schmalkaldic League,
215 ; condemned by Kammergerichtt 221 ;
and Jagerndorf, v 625 sq. ; 635
George Frederick, Margrave of, m
714; 716; death of (1603), 722; v
636
Joachim Ernest, Margrave of, m
725 ; 732; 735; it 1; advises Frederick V
to accept Bohemian throne, 29; 67;
agrees to abandon Frederick, 69; in
touch with him, 80
Brandenburg-Ansbach and Baireuth, Sophia
(of Poland), Margravine of, v 635
Brandenburg - Baireuth (and Culmbach),
Margrave Casimir of, i 312 ; adopts
Lutheranism, n 169, 195 ; &e Peasants’
Bising and, 188, 190
■ Charles Ernest, Margrave of, v 418
Christian, Margrave of (earlier M. of
Culmbach), m 725
John (the Alchemist), Margrave of,
T 623
Margravine Wilhelmma of, vi 19;
210; 253
Brandenburg-Ciistriia, John or Hans, Mar-
grave of, and the Schmalkaldic League,
n 238; won over by Charles V, 251, 253;
opposition to the Interim by, 264, 270;
refuses to join Henry H, 271; v 626
262
General Index.
Brandenburg-Culmbach (Baireutb), Albert
Aloibiades, Margrave of, allied with
Charles ¥, n 87, 252 sq,, 273 sq.; 259;
allied with Francis I, 270 sq., 273; wins
battle at Pommersfeiden, 275; defeated
by Maurice of Saxony, i6. ; in 151
Margrave Oasimir of, i 312
Christian, Margrave of {afterwards
M. of Baireuth), m 725
Brandenburg-Schwedt, Margrave Charles of,
VI 280 ; 288
Brandes, Ceorg, Banish critic, xi 700 ; xn 292
Brandis, Christian August, German scholar,
xn 822
Brandolini, Eaffaelle, lecturer at Eome,
n 17
Brandon, Charles. Bee Sufiolk, Duke of
Duke of. See Hamilton, 4th Duke of
Brandt, Carsten, German shipmaster, in
Bussia, V 520
Enevoid, Count, Christian YII and,
VI 745 sq.; 749 ; execution of, 750; 751
Brandywine, battle on the (1777), vn 213
Brankovic, George, despot of Servia, i 69
Brant, Sebastian, The Ship of FooU^ 1 637
sq., 676, 683, ii 280
Brantdme, Pierre de Bourdeilles, Abbd de,
in 65
Brasobi, Giovanni Angelo. Bee Pius VI
Braschi-Onesti, Eomuald, Cardinal, x 133
Brask, John. Bee Linkoeping, Bishops of
Braun, Alexander Karl Hermann, Saxon
statesman, xi 149
Braunau (Upper Austria), vi 236 ; fall of,
238; Kutusofif at, ix 255; occupied by
French troops, 269; French evacuation
of, 309
(Bohemia), Protestant action in, iv
14 sq,, 19 ; Abbot of, banished, 21
Bravo, Luis Gonzalez. Bee Gonzalez
Murillo, Juan, Spanish statesman,
XI 557 sqq.; resignation of, 559; 563
Braxfield, Bobert Macqueen, Lord, Scottish
judge, vm 770
Bray, John Francis, economic theories of,
X 782
Sir Eeginald, Minister of Henry VII,
I 477
Braye, fight at (1814), ix 547
Brazil, discovery of, by Pinzon, i 34 ; race
inhabiting, 38, 59 ; Durand’s colony in,
48 sq.; mines of, ni 499; Butch trade
with, 633 ; expedition of West India Com-
pany to (1623), IV 703 ; Spanish fleet on
coast of, 705; extension of Butch dominion
in, 708; revolt of Portuguese in (1645),
709; Portugal, United Provinces and,
714 ; Admiral Witte de With and, 726 ;
Butch West India Company in, 750 sqq.;
lost by the Butch (1654), 753 sqq.; 759;
Portugal and, v 107, 146; Butch abandon
claim to, 148, 676 sq. ; slave labour in,
676 sq.; 677 ; discovery of gold in, 678 sq.;
in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen-
turies, Vol. VI, Chapter xn (3) ; progress
of, 184; 187; independence of , 189 ; 351;
384 ; Jesuits expelled from, 387 ; French
ships ofl, IX 234; withdrawal of Portu-
guese fleet to, 236; Prince Begent of
Portugal sails for, 304; 321; 363; and
the Congress of Vienna, 584; incorpora-
tion of, with Portugal, 669; and Portugal,
Vol. X, Chap. X passim ; 212 ; contraband
trade in, 257 ; trade and industries in,
586, 761; Bepublic established in, xii
270 ; 672 ; afiairs in (1840-95), 674 sqq. ;
and Uruguay, 680 ; 681 ; and Argentina,
682; 690 sq.; 693; boundary disputes of,
655, 722 ; arbitration treaties by, 727
Brazil Company (Portuguese), v 675
Bon John of. See John, Bon, of
Brazil, Prince Begent of Portugal
Brazos Is., captured (1863), vn 552
Brazza, Count Pietro Savorgnan de, African
explorer, xn 130 ; 256 ; 658 ; 812
Br^a, Jean-Baptiste-Fid^le, French general,
XI 113
Breadalbane, John Campbell, 1st Earl of,
VI 98
John Campbell, 3rd Earl of, vi 435
Br4ard, Jean- Jacques, member of the ComiU
de Balut Public^ vm 269, 375
Brearly, Bavid, New Jersey deputy at the
Constitutional Convention, vn 246, 262
Brechin, Jacobite rising at, vi 98
Breckinridge, John Cabell, Confederate
general, vn 439 sq., 445; at Chatta-
nooga, 513 ; Secretary of War, 542
Breda, conference at (1575), iii 241, pa-
triotism at, 248 ; siege of, 578 ; capture
of (1590), 626; captured by Spinola
(1624), 656, (1625), iv 88, 258, 642, 691;
Frederick Henry captures, 698, 699 ; 755 ;
Charles II of Englandjat, v 148 ; Beciara-
tion of, 92 ; 94 ; 99 ; allied forces at, vi
246; Belgian exiles at, vm 328; captured
by the French (1793), 419, (1794), 436;
taken by Napoleon (1810), ix 370
Treaty of (1667), iv 740, v 37, 112 sq.,
151, 154, 187, 189, 199, 329, vn 111
Brederode, Francis van, defeated at Brou-
wershaven (1490), i 449
Henry, Lord of, in 194, 201 sqq.
Lancelot, in 236
Walraven, Lord of, ni 640
Brederoo, Gerbrand Adrianszoon, works of,
IV718; 721
Bredow, General von, at Vionville, xi 591
Bredy, Major-General, shot at Vienna, xi
186
Breedevoort, siege of (1597), ni 629
Bregaglia, preachers m, iv 46; Catholic
commune of, 47 ; subdued by Feria, 55; 61
Bregenz, conference of sovereigns at, xi
229
Breisach, Bernard of Weimar’s siege and
capture of, iv 148, 376 sq.; protected
by Gotz, 375; Gu4briant at, 381, 382;
Treaty of, 383; 888; French claim to,
246, 379—80, 382, 405; ceded to France,
General Index,
263
406,416; 602; seized by Harcourt, 618 ;
V 45; 48; ceded to France, 6S; 408;
Charles of Lorraine at, vi 238
Breisgan, The, French troops in, vi 241 ;
ceded to Modena, viii 592, ix 94
Breismami, John, Beformer, ii 161
Ereitenfeid, battle of (1631), iv 205 sqq.,
209 sq., 214, 222 ; Horn and, 227; second
battle of (1642), 386
Breitinger, Johann Jakob, ti 625 ; x 384
Bremen, joins Bchmalkaldio Leagne, ii
215 ; resists Charles Y, 262 ; and
Hanseatic League, iv 8; port of, de-
manded by Gustavas Adolphus, 191;
Danish claims on see of, 387 ; taken by
Konigsmark, 390; given to Prince Fre-
derick of Denmark, 365; archbishopric
of, claimed by Sweden at Osnabriick,
403; ceded to Sweden, 404, 408; trade
of, 419 sq. ; duchy of, in the Hildesheim
alliance, 425 ; quarrel of, with Oldenburg,
427; England and, 429; Sweden signs
Rheinbuiui for, 432; Charles X and, 578;
580; reconquered by Bilde, 584; Carte-
sian philosophy at, 791; purchased by
George I, v 650; Sweden and, 562 sq.,
^3; 569; 579; seized by Danes (1712),
582, 607, 610 sq.; 613; bishopric oi, 615;
652 ; VI 21 ; annexed to Hanover, 23 sq.;
28 ; Charles XII and, 34 ; 36 ; 39 ; and
Sweden, 104; Prussian troops occupy,
IX 48 ; withdraw from, 60 ; embarkation
of British force at, 263 ; transferred to
Prussia, 264 ; government of, 409 ; Van-
damme in, 515 ; Jews of, 688 ; free city
of, X 341 ; and the Customs* Union, 373 ;
XI 54 ; revolutionary movement at, 151 ;
and the German customs, xn 156
Bremen, Archbishops of: —
— Christopher of Brunswick, ii 231
George of Brunswick, iix 157
Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg (1666-85),
m 157
John Frederick of Hoistein-Gottoip,
IV 89 ; 98
Bremgarten, vi 616
Brenkenhof, Franz Balthasar Schonberg
von, VI 733
Brenner Pass, Bavarian detachment at,
V 407
Brennier, French Commandant of Almeida,
IX 466
Brent, Sir Nathaniel, Vicar-General of
lifeud, IV 279
William, United States Minister in
Buenos Ayres, xn 680 sq.
Brentano, Clemens, German Eomanticist,
X 401 sq.; 404 sqq.; xn 818; 822
Ludwig, Baden revolutionary, xi
221
Brentford, sacked by Bupert, iv 308 sq.
Brenz, John (Johann Brentzen), Beformer,
n 160, 207, 234; driven into exile, 265,
714 ; his principles of freedom, m
755
Brereton, , ' Sir William, victoiy of, at
■ 'Nantwich, iv 312; Fairfax and, 321;
Parliamentary General in the West,
329 ; .surrender of Chester to, 335
Bresca, Genoese family of, iii 443
BrescI, assassinates King Humbert, xn 223
Brescia, lost by Venice (1509), i 133 ; re-
covered and lost again (1512), 136 sq.;
V 402 ; Prince Eugene at, 414 ; Wurmser
captures (1796 ), ■ viii 574, ' evacuates, 575 ;
revolt at (1797), 584 sq, ; xi 85 ; the
defence of, 95 ; Garibaldian prisoners at,
533
Breslau, influence of Wittenberg on, ii 161;
Frederick’s manifesto issued from, iv 67 ;
religious liberty of, 413 ; Prussia and, vi
229 sq,; 235; 264; 273; Prussian defeat
at, 274 sq. ; surrender of, 276; 294; 721;
Treaty of, 231, 317, 319; siege of (1806),
IX 281; University established at, 327;
328; Frederick William at, 512, 513;
French troops at, 520; Allies* troops
near, 523; University of, x 355; tumult
at, 364; disturbance at (1848), xi 157;
193; 219; supports Bismarck, 451
Martin Gerstmann, Bishop of (1574-
85), ra 93
Bresse, given up by France (1558), n 94;
ceded to France, in 419 ; French in-
vasion of, 677; customs of, v 13
Philippe de. See Savoy, Duke of
Bresson, Count Charles, French ambassa-
dor at Madrid, xi 17 ; 554
Brest, relief of (1594), m 319; Spaniards
driven from, 321, 521; development of,
V 14; 62; 187; English attack on (1694),
261 sq., 460; expedition sails from, vi
110; 112; 159; Eoquefeuil’s fleet at, 239;
349; naval disorders in, vm 193, 447 sq.;
451; French fleet at, 458, 466, 470 sqq.,
480; Napoleon’s projected invasion of
England and, ix 210 sqq. ; French ships
at, 219; Ganteaume blockaded at, 223;
blockaded by Cornwallis, 226; Ganteaume
sails from, 228; 237; British blockade
dispersed, 238; blockade renewed, 240;
French troops at, 252
(in Bussia), Schwarzenberg retreats
to, IX 499
Brestel, Budolf, Austrian Minister of
Finance, xii 185
Breteuil, Baron de Louis- Auguste le Tonne-
lier, French ambassador at St Petersburg,
VI 327 ; Minister of the Household, vm
103, 114; Chief Minister, 163; dismissed,
165
Brethren of the Common Life, i 434 sq.,
461, 627 sq.
Bretons, revolt of the, nc 564
Brett, police-sergeant, murdered, xn 65
Brewer, David Josiah, and the Venezuelan
Boundary Commission, xn 721
John Sherren, historian, xn 841
Br5z5, Olaire-Olemence d© MaiHd. See
OmM
264
General Index.
Henri-Evrard, Margtiis de Dreux et
de, Grand Master of the Ceremonies to
Louis XVI, vm 155, 157
Jean-Armand de Mailld, Duke of,
Admiral of France, iv 599; commands
French expedition to Italy, 600; death
of, sg., 609 *
Urbain deMaill4, Marquis of, Marshal
of France, iv 149 ; and Heidelberg, 248 ;
sent by Louis XIII to Barcelona, 649 ; at
Maestricht, 697
Briand, Aristide, French Minister of Educa-
tion, XU 113 ; 122 sq. ; 127 sq.
Bricherasio, capture of (1594), m 417
Brigonnet (Brissonet), Guillaume, Cardinal
of St Malo, 1 109, 112, 177, 184, 409
Guillaume de (son of above). See
Meaux, Bishop of
Pierre, financial minister of Louis XI,
1 409
Bridge, William, Independent, iv 359
Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, Lord Keeper of
the Privy Seal, v 201; 207; 334
Bridges, Colonel John, surprises Dublin
Castle, IV 547
Bridge'water, taken by Fairfax, iv 331 sq.
Bridport, Alexander Hood, Viscount, ad-
miral, vin 471 sq. ; and the French
invasion (1796), 473, 475 sq.; and the
Spithead mutiny, 476 sqq.
Brieg, principality of, v 652 ; 659 ; duchy
of, VI 229 ; 230 sq.
Brienne, battle of (1814), ix 545
Bri^re de Pliie, Louis-A.-E.-G,, French
general, in Senegal, xn 129
Briey, Austrian commander, ix 60
Briggs, Henry, mathematician, v 709
Bright, John, x 680 ; xi 309 ; 328 sq.; 339 ;
and Ireland, 343 sq. ; xn 23 ; resigns,
40 ; 43 ; 437 ; and social reform, 745
Brignole, Marquis de, Genoese plenipo-
tentiary at Vienna, ix 599
Brihuega, Allies defeated at (1710), v 428
BrDl, captured by the Gueux de.Mer (1572),
m 229-31, 233, 284; marriage of William
of Orange at, 241 ; held by Elizabeth,
619, 670-1
Brinkley, Eichard, English Hebraist, t 592
Brinon, President of Eouen, French agent in
London, n 423 sq.
Brion, Philippe de, Minister of Francis I,
n 97
Brisbane, convicts at, xi 790 ; 794 sq. ; 798;
industries of, xn 623
Brisegna. See Manrique, Isabella
Brisighello, Imperialist colonel, in the
Valtelline, iv 61
Brissac, Franqois de, French general in
Italy (1551), n 86
Charles I de Cossd, Comte de,
Marshal of France (Marshal Brissac,
d. 1563), m 6
Charles H de Cossd, Duke of.
Marshal of France (son of Marshal
Brissac), ni 662
Brisson, Bamab6, civil lawyer, i 577; m
50, 68
Henri, French politician, xn 109 ;
121
Pierre de, captive in Africa, xn 806 ;
808
Brissonius. See Brisson, Bamab4
Brissot de Warville, Jean-Pierre, vm
218 sq* ; foreign policy of, 220, 228 ; 240 ;
arrested, 242 ; 249 ; at the King’s trial,
258 ; trial and execution of, 357 ; 747 sq.
Brissotins, The, vm 213 sq., 220 sq. ; Minis-
try of, summoned, 223 sq.; 227 sq., 234,
237 sq. ; arrest of, 242, 244, 248. See
also Girondins
Bristol, exploring voyages from, i 20;
Colombo at, 21 ; maritime importance
of, 33 ; at the opening of the First Civil
War, IV 302 ; Bupert at, 324 ; Prince of
Wales at, 328; stormed by Parliamen-
tarians, 332 sqq. ; Irish troops at, 527 ;
Whitefield at, vi 83 ; Bef orm disturbances
at (1831), X 613 ; xn 654 ; University of,
763
Augustus John Hervey, 3rd Earl of,
VI 451
Frederick Augustus Hervey, 4th
Earl of, Bishop of Derry, vi 501 sq.;
IX 693
George Digby, 2nd Earl of {1st cr.) ;
created Baron Digby, iv 291 ; Eoot-and-
Branch petition and, 292; flight of, to
Holland, 300; Bupert and, 319; Charles I
and, 332 sqq,; 338; leads English Catho-
lics, V 100 sq. ; 105 ; 210
George William Hervey, 2nd Earl of
(2nd cr.), at Madrid, vi 368, 419, 426;
431; 438; Lord Privy Seal, 439; 442
John Digby, 1st Earl of, in 560;
Buckingham and, iv 264; Charles I and,
265; at Vienna, 77; 78; at Madrid, 82;
instructions to, from James I, 625;
Buckingham’s Spanish mission and, 641
Bristow, Benjamin H., American Secretary
of the Treasury, vn 644
Britanny, relations of, with France, i 392,
396; and the Peace of Le Verger (1488),
394; allied with England, 466; Duchy
of, Philip’s plan concerning, iii 510, 512,
524; Spanish base in, 521 sqq.; the
League in, 661; English troops with-
drawn from, 666; 672; Spanish expedi-
tion to, 673; Henry IV’s expedition to
(1598), 674 sq.; Venddme Governor of,
IV 119; taxation of, 153; claims of the
Venddme family to, 596; results of the
Fronde in, 621; Estates of, v 4, vm 39
sq., 128 sq.; disturbances in, v 9 sq.,
VI 130; 356; 452; and the Provincial
Assemblies, vm 112; disafiection in
(1794), 379, 391, (1829), x 97
Anne, Duchess of. See Anne, Queen
of France
Francis 11, Duke of, leagued against
France, i 392-4; death of, 394, 449
General Indeos.
265
Britaimy, Jean IVj Bttke of, i S92
Louis, Duke of, death of, v 434
British Central Africa, province of, xn 3 ;
601
Columbia, xi 771 ,* united to Canada,
776 ; xn 604 sq. ; progress in, 608 ;
internal aSairs of, 616; 650; 814
East Africa, xii 47; G60 sqq. ; 813
East Africa Company, xii 661
Museum, foundation of, vi 74
North Borneo Company, xn 669
South Africa Company, xii 49;
founded, 639; 664
Brixen, Austria receives the bishopric of,
■'IX ■94' ■ ■ ■
Brochero, Spanish admiral, m 532
Brock, Sir Isaac, major-general, vii 337 sq.
Peter, Bussian Minister of Finance,
XI 266; 614
Broekes, Barthold Hemrieh, x 385
Broderith, Hungarian Chancellor, i 96
Brodrick, Alan. See Midleton, Viscount
William St J. F. See Midleton,
Viscount
Broeck, Pieter van den, visit of, to Japan,
IV 712
BrSmsebro, Peace of, signed by Christian
IV (1645), IV 390, 572, 574; Mazarin
and, 601
Brofferio, Angelo, x 126; xi 545
Broghill, Eoger Boyle, Lord. See Orrery
Broglie, Achilie-Leonce-Yictor-Charles, Duo
de, X 52 ; 63 ; 64 ; and the electoral law,
67, 60 sq. ; and the liberty of the press,
68 ; and the Society des Amis de la Prcssc,
61 ; declines office, ih. ; 64 ; 65 ; 67 ;
goes into Opposition, 68; 81; opposes
compensation for the emigres, 86; op-
poses the **law of sacrilege,^' 87; and
the Bevolution of 1830, 478 ; 480 ;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 489 ; foreign
policy of, 494 sq. ; fall of, 495 sq. ; and
Algiers, 602; 603 ; 508; and Louis-
Napoleon, xi 134
Albertine-Ida-Custavine de Stael,
Duohesse de, x 52; 53
Charies-Franqois, Count of, French
ambassador in Saxony, vi 338
Franqois-Marie, Duke of, Marshal of
France, vi 233 sqq.
Jacques-Victor-Albert, Duo de, xn
106 sqq. ; defeated, 110; 111; 114; 116;
historical works of, 834
Victor-FranQois, Duke of, Marshal of
France, vi269; vin 61, 159, 163; Secretary
for War, 163 ; emigrates, 166
Victor Maurice, Count of, and the
Camisards, v 26
Maurice de. See Ghent, Bishop of
Broke, Sir Philip Bowes Vere, captain of
the Shannon, vn 342
Broken Hill, silver discovered at, xii 619 ;
628 sq.
Bromberg, Treaty of (Nov, 6, 1657), xv 429.;
TchitehagoS at, ix 512
Bromley, Sir Thomas, Chief Justice, n
475
Bronitsi,: Enssians defeated at, iv 181
Bronhhorsts, faction in Gelders, i 423
Bronte, Charlotte, xi 359 sq.
Emily Jane, xi 354
Bronzell, skirmish at, xi 230
Brook Farm, socialist experiment at, vii
739
Bobert Grevilie, 2nd Baron, grants
of land in New England to, vri 18, 21
Brooke, Sir James, Bajah of Sarawak, xn
535; 669
■ John E., American general, vu 680
Brooks, James, Bishop of Gloucester, n
531, 541
Preston Smith, assaults Sumner,
vn 430
BroscM, Carlo. See Farinelli
Brosolo, Alliance concluded at (1610), ni
690
Brotherhood, the Evangelical (of the
Peasants’ Eising), demands of, ii 180;
Franconian nobles join the, 188
Brottier, Andre-Charles, conspiracy of, vnr
503 sqq., 610, 512
Brouage, siege of, in 32
Brouck^re, Henri Marie Joseph Ghislam
de, Belgian statesman, xi 672
Brouet, Pascal, m 586
Brougham, Henry Peter, Baron Brougham
and Vaux, vn 371 ; and the Whig party,
IX 687; and elementary education, 692;
influence of, x 574; and the income tax,
675; 680; opposes the King’s divorce bill,
583; 586; and Canning, 591; 698; 601;
and parliamentary reform, 603; 604;
and the Bef orm Bills, 610 sq., 614 sq. ;
and the Irish Catholic Association, 642;
supports the anti-slavery movement, 658,
677; and the Poor Law, 660, 662; 663
sq.; Scottish political tour of , 666; 666;
Melbourne and, 668; 673; and Thomas
Drummond, 677; 679
Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Baron,
X 680; 582; and Bentham, 598; and the
Keform Bills, 610 sqq., 614
Bronkfere, Charles de, Belgian deputy, x
480; 5^
Brousse, Emile, French socialist, xii 124
sqq.
Broussel, Pierre, French magistrate, arrest
of, IV 607; charge of murder against,
612; made Provost of Merchants, 617
Brouwer, Hendrik, Governor-General of the
Dutch Indies, iv 711
Brown, Benjamin Gratz, Governor of
Missouri, vxi 640
Charles Broekden, Wieland, vii 741
George, Canadian politician, xi 769
sq,; 774
John, raid of, at Harper’s Ferry,
VII 439
— ^ Joseph Emerson, Governor of
^ Georgia, vn 622, 606, 609
266
General Index.
Browne, Count Georg von, Bussian general,
VI 285
George, ArcBbisliop of Dublin, in
687
Horace, Colonel, at Bbamo, xii
500 sq.
John, Massachusetts settler, vii 16
— Count Maximilian Uljsses von,
Austrian Field-Marshal, vi 254 sqq.;
death of, 259; 285; 362
Bichard, Major-General, the nick-
name of “The Bump” and, it 649
Bobert, iii 340, 343, 756
Samuel, Massachusetts settler, vn
16
Sir Samuel, in Afghanistan, xii
470
Sir Thomas, v 332
Sir Thomas Gore, Governor of New
Zealand, xi 799
William George, in Africa, xn 805 \
811; 813
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, xi 352 sqq.
Eobert, xi 350; 352 sq.; and George
Meredith, 361 ; 364 sq. ; xn 13
Brownists, separatism and, ixi 340; char-
acter of, in politics, v 326
Brownrigg, Sir Bobert, general, in Ceylon,
IX 734
Bruce, Andrew, Bishop of Dunkeld, y 290
Clarence Dalrymple, traveller, xii
803
Sir Frederick W. A., British envoy
to China, xi 817 sq.
James, traveller, xn 805 sq,
Brucioli, Antonio, n 379 ; printer at 'Venice,
383
Brack, Jellaeid at, xi 187
Baron Karl Dudwig von, Austrian
Minister of Commerce, xi 190; 216; 223;
394 sq.; Minister of Finance, 402; 403;
XII 176
Brue, Andr4, African traveller, xir 806
Briihl, Count Heinrich von, Saxon states-
man, VI 198 sqq. ; 346
Briinn, besieged by Torstensson, iv 389 sq. ;
siege of (1742), vi 233; Bussian troops
at (1798), vm 647; Napoleon at, ix268;
advance of Allies on (1805), 259; the
Austrian Eeichstag removed to, xi 187;
Mendel’s researches at, xn 766
Bruern, Bichard, professor of Hebrew at
Oxford, n 541
Brueys d’Aigalliers, Franqois-Paul, French
admiral, vm 598, 604, 622 sqq.; killed,
628
Bruges, importanceand decline of, r425sqq.,
452; revolt in (1488), 448 sq. ; Maxi-
milian I in, 448; England and, 450,
454; Treaty at, between Charles V and
Henry vm (1521), n 43, 418; taken by
Parma, ni 618, 630 ; escape of Archduke
Albert to, 636; surrenders to Marlborough
(1706), V 416; the French at, 420; 421
sq.
Bruges, Henri- Alphonse, Vicomte de, pro-
posed as Grand Chancellor of the Legion
of Honour, ix 571
Brugghen, Jiistinius Jacob Leonard van
der, Dutch statesman, xi 666
Brugmann, Johannes, Dutch preacher, i43o
Brugsch, Heinrich, Egyptologist, xn 846
Bruin, Lionardo, Florentine historian, i
541-2
Bruins. See Bran
Bruix, Eustache, French admiral, vm 615,
630 sq., 657, 680; ix 53
Brulart, Nicholas. See Siilery
de Leon, French envoy, at Batisbon,
IV 115
Brumairef the coup d*etat of, and its signifi-
cance for the French Kevolution, Vol. viii,
Chap, xxn, 665-88
Brun, St, v 629
Antoine, Spanish plenipotentiary at
Miinster, iv 401, 715
Budolf, of Zurich, n 312
Brune, Guillaume-Marie-Anne, Marshal of
France, vm 639 sq., 662, 674; ix 13;
14, 21, 68, 89, 96, 112; signs armistice
with Sweden, 295; Bfigen ceded to, 300;
command of, 624; assassinated, x 46
Brunei, Sultan of, xn 669
Brunet, Colonel, in Paris, xi 100
Bruneti^re, Ferdinand, xn 119 sq,
Brunetti, Angelo (Giceruacchio), Boman
tribune, xi 74; 76 sq.
Brunfeis, Otto, reformer, ii 161
Bruni, Leonardo, History of Florence, m
471
Brunn, Heinrich, historian, xn 845
Brunnen League, of Swiss Cantons (1315),
n 305
Brunner, Heinrich, historian, xn 850
Philip Joseph, ix 201
Brunnow, Baron Ernst Philipp von, Bus-
sian envoy in London, x 558; 564; xc
632
Bruno, Archbishop of Cologne, i 636
Giordano, the philosophy of, n 707
sq., 709 sq.; m 455, 466; death of, iv
668
Brunswick, attack on, by Sohmalkaldic
League (1542), n 243; siege of, ni 644;
IV 8 ; meeting of Lower Saxon Circle at,
85, 92 sq.; negotiations at, 96; and
Christian I"?, 97; subjugation of, 100;
convents restored in duchy of, 112 ; Con-
fess of (1714), V 610, VI 39; comprised
in kingdom of Westphalia, ix 336, 411 ;
Jews in, 412; army of, 622; and the
Germanic Confederation, x 344; and the
Customs’ ‘Dnion, 373, xi 53, 394; re-
volution in (1830), X 374; and Prussia,
XI 228
House of, and Formula Concordiae,
III 704; IX 582
Charles, Duke of, deposed, x 874
Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of,
invades HoUand (1787), vm 107, 287 sq.,
General Index.
267
S2S; manifesto of, 234, 273, 409; com-
mands the Allies (1792), 407 sqo[., 414 sq..,
419, 423; at Kaiserslautern, 424 sq. ;
IX 255; 264; Prussian envoy to Eussia,
266; commander-in-chief, 273 sq.; at
Jena and Auerstadt, 27-5 sqq.; death of,
■278 ,
Brunswick-Bevem, Frederick Francis, Duke
of, Prussian general, vi 260 ; 264; 273
sq.
Erunswick-Oalenberg, Elizabeth of Bran-
denburg, Bowager-Buchess of, reforms
Brunswick-Calenberg, n 238; 251
Eric I, Duke of, re 220, 232, 235
Eric n, Duke of, n 251, 253, 261
Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Philip, Duke of,
II 195; 216
Brunswick-Liineburg, v 581 ; and Mecklen-
burg-Giistrow, 663
House of, and Gustavus Adolphus, iv
194; and the Treaty of Westphalia, 408;
Mheinhund signed by, 431; and France,
V 655; and Prussia, 662; vi 2 sq.; poli-
tical record of, 4 sq.
Dukes of, v 37; 43; join Quadruple
Alliance, 109; 161; 569; 571
Brunswick-Liineburg, Dukes of: —
Christian (d. 1633), iv 79 sq. ; 91
Christian Lewis, v 655; vi 2
Ernest, ii 169, 195; the Protest
of Speier signed by, 205; 221
Francis, n 195 ; signs the Protest of
Speier, 205 ; 215 sq.
George, commander of Lower Saxon
Circle troops, iv 86; Gustavus and,
207 ; 220 sq.; Swedish army and, 225;
227; and Bernard of Weimar, 247; Peace
of Prague and, 255, 365; Saxony and,
366; neutrality of, 378; opposes the
Emperor, 383; death of, 385; 408; vi 2
Otto of Harhurg, ii 195, 215 sq.,
270
Brunswick -Liineburg (Celle), Frederick,
Duke of, VI 2
(Celle), George, Duke of, rv 194
(Celle), George William, Duke of, and
the Grand Alliance, v 65, 244, 403; vi
2sqq. ; 7 sq.; death of, 10; 12
(Hanover), Ernest Augustus, Duke of,
and Elector of Hanover. See Hanover
(Hanover), John Frederick, Duke of,
V 651; 744; vi 3 sq.
(Celle), Duchess (Eleonora of 01-
breuse), consort of George William,
VI 3
Frederick Augustus, Prince of, v 662
Maximilian William, Prince of, v
662; VI 3
Brunswick- Oels, Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke
of, IX 335; in Westphalia, 337; enters
Brunswick (July 30, 1809), 357; death
of, 629
Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel, House of, m. 156
— — Princess Anna Leopoldovna of, VI
309; 311; 315
Brunswick- Wolf enbtttel, Prince Antony
: HMc of, in Eussia, vi 309 •
Duke Christian of, Bishop of Halber-
stadt, IV 79 sq. ; at Hochst, 80 sq. ; joins
Mansfeld, 85; at Stadtiohn, 86; 88; re-
signs see of Halberstadt, 91 ; 92 ; brings
reinforcements to Nienburg, 95 ; in Hesse-
Cassel, 96; 97
Dowager-Duchess Elizabeth of, con-
sort of Henry Julius, iv 93
Prince Ferdinand {afterwards Duke
Charles William Ferdinand) of, vi 265
sq.; 268; 272 sq. ; 277 ; and the Army of
Observation, 408; 426; 429
Prince Francis of, vi 290
Princess Sophia Charlotte of, v 538
Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel, Dukes of : —
Antony Ulric, and the Grand Alliance,
V 55, 403; 744
Charles I, vi 266
Frederick Ulric, iv 8 ; 79 ; 86 ; 91 sqq.;
submission of, 98
Henry IV, Italian campaign of, ii 58 ;
suppression of Peasants* Eevoit by, 187,
189; 195, 220, 231, 235 sq. ; attack on,
by Sohmalkaidic League, 243, 251; re-
covers duchy, 259; defeats Albert Alci-
biades, 275; m 157
Henry Julius, iii 153; 156; 715;
725 sqq. ; adherent of Budoif II, rv 79
Eudolf Augustas, v 55; 403
Bras, Anton, Archbishop of Prague. See
Prague
Bruslart, Louis Gu4rin de, French general,
IX 2
Brussels, growth of, i 419; Maximilian I
at, 449 ; Treaty of (1498), 454 ; abdication
of Charles V at (1555), n 90, 537, in 182 ;
meeting of States General at (1556), 185 ;
Alva enters, 214; execution of Counts
Egmont and Hoorn at, 219, 220; out-
lawry of William of Orange proclaimed
at, 221; States General at (1569), 226,
(1576), 245-6; Don John’s entry into
(1577), 247-8, 499; triumphal entry of
William of Orange into, 248; Archduke
Matthias’ entry into, ib. ; abdication of
Charles Y of Spanish crowns at (1556),
477; revolt of Italian regiments ha,
519; taken by Parma, 618; entry of
Albert and Isabel into (1699), 634 ; Dohna
at, rv 24; Charles II in, 546; Greenville
at, 555; siege of Hertogenbosch and,
691, 692; the Cardinal Infante sent to,
698; the Duke of York at, v 225; 420;
422; siege of, vi 246; 651 sq. ; Congress
of, 655; 656; riot in (1787), viii 319;
820; rebellion in (1789), 329; federal
constitution for a Eepublic drawn up at
(1790), ib,; Austrian troops in, 336;
Dumouriez occupies (1792), 299, 417, 420;
evacuated by the French (1793), 421;
Wellington in, ix 622, 626; provisional
Government at (1814), x 620; King
William enters (1815), 524; industriai
268
General Index.
exMbition at, 533; the revolution in
(1830), 534' sqq. ; the National Coxigress
at, 538 ; Leopold I in, 540 ; xi 92 ; 491 ;
General Prim at, 568 ; conference at (1863),
672 ; peace conference at, xn 91 ; socialism
at, 262 ; Geographical Congress at, 265 ;
International Monetary Conference at,
484 ; 825
Bruyniuck, secretary of William of Orange,
HI 252
Bry, Jean de, French envoy, vni 642, 655 sq.
Bryan, William Jennings, nominated for
the Presidency, vn 673
Bryant, William Cullen, vn 742
Bryce, James, Holy Moma/n Brn/pire, xn
841
Brydges, Sir John, Governor of the Tower,
II 520
Br^'don, William, army surgeon, escapes
from Cabul, xi 738
Brynkelow, Henry, ii 490
Brzesc, Union of (1595), rv 189
Buat, Henri de Fieury de Coulan, Sieur de,
execution of, v 152
Bubna, Major-general, Bohemian politician,
at Niimteg, xv 218; 233; Wallenstein
and, 234
Bubna-Littiz, Count Ferdinand von, Aus-
trian Field-Marshal, ix 359; x 118
Buccleuch, Walter Francis Scott, 5th Duke
of, XI 10
Bucer, Martin, Eefonner, friend of Sickingen,
n 155; in Strassburg, 160; 161; at
Marburg, 207; 211; Tetrapolitana creed
drawn up by, 212, 214, 335; Zwingli and,
216; at the Conference of Wittenberg,
234, 339; 239; draws up a scheme of
comprehension at Batisbon, 240 ; 244;
Schmalkaldic League and, 252, 258;
exiled, 265; and the French Beformers,
283, 285 sq. ; the Waidenses and, 289;
328; 403; in England, 477, 502 sq„ 508
Buchanan, Franklin, Confederate naval
officer, vn 554, 556
George, Scottish Latinist, i 582 ; and
the Portuguese Index, ii 414, 555 ; m 69 ;
X>e jure regni apud ScotoSi 760J
James, vn 419; President of the
United States, 432 sqq., 438, 446 sqq.;
XI 563; XH 686
Boberfe, poet, xi 352 sq.; 357^
William J., United States Minister
in Buenos Ayres, xn 679
Bucharest, negotiations at, vi 634 ; Austrian
... army captures (1789), vin 326; reduced
by Eussia (1806), ix 388 ; Treaty of (1812),
389, 485, 487, x 169, 175, 185; xi 283;
Eussxan Governor at, 643; International
Commission at, 643 sqq. ; revolutionary
committee at, xn 383; 414; Treaty of
(1886), 407 ,
Buchez, Philippe- Joseph-Benjamin, x 485 ;
XI 108
Buchholtz, Colonel, expedition of, to I#ake
Yamuisli, v 544
Buohholz, Prussian envoy to Poland, vin
524, 537 sqq.
Buchner, Eduard, German man of science,
xn 780
Bucholtz, Franz B. von, historian, xii 829
Buckingham, Edward Stafford, Duke of,
executed, n 417
George Nugent - Temple - Grenville,
Marquis of (Earl Temple) , Lord-Lieutenant
of Ireland, vi 462 sq., 474, 501, 505;
467 ; IX 693
George Villiers, 1st Duke of (2nd cr.),
nr 560 sq.; 566 ; Lord High Admiral, 667 ;
and financial struggle, 568 sqq. ; and the
Spanish marriage, 575 sq. ; foreign policy
of, 576 sqq. ; rv 88; at the Hague, 95 sq. ;
131; at the height of power, 257; in
Paris, 258; foreign policy and, 261 sq.;
Parliament and, 263 sq.; impeachment
of, 265; expedition of, to B4, 132, 266
sq. ; assassination of, 133 ; 641 ; Governor
of English Company for South America,
755
George Villiers, 2nd Duke of, v 95 ;
126 ; and the French alliance, 191 ; 198 ;
200 sq.; and the Treaty of Dover, 203
sqq. ; 207 sqq. ; 216 ; sent to the Tower,
218
and Chandos, Eichard P. T. N* B. C.
Grenville, 2nd Duke of, x 614 ; xi 2 sq.
Buckinghamshire, John Hobart, 2nd Earl
of, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, vi 495 sqq.
Buckinghamshire and Normanby, John
ShejBSeld, Duke of, vi 11
Buckle, Henry Thomas, xn 850
Buckner, SimonBolivar, Confederate general,
vn 462, 495
Bucquoy, Charles-Eonaventure de Longue-
vai, Count de, Austrian general, at Linz,
rv 11; takes command of Ferdinand's
troops, 23 ; invades Bohemia, 25 ; routs
Mansfeld at Zabiat, 27; summoned to
defend Austrian duchies, 31 ; 64 sqq. ;
in Hungary, 71 sq, ; death of, 75 ; 77
Buczacz, Treaty of (1672), v 353
Buda. See Budapest
Budaeus (Guillaume Bud4), French Hel-
lenist, I 576; n 16, 287, 351; ni 737
Budapest, Diet at (1454), i 69 ; captured by
Solyman (1541), n 242; Turkish Pasha
in, nr 118 sqq. ; sale of prisoners at, 123 ;
taken by Imperialists (1686), v 52, 366;
339; 345; Turkish army at, 346; 363;
bridge at, x 744 ; the revolutionary move-
ment at, XI 165 sq. ; 208 ; Austrian
occupation of, 210 sq.; 421 sq.
Budberg, Baron {Bussian Minister), ix 272 ;
291; Bussian Chancellor, 305
Bud4, Guillaume. See Budaeus
Budenz, J6zsef, Hungarian scholar, xi
431
Budin, Austrian magazine at, vi 257
Budowee, Wenceslas von, in 727
Budweis, held for the Emperor, xv 21;
Austrians at, vi 234; 241
General Masoo. 269
Buell, Don Carloa, American general, vn
463, 498, 495 sq.; at Shiloii, 497; 499
sqq. ; proceeds to E. Tennessee, 506 sq*;
superseded by Eosecrans, 507; 583
Billow, Prince Bernhard von, Chancellor of
the German Empire, xn 166; 171; 173
Friedrich Wilhelm, Count von Den-
newitz, marches on Magdeburg, ix 514;
retires before Ney, 518; at Berlin, 520;
character of, 525; at Dennewitz, 529;
at Leipzig, 539; in the Netherlands,
544; 550; at Li4ge, 625; at Waterloo,
634 sqq.
Baron Heinrich Wilhelm von, German
critic, IX 266
General von, vi 13
Buen Ayre, the Dutch in, v 687
Buena Vista, battle of (1847), vii 396
Buenos Ayres, growth of, vi 183 ; 186 ; 391 ;
443 ; failure of expedition of Popham to,
IX 235, 753 ; government of, x 248 sq. ;
trade of, 255, 275; 268; viceroyalty of,
274; the revolution in (1810), 278, 282,
285 sq. ; 280 ; captured by Beresford (1806),
281; and San Martin, 291 sq.; 298;
government of (1812), 300 sq. ; negotia-
tions of, with Spain, 306; and Great
Britain, 307, 309 ; and the United States,
308; XII 679; the dictator Bosas in, 680;
blockade of, 681; 683; 694
Blinzli, Gregory, at Basel, n 307
Biiren, Ernst Johann. Bee Biren
Burger, Gottfried August, vi 830; poetry
of, 832, vni 773, x387; 396; 710; 716;
XI 412 sqq.; 423 sq.
Biirgi, Jobst, mathematician, v 709
BuSalo, attacked by the British (1814), vn
343; Anti-Slavery Convention at (1848),
399; railway from New York to, 694
Buffet, Louis-Joseph, French statesman,
XI 133; 491 sq.; President of the
Assembly, xn 107; 110; 115
Buford, Abraham, American colonel, vn
224
Bug river, Turkey and, vi 305; 307
Bugeaud de la Piconnerie, Thomas-Bobert,
Duo dTsly, Marshal of France, x 496;
503 sq.; xi 99 sq.
Biigenhagen, Jakob, Beformer and historian,
II 160, 162, 201, 231, 243, 250; and the
Beformation In Denmark, 611, 616
Bugey, ceded to France, ni 419, 677
Bugge, Eiseus Sophus, Norwegian philo-
loger, XI 701 ; xn 281
Bukowina, The, ceded to Austria (1775), vi
634; 648
Bulak Museum, Cairo, xn 431
Bulavin, Kondraty, leader of Cossack revolt,
V 597
Bulawayo, captured by British, xn 639
Bulfontein, discovery of diamonds at, xi
787
Bulg^koff, Busslan Liberal, xn 833
Bulgaria, Tsar Nicholas I and, xi 3X2;
struggle for freedom in, 634; the Church
0 , M. a.
in, 638sq. ;: xn3; 6; 10; massacres in,
32; 33; and Bumelia, 43, 341, 406; 162;
304 sq. ; and Bussia, 342; independence
of, 378, 427 sq. ; 381 ; under Turkish rule,
383 ; massacreS', in,.. 384 ; 387 ; and the
Busso- Turkish War, 388 sq.; and Treaty
of San ■ Stefano, 391 sqq. ; and Treaty
■ of Berlin, '395 sqq. ; Bussian administra-
tion of, 403 sq. ; under Prince Alexander,
404 sqq. ; at war with Servia, 407 ; abdi-
cation of Prince Alexander, 408 sq. ; 415 ;
421 ; and Macedonia, 424 sqq.
Bulgenbach. Bee Muller, Hans
Bull Bun, battle of (1861), vii 466 sqq., 469,
(1862), 480
BuUarium Bomanum^ Cherubini*s, in 445
Buller, Charles, and Eadical party, x 676 ;
Secretary to Governor- General of Canada,
XI 765 sq.
Sir Bedvers Henry, General, in South
Africa, xn 642 sq.
Bulimger, Henry, Beformer, ii 234, 309 ;
continues Zwingli’s work, 339 sq. ; at
Basel, 355, 596 sq.; importance of, in
England, 597 ; Decades, ih., 716
Bullock, Henry, pupil of Erasmus, i 580
J. D., Confederate foreign agent, vn
611
Bulwer, William Henry Lytton Earle (Sir
Henry Bulwer, afterwards Lord Bailing
and Bulwer), ambassador at Washington,
VII 434; at Madrid, xi 17; 554 sqq.;
dismissed from Madrid, 557
Buiwer-Lytton. See Lytton
Bulygin, Bussian Minister, xn 350 sq.
Bumm, English traveller at, xn 800
Bundela Bajputs, vi 517
Bundelkhand, disorder in, ix 731
Bmdsehuht in the Black Forest districts,
etc., I 299; ii 175
Bunge, Nicholas de, Bussian Minister of
Finance, xn 317 sqq.; retires, 320
Bungo, disturbances in, xi 864
Bunker Hill, battle of (1775), vi 447, vn
167 sq., 170
Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias, Baron von,
X 360 ; 381 sq. ; xi 163 ; 166 sq. ;
Frederick William IV and, 191; 197;
and the Schleswig-Holstein question, 227 ;
249; 254; xn 820
Bobert Wilhelm, chemist, xn 783
Bunyan, Jolm, v 136; 207; 335
Bunzelwitz, Frederick the Great at, vi 297
Bunziau, Bussian army at, ix 516; battle at
(1813), 525
Buol, Grisons leader, sent to Innsbruck, iv
62
Buol-Sohauenstein, Count Johann Eudolf
von, president of the Federal Diet, x 344
sqq.; 348; 367; succeeded by Miiuch-
Beilingbausen, 370
Count Earl Ferdinand von, Austrian
statesman, xi 232; 322; and Oavour, 372,
374; succeeds Sehwarzenberg, 395 ; 402;
resi^ation of, 403
17
270
General Index.
Buonadcorsi, Biagro, Blorentine historian,
X 200
Buonagrazia, Girolamo di Bartolommeo,
Lutheran, n 881
Buonarotti, Michel, President of the Club
of the Pantheon, vm 504 sq.. ; x 485 ;
491
Michelangelo, i 143, 147, 382, 548,
569 ; statue of Pope Julius II of, 245, 249;
the Sistine chapel and, n 8, 13 sq.; 28,
34; reforming sympathies of, 395; iii
394, 439, 442, 457-9, 466
Buonavita, Pietro, Italian Beformer, ii 383
Buoncompagni, Cardinal. See Gregory XIII,
Pope
Giacomo, crown of Ireland accepted
by, ni 597
Prince Ludovisi, rights of, in Elba,
IX 661
B orchard, Bishop of Oberberg. See Ober-
berg
Burcbgrave, Daniel de, in 620
Burckhardt, Jakob, writings of, xi 261 ; xii
849
John, African traveller, xii 806
Burdett, Sir Pranois, attack of, on Pitt, ix
681 ; a leader of Opposition, 687 sqq. ; x
574; 699 sq. ; and the dissolution of
Parliament (1831), 611; 613; and Catholic
Emancipation, 642
Buren, Maximilian d’Egmont, Count of
(general of Charles Y), ii 45, 47, 78, 256,
422, 459; m 190
Philip William, Count of, kidnapped
and conveyed to Spain (1568), in 218,
221
Burgau, Charles, Margrave of, husband of
Sibylla of Jiilich-Cieves, m 729
Burgdorf, school of Pestalozzi at, ix
■427
Burgers, Thomas Francois, President of
the Transvaal, xi 788
Burgess, Anthony, Presbyterian leader, iv
359
Mark, and the Portuguese Index,
n 414
Burgevine, joins the “Taiping” rebels,
XI 821
Burgh, or Borough (of Gainsborough),
Thomas, 5th Lord, Lord Deputy of
Ireland (1597), in 606
Walter Hussey, and the distress in
Ireland, vi 495; 497
William, radical writer, vni 755
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, i 522 sq.;
n492, 495, 504 sq., 607, 517; becomes
Elizabeth’s secretary, 559; 565, 668;
Maitland and, 573 ; negotiates Treaty of
Edinburgh, 677, 680 ; ni 265 ; policy of,
towards Mary Queen of Scots, 277 ; posi-
tion of, 280; and France, 283; character
and system of, 330 sqq., 491 ; vi 45
Burghstead, John, regicide, v 149
Burgo, Nicholas del, nuncio to, Henry YIII,
II435
Burgos, the Franco-Spanish marriages at,
IV 629 sq.; depopulation of, v 376; ad-
vance of Dupont to, IX 430 ; 436 ; army of
Estremadura at, 442 ; British at, 474-5 ;
Wellington at, 477
■ — — Filipino leader, xir 529
Burgoyne, John, General, in Portugal, vi
369 ; 426 ; vii 211, 214 sqq. ; surrender of
(1777), 216, 232
Burgsdorf, Conrad von, Brandenburg
statesman, v 642
Burgundian Circle, inclusion of the Nether-
lands in (1548), I 459, n 102
Burgundio, Johannes, of Pisa, 12th century
Greek scholar, i 588
Burgundy, duchy of, annexed to France
(1482), I 392; n 62; renounced by
Francis I, 51 ; the Netherlands and, 102 ;
and Spain, iii 508; created a separate
State, 630 ; the League in, 661 sqq. ; re-
covery of, 666-7, 669 ; Biron Governor of,
679-80; taxation of, iv 153; Intendants
retained in, 606 ; Cond6 Governor of, 608 ;
612 ; Tavannes in, 613 ; , Cond6 exchanges
Guiennefor, 614; 615; Epernon Governor
of, 618; and the Treaty of the Pyrenees,
620; Estates of, v 4, 13; vxii 39
Anthony, son of Philip the Bold of.
See Brabant, Duke of
Charles the Bold, Duke of, siege of
Neuss by, i 295, 390; death of, 295, 391,
410, 417; League of Public Weal and,
389; Louis XI and, 390, 422 ; schemes of,
390 ; the Swiss and, 390 sq. ; Li^ge and,
422; 424, 430, 432; n 36; and Li4ge,
V 488
John (** sans peur ”), Duke of, 1 422;
n 36
Louis, Duke of. See Louis, Duke of
Burgundy
Philip the Bold, Duke of, i 389,
418
Philip the Good, Duke of, i 77;
increase of territory by, 389, 418-42;
and Ghent and Ypres, 426-7; and the
Church, 430 ; centralised government of,
431; military reforms of, 432; art and
literature under, 432-3; ii 36
Philip the Fair, Duke of. See
Philip I, Xing of Castile
Margaret of, married to William YI
of Hainault, i 418
Margaret of, and Austria, daughter
of Maximilian I. See Savoy
Margaret of Maele, heiress of Artois
and Flanders, Dnohess of, i 418
Margaret of York, Duchess of, i 442-
3; 460; 465; 467 sqq., 474
Mary, Duchess of, Louis XI and, i
437 sq., 440 sq. ; the Groote Pnmleuie
granted by, 438 sq.; Ghent and, 441,
443; marries Maximilian I, 295, 391,
442; death of, 392, 444
Marla Adelaide of 3a,voj, Duchess
of, V SO sq.
General Indew.
211 .
Burke, Edmund, and tbe Act of Settle-
ment, V 275; 702; 705; vi 435; policy
of, 442; 444; and America, 447; 455 sq, ;
Paymaster of the Forces, 457 ; 458; 460;
resigns, 462 ; 464 fttjq. ; 47 6 sgq. ; 681 ;
^ and the trial of Warren ' Hastings, 471,
582 sq., 584, 585; and Indian affairs,
567; 576; 813; 816 sq.; 821; writings
of, 836 sq.; vii 66, 105 sq., 108, and
colonial policy, 147, 149 sq., 159, 162 sq.,
172 sq., 724; Tin 18, 134; keJiectionB on
the Revolution in France^ 755 sqq.; Let-
ters on a Regicide Peace., 762; 774; and
the Whig party, IX 673; and Warren
Hastings, 715; 716; xii 817 ; 819
Eichard, and the Penal Code, ix 694;
695
Bobert O’Hara, Australian explorer,
XI 798
Thomas Henry, murdered, xn 81
Tibbot, the Mac William, ni 606-7
Burkersdorf, Frederick the Great at, vi299;
ffght at, XI 463
Burkes, The, hold Cathedral of Tuam, in
693; of Gastleconneil, 697; of Upper
Mayo, 604
Burkhardt, George, of Spelt, ii 111, 132,
193
Burlamacchi, Francesco, n 81; Gonfalonier
of Lucca, III 385
Fr4 Pacifico, biographer of Savona-
rola, I 168
Burlamaqui, J. J., Genevese publicist, ix
427
Burlet, J. de, Belgian statesman, xii 263
Burlingame, Anson, American Minister in
China, xi 822
Burma, xi 724; first war with, 727 sq,;
734; second war with, 742; 802; Great
Britain and, xn 4; 464; conquest of,
479 ; 601; 508; and Siam, 535; 793
>— Upper, annexation of, xn 43, 497;
famine in, 486
Burnaby, Frederick Gustavus, visits Khiva,
XII 801
Burnes, Sir Alexander, captain, and Dost
Mohammad, xi 732 ; 733 ; Asiatic travels
of, XII 800
Bumet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, v 136 ;
and Queen Mary, 167; 213; 235; 255;
258; 271; and Latitudinarianism, 762;
VI 6; 802 ; 816
William, Governor of Massachusetts,
VII 65
Burney, Captain, in Siam, xn 536
Burnouf, Engine, Orientalist, xii 845
Burns, Eobert, poet, vi 824; 829 sq. ;
832 sq. ; vm 771 ; x 701 sq.
Burnside, Ambrose Everett, commands the
Army of the Potomac, vn 483 ; defeated
at Fredericksburg, 484; KnoxvlUe,
508, 510 sq., 513 ; 573 sq.
Burntisland, bombarded by the Dutch
(1667), V 188; captured by Jacobites, n
99; 102
Burr, .Aaron, American politician, vii 324
sq., 372
Colonel, defeats the Peshwa of Poona,
,xi,726
Burrard, Sir Harry, sent to Spain, iz 440;
441
Burroughs, Jeremiah, Independent leader,
r? 359
Bursckenschaft, x 363 sqq. ; 375
Burton, Henry, punishment of, rv 280
Sir Eichard Francis, xn 809
Lieutenant-Colonel, at Quebec, vix
139
Governor of Delaware, vn 453
Bury, John Bagnell, historian, xn 845
Busaco, Wellington at, ix 460; battle of
(1810), 463
Busbecq, Augier-Ghislain, ni 123 ; Im-
perial ambassador at Constantinople, vi
507
Busby, James, Eesident at Bay of Islands,
XI 793
Busch, John, Beformer, i 631, 639
Busche, Hermann von dem, of Deventer,
I 435
Bushe, and the Irish rebellion, ix 701 ; and
the Union, 703
Bushell, Captain, at Glasgow, vi 106 sq.
Busher, Leonard, and religious toleration,
V 326
Bushire, British force at, xi 745
Busleyden, Francis van, Provost of Li4ge,
I 454
Busolt, Georg, historian, xii 845
Bussa, explorers at, xii 807 sq.
Bussi, Corboli, Monsignor, xi 74
Bussy, Franqois de, French envoy in Lon-
don, VI 343; 345
Bussy-Castelnau, Charles-Joseph Patissier,
Marquis de, vi533; in the Deccan, 540
sq. ; 643 ; 545 sqq. ; 552 ; and the Nawdb
of Bengal, 553; in Cuddalore, 577
Bute, parliamentary election in, x 606
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of, vi 298;
346; and Spain, 368, 370; 407; and
George III, 417 ; 419 sq. ; ministry of,
422 sqq.; 426 sqq.; resigns, 429; 430;
434; 437
Butera, Prince of. See Colonna, Fadrique
Butkoff, Yladimir, Bussian official, xi 615
Butler, Benjamin Franklin, American
general, vii 464, 516, 557; and con-
traband, 581, 583, 600
— — Charles, secretary of the committee
for Catholic relief, x 625; 632
Sir Edmund, m 595
Sir Edward, in 595
James, Duke of Ormond. See Or-
mond
Joseph, Bishop of Durham, vi 77
sqq.; 88
— — Pierce, deputy from S. Carolina at
the Constitutional Convention (1787), vn
246, 286
~ Sir Piers. See Ossorj, Earl of
272
General Indea;.
Butler, SaiBuel, satirist, v 126; 138; 136
Simon, chairman of tlie United
Irishmen, x 628
Thomas, Earl of Ossory. See Ossory
Colonel Walter, at Eger, iv 242
William Orlando, American general
and politician, vn 399
Butlers, The, of Munster, feuds of, m
580 aq.
Butrinto, captured by Ali of Janina, s
176
Butt, Isaac, and Irish Home Buie, xii
72 sqq.
Buttmann, Philipp Karl, is 327
Buttstadt, army at, vi 267; 268
Buturlin, Alexander, Bussian field-marshal,
VI 297; 326 sq.
Buwinkhausen, ambassador of the Protes-
tant Union, and the United Provinces,
IV 38
Buxar, battle of, vi 561
Buxhdwden, Count Frederick William von,
Bussian general, ix 251 ; Kutusofi effects
junction with, 257; advances on Teli-
nitz, 260; 261; Bussian army under,
283
Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, x 658 sq.
Buy, Pierre de Mornay, Seigneur de, in 28
Buys, Paul, Dutch advocate, iii 233, 619-
21, 624
Willem, Dutch diplomatist, v 422;
427 sq.; 429
Buzot, FranQois-N.-L., Girondin, vni 174,
249, 251, 257, 260; suicide of, 357
Byelinsky, Vissarion, Bussian writer, xii
296
Byelostdk, xn 340; pogrom at, 367
Bylandt, Dutch merchant, Frederick Henry
and, IV 699
Count van Willem Frederik, mili-
tary Governor of Brabant, x 534
Bylling, Edward, granted land on the
Delaware, vii 47
Byng, Sir George, Admiral. See Torring-
ton, Viscount
John, Admiral, loses Minorca, vi
403 sq., 342a (in Vol. xiii)
Byrd, William, American lawyer, vii 60
Byrne, Miles, and Emmet's rebellion, ix
706
Byron, George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron, vi
825; 830; 832; x 100; 126; supports the
Greek revolt, 182; infiuence of, in Ger-
many, 405; influence of, in Bussia, 432;
580; and Southey, 709; the poetry of,
710 sqq.; and Shelley, 713 sq.; 715; 722;
influence of, upon continental literature,
725 sq.; xi 350; 354; infiuence of, on
Pushkin, 648
Sir John, 1st Baron, replaces Luns-
ford, rv 297; refuses to surrender the
Tower, 299; retreats to Worcester, 306;
joined by Irish troops, 318; defeated at
Nantwich, 321, 527
John, Vice-Admiral, n 451 sq*
Bytown. See Ottawa
Byzantium, and the Greek Church, v 483
sq.; 515
Cabal Ministry, formed, v 198 ; 201 ; dis-
solved, 210, 214
Caballero de Eodas, Spanish general, xi
669
Cabanis, Pierre- Jeaa-Georges, ix 21; 24,
132
Cabarrus, Count Francis of, Spanish
statespian, VI 382 sq.; vm 782
Cabet, Etienne, x 491; French politician ,
XI 24 ; 105; and socialism, xn 758
Oabezas de San Juan, revolt at (1820),
X 216
Cabinda, slavery abolished at, xi 575
Cabot, John, Labrador and, x 20, 50; the
three sons of, and their explorations, 33,
36; discoveries of, vn 2
Sebastian, discoveries of, vn 2 ; and
the Muscovy Company, v 518
Cabral, Costa. See Thomar, Count of
Pedro Alvarez, Portuguese com-
mander in India, i 29 ; discovers Brazil,
35 ; IX 304
Cabrera, Bamdn, Carlist leader, x 237 sqq. ;
xn258
Cabrinetti, Josd, Spanish general, xn 260
Cacault, Franqois, sent to Borne, ix 183 ;
recalled, 191
Oadalso, Josd de, Spanish poet, v 69
Cadan, Peace of (1534), n 221 sq.; 232
Cadaval, Nunho C. A. Pereira de Mello,
Duke of, defeated by Duke of Terceira,
X 334 sq.
Cade {Gotteshaus), Swiss league, xv 36
Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, Governor of
Louisiana, vii 88, 93, 99
Cadiz, Drake burns shipping in harbour of
(1587), in 304, 504 ; English expedition
to (1596), 322-5, 521, 522, 529; French
naval victories near, iv 147 ; English ex-
pedition to (1625), 262, 267, 477 sq., 481,
483 sq., 642 ; commerce of Lisbon and,
650 ; English fleet at (1695), v 61, 262 ;
379; 411 sq.; vi 60; expedition from
(1719), 105; 155; prosperity of, 166;
236 ; 351 ; American trade with, vn 327 ;
Cortes of, 366 ; army collected at (1819),
367 ; Admiral Man at, vm 460 ; British
blockade of (1797), 464 sq., 630 ; Bear-
Admiral Linois ordered to, ix 53 ; Admiral
Saumarez o:ff, 54; blockade of (1804), 211,
215 ; Spanish treasure-ships captured off,
217-8; plague at, 218; Allied force at,
219; Villeneuve at, 223, 227 ; 225; Nelson
arrives oil, 229 ; plan of attack at, ib . ;
flight of French and Spanish ships to,
283 ; capture of French ships by Spanish
insurgents at, 238; Dupont ordered to
(1808), 341, 436; besieged by Soult (1810),
456, 457, 463; 464; siege of, raised, 473;
arrest of deputies in, x 208; and the
revolutionary movement, 213 sqq.; 220;
General Index.
2tS
the Cortes at, 228; blockade of (1823),
ib., 308; proclamation of, revoked, 229;
and the Indian trade, 256 ; the Central
Junta at, 282; and Spanish America,
292, 305 ; rising of garrison at, xi 560 ;
'riots. at, 570
Cadiz, Duke of. See Francisco de Asis
Cadogan, William Gadogan, 1st Earl, v421;
422; 458 sq.; vil6; 23; 27; recalled, 39
Cadorna, EaSaele, Italian general, xi 544
Cadoiidal, Ceorges, Chouan leader, vm 379;
IX 2, 14 sqq., 29 sqq.
Cadsand, taken by the French, vi 247;
attacked by British (1809), ix 358
Caen, taken by Coligny (1563), in 5 ; Parle-
ment at, 663 ; strike suppressed at, x 491
Oaesalpinus, Andreas, and the circulation
of the blood, v 725 sq* ; 734 sqq. ; 738
Caetani (Cajetani), Enrico, Cardinal, m
449, 453
Ciizis, occupation of, iv 51 sq.
Caffa, captured by the Turks (1475), i 83
Oaffarelli, Frangois-Marie-Auguste, French
general, supersedes Dorsenne, ix 472
du Falga, Louis-M.-J.-M., French
general, vm 606 ; 610; killed at Acre,
613
Caje, Italian review, x 124
Cagliari, victory of Venice i 258;
Charles V’s fleet in harbour of, m 111;
Spanish expedition to, vi 29; panic of
French troops at, viii 456
Cahera, Gallus, Bohemian Eeformer, i 340
Cahier de Gerville, B. C., Minister of the
Interior to Louis XVI, vm 222
Cahors, massacre of Protestants at, n 303 ;
seized by Navarre (1580), ni 33
Caianello, meeting of Victor Emmanuel
and Garibaldi at, xi 390
Caiazzo, Francesco de San Severino, Count
of, 1 116, 120, 124
Caillard, Antoine-Bernard, French envoy
at the Prussian Court, ix 36
Caillaud, John, Indian officer, defeats Shah
Aiam, VI 559
Cailli4, Bene, African traveller, xii 807
Cairneross, Alexander, Archbishop of Gias-
gow, V 290
Cairns, Hugh M^Caimont Cairns, 1st Earl,
Lord Chancellor, xn 27 ; 30
Cairo, Napoleon at (1798), vm 603 sq.,
605 sq., (1799), 614; surrenders (1801),
617, IX 72 ; 385 ; British troops prisoners
at, X 547 ; xn 430 ; British troops at,
437 sq. ; Lord Cromer at, 439 ; Gordon
in, 441 sq.; Cliflord Lloyd in, 444; 446;
448; Medical School at, 452; 454 sq.;
805 sq.
(Illinois), importance of, vn 459;
Grant at, 463, 494 ; 471
Cairoii brothers, death of, xi 542
Cause d^Escmnpte, founded by Turgot, vm
86, 694; 96; reorganised by Caionne,
97; Keeker and, 695
Caistor, rising at, n 446
Ca|et river, Portugal and, xir 660
Cajetan, Cardinal. See Vio, Thomas de
Jacopo, theologian, xr 718 ,
Calabria, ravaged by Barbarossa, ni 112 ;
peasant revolt in (1806), ix 267, 382, 404,
406; Eoglish troops in, 270,; insurrec-
tion in '{1830), ,x 120, 122 ; political per-
secution in, XI 379 ; 'earthquake In, xn
228; 236
• Francis, Duke of. , See Francis I,
Eing of the Two Sicilies
John, Duke of, 1 104, 107, 387, 396
Nicholas, Duke of, i 396
Calafat, bombarded, xn 388
Calagnani, Oelio, of Ferrara, n 384
Calais, English Staple at (1494), i 452;
secret Treaty of, between Charles V and
Henry VIII (1520), n 417; French cap-
ture of (1558), 93, 548, 560 sq., 566, in
184, 260, 478 ; English exiles at, xi 545 ;
Conference of (1521), 418; Elizabeth
claims, m 3, 6, 26, 263, 477 ; Armada
anchors off, 313, 477-8 ; capture of, by
Spain (1596), 523, 529, 628, 670; James IX
at, Y 262
Calas, Jean, French Protestant merchant,
vm 56
CalatafimI, battle of, xi 388; 533
Calatrava, Jos5 Maria, Spanish statesman,
X 234 ; the ministry of, 238 sq.
Calcutta, settlement at, v 699; vi 531 sq.;
534 sq.; 546; 551; siege of, 552; Olive
at, 555 ; 557 ; Courts of Appeal at, 568,
IX 711 ; Oornwallis at, 710 ; xi 730 ; Bur-
mese embassy at, 742 ; High Court of,
751; 816 ; XII 481; bubonic plague in,
487
Calder, Sir Bobert, admiral, engagement
of, off Finisterre, ix 225 sq,
Calderon, Felix del Bey Calleja, Conde
de, Spanish general, x 216; Viceroy of
Mexico, 304
Maria, mother of Don Juan (II) of
Austria, iv 649
Eodrigo. See Siete Iglesias
de la Barca, Pedro, Spanish dramatist,
IV 662, X 407
Caldiero, French defeat at,vm 579; Mass4na
attacks Austrian army at (1805), ix 258
Caledon, Du Prd (Alexander), 2nd Earl of,
Governor of the Cape of Good Hope
(1807-11), IX 753
Calenberg (Hanover), claim of Tilly's heirs
upon, IV 408; ravages of war in, 418; vi
2 sq., 8
Calendar, The French Bepublican (1793),
vm 358
Calhoun, John Caldwell, American states-
man, vn 373 sq., 376, 380 sq., 388;
Secretary of State, 393, 397 sq., 401,
403; and “nullification,” 409 sqq. ; 414;
death of, 418
Calicut, Da Gama at, i 25; commercial
importance of, 26, iv 743; Oabral and,
1 29
274
G-eneral Index,
Califoraia, vii 391 ; American conquest of,
395 sqq. ; slavery in, 399 ; discovery of
gold in, 400 sq., 416 sq., 433, 696;
organisation of, 402, 416; admitted to
the Union (1850), 421; Democrats in,
631; population of, 708; missions in, x
271; tlie United States and, xii 685
Calixtus III (Alfonso Borgia), Pope, i 69
sqq., 77, 652, 674, 688; n 29
Georg, Protestant theologian, reli-
gions reunion and, iv 424; v 648; 744
Callao, Potosi silver shipped to, s 255;
273 ; attacked by Cochrane, 292 ; royalists
in, 293, 296; bombarded, xi 567, sxi 678
Calleja, Felix del Bey. See Calderon
Oalliergi, Zaoharias, Cretan Hellenist, i 566
Caliistus, Andronicus, Greek professor at
Florence, i 543
Callot, Jacqnes, French etcher, xi 511
Calomarde, F, T., Spanish statesman.
Minister of Justice, x 232
Caionius, Finnish lawyer, x 434
Calonne, Charles-AIexandre de, French
Comptroller General, vm 60, 69, 72,
698 sqq.; administration of, 97-103;
dismiss^, 104; prosecution and flight
of, 106; Bequete an Boi, 108; accused
of high treason, 221; ix 362
Calvert, Leonard, settles in Maryland, vn
31 sqq.
See Baltimore, Barons
Caivi, captured by the British, vni 458
Francesco (Minicio), of Pavia, ii 380
Pier Fortunate, execution of, xi 377
Calvin, G4rard, father of John, ii 349 sq.,
352
John, influence of, in Germany, n
216; Nicolas Cop and, 285; Christianae
religionis institution 287 sq., 356 sqq.,
363, 376; 294-8; Confession of Faith,
295, 393; compared with Zwingli, 340,
718 ; Consensus Tigurinus of Bullinger
and, 340; the Eeformed Church and,
Chap. XI passim \ affinities of, with
Erasmus and Luther, 349 ; education of,
350-2 ; De dementia^ 352 sq. ; at Basel,
353; letter of, to Francis I, 356; at
Ferrara, 358, 385; and Geneva, 358,
363-74 ; Letter to Cardinal Sadoleto
and other writings, 363; Ordonnances
MccUsiastiqueSn 370 sqq. ; system of edu-
cation of, 372 sq. ; special services to
Protestantism of, 376; Italian refugees
and, 393; controversy of, with Serveto,
411; Queen Elizabeth and, 596; 690;
philosophical ideas of, 713, 715 sq. ;
Commentary on the Mass, m 74; 422,
743 sqq. ; publishes Institution Chritienne
in French, rv 778 ; vi 234 ; 274 ; 798 ;
803
Calvinism, in the Netherlands, ii 103 ; see
Chap. XI, Calvin and the Beformed
Church; and French Protestantism, 287
sqq., 293 sqq,, 373 sq. ; at Ferrara and
elsewhere, 385 sqq.; in Scotland, 558
sqq. ; and Knox, 573 sqq. ; in Sweden,
629 ; as a system of thought, 715 sqq. ; in
Poland, m 74 sqq. ; excluded from the
benefits of the Eeligious Peace of Augs-
burg (1555), 141 sqq. ; in Transylvania
and Hungary proper, 147 ; in the Austrian
lands generally, and in the Empire etc.,
under Ferdinand I and Maximilian II,
see Chap, v passim; at Ghent, 250 sq.;
in Europe generally, 260; in England,
growth of, under Elizabeth, 340; under
James I, 552 sq. ; Dutch, difierent schools
and parties arising in and from, 646 sqq.;
Bemonstrants and Contra-Bemonstrants,
647 sqq.; under Budolf II, 703 sqq.;
political theory of, 747, 753 sqq.; and
Lutheranism, in the Empire generally, iv
8 sqq.; 82, 110; recognised by the Treaty
of Westphalia, 410; in Sweden, under
Charles IX, 175 sq. ; in general, and
the Thirty Years’ War and Peace of
Westphalia, see Yol. xv passim; in later
Switzerland, xi 234
Calvo, Carlos, and the Monroe Doctrine,
xn 688
Cam, Diego, discovers the Congo, i 17
Camaldolese Congregation, reform of the,
II 647
Camara, Spanish admiral, vii 679
CamarSo, South American leader, v 674
CamariUaf of the absolutist reaction in
Spain, X 208 sqq.
Cambac4r5s, Jean-Jaoques-Bdgis de, French
statesman, vin 378, 380 sq., 886; Director,
489; Minister of Justice, 672, 677, 681;
738 sq. ; ix 1; 5 sqq,, 19, 32, 103 ; Arch-
Chancellor of the Empire, 110; receives
Parma, 111; appointed Napoleon’s deputy,
138; 145 sqq.; and the Codes, 172-3;
616
Cambi, Giovanni, Medicean partisan, i 175
Cambodia, France and, xn 132, 524; 797
Cambon, Joseph, and French finance, vm
73, 249, 257, 702, 704; on the ComitS de
Saint Public t 269, 366, 382; arrested,
885
Jules, French ambassador at
Washington, vn 682
Paul, French ambassador in London,
XII 456
Cambray, League of (1508), i 131, 246,
266, 277, in 116; Maximilian I and,
I 319, 344, 456; attacked by France, ii
89; Charles Y and, 102; Conference of
(1517), 39; Peace of (1529), 25, 59, 203;
432; siege of (1595), in 628, 669; handed
over to Anjou, 706; siege of (1649), iv
612; French defeated at, 619; Congress
of (1724-5), VI 39, 57, 126, 138; arch-
bishopric of, 131; France and, v 36, 89;
taken by the French (1677), 44; 45; 422;
430 ; Louis XYIII at, ix 643, x 44, 48
Francois de Salignac de la Mothe
F^nelon, Archbishop of, writings of, v
28 sq.; 78 sq.; 88; 90; vm 8
General Index.
275
Cambray, Joseph de Bergaigne, previously
Bishop of Hertogenbosch, archbishop
of, at Munster, iv 401
Cambridge, Erasmus at, i 546; and the
New Learning, 580; state of University
of, II 468; destruction of libraries in,
503; Queen Mary proclaimed at, 517;
Boyalist tendencies at, iv 304 ; Cromwell
at, 312; the army encamped near, 343;
Crashaw at, 771; Cowley at, 773; Car-
tesian philosophy at, 791; Milton at, v
116; 237 sq. ; vi 802; Newton at, v 721;
Jacobinism at, vni 764 ; Byron at, x 711 ;
Tennyson at, xi 350; study of history
at, 363; abolition of religious tests in,
XII 27 ; 36 ; 762 ; historical study at, 820,
834
Piatonists, v 327; 332; 749 sqq.
George (Electoral Prince), Duke ol
Sse George II, King of England
George William Frederick Charles,
2nd Duke of, xii 52; 441
Camden, Gates defeated at, vri 225 sq.
Charles Pratt, 1st Earl, vi 431;
435 ; 437 sqq. ; 441 ; dismissed, 442 ; 450 ;
President of Council, 457 ; 462 sq. ; 467 ;
VII 147 ; vm 294
Sir John Jeffreys Pratt, 2nd Earl
and 1st Marquis of, and Catholic Eman-
cipation, IX 678; Viceroy of Ireland,
700
William, antiquary, xii 816
Camelinat, French socialist, xii 125
Camera della Segnaturaf Baffaelle’s paint-
ings in, II 6 sq.
Cameral Tribunal. SeeBeichskammergericht
Camerariua (Joachim Kammermeister), i
574
Ludwig, Palatine councillor, ^ at
Prague, iv 15; and the Palatine family,
70
Budolf Jacob, botanist, v 736
Camerino, reduced by papal forces, ii 75;
captured by Cesare Borgia (1582), i 194,
240 ; duchy of, incorporated in the
Italian kingdom, ix 400 ^
Cameron, Archibald, Jacobite, vi 119
- — Charles Duncan, British Consul at
Massowah, xi 753
Sir Duncan Alexander, general, xi
800
Eichard, covenanter, v 286 sq.; 290
Simon, vii 445; Secretary of War,
450, 584 sq.; Minister to Eussia, 472
Verney, travels of, in Africa, xn
810 sq.
of Loohiel, vi 105 ; 109 ; 111 sq.
Cameroons, xii 3 ; 41 ; ISO ; German occu-
pation of the, 160 ; 658 sqq.
Camin, see of, and the Great Elector, rr
407
Caminha, English force disembarked at,
X 336
Camisardgf rising of the, v 26
Camoens, Luis de, The Lmiad^ v 695
Camorra, working of the, in S. Italy md
Sicily, XII 239
Camp Dick Eobinson, brigade at, tii 462
sq.
Jackson, captured by Captain Lyon
(1861), VII 458
Campagna, Spanish occupation of the
(1556), II 91 ; brigandage in the, nr 430
Campana, Francesco, m 388
Campanella, Tommaso, the Civitas Solis,
II 707
Campbell, Sir Archibald, of Inverneil (d.
1791), colonel, vii 218 sq.
Sir Archibald, general (d. 1843),
Governor of British Burma, xi 728
Colin. See Clyde, Lord
Colin, of Glendaruel, vi 105
Daniel, of Shawfieid, vi 107
Sir George, Lieut.-Governor of Ben-
gal, xn 464
Sir James, of Auchinbreck, vi 109
John A., Confederate assistant
Secretary of War, vii 605
Thomas, poet, x 700
William, American colonel, vn 225
Admiral, ix 224
See also Argyll
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, Secretary
for War, xn 52 ; Prime Minister, 54 sq.
Campe, peace between France and England
at (1546), II 461
■ Joachim Heinrich, German writer,
vm 772 sqq,
Campeachy, contraband trade at, vi 373
Bay, the English in, v 687 ; log-
wood cutting in, vx 149
Campeggio, Lorenzo, Cardinal, i 489; ii
16; at the Diet of Niimberg, 171 sq.,
174 ; 210 ; at Eatisbon, 326 ; mission to
England of, 430 sqq.
Thomas. See Feltre, Bishop ol
Oaropell, Ulric, iv 36
Camperdown, battle of, vm 482 sq.
Camphausen, Ludolf, Prussian statesman,
XI 63; 159 sq.; 191; 200
Otto von, Prussian Minister of
Finance, xn 150
Campillo, Don Joseph del. See Del Cam-
pilio
Campion, Edmund, Jesuit, in 287, 350
Thomas; poet, in 369
Campo Florido, Spanish ambassador in
Paris, VI 158; 166
Formio, Treaty of (1797), viii 498,
591 sqq., 633, n 39 sq., 56, 63, 751;
Bonaparte at, 82
Santo, Spanish defeat at, vi 237;
241
Campomanes, Pedro Bodriguez, Count of.
President of the Council of Castile, vi
382 ; vni 782
Campos, Martinez, Spanish general, vii
675
Campredon, H- de, French ambassador in
Bussia, V 551 ; to Stockholm, vi 36
276
General Index.
Camus, Arm and Gaston, and French pen-
sions (1790), vni 72, 700; Jansenist,
196 ; 249
Lieutenant, French naval officer, xr
850
Canada, France and, v IS, 442 ; 684 sq. ;
688 ; colonisation of, vi 183 ; 248 ; 342 ;
S42a sqq. (in Vol. xin); ceded to
England, S47; 349 sq.; 351; 410 sqq*;
the Peace of Paris and, 428; 461 j ag-
gressive policy of, VII 42 ; projected
invasion of, 69; the French in, Chap.
HI ; the conquest of, Chap, iv ; General
Hull invades (1812) , 837 ; and the sealing
question, 666 ; migration from the States
into, 712; colonial empire in, ix 735;
740 sqq. ; (1763-1840), Vol. x, Chap, xxi
fassiTa] the Catholic Church in, 625; the
export wheat trade of, 760 ; the Federa-
tion of, Vol. XI, Chap. XXVII (2); 17;
the Clergy Beserves of, 310 ; 336 ; 343 ;
British rule in, 755 sqq.; xii 2 ; 21 ; 47 ;
preference tariff in, 67 ; 603 ; 649 sq. ;
and naval defence, 649, 651 ; 654 ; and
arbitration, 721 sqq. ; exploration in, 814
Company, The, vi 533
Viscount. See Stirling, Earl of
Franqois Xavier de Laval -Mont-
morency, Bishop of, VII 84
Canadian Pacffic Eailway, xn 606 ; 609 ; 615
Canale, Nieold da, Venetian commander,
I 79
Canalejas, Jos4, Spanish journalist, VH 676
Canales, Marquez de, Spanish diplomatist,
V 390
Cananor, Bajah of, the Portuguese and, 1 29
Canary Islands, the Guanches of, i 10;
Spain coionises, 40; Spanish fleet sent
to, in 581; exports from, v 677; Spanish
generals banished to, xi 569
Canby, Edward Eichard Sprigg, vii 543
Oanolaux, Comte lean -Baptiste -Camille,
French general, vni 382
Gandale, Sire de, i 394
Candia, siege of, by Turks (1648-69), v 36,
342 sq., 348 sq. ; vi 675 ; British occupa-
tion of, xn 423
(Jandidej French journal, xi 486
Candolle, Alphonse-Louis-Pierre de, xi 260
Auguste de, xi 260
Candy. See Kandy
Canea, taken by the Turks, v 342 ; insur-
rection in, xn 419; occupied by the
Powers, 420, 423
Oanevaro, Italian admiral, xn 423 sq*
Canga Arguelles, Jos4, x 218
Canisius, Egidius, Cardinal, i 560
(Peter Kanes), Jesuit, n 250; in-
fluence of, at the Council of Trent, 682 ;
and the Index, 688 ; ni 148 sq. ; 155 ;
160 sqq.
Cannes, landing of Hapoleon at, ix 615
Canning, Charles John Canning, 1st Earl,
Governor- General of India, xi 829 sq.;
724; 744 sq.; 749 sqq.
Canning, George, statesman, vii369; Foreign
Minister, ix 236 ; in Foreign Office, 289 ;
Napoleon’s designs revealed to, 297 ;
policy of, 298; 300, 305, 309, 321, 340;
gets subsidy for the war of 1809, 358 ;
duel with Castlereagh, 359; urges Eng-
land to intervene in regard to Napoleon,
439 ; ode of, 681 ; and the Tory party,
686; 688; x 12; 33, 34; policy of,
86 sqq. , 584 sq. ; and the Greek revolt
and Eastern Question, 184 sqq. ; 197 sq. ;
200; and the Spanish question, 226;
and Spanish America, 308 sq.; and the
United States, 309 ; and Portuguese
affairs, 319, 321 ; and the European
System, 371 ; 573 ; and the Ministry
of 1816, 575 ; 580 ; Foreign Secretary
(1822), 583 ; 587 ; 589 sq. ; Prime Minister
(1827), 591 ; and the Corn Law, 591 sq.;
death of, 195, 592 ; and Tory principles,
600 sq. ; 602 ; 604 ; 618 ; and Catholic
emancipation, 634, 642, 645; and the
abolition of slavery, 658 ; and the Anti-
Jacobm, 700 ; policy of, on the India
Board, xi 724; 755; 762; xn 682; 688
Stratford. See Stratford de Bed-
cliffe
Cano, Melchior, Spanish theologian, n 408
sqq., 647, 659
Canosa, captured by the French (1502), i
125
Prince of, x 110
Canossa, Ludovico di, of Verona, ii 16
Canova, Antonio, sculptor, vi 117; x 151
Cauovas del Castillo, Antonio, Spanish
premier, vii 675; xi 560; xn 258; 262
sq. ; 265; murdered, 266, 268; 842
Canrobert, Francois-Certain, Marshal of
France, in the Crimea, xi 318 ; 322 ; 582 ;
590 sqq.; at Gravelotte, 593 sq.; 595
Canso, Gut of, toll demanded in, vii 363,
658
Cantacuzenus, Emperor of the East. See
John V
Manuel (Ghin), leader of Albanians,
I 75
Cantemir, Demetrius, Hospodar of Mol-
davia, V 604
Canter, William, of Utrecht, Dutch
humanist, i 579
Canterbury, typical medieval library of
Christ Church in, i 589; Convocation
of (1559), resists the Beformation, n 566;
(1563), accepts the Thirty-Nine Articles,
587 sq.
Charles Manners - Sutton, 1st Vis-
count, Speaker of the House of Commons,
becomes Secretary of State, x 615
Archbishops of. See sub nom*
(New Zealand), xi 796; 799
Association, xi 796
Cantillon, Philip, The Nature of CommercCf
vm 21 sq. ; x 770
Napoleon’s legacy to, for attempted
assassination of Wellington, ix 759
General Index.
STT
Canton, xi 325; 724; 734; the English In,
803 sqq.; opium trade at, 806 sq.; British
attack on, 809; American trade with,
810; capture of, 812; 814 sq.; occupa-
tion of, 816; xii 526; Earl Macartney
at, 796; 797
Cantons, the Swiss Catholic, League of
: .1524, .n 325.
Cantu, Gesare, z 106; 125; History of
Italy, XII 842
Canuel, Simon, Baron, French general, x 54
Canus, Melchior, theologian, xi 718
Ganynges, William, Enghsh merchant, 1 505
Cap Franqois, French fleet at, ti 452
Gapaul, Josef von, shot, iv 54
Cape Anne, trading station at, vn 15
Branco, discovered by the Portu-
guese, I 13
Breton Island, France and, v 443;
settlement of, vi 133; 249; regained by
France, 331, 538; 428; vii 75, 91;
fortified, 95; history of, 112 sq.; govern-
ment of, IX 746 ; and the Peace of Paris
(1763), X 685; 637
Coast Castle, xn 807
Cod, Pilgrim Fathers at, vn 13
Colony, founded by the Dutch, iv
713 ; development of, vi 188 sq.; captured
by the British (1806), ix 235, 240, 752
sqq. ; retained by Great Britain, 654,
735 ; British occupation of, 749 sq. ; the
wool trade with, x 759; (1815-70), Yol.
XI, Chap, xxvn (B) passim; 761; xii 161;
affairs in, G35 sqq.; and the Transvaal,
640 sqq.; 644 sq.; and the Union of
South Africa, 646; 648 ; 808
Finisterre, second Spanish Armada
scattered by tempest off (1596), ni 529,
606 ; battle of (1805), ix 225 sq.
Hatteras, the Monitor founders off
(1862), vn 563
Home, settlement at, vii 15
Capei, Arthur, Ist Baron Capel of Hadham,
at Colchester, iv 349, 351
Arthur, Earl of Essex. See Essex
Sir Henry, Baron Capel of Tewkes-
bury, V 321
Capella, Martianus (c. 420), Septem Aries
Liberales, i 533
Oapellari, Mauro. See Gregory XYI
Cape of Good Hope, Diaz discovers,
I 17, 19 sq.; Da Gama and, 25, 285;
Dutch occupation of, v 693 sqq. ; vi 454 ;
question of British retention of (1797),
vin 498; restored to the Dutch (1802),
IX 75, 752; 283; recaptured (1806), 752;
retained (1814), 755, x 620; xi667; 760.
See also Cape Colony
Passaro, naval battle off, vi 33, 104,
125, 157 ; 419
St Catherine, the Portuguese reach,
I 16
St Vincent, origin of name of, 1 12 ;
battle of, vin 461 sqq., 498; Migueiist
fleet destroyed off (1833), x 333 sq.
Cape Town, and Cape Colony, ?x 189;
■ captured (1795), vin 484 sq.; surrendered
(1806), XI 778; Union eonventioii at,
XII 646; 647
— Verde Islands, discovery of, i l6 ;
salt trade with, in 631
— — York, overland journey to, xi 795
Capisucchi, Giovanni Antonio, Auditor of
the Bota at Borne, ii 434
Capito, Wolfgang Fabrieius, Zwinglian, ii
160, 211 ; French reformers and, 283 sq.;
310, 328; at Basel, 355
Capo dTstria, Pietro Paolo Vergerio, Bishop
of, II 233, 394-5, 588
Count John. See Capodistrias
Oapodimonte, palace at, vi 596
Capodistrias, John, Count, at the Congress
of Vienna, ix 586; 600-1, 609; and the
French frontier, 664 ; at the Conference
of Aix-la-Chapelle, x 14, 16; 21; 23; 25;
at the Conference of Troppau, 27 ; at the
Conference of Laibach, 29; 34; and the
Ionian Islands, 177; refuses leadership
of the Greek revolt, 178; and Ypsilanti,
179; decline of the influence of, 184;
188; elected Greek President, 200; and
the Greek settlement, 203; and the
Spanish secret mission, 212 sq. ; and
Metternieh, 370; 420; assassination of,
204; XI 277
Cappelia, Galeazzo, n 16
Cappello, Bianca, in 396
Cappioni, Piero, and Charles VIII, i 113,
154 sq., 172
Capponi, Gino A. G. G,, Marchese, x 108;
128; XI 65 ; 67; 90; 546; 548; xn
842
Caprara, Count Aeneas Sylvius, captures
Neuhausel, v 366; 369
Count Albert, mission of, to the
Porte, v 358 sq.
Jean-Baptiste de. Cardinal, Papal
Legate in France, ix 186-9; catechism
sanctioned by, 191; debts of, paid by
Napoleon, 194 ; 195 ; advice on the
German Concordat, 203
Caprera, Garibaldi at, xi 390, 533, 542, xn
216
Capres, ‘‘Malcontent’’ of southern Nether-
lands, in 251
Capri, retaken by Murat (1808), ix 382;
British fleet lands a garrison at, 404;
Corsican and Maltese garrison expelled
from, 406
Caprivi, Georg Leo, Count von, Chancellor
of the German Empire, xn 166
*‘Oaps,’^ Swedish party of the, VoL vi,
Chap, xxn, The Hate and Caps...
Capua, held by the Austrians,- vi 153;
reduced (1799), rm 658; fight at, xi
390
Nicholas von Schomberg, Cardinal,
Archbishop of, n 23, 423, 642 sq.
Pietrantonio di. See Otranto, Arch-
bishop of
278
Greneral Index.
Capuchins, introduced into Switzerland,
II 841; origin of, 647; iv 4
Oarabobo, battle of (1821), x 294
Caracas, Dutch trade with, v 688; the
cabildo of, x 246 sq.; attached to Mexico,
248; and the succession to the Spanish
throne, 283 ; 285 ; revolution of, 288 sq, ;
Bolivar in (1821), 294, (1827), 296 ; 297
sq.
Caraecioli, Galeazzo, Italian Eeformer, n
390
Marino, papal nuncio at Worms
(1521), n 139
Caracciolo, Antonio, chronicler, ii 389 sq.,
396
Prince Pranceseo, Keapolitan ad*
miral, vm 632, 658, 779
Caracena, Count, Spanish commander,
attacks Villa Viposa, iv 662 sq. ; ¥ 34
Carafa, Bttore, Count of Buvo, vm 779
CaraSa, Antonio, Cardinal, in 448
Antonio, Austrian field-marshal, ¥
367
Carlo, Bishop of Aversa. Bee Aversa
Caario, -Cardinal (nephew of Paul IV),
n 91 sq.
Giovanni Pietro. See Paul IV, Pope
Oaramania, conquest of, by Turks, 1 81 sqq.
Carberry Hill, Prince Charles at, ¥i 113
Carbery, Eichard Vaughan, 2nd Earl of,
¥ 748
Carbisdale, Montrose defeated at, iv 509
Carbon, Jean, GhouaUi ix 17; 18
Carhonarii meeting of, at Bologna, x 21;
111 sqq,; in Piedmont, 114; 123; con-
demned by the Papacy, 135 ; 138 ; Pius VII
and, 150; persecution of, by Cardinal
Bivarola, 152 ; and American revolution-
aries, 213; in Spain, 221; excommuni-
cated, 452; Pius IX and, xi 72, 74, 77
Carcassonne, revolt of, m 668
Carces, Comte de, in 416
Cardadeu, Beding defeated at (1808), ix 448
Cardan, Jerome, physician, v 716
Cardenas, Inigo de, Spanish ambassador,
Mary de’ Medici and, iv 625
Cardew, Sir Frederick, Colonel, xii 811
Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell, 7th
Eari of, at Balaklava, xi 319
Cardona, Bamdn de, Spanish viceroy of
Naples, I 137 sqq., 198, 249
Duke of, Viceroy of Catalonia, iv
648
Cardoso, Governor of Villa-de-Gonde, x
328 sq.
Garducci, Giosue, Italian writer, x 115 ; xr
549
Cardwell, Edward Cardwell, Viscount,
. Secretary for War, xir 23; and army-
reform, 25 sq. ; 29
Carelia, ceded to Sweden, v 503; claimed
by Bussia, 614; Gustavus III and, vi
778 ; Sweden demands the restoration of,
vm 325
Carentan, surrender of (1574), m 24
Carew, Sir George, in 532, 608
— John, arrest of, iv 447
— Sir Nicholas, execution of, ii 449
Sir Peter, heads rebellion against
Mary, n 526 sq.
- — Thomas, poet, v 745
Carey, Arthur Douglas, in Tibet, xii 802
Henry Charles, American political
economist, vir 699
Sir Bobert. See Monmouth, Earl
of
Cargill, Donald, covenanter, v 286 sq.
Caribbean Islands, grant of (1627), vii 74
Sea, Spanish possessions in, r 680 ;
688; 691; vi 59; 62; European Powers
in, 185 ; xii 652 ; 655 ; the United States
and, 684 sqq.
Carihs, The, aborigines of West Indies, 1 38,
41
Carignano, Eugenio, Prince of (1859), xi
386; 536
See Savoy-Oarignan
Carillo d’Acuna, Dorn Alfonso, Archbishop
of Toledo. See Toledo
Carillon. See Ticonderoga
Carinthia, transferred to Archduke Fer-
dinand, II 150; Protestantism in, in 702;
Estates of, 728; Austria and, vi 204;
abandoned by Austria to Italy (1809), ix
355 ; French province of, 418 ; recovered
by Austria (1815), 660; and German
unity, XI 173
Carisbrooke Castle, Charles I at, iv 346 sq.,
350, 359
Cariteo, Neapolitan poet, iii 458
Carleill, Christopher, nr 301
Carlens, Jean-Pascal-Baymond, commands
the Asmy of the Bhine, virr 426
Carleton, Sir Dudley, 1st Baron Carleton
and Viscount Dorchester. See Dor-
chester
Sir Guy. See Dorchester
earlier, Pierre, French Prefect of Police, xi
134
Carlingford, Chichester Samuel Parkinson-
Fortescue, 1st Baron, xi 343
Theobald Taai^e, 1st Earl of (Viscount
TaafEe), defeated at Mallow, iv 345; at
Knockninoss, 531; v 109
Carlisle, siege of, iv 331 ; Irish garrison for,
520 ; Prince Charles at, vi 114 sq. ; 117
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of (3rd
cr., 1661), and motion on royal marriages,
V 213
Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of, vi
450; Viceroy of Ireland, 456, 499; 464;
467
George Howard, 6th Earl of (Lord
. Morpeth), English ambassador (1806), ix
282
George William Frederick Howard,
7th Earl of, x 677
James Hay, 1st Earl of (2nd cr.),
starts on a mission of peace, iv 24;
meets Ferdinand at Salzburg, 27 ; vii 74
G-eneral Index.
219
Carlists, party of the, rise of, in Spain, x
231 ; the Carlist War (1834-40), 235 sqq. ;
from 1871, xii 257 sqq.
Carlo Alberto, King of Sardinia. See Charles
Albert
Carlos, King of Portugal, xii 271 sq.
Don, son of Philip II, m 168-9, 175,
268-9, 480, 484, 488-90, 685
Don, son of Philip III, it 14; 69
Don, son of Philip ¥• See Charles
III, King of Spain
Don (Carlos Maria Isidro de Borboro),
X 230; and the rise of the Carlist party,
231; and the succession to the throne,
282 sq.; and the Powers, 235; 237 sq.;
negotiations of, with Cristina, 239; re-
tires to Prance, 240; abdication of (1845),
243, XI 553; Thiers and, x 496
*‘VI,” pretender to the throne of
Spain. See Montemolin, Count of
Don, Spanish pretender, xii 258;
260; 262 sq.
Carlota, Dona (Louisa Carlota, of Sicily,
Duchess of Cadiz), and the marriage of
Queen Isabel, xi 553
of Naples, consort of the Infante
Don Francisco de Paula, and the Spanish
succession, x 231 sqq.
Joaquina of Spain (Princess of Brazil) ,
Queen consort of John VI of Portugal,
VI 381 ; X 283 ; 285 ; 310 ; character of,
313; 316 sq.; 322; death of, 324
Carlowitz, Treaty of (1699), v 33, 61, 364,
371, 388; xr 179; rising at, 180
Christopher, foments dissension in
Saxony, ii 252
General Georg Karl von, at Moscow,
V 587
Carlsbad, Peter the Great at, v 607; meeting
of Ministers at (1819), x 366 ; Metternich
and Nesselrode at (1830), 481; Decrees
(1819), 22, 23, 356, 367, 370
Carlson, Frederik Ferdinand, Swedish
statesman, xr 690
Carlsruhe, Ney crosses the Bhine near, ix
253; Diet at, xi 145; 147; 221
Carlstadt (Andrew Bodenstein of), German
Eeformer, n 117, 138, 165 sqq., 177, 190;
in Zurich, 323 ; visits Denmark, 606 ; nx
■ Ygg
Carlyle, Thomas, and Scott, x 719 ; xi 342 ;
the writings of, 347 sq. ; 349 sqq, ; 355 ;
357 ; 359 ; 361 ; Frederick the Greats 362 ;
Fronde’s Life of, 364; historical works
of, XII 838 sq.
Oarmagnoia, Savoyard plots in (1580), in
408, a688), 414
(Francesco Bnssone), Italian general,
I 279 sq.
Carmarthen, Marquis of. Bee Leeds, 5th
Duke of
Carmel, Gaspard, French Eeformer, ii 295
Carmelites, The Bare-footed, v 73
Carmen Syiva. See Elizabeth, Queen of
Bonmanla
Carmer, Count lohana H. C., Prassian
High Chancellor, vi 728
Carmine, Italian statesman, xn 227
Carnarvon, Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of
(3rd cr.), IX 78
— - Henry. H. M. Herbert., 4th Earl of,.
XI 340 sq. ; 771 ; Colonial Secretary, xii
30; 33; and Parnell, 42, 83; 43; 84;
resigns, 390; and Gape Colony, 636; 646
Carnatic, The, Clive and Warren Hastings,
Vol. VI, Chap. XV (2) passim; 465; affairs
in, IX 721-2; Nawabs of, see Arcot,
Nawibs of
Came, Edward, English ambassador in
Borne, n 436 sq., 564
Camd, Comte Louis Marcein de, x 500
Carnesecchi, Pietro, Italian Eeformer, n
390, 396 sq.; m 390, 459-60, 466
Carniola, transferred to Archduke Ferdinand,
II 150; Protestantism in, ni 702; Estates
of, 728; Austria and, vi 204; French
province of, ix 418 ; recovered by Austria
(1815), 660; and German unity, xi 173
Carnot, Lazare-Nicolas-Marguerite, viii 233,
249; on Comitd de Saint Public, 344, 348,
368, 380, 385, 389; and the army, 426,
431, 434 sq.; Director, 490 sqq., 495,
498 sq. ; and Coup d^itat of 18 Fructidor,
608 sqq., 591; pamphlet of (1798), 641;
IX 19; 24, 31, 96, 133; and the Eestora-
tion, 565; 572, 616, 643
Lazare-Hippolyte, xi 26; 39; Min-
ister of Public Instruction, 104; retires,
114; 116; and national education, 120;
124; 131; and Coup d^dtat of December,
136; 304; 477; 489
— — Marie-Franqois-Sadi, President of
French Eepublic, xn 98; 112; and the
Papacy, 119; assassinated, 126
Nicolas-Ldonard-Sadi, and the theory
of heat, xn 784
Carnwarth, Eobert Dalyell, 6th Earl o:^ vi
101; 103
Caro, Annibale, m 471
Ventura, Spanish general, vm 439
Caroli, Peter, Calvin and, ii 368
Carolina. See also Oarolinas, The
North, Amidas and Barlow land in,
VII 3; settlement in (1585-6), ib.; 53;
trade of, 56 ; 162; condition of, 164; the war
in (1776), 173; constitution of, 241 sq.;
and custom dues, 243 ; and the Constitu-
tional Convention, 245 sq., 278, 281,
283; refuses to ratify the Constitution,
303 ; encouragement of manufactures in,
354; and the Tariff, 377; slavery in,
386, 581; white population in (1860),
416; and secession, 453, 603; Sherman’s
march through, 528, 534 ; emancipation
m, 595; opposition to Confederate policy
in, 60S sq. ; becomes Democratic, 642
—• — South, negroes in, vn 65 ; trade of,
56; the war in (1776), 173; invasion of
(1778), 219; constitution of, 237, 241;
and Constitutional Convention, 246, 258,
280
General Index.
263, 265, 268, 272, 277, 281 sq., 292;
and tlie TariS, 377 sq., 380; “nullifica-
tion” in, 381, 409, 412, 414; white
population of (1860), 415; secedes from
Union (1860), 441, 445 ; 447; joins Con-
federacy, 453, 603; Sherman’s march
through, 528 sq., 534; slavery in, 588;
emancipation in, 595 ; corruption in,
641 ; Bepiiblicans in, 642
Garolinas, The, v 101; foundation of, 685;
VI 51, 187; trade of, 447; vn 34-8;
population of, 55; religious conditions
in, 58, 114; disafiection in, 169; loyalist
fugitives from, 219; war in (1780-1),
223-9; and Constitutional Convention,
252, 279 ; cessions in, 308 ; in the
Civil War, 471 ; blockade-running in,
620
Caroline a:fiair, The, vii 390 sq.
Caroline, Augusta (of Bavaria), Empress of
Austria, x 146
Matilda, Queen of Denmark, consort
of Christian YII, vi743; and Struensee,
745; 746; 748 sqq.; death of, 752 sq.;
vm 279
Queen of Great Britain, consort of
George II, vi 19; 42; 47; 77
Queen of Great Britain, consort of
George IV, marriage of, ix 675; 687,
690; X 583
(Archduchess), Queen of Naples and
Sicily, consort of Ferdinand I, viii 79,
556 sq., 644, 649; 659; 778 sq,; ix 247;
381; makes one more bid for power,
384; flight of, 404; death of, 604; treat-
ment of, IX 648; X 110
Princess of Palermo, See Aumale,
Duchesse de
Islands, purchased by Germany, xii
171; Spain and, 264; 666 sq.
Carolinum at Zurich, Zwingii Hector of
the, II 321
Caron, Augustin- Joseph, French colonel,
X 76
Franqois, Dutch trade with Japan
and, IV 712; v 703
Noel de, Seigneur de Sehoneval, iii
258
Carpaccio, Vittore, Venetian artist, i 284
Carpentaria, exploration of, xi 798
Carpenter, George Carpenter, Lord, Lieu-
tenant-general, VI 101
Carpentier, Pieter, Dutch Governor-General
of the Indies, iv 711, 739
Carpentras, siege of, by Avignon, vm 217
Cardinal-Bishop of. See Sadoleto,
Jacopo
“Carpet-baggers,” vn 640 sqq., 044 sq,,
652
Carpi, French defeated at (1701), v 402
Prince of. See Pio di Carpi
Girolamo da, v 724
Carpio, Duke of. Bee Haro, Don Luis de
Carr, Eobert. See Somerset, Earl of
Bobert, English oificer, vn 41
Carra, Jean-Louis, French politician, vin
232 sq.
Carraca, arsenal of, seized by revolution-
aries (1820), X 216
Carranza, Barfcolom6 de, Archbishop of
Toledo. See Toledo
Carrara, marble quarries near, m 392
- — (Oarraresi), the family of, recover
Padua, I 265
Francesco da, Lord of Padua, war
between Venice and (1378), i 258, 265;
Petrarch and, in 463
— - Jacopo da, of Padua, i 262
— — Marsilio da, of Padua, i 262 sq.
Carrel, Nicolas- Armand, journalist, and
Napoleon, ix 758; x 491 sq. ; 499; xi
26; 526
Carter, Luigi, Italian poet, xi 645
Garrett 0 , Francesco Saverio, Marquis del,
Neapolitan Minister, xi 69
Guglielmo, Marquis del, suppresses
revolt at Cilento, x 119
Garrickfergus, and the rebellion in Ulster,
IV 522; Munro at, 524; surprised by
“Old Scots,” 532; taken by Schomberg
(1689), V 312; 313; French landing at,
VI 489
Carrickmacross, Lawless at (1828), x 647
Garrick- on-Suir, William III at, v 315
Garrick’s Ford, Federal success at (1861),
vn 457
Carrier, Jean-Baptiste, member of the
National Convention, vin 249, 356;
impeached and executed, 377
Carriglea, battle of (1588), m 589, 602-3
Carrion Biver, Soult on the, ix 445
Cars, Duo des, French legitimist, x 486
Carstares, William, and the establishment
of Presbyterianism in Scotland, v 293
Cartagena, Alva sails from (1567), ni213;
Drake before, 321; trade of, v 684; sack
of (1697), 691; blockade of, ix 211; Al-
lied force at, 219; Villeneuve at, 220;
Duke of Aosta lands at, xi 572 ; canton-
alism at, xn 261 sq.
de las Indias (Colombia), defence
of (1741), VI 165, X 273; emigration to,
251; the Inquisition in, 253 sq. ; and
trade, 265; and the slave-trade, 260;
buccaneers at, 272; revolution in, 285;
288; Bolivar raises troops in, 289; be-
sieged, 290; Bolivar retires to, 296
Cartaojal, Spanish general, commands
army in La Mancha, ix 448 ; 449; covers
eastern passes, 450
Cartaxo, Saldanha at, x 336
Carteaux, Jean-Fran<?ois, French general,
vm 348, 352
Carteret, Sir George, v 113; Lord Pro-
prietor in New Jersey, vn 41
Sir George (grandson of above). Lord
Proprietor in New Jersey, vii 47
Philip, Governor of New Jersey, vii
41, 46 sq.
Lord. Bee Granville, Earl
General Index.
281
Cartesianism, see Yol. iv» Chap, xxvn,
Descartes and Cartesianism ; v 72 sq.
Cartets, Vieomte de, and Lahadie, v 756
Carthage, Charles Y lands at, ii 69
Carthusians, executign of,nnder Henry YIII,
■..■■■II 442 . ■ ,
Cartier, George Etienne, Canadian states-
man, XI 769; 770; 775
Jacques, French explorer, 1 44; vii 71
John, in India, vi 558; 566!
Cartwright, Thomas, Bishop of Chester,
¥.■ 23 . 4 " . ■ ■
Thomas, Puritan controversialist, n
594; III 340, 743, 752 sqq.; v 326
Edmund, inventor, ix 372
Major John, political reformer, vm
755, 760; ix 688; x 576 sq.; 597
Thomas, Secretary of the British
Legation at the Hague, x 536 sq.
Commander at Fort Orange (Albany),
VII 39
Carvajal, Juan de, papal legate in Hun-
gary, I 69
Spanish general, x 222
y Lancaster, Bon Jose de, Spanish
statesman, vx 361 sqq.; death of, 364
Carvalho, Job5 da Silva, Portuguese states-
man, X 326; 330
e Meilo, Sebastian Joseph, See
Pombal, Marquis of
Carver, William, Governor of New Ply-
mouth, vn 14
Cary, Lucius, Viscount Falkland. See
Falkland
Thomas, Governor of Carolina, vn 37
Casa Blanca, xii 12; massacre at, 183
Giovanni della, Archbishop of Bene-
vento. See Benevento
Casal, J. Chrysostom de Yiilaret, Bishop
of, IX 129
Casale, rising of, in 407; Imperialist forces
before, iv 116; siege of, 184 sqq.; French
garrison in, 148 ; negotiations of Mazarin
before, 592; Harcourt and, 599; assigned
to Mantua, 618; attack on, by Spain, 643,
673; death of Spinola at, 644; seized by
the French (1681), v 48,357; Agriculturi
Congress at, xi 78; 371
Casali, Battista, at the Koman Academy,
n 16
Casati, Spanish ambassador, opposes
Henry lY, iv 41; offers treaty to the
Grisons, 45 sq.; 48; Swiss Catholics
and, 51
Gabrio, Count de, Italian states-
man, XI 90
Teresa, x 118
Casaubon, Isaac, Calvinist theologian, m
718; m 60
Casaux, the Seigneur de, and Marseilles
(1596), in 397
Cascaes Bay, Drake in, ni 318
Caselii, Charles-Frangois, Servite, sent to
France, ix 181; urges Pius YH to yield
to Napoleon, 198
Caserta, palace at, vi 596
Gian Francesco di, Italian reformer,
n 391
Cashel, Synod of, in 580; Incbiquin at,
IV 531; Eeconciliation meeting at (1828),
X 648
Casimir III, King of Poland, West Prassia
acquired by, is 635; v 632
lY, King of Poland, i 345
John. See John II, King of Poland
Casimir-P^rier, Jean-Paul-Plerre, President
of the French Eepublic, zn 105; 107; and
the establishment of the Eepublic, 110;
112; 119; 126
Casket Letters, iii 278-9
Caspian Sea, Eussia and, v 520 sq., 544 sq.;
Eussian advances on, xi 273, 633, xii
491; 793
Cass, Lewis, American statesman, vii 398
sq., 400, 419; resigns Secretaryship of
State (1860), 447
Oassala, xii 240; 447; relinquished by
Italy, 448
Cassander, George, in 164, 172
Oassano, Prince Eugene repulsed at, v 414
Cassard, Jacques, in the West Indies, v
679
Cassegrain, N., v 721
Cassel (Montcassei), William of Orange
defeated at (1677), v 44; 45
(Hesse), Charles XII at, v 610; 743;
surrender of, vi 426; Mortier ordered to
march on, ix 278; capital of the kingdom
of Westphalia, 411; xi 223; Prussian
troops in, 229 sqq.
Sir Ernest, and Egyptian hospitals,
xm 453
Cassian, John, writer on monachism, i
534
Cassinis, Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of, ii
456, 458
Cassini, Count, Eussian Minister at Peking,
xn 512
Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, the De Arti-
hm et Disciplmis Liberalium Artium of,
■I 534 . ■ . .
Castagnetto, Count, Secretary to King
Charles Mbert, xi 78
Castaibajac, French Eoyalist politician, x
74
Castaldo, Giambattista, Austrian envoy of
Charles Y, contrives the murder of Mar-
tinuzzi, II 268, ni 122
Castaneda, Spanish envoy at Vienna, iv
238
Castahos, Francis Xavier de, afterwards
Duke of Baylen, Spanish general, com-
mands the Spanish army of Andalusia,
IX 437; Bupont^s convention with, 438;
442; army of, remains intact, 443; In
La Mancha, 448; aids Beresfoid, 466;
X 211
Castel Belfino, ceded to Dauphin^, in 419
Castelar y Eipoll, Emilio, Spanish states-
man, XI 667 ; 570; xii 261 sq.; 264 sq.
282
General Index,
Castelar, Balfcasar Patino, Marquis of^
Spanish diplomatist, vi 142; 149; 166
Spanish general, m. 362
Castelfidardo, Papal army defeated at, rt
389, 469
Gastellesi, Cardinal (Adriano di Corneto),
I 241, 489; ii 5, 15
Castellio, Sebastian, ii 364, 372, 375 ; here-
tical views of, 716
Castel-Melhor, Louis Souza Yasconeellos,
Count of, Portuguese statesman, v 34
Castelnau, Jacques de la Mothe, Baron de,
II 297
Michel de, MemoireSy m 65; envoy
to Scotland, 269-70
Castelnaudary, Gaston’s army defeated at,
rv 140
Castel-Bodrigo, Francisco de Moura Oorte-
real, Marquis de, Governor of the Spanish
Netherlands (1664-8) , v 152 sq.
Castelvetro, Giammaria, Modenese Ee-
former, n 387
Ludovico, of Modena, ii 386 sq. ; m
457, 466
Casti, Gianbattista, Italian poet, vrii 778
Castiglione, battle of (1796), viii 574
sqq.
Baldassare, II Cortegiano, i 660; n
8,20; m 457,462-4, 466
Oastiglioni, Francesco Xaverio. See Pius
Vm, Pope
Castile, united with Aragon, i 111, 347 ;
institutions of, 348-9; Holy Brother-
hood in, 352 sq.; war of succession in,
352 ; the Council of, 355 ; Navarre in-
corporated with, 367; revolt of Comuneroe
in, 357, 372 sq.; Cortes of, meet (1686),
III 508; vote subsidy for Irish expedition,
532; Mngdom of, royal autocracy in,
478 ; traditional policy of, 479 ; govern-
ment of, 485; condition of, 488, 513;
Moors in, 494 ; taxation of, 496-7 ;
burdened by imperial policy of its kings,
504, 512 ; desolation of, 523, 528, 537 ;
taxed for new Holy League, 541 ; Philip
III and the Council of, iv 634 ; Philip IV
and the Council of, 640 ; flight of Philip
IV and Olivares to, 643 ; Portugal to be
a province of, 651 ; 655 ; industries in,
656; Cortes of, ib,; Council of, and the
succession, v 392; 428; Council of, vi
137; 142; economic reform in, 383
(New), IX 429; territory held by
French troops in, 435; operations re-
sumed in, 455 ; Hill ordered to abandon
(1812), 475; 479
(Old), Blake’s army descends into,
IX 438 ; Baird directed to join Moore in,
443; Mortier’s corps in, 453; occupied
by Imperial Guard, 458 ; disorder in, xi
562 ; 567
Admiral (Adelantado) of. See Mel-
gar, Count of, und Padilia, Martin de
Constable of (1520). See Frias, 2nd
Duke of
Castilia, Eamdn, Peruvian statesman, xn
673
Castiilejos, battle of, xi 564
Castillia, Gaetano, x 119
Castillo, Hernando deb See Del Castillo
Castle, informer, x 578 sq.
Island, fortified, vii 17
Gastlebaven, Spanish ships in, m 327,
632-3
James Touchet, 3rd Earl of,
Vavasour defeated by, iv 526 ; Ireton
and, 535
Castlemaine, Barbara, Countess of, y
111
Boger Palmer, Bari of, v 235
Oastlereagh, Boberfc Stewart, Viscount, after-
wards 2nd Marquis of Londonderry, vixt
771; fights a duel with Canning, ix 359 ;
dealings of, with Sicily, 384; advises inter-
vention against Napoleon, 439 ; proposes
Wellesley as commander of expedition to
Spain, 440; Wellesley’s appointment due
to, 449 ; at Conference of Ohatillon, 546 ;
signs Treaty of Chaumont, 577 ; at Con-
gress of Vienna, 679 sq.; 648, 653, 667 ;
and the French frontier, 664 ; and Ca-
tholic Emancipation, 678 ; 681 ; and the
Walcheren expedition, 688 sq.; succeeds
Wellesley in office, 690; and the Union
with Ireland, 702 ; 705 ; criticism of
Treaty of Bassein, 725 ; 729, 733 ; and
the French colonies, 735 ; x 7; 9; and
the Holy Alliance, 10 ; and Treaty of
Paris (1815), 11; and the European
System,” 12; 13; at Conference of
Aix-la-Chapelle, 14 sqq. ; 21 ; protests
against Carlsbad Decrees, 22 ; 23; 25;
and Conference of Troppau, 27-9; dis-
cusses Eastern Question with Metter-
nich, 32, 184; 36; and Consalvi, 141;
176 sq. ; 186; and the Greek revolt,
187; and Vienna Congress (1819), 368;
371 ; and the Polish question, 445 sq. ;
and the union of Holland and Belgium,
519 sq.; leader in the Commons, 574 sq.;
and repressive measures, 578 sq.; 580;
584 ; election of, for county Down, 607 ;
and the movement for Catholic relief, 629,
634 ; death of, 33, 583 ; xii 682
Castries, Charles-E.-G. de La Croix, Marquis
de, French marshal, Minister of Marine,
VIII 94, 96, 107
Gastriotes, George. See Scanderbeg
Castro, the Barberini and, iv 685 ; restored
to Parma, 687
Vireyna, silver mines at, v 682
Alfonso de, the Be Baeresibusy ii
402
Alphonso de, Viceroy of the Indies,
m 638
Don Pedro de, vi 105
Count of, Spanish ambassador in
Venice, rv 671
Catalans, Philip V and the, v 445 sq.;
General Index,
283
Catalonia, constitution of, i 851 ; Cortes of,
in 485, 496 ; exposed to Barbarossa’s
attacks, 110; revolt of (1640), iv 147 sqq.,
618 sqq. ; insurgents of, represented at
Miinster, 402 ; France and, 693, 598 sqq. ;
612, 615 ; Peace of the Pjrenees and, 620,
660 ; Cortes of, 628, 643 ; Castilian troops
in, 647 ; government of, 653; 656; 658;
expense of war against, 659 ; pacification
of, 661; the French in, v 61, 416 ; re-
stored to Spain, 63; 375; 428; 451; and
Philip Y, 404, 436 ; the Allies in, 419,
426; evacuated by the Allies {1712), 434;
440; VI 34; evacuated by French, 35;
136; 383; French invade (1794), vm
440; emigres in, 782; operations in
(1808), IX 239; 396; Duhesme in, 430,
435, 439; Saint-Cyr sent to, 447 sqq.,
454; Augereau’s failure in (1809), 457;
458; Macdonald supersedes Augereau in,
464 ; isolation of, 465 ; struggle in (1813-
4), 479 ; Mina in, x 228 ; the Society of
the Exterminating Angel, 229 ; absolutist
revolt in (1828), 230; I5on Carlos in,
239; Carlist rising in, xi 556; xn 258;
military disorder in, 260; 263; 268
Catania, naval battle of (1676), v 44; Order
of St John of Jerusalem at, ix 604 ; cap-
ture of, XI 92
Catarino, Ambrogio, refutes the Sommariot
n386
Catawba river, Cornwallis crosses, vn 227 sq.
Cateau-Cambr5sis, Treaty of (1659), ii 26,
88, 93 sq., 99, 566; in 6, 184, 187,
260, 263, 280, 406, 465, 477 sqq., 674,
677
Catechism^ of Martin Luther, n 201, 613;
of Canisius, 682
Catharine (of Aragon), Queen of England,
consort of Henry YIII, marriage of, i
466, 473 sq., 476; 482, 488; n 26, 70,
416 sq., 428 sqq., 437, 440, 444
(of Braganza), Queen of England,
consort of Charles II, marriage of, iv
621, V 105; 106; 212 sq.; Titus Oates
and, 225; 698
(Howard), Queen of England, 5th
consort of Henry YIII, ii 451 ; executed,
453
(Parr), Queen of England, 6th con-
sort of Henry YIII, n 457 ; marries Sir
Thomas Seymour, 488
(do’ Medici), Queen of France, consort
of Henry II, marriage of, n 26, 67, 98 ;
219; the Beformation in France and,
296-304 ; 578, 681 ; policy and action of,
III 1-45 ; 53 ; and Poland, 85 ; 177; and
the Guises, 266, 271; and St Bartholo-
mew massacre, 285; and Savoy, 403,
408, 413 ; and Philip II, 484, 486, 489 sqq. ;
and Don Antonio, 501 sq.
(d’Albret), Queen of Navarre. See
Navarre
(of Austria), Queen of Poland, 3rd
consort of Sigismund I, m 82
Catharine (of Austria), Queen of Portugal,
marries John III, ii 172
I, Tsarina of Bussia, v 547 sq. ;
^ accession of, 549 ; 550 sq. ; illness and
death of, 551 sq. ; vi 143 ; 302 ; 312
II, Tsarina of Bussia, v. 479; 505;
YoL VI, Chap, xix ; 316 ; , and Stanislaus
Poniatowski, 200 ; 299 ; 322 ; 340 ; 346 ;
the ** Greek project ” of, 353, 355 ; 354 ;
and Poland, 357 sq., 730 sqq.; Spain and,
378; '460 4 629; and Prussia, 630 sq,;
633; and Austria, 647 sq. ; 651; and
Frederick the Great, 352, 702, 707 sq.,
729; 742; and Denmark, 743 sq., 754;
746; 750; 753; 765 sq.; and Sweden,
769 sqq.; 778; and Finland, 782; 783;
vn 232; vin 278, 280, 292 sq. ; policy
of, 807 sqq. ; in the Crimea, 315 ; after
Beichenbach, 336 sq. ; and Poland, Chap,
xvn passim; death of (1796), 552, 583;
and the French Eevolution, 784 sq. ; ix
34 sqq. ; and the First Armed Neutrality,
43 sqq.; 280; attacks of, on Turkey, 385 ;
X 172; 413; 423; 425; and the serfs,
426; 471; xi 262; 264
(Jageilo), Queen of Sweden, con-
sort of John III, infiuence of, n 630,
632; marriage of, iv 162; 166; death
of, 167
(Stenbock), Queen of Sweden, con-
sort of Gustavus I, death of, iv 183
(of Brandenburg), Princess of Tran-
sylvania, consort of Bethlen Gabor, rv
29 ; Bussian marriage proposed for, 90 ;
marries Bethlen Gabor, 91, 100
daughter of Henry II of France,
III 400
Ivanovna, Duchess of Mecklenburg-
Sdhwerin, v 611; vi 309
of Navarre, sister of Henry lY, m
413
Grand Duchess of Bussia, Duchess
of Oldenburg, afterwards Queen of Wiir-
temberg, at Vienna, ix 581 ; x 361
Infanta, daughter of Philip U, con-
sort of Charles Emmanuel, Duke of
Savoy, m 413, 513; death of, 417
Cathcai’t, Charles Murray, 2nd Earl Cath-
cart, in British N. America, xi 767
Sir William Schaw, 10th Baron, 1st
Viscount and Earl, bombards Copenhagen,
IX 236 ; 263 ; at Bugen, 289 ; 295-6 ; at
the Congress of Vienna, 585
Cathelineau, Jacques, Yendean leader, vm
266, 341
Catholic Emancipation, and PitPs resigna-
tion, IX 678 sq., 693 sqq., but see Chap,
xxn passim; becomes law, x 593, see
Chap. XIX, 620-54. See alsa Toleration
Catholiqmt Le, Ghent journal, x 532
Oatinat de St Gratien, Nicolas de, Marshal
of France, v 60 sqq.; 401 sq.; 404 sqq.
Cats, Jacob, Pauw replaced by, iv 697;
poems of, 719; 721; Grand Pensionary
of Holland, v 139
284
General Index.
Cattaneo, Carlo, Italian writer, xi 547
Cattaro, prisoners work at, ix 84; ceded to
France (1806), 269, 270-1, 293, 306; re-
stored to Austria (1815), 660; Monte-
negrin occupation of, xii 402
Cattegat, Busso-Danish squadron in, vi
779
Caturce, Jean de, French Beformer, n
291
Caub, Bliicher at, ix 544
Caucasus, The, Bussian influence in, v 545 ;
VI 673 sq., 676; Orthodox mission in, x
422; Bussian advances in, xi 273 sq.;
633; naphtha industry of, xii 321; strike
in, 331 ; 332 ; 342 sq. ; disturbances in,
350 sq.; 353 sq.; 373; 793
Gaudebec, taken by Parma (1692), in
51
Caulaincourt, Armand-Augustin-Louis de,
Duke of Vicenza, ix 30; receives Vi-
cenza, 111; 145; French ambassador,
307; Napoleon’s directions to, 308 ; 310;
meeting with BomanzoS, 312 ; 318 ;
Napoleon’s letters to, 814; 315 sqq.;
summoned to St Petersburg, 485; sent
to Alexander, 520; 643; suggests ne-
gotiations, 545; at Ohdtillon, 546; 549,
552; envoy to Alexander, 558; Minister
for Foreign Affairs, 616
Caulet, Etienne-Franqois de, Bishop of
Pamiers. See Pamiers
Caumartin, Franqois Lefivre de, Bishop
of Amiens. See Amiens
Caussidi^re, Marc, x 492; xi 99; 110
Cauvin, Jean. See Calvin
Cavagnari, Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon, xii
34 sq.; 46,9; 471
Oavaignac, Elenore-Louis-Godefroy, x 485;
491
Jacques - Marie - Eugene - Godefroy,
French Minister of War, xii 121
Louis-Eugene, French general, x 485 ;
XI 104; Minister of War, 112; 113;
suppresses insurrection in Paris, 114;
117; and the Presidential election, 118;
121 sq.; imprisonment of, 136; 304
Cavalier, Jeau, Gajnisard leader, v 26
Cavalieri, Bonaventura, mathematician, v
711
Gavallini, Pietro, in 438
Gavallotti, Felice, Italian politician, xii
219
Cavan, invasion of, iii 605 ; plantation of,
614
Cave, Stephen, and Egyptian finance, xii
431, 434
Cavendish, Charles, killed at Gainsborough,
IV 314
Lord Frederick Charles, Secretary
for Ireland, xn 40; 81
Henry, man of science, xii 768
Lord John, Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, VI 457 ; 462 sqq.
Sir Thomas, navigator, x 272
« — Lord. See Devonshire, Duke of
Cavite, Spanish fleet destroyed at, vii 679,
XII 530
Cavour, surrender of, m 417
Camilio, Count di, ii 35 ; and Italy
(1849-61), Vol. XI, Chap. XIV ; 79; 83;
interview with Napoleon III, 307, 376,
881; 322; and Austria, 403 ; results of
work of, 529; 530; 539; 705; death of,
892; xn 215
Cawdor, Frederick A. V. Campbell, 8rd
Earl, XII 60
— — John Campbell, 1st Baron, vin
475
Cawnpore, xi 738 ; mutiny at, 746 ; massacre
at, 747 ; 748
Cawsand Bay, English fleet leaves for Cadiz,
III 324
Caxton, William, the Golden Legend, i 641
Gaya river, defeat of the AHies on (1709),
V 426; Soult and Marmont in front of,
IX 468
Cayenne, French colony of , iv 756, v 448,
678, VII 79, 96 ; trade of, 827 ; trans-
portations to, vm 506, 512 sq., xi 139,
304; Viileneuve ordered to, ix 219; re-
duced (1809), 240
Cayla. See Du Cayla
Cayuga, The. See Iwquois
Cazaks, J.-A.-M. de, French politician, vm
159, 172, 741
Cazalla, Dr Agustin, Spanish Beformer, ii
404, 407 sq.
Francisco de, Spanish Beformer, ii
408
Pedro, Spanish martyr, ii 408
Gea Bermudez, Spanish Minister, x 233
fiechs, compared with Magyars, x 330 sq. ;
XI 46; 176 sqq.; 190; 216; literature of,
653 sqq. ; Vol. xii, Chap, vn passim
Cecil, Sir Edward, commands expedition to
Calais, iv 262
Sir Bobert. See Salisbury, Earl of
Sir William. See Burghley, Lord
C4cora, Polish disaster near, iv 189
Cedar Creek, battle of (1864), vii 532 sq.
Celebes, The, and Dutch colonisation, iv
711; government of, xii 669
Celeron. See Bienville, Celeron de
Celestma, La, by Bojas, i 379
Oellamare, Antonio Giudxce, Duke of
Giovenazzo, Prince of, Spanish am-
bassador at Paris, vi 33 ; 121 ; 125 ; 130
Celle, Queen Caroline Matilda at, vi 751,
753
Celles, Antoine- Charles Fiacre, Comte de
Visscher de, cruelty of, as prefect of the
Zuider See, ix 417
Antoine-P,-F.-G., Comte de Visscher,
X 480; 527
Oellinx, Benvenuto, ii 24; iii 394, 466,
474
Celman, ^ M. Suarez, President of the
Argentine Confederation, xii 683
Celtes, Conrad, German humanist, i 328,
325, 637
General Index. 285
Cemetery Bidge, and Gettysburg, Tn
488 sq. ^
Cenci, Beatrice, executed, iv 668
Cennini, Bernardo, Florentine printer, i
56i
Centallo, annexed to Saluzzo, in 419
Centerville, Federal retreat to (1861), vn
466
Centra secret society, in Mantua, x 111
Centuries of Meditations ^ Traberne’s, rv
771
Centurione, Paolo, Genoese traveller, ir 519
Cephalonia, seized by Turks (1479), x 81;
Fleet of Triple ^iiance at (1571), in
135
Geraccbi, Joseph, ix 17
Ceram, English attempt to establish factories
in, lY 735
Gerdagne, recovery of, hy Spain (1493), i
111, 229, 363 ; "Spain and, vi 141
Ceresole, French victory at (1544), n 77,
■ 245
Ceri, Renzo da, oondottiere, 1 134 ; defends
Marseilles, n 49; raids the Abruzzi, 65
Cerignola, French capture of (1502), i 125;
French defeat at (1503), 195
Cerkova, Charles XII at, v 600
Ceroni, Joseph, Italian poet and captain, ix
87
Cerretani, Bartolommeo, Florentine chroni-
cler, I 147
Cerro Gordo (Mexico), captured by Scott
(1847), VII 396
Certain, George, and Lambert (William and
Lewis of Nassau), m 231
Cervantes, Miguel, in 136; Don Quixote^
365, 546-7
Cerveira, Portuguese chronicler, i 16
Cervera y Topete, Pascual, Count de Jemz
and Marquis de Santa Ava, Spanish
admiral (1898), vn 679 sq* ; xxi 265
Cervi, island of, xi 280 sq.
Cervoni, Jean-Baptiste, French genera!*
viii 564 sq., 569
Cesari, Italian brigand, x 138
Cesarini, Alessandro, n 16
Cardinal Giuliano, at the Council
of Basel, i 623
Cesarotti, Meichiore, Italian writer, vi 830
Cessna, Pius VII at, x 134 ; riots at (1830-1)*
154, 165
Cesi, Prince Federigo, and the Accadema^
dei Lincei^ v 740
Paolo Emilio, n 16
Pietro Bonati, Cardinal, Bishop of
Narni, iii 450
Oetewayo, King of the Zulus, xii 636
Cette, harbour works at, xn 102
Cettinje, investment of, xi 636
Ceuta, taken by Portuguese (14X5), i 10;,
fighting at, vi 151 ; Arab raids near, xi 564
Ceva, the Allies at, viii 565; occupied by
the French (1796), 667
Cevallos, Pedro, Spanish ambassador at
Vienna, x 2X3
Cevennes, Protestant rising in the, v 26
Ceylon, Dutch trade with, ra 638 ; Christian.
, IV' and, IV 567 ; and Dutch colonisation,
. 711; Portuguese in, 743 sq. ; and French
■■■ colonisation, v 13; the Dutch in, 107,
696; 146; 695; Dutch colony of, taken
by. the English, vm 484; retained by
■■Great Britain,. ,ix . 75, 77,. 654, 752;
account of, 733 sq.; Arabi Pasha exiled
to, xn 438
Cezimbra Bay, Spanish ©arrack captured
in, m 327
Chaban, Prefect of Brussels, ix399; work
of, at Brussels, 416
Chabert, French labour politician, xn
94
Chablais, participates in Swiss neutrality,
IX 660
Chabot, Francois, Revolutionary, viii 213,
249, 339 ; trial and execution of, 363 sq.
L.-F.-J., French general, viii 582
de PAliier, Georges-Antoine, ix 19
Chabran, Joseph, Comte, French general,
IX 60
Chabrol de Volire, GilberWoseph-Caspard,
Comte de, ix 145
Chacabuco, Royalist defeat at (1817), x
292
Chaco, district of the, x 269 sq.
Chad, kingdom of, the French Congo and,
xn 130
Lake, xii 659 sq.; exploration on,
129 sq., 806 sqq., 810 s_qq.
Chadda river, and the Niger, xh 807
Chadwick, Sir Edwin, and Poor Law re-
form, X 660 sqq.; 681; xi 1; xn 750
Chagatais clan, vi 508
Chaikovsky, Nicholas, Russian revolution-
ary,. XII 304
Chaireddin, 8e$ Barbarossa
Chatt Singh, E^jah of Benares, Warren
’ Hastings and, vi 471 ; 578 sqq. ; 502 sq. ;
IX 716
diakdarra, attacked by the Swatis, xn
488
Ghalais, Henri de Talleyrand, Comte de,
execution of, vr 131^
Ghaleondyias, Demetrius, career of, in
Italy, I 543; n 16
Chaldiran, victory of Turks at (1514), i
90
Chalgrove, skirmish at (1643), rr 313
Challemel-Laeour, Paul-Armand, French
politician, xi 487
Chailier, Marie-Joseph, Lyons Jacobin,
vm 340, 346 '
Challoner, Sir Thomas, agent of Edward VI
and Mary at the French Court, m 51$;
m 265
Chalmers, Thomas, economic theories of,
X 775 ; and the Disruption of the Scottish
Church, XI 6
— William, bequeaths industrial ooEege
to Goteborg, xi 684
Ch&lons, House of, v 669
0. tf , jeu
18
286
General Index.
Oh^Ions-sur-Marne, headquarters of the
League, ra S9; Parlement of, 659, 663
sqq, ; army at, 690 ; insurrection at
(1792), vin 251; Bliicher at, ix 548;
army corps at, xi 582; 585; German
advance on, 594; 595
Cham, Wallenstein abandons investment
of, rv 237
Ohaman, railway to, xn 489
Chambarlae, General, ix 14
Chamberlain, Hugh, and a national bank,
V 266; 271
Joseph, President of the Board of
Trade, xii 36 ; 40 ; the ^ ‘ unauthorised pro-
gramme” of, 42 sq. ; and Home Buie,
44, 46; mission of, to the United States,
47 ; 48 ; Colonial Secretary, 52 ; and
the Jameson Baid, 53; advocates Tariff
Beform, 54 ; Colonial policy of, 57 ; and
Parnell, 81, 84; and South African
affairs, 641; 652
Sir Heville Bowles, Field-Marshal,
xn 469
Chamberlayne, William, poet, v 136
Chambers of Beunion,” Louis XIY’s, v 47
sq«, 357
Chambers, Eichard, refuses to pay taxes,
17 273; punishment of, 281
Chambersburg, Lee at, vii 488; burned
by the Confederates, 532
Gbambery, taken by the French (1630), iv
138; aMed to France (1814), ix 564, 576;
bishopric of, x 149
Chamblee, fort at, vn 170
Chambon de Montaux, Nicolas, Mayor of
Paris, vm 252
Chambord, Treaty of (1552), n 87, 271
Henri - Charles - Ferdinand - M. - D.
d’ Artois, Comte de, xx 133; xii 92; 103
sq. ; and the Comte de Paris, 107 sqq.
Ohamhre Ardente^ La, u 293
Introuvahle, x 46
Chambres de VEdit, m 676
Chamillart, Michel de, French financier,
V 28 sq.; 417; 424
Chamisso, Adalbert von, German poet,
X 404
Champ de Mars, ** massacre” of the (July
17, 1791), vni 200
Champagne, devastation of, ii87; Guise in,
m 32 ; the League in, 661, 663 ; Intendant
retained in, iv 606; Conti Governor of,
608, 614; Spaniards under Turenne in,
618; Cond4 in, 618 sq.; customs of, v
13; Prussian retreat from, vin 534, 551
Ohampagny, Oomte Francois- J.-M.-T, de,
X 500
F. Perrenot de, in 237, 242; Governor
at Antwerp, 245-'6
Jean-Baptiste Nompke de, vn 332
sq.; granted duchy of Oadore, ix 111;
becomes Foreign Minister, 136 ; 141, 195,
245, 247; Minister of Foreign Affairs,
300; 309, 321, 335,359; Napoleon writes
to, 370
Ohampaubert, Bussian repulse at (1814),
IX 547
Champeaux, French ambassador in Spain,
VI 156
Champigny, truce ratified at (1575), iii 28
Champion, Alexander, general, invades
Bohiikhand, vi 569 sq.
Championnet, Jean - Etienne, French
general, viii 429; in Borne (1799), 652;
in Naples, 653, 779 ; 663
Champion’s Hill, Federal victory at (1863),
vn 504
Champlain, Lake, exploration of, vn 72;
80; French troops at, 124 sq., 137 ; and
the United States boundary, 307, 315;
Americans checked on (1813), 341
Samuel de, founder of Quebec, v
684; vn 71 sq.; surrenders Quebec, 74;
75 sq.
Champnol, Emmanuel Cretet, Comte de,
Governor of the Bank of France, ix 117 ;
Minister of the Interior, 186-8; pleni-
potentiary for the French Concordat,
184
Champollion, Jean-Fran(?ois, Egyptologist,
XI 525; xn 845
Chancellor, Bichard, in Bussia, v 512 sq. ;
xn 793
Chanceliorsville, battle of (1863), vn 485 sq.
Chand Bibi, Queen Begent of Ahmadnagar,
VI 512 sq.
Chanda Sahib, Nawab of the Carnatic, vi
533 ; 539 sqq.
Chandernagore, factory at, v 703 ; vi 347 ;
454; French rule in, 534; 644; 552;
captured by the English, 653, 577; 554
Chandler, Edward Barron, Canadian poli-
tician, XI 775
Zachariah, American politician, vii
469, 653
Chandos, Marquis of. See Buckingham
and Chandos, Duke of
Chang Chihtung, Chinese Yiceroy, xn 505;
507; 516
Changama, Haidar Ali defeated at, vi
567
Changarnier , Nicolas - Aime - Th4odule,
French general, xi 110; 119; 125; de-
prived of his command, 132; 134; 136;
XII 106 sq. ; 109
Channel, control of the, m 510-11; Ar-
mada in the (1588), 507, (1597), 529,
(1598), 529-30
Islands, reduction of, iv466; a centre
of English commerce, ix 381
Channing, William Ellery, American Uni-
tarian, vn 738
Chantilly, Duke of Bourbon sent to, vi 144
Chantonnay, captured by the Bepublicans,
vni 353
Thomas Perrenot de, Spanish am-
bassador in France, n 302, 576 ; m 200
Chantries Bill, The (1547), ii 482
Chantry Lands, confiscation of, in Eng-
land, II 502 sq.
General Index.
287
Charrnt, Pierre, PreEcIi ambassador, and
Christina of Sweden, iy 575 sq. ; 787
Clianzy, Antoine -Eugene -Alfred, French
general, xi 605 sq. ; retreats to Le Mans,
607; 60S sq. ; defeated at Le Mans, 610;
,XEi 105
Cliapeiain, Jean, member of French
Academy, iv 156
GhapeEe St liambert, Prussians at, ix. 634,
637
Chaplin, Henry, and bimetallism, xn 50
Ohaplitz, commands a detachment at Briii,
■ IX 502'' sq.''
Chapman, Frederick Henry, in Sweden,
Ti 775
George, in 369, 380
Chaptal, Jean-Antoine, Comte de Chante-
loup, IX 9; 25, 124, 133, 376; experi-
ments of, 377; X 744
Chapu, capture of, xi 809
Chapultepec, fort of, stormed by Scott
(1847), vn 396
Chapuys, Eustace, Imperial ambassador in
England, h 442
Charasia, Afghans defeated at, xii 471
Charbonnerie frangaisef secret society, x
68, 75
Gharbonni^res, taken by Henry IY, iii
417; recaptured by Charles Emmanuel
(1598), 2b.
Charcas '(Upper Peru), proYince of, x 249
CharentoE,. %nod c! (1631), y 743
Charette de ia Contrie, Franqois-Athanase,
Yendean leader, Yin 266 sq., 341 ; deser-
tion of, 353 sqq.; accepts the terms of
peace, 381 sq., 391; executed (1795), 395
“Charitable Conference,’’ at Thorn (1645),
V 743
Charlemont (Armagh), captured (1690), Y
314
(Lidge), fortified by Charles Y, u
89, 102
James Caulfield, 4th Yiscount and
1st Earl of, yi 500 sqq.; yhi 771; and
the Whig Club, ix 693; 695, 701
Charleroi, y 43; restored to Spain, 45;
160; taken by the French (1667), 199;
450; 457 sq. ; siege of (1746), yi 246 sq.;
Jourdan besieges, vni 435 ; Prussians
at, IX 623; Napoleon captures (1815),
625, 626
Charles the Great, Emperor, i 9; the
schools of, 534 sq., 537; y 617
IV, Emperor, and Brandenburg, ? '
621; 633
Y, Emperor (Charles I, King of
Spain), I 46, 96, 318; Spanish revenue
of, 358 ; 368“77 passim ; received as
King in Spain, 369 sq.; the Cortes and,
370 sq.; revolts against, 372 sq. ; 423,
453 sqq.; 457 sq., 477, 486, 490, 519,
658, 685, 691; character of, 378 sq,; see
passim, Yol. n, Chaps, n and in (Habs-
burg and Yalois), and Chaps, v-virr
(Beibrmation and Beligious Wars in
.. Germany), 14, 23-6, 29, 36; possessions
:Of,',37; character of, 38; election of,
'40 sq.; meets Henry YIII (1520), 42,
416,;, (1522), 45, 419; 424, 426; quarrels
.■ with Henry YIII, 429 ; comment of,
■ . on More’s execution, 443; encourages
'Colonial trade, 100 sq.; at the Diet of
Worms (1521), 139-41; dynastic aims
of,'- 143-5, 246-8, 267; effect of reign
of,- on Germany, 145; the Schmalkaldio
War and, 256-61; efforts of, to obtain
a, general Council, 249, 642; Paul III
and, 661; and the Council of Trent,
' 663-70; advice to Mary Tudor of, 518,
522'; 534, . '536 close of 'Career '.and
abdication of, 89 sq., 537; activity of,
against the Turks, m 104 sqq.; sends
letter to Sultan, 109; and Paul III, 110;
expedition of, against Tunis, 111 sqq.;
war of, with Francis I, 113; negotiates
with Barbarossa, 114, 135; with Venice,
115 sq.; Germany and, 145; Archduke
Maximilian and, 166; 168; abdication
of, 182 sq.; and the Netherlands, 184
sqq. ; 189 sq. ; and Italy, 383 sqq. , 392,
395; and Savoy, 40*2; 410; on Castiglione,
464; policy of, 475 sq. ; possessions of,
50$; 540; and Ireland, 581 ; and Jlilich-
Cieves, 716; temper of, 741; v 34; 627;
vx 138; 158; 507; 612; x 269
Charles YI, Emperor (Archduke), and the
Spanish Succession, v 384, 388, 390 sqq,,
401; and Spain, 412; 417; inherits
Habsburg dominions, 419 sq.; 426 sq, ;
in Catalonia, 419 sq. ; 429 ; leaves Spain,
432 ; and peace negotiations before
Utrecht, ib . ; elected Emperor, 434 ; and
Peace of Utrecht, 434, 438 sqq., 450 sq.;
and Peace of Bastatt, 435 sq., 452 sqq. ;
and the Catalans, 445 sq. ; and Peace of
Baden, 454 sq. ; and the Tsarevioh, 539 ;
and Peter the Great, 542; 543; 704;
744; Yi 21; 23; and Great Britain, 25,
37 sqq., 61 sq. ; and Sardinia, 29; SO
sqq.; 35; and Vienna Treaties, 57, 60;
58 sq. ; 91 ; and the Old Pretender, 97 ;
109; 123; and Sicily, 124, 126; 125;
and Dubois, ISl ; and the Spanish claims
in Italy, 138 sqq, ; and the Jacobites, 142 ;
' and Spain, 146 sq., 148 sq.; 151 sqq.;
155; and 'Gbauvelin, 163; 169; and" Os-'
tend Company, 182; and Poland, 193;
and Pragmatic Sanction, 201 sqq., 228;
206 sqq.; 210; Frederick William I
and, 212; 227; 249; and Eussia, 308;
and the Papacy, 586 sqq.; Venice and,
sells Finale, 608 ; 614 sq, ; 640;
646:; 741; 760; death of, 158, 204, 236;
and the Austrian Netherlands, vm
317
— - VII, Emperor (Elector of Bavaria),
V 451; VI 1^; marriage of, 201; and
Pragmatic Sanction, 202; and the Aus-
feian Succession, 228 sqq, ; re^ns Ba-
varia, 236; 238; 240; death of, 241 sq.
ia—2
288
General Index.
Charles I, King of England (Prince of
Wales), scheme of Spanish marriage for,
HI 5C0 sq,, 575 sqq., iv 86 sq., 639 sqq,;
French marriage of, 129 j and the Eoman
Catholics in England, 131 ; and the con-
stitutional struggle (1625-4.0), see Chap,
•vm; during the years 1640-2, see Chap,
, IX; and First Civil War (1642-7), see
Chap, x; and the Presbyterians and
Independents (1645-9), and trial and
death of, see Cnap. xi; 359; suspicious
of the French Government, 378; and
projected conference at Brussels, 396 ; not
represented at Munster or Osnabriick,
403; 434; revives naval activity, 459 sq.;
poverty of, 461 ; naval disorders of reign
of, 462; reign of, and growth of
English commerce, 466 ; 485 ; and Scot-
land, see Chap, xvn; and Ireland, see
Chap, xvin; 639 sq.; Spanish journey
of, 641 sq., 673; and Frederick V, 643,
646; 659; 664; Aerssens sent to, 701;
the Butch and, 702 ; protests against the
“Massacre at Amboina,** 739; and the
East India Company, 746; experiments
of, in colonial government, 748; 754;
and Ireland, v 103; and Portugal, 105;
216; and Scotland, 279 sq., 283 sq., 291;
and the Puritans, 325; 326; 746; vi
795 sq.
II, King of England (Prince of Wales),
at Bristol, iv S28; at Exeter, 333 sq. ;
and Cromwell, 347; and the fleet, 350,
463; Lauderdale and, 351; invited to
Ireland by Ormonde, 436 ; at Worcester,
486; 446; 450; Eiehard Cromwell and,
450 sq. ; 463; in Scotland, 466; pro-
claimed King in Scotland, 509 sqq,; 540;
Treaty of Pyrenees and, 642; Monck
and, 545; parliamentary writs and, 553;
goodwill to, 554; negotiations with, 555
sq, ; the Convention and, 558 ; return of,
659; Irish Confederates and, 532; Irish
peace of 1649 and, 534; expelled from
France, 619; 620 sq,; William II of
Orange and, 724 ; and Algiers, 483 ; 691 ;
policy of (1667-85), Tol. v, Chap, ix;
and the government of Scotland, Chap.
X (2); in Holland, 148; lands at Dover,
280; and Portugal, 34, 105, 107, 148; and
Louis Xiy, 37, 40, 42, 44 sqq., 105 sq.,
109, 154; and United Provinces, 37,
43 sqq., 107, 178 sq.; restoration and
policy of, 92 sq.; 94; 96; 98; and re-
ligious toleration, 99 sqq., 329, 338 sq.;
and Clarendon, 101 sq., 114; and Spain,
104 sq. ; marriage of, 105; and Prince
of Orange, 107, 158, 163 ; and the Butch
war, 108 sq.; financial difficulties of,
110 sqq.; and the peace negotiations,
112 sq.; and the army, 113, 265; and
the Parliament, 114 sq.; 124; Bidden
and, 134 sqq. ; and Bishop of Miinater,
150, 182 ; and Triple Alliance, 154, 191 ;
and Treaty of Dover, 154, 156;, 177;
and the fleet, 178, 187 sq. ; declares war
against Butch (1665), 180, (1672), 191;
187; 190; 197; and Ireland, 301 sqq.,
310; religion of, 331; 359; and Dun-
kirk, 442; 650; and Brazil, 675; and
colonial affairs, 690; and East India
Company, 697 ; and Hobbes, 751 ; death
of, 230, 288; vi 6; 791; 808; and
■Virginia, vn 9; and New Netherlands,
38 sq.; and Acadia, 75
Charles V, King of France, i 384, 389, 392 ;
communes suppressed by, 398, 411, 505,
657
VI, King of France, i 259, 384, 409,
414
vn, King of France, i 107, 384 sq. ;
the Popes and, 386-7; 396, 400, 403;
taxation under, 404 sqq. ; 411, 413, 480,
636; n 36
VIII, King of France, i 86, 107;
Italian expedition of, 108-18, 229 sq.,
303, 564, 575; Florence and, 155, 228;
170; Pisa and, 191; 362, 384, 392;
marries Anne of Britanny, 395, 450,
467; 401, 411, 413, 445, 467, 672; v 483
IX, King of France, accession of, ii
299, 302, 581; Geneva and, 373; in 7;
marriage of, 15, 177; and England, 16
sq. ; and St Bartholomew, 19 ; and Mary
Queen of Scots, 276, 282 sq.; and the
Netherlands, 230 sqq.; and Cosimo I,
390; death of, 24, 406; 484; 591^
X, King of France (Gharles-Philippe,
Comte d’Artois), vi 656; vni 81, 117;
emigrates (1789), 165; accused of high
treason, 221 ; expedition of, to the
Vendde, 395; 398, 495, 555; ix 3; 28,
30 ; enters Paris, 560 ; made Lieutenant-
Governor, 561; views of, 566; 568 sq.; x
13; 41; 44; 49; and army reforms, 55;
tries to force a Boyalist policy, 56;
58; decline of the influence of, 60; 62;
65; 67; and Eiehelieu, 63, 70; 65; 67;
71; accession of (1824), 85; and com-
pensation for the emigrSSy 71, 85 sq. ;
and the Church, 87 ; consecration of, 87
sq.; 90; appoints Martignac to succeed
ViMe, 92; and Martignac, 93 sq. ; and
the Polignac ministry, 96-8; character
and policy of, 97; 98; and the address
of the Liberal deputies, 99; publishes
ordinances of July 25, 1830, ib.; 162;
and the Greek Question, 189, 193 ; Metter-
nieh and, 371; and Eevolution of 1830,
476; 477 sq.; 481 sq.; 486; xi 22; 682
II, King of Naples, i 108
Ill (the Little), Prince of Barazzo,
King of Naples and Hungary, i 108
King of Eoumania, xi 645 sq.; xn
341; 387 sq.; 397; 410; 414
King of the Two Sicilies, See
Charles III, King of Spain
II, King of Spain, character and
rule of, v 34 sq.; marriages of, t6.; 45;
49; 62; and William of Orange, 244;
G-eneral Index.
289
S38; 349; accession of, 373; admlnis-.
tration under, 374 sqq.; 377; mfirmity
of, 379 sq. ; 381 ; 38B ; and the succes-
sion, 384 sq., 391 sq. ; death of, 393;
will of, 392 sqq., 401; 395; 459; 523;
591; and League of Augsburg, 655;
659; 664; 686
Charles III, King of Spain (and of the Two
Sicilies) (Don Carlos), vi 62 ; 126 ; Italian
claims of, 138 sqq. ; 147 sq. ; succeeds
to duchy of Parma, 149 sqq.; 152;
conquers Naples, 153 ; 155 ; marriage of,
156 ; 167 ; 202; the Two Sicilies ceded to,
203 ; 237 sq. ; 241 ; 342 ; and the Family
Compact, §44 ; 346 ; 351 ; 363 ; reign
of, in Spain, 366 sqq.; 443; 588; and
Benedict XIY, 590; and the Jesuits,
592 sqq.; rule of, in Naples, 596 sqq.;
death of, 382; yiu 778, 782; x 142;
206; and reforms in Spanish America,
274 sq.
IV, King of Spain (Prince of the
Asturias), vr 366; 374; 381; 384; ym
189, 782; ix 72; 302, 428; arrests his
son Ferdinand, 429; and the revolution
of Aranjuez, 430 sqq. ; forced abdication
of, 433; X 232; 283; and Mexico, 303
VIII (Karl Knudson), King of Sweden
and Norway, ii 600
IX, King of Sweden, n 630, 632 sq. ;
Sweden delivered by, iv 158; 160 sq.,
164; organises a revolt, 165; rule of,
166 sq. ; 169 sq.; concludes Peace of
Teusin, 171; attacks Finland, 172; be-
comes King, 173; invades Livonia, 174;
government of, 175 sq. ; death of, 177;
178; 179; martial reign of, 180; 183 ;
565; patriarchal government of, 568;
576; V 578
X Gustavus, King of Sweden, at
Prague, iv 394 ; 426; accession of, 427,
576; at Warsaw, 428; first Danish war
of, 429; second Danish war of, 432;
England and, 429, 541 ; reign of, 576-91 ;
620 ; and Baltic struggle, v 146 sq. ; and
Denmark, 344, 562 ; and Poland, 344,
349, 505 ; 558 ; and the succession, 563 ;
and Hetman Chmielnicki, 599; 643;
death of, iv 433, 689, v 147, 344; vi
664
XI, King of Sweden, v 49; 527;
563; government of, 567; 568; and war
of Scania, 569 sq.; and peace treaties
of 1679, 571 ; character of, 572 ; and his
advisers, 573 sq. ; and “Beduetion*'* of
1680, 57-4 sqq.; domestic policy of, 676
sqq. ; and Gottorp, 580 ; and Charles XII#
584 sq. ; and Patkul, 586; and League
of Augsburg, 655 ; death of, 576, 579, 584
XII, King of Sweden, v 417; 527;
572; birth of, 576; 579; and Denmark,
580 sqq. ; invades Norway, 683 ; character
and training of, 584 sq. ; coronation of,
685; 586; and Duke of Gottorp, 580,
* 687; and the great Northern War, 587
sqq. ; at Narva, 588 sq. ; and Augustus II,
589, 592; invades Poland, 592; and
Stanislaus Leszczynski, 593; Treaty of,
with Augustus II, 695 ; and the Eussian
peace overtures, 596 ; ..enters. ' Grodno,
597; at Holowczvn, 598; and Mazepa,
599 sq,; in the Ukraine, 600; defeated
at Poltawa, 601; in Turkey, 602 sqq.;
. at Bender, 606; rejects neutrality com--
pact, 607; 680; and “Stettin Seques-
tration,” 609; at Stralsund, 610 sq. ;
and the third anti-Swedish league, 611 ;
in Scania, 612; and peace negotiations
with Bussia, 613 sq. ; 659 ; and Frederick I
of Prussia, 666 sq. ; death of, 583, 614,
VI 34, 104 ; ib. 23 sqq. ; 33 sqq. ; and the
Old Pretender, 97; and the Jacobites,
104; 125; 192; and Stanislaus Leszczyn-
ski, 193, 196; 206; 695; 735; 741
Charles XIII, Eng of Sweden (Duke of
Sudermania), vi 779 ; vm 789 ; xz 37~8 ;
823, 329 ; xi 677 ; xn 281
XIV, King of Sweden (Jean-Baptiate-
Jules Bernadotte), Marshal of France,
vin 581 sq., 642; French Minister of
War, 671, 673 sq., 676 sq. ; and Bru-
maire, 678, 681 ; ix 21-2 ; commander of
1st French army corps, 252 ; marches to
Wurzburg, 253; marches to Munich, 254;
on Ingolstadt, 255; on Salzburg, 256;
pursues Kutusoff, 257 ; at Iglau, 258 ; or-
dered from Iglau, 260 ; at Austeriitz, 261 ;
receives Ponte Gorvo, 111 ; 268, 274; de-
feats Tauenzien, 275; at Jena, 276; at
Naumburg, 277 ; at 2ehdenick, 279 ; pur-
sues Bliioher, 280; at Thom, 284; at
Mohrungen, 285 ; 287; at Hamburg, 296;
in Holstein, 298; 303; in Zeeland, 300;
313 ; choice of, as Prince Eoyal of Sweden,
321 sqq.; in Jutland, 322; commands
the French army, 858; becomes Prince
Boyai of Sweden {August, 1810), 379;
relations of, with Alexander, 487 ; joins
Allies, 521 ; and Beicbenbach plan,
522; character of, 525; attacks Oudinot,
526; at Dennewitz, 530; crosses the
Elbe, 532; 533; at Leipzig, 588; and
the invasion of France, 542; 543; be-
sieges Hamburg, 544 ; and French throne,
555; and Congress of Vienna, 582;
loses Ponte Gorvo, 652; ambitions of,
661 ; and European concert, x 19, 36 ;
XI 677 ; character and infiuence of,
678 sq, ; constitutional position of, 680 ;
Norwegian policy of, 681 ; foreign policy
of, 682 sqq. ; and the Tsar Nicholas, 684;
domestic policy of, 684 sqq. ; death of,
686; 688; xii 274; 282
XYi King of Sweden, character and
reign of, xi 688 sqq. ; death of, 690 ; xii
278 sq. ; and Norway, 282 sq.
— - Archduke (of Austria), 3rd son of
Leopold II, VI 656; vni 336, 497, 579;
in Italy, 581 sq.; 634; at Stockaoh,
655 sq., 661, 663; ix 56; 68, 247, 250;
290
General Index.
oommander of the army of Italy, 250
sqq. ; escapes to Bohemia, 255 ; in Italy,
257; retreat of, before Mass^na, 258;
259; advice of, to Emperor Erancis,
262 ; interview with Napoleon, ih,\ army
gathered in Bohemia under, 283 ; policy
of, 288; 342, 343; Minister of War in
1805, 346; operations of, 347-55; 359,
580 ; X 357 ; 473 ; and the Belgian throne,
539 ; XI 152
Charles, Archduke {of Styria), and marriage
with Mary Queen of Scots, ii 586 sq. ;
III 165 sqq., 268, 698 sqq.
Prince of Wales. Bu Charles I and
Charles II, Kings of England
Albert, King of Sardinia, x 114 sqq.;
reforms by, 123; 129; 142; d’Azeglio
and, XI 66 ; 70 sq. ; 75 sq. ; 78 ; grants
Constitution, 80; and the war with
Austria, 82 sqq. ; and Italian Federation,
90; 121; 207; abdication of, 366; 367;
379; 545; 647; and Pius IX, 706;
death of, 93
Albert, Elector of Bavaria. See
Charles YII, Emperor
Edward, Prince (the Young Pre-
tender), VI 74; 91; 106; at Paris, 110;
in Scotland, 111 sqq.; in England, 114;
character of, 116; retreats to France,
117; 160; 249; 817; death of, 118;
X 625
Emmanuel HE, King of Sardinia
(Prince of Piedmont), v 432 ; vi 30 ; and
the war with Austria, 152 sqq.; and
Preliminaries of Vienna, 155 ; 159 sqq, ;
and Maria Theresa, 236 sq. ; 239 ; 241 ;
243 sqq. ; and Peace of Aix-Ia-Chapelle,
249 ; 362 ; 366 ; and the Papacy, 589 ;
608 sq.
Emmanuel IV, King of Sardinia, vin
644, 654, 660 sq.; ix 41 ; 71, 73, 79
Emmanuel, Bake of Savoy. See
Savoy
Felix, King of Sardinia, x 116-7;
123
Gustavus, Count Palatine, See
Charles X Gustavus, King of Sweden
Charles-Louis, Infante, son of the Prince of
Parma, claims of, to Tuscany, ix 602
Charles, Philip of Sweden, Duke of Sdder-
maniand, iv 176 sq.; death of, 183
the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. See
Burgundy
Madame de, ii 97
Charleston (South Carolina), founded, vn
35 ; threatened by Prevost, 219 ; siege of
(1780), 222 sq.; Leslie at, 227 ; evacuated
(1781), 231,307; population of, 359; and
the Tariff, 376, 382; and slavery, 387;
Democratic National Convention at (1860),
445; forts of, 446 sqq.; Sherman cap-
tures (1865), 529, 552; 551; Federal
attack on (1863), 553 sq.; naval opera-
tions at, 565; banks of, 610; blockade-
running at, 620
Charlestown, settlement of, vn 16; forti-
fied, 17
Charlet, Nicolas-Toussaint, x 489; xi 24
Charlevoix, Pierre Franqois Xavier de, vn
90, 93, 103
Charlotte, Empress of Mexico, xi 484
Tsaritsa of Bussia, v 538
Princess, daughter of George IV,
engagement of, ix 690, x 541
Sophia, Queen of Great Britain,
consort of George III, vi 434; 474 sq.;
IX 690
Oharlottenburg, convention signed at (1806),
IX 282
Charlottetown, Confederation conference
at, XI 770
Charnacd, Baron Hercule-Girard de, agent
of Eiehelieu, iv 117; missions of, 135,142 ;
mediator between Poland and Sweden,
187, 192; in Sweden, 194; Treaty of
Barwalde and, 198; sent to Munich, 210;
succeeded by d’Avaux, 402
Charnock, Job, founder of Calcutta, v
699
Bichard, Prior of St Mary’s, Ox-
ford, I 643
Oharoiais, and Treaty of the P3a'enees, iv
620
Charpentier, Jean de, geologist, xi 260
Charras, Jean-Baptiste- Adolphe, French
officer, XI 113; 136
Charron, Pierre, m 70
Charterhouse, James II and the, v 335
Charters, fort at, xii 639
Chartism, rise of, x 681 sqq.; the Charter
itself, 683 sq. ; decline of, xi 19
Chartiey, Mary in custody at, iii 291
Chartres, siege of (1591), iii 60; assembly
at, 659; coronation of Henry IV at
(1594), 662; German force at, xi 607
Chaiies-Fran^ois de Monstiers de
M4rinviile, Bishop of, vi 162
Jean-Baptiste J. de Lubersac, Bishop
of, vm 156; 179
Philip, Due de. See Orleans, Louis
Philippe Joseph, Due de
Duke of (son of the Begent Orleans).
See Orleans, Louis, Duke of
Sieur de Ferri5res-Maligny, Yidame
de, Huguenot intriguer, iii 3, 15, 19
Chase, Salmon Portland, vn 428 sq., 445;
Secretary of Treasury, 450, 568 sqq.,
599, 607; Chief Justice, 546, 633 sq.,
653
Ohashniki, Wittgenstein’s advance to, ix
501
Chassd, Baron David Hendrik, Dutch
general, x 637; 543
Chasseloup-Laubat, Justin-N.-S.-P., Mar-
quis de, xii 131
Ohassin, Charles-Louis, French journalist,
xr 488
Chaste, Aymard de, admiral for Don An-
tonio, in 501
Ohastel, Jean, m 664
General Index.
291
Cbastelain, Georges, historian, i 415, 4B3
Chastelard, Pierre de Boscobel de, m
263
Chasteler, J. G. J. A., Marquis du. See
Du Chasteler
Cliateaubriaud, Franqois-Auguste, Yicomte
de, vr 40; 826; 830 sqq. ; x 4; Le gSnie
dll christianisme, ix 130 sq., 188, x 5,
53, 100; MSflexions politiqtteSf 43; 44;
47; 40; La Monarchie selon la Ckarte,
51; 55; and the Bebats^ 59; 60; states
the demands of the Ultras, 62; 63;
ambassador in Berlin, 68; Influence
of, 72; policy of, in Berlin, 73; ambas-
sador in London, 74; advocates a war
policy, 79; and Congress of Yerona, ib.;
Minister of Foreign Aflairs, ih.; dis-
missed, 80 ; 82 ; opposes Yill^le’s financial
scheme, 83, 86; 89; and Yiil^le, 90 sq.;
and literature of Eestoration, 100 sqq* ;
Les Martyrs^ 100, xi 523; x 103; am-
bassador in Eome, 153 sq. ; confession
of faith of, 159; and Spanish affairs,
225 sq. ; 230; and Spanish America,
309; 490; 494; 508; 514; xi 508; 519;
528; xn 829
Chdteaubriant, Treaty of (1487), i 393
Chateau- Goatier, battle at, vm 355
Chateanneuf, Catholic army at, in 11
Charles d’Aubespine, Marquis of,
imprisonment of, iv 142 ; excluded from
general amnesty, 693; and the Duchess
of Ghevreuse, 596; exiled, 607; and the
House of Conde, 609 ; recalled, 612; 613;
dismissal of, 614 sq. ; death of, 618
Paul de PHdpital, Marquis de,
French ambassador at St Petersburg,
VI 322
Pierre-Antoine de Castagneres, Mar-
quis de, French Minister at the Hague,
V 610
Chdteauroux, Madame de, vi 330
Chdteau-Thierry, granted to John Oasimir,
in 30; Allies at, ix 547
Ghdteau-Yieux, mutiny of regiment of, vin
192, 226
Chateiet, Fiorent-Louis-Marie, Due de, vin
162, 179
Ohatelherault, Assembly of (1605), m
681-2
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran,
Duke of, II 454; made Eegent of Scot-
land, 456 sq. ; treaty of with Henry YIII,
458, 460; regency, 655-9; 573 sq., 575;
m 261-S, 270
Chater Sing, Sikh officer, xi 741
Chatham, v 169; Dutch attack on (1667),
150 sq., 154, 188
John Pitt, 2nd Earl of, vin 294,
297; lieutenant-general, commander of
Waicheren expedition, ix 239, 358; and
Catholic emancipation, 678; 681, 682
William Pitt, 1st Earl of, Vol, yi,
Chap, xni (1); 40; 42; 66; 62; 71;
early years of, 73; advent to power of,
74 sqq.; 81; 87; 263; ,272;, Frederick
the Great and, 298, 324, 328; policy of,
in the Seven . Years’ War, 342a sqq,
(in Vol. 'xin) ; . and the negotiations with
France, 343, 345,, 425 sq.; fall of, 346;
352 ; ■ 365 ; 367 sq. ; 423 sqq. ; and Peace
of Paris,, 429 ; 430; and Wilkes, 431;
and colonial policy, 433 ; 434 sq. ; created
Earl, 436; administration of, 436 sqq.;
■ resigns, 439; 442; and America, 447;
■ 448; 450; and Heform, 465; and Indian
affairs, 567; Clive and, 570; 597; in
power (1757), vii 181 sq., 137, 146 sq.;
and Stamp Act, 150; 152; retirement of,
154; 155 ; 162; x 599; 605; 703
Chatillon, the family of, ra 6, B
Gaspard III de Coligny, Marshal de,
at Maestricht, iv 697
Isabelle de Blontmorencj, Duchess
of, influence of, on Gond^, iv 609, 616;
exiled, 617
— — Odet de Coligny, Cardinal de. Bishop
of Beauvais, Archbishop of Toulouse, ir
300; III 11
See also Coligny and D’Andelot
Chouan leader in Anjou, ix 2; 14
Chdtillon-sur-Seine, Conference at (1814),
IX 481, 546 sqq., 552, 577, x 9
Chatillon-sur-Stoe, Westermana defeated
at, vm 353
Chattanooga, Buell ordered to, vn 500 sq.,
506; Confederates at, 508; evacuated,
509 ; Eosecrans blockaded in, 510 sq.;
battle of, 512 sq., 616; and the campaign
of the West, 520; 551
Chatter ton, Thomas, poet, vi 831; 832; x
698; 710
Chaumette, Pierre- Gaspard, Vice-President
of the Conseil General of the Commune,
vm 251 ; Procureur^ 252, 338, 349, 356,
359
Ciiaumont, Treaty of (1814), vii 366, tx
550, 576 sqq., 589, 605, 646, 666-7, x
7, 9, 11, 16, 481, 519
Marquis de. See Amboise
Ghauncey, Isaac, American naval officer,
vn 341
Chauvelin, Franqois-Bernard, Marquis de,
French ambassador, viii 296 sqq., 301
sqq.; ordered to leave England, 305; x 91
Germain-Louis de, French Foreign
Minister, vi 147; 149; 156; 160; career
of, 162 sq. ; disgrace of, 163
Chaux de Fonds, Eepublzcan movement
in, XI 253
Chaves, Soult crosses the Portuguese border
near, ix 449
Friar Di^go de, confessor of Philip IL
in 518
Manuel de Silveyra Pinto de Fon-
seca, Marquis de, x 321
Chavigny, L4on Le Bouthillier, Comte de,
rival of Mazarin, iv 593; driven from,
the Council by les Importants^ 596 ; im-
prisoned, 607 ; attached to Condd, 609 ;
292
General Index.
reappears at Court, 612 ; Chief Minister,
614; removed, 615; death of, 617 s<i.
Cbavigny, French diplomatist, vi 615
Chazal, Jean-Pierre, member of the Con-
vention, vni 515, 677, 684, 686
Chebreiss, repulse of the Mamelukes at
(1798), vm 601
Chechen river, Eussian troops on, xii 581
Chefkin, Constantine, xi 614
Oheke, Sir John, Greek professor at Cam-
bridge, I 580, 581; committed to the
Tower, ii 518
Chekboff, Anton P., Eussian poet, xn 317
Ghelm, diocese of, x 449; added to West
Prussia (1815), 463
Chelmsford, Frederic Augustus Thesiger,
2nd Lord, xn 35
ChelnokoS, and Eussian economic reform,
XII 327
Ohemin, Nicholas, dn, Calvin and, ii 352
Chemistry, history of. See Science
Chemnitz, Ban5r defeats Archduke Leopold
William near, rr 879; Austrians in, vi
297
Friedrich, poet, xi 412
Martin, theologian, ii 714; in 704
Philip Bogislav von, Swedish historio-
grapher, sent to Nuroberg, iv 216; and
J>e ratione status in Imperioj 384
Chemulpo, Bussia and, xii 507; 522; 579;
Eussian ships captured at, 580; 581
Ch^nedoUd, Charles Julien Pioult de, xx 132
Cbing-Kwang Hail, at Peking, xii 504
»Cheng4u-fu, travellers at, xn 797
Chenier, Andr4- Marie de, poet, vi 834;
XI 520; 549
Marie-Joseph de, poet, Finelon^ vi
823; vm 28, 366, 387; Theophilan-
thropist, 501; 515
Chenonceau, meeting of Lon John and the
Queen>Mother at, iii 31
Cherasco, Peace of (1631), rv 60, 115, 117,
138, 226; and Treaty of Westphalia,
405; armistice of (1796), vm 567
Cherbourg, British attacks on (1758), vi
3425 (in VoL xiii); port improvements
at, IX 120; French flotilla at, 209; xi
31; naval works at, 332; 582; 587
Cherchen, Eussian explorer at, xn 799;
803
Ghereia, Oudinot at, ix 501
Cheritoa (near Alresford), Eoyalists de-
feated at, lY 823
Oherkasky, Alexander, Prince, at Astrakhan,
v 644
Alexis, Prince, v 657 ; councillor, vi
303
Vladimir, Prince, xi 615; 629; xn
298; 336
Cherkesses, The, and Eussia, xi 274
Chernaieff, Michael, Eussian general, xi
630 sq. ; Commander of Servian army,
xn 386
Chernaya Bolins, Tartars repulsed at, vi
SOS
Chernaya Napa, Swedish reverse at (1708),
V 598
river, battle on, xi 33*2; 373
Chernigofl, annexed by Ivan the Great,
V 479 sq. ; 504 ; trade depression in, xn
319; 322; 327; disorder in, 353
Prince of, v 481
Cherniskevsky, Nicholas, Eussian socialist,
XI 630 ; XII 296 sq. ; 302
Ohernuishef, Count Zachary, general in
Seven Tears’ War, vi 294, 299, 326,
328; and Poland, 668 sq., 671; 697;
731
Chernyshefl, Eussian Minister of War
(1830), X 465
Cherson, Catharine II at, vm 315
Cherfckoff, Governor-General of Kief, xii
307
Cherubini, M. L. C. Z. S., ix 135
Chesapeake and Leopard, naval fight, vii
329 sqq., 333 sqq.
and Shannon, naval fight, vii 342
Chesapeake Bay, French fleet defeats the
English at (1781), vi 453, vn 230; in the
Civil War, 452, 470
Cheshire, petitions to Parliament from,
IV 291; Boyalist rising in, 540
Chesnelong, Pierre- Charles, French poli-
tician, XII 109; 116
Ohesney, Francis Bawdon, General, x 558
Chester, James II and Tyrconnel at, v 307;
William III sails from, 313 ; Fenians in,
XI 344
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th
Earl of, v 70; VI 70; 77; 79; 84; vm
21
Ch4tardie, Mrirquis de La. See La Ch4tardie
Chevalier, Etienne, French Minister, i
409
■ Michel, political economist, xi 298;
470; 637
Chevaliers de la Liberti, x 68
Chevert, French officer, at Prague, vi 236
Chevreul, Michel Eugene, ix 133
Chevreuse, Marie de Bohan, Duchess of,
marriage of, to Luynes, iv 125; exiled,
131; and Chateauneuf, 142; excluded
from general amnesty, 593; returns to
Paris, 596; 597; De Betz and, 609;
offended by 0ond4, 612
Oheynell, Francis, and Chillingworth, v
746
Ohiabrera, Gabriello, Italian poet, v 69
Ohiana, ¥al di, drainage of, vi 603
Chiaramonti, Gregorio Bernabd. See Pius
VII, Pope
Ohiari, Imperial army at, v 402
Chiasso, French army feints a crossing at,
IX 61
Ghiavenna, early history of, rv 35 sq.; 44
sqq.; march of Feria on, 55 sq.; 58;
Treaty of Monzon and, 59; Eohan and,
61; sovereignty of the Grisons in, 63;
ceded to Austria, ix 660
Chiavone, Italian brigand, xi 531
General Index.
293
Chicago, growth of, vn 444; National Be-
puhlican Convention at (1860), 445;
labour disturbance at, 669 sq., 707
Chichegofif, General, Governor of Blago-
vestehensk, xii 521
Chicheiey, Sir John, Bear- Admiral, v 196
Chieh4rin, Bnssian politician, xn Bll sq.
Chichester, William Chiiiingworth at, v 746
Arthur, Baron Chichester of Belfast,
Lord Deputy of Ireland, 1603-15, in 588,
612-6; nobility of the Pale and, iv 515 sq.
Chickahominy river, McClellands operations
on, vn 475 sqq.
CMckamauga, battle of (1863), vn 509 sqq.
Chickasaw Bayou, unsuccessful assault on
(1862), vn 502
Chico, Francisco, chief of the Madrid police,
XI 560
Chieregati, Francesco, papal nuncio in
Germany, n 32, 170
Cbieri, retained by France (1559), n 94,
in 400
Chi^vres. See Croy
Ghifanoja (E Schifanoya), Venetian am-
bassador to England, in 264
Chifu, negotiations at, xn 501; 512; 514
Chigi, Agostino, and Leo X, n 10, 14; 17
Fabio, Cardinal. See Alexander VII,
■ Pope
Chikuzen, daimid of, xi 846
governor of, dismissed, xi 865
Child, Sir Francis, banker, v 266
Sir John, Governor of Bombay, v
698 sq.
Sir Josia, chairman of East India
Company, v 699 sqq.
Childers, Hugh C. E., Chancellor of Ex-
chequer, xn 41
Chili, the Spaniards in, v 683; Bepublic
of, vn 368; trade of, with California,
402; and the United States, 649, 666;
British expedition to, ix 753 ; administra-
tion of, X 248 sq. ; negroes in, 260 ; the
Indians in, 268; French settlers in, 276;
revolutionary developments in, 278, 282 ;
independent government formed in (1811-
2), 287 ; recovered by Peru (1816), 290;
invasion of, by San Martin (1817), 291 sq. ;
Lord Cochrane’s services to, 292; royalists
suppressed in (1830), 295; histoiy of,
after 1830, 300 sq. ; independence of,
recognised by United States, 308; Mastai-
Ferretti (Pius IX) in, xi 72; xn 672;
a^airs in (1833-1902), 677 sqq. ; 684 ;
689 sq.; foreign capital in, 694; arbi-
tration by, 722
(China), disturbances in, xn 517
Ghilianwaia, battle at, xi 741
Chiiiingworth, William, supports Laud,
IV 280; 320; v 326; 332; 745 sqq,
Chiloe, X 277 ; surrenders to Chilians (1826),
295
Chimkent, Russian capture of, xi 630
Chin Xiang, attack on foreigners at, xn
517
China, Dutch trade with, in 638; tea
brought to Europe from, iv 712 ; route to,
V 512; Eussia and, 544 ; U.S. treaty with
(1868), VII 635, (1880), 649 ; South Ameri-
can trade with, x 255 ; British trade with,
760; intercourse of, with Western Powers,
Vol. XI, Chap. XXVIII (1); 259; Treaty
of, with Bussia (1858), 273; England and
France and, 308 ; Napoleon III and, 476 ;
and Japan, 823 sq. ; a^^airs in (1858-
1909), xn 500 sqq.; 4; 9 sqq.; war of,
with Japan, 52 ; and France, 131 sq. ;
345; 485; and Tibet, 490, 492; Indian
troops in, 493; 49$; and Annam, 524 sqq.;
543; Japan and, 552, 557 sq.; and the
Macao coolie trade, 555 ; 556 ; and Korea,
567, 569 sq. ; and Formosa, 572 ; treaty
of, with Russia (1902), 576 ; 625; 644;
761 ; exploration in, 792 ; 793 ; Russian
trade with, 795; the unveiling of, 796 sqq.;
801 sqq.
Company (French), vr 173; 503
Sea, Russian fieet in, xii 599
Chincha Islands, Spanish occupation of,
xii 678
Chinchon, Count of, Councillor of Philip II,
m 514
Ching, Prince, xii 520
Chingis Khan. See Genghis Khan
Chinhai, capture of, xi 809
Chinhat, Sir Henry Lawrence at, xi 748
Chining Chow, missionaries murdered near,
xn 513
Chinkiang, attack on, xi 809
Chinnampo, Japanese troops at, xn 581,,
585
Chinon, Catholic force at, ni 11
Ohinsura, capitulation of (1769), v 697,
VI 556, 558
Chioggia, War of, between Genoa and
Venice, i 258 sq.; 264
Bishop of (Jacopo Nacchianti), ii 660
Chios, attacked by the Venetians, v 365
Chippenham election petition, vi 72
Chippewa, American victory at (1814), vn
343
Chisholm of Strathgiass, vi 105
Chitral, annexed by Great Britain, xii 52,
487; 458; 489; 802
Chittagong, xi 727 sq.
Chitu, leader of Sin&ia levy, xi 725 sq.
Ohiulien-ch’^ng, Chinese retreat from, xn
511
Chivasso, retained by France (1559), ii 94,
in 400
Ohiverny, Philippe Hurault, Comte de,
Chancellor of France, in 42, 44
Chlapovski, Stanislas, Polish general, x 472
Chlopicki, Joseph, Polish general, and the
Polish revolution, x 465 sqq.
Chlum, Prussian army at, vx 242; 279
Chmel, Josef, Austrian historian, xn 829
Chmieinicki, Theophilus or Bogdan, Cos-
sack leader, iv 680; Hetman of Little
Russia, ¥ 504 sq.; 699
294
G-eneral Indeos.
Choate, Biifus, American lawyer, vn 744
Chobrakit. See Chebreiss
Choczim. Bee Khoczim
Chodkiewicz, Jan, Palatine of Samogitia,
in 89
John Charles (son of Jan), Polish
general, iv 174 sq. ; in Livonia, 176;
heroic defence of Khoczim by, 189
Choiseul, Cesar, Bac de, Sietxr du Plessis-
Praslin, Marshal of France, in Italy,
601 ■■■
Btienne-Fran^ois, Due de, French
Minister of Foreign Ailairs, vi 323 sq* ;
330 ; 341 sqq. ; and the Family Compact,
344 sq. ; 346 sq. ; and the Jesuits, 348,
592; foreign policy of, 349 sqq.; 353;
Polish policy of, 354 ; fall of, 355 sqq. ;
358 sq. ; and Spain, 307 sq. ; 373 ; and
the negotiations with England, 418, 425
sqq. ; and Corsica, 439 ; 594 sq. ; vn 97 ;
viii 51, 82, 400
Count de, at Vienna, vi 343
Choiseul- Praslin, Buc de, French Minister
of Foreign Af airs, vi 348
Choiseul-Bomanes, Madame de, vi 341
Choisy, de. State Councillor, at Breisach,
IV 382
French officer, vi 355
Oholat, Franqois-Joseph-Eug^ne, French
politician, xi 136
Cholet, Eepubiican siege of, vni 354
Ohoimley, Sir Hugh, betrays Scarborough
Castle, IV 313
Sir Eoger, Lord Chief Justice, n 518
Choshiu, clan and d<iimid$ of, Yol. xr, Chap.
xxviii (2) passim ; xii 551 sq., 562
Ohotek, Count Eudolph Christian, Ghanceh
lor of Bohemia and Austria, vi 639
Ohotusitz, battle of, vi 234 sq.
Ckouam, The, ix 2; in the West, 13;
suppression of, 16 sq.
Chouet, Eobert, Cartesian philosophy and,
IV 791
Chow Han, Chinese writer, xii 516
Ohrapovitzki, Alexander Wassiijewitch, pri«
vate secretary to Catharine II, vi 699
Ghrestien, Florent, in 69
Chretien, Michael, and Gallioanism, v 76
Christ Church (Oxford), founded by Wolsey,
n 434
Christensen, Jens Christian, Banish states-
man, XII 293
Christian Brothers, French religious associa-
tion (1680), V 79
Union, of Swiss Catholic States
(1527), II 329 sq.
Christian I (of Oldenburg), King of Den-
mark, Norway and Sweden, ii 600 ; Duke
of Schleswig and Count of Holstein, 601 ;
accession of, xv 563 ; xi 226
n, King of Denmark, Norway and
Sweden, ii 144 ; Lutheranism adopW by,
169 ; 203 ; 217 ; defeated by Liibeek,
228 sq.; Keformation in Denmark and,
601-8; Stoclholm Blodbad and, 604;
flight of, 608; attempted restoration of,
614; IV 158
Christian III (Duke of Schleswig and Hol-
stein), King of Denmark and Norway, ii 77,
220, *229 sqq., 250, 444; becomes Lutheran,
611; and the struggle for the Crown, 614 ;
accession of, 615; the Eeformation in
Denmark under, 615 sq. ; reign of, in
Norway, 619 ; peasant servitude and, iv
562 ; partition of Schleswig-Holstein and,
563; 564
lY, King of Denmark, and James I,
in 569, 572 ; 644 ; 655 ; visions of, iv 6 ;
8 ; and German Protestantism, 26, 33, 70 ;
and the war of 1623-9, 85-109 passim,
191; Eicheiieu’s grant to, 129; seeks
peace, 135 ; war of, with Sweden, 176 sq.,
179 ; and Gustavus Adolphus, 179 sq.,
182 sq., 186, 194, 211, 560; and the
Peace of Liibeek, 192 ; oflers mediation
at Danzig, 193 ; John George of Saxony
and, 225 ; 283 ; 365 ; mediates at Ham-
burg, 387, 396; and at Osnabriick, 398,
402; signs Peace of Bromsebro, 390;
minority of, 564 ; character of, 565 ;
relations of, with Sweden, 566 ; failure
of, as reformer, 567; 568; 570; heroism
of, 571; decline of, 572 sq. ; death of,
673 ; 585 ; 676 ; compelled to lower
Sound dues, 703; 706; vi 735
Y, King of Denmark, accession and
character of, v 561 ; war of, with Sweden,
44, 568, 570; and the Treaty of Fon-
tainebleau, 571 ; 578 sq.
YI, King of Denmark, vi 738 sq. ;
741 sq.
YII, King of Denmark, vi 742 sqq. ;
746 sqq.; 755; vm 279; ix 48
YIII, King of Denmark, xi 226; and
the crown of Norway, 680 sq. ; accession
and reign of, 693 sq. ; death of, 64
IX, Prince of Glucksburg, afterwards
King of Denmark, named successor by
the London Conference, xi 226 sq. ; 338 ;
and Schleswig-Holstein, 438 sq., 696 ; 641;
XII 292 sq.
Prince of Denmark, death of (1647),
IV 673
Cistercian monk, first bishop of
Prussia, v 629
Ckristianae Beligianis Imtitutio, by John
Calvin, ii 287 sq., 356 sqq., 363, 376
Christiania, occupied by the Swedes, v 583 ;
Charles XIY in, xi 681 ; 688 ; Umversity
of, 700
ChHstianismi Restitutio, of Servetus, n
411
Christianopel, Peace of (1645), iv 572
Ohristiansborg, Slave Coast station, v 691
Christianstadt, Scanian fortress, vi 770
Christie, Charles, traveller in Asia, xii 800
Thomas, writer, viii 758
Christina, Queen of Sweden, birth of, iv
186; accession of, 223; Oxenstierna and,
224; instructions of Gustavus and, 220;
Gmeral Index.
295
Treaty of Wismar and, S70; 381; Fre-
derick William and, 384; Imperial over-
tures for Peace transmitted to, 391 ;
favours Salvius, 402; “satisfaction*’ of
militia of, 404 ; minority of, 568 sq. ;
Swedish finances under, 570; 572;
character of, 574 sq.; and the Swedish
succession, 575; coronation of, 576;
abdication of, ?‘6., v 146 ; iv 690 ; a pupil
of Descartes, 779, 786 sq.; v 664; 744;
and the Great Elector, 639, 641; is 44
Christina of Schleswig-Holstein, Queen-con-
sort of Charles IX of Sw’eden, carries on
the government on death of Charles, iv
177; death of, 183
of Denmark. Bee Milan, Duchess of
of France, daughter of Henry lY,
in 685; marriage of, with Prince of
Piedmont, iv 129 ; Duchess of Savoy, 148
Princess Palatine (sister of Elector
Frederick lY), in 710
ChristUches Burgerrecht (league between
Zurich and Constance), ii 328-9
Christopherson, John, Bishop of Chichester,
editor of Philo, i 613, 616
Chrudim, Prussians at, vi 234
Cbiysoloras, Manuel, Greek scholar, i 541
sq., 546
ChrzauoYski, Adalbert, Polish ofiQcer, x 468 ;
470; commands the Piedmontese army,
XI 93
Chuartschen, bridge of, destroyed, vi 282
Chuguchak, Eussian factories at, xii 796
Chuguieff, military insurrection in (1819),
X 438
Oh’un, Chinese prince, xii 501; 521
Ch’ung Chi, Manchu official, xn 501
Chung K’ing, opened to trade, xii 508, 612
Chunghow, Chinese ambassador to Bussia,
XII 503
Chuquet, Arthur, historian, xii 834
Chur, flight of Giammastino Yisconti to,
IV 35 ; tbe Gotteshaus at, 36 sqq. ; Diet
at, 42; Catholics march on, 43, 44;
Protestants attack, ib.; Strafgericiit in,
46 ; 47 sq. ; 52 ; Baldiron’s march on,
55, 56; Eohan at, 61, 63
CarlBudolf von Buol-Schauensfeein,
Bishop of, deported, ix 202
Hartmann II, Bishop of, rv 35 sq.
Freiherr Ortlieb von Brandis, Bishop
of, IV 36
Paul Ziegler, Bishop of, claims the
Yaltellme, iv 36
Church Militant, The (by G. Herbert), rr
768
Church rates, English, legislation concern-
ing, XI 345
Sir Eichard, x 176; joins the Greek
insurgents, 182; 202
Bichard William, Dean of St PauPs,
History of the Oxford Movement, xii
841
Churchill, John , Duke of Marlborough, Bee
Marlborough
Churchill, Dord Eandolph Henry Spencer,
Chancellor of the Exchequer, xii 45;
46
Churrem. ■ See Eoxolana
Churubuseo (Mexico), Scott’s victory at
(1847), vn 396
Churwaiden, Catholic, district of, iv 43 sq.
Chusan, British occupation of, xi 808 sq. ;
818
Chuvas, rising of, vi 681
Chytraeus, David, Lutheran divine, in 174,
704
Cialdini, Enrico, Italian general, xi 469;
534; 536; 542
Oiampini, Giovanni Giustino, founder of
the Accademia Jisico-matematica, v 740 sq.
Cibber, Colley, dramatist, v 129
Cibd, Caterina, Italian reformer, ii 392 sq
Francheschetto, i 110; 227; 233
Giovanni Battista. See Innocent YHI,
Pope
Giulio, plots against Genoa, ir 84
Ciceruacchio. See Brunetti, Angelo
Oienfuegos (Cuba), port of, blockaded, vii
678
Cilento, revolt at (1828), x 119
Cimarosa, Domenico, x 131
Cincinnati, settlers at, vn 357; trade of,
360; Abolitionists in, 387 ; threatened by
Confederates (1862), 507; Convention at
(1872), 640, (1876), 645
Cinq-Mars, Henry Coiffier de Euz^, Marquis
of, conspiracy and execution of, iv 151 sq.;
165
Cinthio. See Giraldi, Giovanbattista
Ointia, Convention of (1808), rx 137, 318,
441; revolt at, xi 573
Circassians, Eussians and, vi 674
Circles of the Empire (Beichskreise), i 294,
320 sq., 459
Cirillo, Neapolitan lawyer, vi 599
Cirilo, Fray, ex- General of the Franciscans,
X 222
Cisalpine Club, formation of, x 626
Kepublic, viii 589 sqq., 633, 639,
645; fall of, 657; frontier of, ix 69;
organisation of, 83 sqq. ; x 131 sq.
Cisneros, Garcia di, Abbot of Monserrat,
I 651 ; the Exerdtatorio de la Vida
Espiritual, n 657
Leonor de, Spanish martyr, ix 408
Marquds de, Spanish admiral, x
285 sq.
Ximenes de. Bee Ximeiies, Cardinal
Cispadane Bepubiic, vin 683, 588
Cistercians, 15th century reform of tbe,
in Spain, ii 399 ; in Brandenburg, v 619
Cistema, Prince Emannele dellal See
Della Cisterna.
City Point, held by Butler (1864), vii 516;
Grant at, 520; Lincoln at, 537, 544
Ciudad Beal, Sebastiani defeats Cartaojal
at (1809), IX 450
Bodrigo, captured (1706), v 416;
del Barque’s army falls back oii, ix 455 ;
296
General Index.
besieged by Ney (1810), 458 sq. ; Mass^na
retreats to, 462, 463, 465 ; WellingtoB at,
468; reviotualled by French, 469; Wel-
iinsfton again attacks, 470; capture of
(1812), 471
Civil script,*^ introduced into Eussia by
Beter the Great, ? 531
Cimlta Cattolica^ Jesuit journal, xi 714;
718; 721
Oivit^ Castellana, Heapolitan defeat at
(1798), vin 652 ^ .. '
Vecchia, occupied by the Imperialists
(1527), n 56; water supply of, ni 438;
Stukeley sails from (1578), 597 ; Jesuits
land at, yi 372 ; 593 ; seized by Joseph
Bonaparte, ix 194 sq. ; xi 71; 122;
French troops recalled from, 496; xil
213; French frigate at, 239
Civitella, siege of (1527), n 91
Clamecy, seized by the Bemocrats, xi 137
Clam-Martinic, Count, Bohemian politician,
XII 177; 188
Clancarty, Eichard le Boer Trench, 2nd
Earl of, at the Congress of Vienna, ix
580 ; 585sqq.
Clan-na-Gael, in America, xn 75 sq.
Cianricarde, tJliek de Burgh (Bourke), 1st
Earl of, the MacWilliam, ni 684
Uiick Bourke (de Burgh), 6th Earl,
1st Marquis of, succeeds Ormonde as
Deputy (1650“2), iv 535
Clapperton, Hugh, African explorer, xn 807
Clare election, x 645 sq.
John Fitzgibbon, Earl of (Lord Chan-
cellor of Ireland), and Catholic Emanci-
pation, IX 678; Attorney- General, 693;
697 sqq., 701, 706
Clarenbach, Adolf, Lutheran martyr, n 202
Clarence, George, Duke of, i 464 sq. ; ii
447
William, Duke of. See William IV,
King of England
** Clarendon Code,” v 97-103
ClarendonjEdwardHyde, 1st Earl of, Koot-
and-Branch petition and, it 292; 293;
on the attempt on the Five Members, 298 ;
on parties, 305; on the Ironsides, 312;
on Newcastle, 322; on the Self-denying
Ordinance, 326; with Prince of Wales at
Bristol, 328; on the troops, 334; 354;
King submits Monek^s proposals to, 555
sq.; on parliament, 558 ; on Monck, 659;
party of, 620; v 93 sq.; and the religious
settlement, 96; 97; 100; charged with
high treason, 101; and Parliament, 102;
opposes acts against Irish trade, 104;
foreign policy of, ib, ; and the marriage
of Charles II, 105; 106; and the Dutch
war, 108; 113; the fall of, 114; exile of,
115; 136; 198; policy of, 199; 201 sq.;
231 ; Scottish Privy Gounciiior, 280 ; 305 ;
333; 745
Edward Hyde (Viscount Cornbury),
3rd Earl of, v 255 ; vi 17 ; Governor of
New York and New Jersey, vn 48
Clarendon, George William Frederick
Villiers, 4th Earl of {2nd cr.), vii 636 ;
British ambassador at Madrid, x 237;
Viceroy of Ireland, xi 13 ; Foreign Minis-
ter, 309; 313; 322; 632; and China,
822; XII 21; 23; 28
Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of, Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, v 284, 306; 247;
and the Eevolution settlement, 249 sq.;
2oo sq.
Clarete, Ibrahim. See Gonzalez Bravo
Clark, William, explorer, vn 326, 364
WUHam Tierney, engineer, x 744
Clarke, Sir Alured, in Cape Colony, is
..::749 ■
Sir Andrew, Governor of the Straits
Settlements, xii 532 sq.
>— George Eogers, American general,
TO 221 sq. '
— — > Sir George Sydenham, xn 59
— — ' Henri-J.-G., Comte d^Hunebourg,
Marshal of France, Duo de Feltre, viii
582 ; receives the duchy of Feltre, ix 111 ;
136, 271; Minister of War, 303; 307;
X 47; 54
Eichard, Major, defeats Karim Khan,
XI 726
Samuel, vi 77 sq.
Father, confessor of Philip V of
Spain, VI 145
Clarkson, Thomas, and the slave trade,
71 188, 472
Clary, Count, Austrian statesman, xn 202
Classics, Eenaissance discoveries and print-
ing of, I 550, 561 sq., 566, 576. See also
Eenaissance
Clauberg, Johann, Cartesian philosophy
and, IV 789, 791
Claude, daughter of Louis XII of France,
afterwards Queen-consort of Francis I,
I 395, 454
Claudia, Archduchess, widow of Archduke
Leopold (1637), iv 375
Felicitas, Empress, 3rd wife of Leo-
pold I, V 211
Clausel, Comte Bertrand, Marshaiof France,
pursued by Wellington, ix 473; 478; re-
tires to the Ebro, 474; pursues Mina,
476; opposed at the Dordogne, 617;
command of, 624; x 496; and the colo-
nisation of Algeria, 602 sqq.
Clausius, Eudolph Julius Emmanuel, and
the theory of heat, xn 784 sq.
01avering,,Sir John, general, vi 571 sq.
Ciavi^re, Etienne, assistant to Hirabeau,
vm 160; Minister of Finance, 223 sq,,
263, 339; suicide of, 357; 702
Clay, Henry, American statesman, vii
350, 367, 373 sq., 878; Tariff biU in-
troduced by, 382; 383 sq.; and Texas,
393 ; compromise resolutions of, 408 sqq,;
death of (1852), 418; 419
Clayborne," Maryland trader, vii 32 sq,
Clayton, John Middleton, American poli-
tician, vn 434
G-enercd Index,
297
Glayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850), TO 434,
649, 656
Clemanges, Nicholas de, i 618
Clemencean , Georges - Bes jamin * Eogl^iie,
French, statesman, xii 112 sq..; and the
Dreyfus affair, 120; 122; opposes soeiai-
ism, 124; 126; 128
Clement T (Bertrand de Goth), Pope, i
620
YII (Ginlio de’ Medici), Pope, i
250, 353; n 4-20; pontificate of, 21-8,
48-58; 143; Luther and, 171 sq.; Charles
V and, 197, 203, 210, 219, 439 ; dislike of,
to the General Council, 216 sq. ; Francis I
and, 220, 440; Zurich and, 322 ; Joao III
and, 412, 414; 423 sq.; the divorce of
Henry YIII and, 430-41 ; the Archbishop,
ric of Lund and, 610; church reform and,
642; the question of prohibited books
and, 687 ; ni 105 ; friendship with France,
110, 186; and Florence, 388, 470; 460;
466; 479; xii 705
YII (Bohert of Geneva), anti-Pope,
I 108
YIII (Ippolito Aldobrandini), Pope,
the Index and, ii 687 sq. ; m 397 ; 416 ;
418; 445; 450; James I and, 554 sq.;
608; Henry lY and, 660, 667, 671, 677;
702; 710; 719; and Sweden, iv 170;
elected, 666; policy of, 667 sq,; death
of, ; 686
IX (Giulio Eospigliosi), Pope, and
Charles II, of England, v 202; and Jan-
senism, 84, 89 sq. ; 202 ; 420 ; and the
Peace of Baden, 454 sq. ; and the Prussian
monarchy, 665 sq. ; 743
XI (Giovanni Francesco Albani),
Pope, VI 97 ; 124 ; 131 ; 586 sq, ; and the
Bull Unigenitm, 588 ; 589; death of,
125
XH (Lorenzo Oorsini), Pope, vi
150; 587 sqq.
XIII (Carlo Bezzonico), Pope, vi
421; 592 sq,; death of, 594; Febronius
condemned by, x 158
XI Y (Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio
Ganganelli), Pope, vi 348; 594 sq.
Bulgarian Metropolitan, xn 409
Saxon agent in Berlin, vi 206 sq.
element, Jacques, ni 47, 453, 766
Glercq. See Du Clercq
Clerfayt, Franpois-S.-C.-J. de Croix, Comte
de, Austrian general, vm 408, 417, 420,
435 ; succeeds Coburg, 436 sq., 442 sq.
Gierke, Sir Philip Jennings, vi450; 455 sq.
Clerkenwell, Fenian outrage in, xi 344,
xn 65, 75
Clermont, county of, ceded to France, v
33; rising at, x 492
Clerrmytitf The famous voyage of (New York
to Albany, 1809), vn 692
Clermont, Jean-Baptxste Massillon, Bishop
of, V 80
Louis de Bourbon- Cond4, CSount do,
' n 246 ; 248
Ciermont-en-Auvergne, royal commission
at, V 16
Clermont-Tonnerre, Jules - Charles - Henri,
■ .Due de, Commandant of Dauphin^, viii
112
Comte Stanislas de, and the elec-
tion of the States General, viii 131,
158, 173, 178, 183, 187; Mepori of 1789,
689, 733
Cleveland, Stephen Grover, President of
the United States, vii 653 sqq. ; and the
currency, 656 sq., 659 sq., 665, 668; 669;
and the Venezuelan dispute, 670 sqq.;
and Cuba, 675; xn 56; 687 sq.
Cleves, war of Charles Y with (1543), ii 77,
244; the French in, v 406, 650; 627 sq.;
640 sq.; acknowledges sovereignty of
Brandenburg, 645 ; religious tolerance
in, 649; 655; 668; evacuated by the
French, vi 300 ; ceded to Murat, ix 262,
267, 409; democratic laud reform in,
410; 624
Treaty of (1666), iv 408, v 645
Adolf II, Duke of, i 424
Adolf of. See Bavenstein
Anne of, Queen of Henry YIII. See
Anne of Cleves
John I, Duke of, i 441
John (III) de La March, Duke of.
See Julich-Cleves-Berg
Philip of. See Bavenstein
Sibylla of. See Saxony
William (Y) de La Marck, Duke of.
Bee JuIich-Cleves-Berg
Clifford, Sir Conyers, Governor of Con-
naught, ra 323, 606-7
Lady Margaret, married to Andrew
Dudley, n 611
Sir Bobert, r 468
of Chudleigh, Thomas, 1st Baron,
v 198; 201 sq. ; signs the Treaty of
Dover, 204; 205; Lord Treasurer, 207;
209; and the Test Act, 210; resigns,
333
Clifton, Jacobite force at, vi 115
Clinton, Edward Fiennes de Clinton, 9th
Baron, ii 545, 567
George, American statesman and
general, vii 373
Sir Henry, General, vn 173, 211, 215 ;
succeeds Howe (1778), 217; 220, 222,
224 sqq., 230
Henry Fynes, historian, xn 836
Sir William Henry, ix 297 ; general
in Portugal, x 321
Clive, Bobert Olive, Lord, in India, v 697 ;
Yoi. VI, Chap. XV {&) passim; 438; death
of, 566
Clones, Owen O’Neill defeated at, iv 526
Cionmacnoise, meeting of Catholic clergy
at, rv 534
Clonmel, captured hy William III (1690),
V 315 ; Eeconciliation meeting at (1828),
X 648
Oloatar^ meeting at, prohibited, xi 8
298
General Index.
Glaoiz f ‘ Anacharsis Baron Jean Baptiste
dn ¥al de Gr^ce, leads a deputation to
the National Assembly, inn 171 ; ix 363
Clot Bey, and vaccination in Egypt, xii 461
Clouet, Jean-Fran^ois, professor of chemistry
at Mezleres, vin 433
Clough, Arthur Hugh, xi 352; 354
Clozel, African explorer, xii 130
Clubs, French Bevolutionary, jSee Jacobins,
FeuiUant$i etc.
dugny, William de, i 441 sq.
de Kuis, Jean-B.-B., French Comp-
troller-general, vin 74, ,88
Clusius, Carolus. See L’Eeluse
Gluverius, Philip, iv 717
Clyde, Colin Campbell, Lord, at BalaMava,
XI 319; 741; 746; at Lucknow, 748 sq.
Gnossns, discoveries at, xii 846
Goahuila, State of, vii 392, 394
Coalitions (against the French Bevolution),
the first, Yol. vm, Chap, xiv passim, 398-
446; the second, Chap, xxi, 633-64; the
third, Vol. ix, Chaps, ix, x
Cobb, Howell, IJ.S.A. Secretary of the
Treasury, vii 447; 605
Cobbett, William, Political Begistery ix
688; X 576 sq.; 580 sq.; in America,
582 ; and Bentham, 598 ; 599 ; in Parlia-
ment, 656; 675; and the growth of
London, 742
Cobden, Bichard, x 680; 764; and Free
Trade, 771; and Adam Smith, 777; xi
2 sq, ; and the political parties, 20; 309 ;
and the Anglo-French commercial treaty,
333 sq., 470; 325 sq.; 764; and China,
815; xn 745
Cobenzi, Count John Philip, Imperial Vice-
Chancellor, VI 652 sq. ; viii 329, 419,
536; and Partition of Poland, 548 sq.,
551 ; 591 ; at Bastatt, 641 ; succeeds
Thugut, 642, 644 sq. ; ix 184 .
Louis, Comte de, Austrian diplo-
matist, at St Petersburg, ix 41; 65; at
Paris, 66; 69, 79; Foreign Minister, 248;
replaced by Stadion, 262 ; 315
Goberger, Antony, of Niimberg, printer,
I 634, 641
Cobham, Sir Henry, iii 34
Eichard Temple, Viscount, vi 35 ; 70
Coblenz, Council of (1479), i 689 ; captured
by the French (1794), vin 437 ; the Prince
of Prussia at, xi 396
Coburg, Luther at, ii 211-4 ; Lannes near,
« 275
See Saxe-Coburg
Cocceius (Koch), Johann, theologian, v
754 sq.; 757
Cochabamba, province of, x 265; 268
Cochelet, Adrien-Louis, French consul-
general at Alexandria, x 567
Cochin, fortified by Portuguese, 1 30; com-
mercial glory of, IV 743; lost to Portu-
guese, 744
Cocbius, Christian, Prussian Court preacher,
V 671
Cochlaeus, Joannes, German theologian,
I 684-5 ; n 168, 212, 251
Cochon de Lapparent, Comte Charles,
Minister of Police, vin 490, 504 sq., 508,
510; transported, 512
Cochrane, Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis,
Lord, blockades Ferrol, ix 217; sails for
West Indies, 224; Bear-Admiral, 234;
attacks Brest, 238; harries Duhesme in
Catalonia, 239
John, explores Siberia, xii 794
Thomas, Earl of Dundonald. See
Bundonald
Oockburn, Admiral Sir George, conducts
Napoleon to St Helena, ix 757
Cockerili, John, engineer, x 744 ; 753 ; 757
Cocks, Bichard, the Hutch and, iv 734; at
Firando, 740
Coconato, Count Annibale, adventurer, in
23-4
Coddington, William, founder of Aquednok,
vn 20, 24
Codes of law, English, Peel’s reforms in
criminal law, x 585; penal, in England
and Ireland, 620 sqq. ; French, Code
Louis, v 16; projects of the civil, at
the end of the Bevolutionary period,
vm 740 sqq.; penal, beginnings of, at
the same time, 742 sqq. ; criminal, ib, ;
of Napoleon: — the Civil, ix 150 sqq.;
the Criminal, 171 sqq. ; the Penal, 175
sqq.; the Commercial, 176 sqq.; Code
Noir, French Canadian, vii 101 ; in Italy,
the Napoleonic abolished, x 137; Gon-
salvi’s attempt to get a new Civil Code,
138; Bussian, Catharine IPs, vi 686 sqq,;
attempts at codification from 1804-15, x
417 sq. ; Svod Zahonoff, xi 264 ; in Spanish
America, CMulas,x 260; 254 sqq.; Turk-
ish, “Pearl” and Multeka-ul-Ubhar, i 98
Codrington, Christopher, Governor of the
Leeward Islands, v 690
Sir Edward, British admiral, and
the battle of Navarino, x 195-6; 197;
201
— — Sir William John, General, xi 322
Codure, John, Jesuit, ii 652 sqq.; ni 585-6
Coeur, Jacques, French merchant, i 409,
414, 503, 504 sq.
Coeuvrea, Annibal d’Bstrdes, Marquis de,
Marshal of France, occupies the Valtel-
line, IV 58 sq., 41, 129, 674 sq,
Coeverden, Butch success at (1672), v 160
Cognac, Huguenot leaders at (1569), in 12;
League of (1626), n 24, 52; e^ect of, on
Charles V’s German policy, 197 ; 427, 512
Coigni, Fran<?ois de Franquetot, Comte de,
Marshal of France, vi 153 sq. ; 240
Coimbra, University of, vi 388, xn 271;
Moore’s march into Spain by way of,
IX 443 ; occupation of, by Mass^na, 461 ;
X 315; 322; Bom Miguel at, 335; 336
Coinage and currency, English, debased
under Henry VIII, n 470 ; English Mint
and Be-coinage Act (1696), v 268 sq.;
General Index.
299
currency difficulties between England
and the American colonies, vii 68 sq.;
English (1793-7), ix 675 sq. ; settlement of
H , X 587 ; the bimetallic question, xii
rench (e. 1792), viii 702 sq. ; under
Napoleon I, ix 121 sq.; Indian, decline of
silver and its results in India, xii 483 sq. ;
Prussian, under Frederick the Great,
Ti 710 sq. ; Eussian, reformed (1700), v
528 ; after the revolutionary wars, x 414
sq. : after 1856, xn 323 ; Spanish, in the
late 15th and early 16th centuries, i 357 ;
in New Spain, x 258 ; Swedish, debased,
n 622; in the United States during the
Civil War, vii 569 sq., 607, 612 sq.,
615 sqq.; after the war, 631, 643; 657,
668 sqq.
Coke, Sir Edward, Chief Justice, and
agrarian legislation, ii 469 ; in 563 sqq. ;
Parliament and, iv 263, 269 ; Petition
of Eight and, 270; v 252; Hobbes and,
VI 792
Sir John, ra 567 sqq.
Coialto, Count Eainbold von, Imperialist
general, iv 60; besieges Mantua, 136
Colberg, Gneisenau’s defence of, ix 332
Colbert, Charles. iSee Croissy, Marquis
de " ■ ■ ■
Jean-Baptiste, Marquis de Seignelay
(controleur geMral)^ Minister under Maz-
arin, iv 621 sq.; under Louis XIV, v 1,
4 sq, ; and Bouquet, 6 ; character and
aims of, 6 sqq. ; and taxation reforms,
8 sq.; industrial and commercial pro-
jects of, 10 sqq.; and war with Hol-
land, 10; and French colonies, 13, 684;
and internal customs of France, 13 ;
and improvement of canals and roads,
14 ; and French navy, 14 ; creates five
new Academies, 15; and administration
of justice, 16; rivalry of, with Louvois,
16 sq. ; 22 ; 25 ; and the municipalities,
27; 39; and the dispute with the
Papacy, 85; 200; and African trade, 692 ;
and India, 702; and the xicademie des
Sciences, 741; death of, 17, 28; vi 224;
532 ; 639; and the (French) Company of
the West, vix 70, 78 sqq. ; policy of, in
Canada, 84 sq., 109; in West Indies,
85 sq. ; vni 8, 37, 69; ix 176; 362
Jean-Baptiste (the younger). See
Seignelay, Marquis de
Comte de, French ambassador at
St Petersburg, ix 103
Coibjornsen, Christian, Danish Procurator-
general, VI 756
Colborne, Sir John, 1st Baron Seaton,
General, at Waterloo, ix 640
Colchester, siege of (1648), rv 349 sqq,;
the plague in, v 110
Charles Abbot, 1st Lord, Chief
Secretary for Ireland (1801), Speaker of
the House of Commons (1802), ix 706;
x634
Cold Harbour, Sheridan seizes, vii 519
Coldstream, Monck at, i? 547
Guards, v 113
Cole, Dr Henry, expelled from New Col-
lege, II 501 ; at Colloquy of Westminster,
568
Colebrooke, ^Henry Thomas, xn 845
Coleman, Edward, and the Popish Plot, v
220 sqq.
Colenso, British reverse at, xii 642
John William, Bishop of Natal, xi
788; XII 774
Coleraine, plantation of, ixi 614 ; oilered to
City of London, 615 ; fugitives in, v 307
sq. ; 309
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, v 122; vi 829;
832; 836 sq.; vni 641, 766 sqq.; x 600;
704 sqq.; 710; 713 sq.; 716; 720; 722;
725; XI 347; 365
Colesberg Kopje, diamonds discovered at,
XI 787
Colet, John, Dean of St Paul’s, 1 491, 580,
644
Colettis, Joannis, Greek statesman, x 506
Colfax, Schuyler, American statesman, vii
653
Coligny, Gaspard de. Admiral of France,
I 48, 50, 55 ; ii 92, 295 ; at the Assembly
of Notables, 298, 302 sq. ; at St Quentin,
547; m 2, 4, 5, 6>14, 16-20, 224, 232,
285
Louise de, 4th consort of William of
Orange. See Orange
Jean de Coligny- Savigny, Comte de,
French general, v 347
Odet de. See Chatillon
CoIIadon, Jean Daniel, physicist, xi 260
College, Stephen, conviction of, v 228
Collegiants, a community of Eemonstrant
dissenters, v 754
Collegium Germanicum, set up in Borne,
II 655; (1552), m 149, 161, 178; and
the German Jesuit colleges, iv 4
Bomanum, founded under Julius III,
n655; ni 424
Coileguo, Giacinto di, x 114 sq.
Collenbach, Beichsf reiherr Heinrich Gabriel
. . von, Austrian diplomatist, wi 346 • ■ ■
Colletta, Pietro, Italian historian, x 111;
113; 125; xn 842
Colley, Sir George Pomeroy, in South
Africa, xn 39; 637
Collier, Sir George, vice-admiral, vi 449
Jeremy, v 128; 130
Eobert Porrett. Monksweli, Iiord
Ceilings, Jesse, xn 43
Collingwood, Cuthbert, 1st Baron, viii
454, 463; Vice-Admiral, ordered to sail
for West Indies, ix 224; meeting of
Nelson with, 225; blockades Cadiz, 227;
commands half the fleet at Cadiz, 229;
in command at Trafalgar, 230; 233;
compared with Nelson, 233; 237; 239
Collins, David, Lieutenant-Governor of
New South Wales, ix 740
■ Bichard Henn Collins, Lord, xn 721
300
General Iridex.
Collins, Samuel, physician to the Tsar
Alexis, T 613
William, poet, vi 824; 828; 830;
832 ; 834 sq. ; x 698 sq.
Colii-Bicci, Baron Loms-L.-G-. Venance de,
Sardinian general, vin 438, 444, 568,
JOS, 567
Colloredo, Radolf, Graf von Waldsee, Im-
perial Eieid-Marshal, iv 240; at Prague,
394
Colloredo-Mansfeld, Jerome, Count von,
guards Bohemia, ix 633
Colloredo-Waldsee, Count Prancis C, von,
Austrian diplomatist, xi 252
Collot, French banker, vm 677
d’Herbois, Jean-Marie, vm 226,
246 sq., 264; on the Comit4 de Saint
Pahlic, 344, 319 sqq., 358, 360, 362; and
the fall of Eobespierre, 364 sq., 369, 374
sq. ; trial of, 380, 384; deported, 386
Colmar, ceded to the French, iv 143 ; Ber-
nardine army at, 383 ; victory of Turenne
at (1675), V 44
Colocci, Angelo, Eoman patron of literature,
n 15
Cologne, early political insignificance of,
I 299; Diet of (1505), 316 sqq., (1612),
320; Catholicism in, ra 156, 160;
171, 180; Electorate of, invaded by
Prince Maurice, 673; peace confess at,
704-5; centre of Dutch immigration,
705; troubles in Electorate of, 707;
Canons of, at Strasshuxg, 709; Matthias*
policy of repression in, rv 11; death of
Mary de* Medici at, 139; congress at,
898; and Avaux, 398; Chigi Nuncio at,
402; commercial and industrial insig-
nificance of, 420; conferences at (1636),
688 ; treaty of, with Louis XIV (1671),
V 42; peace conference at (1673), 43;
election of archbishop of, 64 sq., 63;
war of, with the United Provinces, 157
sq.; peace signed (1674), 161; 435; cap-
tured by the French (1794), vm 437;
Electorate of, ix 93; Lutheran con-
sistories at, 204; cessions to Prussia in,
657; Cardinal Pacca at, x 134, 356;
revolutionary movement at, xi 157
Baron Clemens August von Droste-
Vischering, Archbishop of (1835), x 381 ;
XI 60
Electors of: —
Clement Augustus of Bavaria, n
202
Ernest of Bavaria, election of, m
708; obtains Mfinster, 709; 711 sq.; 719;
731 sq.
Ferdinand of Bavaria, rv 83 ; 91; 210;
appeal of, to France, 226; the peace
negotiations of 1634-6 and, 252 ; truce of
Ulm and, 391; Maximilian of Bavaria
and, 398; Hildesheim ceded to, 408
BVederick III of gaarwerden (1372),
1 669
Gebhard I von Mansfeld, in i66
Cologne, Electors of {contd.)
Gebhard II Truchsess von Wald-
burg, III 707, 709
Hermann of Hesse (d. 1608), 3rd son
of Landgrave Louis II (d. 1458), i 316
Hermann von Wied, n 40, 239, 243,
261 sq., 259, 682; m 707
- — Joseph Clement, v 53 sqq.; 404; 465
Maximilian Henry, Bishop of Hil-
desheim and Li(§ge, iv 426; supports
Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria, 430; v 64
• Maximilian, Archduke of Austria,
vm 313
Salentin of Isenburg resigns, m 707
Coloma (California), gold at, vn 400
Colombe, Michel (French sculptor), i 414
Colombey, battle of, xi 589
Colombia, Bepublic of (New Granada,
Venezuela and Ecuador), vn 368; pro-
claimed by Bolivar (1819), x294; 295 sq.;
divided into three Eepublics, 297 ; attitude
of the Indians in, 299 ; independence of,
308 sq.
Eepuhlio of (New Granada), U.S.
Treaty with, rejected (1869), vii 637;
purchases Swedish war-ships, xi 683 ; xn
672 sq.; 684; and the tJnited States,
635 sq. ; 690; 692 sqq.; 696; and the
Panamd Canal, 698 sqq.
Colombo, held by the Portuguese, rv 744
— Bartolomeo, i 21 sq.
— — Gristoforo, discovery of New World
by, I 7, 21-4; 11, 34 sqq., 55
Colomhus, Eealdus, v 725
Colomera, Martin, Spanish general, vm 440
Goldn, railway in, xii 685
Golonia dei Sacramento, settlement of, vi
391; smuggling post, x 258; captured by
Indian militia (1706), 270
Colonial Association (German), xii 159; 658
Colonisation and Colonies, Belgian, King
Leopold II and, xii 255 sq.; of late
years, i&., Chap, xx passim
Danish, in the West Indies, vi 186
Dutch, in the earlier half of the
17th century, iv 703 sqq. ; see Chap, xxv,
The transference of colonial power to the
United Provinces and England, 728-59;
Vol. V, Chap. XXII vassim; in the 18th
century, vi 186 sqq. ; in East India, in
the 19th century, xi 667 sq.; in S. Africa,
778-89; of late years, see Voi. xn, Chap.
XX passim
English, early schemes of colonisa-
tion in the New World, see Vol. i, Chap, n ;
see Vol. IV, Chap, xxv, The transference of
colonial power to the United Provinces
and England, 728-59 : toleration in, v 101;
Council for Foreign Plantations formed
(1660), 107 ; Chap, -mii passim; Walpole’s
policy in regard to, vi 50 sqq.; after
Walpole’s fall, 53 sqq. ; Chap, vi, Finan-
cial experiments and colonial develop-
ment, 168-90; and their relations with
the French in India and America, VoL
General Index.
301
Colonisation and Colonies {contd.)
VI, Gbap. 'Ll 'passim, S29-60; in America,
and French rivalry, 410 sqq.; schemes
of colonial federation, 412 sq.; in America,
18tb century fiscal policy and its results,
Chap, XIII (2) passim, 42B-56 ; in America,
see VoL vii, The United States, Chaps,
i-vii : see Yol. ix, Chap, xxin (ii) (1783-
1815); removal of trade restrictions con-
cerning, X 586 sq. ; Chap, xxi, Canada,
passim, 685-95; Adam Smith and, 765;
policy of 1841-52 concerning, xi 16 sq. ;
and Mr Joseph Chamberlain’s policy, xii
57 ; in the Malay Peninsula, 531 sqq. ;
see Yol. xi, Chap, xxvn, Great Britain
and her Colonies, 754-801 ; of late years,
see YoL xn, Chap, xx passim, 602-71 ;
boundary of British Guiana, 687 sq.
European in general, preparation
for the wide extension of, in Africa, the
East and America, Yol. i, Chap, i, The
Age of Discovery, X-36; characteristics
and fate of first schemes of colonisation ;
see Chap, n. The New World, 37-66;
reaction of, on the Old World, ih, 47 sqq.;
Yol. VI, Chap. Ti, Einanciai experiments
and colonial development, 16^90; of
late years, see Yol. xn, Chap, xx, 60^71
French, early schemes of colonisation
in New World, see Yol. i, Chap, n; under
Colbert, v 12 sqq. ; Chap, xxn passim ;
Yol. VI, Chap. VI, Financial experi-
ments and colonial development, 168-90 ;
and their relations with the English
in India and America, Chap, xi passim,
329-60 ; Choiseurs relation to, 351 sq. ; in
America, and English rivalry, 410 sqq. ;
YoL vn, Chap, in, The French in America
(1608-1744), 70-113; Chap- nr, Conquest
of Canada (1744-61), 114-43; effects of
the Be volution in, nii 193 sq.; teJcen by
English (1803-15), ix 240 ; projects of the
Consulate, 419 sqq., see also L’Ouverture,
Toussaint; in N. Africa from 1834), x 503
sqq. ; since 1870, especially in Africa and
Indo-Cliina, xn 128 sqq.; in Annam, 523
sqq.; colonial policy in Siam, 636; of
late years, see Cbap. xx passhn, 602-71
German, early colonial activity of
Brandenburg, v 646-7 ; beginnings of
modern German colonial policy, xn 159
sqq. ; see Chap, xx passim
Italian, in Africa, the Golonia Eritrea,
xn 240 sq.
^ Japanese, in Formosa, etc., xn 672
sqq.
Portuguese, in the Age of Discovery,
see Yol. i, Chap, i; in New World, see
Chap, n; see VoL iv, Chap, xxv passim.
The transference of colonial power to
the United Provinces and Englmid, 728-
59 ; YoL v, Chap, xxn passim ; in the 18th
centuiy, vi 187, 189; see aho Brazil;
in the 19th century, xi 575 ; &om 1876,
XII 270 ; of late years, see Chap, xx pussm
Colonisation and Colonies (contd.)
-- — Scottish, in New Jersey, vn 47 sq. ;
in the Carolines, 55; in Georgia, 62; in
Acadia, 75, 112 sq. ; Darien Scheme, v
296 sq.
Spanish, in the New World, see Yol.
I, Chap. II ; under Philip lY and Olivares,
rv 655 sq. ; see Chap, xxv passim, Trans-
ference of colonial power to United
Provinces and England, 728-59 ; Yol. v.
Chap, xxn passim; declining energy
. of, VI 186; 189; under Charles III, 373 ;
Falkland Islands dispute, ib.; condition
of, and Congress of Aix-Ia-Chapelle
(1818), vn 366 sq.; Yol. x, Chap, vni,
Spanish Dominions in America, passim,
244-79; Chap, ix, The establishment of
independencein Spanish America, passim,
280-309; loss of remainder of, xn 264
sqq. ; in Philippine Islands, 528 sqq. ; of
late years, see Cbap. xx passim, 602-71;
end of Spanish dominion in Continental
America, 689 sqq.
Swedish, in. America, vn 40, 66, 57,
702
- — Venetian, see Yol. i, Cbap. viii passim
Oolonna, family of the, attack on Borne by,
n 53 sqq.
Fabrizio, 1 124; captured at Kavenna,
137, 250
Fadrique, Prince of Butera, at
Tarragona, iv 649
Marco Antonio, Cardinal Archbishop
of Taranto, m 135; 431 ; 444
Pompeio, Cardinal, Bishop of Bieti,
1 249; n 21, 57, 67
Prospero, and Lombardy campaign,
n 44, 47 sq.
Vittoria. See Pescara, Marchioness
of
Colorado, part of, ceded to United States,
vn 397 ; and the currency question, 673 ;
population of, 711; women’s franchise
in, XII 763
Colorno, Austrian check at, vi 154
Oolpoys, John, Admiral, vm 473, 475, 478
Golquhoun, Aiobibaid Boss, in China, xn
796 sq.
Colson, John, mathematician, v 718
Ooitbridge, Gardiner’s Horse at, vi 112
Columba, St, at Iona, i 535
Columbanus, St (d. 615), i 585
Columbia, district of, vn 316; slavery in,
388, 402 sqq,, 585 ‘Sqq,; Volunteer Militia
of, 448
(S, Carolina), Sherman at ( 1865 ),
vn 528 sq.; Sberldan at, 537
Biver, exploration of, vn S26, 864;
371, 395; operations on (1861-2), 494
Columbus (Kentucky), occupied by Con-
federates, vn 462 sq., 492 sqq.; evaoiiatei.
4^, 497, 559
-- — Christopher. See Colombo
Colville, Sir Oharies, General, at Eti, m
302
General Index.
CoMn, Sir AiicMaE<3^ KnaEcM Advisear to
the Egyptian G-overnment, xn 438
Ck>Iyer, Count, Butch diplomatist, vi 32
Comacchio, occupied by Austrians, vi 586
sq., X 137, 155
Combe, Abr^am, and socialism, xii 758
CJombermere, Sir Stapleton Cotton, Vis-
count, Commander-in-chief in India, xi
729
Combes, Justin-Louis-Emile, Erenoh states-
man, xn 113; 121 sq.
Combination, repeal of laws concerning,
X 585 ; modification of the repeal, ih,
Combray, Marquise de, ix 136
Comenius, John Amos, educational in-
fluences of, IV 424
Comere, Mahy de, Baron de, treatise on
finance of, viii 69
Comite de jOefeme Generaley formed, vin
263; 268 sq.
de Salut Public, first (April 6, 1793),
VIII 269, 274 sq., 338 sqq., 426; second
(July 10, 1793--July 27, 1794), 343 sqq..
Chap, xn ’passim’, reconstructed {July,
1794), 375; sphere of, reduced, 376;
memhexB of, increased to sixteen, 385;
power of, increased, 387 sq., 393; and
military affairs, 426 ; 465, 472; and the
conquest of Italy, 556, 561 sqq.
de SuretS G€u£rale, vni 349 sq.,
356, 360, 362, 364, 367, 376 sq.; sphere
of, reduced, 376
Commendone, Giovanni Francesco, Car-
dinal, Bishop of 2ante, Queen Mary and,
II 519; mission to Poland of, 637 ; 681;
papal nuncio, ni 82 sqq.; 172, 176
Oommines, Jeanne de. Dame de Haliewin,
I 439
Philip de, i 109; ambassador to
Venice, 115, 282; cited, 200, 228; 393,
403 ; as historian and prose-writer, 415 ;
422, 426, 430, 438, 440; xii 830
Commission de Douze, viii 272 sqq.
Committee on the Conduct of the War
(0.S.A. 1861), VII 469
Common Life, Brethren of the. See Brethren
of the Common Life
Penny {Gmiein&r Pfennig), 1 304 sqq.,
317
Commonwealth, the English (1649). See
wide}’ England, Vol. iv
Commune of Paris, vm 225 sq., 228,
230, 235, 238, 240; dissolved (Aug. 30,
179*2), 241; reinstated (Sept. 1), 242,
245; struggle of the Gironde and, 250
sqq., 272 sq.; and the maximum, 271;
338 sq. ; power of, 358, 360
Communes, French, duties and powers of,
before the Bevolution, vin 41 sq.
Bussian, in the 15th and 16th cen-
turies, ? 492 sq.
Comnenus, David, last Emperor of Tre-
bizond, i 78, 82
John IV, Emperor of Trebizond, i 78
Manuel I, Emperor of the East, l 271
Como, Cardinal of, Tolomeo Galiio, Bishop
of Martarano, Secretary of State under
Philip 11, III 288
Compagnaeci (Florentine faction), i 169,
174 sq., 181
Company of Equinoctial France, vii 79
of Foreign Merchants, tlie Dutch,
formed in 1594, iv 729
of the Indies. See East India Com-
pany (French)
for the Islands of America, the
French, rv 758; vn 70, 74, 78
of New France, vii 70, 73 sq.
of Boyal Adventurers trading to
Africa, v 691
of St Domingo, vii 91
of Scotland trading to Africa and
the Indies, vi 91
of the West, Colbert’s (1664), vn
70, 79, 90. See also East India Com-
pany (French)
of the West (Law’s). See Missis-
sippi Company
Compi^gne, Edict of (1557), ii 294; the
Queen-Mother at, iv 139 ; treaty at
(1635), 144, 251, 365, 370; treaty at
(1624), 675; negotiations at (1756), vi 338
Complutensian Polyglot, i 380, 578, 603,
640, 651; ii 400
Compostella, fifteenth century pilgrimages
to, n 105 sq.
Comprehension Bill (1689), failure of, v 337
“Compromise,” The (1566), m 201-3
“ Compromise of 1850,” The, vrr 403 sqq,
Compte Pendu, Neeher’s (1781), vm 74, 77,
94 ; Lambert’s (1788), 75 sq., 109 sq.
Compton, Henry, Bishop of London, v 233
sq.; 242; 255; suspended, 335; vn 59
Comte, Auguste, xi 365; 526; 707; xii
93; 850
Franqois-Charles-Louis, editor of Le
Censeur, rx 569-70
Comuneros (Spanish), revolt of the, i 357,
372 sqq.
Concha, Jos4 Gutidrrez de La. See La
Havana, Marquds de
Manuel de La. See Bel Buero,
Marquds
Conciliaiore, Italian review, x 124
Ooncini, Bartolomeo, Minister of Cosimo I,
III 388
Concino, afterwards Marquis of
Anere, and the Princes, iv 121 ; receives
Normandy, 122; Eichelien and, 123 sq.;
murder of, ib.; 128
Leonora, iv 121
Condone (Venetian Assembly), i 270
Concord (Mass.), stores at, captured (1775),
VII 165
Concordats, political theory underlying, in
758; era of, from 1816, x 139 sqq.: of
the Emperor Frederick III and Pius II
(1448), X 299, 687 sqq.: French, of
Francis I and Leo X (1516), 388 sq. ;
n 32, 38, 95, 281; abolished (1561), 300;
General Index.
SOS
HI 659; v 77; Napoleon I’b, YoL Et,
Chap, vn, 180-207; remams in force
(1818), X 56; and Jules Ferry, xn 116:
Italian, of 1803, ix 189 sq,: Neapolitan,
negotiations for, begun (1738), vi 588;
590: with the Elngdom of the Nether-
lands (1827), X 627: with Bnssia, Alex-
■ ander I’s in regard to Warsaw, etc., 424:
Sardinian (1727), m 689 sq[. : Spanish,
of 1861, XI 558, 709
Concordia (Lutheran), drawn np by Jacob
Andreae, m 173
Condd, taken by the French (1676), v 44;
45; and the Barrier Treaties, 457 sg.;
captured by the Allies (1793), yhi 347,
430 ; claimed by Austria, ib, ; recaptured
by France (1794), 436
Charlotte (de Montmorency), Prin-
cess of, wife of Henry II, iii 643, 692
Claire-Clemence (de Breze), Princess
of, wife of Louis II, conduct of, during
the Fronde, iv 610 ; 613 ; follows Gond4
to Flanders, 618
Henry I de Bourbon, Prince of, m
12, 19, 25 sq^q., 165, 174, 224, 451
Henry II de Bourbon, Prince of, iri
668 eq. ; joins League of Princes, iv 119 ;
inarches to Poitou, 121; arrested, 122
sqq. ; release of, 126 ; in central France,
127; sent against Bohan, 133; adheres
to Bichelieu, 134; at Eoussiilon, 148,
645; member of Council of Begency,
593; and New France, vii 72
Henri-Juies de Bourbon, Prince of
(Due d’Enghien), v 349
Louis I de Bourbon, Prince of,
becomes a Huguenot, n 295, 297; ar-
rest and condemnation of, 298 sq., 302;
and the tumult of Amboise, 576; iii 1
sqq. ; killed at Jamao, 12
Louis II de Bourbon (Due d'Enghien),
Prince of, trained in wars of Louis XIII,
IV 149 ; besieges D61e, 370 sq. ; victory of,
at Bocroi, 388, 594, 659 ; and Mercy, 389,
597 ; victory of, at Alierheim, 390, 697 ;
542 ; takes Thionville, 595 ; Orleans and,
596 ; in sole command, 598 ; at Dunkirk,
599, 703; rival of Yendome, 601; at
Court, 606 sq. ; character of, 608 ; Betz
and, 609; 610; First Fronde and, 611;
imprisonment of, 612 sq. ; supremacy of,
614; SeeondFrondeand, BlSsqq.; Spain
and, 619, 660; Treaty of Pyrenees and,
620 ; at SeneS, v 44, 161 ; 45 ; in Franche
Oomtd, 200, 373; 256; 340; and the
Polish Crown, 349 sq. ; 411; 650;^ vi 191
Louis- Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of,
emigrates fl789), vin 165; 511; ix 40
Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de, French
philosopher, vi 825; xi 520
Oondivi, Ascanio, ii 34
Oondorcet, M.-J.-A,-H.-Oaritat, Marquis de,
rm 214, 249 ; at the King’s trial, 259 sq* ;
suicide of, 357 ; Avu amc EspagmU^ 783 ;
790; xn 817
Condors, English victory vi 548
Conegliano, Austrian army at, xi 86
Cima da, Venetian artist, i 284
Confalonieri, Count Federigo, x 117-9;
124; XI 75 sq.
Confederate States of America, formed
[1861], vn 449; leaders in, 603 sqq.;
nnance in, Chap, xix
Confederates, Irish Catholic organisation,
XV 525 sqq.
Confession of Augsburg. Bee Augsburg,
■■ Confession of
■ of Faith, Calvin’s, ii 295
Conflans, Treaty of (1465), i 389
Hubert de Brienne-Conflans, Comte
de (Marshal Conflans), in the Northern
: Circars, vi 548
Confraternities, religious, in Germany, ix
108, 122
Cortfutationshueh (1559), ni 163
Congo, French, xii 130; 343
Conference, xn 161
Free State, xu 3 ; 5 ; 130; Leopold II
and, 255 sq. ; 658; 661; administration
of, 662 sq.; 810
Beform Association, xn 663
river, discovery of, r 17; vi 187;
the French on, xn 3, 130; 658 sqq.;
explorers on, 806, 810 sq.
Congregation of Jesus Christ, ix 558, 573
sqq.
Congregations of Cardinals, instituted by
Sixtus V, m. 446 sq.
Congress, of the (later) United States, First
Continental (1774), vir 160 sqq., 181 sq.,
187 sq., 201; Second (1775), 166 sq.;
Third (1776), 173 sq., 207, 209, 235;
composition of the, 237
Congresses (Confederate), vix 605 sqq.
Congressi degli Sciemiati^ xi 68
Congreve, William, dramatist, v 128; 130;
132 sq. ; Incognita by, 136
Coni, defence of, vr 241; occupied by the
French, vaui 567
Coningsby, Thomas, Baron {afterwards
Earl) Coningsby, Irish Lord Justice, v
320
Conjeveram, Munro at, vi 576
Conjuration du 9 Mars^ rm 267 sq.
Conkiing, Bosooe, American politician, rsx
649 sq., 653
Connan, Franqoia, Calvin and, xi 351
Connaught, religious affairs in, in 593;
condition of (1592), 604; and the ** Graces,”
XV 517; and the reWlion of 1641-2,
523 sqq.; Parliamentary party in, 530;
O’Neili withdraws to, 531; final settle-
ment of, 536 sq.; remains tranquil In
1798, IX 702
Prince Arthur, Duke of, visits China,
XII 508
Oonneote, Thomas, Carmelite and wander-
ing preacher, i 676 sq.
Connecticut, English colony of, tr 747;
t»de of, vr 447 ; settlement of, vn 18 sq.,
10—2
S04
GeTteral Ind&s.
22; regicides in, 26; charter of, 81;
and Governor Andros, 29 ; defence of, 42 ;
53; population of, 54; religious conditions
in, 57; education in, 58; eSect of the
Stamp Act in, 149 ; disaffection in, 163 ;
British raid into (1779), 220; constitution
of, 237; and custom dues, 243; and the
Oonstitutional Convention, 246 sq., 250,
258, 260, 271, 281, 283; cessions in, 308;
336; trade of, 355; Abolition in, 361,
377, 388 ; negro suffrage in, 629 ; Demo-
crats in, 631
Gonneilo, “undertakers” in, ni 599
Oonnewits, engagement at (1813), ix 535
Cono, Johann, edits St Jerome, i 607
Conolly, Arthur, in Central Asia, xn
800 sy»
Conqueret, College of, in 54
ConquistadoreSf the Spanish, nr 546
Conrart, Valentin, literary meetings at
house of, in Paris, iv 156
Conring, Hermann, German historian and
jurist, scientific work of, iv 424; xii
816
Consalvi, Ercole, Cardinal, comes to Paris
(1801), IX 184; 191; claims homage for
Naples, 194; resignation, ib,; refuses to
be present at Napoleon’s marriage, 197 ;
603; at Congress of Vienna, 586, x 2,
134 sq. ; career of, 131 ; Secretary of Papal
Conclave (1800), 132 ; position, influence
and character of, 132 ; first administration
of, 133 ; at Paris and Beims, ib, ; opposes
Napoleon, ib, ; reinstated as Secretary of
State, 134; opposes reactionary measures,
ib, ; and Mettemich, 135 sq. ; and the
secret societies, 135; and administrative
scheme of (1816), 136 ; and the brigands,
138; opposition to, 139; foreign policy
of, 139 sqq. ; and the revolutionary move-
ments, 150 ; and the policy of non-inter-
vention, ib, ; death of, 151 ; and Leo XU,
152; 153; 155; O’Connell and, 635
Conscience, Hendrik, Flemish novelist, xt
673; 676
Conscription. See Armies
Oomeil v 3
des AncienSt formed, vm 393 sq.,
489 sq. ; chief members of, 507 ; and the
Coup d*dtat of 18 Fructidor, 509, 512;
670 sqq.; and Bromaire, 676 sqq., 680
sqq. See also Corps Ligislatif
. des Cinq-CentSj formed, vm 393,
395, 489, 492; prominent members of,
506 ; and the Coup d’etat of 18 Fructidor,
509, 512 ; 670 sqq.; and Brumaire, 677
sq., 680 sqq. See also Corps L€gislatif
des DipecheSy v 3
des Firutfices, v 3
FrlvBy t 3
Consensus TigurinuSy of Bullinger and
Calvin {1549}, n 340
Considdrant, Victor-Prosper, x 499 ; xi 113
Gomiglio dei FregaM (Venetian Senate),
I 271 sq. ; ’
C&nsilium de Entendanda Ecclesia (1537),
n 33, 379, 643
super He formatione Sanctae Eomanae
Ecclesiae (1537), n 644
Consistory, The, of Galvin, n 374 sq.
Comolato del Marcy ix 43
Constance, Council of (1414-S), i 295, 620,
623, 655, 677; n 107, 128, 281; Diet of
(1507), I 317 ; refuses to publish the Edict
of Worms, n 160; the Peasants’ Eevolt
and, 179; the TeirapoUtana and, 212;
the fathers of, m 758, 764 ; Horn at, iv
231, 232; ix 57; bishopric of, ceded to
Baden, 94, x 361 ; and the revolutionary
movement, xi 145; 221
Hugo von Hohenlandenberg, Bishop
of, n 316, 324, 328, 329
Constans, Jean -Antoine -Ernest, French
statesman, xii 112; 119; 125
Constant de Bebecque, Henri-Benjamin,
vm 507; 677; ix 15; 24, 427; and Le
Censeur, 569-70; x 40; political views
of, 41; Acte’Additionnel drafted by, 42;
45; supports the Government, 51, 60;
54; and the Minervey 55; 59; 61; and
the new electoral schemes, 64; 67; opposes
new Press Law, 77, 89; opposes com-
pensation for the emigres, 86; Adolphe,
102; 103; and the Bevoiution of 1830,
477; XI 519
Constantine, taken by the French (1837), x
604; province of, xn 129
“ Constantine, Donation of,” proved spurious
by Valla, I 646, 602; m 750
Constantine VIII and Constantine IX
(Monomakhos), Emperors of Borne, and
the Tsars, v 483 sq.
XII, Palaiologos, Emperor of Borne,
V 482
Paulovich, Grand Duke of Eussia,
VI 674; 681; 696 ; 708; ix 291; policy
of, 492; at Vienna, 581; Polish mani-
festo of, 596; X 425; divorce of, 436;
and the succession to the throne, 437 sqq.;
441; and Poland, 447 sq., 451, 453 sq.,
456 sqq., 466 sq. ; opposes intervention
in France, 465 ; xi 214 ; and the emanci-
pation of the serfs, 615, 617 ; Viceroy of
Poland, 629, 658 sq.
Constantino. Bee La Fuente
Constantinople, earthquake at (1509), i 89 ;
fall of (1204), 255; captured by the
Turks (1453), 281, 285; Franco-Turkish
Alliance signed at, m 104; Ferdinand’s
embassies to, 106, 108, 118-20, 123-4;
return of Solyman II to (1532), 107,
(1536), 113, (1541), 119 ; negotiations at,
115; arrival of Venetian ambassador
Badoer in, 116 ; adorned and improved by
Solyman 11, 129 ; rebellion in, 130 ; 133-4 ;
naval preparations in, 136-7 ; Dutch trade
with, 631 ; Dutch mission to (1612), 645 ;
Bohemian and Hungarian embassy to, rv
64; Sir Thomas Boe at, 192; anarchy
in, V 367; 368; 515; Treaty of (1724),
■■■ ■
General Indew.
80&
545, (1739), w 308, (1784), vm 311;
Greek Empire at, vr 606; Kussiatt de-
signs on, vin 278; dealings of Sweden
with, IX 38 ; British fleet off, 236 ; Bussian
desire for, 306, 812, 313, 320, 386, 485;
Queen of Naples goes to, 384; France
and, 386 ; British fleet fails before, 388 ;
Patriarch of, x 170, 182; Janissaries at,
171, 192; 173; Ali of Janina at, 177;
178; Bussian ambassador leaves, 183;
ambassadors of the Powers in, 186, 193,
195, 197; withdrawn, 198; Bussian de-
signs on, 197, 202, 546 sq, , 651, 554, 562,
564; revolutions in (1808), 547; Canning
in, 549; Bussian fleet off (1833), 553;
plots in, 556, 559 ; at mercy of Ibrahim,
562, 569; 565; French influence at, 567 ;
571; XI 276; Greek Church at, 313; xn
33 sq.; German influence in, 341; 382;
revolution at, 385; conference of the
Powers at, 387, 403 ; 389 sq. ; 410 ; Ar-
menian massacre in, 417; 422; revolution
in (1908), 427 sq.; 435 sq.; Lord Dufferin
at, 438 ; Young Turk party in, 455
Constantsa, port of, xn 397
Constituent Assembly. See National As-
sembly
Constitution of the Year III, vin 392 sqq,,
487
FIJI. See Consulate
. — A, IX 22 sqq.
Xll, IX 108 sqq.
of Malmaison, drawn up by Bona-
pai-te for Switzerland (1801), ix 98 sqq.
Constitutional Act, of Canada (1791), rx 744
sq. ; X 688
Constitutional Church, of the French
Bevolution, civil constitution of, rm
196 sqq.; 500 sq. See also Chap. TH,
The Concordats, passim
Society, revolutionary society (1788),
VI 477
Constitutionnel, Le, French journal, x 493 ;
XI 292 ^
Constitutions, French, of 1791, Vol. vm,
Chap, vii, 176-210
Consulate, French, of 1799, Vol. ix, Chap.
I, 1-33
Consulta, Spanish, in the Netherlands, m:
198
Contarini, Alessandro, Venetian admiral
(1535), ra 113
Alvisi, papal representative at Mun-^
ster, rv 402 ; signs treaty between Franca,
Venice and Sweden, 679
Francesco, Venetian ambassador,
n 381
Gasparo, Cardinal, ii 23, 33, 75; at
Diet of Eatisbon (1451), 240, 398, 660;
386; Oratory of Bivine Love and, 379,
641, 642; church reform and, 643 sq.,
667 ; 648; death of, 660; m 76, 467,
750
- — Venetian amlmBsador, m
645 -
Cont5, Nicolas-Jacques, French chemist,
vm 606
Contemporary, Bussian journal, xn 295 sqq.
Conti, Armand de Bourbon, Prince of, and
Duchess of Longueville, iv 609; joins
rebels, 611; imprisoned at Vincennes,
612; propos^ marriage of, 613; Governor
of Champagne, 614; Cond^ and, 615; 618
— 3?*ranqois-IiOuis de Bourbon, Prince
of, V 370; 449; vi 191; 243; 246 sq.;
340
Louis- Fran<?ois-Joseph de Bourbon,
Prince of, emigrates (1789), vm 165
-- — General Torquato, commander of
Imperial forces in Pomerania, iv 196
Continental System, rx 122 sqq. ; Chap,
xni, 361-89 ; effects of, on British trade,
240 sqq. ; and Switzerland, 425 sq.
Contra-Bemonstrants (Gomarists), in 647-
55
Contreras (Mexico), Scott’s victory at
(1847), VII 396
Juan Senen de, Spanish general,
defends Tarragona against Suchet, ix 465
Contrition and attrition, distinction between
doctrines of, n 126
Conventicle Act, the First (1664), v 103,
333; the Second (1670), 202, 206, 333
Convention Parliament, of 1660, v 94, 96
sq. ; and church matters, 329; of 1689,
249 sqq., 259
“ Convention of the Straits,” of 1841, x
672
Conversino da Bavenna, Giovanni di
(Latinist), i 543, 666, 658
Conway, Edward Conway, 2nd Baron,
Boyalist plot of, iv 314
— Henry Seymour, Field-Marshal* vi
432; Secretary of Slate, 435 sqq.; 456;
463
Cony, London merchant, trial of, iv 441
Conyers, Sir John, Byron replaced by, iv
299
Conz, Bridge of, battle at, vr 4
Cook Islands, British protectorate over, xii
667
James, navigator, vx 182; xii 805;
814
Cooke, Edward, Under-Secretary for Ire-
land, IX 703
George, joint Paymaster of the
Forces, vi 437
Sir George, lieutenant-general, at
Quatre Braa* ix 629
Cook’s Straits, xi 793
Coolgardie, gold discovert at, xix 619
Cooper, AnthonyAsMey. Bee Shaftesbury,
1st Karl of
Fenimore, vii 742
Peter, Greenbaek tsandidate for Presi-
dency, vn 646
— - Thomas, in China, xii 796
Co-operative IWioIosale Society, xii 740
Cooper’s Creek, exploration of, xx 7^ ;
squatters in, xxx 619
S06
General Index,
Ooorg, annexation of, xi 730; 750
Ooombeert, 0irk Yolkerts, Buteii scholar,
17 718
Coote, Sir Charles, victory of, at Sligo, iv
5S9; 582; in Bister, 634; Athlone stir-
renders to, 535; 538; in communication
■with Monck, 547
Sir Eyre, general, vi 469; 548 sq. ;
554; and Mir Jafar, 558; death of, 577
Sir Eyre (nephew of above), vm
6X8; IX 858
Cop, Guillaume, royal physician, n 351
Jean, Canon, ii 351
Michel, Protestant pastor, ii 351
Mcolas, Sector of University of
Paris, II 285, 351; rectorial address of
(1533), 354
Cope, Sir John, lieutenant-general, vi 112
sqq-
officer in Indian army, vi 541
Copenhagen, University of, ii 605, 617,
VI 739; JSerredag of (1530), n 612 sq#;
recess of (1536), 6^; Palatine agents in,
rv 85, 89 ; abortive expedition of Charles
X against (1658), 432, 541, 560, v 147 ; at
Charles^ mercy, iv 585 ; 587 ; relieved by
Opdam, 588; negotiations at, 590; Dano-
Swedish treaty signed at, 591; treaties
at (1645), 602, (1660), 621, (1727),
7 551; Estates at, 558; coup d^etat
at, 559 sq.; 561; 581; the plague at,
582; 583; 610 sq.; Peter the Great at,
612; VI 36; BestuzheS at, 813; under
Frederick lY, 737; under Christian YI,
738; Bernstorff at, 740; 743 sq. ; 746
sqq.; 754; Conventions signed at (1780),
IX 44; battle of (1801), 49 sqq., 49-50;
effect of the news of, 70; bombardment
of (1807), 236, 298 sq., 305; Congress
proposed at, 287 ; important position of,
296; slow recovery of, after Napoleonic
wars, XI 691 ; port of, xii 291 ; 293
Copernicus, Nicholas, i 638; n 707; iv
777; v708 ; 713; vi792; x 137
Coppenole (of Bruges), rebel, 1 446, 448 8q[.
Coppermine river, exploration on, xn 814
Cop]^t, retirement of Madame de Stadl to,
IX 131; brilliant society at, 427
Coppi, Antonio, Italian historian, xn 842
Coram, Thomas, philanthropist, vn 61
Corbeil, taken by Parma (1590), m 49
Corbet, John, Puritan author, v 331
Miles, regicide, v 149
Corbie, garrison at, hi 672-3
Oorbi^re, Comte Jacques- Joseph-Guillaume-
Pierre de, x 47; supports reactionary
measures, 49; 54; and Eichelieu, 57;
61; and the new electoral scheme, 64,
67; Minister of Education, 68; 70;
appointed president of the Council of the
University, 73; 74; 90
Corbon, Claude-Anthime, French politician,
XI 111
Ooreeiles, Glaude-F.-P^ Tirciy de, mission
of, to Borne, xi 117 ^ . -
Corday-d'Armans, Marie Anne Charlotte de,
assassinates Marat, vm 346
Cordeliers^ Club des, vm 161, 200, 267, 272
Cordier, Mathurin, French Protestant, ii
286, 351, 372
Cordilleras, mineral wealth of the, xn 692
Cdrdoba. See also Cordova
(Argentina), x 281 ; reactionary move-
ment in, 286 ; 300; Treaty of (1821), 304
Cordova, scholars of, in 545 ; sack of (1808),
IX 437 ; troops at, xii 261
*— ■ (Cordoba), Fernando Fernandez de,
Spanish general, x 237, 239; xi 551;
669
Gonzalo Hernandez de, Prince of
Yenossa, Prince of Maratra y Corduba,
“The Great Captain,’’ i 115 sqq.; cam-
paign of, in Naples, 124 sq. ; 132 ; 196 ;
233 ; 361-5 ; iv 78 ; 80 sq. ; 85 ; besieges
Casale, 134; Ferdinand II and, 678 ; at
Maestrieht, 695
• Jos4 de, Spanish admiral, viri 461,
463
or Cordoba, Luis de, Spanish admiral,
VI 376; 379
Odrduba. See Cordova
Corea, China and, xi 802; 824; 844
Corfu, devastated by Turks (1537), in 114,
117 ; fleet of Triple Alliance at, 135-6 ;
the French in, vin 690, 633; Busso-
Turkish blockade of, 607, 646 ; re-
victualled, IX 237 ; 239 ; importance of,
to Napoleon, 311 ; a centre of English
commerce, 381 ; discussion of the fate of,
604-5; placed under British protectorate,
CoHnne, Madame de Stael’s (1807), ix 131
Corinth, siege of, by Venice (1463), i 79 ;
occupied by the Yenetians (1687), v 365
(Mississippi), Confederates at (1862),
vn 496 sq. ; Haileck’s advance on, 498
sq. ; battle of (1862), 601
Cork, Spanish design to seize, m 532 ;
trade in, 579; landing of Wolfe at (1561),
592; siege of (1569). 695; O’Bonneii
executed at, 596; “undertakers” in, 599;
James II at, v 308 ; taken by Marlborough
(1690), 316; the provision trade of, vr
490; Parliamentary reform in, ix 697;
.705; Parnell returned for, xh 77; 88;
Queen’s College, 29, 71 sq.
— Biohard Boyle, 1st Earl of, Irish
finance and, iv 517 ; Wentworth and,
518
Cormatin-BSsoteux, Baron Pierre -M.-
FeUoit4 de, Ghouan leader, vni 379
Cormenin, Louis-Marie de la Haye, Yicomte
de, XI 115
Cormoy, armistice of, xi 541
Cornbury, Edward Hyde, Yiscount. See
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of
Corneille, Pierre, v 66 sqq . ; 125 ; xe 528
Comelio, Tommaso, Cartesian philosophy
and, IV 791
Cornelius, Peter von, German painter, x 151
General Index.
SOT
Comet, Comte Mattiiieu-AtigTistiH,Fresiient
of the Commission of the Inspectors, vni
677 sq.
Cometo, Adriano di, Cardinal. See Castel-
lesi,.'..
Cornic-Bomonlins, Pierre-Franqois, French
admiral, viir 4-66 ,
Cornish, Sir Samuel, Tice-Admiral, vi 369 ;
•-■.427.'v , ,
Com-Iaws, English, of 1815, x 590 sqq.;
Irish, of John Foster (1784), vi 503 sq.
See also Trade
Cornnda, Austrian success at, xi 86; 87
Cornudet des Chomettes, Comte Joseph,
Yin 683, 686
Cornwall, rising in (1549), n 485 ; Spanish
expeditions to, in 321, 673; condition
of parties in (1642), iv 305, 314; Essex
in, 323; Parliament’s hold over, 332;
Fairfax and Hopton in, 334; Duke of
Ormond in, yi 102 ; parliamentary repre-
sentation of, X 608 ; Liberalism in, xn 31
Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Earl,
and 1st Marquis, vi 453 ; in India, 475,
664, 568, 577, ix 710-5; vn 212 sq.,
223 sqq.; at Yorktown, 230 sq. ; vm 92;
IX 76; Viceroy of Ireland, 702; 704;
death of, 730; x 629; xii 498
Edward, Governor of Nova Scotia, vn
, 121 sq.
Sir William, Admiral, vm 454, 471;
in charge of the English squadron off
Brest (1803), ix 210 sqq.; blockades
Brest, 213 sqq.
Coro, Miranda lands near, x 281; royalist
city, 288
Corocoro, siver mines at, v 682
Coromandel, the Dutch and, iv 711;
the Great Elector and, v 646 ; the Dutch
in, 695, 697 ; coast, the, vi 534 sq. ; 638 ;
547 ; 549 ; dynastic wars on, 561 ; 677
Coron, seis^ by Andrea Doria, in 108;
negotiations for surrender of, 109
Coronel, Pablo, Spanish scholar, n 400 sq.
Corot, Jean-Camille-Baptiste, painter, xi
528
Corporation Act, of 1661, v 97; terms of
the, 329 .
dorps Legislatif, formation of, vm 393 sqq.,
Chap. XVI passim
Corpus Christi (Texas), Taylor at (1845),
vn 394
Corpus Christ! Day, observation of, ceases
tn England, n 603
Corpus Imcriptionum Graecarum, xn 821;
844
— XmaripU&mM LaUnanm, xn 848
- — - JwH$ Camnidg new edition of, n
686; m 742
— Mimiamm (1559), in 150
Correro, or Comaro, feovanni, Venetian
ambassador, in France, in 276
Corresponduntf X»e, French journal, x 500
**Corr^onding*’ Princes, m 716 sqq.' \
Corrichie, batik at, m 268
Corrientes, insurgents in, xn 681
Gorro. See Del Corro
Corryarrack, Pass of, vi 112
Corsica, given up by French (1658), n 64;
offered to Cosimo de’ Medici, in 386 ;
granted to the Genoese, 478; France
and, VI 439, 610, 623; Jesuits in, 593;
608 sq. ; blockaded by the British (1793),
vm 458 ; evacuated (1796), 461 ; failure to
grow cotton in, ix 125; bishops and
priests transported to, 197
Cort, Henry, and iron manufacture, x 733
Corte, Bernardino de, betrays Milan, 1 121
Cortenberg, Letter of (1312), i 419
Cortereal, Gaspard, Portuguese explorer,
I 36
Cortes, Hernan, invades Mexico, i 41 sqq. ;
n 101
Cortese, Gregorio, Abbot of San Georgio
Maggiore, Venice, ii 33, 379 ; the Oratory
of Divine Love and, 641 ; ciaurch reform
and, 643 ; monastic reforms of, 647
Corti, Count, Italian Foreign Minister, xii
394; at Constantinople, 402
Cortina, Manuel, Spanish statesman, xi
551
Cortois de Pressigny, Gabriel, Bishop of
St Malo ; later Archbishop of Besanqon,
X 140
Cortona, Silvio Passerino, Cardinal of, ii
56
Corunna, Spanish Armada at, iii 310,
506; sack of, 318; Irish refugees at,
504; Msh Catholics at, 529; depaiiiure
of new Armada from (1596), 529; vi
105 ; blockaded, 125 ; French ships take
refuge at, ix 211 ; Villeneuve reaches,
226; Baird lands at, 443; 444; British
retreat to, 445 sqq. ; battle of (1809), 446 ;
revolt at (1820), x 216; and the West
Indian trade, 275
Corvefeto, Count Luigi Emmanuele, French
Minister of Finance, x 47; 50
Corvey, Abbey of, rx 90; acquired by
Prussia, 657
Corvinus, Matthias. See Matthias Corrinus,
King of Hungary
Coryate, Thomas, traveller, vi 615
Corxana, Count, Imperial plenipotentiary
at Utrecht, v 439
Cosa, Admiral de, xi 87
Coscia, Cardinal, vi 587 ; 589
Cosimo I. See Tawany, Grand Dukes of
Cosin, John, Bishop of Durham, Book of
BevotionSf iv 273
Oosmao Keijulien, Baron Julien-Marie de,
Spanish commodore, m 233
Cksmati, The, m 438
Cos»olce, rising of, vi 681; 696; Bus»
and, XI 273
Coss^, Artus de, Comte de Secondigny,
Marshal of France (Marshal 'Cos^,
brother of Marshal Brtesac), iii 10 sqq.;
22, 24
Costa, Andrea, Italian sociadkt, xn 231 sq.
308
General Index,
Costa, Isaac da, Batch poet, xr 676
de Beauregard, Count Henry of, rm
780
Costa Biea, xii 672; and the Clayton-
Bulwer Treaty, 686
Coster, Samuel, Dutch dramatist, it 720
Cotes, George, Bishop of Chester, n 631
Eoger, mathematician, v 720
Cotta, Johann Briedrich, Baron de Cotten-
dorf (German pnblisber), tl 588; x 361
— Bran Brsiila, Bather and, n 110
Cottbns. See Kottbus
Cotterau (Cotterean), Jean, Cliouan leader,
Yin 379
Cotton, Sir Willoughby, General, xi 728
Coney, Edict of (1535), n 286 sq.
Gonianges, Eustel de. See Fnstel de
Coulaiiges
Conlmiers, German defeat at, xi 603 ;
606
Council, the Great (at Venice), closing of
(1296 , I 160, 271 sqq.
of Blood (1567), III 216 sqq,
of the Borty-eight at Blorence, m
387-8
of notables, viii 66; summoned,
100 gq., assembles (1787), 102 sqq,,
diS8olYe4 105; reassembled (1788), 116,
dissolYed, ih,
— - of Begency. Bee Meichsreghnent
of Ten (at Venice), i 274 sq.; in
1B7-8
of the Two Hundred at Blorence,
HI 388
of theNorth, instituted by Henry VIII,
n 448, 471
Connter-Beformation, preparation for the,
see VoL i, Chap, xviii, Catholic Europe,
passim ; growth of the movement, 677 sqq. ;
see Vol. n. Chap, i passim, but more es-
pecially Chap. VI, Social Kevolution and
Catholic Beaction in Germany, 174-206;
Chaps, vn and vm, Conflict of Creeds,
etc., and War In Germany, 206-79; xn.
The Catholic South, 377-415 ; xv, Bhilip
and Mary, 612-49; xviii, The Church
and Eeform, 639-89; ahx, Tendencies
of European Thought in the iige of
the Keformation, passim, 690-718; in
Switzerland, n 338 ; in Poland, see VoL
HI, Chap, m, The Catholic Eeaction..,m
Poland, 73-103; in the Empire, etc., in
Hungary, Bohemia and Austria, under
Ferdinand I, see ib. Chap, v passim, 140-
81; under Maxmxlian II, ib.; ^
Netherlands, and its connexion with the
revolt, 184 sqq. ; in Europe generally,
260 sq.; and Mary Stewart, Chap, vni
passim, 260-93 ; in Florence, under Co-
simo de’ Medici, 889 sq.; Chap, xiii.
Borne under Sixtus V, passim, 422-65;
harsh side of, 466 ; in Ireland, importance
of the movement, 687lt692 i^q*; in -the
Empire under Budolf 11, Chap, xxi pamim,
696-735; and the outbreak "^l^ty
Years’ War, see Vol. iv, Chap, t passim ;
in re-conquered Bohemia, 73 sq. ; 676 sq.
See also Beformation, Jesuits, etc.
Country, Bussiau Journal, xii 309; 337
Count’s War (Grevefeide) (1534), n 230,
614 sq.
Coup d'etat of 18 Bruotidor, vm 509 sq.,
515; of 22 Floreal, 517; of 18 Brumaire,
678-88
Courbet, Am4d4e-A.~P., French admiral,
captures Boo-chow, xn 131; 132
Gustave, painter, xi 528
Courcelies, French force at, xi 586
Courier de M4r4, Paul-Louis, ix 270 ; x 103 ;
XI 526
Courier de Turin, newspaper provided by
the French Government, ix 397
Courland (Kurland), and Bussia, n 144;
a semi - independent duchy, in 73;
Swedish veto upon Danish trade with,
IV 177, 179; and Gustavus Adolphus,
183, 185; Charles X and, 589; v 494;
555; Charles XII in, 592; 594; Swedish
occupation of (1701), 666; Prussia and,
667 ; VI 302 ; 317 sq. ; 629 ; Bussian in-
fluence in, 665 sq. ; abolition of serfdom
in, X 427 ; the Patriotic Society in, 454 ;
Bussian administration of, xn 335 ; 363
Anne, Duchess of . Anne, Tsarina
Benigna (von Treiden), Duchess of,
VI 302
Ernst Johann Biren, Duke of. See
Biren
Frederick William, Duke of, v 550
Jakob III, Duke of, vi 301
Couni.er, French journal, x 59 ; 81 ; 88; 102
dcB Fays-Bas, x 532
frangais, xi 486
Courrieres, Count de, commissioner in
England for Spanish marriage, ii 525
Court, de, French admiral, vi 160; 236
Conrteen, Sir William, Assada Association
and, IV 731; settlement of Barbados and,
756
Courtenay, Edward. ■ See Devonshire, Earl
of
Courthope, Nathaniel, at Pulo Bun, rv 736 ;
745 " '
Courtney, Hugh, arrest of, iv 447
Courtray, battle of (1302), i 426 ; taken by
the French (1646), iv 598; Spain and,
V 45, 63; taken by France (1667), 199;
416; taken by Marshal Saxe, vi 240;
French victory at, vni 435
Courvoisier, Jean- Joseph- Antoine, x 67
Cousin, Victor, excluded from the Sorbonne,
X 73, 78 ; restored to his post, 93 ; 103 ;
514; XI 23; 36; 120; as a philosopher,
'526
Cousin - Montauban, Charles-G.-M.- A.- A.
Bee Palikao, Comte de
Consseau, Ani Charles, Bishop of Angou-
i5me. See Angouldme
Contances, A.*F. de Talaru de Chalmazel,
Bishop of, vni 156
Gm&ral Indesc.
309
€outbon, Georges, one of tbe Enrag£$f vin
213; on Comite de Salut FubliCf 343,
345 sq., 351, 364, 368; arrest and execu-
tion of, 370 sq.
Coutras, Huguenots* first victory at, m 43
Couza, Alexander John, Prince of Moldo-
Wallaehia, xi 644 sq.
€ovenant. Solemn League and, adopted by
Parliamentary party (1643), ly 317 sqq. ;
and Westminster Assembly, 358; 488;
national (Scottish), iv 488 sqq, ; character
and early history of, 497 sqq.
Coventry, Mary Queen of Scots, imprisoned
at, ni 282 ; Cumberland’s army at, ti 114
Henry, envoy to Sweden, v 109;
and the Treaty of Breda, 112
Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron, ship-
money and, IV 282
Sir William, Secretary to the navy
under the Duke of York, v 113, 183;
210; 216
Coverdale, Miles, Bishop of Exeter, transla-
tion of the Bible by, n 465; 501, 539;
assists in Parker’s consecration, 572
Coveripak, Clive at, vi 541
Covode, John, American politician, vn
469
Cowell, John, professor of law, vi 786
Cowley, Abraham, succours Crashaw, iv
772; not a Fantastic Poet, 773 sq,; v
129 ; 132 ; and the Philosophical College,
740; 745; vi 791
Hannah, dramatist, x 699
Sir Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl, sent
to Lucknow, ix 724 sq. ; x 37 ; ambas-
sador at Madrid, 211 sq.; ambassador
at Paris, XI 333
Captain, and the Falkland Islands,
VI 373
Cowpens, Tarleton defeated at (1781), m
227
Cowper, Francis Thomas de Grey Cowper,
7th Earl, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, xn
40; 79; 81
William, poet, VI 79; 826; 828; viii
765; X 699; 724
William Cowper, 1st Earl, v 446;
465; 469
Cox, Dr Bichard, Bishop of Ely, ii 557,
665, 567, 575
English colonel, defends Almeida,
IX 459
Crabbe, George, x 700 sq.
Cracow, Compact of (1625), in 73; Pro-
testantism in, 74, 78, 84; Canons of, 75;
76; University of, 77, 87, 102; corona-
faon of Henry of Valois at (1674), 88-9 ;
Sight of Henry from, 90 ; Maximilian II
declared King at (1576), 96; Bsthory’s
supporters march to, 97 ; Stephen B4th-
'ory’s -9tate entry into (1676), 98; Arch-
duke Mkomilian defeat^ al, 450, it 168 ;
Palarine of, 189; taken by Charles X,
|16i6), T 480; Swedes in, 506;
592; AuguOTs H crowned at, m 191 1
669; Bussians expelled from (1794), viis
642; surrenders to Prussia, 646, 648;
ceded to Austria (1796), 549, 662;
Schwarzsenberg marches on (1813), ix
511; declared a free city, 598; Beptiblic
of, 599, 647, 655, 670; Province of,
formed, x 449 ; Patriotic Society at, 463 ;
Kepubiic of, 455, 460 sq. ; annexed to
Poland, 461 ; annexed by Austria, xi 39,
46 sq., 250; journal published in, xn
339
Cracow, Franeiscas Krasinski, Bishop of,
and Polish Diet (1575), iii 96
Palatine of. See FMej, Grand
Marshal of Poland
Cradock, Francis, and scheme for a national
bank, v 266
Sir John Francis, 1st Baron Howdon,
commands British troops in Portugal,
IX 448; superseded by Weliesley, 449;
Governor of Cape Colony, 763
Ciaft-gilds, in Flemish communes, i 428;
13th century importance of, 511-3
Craftsmarii The^ political journal, vi 71
Cragge, James, vi 41; 181
James, the younger, vi 30; 34; 38;
41; 181; x 625
Craig, Sir James Henry, General, in
Canada, ix 745 sq.; expedition of, to
Cape Colony, 749
John, Scottish Keformer, ii 591; ni
275
Craigmillar, Conference at (1566), m 273
Crail, Jacobites at, vi 99
Cramer, Charles FrMdric, Danish writer,
Tin 788
Johann Andreas, German divine,
VI 741
Crampel, Paul, African explorer, xzi 130
Cranach, Lucas, German painter, u 159
Ctanbome, Lord. See Salisbury, 3rd Mar-
quis of
Cranfield, Sir Lionel See Middlesex, Earl
of
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, I 641 ; n 26, 49 ; visits ■ Germany,
219 ; 241 ; 433, 439 sq. ; Anne Boleya’s
trial and, 445; 464, 481, 484; 517, 521;
imprisonment of, 638 ; disputation of, at
Oxford, 539 ; trial of, ib , ; death of, 542
Craonne, Bliicher repulses the French at
(1814), IX 551
Crashaw, Bichard, educarion of, it 771;
characteristics of, 772 sq.
Oraufurd, Bobert, Major-General, charge
of, at Busaco, it 461 ; expedition of, to
OhiH, 753
Craven, Charles, Governor of Carolina,
vn ^
Tunis Augustus, American naval
comiaander, vn 565
Crawford, John Lindsay, 20th Earl 0^
VI 116
William Harris, AmerJbaa itaiw-
man, vii 360, 373 sq.
310
General Index,
Cxawfordj WiEiam Lindsay, 18th Earl of,
V 292
Crawford, John, envoy to the Court of Siam,
xn 535
Creagh, Bichard, Archbishop of Armagh,
m 593
Creek Indians, The, vn 345
Creevey Fapers^ The^ ix 687
Orefeld, taxation in, vi 221; silk manu-
f^tnre at, x 732
Creighton, Mandeli, Bishop of London, xu
841; 847
Crema, the French occupy, vm 585
Cramer, Camille, French officer, xi 604;
606; 608
Cr^mieus, Adolphe, xi 102 sq. ; Minister of
Justice, 104
Gaston, French politician, xi 503
Cremona, siege of (1526), n 53; raid on,
by Prince Eugene (1702), v 403; Elisa-
beth Famese and, vi 152; 154; Napo-
leon captures (1796), viii 669, (1800),
IX 62; congress at, xn 235
Bishop of, XII 229
Cr^py, Peace of (1544), n 78 sq., 245, 289,
469, 662, m 465, 477
Cr^quy de Blanchefort et de Canaples,
Charles, Marquis de, Marshal of France,
defeated (1598), in 417 ; at Susa, iv 135 ;
370
Crescentius, Peter, m 471
Grescenzio, Marcello, Cardinal, n 671 sq.
Crespin, Jean, Livre des Martyrs, n 293
Creswell, Father Joseph, m 533
Crete, acquired by Venice, i255; Venetian
colonisation of, 256; Turks in, v 40,
342, 344, 348; pashalik of, x 548; xi
313; 324; the Powers and, 634; dis-
turbances in, 636 ; Constitution for, 637 ;
XII 10; 382; insurrection in, 391; 392;
Treaty of Berlin and, 398 sq. ; 406 ; 416 ;
affairs.in (1878-1908), 418 sqq. ; 422 sqq. ;
Greece and, 427 sq.; 728
Cretet, Emmanuel. See Champnol
Greusot, industries at, x 732, 744, 756;
the Commune at, xr 503
CreutK, Count Philip, Swedish Chancellor,
VI 777
Creuz4-Latouche, Jacques- Antoine, mem-
ber of the National Assembly, vm 386,
501
Oreuzer, G. Friedrich, writings of, zn
821 sq,
Crdveeoeur, Philip de (des Querdes), rebels
against Maximilian 1, 1 394, 438, 446 ; 461
Crew, Nathaniel, 3rd Baron Crew of Stene,
Bishop of Durham, v 234
Sir Bandal, dismissal of, iv 266
Crichton, Father, in 288, 290
Crieff, burnt by Jacobites, vi 102
Criilon, Louis de Berton des Balbes de
Quiers, Duke of, and Duke of Mahon,
at Minorca, vi 379
Crimea, Tartors from, reinfor<^ Imperial
troops, m 107 ; Bussia and, v 343, 368,
479, 493; vi 305; 307; 634; 648; 651;
Catharine H and, 668, 672 ; 673 ; an-
nexed by Bussia (1783), 675 sq., vm 311,
814; VI 695; ceded to Bussia, 709; 778;
vm 308; Stolypin in, xii 377
Crimea, Khan of, v 504 ; 506; 521; 599
Crimean War, Great Britain and the, Vol.
XI, Chap. XI ; 263; 266; 272; and Moldo-
Wallachia, 284; 300; causes and results
of, 305 sq.; 325; 346; influence of, on
English literature, 351; Piedmont and,
873 ; Austria and, 401 sq. ; 635 ; Greece
and, 639; 764; Canada and, 769; 830;
xii 294, 301, 728, 796
Crispi, Francesco, Italian statesman, xi
533; XII 215; Ministry of, 217 sq.; fall
of, 218 ; and African affairs, 239 sqq.
Cristina (Maria Cristina of Naples), Queen
Begent of Spain, x 231 sq. ; policy of, as
Queen Begent, 233 sq. ; and Code of
Cadiz, 237; negotiations of, with Don
Carlos, 239; abdication of, 241; 242;
XI 38; 550 sq.; and the marriage of
her daughters, 553 sqq. ; withdraws to
Paris, 556; 557 ; corrupt practices of, 559
sq. ; leaves Spain, 561
Critica Sociale, Italian socialist journal,
xn 231
Crittenden, John Jordan, American poli-
tician, VII 581
Crivelii, Julius Cmsar, Bavarian diplomatic
agent, iv 680
Cmoievid, Stephen, the maker of Monte-
ne^o, I 74
Croatia, fighting in, during the war of
1809, tx 355 ; French provinces of, 418 ;
Marmont’s action in, 419 ; revolutionary
movement in, xi 156; 170; Hungary and,
173, 202; 177 sqq.; Diet of, 180; 206;
209 ; reaction in, 217 ; 399 ; xn 180 ; and
the Compromise of 1868, 182, 190, of
1879, 198; 209 sq.
Crocco, Italian brigand, xi 531
Croft, Herbert, Bishop of Hereford, v 331 ;
334
• Sir James, heads rebellion against
Mary, n 526
Croissy, Charles . Colbert, Marquis de,
French ambassador in England, v 203
sq.; 209; 211
Croix, La, French journal, xii 120
Croizier, aide-de-camp to Napoleon, vm
606
Croke, Bichard, Cambridge Hellenist, 1 580,
645
Thomas W., Boman Catholic Arch-
bishop of Cashel, xii 85; 87
Croker, John Wilson, x 615; 655
Cromarty, George Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of,
VI 117
Crome, Edward, Protestant Beformer, n 539
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl, xn 240 ;
and Egyptian finance, 434 ; 438; Consul-
General in Egypt, 439 sqq., 445 sq.; 464;
retires, 456
General Index.
511
Cromer, George, Archbishop of Armagh, nr
mi
Crommelin, Samuel Louis, and the Irish
Imen industry, vi 482
Crompton, Samuel, inventor of the spin-
ning-mule, vn 374, IX 372, x 735
Cromwell, Henry, succeeds Fleetwood in
. Ireland, iv 538; resignation of, 540
Oliver, Protector, abolition of Epis-
copacy and, IV 292; Eemonstrance and,
296; member for Cambridge, 304; with
Essex, 311 ; Ironsides of, 312 ; at Gran-
tham, 313 ; 314 ; victory of, at Wincefey,
315 ; 318 ; and toleration, 320 ; Lieutenant-
General, 321 ; at Marston Moor, 322 ; at
Newbury, 324; Self-denying Ordinance
and, 325 sqq, ; at Taunton, 328; raid of,
round Oxford, 329; at Naseby, 330; in
Dorset, 332; in Hampshire, 333; at
Bovey Tracey, 334 ; and Parliament,
337 ; 341 ; and the army, 342 ; mediates
between army and Parliament, 343 ; and
Charles I, 344 sq. ; suppresses mutiny in
army, 346; and Charles II, 347; at
Windsor, 348; takes Pembroke, 349; at
Preston, 350; King’s trial and, 353; and
Pride’s Purge, 354; dissolves Bump, 362 ;
Charles X of Sweden and, 429; and
the Commonwealth (1649-53), 434-8;
Protector, 438-48; ecclesiastical policy
of, 453 sq. ; revenue and, 456 sq. ; militia
and, 458 ; Irish expedition of, 463 ; 469 ;
expedition of Penn and Venables and,
481; service of Shaftesbuiy under, 485;
ascendancy of, 506; 507; in Edinburgh,
508; army of, in Scotland, 610; in
Ireland, 532 sqq. ; settlement of Ireland
and, 536, 538; death of, 448, 540; policy
of, 543; 544; Monck and, 545; 551; and
Spain, 659 sq,; and Coade, 616; and
Mazarin, 619; and East India Company,
746; and Portugal, v 105, 107; and
Mazarin, 106; and Dutch Bepublic, IBS,
140 sqq.; and Nieuwpoort, 146; 178;
266 ; and Ireland, 315 ; and the religious
sects, 327 sq. ; 833; and Spain, 372, 375,
378; 386; Elector Frederick William
and, 648 ; 680 ; 697 ; Protestant Scheme
of, VI 614; 795 sq.; 803; 805; 813; and
Acadia, vii 75
Eichard, proclaimed Protector, iv
448; Parliament and, 449 sq.; army and,
451; dissolves Parliament, 452; end of
Protectorate of, 453 sq. ; 539 sq. ; Monck
and, 545; 549; intrigue for xestomtion
of, 553
— Thomas, Earl of Essex, ii 432;
becomes Kin^s secreiaiy, 440 sq. ; Vicar-
General, 442; visitation of monasteries
ordered by, 444; fall of, 451; character
of, 451 sq. ; the translation of the Bible
and, 405 sq. ; in 113; 737
Cf^idca Cimtijim p x 210; 212
Cronje, Piel ArnolduSi Boer genwal, xa
642
Oronsbmch, Caspar Florenz, Baron von,
at Dtrecht, v 439
Crook, George, American officer, in the
Kanawha Valley (1864), vii 616
Oropredy Bridge, Waller defeated at, iv
■ .-823
CroqtiantSf The, m 664
Crosa, Marquis, Sardinian envoy, x 109
Crosby, Brass, Lord Mayor of London, vi
444
Gross, Bichard Asshelon Cross, 1st Vis-
csount, Home Secretary, xn 30; 481
Crowley, Bobert, on agrarian reform, n
Crown Point, captured by the colonists
(1776), VII 166
Crowne, John, dramatist, v 126 sq.; 132;
136
Croy, Prince Charles EugSne de, v 369 ; 589
Charles Philip de. Bee HavrA
William of, Seigneur de Chidvres,
I 369 sq., 452 sqq. ; n 38, 43
William of, Cardinal, Archbishop of
Toledo, I 370, 379
See also Aerschot
Crozat, Antoine, French merchant, and
Louisiana, vi 172; French financier, vii
88, 92
Cruciger, Caspar, Lutheran Eeformer, ii
207, 250
Grusenstolpe, Swedish journalist, xi 684 sq.
Cmzada^ The, Spanish tax, n 63
Crynssen, Abraham, captures Tobago, v 152
Csanyi, Laszlo, Hungarian statesman, xi
212; 214
Csokonai, Michael Vitdz, Hungarian poet,
: XI 423
Cuba, Spanish colonies in, i 40 sq.; a
Spanish p<^session, v 687; economic
conditions of, vi 186 ; French in, vii 108 ;
trad© of, 327; Bnit^ State and, 432,
438, 673; insurrections in (1868), 637,
(1895), 674 sqq. ; Spain relinquishes, 681
sqq.; Bepublic of, 686; and Spanish
, revenue, x 259 ; negroes in, 260 ; the
United States and, 309; industries in,
761; x£ 335; 557; proposed American
purchase of, 563; xii 56; rebellion in,
264 sq. ; lost by Spain, 266; 267; 530;
653 sq. ; United States and, 655 sq., 685,
696 sq.
Oubidres, Amedde-Louis Despans de, Fr«oh
general, xx 39
Guddalore, vi 454; besieged, 577
Cnddapah, Naw&b of, vi 541
Cudworth, Balph, Cambridge Piatonist,
Cartesian philosc^hy and, rv 791 ; v 750
sq.; 753
Cues, Nicholas of. See Cusanus
Custrin, Frederick V at, iv 68, 70; 196;
Gustavus and, 197 sqq., 201, 203; GaUas
at, 374; the Great Elector at, v 639; vr
212; arsenal of, 279; bombardment of,
280 ; 282 ; 298 ; Frederick William IH at,
1x277; capitulates (1806), 206; evacmted,
318 1 fortress o4 514
312
General Index.
Ciistrm. Bee Brandenburg- Ciistrin
Oujacius (Jacques Cujas), French Hellenist,
I 577; HI 5B sq.
CujaTia, Calvinism in, ni 75
Sfeanislas Karnkowski, Bishop of,
m 83; 90; crowns Stephen B&thory, 99
Culemburg, Count of, ni 217, 222
Cullen, Government force at, vi 116
Paul, Cardinal, Archbishop of Dublin,
sn 69
Culloden, battle of, T 326, vi 116, 246
Culmbach, v 622
See Brandenburg-Culmbach
Cnlmland, The, and Poland, v 629 ; and the
German Order, 630 ; 634
Culmore Castle, surprised by O’Dogherty,
III 613
Culpeper, Lord Thomas, Governor of Vir-
ginia, YJX 9 sq,, 199
Cultura Sociale, Italian journnl, xii 230
Culverwell, Nathanael, Cambridge Pia-
tonist, V 752
Gum. ad nihil, Bull establishing Inquisition
in Portugal (1531), n 413 sq.
Cumana, Dutch trade with, v 688; war-
ships at, X 290
Cumberland, Prince Charles in, vi 114
George Ciii^ord, 3rd Earl of, and
naval war with Spain, m 319; and the
English East India Company, iv 730
Henry Frederick, Duke of, marriage
of, VI 445
William Augustus, Duke of, vi 114
sqq. ; at Fontenoy, 242 sq. ; 246 sqq* ;
263; 340 sq.; 405; 408
Ernest Augustus, Duke of. Ernest
Augustus, King of Hanover
Bichard (d. 1718), Bishop of Peter-
borough, V 753
— ■ Eichard, and the Gibraltar negotia-
tions (1799), VI 377 sq.
Cumberland Gap, Confederate troops in
(1861), vn 462 sq., (1862), 507
-- — Biver, trade on, vn 360; Fort
Donelson on, 494
Cunha, Luis da, Portuguese Secretary for
Foreign Adairs, vi 385
Tristao da, Portuguese explorer, 1 32
Cuniga. See Zuniga
Cunin-Gridaine, Laurent, x 511
Cunningham, Allan, in Australia, xi 790 sq.
S^ir James, and the English East
India Company, iv 730
Curapoa, ancient Dutch colony, iv 709 sq.,
751; contraband trade at, v 684; 687;
the Butch in, vi 186; port of, closed
(1804), vn 827 ; English capture of (1807),
IX 240, 368, 750; and the trade of
Veneiauela, x 257
Curci, Carlo Maria, Jesuit, xi 715
Cm6, Gustave, French Eepublican, xi 304
Our4e, J. F., suggests that Napoleon
should be declared Emperor, ix 31
Cureton, Charles Eobert, Brigadier-general,
in India, xi 741
Curie, Marie, and the discovery of radium,
XU 789
Pierre, work of, in radium, xn 789
Curione, Celio Secondo, Eeformer, n 382,
385, 391, 716
Curran, John Philpot, Irish Judge, retire-
ment of, IX 700; 702
Sarah, ix 707
Carrie, Sir Frederick, Indian official, xi
' 741
Dr John, of Liverpool, vni 765
Curry, John, historian, x 627
J. L. M,, Confederate Senator, vii
605
Curtatone, xi 86; battle of, 94
Curtis, Patrick, Archbishop of Armagh, x
650
Sir Eoger, Admiral, vin 479
Samuel Eyan, American general, vn
496
Curtius, Ernst, German historian, xii 844 sq.
Curwen, Dr Eichard, preaches before Henry
Vni against Peto, n 438
Curzoiari, islands of, in 135
Curzon, Sir Eobert, x 474 sq.
of Kedleston, George Nathaniel
Curzon, Lord, Viceroy of India, xii 486;
administration of, 48*8 sqq.; resigns, 496
Cusani, Augustine, Cardinal, ni 449
Gusano, Benedetto, Italian Eeformer, n 390
Cusanus, Cardinal (Nicholas Krebs of Cues),
I 435, 599, 608, 623; the Dialogue of
Deace, 624; 628 sq., 630 sqq., 689
Cushendun, Shane O^Neill at, ni 592
Cushing, Caleb, mission of, to China, xi
810 sq.
William Barker, blows up the Albe-
marle, vn 564
Custine, Comte Adam-Philippe de, com-
mands Army of the North, vm 339,
343, 423, 4*29; recalled to Paris and
executed (1793), 346, 430; commands
Army of the Vosges (1792), 413 sqq., 417,
422 sq., 775
Eenaud-Philippe de, French general,
executed (1794), vra 357
Custom of Paris, in Canada, vn 82
Custozza, battle of, xi 89, 122, 540
Cuvier, Georges-G.-L.-D., ix 133; xn 771
Cuxhaven, Prussia takes possession of (1800),
IX 46
Cuyaba, province of, vi 390
Ouzco, centre of Inca rule in Peru, i 44 sq. ;
the Indians of, x 260, 263 ; Tupac Amaru
marches on, 266 sq. ; revolutionary con-
spiracy in (1814), 299; 301
Cyclades, The, acquired by Venice, I 255;
X 202
Cyprian (Latin Father), early printed editions
of, I 616-7
Cyprus, Turkish designs on, m 130-3;
troops landed at, 134; taken by Turks,
134, 137, 399, 494-5; xn 33; 239;
British occupation of, xi 324, xn 399,
, 415; 428; 499
General Index. 313
Cyprus Contention, xn 398 sq.
Czapka, Ignaz, Bitter von Winstetten,
Burgomaster of Yienna, xi 154
Czamiecki, Stephen,* Polish general, de-
feated by Charles X, iv 582 sq. ; invades
Jutland, 588
Czarnkowski, Canon of Craeow (1549), m 78
Czarnovo, Eussians retreat from (1806), ix
Czartoryski, family of, vi 193; 196; pre-
dominance of, in Poland, 198 sqq.; 354;
666 sq.
Prince Adam George, Polish poli-
tician and general, vin 785 sq. ; ix 35 ;
246; advice of, to Alexander, 259; re-
port of Austerlitz of, 261; resignation
of, 272; 337; influence of, 483; 485;
at Congress of Yienna, 581; advice of,
592; X 418; curator of University of
Yiina, 430, 459; and Polish Constitution,
446; 448; 457; and Polish revolution,
466 sq., 472
Prince Augustus, Prince Palatine, vi
198
Florian, Primate of Poland, vi 198
Prince Michael, Prince Chancellor,
VI 198
Czaslau, Austrian troops in, vi 234
Czechs. See &chs
Czenstochowa, Polish monastery of, Swedes
fail before, iv 582
Czemovitz, meeting of Emperors at (1823),
X 187 sq.
Czuczor, Georg, Hungarian writer, xi 431
Dabo, Amirs defeated at, xi 737
Dacca, Court of Appeal at, ix 711
Dacia, kingdom of, vi 674; 676
Daoke, Nels, revolts against Gustavus Yasa,
■n 627
Dacre, Leonard (claiming to be Iiord Dacre
of Gillesland), m 281 sq.
— Thomas, Lord, Warden of the
Marches, ii 426
Thomas Eiennes, Lord, i 485
William, Lord, trial and acquittal
of, n 441
Dada Eashji, Gwalior Minister, xi 737 sq,
Dadar, General England at, xi 735
Dadizeele, Jan van, Bailli of Ghent, i 443
Daendel«, Hermann Willem, Dutch general,
vin 66*2; 787; ix90; Governor of Java,
754
Daghestan, Bussia and, v 545; annexed to
Bussi% X 413
Dagohert-Fontenille, Luc-Simdon-Auguste,
French general in Spain, vin 439 sq,
Dagonet, French commander in Spain, vin
446
Daguerre, Louis- Jacque8-Mand4, and photo-
graphy, X 755; xn 783
D^&Iwrg* Erik, leads Sw^bs from Fflnen,
rv 585; V 569; 587
DaMgien, John Adolf, American admiral,
TO 527 s^.
.Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph, x 376;
drafts Hanover Constitution, 374 ; 376;
. expelled from Hanover, 379 sq.; xi 49;
143; German Constitution of, 162 sq.;
164 sq.; opposes Malmoe Truce, 168;
195 ; withdraws from Frankfort Assembly,
200; 221
Dahomey, French conquest .of, xii. 129;
130; 659; explorers in, 807
Daily Telegraph, xii 810
Dain, Olivier le, i 440
' Daine, Eicolas, Belgian general, x 541 sq.
Dafckar, French Governor-General at, xie
660
Dakota, North, population of, vn 711;
■Southl and the currency question, 673
Dakotas, population of the, vii 708
Dalai Lama, of Tibet, xii 490 sq.
Dalayrac, Nicolas, ix .135'
Daiberg, Emmerich Joseph, Due de, and
the French regency, ix 558 ; at the Con-
gress of Yienna, 580; 584, 601
— — John von, Bishop of Worms, i 572,
634, 637
Earl Theodor Anton Maria von,
Elector of Mainz, etc., Primate of the
Confederation of the Bhine, ix 94; and
the rearrangement of the German States,
202-3 ; 268; principality created for, 414;
represented at Congress of Yienna, 587 ;
and the Final Act, 659; x 6; 145
Dale, Sir Thomas, expedition of, to the
Banda Islands, i? 735 sq.; High Marshal
of Yirginia, vn 6
Yalentine, envoy to French court,
III 27
Dalecarlia, seized by Sweden, n 600; 621,
624
Dales, The, Swedish mining districts, vi 779
Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Bamsaj,
Isfc Marquis of, vi 563 ; and the ** railway
mania,’* xi 4; 329; in India, 730, 740
sqq. ; administrative reforms by, 744;
747 ; 750 sq.; xri 462
Dalkeith, castle of, taken by the Cove-
nanters, IV 502
Dallemagne, Claude, Baron, French general,
vm 568, 038
D’Allemand, Cardinal, of Avignon, i 628
DalHng and Bulwer, Lord. See Bulwer
Dalmatia, Yenetian poWer in, i 254; l«t
by Venice (1381), 264; recovered, 278;
Turco- Yenetian war in, m 117; inroads
of the Uakoks in, rr 11; Yenetian con-
quests in, V 366, 371; Turks In, vi
$0; 648 ; 675; owed to Auetria (1797),
VI 0 683, 592; demanded from France,
IX 272; F»»ce and |180‘6-9), 396-7,
418; protectorship of Franciscan Order
in, 419; recovered by Austria (1815), 660 ;
XI 47; 179 sq.; Emperor of Austria in,
xn 382
— Duke of. See Souit
Dalny, xn 686; 596; ceded to Jai».n, 6^1
Dahreoch, burnt by Jacobites^ liiTI32‘
314
Gena’ol Indecc.
Dalrymple, Sir Hew Whitefoord, sent to
Spain, IX 440 ; agrees to convention with
Junot, 441; allows French to plunder
Lisbon, %b,% departure of, 442
Bee, also Stair
IDalton (Georgia), Confederate army at, vn
514, 621
Dalton, John, Indian officer, vi 541
John, man of science, xn 7S0; 769 sq.
Dalwigk, Eeinbard Karl Friedrich, Baron
von, Hessian statesman, xi 397
Dalziel, Sir Thomas, at Bnllion Green,
V 284; 288
Damaraland, German missionaries in, xsi
658; 664
Damascene. See John Damascene
Damascus, pashalik of, promised to Ibrahim,
X 548, 653; Ibrahim enters, 549; revolt
in (1834), 559; 560
Dambray, Charies-Henri, Vicomte, French
Chancellor, ix 563; 565 sq. ; 569; x 94
Damesme, Edouard- Adolphe-Marie, French
general, xi 113
Damiens, Eobert- Francois, attempts to
murder Louis XV, vi 339, 347, vm 50
Damietta, and Suez Canal, xn 431
Damiily, oSers to betray Geneva (1586),
m 414
Damjanics, Janos, Hungarian general, xi
207; 214
Dampier, Wiliiam, seaman, rt 182
Dampierre. See Du Val de Dampierre
Picot, Marquis de, vin
428 sq,
Damvilie, Marshal. See Montmorency
Damvillers, given up by France (1559),
n 93
Dan, Greene’s march to the, vii 228
Danby, Earl of. See Leeds, Duke of
Danckelmann, Eberhard von, Prussian
Minister, v 647; 658 ; 662 sq.
Nicolas von, Brandenburg Minister
at Vienna, v 663
D’Andelot et Coligny, Francois, in the
Wars of Eeligion, ii 93, 294 sq, ; in 2-5, 9
Dandolo, Enrico, Doge of Venice (1192-
m6}, I 255
Daneau, Lambert (d. 1595), Calvinist theo-
logian, m 749
Danewerke, The, Danes driven out of,
XI 440
Dangan Hill, Preston defeated at, rv 345,
531
Dangerfieid, Thomas, perjurer, v 231
Danican, Auguste, French general, vm 396
Daniel, Francois, Calvin and, n 352 sq.
Samuel, ni 376
Danilevsky, Nicholas, Bussian writer, xi 634
Danilo, Prince of Montenegro, xi 277 ; 636
Danilograd, Montenegrin victory at, xn 887
Danneskjold - Sams6e, Count Frederick,
Danish Minister of Marine, vi 739
Danr4mont, Comte Oharies-Marie-Denis de.
Flench general, x 504
Dan-sai, ceded to Great Britain, xn 536
Dante Alighieri, De Momrchia of, n 2;
35, 128; in 456-8, 463, 467; De Vulgari
Eloquentia, 471, 473, 764
Danton, Georges-Jacques, vm 161, 192,
200; Procureur Substitutj 225, 228;
character of, 232; 284; Minister of
Justice, 238, 241 sq.; and September
massacres, 243 sq.; and National Con-
vention, 246 sq. ; at the King’s trial,
260; policy of, 263 sq., 267; on the
Comite de Salut Public, 269, 338; wan-
ing influence of, 342 sqq., 347; and
Eobespierre, 359 sq., 362; trial and
execution of, 362 sqq.
Danube river, Turkish rule on, ni 119; vi
231 sq.; Charles of Lorraine at, 235;
237 ; 306 ; opened to Bussian ships, 648 ;
military operations near (1800), ix 58,
64; Grand Army reaches (1805), 254;
approached by Archduke Charles (May 10,
1809), 350; crossed by French troops
(May 21, 1809), 351, (July 4-5), 352;
Bussian conquests on, 389 ; xi 314 ;
crossed by Turkish troops, 315, 321 ; 323 ;
navigation of, 643; xn 388; fortresses
of, 392 ; Treaty of Berlin and, 398
Danubian Principalities {see also Moldavia,
Wallaehia), vi 307; 634; Catharine’s
designs on, 668 sq. ; 672 ; 731 sq. ; Eus-
sian evacuation of, ix 306; and the
Treaty of Adrianople, x 202 sq.
Dauubyu, attack on, xi 728
Danviia y Collado, Manuel, historian, xn
842
Danville, vn 539 ; flight of Jefferson Davis
to, 541
Danzig, revolt of (1526), m 74; surrender
of, to Stephen Bathory (1557), 100 ; and
the Spanish trade, iv 105 ; Sigismund III
at, 168, 172 ; Gustavus Adolphus at, 183,
186, 193 ; commercial prosperity of, 420 ;
Charles X and, 428 ; the Dutch and, 583,
588; besieged by the Swedes (1656), v
146; Eussia and, 611; Brandenburg and,
620; 629; German Order and, 631; 634;
and Poland, 636; 638; Treaty of (1716),
611; VI 196; siege of (1733), 196 sq.;
. 630 ; 669 ; 671; Prussia ana, 708 sq.,
730; 732 sqq.; vm 293, 330, 333, 523
sqq. ; ceded to Prussia (1793), 535, 551 ;
export duty levied at, ix 24; besieged
(1807), 112, 284-5, 289-90; a free city,
292, 337, 338; French troops in (1808),
315; French army at (1813), 511; re-
covered by Prussia, 647, 656 ; Prussian
naval station, xi 445
Daoiz, Spanish officer, killed in riot at
Madrid, ix 434
D4ra Shekoh, son of Emperor Shah Jeh4n,
VI 518 sq.
Darboy, Georges, Archbishop of Paris. See
Paris
Darby, George, vice-admiral, vi 452
W. Evans, Intermtioml TrthunaU.
xn 718
General Indeas.
316
Baroy, Thomas, Bord, n 446
Bard, Henri-Jean-Baptiste, and favours to
imigrSsj ix 670
Bardaneiies, passage of, vi 674; British
fleet in (1807), ix 235, 368, 388;
Bussian claim on, 312, 313, 320; Peace
of (1809), 388; Greek ships in, seized by
the Forte, x 185; blockaded by Bnssia
(1S28), 201; Enssia and, 203, 444; 564:
closure of (1833), 555, 564; 572; xi 314
sq.; Sultan’s rights in, 634; British fleet
in, XII 387
Bare, Jurien van der (Georgius Aportanus),
Beformer, n 160
Barfui, annexed by Egypt, xn 439; 449;
660 ; explorers in, 805, 811, 813
Bargai, heights of, stormed, xii 488 ; 489
Barien Scheme, character and results of,
V 295 sqq.
Company (Company of Scotland
trading to Africa and the Indies). See
under Companies
Barimon, Alfred, French politician, xx
304
Barling Downs, occupation of, xi 790;
795
river, exploration of, xi 792, 795
Darlington, Sophia Charlotte von Kiel-
mannsegge, Countess of, vi 19
Darmstadt, district of, and the Decree of
November 19, vm 300
Darnel, Sir Thomas, case of, iv 267
Bamiey, Henry Stewart, Lord, n 458; a
claimant for English throne, 582; iii
269-74, 278
Barth5, Augustin- A.- J., French politician,
VIII 505
Dartmouth, George L^ge, 1st Lord,
(2nd cr.), v 262
— - William Le^e, 2nd Bari vi
435; Lord Privy Seal, 447
Barn, Comte Hapoldon, French statesman,
XI 491 sq. ; 721
Comte Pierre-Antoine-Hoel-Brano,
becomes Intendant, ix 118; Secretary of
State, 141; 145, 307; historical work of,
XII' 829
Darwin, Charles, xi 365; The Origin of
Species, xn 772 sq.; 774
Erasmus, vin 765 ; x 699 sq.
Bashkoff, Princess Catharine, vi 661 sq.;
679; 697 sq.
Bashwood, Sir Francis. See Le Bespencar,
Lord
Bataria, attempts to reform, ii 673
Bathenus, Peter, Protestant preacher, m
251, 262
Bati, Agostino* of Siena, i 648
— — GMiano, the Oratory of Divine Love
and, XI 379
Ba- Torre, Count, and Pernambuco, iv
708
Baubeney, Giles, 1st Lord, i 469 sq.
Baulal Eao ^mdhia, Mah4r4Ja of Gwalior,
xt m
Bann, Count Leopold Joseph Maria,
" Austrian Field-marshal, vi 260 sqq.; 273
.sqq.; at Olmiitz, 277 sq.; 280 sqq.; 287;
at Torgau, 296 sq. ; 299; 325 so.; 626;
705
Wirich Philipp Lorenz, Count, cap-
tures Naples, V 419; 425
Baunoa, Pierre-C.-F., French politician,
Till 386;" IX 4; xn 829
Dauphin^, army sent to pacify (1574), in
' 23; held by Huguenots (1575), 27; here-
tics in, 400, 403 sqq. ; Protestant interest
in, 661; invaded by the Duke of Savoy
(1692), V 60; Beiieisie retreats to, vi 245;
and Provincial Assemblies, vni 111 sq. ;
spirit of resistance in (1788), 112 sqq.,
116; and States General, 129
Bauvergne, Henri, discovers the source of
the Oxus, xn 802
Bavanzati-Bosticho, Bernardo, his Tacitm,
m 471
Bavel, and Yaud, vi 625
D’Avenant, Sir William, dramatist, v 125
sq. ; 136 ; 745
Davenport, Puritan minister at New Haven,
vn 20
Baventry, Ingoldsby at, rv 557
Baverhoult, Jean- A,, member of Club des
Feuillants, vni 213
David, Jaeques-L., French painter, viii 247,
356, 364, 501; picture by, ix 60; 134,
135; X 103
Pierre-Jean, sculptor, x 103
Davidovich, Baron Paul, Austrian general,
VHi 578 sqq.
Davids, precursors of the submarine, vn
564
Bavis, Jef arson, vn 403; Secretary of War,
426; 447; Confederate President, 451,
462, 522 sq., 603 sq. ; and pea43e negotia-
tiom, 535 sq., 542; 538; captured, 543;
death of, th., 578; 581; xi337; xiil6
orBavjs, John, navigator, and Butch
commercial jealousy, iv 734; xn 814
Sir John, xn 613, 615; Speaker in
Irish Parliament, iv 515 sq.
— ^ — Sir John Francis, Governor of Hong-
kong, XI 814
Thomas Osborne, and Young Irdand
party, xx 7 ; 13
Davison, William, m 292
Bavitt, Michael^ Msh politician, xxx 76;
81
Bavos, principal seat of the Zekngerickten,
rv 36 sq. ; 41; Protestante of, 47 sq. ;
Strafgericht at, 47-8» dissolved, 50 ; dis-
armed % Baldirott, 55; de Coeuvres at,
58
Bavout, Louis-Nioolas, Prince of Eekmilhl,
Mar^al of France, ix 112 ; 252 ; orossm
the Bhine, 253 ; 257 ; at Pressburg, 258 ;
260 ; commands 3rd corps, 275 ; at Auer-
sMdt, 276-7; marches through Berlin.,
278; Kiistrin surrenders to, 2W; .ad-
vances to Posen, 281 ; 283-4 ; at lylam.
316
General Index.
2S6; 335; policy of, 338; 339; com-
mander of French troops in central
Germany, 346 ; 347-9 ; defeats Austrians
near Marhgrafen-Neusiedei, 353; letter
of Napoleon to {September 2, 1810), 373;
reports of, from Hamburg, 374; com-
mander of the French army in N. Ger-
many, 378; and the Eussian campaign,
488 sqq. ; 508 ; appointed governor on
the Lower Elbe, 515; 520, 525, 530;
plots communicated to, 572-3; in the
War Office, 616; 645
Davy, Sir Humphry, x 741; xii730; 769;
778
Lavydofi, Benis W,, Eussian general,
harasses French retreat, vl 497
Dawson, George, x 649
Bax, Bishop of. Bze Acqa
Bay, Francis, builder of Fort St George,
V 698' ,
George, Bishop of Chichester, ii 501,
521
Thomas, writer, viii 755, 765
William B., American Secretary of
State, vn 682
Be Aar, the Boers and, xii 642
Beik, Francis, Hungarian politician, xi
172; 181 sq.; 203; and Constitutional
party, 216; 400; 405 sq. ; writings of,
426 ; XII 178 sqq. ; and Hungarian de-
mands, 182 sq. ; 204 ; death of, 190
Be Amicis, Edmondo, Italian writer, xii 231
Beane, Sir Anthony, Commissioner of Eng-
lish navy, v 170 sq. ; 177
Eichard, admiral, naval administra-
tion and, 2V 460 ; 480
Silas, American statesman, viz 210
Dearborn, Henry, American general, vix
341
Beasy, Henry Hugh Peter, traveller, xii 804
Bebbeh, Biippell at, xii 806
Bebitz, Eric, Swedish commander, iv 244
sq.
Bebreczen, Kossuth at, xi 203; 204 sq.;
the Hungarian Diet at, 207 ; 214 ; 425
Bebry, Jean- A., member of the Legislative
Assembly, vin 515
Becaen, Comte, French general, ix 67; sails
for the Indies, 209; Suchet joins, 479;
command of, in 1815, 624
* Giaude-Thdodore, French general
(1870), XI 589 sq.
Becapolis, revolt in (1834), x 559
Becatnr, Stephen, American naval officer,
vn 339
Becazes, Elie, Due, x 13, 20 ; prefect of the
Paris police, 45 ; Minister of Police, 47 ;
49 ; 50 ; electoral coup d'itat of, 51 ; 52 ;
54 ; and army reforms, 55 ; 56 ; ministry
of, 57-63 ; and the murder of the Due de
Berry, 63; estimate of, as a statesman,
iA; 64; 71; 73
Louis-C,-E.-A., Duo de Gluoks-
berg, French ambassador at Madrid, xi
556; XII 97; 109; 114
Deccan, The, Aurangzeb and, v 699 ; VoL
VI, Chap. XY (2) passim ; balance of power
in, IX 722 ; Wellesley in, 726
Becembrio, Pier Candido, Italian writer,
I 542
Becius, Milanese jurist (1512), ii 30
Becker, Pierre Jacques Francois de, Belgian
statesman, xi 672
Declaratio Ferdinandea^ m 714
Beeiaration of Independence, American,
Vol. vii, Chap. VI (1761-76), 175-208
of Indulgence, of March, 1672, v 206
sqq. ; of April, 1687, 235 ; character
and effects of, 237 sqq. ; 335 ; reissued
(May, 1688), 336
of Eight. See Bill of Eights
Declaration of Sports revived, iv 279
De dementia^ Calvin’s Commentary on,
II 352 sq.
Becr5s, Denis, Duke, French Minister of
Marine, ix 213 ; Napoleon’s directions to,
218; advice of, to Napoleon, 228; 237,
311, 616
Decretale, character of, in 745
Bedel, Dutch envoy in London, x 544
Bederotti, John, of Minden, founder of
Bursfelde Congregation, i 631
De donatione Constantini Magn% of Lorenzo
Valia, II 694
Bee, Br John, in 697
Befermon des Chapeli&res, Jacques, In-
tendant-gSnSraly ix 118
Beffaudis, Baron, mission of, to Buenos
Ayres, zii 681
Befoe, Baniel, v 396 ; 467 ; 468 sq. ; vi
815 sqq. ; 833
Be Freyne, Arthur French, Lord, xn 89
Begayeff, Eussian terrorist, xii 311
Beggendorf, attack on, vi 238
Bego, Allies at, vin 561 sq.; surrenders, 566
Be Grey, Thomas Philip de Grey, Earl,
Viceroy of Ireland, xi 8
De haeretico comburendOf statute, revived,
n 540
Bejean, Jean-Franqois-Aimd, Comte, ix 9
Bekker, E. Douwes (** Muitatuii Dutch
writer, XI 676
Thomas, in 376
Belaborde, Comte Henri-Franqois, French
general, besieges Toulouse, ix 617
Delacroix, Ferdinand-Victor-Eug^ne, x 103;
XI 528 ; XII 831
de Constant, Charles, French Foreign
Minister, vin 507 sq,
Belagoa Bay, Boers at, xi 781 ; 782 ; 789 ;
XII 635; dispute concerning, 270, 635;
640
Bel Aguila, Don Juan, ni 532; leads in-
vasion of Ireland, 608-9
Belalot, Charles, x 74; 80; 91
Belamere, Henry Booth, 2nd Lord {after-
wards Earl of Warrington), supports the
Prince of Orange, v 246
Belaroohe, Hippolyte (Paul), painter, xi
^ 528
General Index.
317
Belaamey, oommaBds tlie Army of &e
Moselle, vni 427
Belavigne, Jean-I’ranQois-Casimir, poet, zi
528
Delaware, settlement of, vn 40 sqq., 50 sq*;
162 ; constitation of, 2S7, 242 ; and An-
napolis Convention, 244; and Constitn-
tional Convention, 246 sq., 252, 255, 258,
26S sq. , 289, 271, 281 sq,, 285 sq. ; accepts
Constitution, 302; representation of,S06;
trade of, 355; population of, 359; np-
iiolds Tariff, 381; slavery in, 385, 585;
and secession, ■ 453 •
river, settlement from Brainford
near, vn 26 ; Swedish colony on the sontb
bank of, 40 sq,; Howe’s operations on,
213 sq. ; British base at (1813), 341;
steamboats on, 351 ...
Thomas W^t, 3rd or 12th Baron,
Governor of Virginia, vn 5 sq.
Deibecq, Baron P. J. du Chamge, French
commander, viii 439
Delbrei, Pierre, French Commissioner with
the army in Spain, vin 440 ; and Brumaire,
■."682,.,
Delbriiek, Bfartin Friedrich Bndolf von,
Prassian statesman, zi 394; zn 160;
152; 157
Del Campiilo, Don Joseph, Spanish states-
man, VI 157; 159; 166; 362; 382
Delcass4, Th4ophile, French statesman, zn
132
Del Castillo, Hernando, Spanish writer, i
379
Del Corro, Antonio, Spanish Keformer, n
406
Del Daero, Manuel de la Concha, Marques,
Spanish general, x 242 ; xi 556
Delesclaze, Louis-Charles, French revolu-
tionary, XI 106 ; 114 ; 488 ; 502
Delessart, Antoine de Valdec, French
Minister of the Interior, viii 216;
Foreign Minister, 222; arrested, 223
Delessert, Benjamin, industrial exneriments
of, IX 377
Francois-Marie, French politician,
XI 127
Delft, William of Orange at, iir 242 ; Act of
Federation signed at (1576), 243 ; William
settles in, 257-9; States of Holland meet
at, 617 ; trading Company at, 632 ; Arch-
bishop Gebhard at, 708 ; Frederick Henry
and, rr 689, 716 ; WilMam II of Orange
and, 725
Delhi, the interregnum at, v S97 ; 701 ; vi
508 ; captured by B4bar, 509 ; 611 sq. ;
519 sqq. ; seized by Bahidur Shah, 523 ;
524 sq. ; 653 ; 6'68 ; capture of, by Moham-
madans (1788j, ix 719 ; and the Ifarithas,
725 ; Bourquin defeated near, 726 ; siege
of, 727; Shah Alam at, 730; xi 731;
746 ; capture of, 747 ; Durbar at, zrt 466,
, 474 495
IMigrai, Mhaa IV proclaimed at, xn 386
Delilie, Jacques, French poet, vi 827
■' '0, M.
Deiisle, Leopold- Victor, French medievalist,
xn 834
Della Casa, Giovanni Bet Benevento,
' Archbishop of
Cisterna, Prince Emanuels, x 114
Pergola, Bartolommeo, n 386
Porta, Bartolommeo (Fra Bartolom-
meo), Florentine artist, 1 168 ..
Bgidio, loEower of Zwingli, u
381
Giacomo, in 442
Giovanni Battista, v 716 ; 740
Bovere, Francesco. Bee Sixtus IV,
Pope
Girolamo. See Turin, Arch-
bishop of
Cardinal Giuliano. ^S'ce JuliusII,
Pope
Giulio, Italian Protestant, ii
382 sq.
Lavlnia, ii 384, 387 ' .
Torre, GiuHo, Spanish agent, opposes
Henry IV, rv 41
Valle, Andrea, ii 16
Delmas, J.-F.-B., member of the Comiti
de Salut Public^ vin 269
Delmenhorst, Denmark and, vi 736; 741
sq. ; 744; exchange of, 753
Del Nero, Bernardo, 1 154, 173 sqq.
Delolme, Jean Louis, Swiss publicist, ix
427
Dei Parque, Spanish general, ordered to
advance into Leon, ix 453; remnants
of the force of, 458
Delphi, excavations at, xn 845
JDeljphme, Madame de StaeFs, ix 131
Del Principe, Island of, seized (1598), iii6B2
Del Pulgar, Hernando, Spanish chronicler,
I 381
Dei Biego, Bafad, Spanish revolutionary
ojficer, X 215 sqq. ; the hymn of, 218 ;
220 sq. ; and the French refugees, 223 sq. ;
President of the Cortes (1822), 224 ; 4e-
■ ieated, 228; hanged .230 .'
Del Bio, member of the “ Council of Blood,”
ra 216, 218 sq.
Dei Vasto, Alfonso Avalos, Marquis, ni
105; sent on an embassy to Venice, 115;
dismissed by the Signory, 116
Delvig, Baron, Bussian poet, x 431
Delyannes, Theodore, Greek statesman, at
Berlin, xn 395, 398; premier, 408; 420;
assassinated, 422
Ddyanoff, Bussian Minister, xn 315
Demargay, French Bepublican politician,
X 478
Dembe Widkie, Polish success at (1831),
X 470
Dembinski, Henry, Polisli general, x 472;
Hun^rian Commander-in-cMef, xi 205;
; 210 ; at SzSreg, 211 ; 213 ; at Wid-
din, 215
DembovsM, Leon, and tli© Polish revolu**
Hon, x 467
Demer river, French foixsei at, vi 246
m
318
General Index.
Bemerara, taken by the British (1796}, vin
484, IS 750; restored to Holland (1802),
75; lost (1803), 240; retained by Britain
(1814), 654, 755, x 520, si 667; strike of
slaves in, 658
river, Botch on, vi 186
Bemerville, Dominique, Jacobin, arrested,
IS 17
Demetrius (Dmitri Samotzvanetz), the Fhst
False Demetrius, claimant of the Russian
throne, and Sigismund, iv 175, v 497
sqq.; 524; 548
the Second False, iv 176; coronation
of, 189
Demmin, iv 196; taken by Gustavus
Adolphus, 193
Democraciaf La^ Spanish journal, xi 567
Democratiey La, French journal, xi 488
Demoivre, Abraham, mathematician, v 716
Demonte, annexed to Saluzzo, m 419
Den, Ruhsian journal, xi 625
Denain, battle of (1712), v 433 sq.
Denbigh, William Feiiding, 1st Earl of, at
La Rochelle, iv 133
Dendermonde, Conference at (1566), in 210;
taken by Parma, 618 ; captured by Marl-
borough (1706), V 416 ; and the Barrier
Treaties, 457, 469
Denfert-Rochereau, Pierre-M.-P. -A,, Colonel,
defends Belfort, xi 606, 609
Denham, Dixon, African explorer, xii 807 ;
810 sqq.
Benia, capture of (1708), v 426
Sandoval, Marquis of. See Derma,
Duke of
Denide, Heinrich Suso, German medievalist,
xn 848
Denman, Thomas, Lord, x 673; xi 9
Denmark
n xvii The Scandinavian North (1), 599-
617
IV iii The Protestant Collapse, (2) The
Lower-Saxon and Danish War
(1623-9), 85-109
Y The Yasa in Sweden and Poland
(1560-1630), passim, 158-89
xiix The later years of the Thirty
Years* War (1635-48), passim,
387 sq.
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, passim,
395-433
XX The Scandinaviaa North (1559-
1660), 560-91
V xviU The Scandinavian Kingdoms,
■ r ' iV' ' , passim, 558-83
xix Charles XII and the Great North-
. ern War, passim, 684-615
VI xxi Dmunark under the Bemstorffs
and Btruensee, 735-57
ii TheArmedNeukality(1780-1801),
34-54
viii The 'Co»4^nd of the Sea (1803-
200-43
xi !nb,© Na^l$eni0.’*!'*!Eiuplre at its
294 - 040 ,
' tfl . ' -'f ’ i
• •
IX
Denmark (contd.)
XI xxiv Scandinavia (1815-70), (ii) Den-
mark, (iii) Dano - Norwegian
Literature (1815-65), 691-702
xn xi Scandinavia (1864-1908), 290-93
Denmark, Prince Royal of. See Fred-
erick YI
Dennewitz, battle of (1813), ix 529-30
Dennison, William, Governor of Ohio, vn
456
Denny, Sir Anthony, ii 475
Denon, Dominique- Yivant, French anti-
quary, vni 599; 605 sq.; 616; ix 134
Denys, Nicholas, Colonial governor and
historian, vii 110 sqq.
Deogaon, Treaty of (1803), ix 726
Depretis, Agostino, Italian statesman, xn
214 sq.; 217; 240
Deptford, Peter the Great at, v 523
De Quincey, Thomas, xi 361 sq.; 365
Derbent, Peter the Great at, v 544; 545;
evacuated by Russia, vi 304 ; Sir Anthony
Jenkinson at, xn 793
Derby, Lambert’s army at, iv 544; Duke
of Devonshire at, v 246 ; Prince Charles
at, VI 114; riots at (1817), x 578
Charlotte de la Tremouille, Coun-
tess of (wife of 7th Earl), holds Lathom
House for the King, iv 321
Edward Geodrey Smith Stanley,
14th Earl of (Lord Stanley), vii 636;
Irish Secretary, x 657 sq.; xn 71; and
the abolition of slavery, x 659; resigns,
662; 663; 666 sq.; 678; War and Colonial
Secretary (1841), xi 2 ; 9 ; and repeal of
the Corn Laws, 10 sq. ; and Protection,
20 ; refuses office, 21 ; Ministry of (1852),
ib. ; and France, 308 ; 309 ; 320 ; Ministry
of (1858-9), 328 sqq.; resigns, 331; op-
poses Gladstone’s financial scheme, 334 ;
third Ministry of, 340 sqq. ; retirement
of, 342 ; and Portugal, 574 ; , and the
colonies, 762; and Canada, 771; xn 69
Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl
of (Lord Stanley), xi330; 345; Foreign
Secretary, xn 30; 32 sq.; and Egypt, 40,
434; 41; 43; 141; 384; and the Eastern
Question, 387; resigns, 394
Edward G. V. Stanley, 17th Earl of
(Lord Stanley), Postmaster-General, xn
55
James Stanley (Lord Strange),
7th Earl of, repulsed at Manchester, iv
305
Dernei, Anton, printer, v 531
D4rouUde, Paul, French politician, xii
121
Derreira, Poncet at, xn 805
De^nlaur Castle, captured (1574), m
Deny, claimed by Tyrone, in 611; cap-
tured by ;^0’Dogherty, 613; revolt of
(1688), V 307; 308; siege of (1689),
309, 311 sq., 315; George Dawson at, x
General. Index,
310
Derry, Bisliop of. 8m Bristol, F. A. Har-
vey, 4tli Earl of
Berschavin, Gabriel Bomanovicb, Enssian
poet, VI 698
Bervies, von, constracts railways in Eussia,
• XI 619"
Derwentwater, James Eadoliffe, Srd Earl
of, VI 101; 103
Bes Adrets, Baron, and massacre at Orange,
■ "m 3'
Besaix (or Dessaix) de Veygonx, B.-C.-A.,
commander in Egypt, vni 600 sqq,, 607,
614; IX 62-3
Besalliers. French Minister in Transylvania,
V 696
Besargues, Gerard, mathematician, Pascal
and, IV 794; v 710
Desborongh, Major-General John, iv 444;
448 sq. ; Bi chard Cromwell and, 451 sq.
Descartes, Ben4, ii 690 sq., 710; Christina
of Sweden and, iv 574 sq. ; in Holland,
722; see Chap, xxvii, 776-^7; influence
of, on French literature, v 64 sqq. ; and
Leibniz, 69; and Catholicism, 72 sq, ;
82; and mathematical science, 710 sqq.;
714 sq.; 719; 723; 733 sq.; 739; 741;
and Queen Christina, 744; 750 ; 752;
755; VIII 5
Bescharaps, Antony, x 101
Emile, French poet, x 101; xi 507
Besohanel, Paul, French politician, xn 126
Deseret. See Utah
Bes^ze, Eaymond, barrister at Bordeaux,
advocate for Louis XVI, vm 257
Besfieux, Fran<;fois, member of the Com-
mittee of Insurrection, viii 265, 342
Besforgues, Franqois-L.-M, Chenain, Min-
ister of Foreign Affairs, vm 339
Besgenettes, Baron N.-B.-Bufriche, vm 606
Besgodins, Abb5, in China, xii 797
Bes Hayes, Louis, Baron de Oourmenin,
IV 90
Desima, Butch factory in Japan removed
to, IV 712, XII 656
Besirade, reduced (1808), ix 240
Desjardins, Paul, xii 119
Desmarets, Nicolas, French financier, and
taxation, v 28; viii 69
Besmeuniers, Jean-Nicolas, and the Con-
stitutional Committee, vm 183
Desmond, “undertakers” in, ra 599
the clan of, in 529
Eleanor Butler, Countess of, 2nd wife
of Eari Gerald, in 595
——— Gerald Fitzjames Fitzgerald, 16th
Earl of (1558-83), in 594 sq.
James Fitzjohn Fitzgerald, 11th Earl
of (1520-29), in 681
• James Fitzjohn Fitzgerald, 14th Earl
of (1640-58), III 583
James Fitzmaurioe Fitzgerald, ISth
Earl of ,(1534-40), murdered, m 594
Sir John Fitzgerald, Captain of, m
594 sq.
Sir Thomas of (Thomas Boe), m 696
Desmoulins, Benoit-CamiHe, French joumal-
isl, vni 8, 161, 163, 168, 247; Lm
Hemlutiom 4e Frame et de BraMntf
329 ; and Le Vimx Cordelier t 360 sq. ;
trial and execution of, 363 sq.
Besmousseaux de Givr4, Bemard-Jean-
Echard, xi 41
Besna river, Lithuanian boundary, v 481
Bespefia Ferros, Vede! sent to secure the,
IX 437
Bespinoy, Comte Hyacmthe-F.-J., French
General, vm 574
Besportes, Phiiippf, in 61, 71, 376
Bespr5s-Crassier, B.-Phiiibert, general in
Spain, vm 439
Bes Querdes. See Crevecceur
Bessau, Bridge of, Wallenstein ar, iv 95;
York at, ix 515; siege of (1813), 532
See Anhalt-Bessau
Bessewffy, Count Emil, Hungarian poli-
. tician, xn 176 '
Bessoles, Jean- Joseph-Paul- Augustin, Mar-
quis, Commandant of the National Guard,
IX 557; 558; President of the Council,
X 57; 61; resigns, 62
Bestaiog, J.-Zaeharie, General, at Aboukir,
vm 614 sq.
Bestenave, African explorer, xn 129
Bes Touches, French admiral, vi 453
Bestourneiie, Louis Beschamps, French
"Minister, vni 339
Bestrem, Hngues, politician, and Brumaire,
vm 683
Bestutt de Tracy, Comte Antoine-C.-V,,
French Minister of Marine, xi 118
Bes Ursins, See Orsini
Betring, ofScial of the Chinese Customs
Bervioe, xn 526
Detroit, settlement at, vn B56
river, Hull crosses (1812), ?ii 337
Betiingen, George II at, vi 109; 238; 250
Deutsche Zeitung, xi 62
Deventer, educational work at, i 436 sq.;
surrender of, in 622; siege of (1591),
626
See Prouninck
Bevereux, Captain, murderer of Wallen-
. stein, IV 242
Beveria, Eugene, x 103
Bevemaki, Ottoman force defeated at (1823),
X 181
Bevicota, Indian port, vi 538
Devolution, War of, v 33 ; origin and oouree
of, 36 sqq.; 199 sq.; Brandenburg and,
649 sq.
Bevonshire, Hoplon in, it 308, 313; petitions
for a firee Parliament, 549
- — - Edward Courtenay, Earl of, n 618;
520; 523-8; 544
Elizabeth (Poster), Duchess of (2nd
wife of 5th Duke), x 138; 151
— — Spencer Compton Cavendish, Sth
Duke of (Lord Hartinjgton), xi 831; m
23; leader of Opposition, 32; Swretety
for India* 36 ; 48 ; and Home Buie Bit
820
General Index,
M; 4^; §3; resigns, 54; 83; Secre-
IftTf of State for India, 472, 475
BeTonsHre, WEiiam Cavendish, 1st Bake
(m Earl) of, V 216; 240; 242; 246
William Cavendisli, 2nd Bake of, vi
13
William Cavendish, 4th Bake of
fMarqnis of Hartington), vi 75 ; 404 sq.;
424 sq. ; resigns, 428 ; 431 ; 489
The French, 17th centniy religions
^rty, T 73
Bewey, George, American admiral, vn 679
Bezft, Bishop, massacres the Moors, m
494
Dezpncdi, Anslas, nominated Bishop of
SamgOBsa, i 658
Bharmsala, death of Lord Elgin at, xi
752
Bholpnr, Badi Kashji at, xi 738
Dhondev Pant. See Nana Sahib
Bhnlip Sing, xi 788
Bwl, The, Transcendentalism in, vu 739
Dialogue de Mamnt et Maheustre, in 764
Biamantina river, sqnatters on, xn 619
Biamond Hill, Botha defeated at, xn 643
— Bock (Martinique), ix 221; 224 .
Diario de Madrid, x 210; 229
Bias, Bartolomeo, Poxtngnese explorer, 1 17,
19; reaches Cape of Good Hope, 22,
285
Henrique, leader in Brazilian revolt,
>674
Diaz, Alfonso, murder of Juan Biaz by, xi
40S
Biniz, explorer of African coast, 1 14
Juan, Spanish Beformer, murdered,
n 254, 403
- — ^ Pastor, and Spanish marriage .ques-
tion, XI 554
Porfirio, President of Mexican Ke-
public, X 305; XI 477; xn 6; 676 sq.
Biokens, Charles, x 724; xi 358 sqq.
Guy, British attacM at Berlin, vi
212
Bii^nson, Daniel S., member of Congress
from New Tork, vii 398
John, American statesman, vm 179,
182, 20S «q., 234; at Constitutional Con-
vention, Chap. VII pmdm
Biokson, Major, commander in Spanish
foreign legion, x 227
African explorer, xii 807
BidefTOt, Benis, v 70 aq. ; vi 165; and
Catharine II, 678, 698; 823; 826; 833;'
'837; vm 5, 26 sq., 32; xi 628
JDfehitsch-ZahalkansM, Ivan K. F. A.,
Comte de Biebitsch and de Narden {Bus-
man generall, ix 611; x 200; advances
upon Constantinople, 202 ; 439; mission
of, to Jferim, 465; 468; and the Polish
revolution, ^feOsqq.
Bieden, Colonel, takes Wesel, rv 693
Biedenhofen^ Bm TMonvilie
Biedrichs, German admiral, xn 613
Diehl, IBiffl, German Msteisn, xn 846
Biemen, Anihoni van, Butch Governor-
General of the Indies, rv 711; 740
Biepo Negoro, Javanese leader, xi 667
Dieppe, occupied by Ormesby, m 3 ; Henry
lY at (1589), 48; Pennington at, iv 260
sq.; Due de Beanfort^s fleet at, v 187;
harbour of, xn 102
Bieskau, Baron Ludwig August, vii 125
Diet of the Empire, constitution of, i 290
sq. ; procedure of, 291 ; cities represented
in, 302; proposed annual meetings of,
305, 308 sq. ; meetings of, at Frankfort
(1454), 666, (1485), 302, (1489), iK ; at
Niimberg (1491), ib., (1501), 811, (1522),
660; at Worms (1495), 303 sqq., (1497),
306 sq. ; at Lindau (1496), 30u ; at Frei-
burg im Breisgan (1498), 307 ; at Augs-
burg (1500), 308, (1510), 319; at Cologne
(1505), 316, (1512), 320 sqq.; at Constance
(1507), 317; at Trier (1512), 320. (For
later meetings of the Diet see names of
places)
Biether, Archbishop, of Mainz. See Mainz
Dietrich, Archbishop, of Mainz. See Mainz
Dietrichstein, Sigismund von, councillor
of Maximilian I, i 326; commander
of Bohemian troops against peasants
(1525), n 182, 190
Bietz, the House of Nassau and, x 624,
XI 674
Diez, Friedrich C-, phEoioger, xn 822
Henry Frederick von, Prussian envoy
at Constantinople, vin 316, 330 sq.
Big, battle of (1804), ix 728
Bigby, George, Baron. See Bristol, George,
2nd Earl of
Sir John, Lieutenant of Tower, i
473
John. See Bristol, John, 1st Earl of
Sir Kenelm, negotiates with Pope
Innocent S, rv 338; 529
Bigeon, Emile, French politician, xi 503
Bigges, Sir Dudley, imprisonment and re-
lease of, IV 265
Digue, provisional Government at, xi 138
Bijon, Parlement of, xn 664, v 4, vni 47 ;
school of sculpture at, i 414; revolt of
(1595), in 667 ; Napoleon^s reserve army
at, IX 66; the Germans at, xi 604, 606;
609
Biike, Sir Charles Wentworth, xn 36; 40;
43
Bill, Sir Samuel, historian, xn 849
BElenburg, birthplace of William of Orange,
m 189; exEe of William of Orange
at, 213, 228, 231-3; part of, added to
grand duchy of Berg, ix 410 ; House of
Nassau and, x 524, xi 674
BElingen, Jesuits at, in 161; Franco-
Bavarian force at, v 408; 410
Dillingen Book, rv 110
BElon, Comte Arthur de, French general,
VHi 412
John, Irish politician, xn78; 80 sq.;
and the Han of Campaign, 85
General Index.
321
Mlon, John Blake, and Young Ireland
party, xi 7; IS
Harold Artliiir Iiee Dillon, lltli
Viscount, XII 89
Dilolo, Lake, Livingstone at, xii 808
D.iiniki . Dmitri : ■ .
Dinant, sack of, by Charles the Bold, i 422;
captured by French, n 89
Bindings, Great Britain and the, xn 532
Bingan, Yulu chief, xi 782
Bingelstedt, Franz, German poet, xi 50 ; 413
Bing-bu, Prjevalsky at, xn 79S
Bingley, Nelson, American politician, vii
674
Bingolfing, storming of, vi 238
Bino, Dorothea de Conrland, Buchesse de
(Gomtesse Edmond de P4ngord), a/£er-
ward^ Buchesse de Talleyrand el de
Sagan, x 510
Binwiddie, Eobert, Lieutenant-governor of
Virginia, vii 10, 66, 120, 125
Diodati, Cliaricis, friend of Milton, v 118
General, departs from Pilsen, iv 241
Bippel, Johann Conrad, pietist, v 761
Directory, The French |Nov. 1795— Nov.
1799), formed, vni 393, 397; and the
army, 445 sq. ; 472 ; Chap, xvi ; and the
conquest of Italy, 564, 570> 584 sq., 589,
636; and the Egyptian Expedition, 596
sq., 618; and Brumaire, Chap, xxn;
finance of, 701 sq., 707 ; legislation of,
723 sq.; policy of, in Switzerland, ix 95
sqq. ; Chap, xvi, 487-520; fall of. Chap,
xxn, 665-88
Biscours de la Metkode, rv 779; 781; 784;
788
Bisentis, Catholic commune of, iv 36, 47, 51
Disestablishment, of Irish Church, de-
manded by Gladstone, xi 344 sq.
Bispositio Achillea, i 297; v 624; 656
I>isputatione$ Camaldunemes, See Landino
Disputations, Luther’s, with John Bek,
n 135. See also Zurich, Baden, Bern,
Disputations at
Disraeli, Benjamin. See Beaconsfield
Dissenters, in Eussia, and Peter the Great,
V 529; in England, see Nonconformists
Bmertatio de ratione status in imperio
JRomam-Germanico, and its effects, iv 384
Bistelmeyer, Lampert, m 153
Bitmarschen, revolt of peasants of, n 601 ;
expedition of Frederick II against, iv
563 sq.
Bivi, ceded to French, vi 539
Divine right of Kings, see VoL ret, Chap.
XXII, Political thought in the 16th century,
786-49 ; also as held by Bossnel, v 76 sq.
Bix, John Adams, American statesman and
general, vn 583, 600
Bixmude, taken by the Allies (1695), v 62
Dixon, Admiral, ix 45
BJezzar, Ahmed, Pasha of Aesre, vin 607 sqq.
B|okjokarta, Javanese rising in, xi 667
BJnnia, S^rdan defeat at, xn 386
Blotovsky, Erast, policy of, xi 629
Dmitri, son of Ivan IV, Tsar, v 495; 499
— the False. See Demetrius
Dmowski, Bonmn, Polish patriot, xn 338
sq.; 372
Dnieper river, v 505 ; Cossack fortress on,
601; Turkey and, vi 305 ; 307; 674; 695
Dniester river, Turkey and, vi 304; 307;
676- ■
Do4b, the Marathas and the, ix 724 ; French
dommion in the, 725; 727
Dobell, Sydney Thompson, poet, xi 352
Doberschfitz, heights of, vi 290
Dobihoff-Dier, Baron Anton von, Austrian
statesman, XI 176; 182; 186' ''
Dobre, fight at (ISSlj, x 469
Dobrolyiiboff, Nikolai A,, Bussian writer,
XIX 297 ^ ,
Dobrowsky, Josef, Ceeh writer, xi 653 sqq.
Dobrudja, The, xn 388; 392; Boumania
and, 397
Dobrzyn, Palatinate of, m 87
Elector of Polish Palatinate of, in
87
Dobsen, Claude-Emmanuei, vni 272 sq.
Boet&r Faustus, Marlowe’s, in 374
Doctrinaires, of the Bestoration, VoL x,
Chaps, n and xv passim
Boewra, Sir Henry, in 608^9
Doezi, Peter, Hungarian diplomatist, i
343
Doda, Prenk Bib, Mirdite prince, xn 402
Dodds, French native officer in Dahomey,
xn 129
Dodge, Hen^, nominated for President
of the Dnited States, vn 399
Dodington, George Bubb. See Melcombe,
Lord
Dodoens, Bembert, botanist, v 734
Bdbling, Count Sz4chenyi at, xi 401
Ddhinger, Johann Joseph Ignatius, church
historian, xi 708; 717; 719; excom-
munication of, 723 ; XII 148 ; 825 ; 848
DOmitz, Bailor’s fight at, iv 366; capture
of fortress of (1809), ix 357
Donhoff, Countess Sophia von, xi 193
Domberg, Baron W. C. von, ix 356; at
Liineburg, 515 ; negligence of, 626
Dorpfeld, Wilhelm, archaeologist, xil 845
Dogaii, Italian defeat at, xn 240
Dogger Bank incident, xn 594 ; 719; 724
Dohna, Count Aehatius von, at Heiibronn,
IV 28
Christoph von, Prussian general, vi
277; 279 sq.; 287; 291 sq.
Count Christopher von, iv 17 ; and
James I, 24; 29; envoy at the Higue,
V 152 sq.
Fabian von, German general (1587),
an 43
— Hannibal von, and George Willkm
of Brandenburg, iv 92
Bokhturoff, Bussian lieut.-colonel of
Hussars, defends Smolensk, m 4^; at
Malo-YaroslavetE, 499
Bol, occupied by the Vend^ins* rm 355
General Index.
Sir William, ti 47E
DoMar, lAndammaim, mambcar of Swiss
JDiiecfeoiy, ix 97
Ddle, besieged by Coad^, iv S70 sq.; Gari-^
Mdi at, XI S04
Met, Etienae, i 577; ti 288; death of,
391
l>olfin, Piero, Veaetian mercliant ia GMos,
I 386
Boigoruki or Dolgorakoff, family, perseea-
tiaa of, ¥i S02
~ Alexis, Priaoe, v 555
— Catbariae, Priacess, v 555
George, fooader of Moscow, t 477
George, Prince, sent to Berlin, ix
255; inter?iew with Napoleon, 259;, 362
VasiH, Prince, xi 614
— - Tasily, Prince, Eussian ambasBador
in Sweden, v 551
Vasily Lnkich, Prince, Bnssian
statesman, v 555 sq.
Vasily VkdimiroTich, Prince, Bns-
■ -sian general, v 554
Princes, xii SB3
Bolhain, Adrian de Berghes, Lord of, iii
328 sq*
Dolman, Colonel, envoy in Holland, v 140
Dolmos, Fernam, lord of Terceira and
*«Antilha,’' i 20
Ilomaine d’ Occident, ra 87, 91, 107
Domat, Jean, ix 162
Dombrovski, General John Henry, ix 40;
X 453
Domenichi, Domenico di. See TorceBo,
Wmho’P' Ci" ,
Domenico, Fr^, da Peacia, follower of
Savonarola, i 147, 181 sqq.
Frd, da Ponzo, Franciscan rival of
Savonarola, i 151, 162
Domfeont, Montgomery captured at, in 33
Domhardt, Johann Friedrich von, Prussian
ofWal, TI 733
Dominica, the French and, v 687 ; England
and, VI 185 sq.; 436; 428; 436; taken
"'by French {1778), 451; 464; French
ai%ek on fl805), ix 331 ; trad© of, xii 654
Donrimcsan Observanriits* SavonaroKs new
Congregation, 1 148 &qq^
Dominicans, Order of the, 1 145, 140, 636;
and the religious revival in Germany* a
106, 161; expelled from San Marco, hi
390 ; at Nancy, xi 30, Bee akc Eeiigmns
Orders
Dominici, Giovanni, and the Benaisssnce,
n 3
'Domitx, Ic^tress of, in 266
DomaooarMtt, EIzdard-Anguste, Frendb
genial, vni 444; 606
JD^okdfi, xH 301; baitl© of, 432
Dominerr© d^Hornoy, Charries-Marins-Al-
bert, Frmwh admimi, xh 108
DoroatMtl, c^, little of, n 378 sq.;
386
Don, river, vi 304; Twk»yand,. 805; Cos-
sack district of th% » 6^
Donato, Leonardo, Doge of Venice, i 276
Niccold. See AquBeia, Archbishop of
Donaneschingen, Eray at, ix 57; 58
Donauworth, troubles in (1606), m 723 sqq.;
Gustavos Adolphus before, iy214; 219;
Horn and Bernard of Weimar near, 227,
229, ,231; taken by Ferdinand of Hun’-,
gary (1634), 244; and Thirty Years'
War, 409; battle of (1704), v 409 ; troops
at, VI 237 ; Grand Army crosses Danube
near, ix 254; French troops ordered to
concentrate at, 347; Napoleon enters
(1809), 348
Doncaster, Viscount- See Carlisle, James
Hay, Earl of
Doncourt, Germans at, xi 592
Dondukoff-Korsakoff, Prince, Enssian Com-
missioner in Bulgaria, xii 403
Doneau, Hugues. See Donellus
Donegal Spanish schemes in, iii 529, 531 ;
plantation ot, 614
Marquis of, and the Bteelhoys, vi
491
Donellus (Hugues Doneau), French legist,
1 577 ; III 58 sq.
Donets district, factories in, xn 320
Donetz, river, Peter the Great and, vi 305
Dongan, Thomas, Governor of New York,
VII 42 sqq,, 43 ; 88
Dongoia, occupied by the Sirdar, xii 447 ;
805
Donker-Curtius, Dirk, Dutch statesman,
XI 663; 665 sq,
Donnadieu, Gabriel, Vicomte, general, ix
21; x50; 54; 74; 80
Donne, John, first of the Fantastic Poets,
rv 760 sqq,; Herbert and, 767 sq.; and
Italian poetry, 772 sq.
Donnersberg, part of, ceded to Bavaria, ix
658
Donoughmore, 2nd Earl of. See Hely-
Hutchinson
Doornkop, Dr Jameson surrenders at, xii
641
Doppelgrund, The, Eussian army at, vi 285
**Dopper’' Church, in South Africa, xi 786
Doppet, Franqois-Am4d4e, French com-
mander in Spain, vin 439
Dopping, Anthony, Bishop of Meath, v
320
Dorat, Jean (Auratus), French Hellenist,
I 577 ; HI 54 sq.
Dorchester (Massachusetts), fortified, vn
17 ; emigrants from, settle in Connecticut,
18
Sir Dudley Oarleton, Viscount (Lord
Carleton), ni 649; English ambassador
to Paris, iv 263
Sir Guy Carleton, 1st Baron, Go-
vernor of Quebec, vn 171, 214, 216,
308; IX 742; x 687
Doi5, Paul-Gustave, ifrentdi painter, xh
831
Doreslaer, Isaac, v 138
Dorgut, Ottoman sea-captain, ni 125
General Index,
32S
Doria, Andrea (Crenoese admiral), at Mar-
seiiles, ii 49; and Francis I, 57 sqq., 4S0;
aids Charles V, 59, 69; 74; at Nice, 77;
at Genoa, 59, 81 sq.; iii 105; selsies
Coron, 107-8; with Charles T on expedi-
tion to Tunis, 111 ; perfidy of, 114 sqq.,
1S5, 213, 397
Filippino (nephew of above), n SB
Gian Andrea, admiral (the younger),
in 486, 541, 668
Giannettino, adopted son of Andr^,
■
Pietro, Genoese admiral, t 258 sq,
Dormans, fight of (1575), m 28
Dormer, Jane, marries Count of Feria, H
549
Dorner, Isaac August, German theologian,
XII 847 ■
Domes, Auguste, French politician, xi
113
DoroMioff, Euasian officer, guerrilla warfare
under, ix 497
Doroszenko, Cossack Hetman, v 353; 355;
599
Dorothea of Denmark. See Palatinate
Dorp, Arend van, ni 231 sq,
Doipat, siege of (1625), iv 185, (1704), v 591;
University of, x 431, xi 267, xn 336
Dorsenne le Paige, Jean-Marie-Franqois,
Comte, aids Marmont, ix 468
Dorset, “Bloody Assizes “ in, v 232;
parliamentary representation of, x 608
— — Lionel Cranfield Sackvilie, 1st Duke
of, Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, vi 489
Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquis of, i
367, 480, 482
Thomas Backviile, let Earl of
(3rd er.), poems of, m 366 sq., 371
Dorsten, Treaty of (1639), iv 371
Dort, synod at (1586), m 521, (1618), 653,
w 690, T 742, 744; 753; oocupM by
the French (1795), vin 436
Dorth, Colonel Jan van, lord of Horst, at
Bahia, iv 704; death of, 705
Dortmund, compact at (1609), iii 730;
acquired by Prussia, ix 657
Dosithens. See Bostofi, Bishop of
Dossonviile, Jean-Baptiste, police-super-
intendent in Paris, vni 512
Dost AH, Nawab of the Carnatic, vi 532 sq.;
535
Mohammad, Amir of Kabul, xx 731
sqq.; 741 sq. ; and Lord Dalhousie, 744;
745 ; XIX 458 sq, ; 475
Dostoievski, Feodor, Bussian writer, xi
650 sq,; xn 296
Dotrenge, Theodore, x 526, 529
Douai, and Treaty of Arras, nr 251 ; semi-
nary at, 287, 350, 593 ; Archduke Albert’s
army at, 673; taken by French (1667),
‘ V 199, (1712), 434; B25 sq.; besieged by
Marlborough (1710), 428 sq. ; 746; Parle-
mmt of, vHi 47; Irish scholars at, x
■ 622, 630; kc© machine introduced at,
744
Dousy, Abel, French geneml, xi 583 sq.;
SSS; 598
Doudart de Lagr4e, explores the Mekong-
sn 131
Douglas, castle of, taken by the Covenanters,
jv 502
See Angus, Earl of
See Hamilton, Duke of
■ See Queensbany, Duke of
- Gawain, Bishop of Dunkeld, u 691
Sir George, takes refuge in England,
n454, 457
. Sir Kenneth, lieutenant-general, yui
612
Lady Margaret, niece of Heniy “VIII,
IX 445 ; marries Lennox, 458
Stephen Arnold, American politician,
vm 419, 426 sqq., 430, 435; and the
lillnois election, 436 sq. ; 439 sqq,,
444 sq., , 6CK)^
Lieut, -general, besieges Athlone, vB15
Doumer, Paul, Governor- General of Indo-
CMna, XII 528
Doumerc, French eommissary-gcneral, viii
416
Dourlens, submission of, iii 663 ; siege of,
669
Douro, river, Wellesley's passage of, ix 451 ;
and the siege of Oporto, x 328 sqq.;
blockaded (1847), 339
Dover, Charles Y at, ii 46; Charles II
lands at, v 280; Secret Treaty of (June 1,
1670), V 40 sqq., 191, 204, 207, 210, 212;
Second Treaty of {“ traiU eimuU ”) (D'OC.
SI, 1670), 154, 156, 204 sq., 212
Straits of, ■TO"327; defenee of "the,"
IX 210; submarine telegraph under, xi
346
— ^ (New Hampshire), founded, vxc 21
Lord. Sm York®, Sir Joseph
Doveton, Sir John, general, defeats the
Baja of Nagpur, xi 726
Dovizi, Bernardo di. See Bibbiena
Dowdeswell, William, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, vi 436; 437
Down, county, Schomberg lands in, v 312;
the Bteelhoys in, vi 491
'Downing, Sir George, ambassador at, the
Hague, V 107; 148 sq.
Downs, battle of the (1639), it 700 sq., 707,
708
Dowashire, WiHs Hill, Marquis of (Yiaeount
Hillsborough), vx 378 ; 424; 430; Presi-
dent of the Board of Trade, 437; and
' America (Colonial Secretary), 429 sq.,
447, vxi 152 sqq. ; and Ireland, vi 498
Bownton, Nicholas, it 732; at Surat, 741;
745
Ddzsa, G^jrge, Hungarian rebel, x 337;
Mstoricai novel about, xi 427
Dozy, Beinlmrt P. A., historian, xn 8^
Dmga, Queen of Servia, xn 412 sq-
Dragashan, defeat of Xpsilanti at (IPl),
X 179
Dr5gfy, suppresses rebek in Hmngaay, |S37
General Indew.
3^4
Djssgo, I*, M*, io^ntiiie Foreigut Minister,
XU 701
Dm 0 mmidai in 769; indented (1681),
? 24; 87
Bragnl, Axralz, l^nrMsh pirate, n 86,
268
Bialce, Admiral Sir Francis, m 296-9;
knigMed, SOI ; expedition to West Indies,
801 sq., 804 sqq., 414, 486, 492 sq.. 502 sqq. ,
541; ti 65; expeditions of, to 2; x 255;
272
Francis, Britisli agent at Munieh
(1808), IX 28; 80, 821
Boger, G-ovemor of Calcutta, ti
552
Drakenberg Mountains, Hatal frontier, xx
7H2; 788
Brakeuborg, Lutheran victory over forces
of Charles V at, n 261
Drama (Macedonia), policing of, zn 426
Bramali. Ste Ali
Draper, Sir William, lieutenant-general,
VI 869; 427
Bred Scott u. Sandford case, vn 484 sqq.,
■' " 444
Preikaiserhund (of 1872), xii 8 sq.
Preikdnigihil'ndniss (of 1849), xi 220 sqq.
Bren to, invaded, v 150, 157
Brenteln, General, Eussian police official,
XH 806
Br^en, Fatkul at, v 586, 594 ; 602; 620;
viiBl; capitulates, 244; 256; 278; 287;
288; occupied by Austrians (1759), 294;
296; Treaty of (1745), 244 ; 818; occupied
by Bavarian troops (1806), ix 279 ; Napo-
leon at (1807), 294, (1812), 487, (1818),
518, 524, 520, 530; occupied by the
Duke of Brunswick- Oels (1809), 367;
French troops in, 514; evacuated (1818),
615 ; Allies at, 518 ; Schwarzenberg
marches on, 528 ; battle of (Aug, 26-7),
ih,, 525 sqq., 528; 541; proposed con-
ference at, XI 144, 153, 160 ; Mettemieh
at, 154; 217; disturbances in, 219; Oon-
ferencei of, 282 sq.
|h«ax, battle of (1562), n 584; Huguenots
attempt to seize, m 4 ; besieged by Henry
IT (1590), 48
Breyfus, Alfred, French officer, xn 55 ; 112 ;
120 sq.; 126
Brc^heda, Poynings" Parliament at (1494)^
I 472; stormed by OromweH, rr 485;
ttue Irish rebellion and, 528; siege of,
524, 581 »q. ; surrender and sack of,
m sq,; William III at, v 261; 309;
814
Bromofe, roit of Protestant force at (1689),
V 307 sq.
Brorte-Htl^off, BaroaessAimette Elisabeth
voB, XI 414
Broste-Tisc5h»iBg, Baron, Archbishop of
Gologae, Bee CWc^ne
Brotlningholm, TWi^ of P791},‘ « '87'
Brouet, J eaa-Baptisto, Gomte dmlon- See
Brlon ' , J, : ’
Brouot, Franqois-loseph (Lamarche), com-
mands the Army of the North (1798),
vni 429
Brouyn de Lhuys, Edouard, French Minis-
ter of Foreign Affairs, xi 118 ; 121 sqq. ;
recalls Lesseps, 125; in London, ^1;
322; 474; and Convention of Gastein,
479; 480; and Eome, 534; and Syrian
negotiations, 636
Broysen, Johann Gustav, German historian,
XI 160; 164; 195; xn 827 sq.; 845
Brucour, Governor of Louisbourg, to 133
Brucz, river, Charles XII crosses, v 598
Bruey, Charles, Swiss statesman, zi 254
Brumann, Wilhelm, German historian, xii
843
Brumclog, Olaverhouse defeated at (1679),
V 285
Brumcree, Peace of (1563), ni 500
Brummond, John, English merchant in
Amsterdam, v 432
James, 2nd titular Duke of Perth,
VI 103
James, 8rd titular Duke of Perth,
VI 109; 111 sq.
Lord John, 4th titular Duke of
Perth, VI 109; 115; 117
Thomas, Under- Secretary for Ire-
land, X 677
William, of Hawthornden, denounces
the trial pf Balmerino, rv 493
Brumont, Edouard, La Frame Juive, xn
120
Brury, Elizabeth, and Bonne’s Annwer-
saries, iv 765
Sir William, supporter of Queen
Mary, ii 514; in 596, 601
Bruses, tribe of Lebanon district, iz 385;
and Maronites, xi 276
Bryander, Francis. See Enzinas, Fran-
cisco de
James. See Enzinas, Jaime de
Bryden, John, and Beaumont and Fletcher,
iv760; and Fantastic Poetiy, 775 ; vl22;
125; heroic plays of, 126 sq.; comedies
of, 129 sq. ; 131 ; poems of, 132 ; prose
writings of, 182 sq,; satires of, 133 sqq.;
and Shad well, 134 ; religious poems of,
185; conversion of, 135, 234 ; 228; x 696;
714; 724 sq.
Buane, William John, American lawyer,
VII 888
Duarte, Francisca, rv 720
Du Barail, Franqois-Gharles, French general
and statesman, xn 108
Du Barry, Marie- Jeanne Gomard de Tau-
bernier, Counter, vi 380 ; 356; 359; 373;
595
Du Bartas, Sallust©, 01 61
Du BeUay, Guillaume, n 284 sqq.; in
64
— J<^n, Cardinal, ii 281, 284, 287
Joachim, in 54 sqq., 71
Martin, m 64
Dubimka, battle of, vxii 532
S2S
General Iitdeos.
Dll ^ Biez, Oadardj Frenclh marshal, be-
sieges Boulogne, ii 460
Babilza, stormed by London, vm 325
Bubiin, siege of (1534), ii442; trade with
Bristol, m 579; Parliament at, 582;
Tyrone submits in, 611; Tyrone and
O’Caban cited to, 612; County, Engilsb
• in,' in 580; Cromwell at, iv435; Parlia-'
ment meets in {July 14, 1634), 518;
Strafford at, 520; rebels fail to capture,'
522; defence of, 523; Harconrt at, 5M;
return of Ormonde to, 526; Glamorgan
arrested at, 529 ; peace proclaimed at, 530 ;
besieged by the Confederates, 531, 532 sg.;
final settlement and, 536 ; castle of, sur-
prised, 547; ^261; Convention of Estates
at (1660), 301; dames II at, 308, 315;
312; 314; William HI at, 315; disturb-
ances in, VI 485, 489, 491; distress in,
495, 503 ; 497 ; 'Volunteer Convention at,
501 sq.; 504; disaffection in (1792), ix
695; University of, 696; 705; Parlia-
mentary reform in, 697; 705; Fitzwiiliam
in, 698 sq.; mails for, stopped, 701; and
the Union, 704; Emmet arrested in, 707;
discontent in (1^8) , 708 ; Catholic traders
in, X 626 ; Association for Catholic relief,
627 sq., 632, 639 ; OUonnell leaves (1798),
630; XI 7; University of, 9; xn 38;
Trinity College, 29, 71 sq. ; Catholic
University at, 71 sq.; Parnell in, 75; 80;
Phoenix Park murders in, 81; National
Conference at, 82; 83; 762
Dublin Evening Fostt The, x 635
Dublin Society, The, vi 484
Du Bocage, Manuel Maria Barbosa, Portu-
guese poet, vin 784
Dubois, Guillaume, Cardinsd, v 90; and
the negotiations with Great Britain, vi
26 sq.; 29 sq.; in London, 31; 38; 123
sq.; 126; 129 sq.; ministry of, 131; 134;
144; 587; death of, 127, 131; viii 9
Paul-Fran<^ois, French publicist,
x'"95
Captain of the Paris Watch (1788),
VIII 115 ; Prefect of Police, ix 8; 11, 16,
21; discovers a plot (June, 1808), 137 ; 141
Dubois-Cranc6, E. -L.-AIexis, viii 174, 340;
at Lyons, 346, 351; 366; Minister of
War, 432, 678
Du Bouchage, Gabriel Gratet, Yicomte, x
47; 54
Du Bourg, Anne, executed, n 296
Antoine, Chancellor under Francis I,
n 286, 296
Dubuisson, French physician, ix 143
Due,"- Fronton' L©' (Ducaeus), 'Jesuit, i 618-
sq.; edits Bt €hry$o$t(m^ m 61
Du Camp, Maxime, x 516
Da Cax^e, Charles da Fresne, Seigneur,
m 61
Dueas, Demetrios, Cretan scholar at Alesl&,
n 4(K)
D’ucaaae# Jean-BapMale, French seaman,
„ V 59; 691
Du Cayla, Zo4 Talon, Comtease, x 69
Du Ohailiu, Paul, African explorer, xii 812
Du Chasteler, J. G. J. A., Marquis, sent to
recover Tyrol, ix 355
Duchtel, Gharies-Marie-Tanneguy, Comte,
. French Minister of Finance, x 497 ; 508 ;
■. ■ ■ 511 ; Minister of the Interior, xi 96
— Dutch painter, xii .249
Du Chsyla, Abb5, murder of, v 26
Duch5, Jacob, American clergyman, vii
161
Duchesne, Andrd, iii 63
. — Louis, historian, xii 847 sq.
. French general, in Tonkin, xn 131,
526; in Madagascar, 130 *
Duois, Jean-Franc;ois, rx 132
Duckwitx, Arnold, German politician, xi
166; 227
Duckworth, ' Sir John Thomas, admiral,
IX 234; commands expedition to Con-
stantinopl©, 235; forces passage of the
. Dardanelie.s, 388
Du Clerc, French seam a, n, r 679
Duclerc, Gharles-Th4odore-Eug^ne, French
politician, xi 113
Du Clercq, Jacques, historian, i 430, 433
Ducos, Boger, vm 669 sq.; and Napoleon,
675 sq,, 679, 683; provisional Consul,
686; IX 1; 5, 8
Theodore, French politician, xi 127
Duep^tiaux, Edouard, Belgian politician,
X 532; 536 sq.
Duerest, barber, pension of, viii 73
Dueret, the younger, chemist, ix 133
Du Croc, French ambassador to Mary
Queen of Scots, in 272 sqq.
Ducrot, Auguste-Alexandre, French general,
XI 598; 605 sqq.
Du Daugnon, Phench naval commander,
holds Brouage, iv 600 sq., 618; 613;
Governor of La Eocheile, 615; defeated
off E5, 617
Duddingston, Prince Charles at, vi 113
Du Deffand, Marquise, vi 767
Duderstadt, Wallenstein meets Tilly at,
' ■ 'IV 97 ''' ' .
Dudevant, Amantine-L.-A, See Sand,
George
Dudley, Edmund, Minister of Henry VU,
I 477 sq.
Lord Guilford, marriage of, to Lady
Jane Grey, n 510; arrested, 518 ; executed,
628
Sir Henry, ii 505; plots against
Mary, 544
— John, See Northumberland, Duke of
John William Ward, British Foreign
Secretary, x 197, 200
Joseph, Governor of Massachusetts
vn 64 sq.
Lord Boberi. See Leicester, Earl
of
DtInewaM, Count Johann Heinrich voui
Austrian general, v 367
'Dtppel, XI 167; capture of, 224 ; 4M sq.
General Indea;.
Barer, Alferectil, i 823, 828; Triumph
&f Maxmiiiauy 826; 688; n 159; and
Braemus, 167
B’aero, Manuel de la Conelia, Marques deL
&e Bel Buero
DuftseMurf, Beformed congregation at, m
705; meeting of Estates at, 716; “Pos-
fi^wing*® Prinees in, 780; school of the
Beformed Church at, t 757 ; reform at,
ix 410 ; 411 ; reTolutionary movement at,
XI 219
Bu Efyrgis, French enToy to Spain, and the
Treaty of Monzon, it 59, 675
Bufaure, Jules-Armand-Stanislas, French
statesman, x 511; xi 98; 115; Minister
of the Interior, 117, 128; 119; 126;
XII 101; 105; supports TMera, 106 ; 107;
111 »q.; 115; resigns, 116
Bufferin and Ats, Frederick T. Hamilton-
Temple-Blackwood, Marquis of, xi 63C;
XII 23; and Egyptian affairs, 438 sq.,
450 ; Yiceroy of India, 477 sqq.
Duffy, Charles Gavan, and the Young
Ireland i^rty, xi 7
Bufour, William Henry, Swiss general,
XI 239; 250 sq.; 255
Bafraisse, Marc, x 485; banished, xi 139
Bugommier, J.-F.-Coquille, French general,
Tm 352, 440
Bugonics, Andrew, Hungarian writer, xi
422
Bugua, Charles-F.-J., French general, Tm
601 sq., 614
Buguay-Trouin, Bend, French admiral, t
59; 679; vi 391
Bn Haiilan, Bernard, French historian,
. ■ ' ■ .
Bu Haliier, Comte. See L^Hospital
Dwhayet, Aubert, French ambassador to
the" Porte, ix 386
Buhesme, Comte Philippe - Guillaume,
French general, at Naples, Tin 653; in
Catalonia, ix 289 ; 480, 435, 439 ; relieved
feyGouvion Samt-Cyr, 448
Xhihol, General, in Paris, xi lOO
Batch, Boch, Jacobites at, ti 106
Buisburg, University of, it 789, 791, T 656
Boiveland, island of, taken by Spaniards
(1575), HI 242
Bu Jon, Francois (Franciscns Junius),
Calvinist, at Antwerp, ih 201; death or,
647; IT 717
Bulw, Count Peter von, Austrian held-
' - jtoarshal, wm 575
Balaney, Daniel, Maryland jurist, vn 59 ;
legal arguments of, Chap, vi passim
Bulce, Bomingo, Spanish general, xi 560;
569; XH 265
Bulcigno, ceded to Montenegro, xn 37;
390 ; 392; rMtored to Turkey, 396; 402
Bu Luc, French ambassador to Switzerland,
VI 613; 615
X>nma, m the early days, of the Mus-
covite State, V 484 491 »q.;; <»undl
acts as a, 502; Buiwiim modem scheme
initiated, xn 351 sqq.; Act establishing
Buma, 356 sqq.; meeting of the first,
364 sqq. ; the second, 372 sqq. ; the third,
. ■ 375 sq. ; visit of leaders of, to England,
380
Bumanoir le Pelley, Comte Pierre-Etienne-
Ben5-Marie, French rear-admiral, ix 54;
234 ■
Bumas, Alexandre, m 648; x 101; 515;
'725 sq.; xi 426 sq. ; dramas of, 515;
519
Alexandre, Jils, xi 516 sqq. ; 548
— - Alexandre Bavy de la Pailleterie,
French general, holds the S. Bernard and
Mont Cenis, tih 438
Benoit, Governor of Pondicherry,
■ VI 533
Comte Matthieu, viii 213, 488, 507
Bend -Francois, French politician,
executed, vin 371
Bu Maurier, French ambassador to Maurice
of Orange, iii 653
Bumay, Jean-Baptiste, Mayor of Creusot,
XI 503
Dumbarton Castle, hi 232; taken by the
Covenanters, iv 502; vi 92; Bushell at,
107
Bumerbion, Pierre Jadar, French general,
vm 438
Dumfries, Treaty of Union burnt at, v
299
Dumfriesshire, recusants in, v 283
Bumolard, Joseph- Yincent, French deputy,
vra 488, 508
Bumonceau, Jean-Baptiste, General, ix 90
Dumont, Charles - Albert - Auguste - Eugdne,
XII 118
Jean, the Letter to an Englishmanf
T 514 ^
P.-Etienne-L., French publicist, vxir
150, 748
Bu Moulin, Peter, French divine, and
James I, v 743
Bumoulin, Charles, French legist, ni 59
Bumonriez, Charles - Franqois, French
general, vi 355 ; Foreign Minister under
Louis XYI, Tin 223 sq.; Minister of
War, 227, 406; resigns, 228; in Paris,
259; at Neerwinden, 268, 420 sq. ;
negotiates with Austria, 268, 421 sq.,
503; in Belgium, 299, 415 sqq.; at
Yalmy, 410 sq.; in Holland, 418 sq.;
in Bmsseis, 420; ix 80
Bun, ceded to France, v 83
Bunajewsfci, Julian von, Austrian Minister
of Finance, xii 195
Bunamiiade, Swedish victory at (1701),
v 592; fortress of, vi 315
Bunbar, Mary Stewart carried to, m 274 ;
battle of (1650), iv 435, 510; Cope at,
VI 113
Gawain, Bishop of Aberdeen, n 453
William, poet, n 691
— — Scottish merchant of Bamig, apd ,
Charles X, rv 580
General Index.
827
Bunblaae, Bake of Argjll at, n lOO
- — - Bishop of, Catholic entoj fiom Mary
Qaeeia of Scots, m 272, 275
Btinboy, ceded to King of Spain, iii 532
Bnnboyns, James &tler, 2nd Lord
(brother-in-law of Gerald, Earl of Des-
mond), ■ in-, 596 .
Duncan, Adam, Viscount Camperdown,
VIII 453 s<j., 479, 481 ; at Camperdown,
482 sq. ; ix 40
major-general, defeated at Eyliebro,
V..569
Duncannon, captured by William III,
V 315
— - Lord. Bee Besshorongh.
Duncker, Maximilian Wolfgang, xi 164;
History of Antiquity ^ xii 846
Dundalk, Norris at, iii 606; Mountjoy at,
608; Chichester at, 613; surrendered to
Inchiqiiin, iv 532 ; Schomberg at, v 312
sqq.
Dundas, Francis, General, in Cape Colony,
IX 760
Henry. See Melville
Dundee, Jacobite rising at, vi 98
John Graham of Ciaverhouse, Vis-
count, V 285; 288 ; 291 sqq.; death of,
312
William Graham, 5th titular Vis-
count of, VI 98
Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl
of, and the Badioal movement, ix 688;
in South America, x 291 sqq., 295, 316
Dunes, battle of the (1658). See Dunkirk
Dungannon, Vi 499; volunteers at, 501
Hugh, Baron of. See Tyrone
Matthew O’Neill (Fedoragh), Baron
of. See Tyrone
Dungeness, Anglo-Dntch naval action off,
XV 474 sq., 478; French fleet at, vi 239
Dungern, Baron Emil August von, Nassau
statesman, xi 147
Dunin, Archbishop of Posen. See Posen
Dunkeld, Jacobite rising at, vi 98
Andrew Bruce, Bishop of, ni 267
Dunkirk, sack of, by French (1558), ii 93;
Spanish port, iii 507; fleet of transports
ordered at, 623; pirates at, 634; Crom-
well and, IV 439; Anglo-French expedi-
tion against (1657), 440, 485 ; 540 sq. ;
taken by the French (Oct. 11, 1646),
598; 611; France forced to abandon,
618; invested, 619; battle of (1658),
660; Dutch expeditions against (1631),
694, (1037), 698; Spaniards retreat to,
700 ; surrender of, to French and Dutch,
703 ; 70S; v 14; 104; transferred to
France (1662), 106; 113; 423; 433; 440;
and Anglo-French Treaty, 442; vi 23;
Old Pretender at, 92 sq. ; 102; 110; 159;
239; and Treaty of Aix-la-Ohapella, 249;
331; 340; fortifications of, 345 sq., 429,
436 ; 464; besieged by English (1793),
vm431; relieveC^*? French troops at,
. IX 208-9 ; harbour of, xn 102
.Dunmore, John, 4th Earl, of, Governor of
Virginia, vii 164, 169
Dunning, burnt by the Jacobites, vi
102
John. See Ashburton, Lord
Dunnottar Castle, prisoners in, v 289
Dunois, Frsnqois, Count of, i 393
Dunoyer, Barthdiemy - Charles - Pierre -
Joseph, editor of Le Cemeur^ ix 569
Dunraven, Windham Thomas Wyadham-
Quin, 4th Earl of, xa 89
Dunrobin, Earl of Sutherland at, vi 99
Dunstable, ■ Cranmer tries divorce question
' ■ at, II 440' '
Dupanioup. See Orleans, Bishop of
Dupaty, C.-M. Jean-Bap tiste Mercier, ix
169
Da Perron, Cardinal J. D., French diplo-
matist (1607), HI 684
Dupetit-Thouars, Abel Aubert, French
admiral, xi 35
Dnphot, Ldonard, French general, vm 637 ;
■assassination of, x 132
Dupin, A.-M.-J.-J., x 91; 487; 489; and
idglers, 503; and Mold, 507; 508
— Charles, x 493; xi 102; 116; ISO
Claude,. French farmer-general,, vm
71
Du Plan, supporter of Savoy in Geneva,
m 414
Dupleix, Joseph, Governor-general of French
India, vi 533 sqq. ; defends Pondicherry,
538; 539; 541; fall of, 542; policy of,
543 sq. ; character of, 545 ; 546
Duplessis-Mornay. See Mornay
Du Piessis-Prasiin. See ChoiseuI
Dupont, Samuel Francis, American admiral,
va 554
■ de l*Euie, Jaoques-Charles, x,,484;.
499; xrl02; 109; 124
de i^Etang, Comte Pierre, French
general, ix 254; ordered to Cadia, 311;
at Baylen, 315; his armies at Bayonne,
430; corps of, 435-6; attacks Cordova,
437; failure and imprisonment of, 438;
439, 441; Minister of War, 557; 5S5,
568; succeeded by Souit, 57i
— — de Nemours, Pierre-S., vai 21, 23,
86, 179; and the Court, 216; 488; 501,
515, 715
Duport, Adrien, member of the Halional
Assembly, vm 131, 174, 182, 187, 200
Duport-du-Tertre, M.-H-Franoois, Minister
of Justioe under Louis XVI, viii 216,
222; executed, 357
Dimrtail, Lebdgue, Minister of 'War under
Louis XVI, via 216; resigns, 220
Duprat, Cardinal Antoine, Chancellor of
France, h 95, 147, 284 sq. ; death of,
2S6
Pascal, French politician, xt 110;
112; XII 103
Dupuis, explorer, xxr 524; 797
Dupuy, Ohsrles-Alexandre, Freadi
man, xii 121; 126 .mn.
Bm
GmeraJ Index.
Baptiy, Bominiqtte, Wmmh general, rm
603; Mllea, 606
Dnqneane, Abraham, French seaman, t 44 ;
162; 183
de MenneTiile, Marquis, GoYemor
of New France, vn 98, 119
Bnrand, Sir Mortimer, mission of, to the
Amir, xir 482 sq. ; 487
Nicolas (Vifiegagnon), i 48 sq.
Diiraiid-Mailiane, Pierre-Tonssaint, French
politician, Yin 386
Dnrando, Giacomo, Italian Foreign Minister,
XI 65, 634
Giovanni, Italian general, xi 84; 86
Borandus (Gtiillamne Durand), French
Canonist, at Council of Yienne, i 620
Durango, Carlist capital, xii 260
Duran ton, Antoine, Minister of Justice to
Douis XYI, Tin 223
Duras, 3j4opold, editor of Le National^ xi
127
Due de, ti"334
Durban, capital of Natal, xi 782; Conven-
tion at, xn 646
D’Drfoan, Sir Benjamin, Governor of Cape
Colony, XI 780 sq.
Boren, siege and capture of, by Charles Y
(1643), u 77, 244
Durham, Catholic Barle in, iii 281
John George Lambton, 1st Earl of,
and parliamentary reform, x 603, 608 sq*,
614, 617 aq. ; 665; resits, 668; 666;
XI 16; and Canada, x 690, 692 sq., xi
765 sqq.; 762; 765 sqq.; and the West
Indies, xii 656
Burjan Sal, rebel Jat, xi 729
Burnovd, I., Bussian Minister of the In-
terior, XIX 813; 326
P., Bussian Minister of the Interior,
XII 360; 362 sq.; 365
Duroc, G.-C.-Miehel, Due de Friuli, vni
564, 592, 616; ix 23; 50, 103; Napo-
leon’s Grand Marshal of the Palace,
111; receives the Duchy of Friuli, ib-;
al BearMn, 261; 255; interview wi&
liUechesmi, 278; 301; Napoleon’s in-
Btmetions to, 302
Buroveray, Jean, Genevan democrat, assists
Mirabeau, vni 150
Bnmy, Yictor, French Minister of Public
Bdueation, xi 476; 479 ; 484; attacked
by the Catholics, 485, 494; xn 93; 118;
131
Bn Bjer, Pierre, French dramatic poet, v
68
Busan, Stephen, of Servia, death of (1356),
I 67
Busanlx, Jean, Famch writer and politician,
vixi 247
Buschek, Francis, Hungarian Minister of
Finance, xi 212 sq.
Busentschur, Anabaptist, at Mdnster, u
226 sq.
Bttssen, Bruno van dar, Batcdi diplomatist,
V422 ; 427 sq.; 439
Dussindale, Bet defeated at, n 493
Butch Eeptiblic. See Netherlands, United
Provinces of the
Beformed Church, in S- Africa, xi
785
Buteil, Bepublican politician, xi 137
Du Tertre, Jean-Baptiste, vii 97 ■
Bu Tiliot, Parmesan Minister, vi 693 sq.
Butoitspan, discovery of diamonds at, xi
787
Bu Tremblay, Franqois. See Joseph, Mre
Du Yair, Guillaume, Bishop of Lisieuz.
See Lisieux, Bishop of
Du Yal de Dampierre, Henri, Comte, com-
mands under Bucquoy, iv *23 ; 31
Duvelaer, Director of the French East
India Company, vi 542
Buvergier de Hauranne, Abbe de Saint
Cyran. See Saint-Cyran
Prosper, x 95 ; 507 sq. ; xi 116 ;
XII 103
Duverne de Presle, T.-Laurent-M. (Theo-
dore Dunan), viii 505 sq., 511
Duverney, Paris, vi 134; 144
Duveyrier, Honore-Nicolas-Marie, French
politician, ix 15
Dnvivier, Franciade-Fleurus, French gene-
ral, XI 104; 113
Duwallj Swedish general, iv 219 ; Arnim’s
Silesian scheme and, 236 ; death of, 247
Dvemicki, Joseph, Polish general, x 469;
471
Dybowski, African explorer, xn 130
Dybvad, Greorge, Danish theologian, loses
his chair, iv 567
Dyeviohesky monastery, v 523
Dykvelt, Everhard van Weede, Heer van,
Dutch envoy in England, v 235 ; 240 sq.
Dynter, Edmond of, Flemish historian, i
433
Dyson, Jeremiah, Clerk of the House of
Commons, vi 424 ; 427 ; 438 sq. ; 442
Dxieduszycki, Count Izydor, Polish writer,
XI 657
Dxierzgowski, Primate of Poland. See
Gnesen
Dzikowa, partisans of Stanislaus at, vi 197
Earle, Thomas, American lawyer, vii 388
William, General, and the Gordon
relief expedition, xn 442 sq.
Early, Jubal Anderson, Confederate general,
vn 531 sq.; defeated by Sheridan (1865),
537
East Africa Company putch), v 647;
(German), xn 661
East Anglia, spinning and weaving in,
X 735 sq.
Eastern Association, The, rv 311 ; 314 ; 321
Bengal and Assam, province of, xn
495
Question, The (Near), in the 18th
century, the European powers and, Yol.
vm, Chap, xi, 306-37; of early 19li
centuxy, eee Yol. z, Chap, vi
General Index.
829
169-204, Gliap. xvn, 545-72; of the
middle 19th ceatury, see VoL xi, Chap,
iz especially 275-85, Chap, xi,
CrimeaB war, passim, 309-24, also Chap,
xxn passim^ especially 635-47; of
late 19tli and early 20tli ■ eentnries, Tol,
zn, Chap, ziv, The Ottoman Empire
and the Balkan Peninsnia, 381-428 ; for
Egyptit Chap, zv, 429-56; see also the
■" Ear, 'East ■ ■ ■
East Eriealand, Mansfield in, iv 85 sq.;
Brandenburg and, v 647; and HanoYer,
. IX '592, 654,., 657
— — Edzard of, i 453 ■ ,
East India Company (Brandenburg), v 646
(Danish), chartered in 1614, it 746
(Dutch), ni 633; 633 sq. ; iv 694;
703; profits of, 710; centres of, 711; and
Japan, 712; and Oriental trade, 713;
Peace of Mtinster and, 716; 729; 731
sq. ; financial position of, 735, 744 sq. ;
agreement of June 1619 and, 737; 738;
740; 742; Joan Maurice of Nassau and,
753; V 138; 149; 693; 702; yi 188;
IX 749; end of, 754
(English), III 662; riYal of the
Dutch, IV 713; foundation of, 729 sq.;
first expedition of, 731; comparison
between Dutch East India Company
and, 732; financial position of, 735;
agreement of June 1619 and, 737;
738; demands reparation for Amboina
“massacre,*^ 739; 740 sq.; lays founda-
tions of British India, 742; 745; dependent
on the Crown, 746; v 108; 138; 149;
178 sq.; 274; 692; operations and policy
of, 697 sqq. ; establishment of new
Company (1698), 700; union of the two
Companies, 701 ; 704 sq. ; Voh yi, Chap.
XY (2) and (3) passim; 45; 49; 180;
438 ; 445 sq. ; 465 ; 467 ; 469 ; vn 157 sq. ;
see Yol, ix, Chap, zxm, The British
Empire (1783-1815); x 728; 760; xi
310; 329; 724 sqq,; Crown takes the
place of, 749 sqq.; and China trade,
804 sqq., 822
(French), attempts to organise, in
694; Y 12 sq. ; vi 173 sqq.; Chap, xy (2)
passim ; vn 92 sq. ; Galonne forms a new
(1785-6), VIII 99
East Indies, Spanish naviration to, iy 744;
V 107 ; Dutch and English in, 108, 148
sq., 161, 154, 179; yz 67; England and,
248; Jesuits expelled from Portuguese
possessions in, 387 ; 429 ; 756 ; British
trade with, vn 4 ; foreign trade of, xi 15.
See also under Indies
— - (Dutch), abolition of slavery in, xi
666 ; 667 sq., xn 668
— (trench), xx 209 ; British fleet in,
219; insurance of merchantmen for,-
242 '
Easton, Adam, Cardinal and Bishop of
NorwMa, Bible Translations of, t 593,
W ,
Eaetport, captured by the British (1814),
VII 344
East Betford, and the franchise, x 601
Eaton, Theophilus, forms colony of New
HaYcn, Yii 20 ■
Eberach, Henry, scholar at Erfurt, n 111
Peter, scholar at Erfurt, n 111
Eberlin, John, of Gunzburg, n 159 sqq. ;
Utopian scheme of, 183 sq.
Eberaberg, forest of, and Hohenlinden, ix
67
Ebl5, Comte Jean-Baptiste, French general,
IX 501
Eboll, Buy Gomez de Silva, Prince of, m
190; influence of, with Philip II, 476 sq.;
490; death of, 241, 514
Ana de Gomez de Silva Mendoza y
la Cerda, Princess of, and murder of
Escobedo, m 515 .
Ebro river, French army of Spain on, ix
430, 441; Spanish armies on, 443
Ebusood El Amadi, in 128
Ecclesiastical Commission, becomes per-
manent in England, x 673 sq.
Court, of James 11, v 234
Echagiie, Bafael, Spanish general, xi 569
Echigo, fight at, xi 859
Echizen clan and daimids^ Yol. xi, Chap.
xxYin (2) passim
Eck, Dr Johann Maier (called Eek), contro-
versialist, 1 678 ; n 29 ; Obelisks of, against
Luther, 130 ; isputes with Luther, 134
sq.; 138; 162; Loai Communes of, 172;
212; 240 ; 328
John (of Trier), n 140
Leonard von, Chancellor of Bavaria,
n 191
Eckeren, the Allies defeated at (1703), v
407
Edkemfbrde, Danish men-of-war at, xi 224
Eokhart, Master/* of Cologne, German
mystic, I 434
Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius von, German
numismatist, xn 816
Eokmiihl, battle of (1809), ix 349
J&coU des CharteSj xn 834
Ecuador, Spanish conquest of, i 45; &-
public of, formed (1830), x 296; xn 672
sq.; 678; 696; and Panama, 700. See
also under Colombia
Edam, and Act of Seclusion, v 143
Eden, Sir Ashley, envoy to Bhutan, xi 752
Sir Frederick Morton, The State of
the Poor, x 782
- — Sir Morton, British Ambassador at
Ymnna, mx 559 sq,, 645, 660
■ Bichwd, ' American works ' of, i '52-
WiUiara. See Auckland, Lord
Bdgeumbe, Mchard Edgeumbe, 2nd Lord,
n 437
Edgecombe, Sir Bichard, i 471
EdgehiB, battle of (1642), iy 307, ill
Edgeworth, Bichard Loveli, author, rm
m, 765
aso
General Indeis.
d© Firmont* AhM Henry Essex,
eonfessor to Louis XVI, fm 261
Edliem Eiis3m» Turkish eommsnder, xs
421
Edict of Be&niien, m SO
— of Emancipation (1807), ix SSO; 331
— of January (1362), n 304; ni 1, 2, 26
of July, The French {1661), n 301
■ of Haates, m 675 sqq,, 681, 754;
relocation of, r 18, 21 sqq.; England
and, 50; 51sqq. ; 57; 87; 166; James H
and, 233; 654; vi614. nZso Toleration
of Bestitntion, French (1561), n 303
« — of Bestitution, Imperial, iv 109-17 ;
233; snspended in Peace of Prague, 253;
395 ; Bishop of Osnabruck and, 401 ; 411 ;
414 ; 676 sq. ; Maximilian of Bavaria and,
679; Urban VIII and, 688
of Toleration, withdrawn (1588)
through Guise influence, in 511
of ViilerB-Cotterets (1539), ii 96
Edinburgh, burnt by the English, n 459,
556; Scottish Beformation Parliament
at, 579; Treaty of (1560), 577, 581, m
2^, 282 ; Lords of the Congregation in,
264 ; Town Council of, 268 ; Mary Stewart
sat, 274-6 ; castle of, 282 sqq, ; supports
Scottish clergy, 551 ; and English
Liturgy, iv 496 sq. ; and ‘^King’s
Covenant,*^ 499; castle of, taken by
Covenanters, 502 ; ^ ‘ Plotters * ’ imprisoned
m, 505; Charles I in, ih.; Cromwell
in, 508, 610; Butch naval demonstration
against, v 188; 226; prisoners at, 286;
the Pope’s effigy burnt at, 287; execu-
tions at, 287, ^9 sq. ; 291 ; 299 ; castle
of, VI 92 ; 94 ; 98 sq. ; Porteous mob in,
108; 111; Prince Charles in, 112 sq.;
114 sq.; and John Law, 169, 175;
Brougham at, x 665; Allan Bamsa/s
Iheati'e at, 701
S4lnbur§h jkevieWf influence of, ix 687;
Lord Brougham and, x 575; 601; and
Wordsworth and Coleridge, 707; and
Byron, 711; 716; xi 362
iSdinbnrgh, idfred, Buka of. See Saxe-
Coburg-Ootha, Duke of
'Bteunds, ■ 'George Franklin. American
statesman, vn 653
Bdrisi (Shdvif al-Edrisi ajs-Sikilli al-Bod-
fari), Arab geographer, i 9
Education {see Schools and Universities,
but aUo for slighter mention), Calvin’s
of, u 372 sq. ; Ewingli’a system
— -erf* 318 ; ©Sect of English suppression of
monasteries on, 468; Edward Vi’s reign
and, 503; in Austria, Joseph II and, vi
628; of secular clergy, 637; in Bel-
gium, clerical seminary at Louvain under
Joseph U, 649 sqq.; in Canada, work
of the Prenoh and English missionaries
in, vn 101 sqq.; in Denmark, under
Christian Yl, vi ‘789; in Kew England,
vn 58 sqq. ; in Ottoman Empire,
under Soljman the Magnifioent, ■ni
127 sq. ; in Poland, ** Education Com-
mission” of “Delegation Diet,” vr 671;
in Bussis, under Catharine II, 692 sq. ;
in United States, unique character of,
vn 750 sq.
Education Acts, English, of 1839, x 679;
of 1870, XI 24 sq., 57 ; of 1902, 57 sqq.
Edward III, King of England, and Venice,
I 257
IV, King of England, i 390, 430,
463sq.;ni738
— VI, King of England, i 52 ; birth of,
n 448; reign of, Chap, xiv passim;
Prayerbook of, v 325; and Kussian
trade, 513
"WI, King of Great Britain (Prince
of Wales), illness of (1872), xi 330, xii
46; marriage of, xi 338; xn 14; acces-
sion of, 53; 55; visits Ireland (1885), 82;
and France, 97 sq. ; and Germany, 172 ;
291; receives Duma leaders, 3S0; pro-
claimed Emperor of India, 495 ; 679 ; 722
Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin, Major-
General, in India, xi 740 sq. ; 744
Edwards, Jonathan, vii 60; theological
works of, 729 sq., 732 sq.
Effiat de Chilli et de Longumkau, Antoine
Coiffier de Buz4, Marquis de, superin-
tendent of finances, rv 130; 151
MgaliU, La, French journal, xii 123
Eger, Wallenstein murdered at, rv 242 sq. ;
taken by Wrangel, 392; 894
river, attack on, vi 234; 236; 255
Eggenberg, Prince Ulric von, Imperial
councillor, iv 68; 72; Wallenstein and,
94, 100, 105, in Moravia, 212, 238, 240;
death of, 252; conversion of, 400
Egidio. See Gil, Juan
Eglinton, Alexander Montgomerie or Seton,
6th Earl of, march of, upon Edinburgh,
IV 508
Egmont (North Holland), Descartes at,
rv 788
Charles of. See Gelders
John Perceval, 2nd Earl of, vi 424 ;
430 ; 435; 437
Lamoral, Count of, victorious at
Gravelines, n 93, 661; embassy to
England of, 525, 530; m 48-9, 184,
188 sqq., 203 sqq., 209 sqq. ; execution of,
and its effects, 220, 228, 511
Sabina of Bavaria, Countess of,
in 189
Egremont, Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl
of, VI 420; 424; 426; 430
Eguia, Francisco ]^m6n de, Spanish Min-
ister of War, X 209
Egniiles, Alexandre-J.-B. de Boyer, Mar-
quis de, VI 113
Egypt, at war with Turks, i 89; Ottoman
conquest of (1517), 91, ni 117 ; Spanish,
etc. factories in, i 496; Leibniz and, v
696; VI 51; French advance into, 350;
the Osmanli Sultans and, 507; Napoleon’s
Egyptian expedition, Voi. vin, Chap, xix.
General Index,
881
594-619; tb6 struggle for &e Mediter-
rasaeaE (1798-9), Chap, xx, 690-82.
passim’; French designs npon (1801), ix
70 ; English occnpation of, 72 ; restored
to Turkey (1802), 74, 78; French and
English withdraw from, 75 ; Sebastiani’s
report on lOS ; French feint upon (1804),
215, 217; British defeat in (1807), 285;
designs of France and Bussia on, 808,
810 sq., abandoned, 815; advance .of
Turkish authority in, 887 ; French loss
of, 419; under Mehemet Ali, Yol. x,
Chap. XVII passim; 172; 176; France
and, 512 sq.; (1841-1907), Vol. xii.
Chap, XV ; British occupation of, 8, 40,
240 ; 5 ; 7 ; 34 ; Gladstone and, 49; 55 ;
88 ; 95 ; 132 ; Great Britain and, 161,
658; 428; 499; Concert of Europe and,
728; archaeological work in, 774, 845;
806; 811; 813
Ehlers, Martin, Professor of philosophy at
Kiel, vni 788
Ehrenberg, Philip Adolf von. Bishop of
Wurzburg. See Wurzburg
Ehrenbreitstein, besieged and taken by the
French (1799), vm 641, 644, 654; ix
659
Ehrensvard, August, Swedishnaval engineer,
VI 775
Ehrhard, Albert, German scholar, xn
848
Eichendorfif, Joseph von, Baron, German
poet, X 404 sq.
Eichhorn, J. A, F. E., Prussian statesman,
and the Customs^ Union, x 378; xi
51 sq.
Karl Friedrich, German legal his-
torian, writings of, xii 818 sqq.; 846
• Eiohsfeld, The, Catholic reaction in, m
178, 180; Prussian a^uisitions in, ix 78
Eickstedt, Hans Henrik, Banish general,
VI 751
Eider river, Prussian troops cross, xi 162 ;
388; and the Banish frontier, 693 sq.
Ein Aga, travellers at, xii 805, 813
Einarsen, Gisser. See Skalholt (Iceland),
Bishop of
Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, Luther’s
hjTOn, n 201
Binsiedel, Count, Saxon Minister, x 374
Einsiedeln, pilgrimages to, ii 105; town
of, and Schwyz, n 625 ; political
meeting at, xi 242
Eisenach, Luther’s life at, ii 109 sq.; Bandr
at, IV 372; vi 263 sq.; Prussian force at,
265; 269
Eisleben, Luther bom at, n 109; Tilly at,
IV 204
Ekaterinodir, 'mutiny at, xn 362
Bkaterinoslaff, Bussiaa military colony,
X 416; rising in, xn 363 ; 374
/ Blaadsiaagte, Boers repulsed at, xii 642
Arish, fight at, viii 609; Treaty of
(ISM), 617
, M Mum, Fmmh explorer in, xh 808
Elba, occupied by Gosimo de’ Medlei, ii 84,
■ 88; Oosimo’s schemes in, iii 385, B91;
/ iron worked at, 392; Spanish fortress
in, VI 124; annexed by France, rx 75,
■ 101 ; banishment of Napoleon to, 558-9;
'.Napoleon leaves, 573 ; granted to Tuscany,
654, 661
Elbe river, the Northern Mark and, v 617 ;
618 ;, '627; 646; vi 234; Frederick II
■ 'cros,ses, 241; 242; 244; 257 sq«; 263;
— French troops on, 265 sq. ; crossed by the
. Austrians, 296; 298; mouth of, to be
closed to English trade, ix 374; right
bank of, finally abandoned by Napoleon,
531; Allies cross (1813), 532; and
Heligoland, xn 167
Elb^e, M,-L. Gigot de, Tendean leader, vin
266, 353 sq.
Elberfeld, revolutionary meeting at, xi
219; 394
Elbeuf, Charles of Lorraine, Marquis of,
m 663
— Bend of Lorraine, Marquis of, ii 576
Elbing, “proposition” of Gastavus Adol-
phus from, rv 190; capitulation of, to
Charles X, 428; Treaty of, 583; v 146;
acquired by Poland (1466), 634 ; 638;
641; 667
El Bodon, fight at (1811), ix 468
Eleho, David Wemyss, Lord, Jacobite,
VI 114
Eldon, John Scott, 1st Earl of, vi 466;
vm 761; ix 683; and Toiy party,
686; and Edinburgh Review^ 688; and
criminal law, 692; liord Chancellor,
X 574; 680; and Canning, 591; 601;
618; and Catholic Emancipation Bill,
653
Mlectewr^ Be, French journal, xi 488
Electoral Collie, i 291, 302, 309; the
meeting of six Electors (KurfUrstentag),
291, 311; Electoral Union {Kwj’&rsten*
verein), 292, 311
Electors Palatine, See Palatinate
Ei Empecinado (Juan MartinDiez), Spanish
guerrilla chief, x 211
Elena (of Montenegro), Queen of Italy,
consort of Yietor Emmanuel II, xn
414
Eleonora (of Austria), daughter of Maxi-
milian I, Queen aowagar of Portugal,
Queen of France, ir 46; marriage of, to
Francis I, 51, 59, 427 ; 73; lii 182
Magdalena, of Neuburg, Empws,
3rd wife of Emperor Leopold I, v 35
— Maria, of Austria, Queen of Poland,
consort of Miebaei Wisnlowiecki, v 41;
S50; marri^ to Charles Leopold, titular
Duke of Lorraine, 854 «.
Eifsborg, Mi of, rr 163 ; Sweden compeled
to retom, 160; deserts Sigismund, 172;
lost to Sweden, 179; in Banmh hanis^
180, 182
Elfenabben, Swedish naval base, w 571
Elgin Commission (War xa 59
t ^ I "'b* ^ -
’ '' ^ '
t . ' i ' * -’■,1 ■ "K' ^ ^ ' '’1. ' 1 *
3S2
General Index,
Kgio, Smxm Bnaoe, 8& Earl of, ¥icaroj
of In8ia, XI 752; Govemor-general of
Canada, 760 s^q., 766 sqq,; in Olnna,
812, 816 sqq.
Victor Alexander Brace, Otk Earl
of. Viceroy of Indi% xn 484 sqq.
Coimtess of, xi 767
El Goieali, railway to, xn 129
BMaesea, Fan! (Fovel Helgesen), Banisli
reformer and scholar, ii 606, 609, 613
EHas, Ney, explorer, xn 798 sq.
Elihank plot, ti 119
Elie, Jacobites at, 99 ^
BMo» Boa Francisco Xavier, Grovernor of
Montevideo, x 285 sq,
Bliot, Edward Granville, Lord {afterwards
3rd Earl of St Germans), x 235
George (Mary Ann Gross), x 724;
XI 360
Sir John, in Parliament, iw 263;
imprisonment and relesui^ of, 265 sq.;
269; Petition of Bight and, 270; Third
Parliament and, 27S ; death of, in prison,
281; 318
John, misfiionaiy, vn 100
Bliott, George Angustns. See Heathfield,
Iiord
Elizabeth (of Bavaria), Empress of Austria,
consort of Francis Joseph, xi 374; 401;
xa 175; 181; Andrissy and, 190
Queen of England, n 93, 441,
520, 524 sq., 529 sq.; (as Princess) at
Hampton Court, 535 ; proposed marriage
of, to Archduke Ferdinand, 537 ; accused
of plotting, 544; accession and title of,
559 sq.; Paul IV and, 564; 565 sq.;
church settlement and first years, 568-98;
and French Beligious Wars, VoL m,
Chap. I pmsim ; negotiations for a French
marriage, ih»; relations of, with Henry IV,
666, 670 sqq.; with Netherlands, 184,
Chaps, vn and xix passim; with the
German Princes, 710-'! ; with Mary,
Queen of Scots, and Scotland, Chap, vin;
, witet her disaffected Catholic subjects,
ih*; with Spain, Chaps, ix, xv and xvi
passim; last ^ears of, Chap, x; age
in English Literature, Chap, xi; Inriand
under, Chap, xvm; Sixtus V*s view of,
435 ; Bodin's view of, 748 ; principles of
toteation of, 755; and Erik Jlf of
Sweden, xv 161, 163; and literature,
760 sq. ; and religious toleration, v 325,
330; Bull against, 326; vi 701
(of York), Queen of England, consort
of Edward IV, 1 464, 466, 474
— (Archduchess), daughter of Maxi-
milian n, Queen of France, consort of
Charles XX, marriage of, ni 15, 177;
and Philip II, 699
(of Bavaria), Queen of Prussia, oon-
. sort of Frederick William IV, xi 159
Queen of Bonmania {** Carmen
Syiva**), consort of Charles I, xx 646;
iM 414
Elizabeth (of Baden), Tsarina of Eussia,
consort of Alexander I, at Vienna, ix
581; X 436
Tsarina of Bussia, v 643; 547;
562 sq.; vi 143, 200; 240; 252 sq.; 291;
310 sq.; character of, 312; reign of, 313
sqq.; and Frederick the Great, 327 ; 340 ;
346; 399; and Prussia, 401; 657 sq.;
660 ; 741 sq.; Sweden and, 761; death
of, 298, 328, 661; x 426
. (of Bourbon), Queen of Spain, con-
sort of Philip IV, betrothed to Prince of
Savoy, in 689 ; marriage of, to Philip lY,
IV 625, 630
(Farnese), Queen of Spain, consort
of Philip V, the Eegency of, Vol. vi,
Chap. V passim; 25; 35; 57; 60; 65;
and Aiberoni, 125; 126; character of,
122, 134 sqq., 167; 137; and the
Italian claims, 138 sq. ; 140; and
Eipperda, 142 sq.; 144; and Prag-
matic Sanction, 202; schemes of, in
Italy, 236; and d’Argenson, 245; 249;
361 ; and Charles HI, 366 sq. ; 596 sq. ;
death of, 372
(of Valois), Queen of Spain, 3rd
consort of Philip II, n 93 sq., 566;
marriage of, m 184, 264, 478, 483 sq. ;
death of, 490
{ Stewart), Eleetress Palatine, * * Queen
of Bohemia,” iv 29; crowned at Prague,
30; 67; exile of, 70; 78; devotion of
Christian of Halberstadt to, 79; estranged
from her son, Charles Lewis, 409 ; v 639
sq. ; VI 1
Christina (of Brunswick-Woifen-
buttel). Empress, consort of Charles VI,
V 432; 744; vi 143; 147
Elizabeth-Philippine-Marie-Helene, Prin-
cess (Madame Elizabeth, sister of Louis
XVI), executed, vin 357; burial of, at
St Denis, ix 672
Elizabeth (of Gorlitz)* See Luxemburg
EUandonan, Jacobites at, vi 105
Ellenborough, Edward Law, 1st Baron,
Itotd Chief Justice, included in Cabinet,
IX 685; and criminal law, 692; x 579
Edward Law, Ist Earl of, xi 10;
President of the Board of Control, 328;
and annexation of Oudh, 329 sq. ;
Governor-general of India, 730, 734 sqq. ;
recall of, 738
Ellerker, Sir Baiph, the Pilgrimage of Grace
and, II 446
Ellesmere land, exploration of, xh 815
Sir Thomas Egerton, Ist Lord,
afterwards Viscount BracMey, Lord
Chancellor, m. 560
EHet, Charles, American engineer, vn
499
Ellice Islands, annexation of, xn 667
Elliot, Sir Charles, Admiral, xi 806 sqq.
Sir George, Admiral, xi 808
Sir Gilbert, of Minto, vi 424 sq,;
Treasurer of the Navy, 443
Genercd Indeos.
UZ
Blliot, Sir Gilbert (son of above). Bee
Minto, Ist Earl of
■ Hugh, Britisb Minister at Oopen--
jhagen, vi 780; ym 279 sq.; and Mirabean,
■ 291 sq.
Ellis, George, and the Quarterly Meview,
687 ;■•■■■■ :
■ Sir Henry, .historian, xn 835
William, Indian official, vi 560 sq.
Ellsworth, Ephraim Elmer, assassinated
(1861), yii 464
Oliver, American statesman, at Con-
stitutional Convention (1787), vii 246,
251, 259 sqq., 279, 288, 294, 298
Ellwangen, Yicar-general appointed at, by
King Frederick I of Wurtemberg, ix 202
Eimina, conquered by the Butch, iv 751,
'759. ■■ . ,
Ei Obeid, explorers at, xn 806, 811
Elphinston, John, Eussian rear-admiral,
VI 355; 673
Elphinstone, George Keith. See Keith,
Viscount
Mountstuart, mission of, to Afghani-
stan, IX 732; Governor of Bombay, xi
725; 731
William George Keith, Major-gene-
ral, at Kabul, xi 733; 735
Elsass, the “New League*’ of towns of,
against Charles the Bold, i 295, 307;
the south of, acquired by Charles the
Bold, 390; Austria secures footing in,
HI 709 ; French wars in, 712 ; troops
in (1610), 731-2; rv 142; French acqui-
sition of, 148 sq.; 246; France and,
247 sq. ; 251; 368; iandgravate of,
assured to Bernard of Saxe-Weimar,
369 sq. ; 376; 379; Erlach Governor in
Upper, 382 ; French troops in, 390 ; 392 ;
settlement of, in Peace of Westphalia,
405 sqq., 407, 416; 602; claims of
Spanish Habsburgs upon, 603; Harcourt
Governor of, 618; and Treaty of the
Pyrenees, 6^; taken by French, v 44;
47 sq. ; Louis XIV and, 165, 338;
413; 416; 420; 423; 425; French troops
in, 431; Peace of Eyswyk and, 453;
VI 123; 141; Austria and, 238 sqq.;
623; Prussians occupy (1793), vin 352,
426; and French Bevoiution, 398 sq. ;
Custine in, 423 ; ix 57 ; Jews of, 204
sq.; proposed cession of, to Germany,
590, 653, 664; the cotton industry in, x
753; 758; xi49; 219; workmen in, 301;
498; French army in, 581 sq,; the war
in, 583 sqq,; ceded by France, 612, xii
91, 96, 136 sqq.; 145; 147; 166
Elsfletb, Duke of Brunswick-Oels embarks
at, IX 357
Elsinore, Gambler appears off (1807), ix
236; British expedition at, 295
Elsintz, General, ix 58; 61-2
Elstowe, Henry, Warden of the Grey Friars,
n 4^
El Teb, battle of, xn 441
Ellen, : claimed by Mural, tx 272
El Trab,: French explorer in, xii 808
Eltz, J.akob von, Archbishop of Trier. See
■ Trier '
Elvas, Haro defeated at, .r? 661 ; garrisoned x
by Junot, ix 440
Ely O’Garroll, plantation of, iv 513
Eiz, Wallenstein’s Chancellor, imprison-
ment of, IV 242 ■
Ei Eanjdn, Convention of, xn 264
Emancipation {see also Slavery and the
Slave-trade), for the Jews, and the French
. Bevoiution, vm 790 ; of serfs, in Eussia,
and the first edition of the Nakdt, n
689, XI 614 sqq.; xn 294; 300 sq.; of
slaves of. French possessions, and the
French Bevoiution, vm 790; of women,
and the French Bevoiution, 790; of
women in general, movement for, in the
19th and 20th centuries, xn 762 sg.
Bmbabeh, entrenchments at, captured
(1798), vm 602; flotilla at, burned, 603
Emden, synod at (1571), m 705
Emeric-Bavid, Toussaint-Bernard, ix 133 ^
Emerson, Balph VTaldo, vii 739 sq.
Emery, Jacques-Andr4, member of the
French Ecclesiastical Commission (1809),
IX 196; 198
Michel, Sienr de. See Particelli
imigres^ French, first flight of (1789),
vm 165, the second, 185; measures of
the Legislative Assembly against (1791),
218 sqq. ; sketch of the movement, 501
sqq,; Bonaparte and, ix 15; proposed
indemnification for, x 83
Emilia, The, Murat in, ix 621; revolu-
tionary movement in (1830), x 120; xi
386 sqq-
Emilio, Paolo, Veronese historian, in 63-4
Emin Pasha, xn 812
Emiy, William Monsell, Lord, xii 29
Emma, Queen of the Netherlands, consort
of William III, xn 245; 247
Emmanuel the Great (Manoel), King of
Portugal, I 31 sqq.; m 499 sq.
Infant of Portugal, vi 195
Philibert, Duke of Savoy. Bee
Savoy
Emmery, Jean-Louis-Claude, ix 161
Emmet, Bobert, and the United Irishmen,
IX 706 sq. ; x 630 sq. ; 715
Thomas Addis, and the United
Irishmen, ix 700 sq.
Emo, Angelo, Venetian admiral, vi 606
Empaytaz, evangelist, and the Tsar, x 8
Empire, the Holy Bomm
I ix Germany and the Empire, 288-
328
X Hungary and the Sclavonic King-
doms, fassim^ 329-46
xiii The Netherlands, passim, 417-62
H ii Habsbm^ and Viois (i), 36-^
iii Habsbnrg and Valois (ii), 66-103
m V The Empire under Ferdinand I
and Maximilian H, i4C>-Bl
0. M. H.
S34
General Indeoe.
SmpiTft, tld Holy Bomaa (emtd.)
m xxi The Empire under Bndolf H, 696^
735
IT i The Outbreak of the Thirty Years’
War, 1-34
iii The Protestant Collapse (1620-S0),
64-117
tI Gnstsyns Adolphus, 190-222
Txi Wallenstein and Bernard of Wei-
mar (1632-5), 223-55
xiii The later years of the Thirty
Years’ War (1635-48), 364-94
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, 395-
433
▼ xii Anstria, Poland and Turkey,
■ ' passm.f 338-71 .
XX The origins of the Kingdom of
Prussia, pasginif 616-33
xxi The Great Elector and the first
Prussian King, passim, 639-72
[For the Spanish Succession, the
War of the Spanish Succession,
the Peace of Utrecht and sup-
plementary pacifications, see
also Chaps, xiii and liv passim,
372-459]
TI xviii Joseph IX, 626-56
IX ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
{See also Austria, Germany and
the various Imperial lands, and
the Emperors]
Empson, SirBichard,Ministerof Henry VII,
I 477
Ems, Besolutions of (1786), x 145, 158;
the King of Prussia and Benedetti at,
XI 463, 578
Emser, Jerome, opponent of Luther, ii
168; translation of the Bible by, 172;
controversy of, with Ewingii, 321
Bncina, Juan del, Spanish writer, i 380
Enckenvoert, William, Cardinal, n 21
Enekbuysen, defeat of Spanish , fleet at
(1573), III 237; ahip-building at, 631;
and Act of Seclusion, v 143
Enclosure Commissions, in England, n 491
Encounter Bay, xi 792
MneycUpHxe, The French, vui 1, 5, 26, 56
Endegeest, castle of, Descartes at, it 785
Enderiin, podesth of Tirano, death of, it
49
Bndicolt, Eoger, Governoir of Massachu-
setts, Til 15 sqq., 25
Enfantin, Prosper, French politician, xi
298
Engadine, The, it 36; 89; Protestants of
the Upper, 44, 47 ; and Planta, 48; 52;
54; Archduke Leopold’s claim on the
Lower, 65; Baldiron’s seizure of the
Lower, £5,; 66; 58; 61; Austria and
religious freedom in the Lower, 63
Engel, Theodor, ^resident of Bussian
Governmcnl in wanww,' x 474
Engelbrektsson, Oiat See Trondhjem,
- Archbishop of
Engels, Friedrich, socialist, x 757 ; xii 123 ;
152; 759
Engen, engagement at (1800), ix 58
Enghien, Anne Benedicta (of Bararia),
Duchess of, v 349
Francois de Bourbon, Count of,
11 77 sq., 97
'Henri- Jules,, Due de.. See Condd,
Henri- Jules de Bourbon, Prince de
Louis, Due de. Bee Conde, Louis II
de Bourbon, Prince de
“ — Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon,
Due de, IX 30-1; murder of, 191; effect
of execution of, in Eussia, 221; 245,
321 ; execution of, defended, 761
England
I xiv The Early Tudors, 463-92
[5tfc aUo i, ii, xv, Economic
Change, especially 521 sqq.,
xvi especially 5S0-3 and xvii
passim]
II xiii Henry VIII, 416-73
xiT The Beformation under Edward
VI, 474-511
XT Philip and Mary, 512-49
xvi The Anglican Settlements and
the Scottish Beformation, 550-
98
ni viii Mary Stewart, passim, 260-93
ix The Elizabethan Naval War with
Spain, 294-327
[For Elizabeth’s relations with
the Dutch Bepublic, see 617-
23]
X The last years of Elizabeth, 328-
63
xi The Elizabethan Age of English
Literature, 364-82
xvii Britain under James I, 549-78
TV viii The Constitutional Struggle in
England (1625-40), 256-85
ix The first two years of the Long
Parliament (1640-2), 286-801
X The first Civil War (1642-7), 302-
35
xi Presbyterians and Independents
(1645-9), 336-65
xii The Westminster Assembly, 356-
63
XT The Commonwealth and the
Protectorate (1649-59), 434-58
XTi The Navy of the Commonwealth
and the First Dutch War, 459-
85
xvii and xviii passim, Scotland and
Ireland, 486-538
xix Anarchy and the Bestoration
(1659-60), 539-59
xxT The transference of Colonial
Power to the United Provinces
and England, 728-59
xxvi The Fantastic School of English
Poetry, 760-75
General Index.
835
England (eonid.)
r r The Stewart Sestoration, 02-115
fi The Literature of the English
Bestoration, including Milton,
116-36 ^
Tii The administmtion of John de
Witt and William of Orange
( 1651 - 88 ), passim, 137-67
viii The Anglo-Butch Wars (inelnd-
ing Ha?al Administration under
Charles II and James II), 168-
07
ix The policy of Charles 11 and
James II (1687-87), 198-235
X Tiie Bevointion and the Eevclu-
tion Settlement in Great
Britain [and Ireland], 236-323
xi Eeligious toleration in England,
321-37
xiii and xiv passim, The Treaties of
Partition, War of the Spanish
Succession, and Peace of
Utrecht, 372-459
XV Party government under Queen
Anne, 460-76
xxii The Colonies and India, 673-705
xxiv Latitudinarianism and Pietism,
passim, 742-63
VI i Great Britain under George I, 1-
39
(i) The Hanoverian Succession
(ii) The foreign policy of
George I (1714-21)
ii The age of Walpole and the
Pelhams, 40-89
iii Jacobitism and the Union, 90-119
vi Financial experiments and colo-
nial development, passim, 168-
90
xiii Great Britain (1756-93), 393-478
(1) William Pitt the Elder
(2) The King’s friends
(3) The years of peace, and the
rise of the younger Pitt
(1782-93)
xiv [and Ireland], 479-505
XV [and India], 506-85
xxiii English Political Philosophy in
the 17th and 18th centuries,
785-821
{See also vii, viii, xi, xxiv passim]
vn i The first century of English
colonisation (1607-1700), 1-52
ii The English colonies (1700-63),
53-69
iv The Conquest of Canada (1744-
61), 114-43
V The quarrel with Great Britain
(1761-76), 144-74
vi and vii, The Declaration and
War of Independence (1761-
83), 175-234
ix The Btru^le for commercial in-
dependence and the War of
1812 (1783-1815), 305-48
England ^ (tonid.)
mit ■ X ' The foreign policy of Pitt to the
outbreak of war with France,
276-305
'xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, passim,
306-S7
■ . xiv The General war, passim, 398-
446
"■ XV The Naval war, passim, 447-86
xix The Egyptian expedition, 594r-
619
.. XX The struggle for the Mediter-
ranean, 620-32
xxi' The Second Coalition, passim,
633-64
• XXV Europe and the French Eevolu-
tion, passim, 754-90
IX iii The pacification of Europe (1799-
'. 1802), passim,' 55-80 .'
viii The Command of the Sea (1803-
15), passm, 208-43
Ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim, 265-93
xii The war of 1809, passim, 341-60
xiii The Continental System (1809-
14), 361-89
XV The Peninsular War (1808-14),
428-82
xvii The War of Liberation (181S-4),
passim, 506-54
xix The Congress of Vienna, I (1814-
5), passim, 576-602
XX The Hundred Bays {IB15), passim,
616-45
xxi The Congress of Vienna, II (1815),
passim, 646-71
xxii Great Britain and Ireland (1792-
1815), 672-708
xxiii The British Empire (1783-1815),
709-55
X i The Congresses (1 815-22} , passim,
1-39
vi Greece and the Balkan Peninsula,
passim, 169-204
X Brazil and Portugal, passim,
310-39
xvii Mehemet Ali, passim, 545-72
xviii Great Britain (1815-32), 573-
619
xix Catholic Emancipation, 620-54
XX Great Britain and Ireland (1 832-
41), 655-84
xxi Canada, 685-95
xxii The Bevolution in English Poetry
and Fiction, 696-726
xxiii Economic change, 727-62
xxiv The British Economists, 763-84
XI 4 Great Britain and Free Trade
(1841-52), 1-21
ix ^) The Levant, passim, 275-85
xi Great Britain and the
War (1862-6), 309-24
836
General Index.
Esi^toEul {contd,)
3QC xii Great Britain, last years oif
Wbiggism, Parliamentary re-
form (1856-08), S25-46
xii! Englisliliiterature (1810-70), 347-
65
xxii BnEsia... after tbs Crimean War,
(1) and (2), pasBim^ 613-47
xxri India and Afghanistan (1815-69),
724-53
xxvii Great Britain and her Colonies
(i) The new colonial policy
(1840-70), 754-66
(ii) The federation of Canada,
766-78
(hi) The English and Dutch in
S. Africa, 778-89
(iv) The development of Austra-
lasia (1815-70), 789-801
xxviil The Far East (1815-71), passimt
802-65
XII ii Foreign relations of the United
States during the Civil War,
passim f 16-22
iii Great Britain, 23-64
xiv The Ottoman Empire and the
Balkan Peninsula, passim^
381-428
XT Egypt and the Eg 3 i)tian Sudan
(1841-1907), passim, 429-66
xvi The British Empire in India,
457-99
xvii The Far East, passim, 500-36
XX The European Colonies, passim,
602-71
xxi The Republics of Latin America,
pa&sim, 672-702.
[See also xxii pussm]
xxiii Social movements, pezssim, 730-65
England, Sir Richard, general, xi 734 sq.
Enke, Wilbelmina, mistress of Frederick
William II, VI 725
Ennis, Parnell at, xn 78
Enniscorthy, Parnell at, xn 77
BnnisMHen, Tyrone joins Bagenel at, m
604; taken by Maguire, 605; revolt at
(1688), V 307, 308 sq., 311 sq.
Enns, occupation of the line of the, by
Moreau, ix 68
Enomoto, Japanese admiral, xi 860
*^JEnragis,^* French faction, vm 213, 249
Ensalah, Alexander Laing at, xn 808
Enschede, siege of (1597), in 629
Ensenada, Eeno Somodevilia, Marquis of,
Spanish statesman, vi 159 ; 166 ; 361 sqq. ;
Charles 111 and, 367; 382
cordiaie, between France and
England, after Revolution of 1830, x 29
sqq.; of recent years, xn 55, 98 sq,, 172
Entragnes, Catherine Henriette de Balzac
de, in 678-9; Marquise de Yemeuil,
680-1; 692
Entre Minho e Douro, provm<» of, ix 302
Enzheim, victory of Turenne at (1674),
T 44
Enzinas, Francisco de (Dryander), n 350,
401-3; translates New Testament into
Spanish, 402
Jaime de (Dryander), Spanish
Lutheran, ii 350, 387, 402 sq,
Eoban of Hesse (Helius Eobanus Hessus)
(Koch?), German scholar, n 111
Bon, Chevalier de, French spy, vi 428
Eotvos, Joseph, Baron, Hungarian politi-
cian, XI 172 ; 177 ; 181 ; 400 ; the writings
of, 426 sq. ; Minister of Education, zii
189 sq.; death of, 190
Eperies, submits to Austria, v 366; 367;
, taken by the Russians, xi 210
f pernay, Biron killed at, in 52
pernon, Bernard de Nogaret de La Yalette,
Duke of, Parlement of Bordeaux and, iv
611; 614; in Burgundy, 618
Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Yalette,
Duke of, ni 36 sqq., 661-3, 668 sqq., 690;
and Mary de’ Medici, iv 125 sq. ; 127
Ephimieff, Savva, Russian anti-Polish
leader, v 502
Epirus, Greek invasion of, xi 640 ; and the
Greek frontier, xn 37, 403 ; Turkey and,
381 ; insurrection in, 391 ; 392 ; 398 ; the
war in, 421 sq. ; 428
Episcopius, Simon, in 653; v 744
Epistolae Glaromm (or illustrium) Virormn,
(1514), n 696
Ohscurorum Vironm, of Crotus
Bubeanus, n 32, 696 sq.
Epworth, Wesley at, vi 86
Brasmistas, party of, in Spain, n 401; in
Portugal, 412
Erasmus, Bishop of Strassburg, See
Strassburg
Desiderius (Gerrit Gerritszoon), at
Deventer, i 435, 437 ; 460 ; the Reforma-
tion and, 460-2, 645, 563; the Renais-
sance and, 569-71, 576, 579; studies
Greek, 580 sq. ; and the Fathers, 606-8;
edition of Josephus by, 613, 615; in
England, 491, 680, 625, 637, 642 sq. ;
682; Greek Testament of, 603, 645; in
Rome, 564; Julius Exclusm and, n 9;
10, 24, 32, 152, 162, 167 sq.; Praise of
Folly, 280; 807 sqq.; Zwingli and, 314,
316; share of, in Reformation, 342;
residence and death at Basel, 355,
414; influence of, in Spain, 400 sq. ;
Armotationes, 694 ; Novum Instrumentum,
697 ; letters, critical work, and religious
attitude of, 697-700
Erasso, Francisco de, Lord of Mohernando,
Secretary to Philip II, in 196
Erastianism, and its Anglican interest, ii
595 sq. ; in 16th century political thought,
in 742 sqq., 757
Erastus, Thomas of Bale (Lieber), ii 195,
595 1 ^. ; m 154, 743, 757
Erddlyi, John, Hungarian writer, xi 427
Erdmannsdorfler, Bernhard, German his-
torian, xn 829
Erebus, Mount, discovered, xii 815
General Index.
ssr
Eregli, Prince Mustafa ranrdered at, m 121
Eretrea. See Erjtlirea
Erfurt, Luther at Eniversity of, ii 110
humanists of, 111; meeting of
ambassadors ' of Protestant Princes at
(1569), III 170;^ Aldringer ' at, ' :iv 205;
alliance between Gustavos Adolphus
■ and the Weimar Dukes at, 207; Ban4r
at, 385; suferiags of, during the War,
420; Prussian troops at. vi 265; 268 sq,;
bishopric of, 704; Prussian acquisitions
in, rs 78; Prussian capitulation at (1806),
277; Congress of (Oct. 1808), 137, 294,
310, 317-9, 321, 325, 335, 341, 343, 370,
388, 442 ; district of, 408 ; French troops
at, 515; Hapoleon at (1813), 517; Parlia-
ment, XI 222 sq., 2*28
Erichsen, Mylius, in Greenland, xii 815
Ericsson, John, designer of the Mmitor^
vn 550
Erie, Canal, vii 360, 691, 694
Lake, French claim on, vn 119;
operations round, in the war of 1812,
337 sq., 340
Erigena, John Scotus, i 535
Erik vn, King of Denmark, Horway and
Sweden (Erik XIII), n 600
XIV (Vasa), King of Sweden, n 627,
629; policy of, iv 158 sq.; character and
reign of, 161 sqq. ; coinage under, 166;
policy of, in Livonia, 590
Eriksson, Gustaf. See Gustavus Vasa,
King of Sweden
Erikszen, Barent, navigator, m 632-3
Eriska, Prince Charles lauds at, vi 112
Erivan, province of, ceded to Kussia (1828),
X 444, XI 274
Erizzo, Sebastiano, of Venice (Ericius),
ni 468
Erlach, Hans Ludwig von, Swiss general,
Bernard of Saxe- Weimar and, iv 374 sqq. ;
Governor of Breisach, 379; commands
Bernardines, 381 ; 382 ; 392 ; at Lens, 599
Erlangen, students of, x 370; Burschen-
schaft at, 375
Erlau, siege of, by Turks, m 123; cap-
tured by Austrians (1637), v 367
Erie, Thomas, English general, v 421
Erlon, Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte de,
Marshal of France, vin 504 sq. ; in the
Peninsula, ix 456; plot of, 572; and the
Belgian campaign, 625; at Ligny, 628;
at Waterloo, 633 sqq.; x 503
Ermak Timotheevich, rebel Cossack, xn
794
Enaeland. See Warmia
— — (Warmia), Bishop of. See Hosius
Emeley, Sir Michael, transports Irish
troops to England, iv 527
Ernest, Archduke of Austria, son of Maxi-^
milian n, candidate for crown of Poland,
m 86' sq., 92 sq., 170; and the Nether-
lands, 519, 627; Governor of Upper and
Lower Austria (1576), 698, 701; ad-
ministration of Btyria by, 702
B'riaest,' Augustus, King of Hanover (Duke
' of ■ Cumberland),^ and Orange Lodges,
x,671sq,; accession of, 674; 681; abso-
lutist action by, 379 sq.; xj 60; 148;
168; and Frankfort Assembly, 200;
; secedes from German Union, 222
Casimir. See Nassau-Dietz
Ernoul,' Edmond, French politician, in
108
Ernroth,. General, in Bulgaria, xn 405
Errazuriz, Fed., President of Chile, xn 679
Errestfer,' battle of (1702), v 690
Errlngton, Sir George, xn 41
Errol,- Francis Hay, 9th Earl of, m 551
Erskine, David, British Minister to the
United States, vii 331 sq.
— — Ebenezer, Scottish seceder, vi 108
Henry, Scottish advocate, viii 770
-- — - John Erskine, 6th Baron, and Earl
of Mar, defends Edinburgh, n *575, 577
— — Thomas, Baron- Erskine, vm 760
sqq. ; Lord Chancellor, and the Libel
: Bill, IX 672 ; retirement of, 676
— — William, historian, vi 507
of Dun, WL 263
Erving,- George, United States Minister,
X 21-3
Erythrea (Eretrea), Italian colony, xn 219;
241; 664
Erzerum, taken by Persians from Turks,
ni 121 ; war stores at, v 645 ; Treaty of,
XI 276; xn 392; Morier at, 800
Erzgebirge, mines of the, Y 738
Esbjerg, port of, xn 291
Escale, French commander at Acre, vni
612
Eschass^rianx, Baron Joseph, member of
the Comiti de Balut Fublic^ vni 375
Esoher, Alfred, and the St Gothard tunnel,
XI 260
von der Linth, Arnold, geologist,
IX 426; XI 260
Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio, Jesuit, v 81
Escobedo, Juan de, in 497-9, 514; murder
of (1578), 500, 515
Escoiquiz, Juan, Spanish statesman, tried
and acquitted, ix 429 ; x 208 ; 211
Escosura, Patricio de la, Spanish Minister
of the Interior, xi 562
Escurial, Treaty of the (1733), vi 63, 152 ;
of 1790, vin 189
Esher, Beginald Balioi Brett, 2iid Viscount,
xn 59
Eslava, Viceroy of Cartagena, vi 165
Esnambno, Pierre Vandroaque Die! de,
colonial settler, vn 74
Espana, Spanish American rebel, x 276
Espanola, colonised by Spain, i 40 ,
Espartero, Baldomero, Spanish general and
statesman, x 235 ; 2S8 ; ministry of,
239 sqq. ; and the Queen Begent, 241 ;
retires to England, 242; xi 83; '550;,
553; returns to office (1854), 560 eq.;
, 3»igns, 562 ' ^
Espen, Eeger Bernard van, x^l57
S38
Gmwral Indess.
Bspes, Don Gaersu de, m 280 sq.
Espinosa, Victor defeats Blake at (1808),
IX 443
Diego de, Cardinal, Bishop of Sx-
gnenza, in 490
Espoz y Mina, Erancisco Xavier, Spanish
eommander, x 210; 227 sq.; 231 sq.
EBpr4m4nil, J.4.-Diivai de, french politi-
man, yhi 110, 159, 172
Esprit des Lou^ Le, rv 790
Espronceda, Jose de, x 241
Esquivel, Juan de, Jamaica colonised by,
I 41
Essai pour le$ Coniques (by Pascal), iv 794
Ess§, de. See Montalembert
Essek, Solyman 11 at, m 107 ; Turks at,
V 359, 363 ; taken by the Austrians (1687),
367; 369
Essen, claimed by Murat, ix 272
Essequibo, Dutch colony of, iv 709 ; English
reduction of (1796), ix 760, 755 ; ceded to
Great Britain, x 520, xi 667
— river, the Dutch on, vi 186; the
Venezuelan dispute and, xn 687
EsseXf The, and “ broken voyages,’* vn 327
Essex, Lord. Bee Northampton, Sir W iilxam
Parr, Marquis of
Arthur Capel, 1st Earl of {6th or,),
V 222 ; 224 ; 229 sq. ; Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, 305
Prances, Countess of. See Somerset
Bobert Devereux, 2nd Earl of, m 50,
325 sq., 333 sq., 376; English troops sent
to besiege Eouen under, 512, 516, 521,
523, 673 ; in Ireland (1599), 607-8
Bobert Devereux, 3rd Earl of, iv 290;
commands Parliamentary forces, 301 sq.;
304 sqq.; occupies Worcester, 307; at
Tornham Green, 308; 311 sq.; 313 sq.;
at Newbury, 315 ; Oxford Parliament and,
319; 320; in Cornwall, 323; 324 sq.; de-
prived of command, 326 ; 328
Waiter Devereux, 1st Earl of (6th
601
^ Thomas Cromwell, Earl ot Bee
Cromwell
Essling, exploits of Preneh infantry at, ix
345 ; Napoleon at, 350 ; Austrians fail to
take, 351 ; taken by the French (May 22,
1809), ik
Prince of. Bee Maas4na
Bftaiiig, Charies-Hector Thdodat, Comte
de, French admiral, vi 351; 461 sq.; vn
218 sq.
Bslatdsf General, of France. See States
General
Este, family of, in Ferrara, i 260 sq,
— Bkjuse of, tx 603
— Bee dim Pmrara and Modena, Dukes
of
- — - Cesar de* loses Fermra, in 397
Charles Philibert, Marquis of (S.
Martino), grandee of Spam, ni 420
Folco de, heir of Mzo of Ferrara,
1261 -
Este, Francesco de, claims to Ferrara of,
I 261
Fresco de, son of Azzo of Ferrara,
I 261
Ippolito de (sou of Hercules I), Arch-
bishop of Gran, i G5S
Ippolito de, Cardinal of Ferrara (son
of Alfonso I), II 85, 88; at Colloquy of
Poissy, 302 sq,, 584 ; in 462
Isabella de (daughter of Hercules I),
Marchioness of Mantua, m 458
Lionelio de, i 558
Cardinal Ludovico de (son of Her-
cules II), in 431; 435; 451; and Tasso,
472
Esterhazy, Count Maurice, Austrian states-
man, XII 181
Count Paul, Prince of Galantha,
Palatine of Hungary, v 357
of Galantha, Prince Paul Anton, x
25; XI 172; 180
Prince Nicholas, Austrian ambas-
sador at St Petersburg, vi 253; 322;
325; 327
Major Count W’alzin, xn 120
Esthonia, Eussia and, n 144 ; and Sweden,
IV 162, 171, 173 ; ceded to Poland, 174 ;
Swedish power restored in, 176; Peace
of Stolbova and, 181 ; the Poles and,
189 ; V 614; ceded to Eussia, 615 ; Eussia
and, VI 206 ; 317 ; serfdom abolished in
(1816), X 427; Bussian administration
of, xn 335
Estienne, Henri, printer, i 576, 604, 613;
n 718 ; m 67
Bobert, printer, i 576, 615 ; n 718 ;
m 57
Estourmel, de, surrenders frontier towns of
Picardy, m 662
Estouteville, Cardinal Guillaume de, i 388
Estrades, Comte Godefroi de, and Mazarin,
IV 727 ; French ambassador at the Hague,
v 106 sq.; 149 ; 152
Estrdes, Gabrielle de, ni 418, 675, 678,
692
Jean de, Vice-admiral, Marshal of
France, v 165 ; 194 sqq. ; 688
Louis-Gharles-C4sar, Duo de, Mar-
shal of France, vr 257; 339; 405; 426
Estremadura, the Allies in (1705), v 416, 426;
Spanish battalions in, ix 435 ; Victor
evacuates (1809), 451 ; Soult enters, 462 ;
destroys Spanish army of, ik ; Beresford
marches into, 466 ; Wellington in (1811),
467 sq. ; Wellington marches on (1812),
471 ; freed from the French, 475 ; Carlist
forces in, xii 260
Estrup, Jakob, Danish statesman, xn 293
Eiampes, Turenne*s victory at (1652), iv
616; German force at, xi 602
Anne de Ksseieu, Duchess of, u
,97sq.
Staples, Treaty of (1492), i 111, 467 sq.;
harbour of refuge at, ix 212; French
ships at, 214, 215 . , . ^ , '
‘ ‘ 1 j ‘ •.s's' f-' „ i, , t > 1 I ' 1,
General Index.
« Eternal Edict (Dutcli), o! 1067, t162;
questionable' Talue of, 155sq,j set aside,
157
Etherege, Sir George, dramatist, t 129 sq,
Etienne, Cbarles-Gailiaume, x 91 ; editor
, of tbe Comtitutionml, 493
Etiolles, Lenormant de, vi 3S0 .
Efcropol, monastery of, xii 408
Etruria, kingdom of, ix 69 ; absorbed in
the French Empire, 316 j Berlin Decree
communicated to, 365; annexed by Napo-
leon, 368 ; 396 sqq.; o&red by Napoleon
to Ferdinand, 432
King of. See Parma, Louis, Duke
of
Queen of. See Parma, Marie Louise,
Infanta, Duchess of
Ettenheim, Johann von Werth’s defeat at,
IV 374; Dug d’Enghien at, ix 30
Eu, Queen Victoria at, xi 33, 37, 553
Gaston, Comte de, xii 675
Isabel, Comtesse de, xii 675
Euboea, island of, and the Powers (1829),
X 202
Eucharist, doctrine of the, discussed by
Luther and Zwingli, n 209; at Col-
loquy of Batisbon, 645; at Council of
Trent, 671, 677 sqq. ; decree concerning
(issued by Diet of Speier), 330; ZwinglPs
writings on, 332 sq.
Euclid, V 707
Eudes de Mezerai, Jean, Abb4, v 79
Eudists, French order of the, v 79
Eudoxia, Tsaritsa, v 520; becomes ** Sister
Elena,’’ 525; 537; trial of, 540; 553
Eugene, Beauharnais, Prince. See Beau-
hamais
Eugene Franqois, Prince of Savoy-Carig-
nan, v 61 ; 340 sq. ; 348 ; joins Imperial
army, 360; 366; at Zenta, 370; 401;
in Italy, 402 sqq., 405, 407; 408; joins
Marlborough, 409; at Blenheim, 410 sq. ;
in Italy (1705-6), 414 sqq.; at Vienna,
414; invades Provence, 418 sq.; attacks
Toulon, 419; 420; at Oudenarde, 421;
423 sq. ; at Malplaquet, 425 sq.; 429;
431 ; mission of, to London, 432 sq., 439 ;
success of Villars against, 433 sq. ; on
the Bhine, 434 sq., 451; and Peace of
Eastatt, 435, 452; 436; 450; 458; and
Polish throne, 596; vi 14; 29 sq.; 91;
and Bipperdi, 139 sqq. ; 145 ; 198 ; 203 ;
206; 267; xii 400
Eugenie, Empress of the French, xi 293;
307 ; 384; 468; 474; supports the
Government, 490 ; 495; acts as Begent,
496; and the peace negotiations, 498;
and the Franco-German War, 583, 595 ;
Sight of, to England, 600; xn 433
Eugenius IV, Pope (Gabriele Condolmiero),
1 237, 385 sq., 552, 646. 658; m 738
Eulenburg, Count, mission of, to Japan,
XI 841; 844
Euler, Leonhard, |hysicist, xi 260
Bupatoria, Bui^siaa capture of, yx 673
Eupen, Pierre Jean Simon van, Belgian
leader, viii 329, 335
•Euphrates river, mail-route to India by,
: x558; Ottoman army crosses (1839), 561
EuphueSf Lyly’s, in 370
Europe in general
I XV Economic Change, 493-531
xvi The Classical JEienaissance,
532-84 ^
xvii The Christian Eenaissance,
585-619
■; xviii Catholic Europe, 620-52
xix The Eve of the Eeformation,
653-92
n xix European thought in the age
of the Eeformation, 690-
718
m xxii Political thought in the 16th
century, 736-69
IV ' xxvii Descartes and Cartesiankm,
776-99.', ' •
y ■ zxiii European science in the ■ 17th ■
• ,, ■■ and earlier years of the 18th"
■■ centuries, ,706-41: ■
■ '..xxiv ■ Latitudinarianism and Pietism,,"
742-63
VI xxiv The Eomantio movement in
European Literature, 822-
37
vm xi The European Powers and
the Eastern Question, S06-
37
XXV Europe and the French Bevo-
lution, 754-90
xx Hi The pacification of Europe
(1799-1802), 55-80
xix The Congress of Vienna, I
(1814-5), 576-615
xxi The Congress of Vienna, H
(1815), 646-71
X i The Congresses (1815-22), 1-
39
xn i Modem Europe, 1-15
XX European colonies, 602-71
xxii The modern law of nations
and tbe prevention of war,
703-29
■ ■ xxiii Social movements, 730-65
xxiv The scientific age, 766-91
XXV Modern explorations, 792-815
xxvi The growth of historical
science, 816-50
Eustatia, in possession of the Dutch, v 687
Eustis, George, secretary to Confederate
States Envoy, xn IS
Butaw Springs, battle of (1781), vii 230
Buxine. Bee Black Sea.
Evald, Johannes, Danish poet, xi 697
Evangelicsal Brotherhood, foundation of,
u 180. 183
<< Evangelical Catholics,” German sect
V 743 "
Evans, Arthur, discoveries of, at dnowus-,
XH 846
' Sir George de Lacy, general, 'x 237
S40
General Index.
Bfa»s, Aastmlian explorer, xi 790 sq.
E^dokimoff, Hiclioks, Bassian general, xi
0S3
E'fe Bemaillot, AEtoine-Fran<joifi, ix 137
Evelyn, John, v 124; and Boyal Society,
740; VI 799
'M^brnmn^ Le, Erenoh newspaper, xi 127
Evening Poit, Thet vi 441
Everard, Sir John, Irish Catholic leader,
If 315 sg.
Everett, Edward, American statesman, VH
391, 491, 744
Evers, Sir Ealph, invades Scotland, n 460
Evertsen, Comelis, Butch vice-admiral, v
183; death of, 186
Cornelis (the younger), Dutch naval
officer, reconquers Hew Hetherland, v
161
Everg Man in Ms Rumour^ Ben Jonson’s,
' 'HI 380
Evil May Bay (April 30, 1517), riot in
London, i 488
Evora, Spanish defeat at (June, 1663), iv
661, V 34
Evora- Monte, Bom Miguel at, x 336
EvreimoS, Bussian geodesist, v 535
Evreux, Charles-Louis Salmon du Chat41ier,
Bishop of, X 85
Ewald, Georg Heinrich August, x 379;
RisUiry of Israeli xii 846
Ewell, Eichard Stoddard, Confederate
general, vn 540
Examiner i The Whig, v 469; The Tory,
started by St John, ih.; under Leigh
Hunt, XI 362
Excelmans, Eemy-Joseph-Isidore, Comte,
Marshal of France, aidair of, ix 571;
negligence of, 630
Excise Scheme, Walpole’s, vi 47 sq.
Exclusion Bill, introduced May, 1679,
T 224; later history of, 226 sqq*
Excommunication, Bull of, issued against
Henry VIII, n 67, 440, 449; against
Martin Luther, 138 sq.; against Eiiza-
' Ibih, in 349
Exeeutionsordnimg (1555), m 144, 171
Exeter, capitulates to Pariiamentanans, iv
335; the Prince of Orange at, v 246
Henry Courtenay, Marquis of, arrested
and executed, ir 449 ; 523
Bxilles, heretics in, m 404; surrender of
(1593), 417; vi 159; battle of, 246, 362
Bxmouth, Sir Edward Pellew, Ist Viscount,
Admiral, vni 454; blockades Brest, 473;
and mutiny, 631
Exploration, see VoL i, Chap, i, The Age of
Discovery, 7-36; Chap, n, The Hew
World, 37-66; late modern, see Vol. xn.
Chap. XXV, 792-815
Exposcit pastoralis ojficii, the Bull (1560),
n 655
Extreme Unction, Sacrament of, dkcussed
at Council of Trmit, n 672
Eyck, Hubert and John van, i 433
Eggumots, of Geneva, n 362
Eylau, battle of (1807), xx 195, 286, 287,
290; Schamhorst at, 332
Eylert, B. F., Prussian bishop, x 382
Eynard, John Gabriel, and Greek inde-
pendence, XI 239
Eyre, Edward John, Australian explorer,
XI 795; Governor of Jamaica, xn 653
Fabbri, Count Edoardo, papal Minister,
XI 89' ■
Faber, Johann, the Tractatiis de Maine
Ecelesie planctu, i 676 ; opponent of
Luther, n 168, 212, 233; Vicar-general
of Constance, 316 ; and Zurich Disputa-
tion, 317; at Conference of Eatisbon
(1526), 326
Stapulensis. See Lef^vre d’Etaples
Fabre, Auguste, editor of the Tribune, x
485
Vietorin, editor of the Tribune, x 485
d’l&glantine, P.-F.-Nazaire, French
politician, vin 234, 247, 361, 363
Fabrice, Friedrich Ernst von, vi 20; mission
of, to Sweden, 28, 34
Johann Ludwig von, Hanoverian
councillor, vi 20
Weipart Ludwig von, Hanoverian
judge and councillor, vi 20 ; 28
Fabricius, John Albert, the Codex Ap 0 ‘
cryphus, i 614
secretary of the Bohemian regents,
I? 20
ah Aquapendente, Hieronymus, ana-
tomist, V 724 ; 726 ; 728 ; 737
Fabro, Antonio (of Amiterno), n 17
Fabvier, Baron Charles-Hicoias, French
general, joins the Greek insurgents, x
182
Factory Acts, the first English, of 1802, ix
691 sq., X 659 sq.; origins of, xii 746;
movement spreads to Continent, 747;
in Hew Zealand (1894), 629 ; in Victoria
(1896), 630
Faldinger, Stephen, Austrian peasant leader,
IV 76
Faenza, surrenders to Cesare Borgia (1600),
I 238; seized by Venetians (1503), 244;
Sanfedists and Carbonari in, x 152
Faerie Queene, Spenser’s, m 373
Fagan, agent of Fouch4, ix 140; 371
Fagei, Caspar, Pensionary of Holland, v
156 ; elected Grand Pensionary, 159 ; 164 ;
239; 245
Hendrik, Butch Minister in London,
x520
Fagg, Sir John, M.P. for Steyning, v 217
Fagius, Paul, n 265 ; Protestant refugee in
England, 477
Faidherbe, Louis-L4on-C4sar, French gene-
ral, XI 607 sq.; 610; Governor of Senegal,
XII 129
Failly, Pierre - Louis - Charles - Aehille de,
^ench general, xi 485; at Borne, 543;
in the Franco-German War, 583 sqa.,
596 sf. - :
General Index.
34:1
..Faipoiilt .See Faypouli;
Fair Oaks, Federal repulse at (1862), vn
476 oj.
Fairfax, Ferdinando, 2Bd BaroE Fairfax of
Cameron, Parliamentary commander in
Yorkshire, r? 308, 313; at Winceby, 315;
. at Marston Moor, 322
Sir Thomas, 3rd Baron Fairfax of
Cameron, recaptures Leeds, i? 308 ;
storms Wakefield, 313 ; in Cheshire,
321; at Marsfcon Moor, 322; Com-
mander- in-chief of Parliamentary forces,
326; and New Model army, 329; at
Kasehy, 330 ; in the west, 331 ; takes
Sherborne Castle, 332; takes Tiverton
Castle, 333 sq. ; surrender of Eaglan
Castle to, 335; 339; 341 sq.; Eoyalist
risings and, 348 sq.; at Colchester, 351;
at St Albans, 353; and Pride’s Purge,
354 ; trial of Charles I and, 355 ; takes
no part in the new government, 437;
army and, 446 ; at Nantwich, 527 ; occu-
pies York, 518
Fairman, Colonel, and Orange Lodges, x
671 sq.
Fajardo, Admiral, at Tunis, in 541
Faku, Pondo chief, xi 783
Falari, Duchess of, vi 131
Faleonnet, Ambroise, and favours to
imigrSs, ix 570
Falk, Adalbert, Prussian Kultusminister,
xn 148
Bengt, beheaded, iv 174
Falkenberg, Dietrich von, commander of
Swedish troops in MecMenburg, iv 196 ;
at Magdeburg, 201 sqq.
Falkenstein, Johann Paul von, Saxon
statesman, xi 149
Yogel von, Prussian general, xi 452 ;
455
Falkirk, march of Scotch army from, iv
436 ; VI 112 ; Jacobite victory at, 115
Falkland, Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount, sup-
ports Laud, IV 280; Boot-and-Branch
petition and, 292; “ Eernonstrance ” and,
296; and Puritanism, 306; Charles I
and, 309 ; death of, at Newbury, 315,
318; Irish policy of, 516 sq.; v 745 sq.;
753
Lucius Bentinck, 10th Viscount,
Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, xi
759
Isles, VI 373; claimed by Spain, 437 ;
443
Faikbping, battle of, u 600
Falli^res, Armand, President of the French
liepublic, xn 113
Falloppio, Gabriele, anatomist, n 386, 305 ;
v724
Falloux, Frddbrie-AJfred-Pierre, Vicomte de,
XI 114; French Minister of Education,
118; 119; education scheme of, 120, 126;
130; 'and Pius IX, 121; 123; 128; and
the opposition to Napoleon III, 469 ; xii
@2;' 114
■ Falmouth (CornwaU), Spanish vessels at,
m 493 ; the third Armada sails for, 529
(Maine), destroyed (1776), vii 169
Faludi, Francis, Hungarian writer, xi 421;
^ 431 .
Famagosta, siege of, in 134 ; attacked by a
Tuscan squadron, 399
Family Compact, The (1551), in 166 : the
First so-called, namely, the Treaty of
the Bscurial of 1733, vi 63 sqq., 152 sq.;
the Second, namely, of Fontainebleau,
of 1743, 159 sq.; of 1761, 344 sqq.; 368;
of 1765, vm 189, 290 sq.
of Love, m 755. ^
Fanning, Edmund, Secretary of N. Carolina,
vn 145 ■
Fannio or Fannino, Italian martyr, ir 387
Fanshawe, Sir Eichard, and Portugal, v
105; in Spain, 109
Fantastic Poets, see Vol. iv, Chap, xxvi
Fanti, Manfredo, Italian general, xi 389
Far East, The (1815-71), ■ Me Vol. ' xi,
■ - Chap, xxviii; VoL xii, Chaps, xvii, xviix
and XIX. See also China, Japan, EaBtern
Question, etc.
Faraday, Michael, and social conditions,
xn 730; 766; 786 sqq.
Fardella, Michel Angelo, Cartesian philo-
sophy and, IV 791
Farel, Guillaume, preacher of Meaux, n
282 sq., 291 sq., 356; and Calvin, in
Geneva, 358, 362 sq., 368, 375
Fargues, Henri, French politician, vm 677,
682, 684
Farindli (Carlo Broschi), Neapolitan singer,
VI 167; 362; 364; 367
Farini, Luigi Carlo, Minister under Pius IX,
X 157 ; XI 65 ; Minister of Education, 369 ;
371 ; 386 ; and the Comortmia Ministry,
535 ; 536 ; Mistory of the Papal Statm,
XII 842
Farmer, Anthony, and Magdalen College,
V 238
Famese, Alessandro, Cardinal See Paul in,
. Pope ■ . '
Alessandro (grandson of Paul III),
Cardinal of Sant’ Angelo, Archbishop of
Avignon, etc., Papal legate, ii 255, 662 ;
in 450
— — Orazlo, grandson of Paul HI, n
82 sqq.; 260
See Parma, Dukes of
Faro, Bishop’s library at, in 326 ; occupied
by PalmeHa, x 333
Faroe Islands, Norway and, xi 683
Farquhar, George, dramatist, v 128; 181
Farragut, David Glasgow, American ad-
miral, vn 408; att^ks Vicksburg, 490
sq,; attacks Port Hudson, 503, 506 ; gains
the battle of Mobile Bay, 522, 554 sqq. ;
at New Orleans, 652 sq., 569
Farrukhibid, General Lake’s victory at
(1804), IX 728
FMhoda (Kodok), French expedition a|,
m 133, 448, 662, 813 ; 454
342
General Index.
Fasting, Clans, Horwegian writer, xr 700
Fatek Khan, Barabzai Minister, xi 731
Fatehgarh, rebels defeated at, xi 748
Fafeebpnr-Sikri, Sindhia’s victory at (1788),
1x719
Fanche-Borel, Swiss political agent, vm 511
Faucher, In§on, French Minister of
terior, xi 118 sq.; 123; and campaign
against Beptiblicans, 131; 133 sq.
Fanchet, Oiande, author, m 62
Ciaude, Constitutional bishop of the
Calvados, vm 214, 255
Fancigny, participates in Swiss neutrality,
IX 660
Fanre, Franeois^F^lix, President of French
Bepublic, xii 98; 112; 121
Fanriel, Claude, ix 24; xn 829
Favera, Guarino di. See Novara, Bishop of
Faversham, James 11 at, v 248
Favier, Bishop, Boman Catholic missionary
at Peking, xn 518 ; 520
Favre, Gabriel-Olaude- Jules, French states-
man, XI 123 sq, ; and the Coup d'itat of
December, 136 ; 305 ; 307 ; in opposition,
475, 477; 485; 489; 493; 496; nego-
tiatea with Bismarck, 497, 600; 498;
signs an armistice, 499; 500; negotiates
for the capitulation of Paris, 611; 612;
XK 95; 103
Fawcett, Henry, Postmaster-General, xn 41
Faypoult de Siaisoncelle, Chevalier G.-
Oharles, Minister of Finance, vm 490;
envoy at Genoa, 587 ; at Naples, 653 sq,
Fazy, James, Genevese radical, xi 248
Febronius. See Hontheim
Fechen, Peter, n 630
Feckenhani, John de, n 486; becomes
Abbot of Westminster, 543; present at
Elizabeth’s coronation, 563, 565
Fedeii, Venetian envoy to Cosimo I, m.
389 ; 392 sq.
** Federal Pact,” The Swiss (1815), xi 237
sqq.
FedLeroMsti The^ Alexander Hamilton writes
in, vn 303
Federation, Ad of, at Delft (1576), in 243
Federigo III, King of Naples, i 116, 124,
284, 246
Ffihrbellin, Bauer at, iv 367; battle of
(1675), V 44 sq., 668; 651
Feijoo, Antonio, Bishop of Maritana,
Begent ol Brazil, x 825
Frith, Bhijnvis, Dutch writer, xi 676
Fei4rv4ry, Baron Gaza von, Austrian states-
man, xn 205 eqq.; 209
Fridkiroh, (Swiss) Diet at (1529), n 330
FeHx V (Amadeus Vin of Savoy), anti-
Fope, I 623, 688
Felixstowe, Dutch landing at, v 180
Fellenberg, PMlippe-Bmmanuei de, insti-
tnte at Hofwyl of, w 427
Fellows, Sir Charl», archaeologist, xn 846
Felton, John, murders Buckingham, iv 272
Feltre, Bernardino da, Bm Bernardino, 0t,
of Feltre ^
Feltre, Charles-M. A. de Goyon, Due de,
French general, xi 531
Marshal Clarke, Due de. See Clarke
Thomas Campeggio, Bishop of, n 665
Vittorino da. See Vittorino
Femern, naval battle off (1677), v 570
Fendali, Josias, Governor of Maryland,
vn 33
Fdnelon, Francois de Salignac de la Mothe,
Archbishop of Cambray. See Cambray
Fenestrelles, capture of (1708), v 425;
France and, vi 159
Fengbwangch’eng, xn 511; Eussian force
at, 585; 587 sq.
F^ngPai, Boxer disturbances at, xii 518
Fenianism, rise of, xi 343 sq.
Fenner, Thomas, m 304 sq., 309
Fenshui pass, Japanese troops in, xn 687
sq.
Fenton, Edward, m 300, 309
Fenwick, Sir John, execution of, v 262
John, settler on the Delaware, vn 47
Ferandina, Pedro de Toledo, Duke of
(Marquis of Francavila), in 470; 686;
Viceroy of Milan, iv 626; 631; attacks
Venice, 632 sq.
Fdraud, Jean, French deputy, assassinated,
vm 388 sq.
Fercullen, granted to O’Toole, in 583
Ferdinand I, Emperor (King of Hungary
and Bohemia), John Zapolya and, i
97; 343; n 46, 66 sq., 143; Austrian
territories made over to (1521), 149 sq.;
157; 169 sqq.; Peasants’ Bising and,
178, 182, 190, 197; elected King of
Bohemia and Hungary, 61, 198 sq, ;
elected King of the Bomans, 66, 214, 537 ;
201 ; the Turks and, 206 sq. ; 210 sq., 216 ;
attempts to make peace with Turkey, 218,
221, 233 sqq.; treaty of, with Zapolya,
236; 267, 272; at Diet of Augsburg
(1555), 275 sqq., 336, 537; 399; Council
of Trent and, 674 sqq., 681 sq. ; struggle
as King of Hungary and Bohemia with
Solyman II,Voh iii, Chap, jn passim; as
Emperor, ih. and 146-7; the Empire
under, 140-65; and Archduke Maxi-
milian, 167 sq.; and Charles V, 476
sq. ; 699; and Jiilich-Cleves, 716; and
Bohemian religion, 727; death of, 169;
V 339; 366; 625 sq.; vi 158; 507
II, Emperor, claims Bohemian
throne, m 568 sq. ; and James I, 572 sq.,
. 675; 687, 699, 702, 714 sqq., 723 sqq.;
Jesuit influence over, as Archduke in
Styria, iv 5; and Venice, 11; and the
Protestants, 13; King of Hungary, 14;
and Bohemian succession, 15 sqq.;
position of, in 1618, 23, 26; elected
Emperor, 28; deposed in Bohemia, ih.;
and Bohemian conflict, 31 sqq., 40; 45;
65 sq.; and German Princes, 67 sqq.;
usefulness of WaUeastein to, 72 sq.;
tribunal of “reformation” instituted by,
74 sqq. ; and Bethlen Gabor, 75 ; seeks to
General Index.
S43
gain time, 77 sqq.; Palatinate in hands
of, 82; meeting of Princes convened
by, S3 ; Si sqq. ; 91 sq. ; makes Wallen-
stein Commander-in-chief, 93 sq. ; 98sqq. ;
Mecklenburg Dukes submit to, 101 ; 103 ;
104 sqq. ; 108 sqq. ; proclaims Edict of
liestitution, 111 sqq.; dismisses Wallen-
stern, 116 sq., 680; relations of, with
Estates of the Empire, 146 ; at Eatisbon,
197 ; Tilly in command of forces of, 198 ;
Convention of Leipzig and, 200; progress
of the War and, 201-12; Wallenstein
and, 213 sqq. ; negotiations at Niimberg
and, 218; 220; 238; *241; 246; 249;
Bichelieu and, 250 sq., 679 sq. ; Saxony
and, 252 ; Peace of Prague and, 253 sqq.,
365; 367; S69; 370; Amalia of Hesse-
Cassel concludes truce with, 371; death
and character of, 372 sq. ; and the con-
gress at Cologne, 396; Trautmansdorff
and, 400; Wurttemberg and, 409; 412;
arbitrary measures of, 414; 676 sq.;
Mantuan succession and, 115, 678 sqq. ;
tension between Urban Vlil and, 681 sq* ;
683 sq.; v 338; 351; xi 45
Ferdinand III, Emperor, crowned King of
Hungary, iv 91; marriage of, v 376;
elected King of the Komans, iv 115, 117,
372, 679; birth of heir to, 238; Wallen-
stein and, 116, 212, 239 sq.; takes
Eatisbon, 244; at Kordlingen, 245, 682;
371 ; accession of, 373 ; 375 ; attempts to
draw over Bernard of Saxe- Weimar, 376 ;
Oxenstierna and, 377; 378; refuses to
ratify Treaty of Mainz, 379; 380 sq. ;
383; loyalty of Kurfiintentag to, 384;
Diet of Eatisbon and, 384 sq. ; Denmark
and, 387; 389 sqq.; peace settlement
and, 367 sqq., 602 sq.; French claim to
Elsass and, 406 sq. ; Maximilian and,
409; religious questions and, 412; terri-
torial rights and, 413 ; relations of Great
Elector with, v 640 sqq. ; and Poland,
344 ; last Diet of, iv 426 ; death of, 427,
429 sqq.; v 338; 340
I, Emperor of Austria, x 378; xi 44;
152; and the Vienna insurrection, 153
sq. ; 171 sq.; and Hungary, 173; flight
of, 175; at Innsbruck, 176; returns to,
Schdnbrunn, 179, 182; at Olmutz, 186
sq. ; abdication of, 88, 190 ; 193 ; 204 ;
208; 405
11, King of Aragon. Ferdinand V,
King of Spain
Prince of Bulgaria, xxi 342 ; 410 sq. ;
proclaimed Tsar, 427 ; 578
— I, King of Naples. Bee Ferrante
II, King of Naples. Bee Ferrante
r?, King of Naples and Sicily. Bee
Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies
V (the Catholic), King of Spain (H
of Aragon, V of Castile), 1 81, 115, 119;
at war with Louis XH, 126 sqq.; 19B;
Holy League pro-posed by, 198 ; 251 ; 308,
316; Spain under, 346-68; 379; joins .
' I H ’ V " ' f
i / ' 1 •'-■p, ' ' , ^ ' 's '
' ' ' ''I 'f ? '-
. -Breton League against France (1489) , 394 ;
-Henry ¥II and, 466, 476; Henry VIII
and, 478-9, 483; death of, 368, 4S6;
■:-656; n 36 sq.; ni 478; 510; 738; v 483;
VI 151; 167
Ferdinand Yl, King of Spain, vi 137; 139;
145; 147; marriage of, 166; 249; 342;
reign of, 361 sqq.; death of, 366; 368;
597; X 273
- — - VII, King of Spain, vii 362, 865
'. sqq.; ix 821; arrest of, 429; and
revolution of Aranjuez, 431; Napoleon
■ ■ refuses to recognise the claim of, 432 ;
enforced abdication of, 433 ; release of,
.'.'482; relations of, with Napoleon, 622;
. revolt against (1821), x 74; seeks aid
of Louis XVIII, 79; and Napoleon, 205;
returns to Spain (1814), td.; reactionary
policy of, 12, 141, 205 sqq.; character
. .of, 207 ; political system established by,
208 sq. ; and purchase of Bussian war-
ships, 209 ; second marriage of, 210; :
. plots against, ih, ; Louis XVIII refuses -
aid of, 211; and Congress of Vienna,
i6.; and British Government, 212;
and Morals secret mission, 213; restores
the Constitution of 1812, 217 sq.; anti-
constitutionai action by, 221 sq.; seeks
aid of the Allied Powers, 222 sqq. ;
French loan to, 225; and the Cories, 227
sq. ; enters French camp, 228; perse-
cution of Liberals by, 229 sq. ; fourth
marriage of, 231 ; and King Louis-
Philippe, 231 sq. ; and succession to the
throne, 232 sq.; death of (1833), 233;
282; and Spanish America, 283, 285 sq.,
290 sq., 306; seeks aid of the Allied
Powers against American revolution,
308 ; 816; xi 551
I (IVj, King of the Two Sicilies, and
the Family Compact, vi 344 sq. ; 366;
368; 594; 597; at Laibach {1821), vii
368 ; marriage of, vin 79, 555 ; 573, 649
sqq.; flight of, 652; returns to Naples,
6&; 778 sq,; ix 68; 73, 88, 381; restora-
tion of Naples to, S82; proposal of, to
Sicilian Parliament, 383 ; capitulates
to England, 884; compelled to make
way for Joseph Bonaparte, 403; throne
of Sicily guaranteed to, 604; Austrian
alliance with, 648; recognl^ by the
Powers, 661; restoration of (1815), x
109 sq.; negotiations with Emperor of
Austria, 110; and revolt of 1820, 112;
accepts Spanish Constitution of 1812,
24, 112; at Congress of Laibach, 29,
' 69, 113; returns to Naples, 114; and
Ferdinand of Spain, 224
H, King of the Two Sicilies, x
.129; 'XI 18; 68; and Soientiflo Con-
gresses, 69; 70; and demands for re-
form,, 79 sq*; and Naples ConstitUliOn*'
87 sq*? supprMses Sicilian Bevolntion, ,
, 91 sq. ; and Pius IX, 121 ; mmUQimy "
poMcy of, 379 sq.; death of, 3W ’ .
344
General Index.
Ferdiaand, King of tine Eomans (son of
Ferdinand III), deatli of, xw 426
• — -* ArcMnke, of Austria (son of Ferdi-
nand 1), II 6S7
— Archduke, of Styria. See Ferdinand
II, Emperor
Archduke, ofTjrol,iii 94, 165; death
of (1505), 699; quits the Landsberg
League, 709; iv 1
Charles, Archduke, of Tyrol, and
Trea^ of Westphalia, it 407, 60S; and
manlage of James II, v 211
Charles Joseph' d^Este, Anstrian
Archduke, Prince of Modena, commands
army of Germany, ix 250 ; 25S, 254 ; in
Bohemia, 257; watched by Bernadette,
258 ; 275 ; commands an Austrian army,
S46; ordered to occupy Warsaw, S47 ; in
western Galicia, 364
Maria, Elector of Bavaria. See
• ... Bavaria.
of Saxe- Coburg- Gotha, King Consort
of Maria II of Portugal, x S38 sq, ; xi
570 sq. ; acts as Regent, 573 ; 575
Cardinal Infante of Spain, Arch-
bishop of Toledo, IV 230 ; 239 ; at NSrd-
lingen, 244 ; 246; represents Philip IV
in P’ianders, 644 sq. ; sent to Brussels,
698 ; 690; successes of, 700; death of,
659, 702
Grand Duke of Tuscany. See Tus-
cany
Ferguson, Adam, philosopher, vni 769 •
Patrick, colonel, vn 225 sq., 233
Robert, the ** Plotter,” v 229
Fei^sson, Robert, poet, x 701 sq.
Feria, Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y Corduba,
5th Count and 1st Duke of, Spanish am-
bassador to England, ii 549, 561 sqq.,
566, 573; m 263 sq,; 283; 477 sqq.
Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y Cdrduba,
3rd Duke of, Spanish Governor of Milan,
rsr 41; in Milan, 48; and the Taltelline,
'49 sqq.; at Innsbruck, 231; at Tienna*
Misq.; 238; in Bisass, 246 ; 672
Lorenzo Suarez de Figueroa j Gdr-
duba, 2nd Duke of, ambassador to France
and Rome, m 62; 517
Ferik Suleiman, Pasha of Plevlye, xu
401
Ferishta, Persian historian, vi 512
Fermanagh, plantation of, m 614; Com-
missioners of allotments in, 615
Femat, Pierre de, mathematician, Des-
cartes and, IV 779; 794; v 711 sq. ; 715:
723
Fermo, Neapolitan defeat at (1798), vm
653
Fermont des Chapellieres, Comte Joseph-
Jacques de, President of the National
Convention, vm 399
Fermor, Count William, Russian general,
VI 277 ; 279 sqq. ; 322 sqq.
Femamond, Imperial cominander,, in ■ the
Yalteliine, i? 61 sq>
Fernandes, Alfonso, translates Erasmus’
Enchiridion into Spanish, n 401
Fernandina (Florida), captured, vii 552
Fernando, Dorn, of Portugal, death of, xi
574
Feron, Robert, n 442
Ferrand, Antoine-FranQois-CIaude, French
Director-General of Posts, ix 565; 566,
570; and the emigres, x 42
Ferrante (Ferdinand I), King of Naples
(d. 1494), I 80 sq., 104 sq., 110, 124,
227, 387, 665
II, or Ferrantino (Ferdinand II), King
of Naples (1495-6), i 114 sqq., 231 sq.,
234, 245
Duke of Calabria, son of Federigo III
of Naples, 1 124
Feriar, Nicholas, iv 280
Robert, Bishop of St David’s, n
538 sq.
Ferrara, Venetian factories at, i 260; war
of succession in, 261 ; Calvin in, n 358,
385 ; the Reformation in, 884 sqq. ; colony
from, in the Maremma, m393; condition
of, 401; and Savoy, 415; “the Blind
Man of,” 461; royal marriages at (1598),
527 ; duchy of, added to States of the
Church, IV 667, 686; Legation of, held
by French (1796), vm 573; 583, 588;
Austrian garrison at, x 137, 155; xi
71; Austrian occupation of, 77 sq.; the
national movement in, 384
Alfonso I, d’Bste, Duke of, i 137,
248 sqq. ; n 43, 54 sqq. ; 60 sq. ; receives
Reggio and Modena, 67, 384
Alfonso IL Duke of, m 94, 387;
marries Luerezia de’ Medici, 395; death
of (1597), 397, 432
Azzo d’Este, Marquis of, i 261
Borso, Duke of, iix 461
Hercules I, Duke of, i 287; m 461
Hercules II, Duke of, n 81, 384 sqq.
Niccolo III (1481), Marquis of, i 558
Ben4e of France, Duchess of, i 457,
483; II 358; and the Reformation, 384,
387; suggested marriage of, to Henry
vm, 428, 678; ra 471
Cardinal of. Bee Este, Ippolito de
Ferrari, Giuseppe, historian, i 341 ; xn 842
founder of the Bamabites, n 648
General, xi 86
Paolo, Italian dramatist, xi 548
Ferraris, Count Joseph, Austrian Field-
marshal, VI 652
Luigi, Italian statesman, xn 217
Ferrars, John, and the London Company,
vn 6
Ferr4, Charles-Theophile, French com-
munist, XI 502
Ferreni, 2Iaccaria, of Vicenza, n 30
Ferrero, Guglielmo, Italian sociologist, xn
231
Ferretti, Giovanni Mastai-, Cardinal. See
Pius IX, Pope
, Ferri, Bnrioo, Italian socialist, xn 231 ,gq*
General Index.
345
Ferrifees, peace, negotiations at, xi 497 nq*
Clmrles-Elie, Marquis de, member
of the States General, Tin 146
Ferroi, Fitzmanrice sails from (1579), m
697 ; fleet equipped at, 606 ; departure of
expedition from (1597), 673; arsenal of,
¥i 125; 365; blockade of, ix 213, 217;
Allied force at (1804), 219; VillenenTe
retires to, 226; capture of French ships
off, 234
Ferry, Jules, French statesman, xi 498;
502; xn 109; Ministry of, 112; 1X4;
policy of, 116 sqq.; 121; and Fonkin,
131 sq., 627 ; colonial policy of, 169; 161
Fersen, Count Axel Fredrik af, Swedish
statesman, yi 763 sqq. ; 768; 776;' 781
Count Axel (son of above), Swedish
ambassador in Paris, vi 783 ; vui 789 ; ix
323
Russian commander, rm 646 sq,
Fesch, Joseph, Cardinal, ix 107; Napoleon’s
Grand Almoner, 111 ; French ambassador
at Borne, 191 ; 193 ; recalled from Borne,
194 ; 195 ; member of Ecclesiastical Com-
mission, 196; 202
Fessenden, William Pitt, American Secretaiy
of the Treasury, vn 670
Fethard, BeconcEiation meeting at (1828),
X 648
Fetherstone, Bichard, trial of, with More,
n ,443; execution of, 444
Feth Islam, garrison of, xi 647
Feiierbaoher, Matern, leader of Peasants*
Bising, n 182 sq., 188
Weiiillants^ revolutionary club, vin 173,
212 sq., 215 sq.; ruin of, 221; poH<^
of, 222
FmilU iu Tillage^ Aa, French newspaper,
XI 127
FeuElet, Octave, novelist, ii 622
Feuqui6res, Isaac de Pas, Marquis de,
French ambassador in Sweden, v 566;
668 sqq, ; 673 sq,
Manassas de Pas, Marquis de,
French diplomatist, concludes treaty with
Sweden, iv 142 ; at Heiibronn, 225 sq. ;
Kinsky and, 234; and Wallenstein, 236,
240; at the Pkankfort Convention, 246
sq.; 248; Bernard of Weimar and, 249;
diplomacy of, 367
Feversham, Iiouis de Buras, Earl of, v 232;
247 sq,
Feyt, Florentius, Jesuit, n 631
Fez, Pisan alliance with, in 898 ; xn 132 ;
explorer in, 808
Fezensac, Due de, ix 252
Fezzan, Homemann in, xxi 806
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, vra 776 ; life and
work of, IX 325-8; x 370; philosophy
of, 401, 404, 410; xn 758; 818
Ficino, Marsilio, 1 147, 161 ; and Savonarola,
188; translation of Plato by, 543; and
the Platonic Academy, 559; Platonism
of, n 4, 7 sq., 16, 70l
FIcker, Julius, historian, xn 823; 850
'■.Fiekler, C. B. A., Baden radical, xi 164
Fiequeimont, Count Karl Ludwig, Austrian
Minister of Foreign Affairs, xi 155; 171 ;
174
Fidei ratio ad Carolum Imperatoremp of
■ ■ '■ Zwingli, n 335
.’Field of Cloth of Gold, n 42, 417
Fielden, John, x 659 ; 681 sq.
Fielding, Henry, v 131; vi 833; x 718;
723; XI 361
Fields, James Thoma,s, editor of the
Atlantic Monthly^ vn 746
■Fiennes, Nathaniel, xv 393
— W. See Saye and Sele, Viscount
Fiereck, General, xi 603 sq.
■Fieechl, Giuseppe, x 492
Fiesco, Gianluigi, leader of rising in Genoa,'
H 81 sq.
Fiesole, Braccio Martelll, Bishop of, n 6664
^668 sq.
Fi4vde, Joseph, ix 137; x 56
Fife, Jacobite successes in, ?r 99
Figaro. Bee Larra
FIgner, Vera, Eussian revolutionary, xii
311
: Eussian officer, conducts guerrilla':
warfare against French, ix 497
'Figuerss, captured by the French (1794),:
"■vnx 440, (1808), ix 430; retaken by the.^
'■Catalans (1811), 465; besieged by Mac-
— donaid, 469
— ^ — Estanislao, Spanish Bepublican,'^
leader, xn 260 sq.
Figueroa, Don Manuel Ventura, President
of the Council of Castile, vi 374
Fiji Islands, xii 631; annexed by Great
Britain, 666; 667
Filaagieri, Carlo, Neapolitan general, xi 91
' sq.; 380
— Gaetano, the Set mm della LegUla^
moM^ vin 729, 747, 777; x 106
Mlelfo, Francesco, humanist, Latin letter
writing and, i 544; study of Greek at
Constantinople by, 651 j lectures at
Florence by, 564 sq.
FIHcaya, Vincenzo da, Italian poet, v 69
Filipowski, The, m 75
Fillmore, Millard, vii 399; President of
United States, 404, 432 ; xi 824; xii 682
Fllmer, Sir Robert, m 750, 763; Patti-
archaf v 228, 254; vi 802 sqq.
Finale, designs of Savoy upon, in 407;
promised to PhEip III of Spain, iv 14 ;
marquisate of, v 384, 389; Genoa and,
VI 249; 608
Finch, Daniel. See Nottingham, Earl of
Heneage, Earl of Nottingham. See
Nottingham, Earl of
*. — - Sir John, in Parliament, rv 273;
: flight and impeachment of, 287
Finchley Common, army at, vi 114
Finck, GenerM von, made Coramander-itt-
ehlef by Frederick II, n 293; 294
Finilaler, James Ogilvy, 4th Earl vi
846
General Index.
Fiagal, Artliur PltiBkel, Ylh Bari of,
and the Irish Catholics, ix 694; 707;
X 629 sqq, ; 634
Fingo tribes, in Queen Adelaide Province,
xi 781
Finkenstein, Hapoleon at, ix 239
Count von, Prussian Minister of
Foreign Affairs, vi 265; 293; 328; 706;
709
Finland, occupied by Sweden, n 600; be-
queathed to John III, IV 160; 162; 170;
Charles lY in, 172 ; conquest of, i&.; gov-
eniment of, 175, 181 ; Peace of Stolbova
and, ih,\ Peter the Great in, v 538; 603;
609; 614 sq.; vi 35; 37; 309; Swedish
invasion of, 310; 314; Catharine II and,
694; 760 sq.; 770; 775 sq.; 778 sq.;
Sweden and, 782; vni 325 sq.; after the
Peace of Tilsit, ix 294 ; Kussian invasion
of, 313, 322; grand duchy of, passes to
Bussia, 314, 323, 487, 591, x 413; and
Congress of Vienna, ix 668; x 420;
Kussian administration of, 433 sqq. ; 440 ;
446; XI 628; 678; 680; xn 11; Scandi-
naviaand, 274sq.; 277; 287; highschools
in, 292; Eussian policy in, 334 sq.;
355; concessions obtained by, 360; 377;
762 sq*
Finlay, George, historian, xi 280; works
of, ex^duded from Bussia, xn 300;
■ 845
Finmark, partition of, xi 684
Finsen, Kiels Byberg, Danish physician,
xn 292
Fiorella, Pascal-Antoine, French comman-
der, vm 575
Firenzuola, Angelo, nr 394, 468
Firlej, Jan, Grand*Marshal of Poland, m
84, 87~9, 96
Firmian, Charles- Joseph, Comte de, Gover-
nor-General of Lombardy, vni 778
Leopold. See Salzburg, Archbishop
, of
Uroxpur, XI 732 ; 736 ; 738 sq.
Firozshahr, battle of, xi 739
Mr$t Book of Discipline (1560), n 593
FIret-fruits, BnglMi Act concerning (1532),
n 437, 439
Fischer, Christiaii A., German travellar,
vm 783
- — Bmil, German chemist, xn 770
Hannibal, Oldenburg official, xi 151;
and the German fleet, 227
Michhof , Adolf, Austrian politician, xi 153 ;
176
Fish, Hamilton, vn429; American Secretary
of State,. 635 sq. ; xn 21 sq,
FSeher, John, Jesuit, v 746
John, Bishop of Boehester, i 491,
580, 626; n 428, 431, 433; supports
Queen Oathaoine, 436 ; the Hun of Kent
and, 441 ; arrest* trial, and execution of,
443
— ^ of Kilvocstone, John Arhuthnot
Fisher, Lord, admiral, xn 59
Fisher’s Hill, Sheridan's victory at (1864),
TO 532
Fismes, Hocquincourt defeated near (1650),
IV 613
Fitzalan, Henry, 12th Bari of Arundel,
See Arundel
Fitzgerald, Earls of Desmond. See Des-
mond
Edward, poet, xi 354
Lord Edward, Irish insurrectionary
leader, vni 473, 771; rx 701
James Fitzmaurice (cousin of Earl
Gerald), ni 594 sqq.
Sir John, Captain of Desmond*
See Desmond
Sir John Fitzedmund, m 596
Lord Thomas, killed at Stoke (1487),
I 466
Lord Thomas. See Kildare
Sir Thomas, Spanish ambassador in
London, vi 66
Yesey, and the Clara election, x
645 sq.
Colonel, at Blackheath, v 209
Fitzgibbon. See Clare, Earl of
Fitzherbert, Maria Anne, and George lY,
n 472
Fitzmaurice, Lord. See Lansdowne, 1st
Marquis of
Fitzroy, Sir Charles Augustus, Governor
of Hew South Wales, xi 795
Kobert, Admiral, Governor of Hew
Zealand, xs 793 sq.
Fitzsimmons* Walter, Archbishop of Dublin,
I 472
Fitzwilliam, Charles William Wentworth
Fitzwilliam, Earl,- x 582; 629
— W. See Southampton, Earl of
Sir Wi]liam,Lord Justice in Ireland,
III 594, 596; Lord Deputy, 604; resigns,
605
William Wentworth Fitzwilliam, 2nd
Earl, VI 478; vm 759; ix 76; Lord Pre-
sident, 674 ; Viceroy of Ireland, 697 sqq.
Fiume, port of, .taken from Austria, ix
418 1
“Five Articles off Perth,” iv 487 sq.; 491
sq.; abolished, ?501
Five Forks, battli of (18651, vn 538
Five Mile Act (1605), v 103, 333
Five Nations, Th^ See Iroquois
“Five Scholars bl, Lausanne,” execution
of, n 293
Flacius IliyricuSjMalhaeus (Mattia Ylacicli),
Clavis Sacrae Saipturae, i 609; n 383;
m 150, 162; xn 816
Fiacourt, Etienne d% in Madagascar, v
702
Flahaut de la Biilardef%, Auggste-Charles-
Joseph, Count de, xi
Fiaminio, Marcantonio, Italian scholar, i
567; n 17, 379, 389 sq., 398; m 466
Flammock, Thomas, leader of Cornish
rebels, i 469
Fkmste^ John, astronomer, v 721
General Index.
Flanders, trade of, with Venice, x 257 ; and
Bargundy, 418; revolts of commnnes of,
425-9; economic decline of, 429; the
Ooancil of, 4S1; Treaty of (1490), 449;
(and Artois), ceded to Cbaries V (1529),
n 60, 102; English commercial truce
with (1528),. 4S0; ‘ iii, . 16, . .4.19-20, 435; ■:
Spanish rule in, 465, 476; condition of,
495; Bon John sent. to, 498; return of
Alva to, 500; invitation to Archduke
Matthias to assume the sovereignty
of, 501; and Peace of Vervins, 523;
Archduke Albert of Austria and the In-
fanta assume joint sovereignty of, 524;
after Treaty between Spain and England,
537; Province of, 618; Spanish influence
in, 630; Philip’s plans in, 510, 512; iv
639 sq. ; Spain and, 644 sqq. ; Condd in,
659; 664; Duke of Orleans in, 597; 598;
618; French advance on, 683; French
in, V 62, 112, 199, 420 sqq. ; French ac-
quisitions in, 153, 373; Marlborough in*
416; 425; and Third Barrier Treaty,
459, VI 640; Marshal Saxe in, 240, 243;
246 sq. ; 331 ; 644 ; boundaries of, 645 sq. ;
Estates of, vm 39; agriculture in, 61, %
730, 750; campaign in (1793), vm 428;
cotton manufacture in, x 753; xi 870;
anti-French feeling In, 673; education
in, XII 251
Philip, Count of, xi 645
Flaubert, Gustave, novelist, xi 365; 509;
522; 528
Flavigny, French repulse at, xi 590
Fiddlier, Esprit, Bishop of Nimes, See
Nimes
Flecknoe, Bichard, poet, v 134
Fleetwood, Charles, Bieut, -general, army
and, IV 448; and Wallingford House
par^, 449 sq.; Bichard Oromweii and,
,451 sq. ; in Ireland, 536 sqq-; Protec-
torate and, 539; army and, 542, 544 sq. ; ■
submits to Parliament, 548
Fleix, Peace of, in 34, 37, 665
Fleming, Charles, Jacobite envoy, vi 92
— Herman, iv 677; will of Charles X
and, 590
-- — Klas Ericson, Governor of Finland, ■
attitude of, towards the Swedish Govern-
ment, IV 170, 172; 173
— Klas Hermansgon, Swedish states-
man, V 573 sq.; 576
Klas Larson, and Oxenstiema, 'iv
669; death of, 571
— — Paul, German poet, v 68
Flemish movement,” xi 673, 675
Flemmyng, Bobert, Bean of loncoln, books
collected by, i 697
Flers, Charles de, French general, vui
420
Flershexm, Colonel von, sent to Paris, r?
381
Fliteselles, Jacques de, PriM dis marchandB
. , in Paris, vin 164
l^tchar, Archibald, Beformer, mi 770 ,
347
Fletcher, Benjamin, Governor of Hew York,
m 50 sq.
Giles, envoy to Bussia, v 614
— ^ — John, m 381; dramatic influence of,
rv 760
Fleuranges. See La Marck, Kobert HI de
Fleuras, victory of Maiisfeld and Christian
at (1622), IV 81; battle of (1690), v 69,
261, 661, (1794), vm 367, 435 sq.
Fleury, Andrd Hercule, Cardinal, French
statesman, v 90; 543; vi 69; and the
Jacobites, 109; 131; 134; 143 sqq.; and
Spanish affairs, 148 sqq., 158 sq.; and
Poland, 152; 154 sqq,; character and
administration of, 161 sqq. ; andLouisXT,
164; and Elisabeth Famese, 165; and
Pragmatic Sanction, 203; 204; and
Austrian Succession, 228 sq.; 231; 235;
236; and Bussfan affairs, 308; 331;
533; death of, 109, 159, 239, 329; vm
15, 3p; X 9; 157
Emile-F^lix, French general, xi 131
Joly de, French Comptroller- General,
vm’95
Flinders, Matthew, naval captain and ex-
plorer, capture of, by French, ix 7B9;
exploration by, 740
Flinders Island, blacks deported to, xi 791
Floeon, Ferdinand, editor of La R^jorwf^
XI 25 ; 99 ; 101 ; 109 ; joins the Socialist
party, 114; 116
Flodden, battle of (1513), i 482
Flood, Henry, Irish politician, vi 492; 494;
497 ; and Irish parliamentary reform,
501 sq.
^Floquet, Oharles-Thomas, French stetea-
■ man, xii 112
Motmm, VoL i, Chap, v (i) Savonarola,
144-89; VI (ii) MachiavelH, 190-218;
the Medici expelled from (1494), 113;
restored (1512), IBS; war between the
Visconti and, 279 sq.; cloth industry
at, 496, 512; libraries founded at,
542; Platonic Academy at, 543, 559,
II 782; Council ol (1438), i 546; dis-
putes between Papacy and, 661, 666;
the Eenaissanee in, ii 3; Platonism in,
4; League of Cognac Joined by, 56;
expulsion of the MtHlici from (1527), 56;
establishment of a Bepubllc in, ib.; M of
(1530), 25, 60, III 53, 465; restomtioii of
the Medici in, n 60 ; new constitution of*
m 388-9, 891,401; art in, 394; Oosimo’s
rule in, 395; rule of Francis in, 396; the
ITmfdi of, 470 ; ivl43; and Ferdinand II,
211; John Milton in, v 118; Council
of, 482 sq.; Academies ol, 739 sq.;
Bon Caados enters, vi 150; 602; Treaty
of |180i], IX 68, 364; Napoleon controls
'policy of the Court ol, 398; French Pre-
f^t sent to, 399 ; historic dualism with
Siena, 400; Ferdinand IV at, x 114;
scientific and literary society founded at,
128; 132; xi 41; Scientific Congras at,
68 1 78 sq. ; Mazzini in, 91 ; the Anstrwiifl
G-eneral Index.
$48
in, f5; teactlOE in, S77 sq,; S8S; be-
comes Italian capital, 539; financiai
eitnation in, xii 214; riots in, 220; 225
sq.; Caxdmal Manning at, 230; 824
Florence, Antonino (Sant), Archbisbop of,
reforming infinenee of, i 188, 647, 649,
II 3
Arobbisbop of. Bee Altoviti, Car-
dinal" ■
Flores, Viceroy of Mexico, tih 290
Florida, discovery of, i 54; expedition of
de Soto to, 54 ; English and French in,
55 sq.; French settlement in, in 492;
VI 347; ceded to Great Britain, 370;
Spanish conquest of, 377; 380 sq,; 428
sq. ; 453 ; 464 ; Oglethorpe’s invasion of,
vn 62; loyalist fugitives in, 218; Spanish,
French and American claims in, 324 sqq.,
362, 365; secedes from Union, 446, 603;
joins Confederacy, 453; slavery in, 587;
emancipation in, 595; Bepublicans in,
642; the United States and, xii 6S4;
691
Florida, Confederate cruiser and commerce-
destroyer of the Alabama controversy, vn
565# XII :20":
Florida Blanca, Don Jose Monino, Count
of, Spanish statesman, vi 374 sq.; and
Gibraltar, 377 sqq.; 381; reforms by,
382 »q.; vni 292, 782
Floridas, ceded by Spain (1819), x 213,
275; 686
Florlszoon, Pieter, Dutch vice-admiral, v
147
Flotte, Paul-Louis-Een5 de, French poli-
tician, XI 181; 136
Comte de. Bear- Admiral, hanged at
Toulon, vm 44S
Fiottwell, Eduard Heinrich von, Governor
of Posen, X 464
Flourens, Gustave, French politician, xi
498; 502
Floyd, Edward, ni 572
John Buchanan, resigns Secretary-
ship of War, VII 447 ; at Fort Donelson,
495
Flushing, Philip leaves (1559), m 187;
captured by the Queux de Mer, 236-1,
233 ; demanded by Elizabeth, 619,
670 sq. ; Austrian vessel stopped at, vi
643; besieged (1809), ix 139, 358; forti-
fications of, destroyed by the British,
359
Flying Fmh, British warship, rescues the
Japanese legation in Korea, xii 567
Flysteden, Peter, Lutheran martyr, n 202
Fock, Bussian general, xii 586
Focktchany, conferences at, vi 634
Foere, Abb4 de, x 529
Foersom, Peter I’hun, Danish writer, xi
699
Fogarasi, J4iic», Hungarian scholar, xi
431
Foggia, and the ApuHan aqueduct, xn 238
Fogiiani, Neapolitan Minister, vi 597
Foix, Francois Ph^bus, Count of, King of
Navarre. See Navarre
Gaston de, Duke of Nemours, killed
at Eavenna (1512), i 136 sq., 198, 250,
366
■ ■ Germaine, de. See Germaine, .'■''Que.en-
of Spain
Paul de, envoy to England, in 15
sq., 18
Folembray, Decrees of (1596), iii 668
Folengo, Giambattista, Italian Eeformer,
n 390
Teofiio, in 460
Foley, Sir Thomas, Admiral, viii 626
Foiigno, convention of (1801), ix 68 ;
Pius vn at, X 134
Folkestone, action off (May 19, 1652), rv
471
Follen, Karl, revolutionary scheme of, x
■■ 364 ■
Fombio, fight at, vm 568
Fominskoie, French army at, ix 498
Fonblanque, Albany, X 656 ; 658; 665; 674
Fondi, Julia Gonzaga surprised by Turks
at, m 110
Fonseca, Alonso. See Toledo, Archbishop
■ of ■
— — Antonio de, Eoyalist Captain against
rebel Comwnems i 373
Diogo da, Damiao de Goes and, n
415
Manoel Deodoro da, President of
Brazil, xii 675
Bodrigo da, at Oporto, x 332
Fontaine, Pierre-Francois-Leonard, ix 134
Franqaise, skirmish at (1695), in
667
Fontainebleau, Assembly of Notables at
(1560), n 298; Catharine de’ Medici at,
m 1; royal, chateau at, 53; Charles
Emmanuel meets Henry IV at, 418;
Biron meets Henry IV at, 680 ; Napoleon’s
return to (1809), ix 139; Pius VII im-
prisoned at, 200; Napoleon’s policy in
Treaty of, 428 ; 430 ; Napoleon at
(1814), 554, 556; Napoleon leaves, 559;
returns to (1815), 574; Pins VII at,
xl33
Treaties of (1679), v 45, 571, (1745),
VI 113, 159, 239, 645 sq., (Nov. 8, 1785),
VIII 281, 312, (Nov. 10, 1785), 283, 321,
(1807), IX 302 sq., 309, 399, 602, x 310,
(1814), IX 558; Edict of (1540), ii 288;
Preliminaries of (1762), vi 299, 346, 428;
Concordat of (1813), ix 200, 203, 207;
Decrees of (Oct. 18 and 25, 1801), 372
Fontana, Domenico, architect of Sixtus V,
in 426, 439 sq., 442 sqq.
Fontane, Theodor, German writer, xi 413 sq.
Fontanes, Louis, Marquis de, vni 515; ix
15; Grand Master of the Imperial Uni-
versity, 128; 132, 136, 139; and the
Bestoration, 565; xi 528
Fontenay, captured by the Vendeans, rm
341; higher grade school at, xxi 118
General Index.
349
Fontenay, J* -M. C. de, Btt Botsrges, Bishop
of
Fontenay-Mareuil, Marquis de, sent to
Borne by Mazarin, iy 601
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, thi 15.
.Fontenoj, seized by La None, m 23;. by
Montpensier, 25; battle of, vi 111, 242,
.,247,,250,, 'S31 ;
Fonfcrailles, Lonis d^Astarac, Vicomte de,
follower of Beaufort, iv 596; exile of,
617
Fonzio, Bartolommeo, Venetian reformer
and martyr, n 381 sq.
Foochow, opening of the port of, xi 810;
captured by the French, xii 131, 527
Foot, Samuel Augustus, American poli-
tician, vn 381
Foote, Andrew Hull, American admiral,
TH 494 sq.
Sir Edward James, yice-admlral.
Tin 657 sq,
Henry S., American Senator, vn
604
Solomon, American statesman, vii
429
Forbes of Ktsligo, Alexander Forbes, Lord,
Jacobite, ti 114 ; 117
Duncan, of Culloden, ti 107
Joseph, American brigadier-general,
Tii 132, 135 sq.
Forbin, Count Claude de, ti 92 sq.
Forbin-Janson, Abbd O.-A.-M.-J., Comte
de, X 72
Cbaries-T.-P.-A.-F., Marquis de, xi
122
Forbonnais, Sieur de. Bte Vdron, Franqois
Forcade de La Eoquette, Jean-L,-V.-A. de*
French Minister of the Interior, xi 490
Forckenbeck, Max von, Chief Burgomaster
of Berlin, xii 146
Ford, John, dramatist, in 381; v 126
Patrick, editor of iTlie Irish WorH^
xn 78; 82
Forde, Francis, captures Masulipatam, ti
548; 556
Forest Cantons, Perpetual League of the
{1291 and 1315), ii 305
Foresta, de, Sardinian statesman, xi 369
gq.
Forey, Elie-Fr4d4ric, French general, xi
136
Forgacz, Palatine of Hungary, it 31
Forfi, surrenders to Oesare Borgia, i 238;
revolution in (1831), x 155; 156
Forment, Damien, Spanish sculptor, t 382
Formosa, conquered by the Dutch, iv 711,
740; trade of, 712; Chinese rising in, v
696; xti 5; ceded to Japan, 52, 612, 572;
French blockade of, 131, 527 ; 502; Japan
and, 656 sqq.; progress in, 573
Formula Concordiaet of 1580, m 704, 708*
712-3
WxytnMff Henri'-Franqois, French eom-
■ mandet, viii 565
ItendW* battle of (1495)* i 116 sq.
<3, Ifc ,
Forrest, Sir John, explorer in AustraHa,
XL 798; xri 618
Nathan Bedford, Confederate cavalry
commander, vii 524
Forster, George, in Central Asia, xii
Johann Georg Adam, German travel-
..ler,.Tm 775 ■
John, biographer and critic, xii 838
Thomas, Jacobite general, vi 101;
103
WBlxam Edward, Vice-President of
the Council, xii 23 sq.; Chief Secretary
for Ireland, S6; 38; resigns, 40, 81;
and Parnell, 41; 77 sqq.; 82; 86
Forsyth, Sir Thomas Douglas, mission of,
to St Petersburg, xii 461; 802
Fort Augustus, vi 106 sq.; 112; 116 sq.
Bowyer, captured by the British
(1815), TII 346
Brown (Bio Grande), built (1846),
VII 394; attacked, 395
Gataraqui. See Kingston (Ontario)
Doneison, Confederate stronghold on
the Cumberland, vn 494; captured by
Grant, 495, 558, 608, 616
Duquesne, skirmish near (1754), vi
332; attack on (1755), vii 123; 126;
captured (1758), 135 sq.
Edward, English at, vii 125, 127
Erie, captured by the British (1814),
vn 343
Fisher, capture of (1865), vn 528,
534, 537, 552, 556 sqq.
Frontenae. See Kingston (Ontario)
Fuentes, built by Fuentes, iv 42 sq.;
promised demolition of, 45, 51
George (Inverness), vi 107; 116
George (Niagara), abandon^ by the
British (1813), vn 341
— — Haake, captured by General Fraser
(1809), IX 358
Henry, Confedemte stronghold on
the Tennessee, vii 494; captured by
Grant, 495, 558, 608, 616
James, on the Gambia, v 692, vi 464
Joux, ceded to the Swiss Confedera-
tion, IX 664
Knropatkin, captured, xix 594
McAllister, Sherman captures (1864)*
vn 527
Meigs, besieged (1813), vn 040
Mimms, massacre al (1813), vn 345
Morgan, capture of (1864), vn 554
sqq*
Moultrie, Anderson evacuates (1860),
vn 446 sq,
Nassau (Houree), erected by the
Dutch, IT 769
Orange. 8m Albany
— — Plllaw* Confederates evacuate, vn
499* 559; massacre at (1864), 597
Pulaski, captured (1862), vn 652;’
Eandolph, Confederates evacimt^ vn
499 .
St David* siege of* vi 248, 537
350
General Index.
yort Si C^eorge^ foundaiioB of, iy 742;
T 697; surrender of, ti 537; 652
St liOTiis (Texas), built, yh 362
Bandusbj, besieged (1813), vn 340
Sommerschanz, captured, yi 197
— Stanwix, Si Leger’s unsuccessful ex-
pedition gainst (1777), yh 215
Stedman, captured and recaptured
(1864), YU 534
— SteYens, Early at (1864), yii 531
Sumter, Anderson defends (1860-1),
YU 446 sq.; surrender of, 450, 452, 454,
464 sq.; 545
William (India), vi 537; college at,
IX 728 ; presidency of, xn 495
William (Inverness), siege of, yi
116
William Henry, English at, vn 125,
127; fall of (1757), 129 sqq,
Fortescue, Chichester S. P., Lord Carling-
ford* Bee Carlingford
Forth, Firth of, Dutch deet in, y 188 ; vi
92 sq.
Patrick Buthven, Earl of, Eoyaiist
commander-in-chief, iy 308
Fortiguerra, Scipione (Carteromachns), i
663
Fortis, Alessandro, Italian statesman, xii
,214; 227
Fortotd, Hippolyte-Kicolas-Honor5, French
statesman, xi 135 ; 297
Fortress Monroe, General B. F. Butler at
(1861), vn 404; and Biehmond cam-
paign, 472 sq.; Jefferson Davis imprisoned
in, 543 ; fugitive slaves at, 581 sq.
Forty- Two Articles, of Edward VI, n 508
Forwards^ revolutionary journal, xii 302
Foscarari, Egidio, Bishop of Modena, n
398
Foscari, Francesco, Doge of Venice, x 276,
278 sq. ; dogeship of, 281 sq.
Jacopo, son of the Doge, i 282
Foseaxini, Antonio, Venetian ambassador
in England, iv 40
Foscolo, Ugo, Italian poet, yi 824 ; 830 ;
X 110; 126; influence of Byron upon,
725 5 XI 546 ; 549
Fosse, Baron van der, Governor of Brabant,
x504
Fossombroni, Count Vittorio, x 108
Foster, Augustus, British Minister to the
United States, vn 333
John. See Oriel, Lord
Fotheringay, Mary, Queen of Scots, tried
and executed at, m 291-2
Foucault, L4on, physicist, xn 783
Hlcolas- Joseph, and the Protestants
of B4am, T 24
Fonch4, Joseph, Due dDtrante, vm 249,
351; and the Montagnards, 366 sq., 369 ;
Minister of Police, 672; and Napoleon,
675, 678 ; IX 1 ; 9-11, 14-16, 21, 28-30,
107, 111, 137-40; character of, 141;
180-1, 283, 820; intrigues of, 370, 445;
and the restoration, 565 ; conspiracy of,
572-3; 574; Minister of Police, 616;
treacherous advice of, 642; policy of,
645 ; retirement of, x 13 ; 45 sq. ; 48
Fouequet, Jean, French painter, i 414
Fougires, occupied by the Vendeans, vin
3t>o
Fould, Achilie, xi 117 ; French Minister of
Finance, 129; 131; 133; 297; 472 sq.
Foulon, Joseph-Fran<?ois, Minister of the
Honsehoid to Louis XVI, vm 163;
murdered, 168
Fouqu^, Baron Friedrich Heinrich de la
Motte, German romanticist, x 404
Baron Heinrieh August de la Motte,
Prussian general, vi 279; 294
Fouquet, Basile, Abb4, and Mazarin, iv
608, 621
Nicolas, Vicomte de Vaux, and Ma-
zarin, iv 608, 621 ; fall of, v 6
Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine-Quentin, Public
Prosecutor, viii 856 sq., 375
“Four Days' Battle,” Anglo-Dutch fight
(1666), y 183 sqq.
Four Elements, English play on the New
World, I 51
Fourcroy, Comte Antoine-Franqois de,
man of science, vin 433; Minister of
Education, ix 127
Fonreau, Fernand, African explorer, xn
812 sq.
Fourier, Franqois-Marie-Chsrles, ix 133;
xn 296; 768
Baron J.-B.* Joseph, vin 606
Fouriiles, French cavahry inspector, v 18
Fourmies, strike at, xn 125
Fournier, Claude, revolutionary, vni 228,
232, 243
Captain, convention with China con-
cluded by, XII 526
Sarlovese, Fran<?ois, ix 21
Fourni^re, Eug4ne-Joseph, French socialist,
XII 123
Fourqueux, de, Comptroller-General under
Louis XVI, vm 104
** Fourteen of Meaux,” execution of, n 290
Fourtou, Marie-F.-O. Bardy de, French
politician, xn 106; 111; 114
Fowler, Edward, Bishop of Gloucester, v
752
Sir Henry, See Wolverhampton,
Viscount
Fox, Charles James, vi 380 ; and the Wilkes
case, 441 ; 445 sq. ; 451 ; leads Beform
movement, 465 ; 456 ; Secretary of State,
457 ; and Ireland, 458 ; 459 ; negotiates
for peace, 460 sq.; resigns, 462; 463 sqq.;
India Bill of, 466 sq., 581; dismissed,
467 ; 468 sq. ; and Pitt's second India
BUI, 470 ; 471 sqq.; 475; and Burke,
476; 477 sq.; and Ireland, 500, 604;
501; and Warren Hastings, 581, 584;
vin 284, 303, 759 ; ix 24 ; 245 ; succeeds
Pitt, 264; 266-6; policy with France,
269; 270; and abolition of the slave
trade, 613; and Whig party, 673 sqq.;
General Index.
351
becomes Foreign Secretaryj 685; death 'of
{1806), 271 ; 686 ; and India, 711 ; and
Warren Hastings, 716; x 360; and'
Irish Catholics, 6B1 ; xi 756 sq. ; 766 ■
Fox, George, Quaker, v 328; vi 709
■ Gustavns,. Tas'a, American naval,
officer, VII 549
- — Henry.-, See Holland, Lord .
Foxe, Edward,: at ..Borne, ii 430
-.— .John, I. -641 ;.n Booh of
Martyrs, 538
Bichard, Bishop of Winchester, i
469, 471, 620, 645
Foy, Maximilien-Sebastien, French gene-
ral, pursues Mina, ix 476; pursued ' by
Wellington, 478; x 60; 64; 67; 68;
opposes compensation for the emigrts^
86; death of, 88; 103
Foyle, Loch, Spanish aid to the Irish
Catholics sent to, iii 531, 608
Fracastan, G., Italian scholar, ii 16
Fraenckel, L4on, French politician, xi
503
Fragonard, Jean-Honor4, ix 135
Framlingham, rally of Mary Tudor’s sup-
porters at, n 514
Franeavila, Marquis of. See Ferandina,
Duke of
Francaviila, Spanish victory at, vi 125
France
i iv Italy and her invaders, passim^
104-43
xii France, 384-415
[See also xv, Economic Change,
passim, but especially 503 sqq.,
525 sqq.; xvi, especially 575
sqq. ; xvii, xviii and xix pm-
sim]
n ii Eabsburg and Talois (i), 36-65
iii Habshurg and Valois (li), 66-103
ix The Beformation in France, 280-
304
in i The Wars of Beligion in France,
1-52
ii French Humanism and Mon-
taigne, 53-72 . . .
XX Henry IV of France, 657-95
IV ii The Valtelline (1603-39), passim,
35-63
iv Bichelieu, 118-57
vii (2) Nordiingen and Prague (1634-
5), passim, 243-55
xiii The later years of the Thirty
Years’ War (1635-48), passim^
364-94
xiv The Peace of Westphalia, passim^
395-433
xxi Mazarin, 592-622
xxiii Papal Policy (1590-1648),
666-88
XXV The transference of colonial
power to the United Provinces
and England, passim,^ 746-59
xxvii Descartes and Cartesianism, pas-
sim, 776-99
"Smam icontd.)
V- '■■ i . The government of Louis XIV
(1661-1715), 1-31
ii ' The foreign policy of Louis XIV
(1661-07), 32-63
iii French 17tli century literature
and its European influence,
■ " 64-7'l ■■
iv The Galilean Church, 72-91
. ” vii,' Administration of John de Witt
and Wiiliftm of Orange (1651-
$8), passim, 137-67
. xii . Austria, Poland and Turkey,
passim, 338-71
.xiii The Treaties of Partition and the
Spanish Succession, passim,
.. 372-400
xiv The War of the Spanish Succes-
sion and the Peace of Utrecht,
passim, 401-59
xxii' The Colonies and India, passim,
673-705
vr , Iv , The Bourbon governments in
France and Spain, I (1714-26),
120-44
V The Bourbon governments in
France and Spain, II (1727-46),
.. 145-67..
vi Financial experiments and colonial
development, passim, 168-90
viii The War of the Austrian Succes-
sion, passim, 201-50
ix The Seven Years’ War, passim,
251-300
xi The reversal of alliances and the
Family Compact, 329-60
XV India, passim, 506-85
xvii Switzerland from the treaty of
Aarau to the French Bevoiution,
passim, 611-25
xxiv The Bomantio movement in
European literature, passim,
822-37
VII iii The French in America (1608-
1744), 70-113
iv The conquest of Canada (1744-
61), passm, 114-43
ix The struggle for commercial inde-
pendence (1783-XS12), pmslm,
305-34
vin i Philosophy and the Bevoiution,
1-35
ii The government of France, 36-65
iii Finance, 66-78
iv Louis XVI, 79-118
V The elections to the States
General, 119-44
vi The National Assembly, and the
spread of anarchy, 145-75
vii The constitution of 1791, 176-
210
viil The Legislative Assembly, 211-
44
ix The National Convention to the
Mi of the Gironde, . 245-75
S2— 2
362
General Index.
Itmm (confti*)
vin X The foreign policy of Pitt to the
outbreak of war with France,
pas$im, 276-305
xi The European Powers and the
Eastern Question, pajjsim, 306-
37
xii The Terror,^ 338-71
xiii The Thermidorian reaction and
the End of the Convention,
372-97
xiv The General war, 398-446
XV The Naval war, 447-86
xvi The Eireetory, 487-520
xviii Bonaparte and the Conquest of
Italy, 553-93
xix The Egyptian expedition, 594-
619
XX The straggle for the Mediter-
ranean, passivif 620-32
xxi The S^ond Coalition, passim,
633-64
xxi! Bramaire, 665-88
xxiii Eevolutionary Finance, 689-709
xxiv French law in the age of the
Bevolntion, 710-53
XXV Europe and the French Eevolu-
tion, 754-90
XX i The Consulate (1799-1804), 1-33
iii The pacification of Europe (1799-
1802), passim, 55-80
iv France and her tributaries (1801-
3), 81-106
V France under the Empire (1804-
14) , 107-47
V 2 The Codes, 148-79
vii The Concordats, 180-207
viii The Command of the Sea (1803-
15) , 208-43
ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim, 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
« passim, 265-93
xi The Napoleonic Empire at its
height (1807-9), 294-340
xii The War of 1809, passim, 341-60
xiii The Continental System (180^
14), 361-89
xiv The French Dependencies, and
Switzerland (1800-14), 390-427
XV The Peninsular War (1808-14),
passim, 428-82
xvi Bussia and the invasion of 1812,
passim, 483-505
xvii The War of Liberation (1813-4),
passim, 506-54
xviii The first Bestoration (1814-6),
655-76
xix The Congress of Tienna, I (1814-
5), passim, 576-615
XX The Hundred Days (1815), 616-
45
xxi The Congress of Vienna, 11 (1815) ,
passim, 646-71 •
xxiv St Helena, pmnmi •
France (contd,)
X i The Congresses (1815-22), passim,
1-39
ii The Doctrinaires, 40-70
iii Eeaction and Bevolntion in
France, 71-103
V The Papacy and the Catholic
Church, passim, 131-61
XV The Orleans Monarchy, 475-516
xvii Mehemet Ali, passim, 545-72
xxiii Economic Change, passim, 727-
62
XI ii The fall of Constitutionalism in
France (1840-8), 22-42
iv Italy in revolution (1840-9),
passim, 65-95
V The French Bepublic (1848-52),
96-141
viii The achievement of Swiss
Federal Unity, passim, 234-
61
X Napoleon III and the period of
personal government (1852-9),
286-308
xi Great Britain and the Crimean
War (1852-6), passim, 309-24
xiv Cavour and the Kingdom of
Italy (1849-61), passim, 366-
92
xvii The Liberal Empire (1859-70),
467-506
xviii The reaction against Bomanticism
in French literature (1840-71),
507-28
xxi The Franco-German War (1870-
1), 576-612
XII V The Third French Bepublic, 91-
133
vi The German Empire, passim,
134-72
XV Egypt and the Egyptian Sudan,
passim, 429-56
xvii The Far East, passim, 500-36
XX The European Colonies, passim,
602-71
[See aUo xxi 680 sqq.]
xxiii Social movements, passim, 730-
66
France, Anatole, French novelist, xn 13
Francesco da Puglia, Fr4, opponent of
Savonarola, i 181
Franche Comtd, ceded to Austria (1493),
1 229, 392, 395 ; captured by Maximilian I,
454 ; invasion of, by Henry lY, in 666-7 ;
French army in, iv 147 sq.; Gondd and,
370 sq.; Bernard of Weimar in, 373 sq.,
379 sq . ; 593 ; places in, restored to Spain
by Treaty of the Pyrenees, 620 ; Estates of,
y 4; 36; 38; relinquished by France,
39, 153; 41; 43; ceded to France, 45,
165; 46; 164; 200 ; 220; 373; 423; 449;
Prussia and, 669 ; vi 141
Franohet, French Chief of Police, x 93
Franeia, Jose G. Eodriguez da, dictator of
Paraguay, xn 674
General Index.
353
Francis Emperor (Duke of Eorraine,
afterwards Grand Duke of Tuscany),
n 140; 152; and Tuscany, 155 sq. ;
elected Emperor, 160; 203; 229; and
. 'War of , Austrian Successio'n, 231 242
sq.; and Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 249;
257; and the Papacy, 590 sq. ; 600;
death of, 626
II, Emperor [afterwards Francis I,
Emperor of Austria), vm 531, 536, 579,
582, 634, 642; policy of, 644, 650 sq.,
663; declines Hapoleon’s proposals, ix
56; 63 sqq., 92 sq., 100; policy of, 247;
248; Napoleon’s threat to, 251; 256;
armistice proposed by, 257 ; negotiations
of, with Napoleon, 258; interview of,
with Napoleon, 261 ; 262 ; becomes
Francis I, Emperor of Austria, 269 ; 310,
315, 317; advised to go to Erfurt, 320;
342; prepares for war against France,
344 ; letter of, to King of Prussia, 352 ;
truce of, with France, 353; Napoleon
demands abdication of, 359 ; relations of,
with Napoleon, 487; 637, 550, 555; at
Congress of Vienna, 580; 596, 622;
leaves Vienna, 651; feeling of, towards
Napoleon, 654 ; and Holy Alliance,
665; signs Holy Alliance, x 9; at
Aix-Ia-Ohapelle, 14; in Italy, 20; 21;
at Conference of Troppau, 27; lOG;
negotiations of, with King of Naples
(1815), 110 ; at Borne, 137, 145 ; relations
of Papacy with, 144 sq. ; 146; and
the execution of Gregorios, 183; at
Czemovitz, 187; at Aix-la-Chapelie,
353; domestic policy of, 355 sqq.; and
Magyar Diet, 371; and Galicia, 461;
at Miinchengratz, 557; death of, 378;
XI 44
I, King of France, i 43 ; Turkey and,
92 sqq. ; 128, 140 ; victory of, at Marig-
nano, 140 sqq. ; 322; Leo X and, 388 sq. ;
395, 458, 484, 490; ii 14, 23, 26, 32,
37 sq., 49, 67, 96 sqq, ; struggle between
Charles V and, Chaps, ii, ni passim^
36-103 ; defeat and imprisonment of, 423;
treaty of, with Charles Y, 426; church
policy of, the Concordat and, 281, the
Eeformatxon in France and, 281-92, per-
secution under, 347; meets Henry VIII
(1520), 416 sq,, (1532), 439; change of
attitude to Clement YII, 216 sq. ; meets
Clement YII at Marseilles (1533), 68,
220, 285, 440; invades Savoy, 232;
239; death of, 82, 260; effect of, on
French policy, 486; character of, 38;
Calvin’s letter to, 356; m 63, 64, 104
sq. ; and Barbarossa, 110 ; and war with
Charles Y, 113; urged by Charles Y to
mediate with Sultan (1538), 115; Joint
Embassy of, with Otolcs Y to Venice,
115 sq.; 399, 581, 684, 695, 758; v 625
II, King of France, n 93; reign of,
296-9; 499, 548, 557, §81; Council of
and, 674 sq. ; m, 261 sqq. , 478, 483 sq.
..Fmncls I, King of The Two Sicilk-a, ap-
pointed Eegent (1821), vii 3GS; ix 383;
assumes government {Jan.lG, 1812),,. 384 ;
X 112; and revolt at Cilento, 119
II, King of The Two Sicilies,
marriage and accession of, xi 380 sq. ;
387; flight of, from Naples, 388; 389 sq.;
469
Infante of Spain, arrest of, ix 433 ;
X 231
Charles, Archduke of Austria, xi 44;
152; and the Austrian Constitution,
174; and the succession, 190
Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King
of Hungary, xi 88 ; 190 ; Hungarian Diet
and, 202 ; and Hungarian campaign, 210,
213 ; pardons Gorgei, 214 ; abolishes
Constitution, 217; and King of Prussia,
224; and Danish succession question,
226; and Hesse* Cassel crisis, 229, 231;
visits Italy, 374, 377 ; at Yillafranca, 384 ;
393; 398; visits Hungary, 401; Eussia
and, 402 ; resolves on wjtr in Italy, 403 ;
and constitutional changes, 403 sq. ; and
Hungary, 404 sq.; and Prussia, 407;
and German unity, 408; and Frankfort
assembly of Princes, 435; and Italy,
449; and Napoleon III, 450 sq., 458;
455; visits Paris, 484; xii 14; Glad-
stone and, 37; 116; at Berlin, 139;
character and reign of, 175; 176; and
constitutional reform, 177 sq. ; and
Schmerling, 181; and Hungary, 182 sq,;
crowned King of Hungary, 184 ; and the
6echs, 186; 188 sq.; Andrassy and, 190;
192; Taaffe and, 194; 196; 199; 202;
and reform, 206; 209 sq.; and Bosnia-
Herzegovina, 212; and Humbert I, 240 ;
and Galicia, 337; 382; and Busso-
Turkish War, 389 ; 401 ; and Prinee Fer-
dinand of Bulgaria, 427; 433
Alban, Benedictine, v 237 sq.
St, of Assisi, IX 2
de,' Sales (Samt), V'78 .
- — Xavier (Saint), n 652; and Japan,
xv 712
Sir Philip, and Warren Hastinp,
VI 581, 584; in India, 571 sq.; 574 a|q.;
writer, vni 758, 760; ix 716
Franciscans, In England, contributions of
the Order to learning, i 585-92; great
preachers of, 647, 675; produce leaders
of Protestant Beform, n 161; reformed
in Spain, 400; in Italy, 647. See ais&
Capuchins, Grey Friars, Observants,
and Beligious Orders
Fmncisco de Asia, King Cbneort of Isabel II
of Spain, xi 37 sq.; marriage of, 554 sq.;
556: and Narviez, 557; 661; 569
Franck, Sebastian, sectary, n 223
Fmnoke, August Hermann, and the Halle
Hetists, V 760; vi 226; xx 710
Franokenberg, or Fmnkenbexg, Johaha H.
de, Cardinal, Archbishop of MaliiM,
VI 652; 656; vni 318, 787 ,
354
General Index.
jteaaoa, JoSo, Portuguese statesman, xii
m sq.
Hlecolo, in 468
ymnco-German War, Vol. xi, Chap, xxx
Frani^oiB, Marie Luise von, German
novelist, xi 412
Franconia, the Hohenzollems and, i 297
sq.; conquered by Gustavus Adolphus,
I? 207; Horn in, 208; Wallenstein and,
216, 218; Bernard of Weimar in, 219;
S92; ravaged in Thirty Years’ War, 418;
in War of Austrian Succession, vi 238;
273; and Congress of Vienna, ix 588
Frangipani, Francis, and Hungarian con-
spiracy, V 351 sq.
Franks, Farl Philipp, and Malmoe Truce,
XI 168
Frankenhausen, defeat of Peasants’ Rising
..... at, II 188;S.q»
Frankenthal, siege of (1621), it 78 ; 82 ; in
Spanish hands, 83, 603
Frankfort (on-the-Main), Diet of (1454), i
666, (1485), 302, (1480), 302, (1501), 311;
Peace of (1489), 394 sq., 449; meeting of
Bchmalksldic League at, n 217; negotia-
tions with Lutherans at, 288; Piet of
Bchmalkaldic League at (1545), 253 ;
submits to Charles Y, 258; Turkish
interpreter at, m 123; Depiitatiomtag
at (1590), 712; “ Corresponding ” Princes
at, 717; meeting of Electors at, iv
27 sq.; Christian of Halberstadt at,
79; 81; Composition” meeting at, 114,
117, 207; and Gostavus, 208; 217;
Heilbronn Alliance at, 243; Bernard of
Weimar at, 244; Convention, 245 sqq.;
Peace of Prague accepted by, 255 ;
occupied by Imperialists, 367; meeting
of Depiitationsfag at (1643), 385; com-
mercial recovery of, 420; Imperial elec-
tion at, v 431; Piet of (1741), vi 233;
Union of, 240; captured by Houchard
(1792), Tin 414; surrendered, ib.; Piet
of (1806), IX 268; and the Continental
System, 373 sq., 377 ; grand duchy of,
413-5; Allies at, 542; Dalberg resigns
grand duchy of, 587; Catholics and
Jews of, at Congress of Vienna, 588;
Jews of, 650; free city of, 658; Four
Allied Powers at (1819), G66; Treaty of
(1819), X 19, 22, 145; Commission (1819)
of, 148; and Piet of Germanic Con-
federation {Bundestag), 841, 343 sqq.,
362, 366 sq., (1824), 370; revolutionary
plot at, 377 sq. ; and European finance,
743 ; National Assembly at, xi 162,
164, 181, 188 sq., 191, 194 sqq., 227;
Vorparlament at, 144, 163 ; Piet at
(1848), 147, 162, 228; 150; Archduke
Jolm at, 166; riots in (1848), 168 sq. ;
Confederation meeting at, 223; 224; 233;
and German navy, 227 n.; Bismarck at,
402 sq., 434; assembly of Princes at, 435;
446; 465; Constitution, 198, 200 sq., 218;
Peace of (1871), 612, xa 95; 1S5;' 159 . ■
Frankfort-on-the-Oder, retreat of Schaum-
burg’s army to, it 196; Tilly at, 199;
captui'e of, 201 ; Cartesian philosophy in,
791; University of, t 624, ix 327, x 355;
Russian and Austrian allies at, ti 292,
324; fair of, x 759
Frankfort (Kentucky), inanguration of Con-
federate governor at (1862), vn 507
Franklin (Tennessee), battle of (1864), TXi
524
(Canada), district of, xi 776
Benjamin, and colonial federation,
VI 412 sq. ; 449 ; and peace negotiations,
460 sqq.; vii 69; 1*23, 145; and the
Stamp Act, 149 sqq,, 156 sq., 199, 204
sq.; 173; negotiates with France, 210;
at Constitutional Convention, 246, 253,
257, 261 sq., 292; 730; character of,
732 sq.; xn 744; 757
Sir John, xn 809 sq. ; 814 sq.
• William Buel, American general, vii
469
Franquesa, Pedro, Spanish Minister, in
545
Franz Josef Land, discovered, xii 795
Franzburg, capitulation of, it 106
Franzenskanai, xi 182
Franzoni, L. See Turin, Archbishop of
Pr, reports on Basilicata, xn 237
Frascati, Consalvi at, x 131
Fraser, Alexander George, General, captures
Fort Haake, ix 358
Simon, of Beaufort. See Lovat,
Lord
Simon, lieutenant-colonel, vn 214
Fraternities, lay, in Germany, n 108
Fraticelli, of Monte Amiata, x 151; sup-
pressed by Pius II, 623
Frauenberg (Bavaria), siege of castle of
(1525), ii 188; relief of, 190
(Bohemia), surrender of, ti 234
Fraunhofer, Joseph, and spectrum analysis,
xn 782 sq.
Fraustadt, Swedish victory at (1706), v 594
Frayssinous, Penis-Luc, Comte, Bishop in
^artilms and Grand Master of the Uni-
versity of France, x 78; Minister of
ecclesiastical affairs, 87 ; 93 sq.
Frazer River, discovery of, vii 365
General, at Pig, ix 728
Frederica, settlement of, vii 62
Frederick II, Emperor, Venice and, i 260;
V 620; 666
Ill, Emperor, i 76, 104; dynastic
policy of, 294 sq,; ecclesiastical settle-
ment of, 294 sq.; acquires Tyrol, 296;
Berthold of Mainz and, 302; Matthias
Corvinus and, 335, 344 ; 390, 442 ; inva-
sion of Netherlands by, 448 sq. ; 687, 689 ;
V 623; 634
— ^ — I (of Schleswig-Holstein), King of
Denmark and Norway, attitude of, to-
wards Lutheranism, ii 169; 224, 228 sqq.,
245; and the Reformation in Denmark,
608-14, and in Norway, 618 sq.; v 635
General Index. • 355
i^rederiok II, King of Denmark, ni 151 ; 157 ;
and Erik XIY of Sweden, iv 162 sq, ; 166;
560; Denmark under, 561 sq. ; Sweden
and, 56S; death, of, 564
Ill, Eing of Denmark, Bishop of
Verden, iy 89; 91; coadjutor of Osna-
briick, 90; and Peace of Prague, 255;
Archbishop of Bremen, 365 ; loses Verden,
404 : commercial treaty between England
and, 439; beginnings of reign of, 573 sq. ;
584 sq. ; 587 sq. ; 590; v 558; and the
coup d'etat of 1660, 559 sq. ; policy of,
560; 561; and Sweden, 146 sq., 562; 579;
.:"„yi735"
IV, King of Denmark, accession of,
Y 580; and anti-Swedish leagues, 580,
587, 602; and the Great Northern War,
580 sqq. ; and Treaty of Erederiksborg,
583; 607; 611 sq.; and Frederick I of
Prussia, 666; yi 23; and Sweden, 28,
37; death of, 735 sq.; 737; 739; 741
V, King of Denmark, yi 739 sqq.;
death of, 742; and Sweden, 762
VI, King of Denmark (Prince Eoyal),
YI 188 ; 735 ; birth of, 743 ; 751 ; 753 sqq. ;
and Norway, Yin 279 sq., 788; Napoleon’s
letter to, ix 296; 297; English alliance
refused by, 299; 300; at the Congress
of Vienna, 582 ; and Schleswig-Hoiatein,
X 363; 370; reign of, xi 691 sq.
VII, King of Denmark, xi 161 ; and
Schleswig-Holstein, 225; accession and
reign of, 694 sqq.; death of, 438, 477,
696
Vni, King of Denmark, xn 289;
accession of, 293
HI, of Naples. See Eederigo
I, King of Prussia (Frederick III,
Elector of Brandenburg), t 55 ; supports
V7ilham of Orange, 244; 438; claims
Upper Gelders as Duke of Cleves, 448;
449 sq.; 581; and anti- Swedish leases,
593 sq. ; 602; and Schwiebus Circle,
655, 658 sq. ; illness of, 656 ; and the
Great Elector’s will, ib. ; Elector of
Brandenburg, 658; aspirations of, 660;
and expedition of William of Orange,
zb.; aids Emperor against France and
Turks, 661; and Peace of Byswyk,
i/h; negotiates as to a royal crown,
663 sqq. ; coronation of, 665 ; and
Grand Alliance, 666; and Northern
War, 666 sq. ; alliance of, with Sweden,
667; and Poland, ib.; foreign policy of,
668 sq.; and Orange inheritance, ib.;
and the Empire, 669; economic and
intellectual progress under, 669 sq.;
religious views of, 671; results of his
reign, 672; and Academy of Sciences,
741; and Christian Wolf, 760; death of,
668; VI 6; 8
II (the Great), King of Prussia, t
643; 671; reign of, VoL vt, Chap, xx;
and War of the Austrian Succession,
Chap. Tin (3) passim ; and Seven
■.Years’ War, Chap, ix passim; 119;
.. invades Silesia, 158; 160; 165; 207;
.,■■210; and Frederick William I, 211 sq.;
216; policy of, 227; and War of the
Austrian Succession, 310; 314; and
Bestuxheff, 316; and Bussia, 317 sqq.,
322 sqq.; 342a sq. (in Vol. xni) ; 344; and
the “Beversal of Alliances,” 366 sqq.; and
Treaty of Hubertusburg, 346; 352; and
Poland, 353, 355, 357, 665 sqq.; 358;
398 sqq. ; and Treaty of Versailles, 401
sq. ; and Pitt, 393, 404, 409 sq., 416, 418,
421, 437; 405 sq.; and English alliance,
407 sqq., 422; deserted by England, 427;
and Benedict XIV, 589; and Swiss,
633; and Eaunitz, 629; and Bussia,
630; and Bavaria, 631 sq.; meeting of,
with Joseph II, 6B3; 646; and the
FiJrstenbund, 647 ; 655 ; and Catharine II,
658 sq., 664, 677 sq. ; Peter III and, 661 ;
673; and Turkey, 675; 696; 699 ; 763;
and Bernstorflf, 740, 744; 767; death of,
647, vin 282, 286, 314; and Joseph 11,
309; and Poland, 523; and the neutral
flag, IX 42; Napoleon at tomb of, 281;
329; X 842; De la literature alUmande
of, 389 ; foundry of, 732 ; xn 136 ;
828 sq.
Frederick III, King of Prussia and German
Emperor, (as Crown Prince) xi 159,
406; and Schleswig-Holstein, 440; in
Austro-Prussian War, 452 sq. ; supports
Bismarck, 455 sq. ; and the German
Empire, 465 sq. ; in Franco-German War,
580, 583 sq.; imperial accession and death
of, xn 163 sq. ; 433
— I, King of Sweden (Dandgrave of
Hesse-Cass^), v 408; 555; vi S7; and
Congress of Brunswick, 39; 742 ; 761;
death of, 762
I, King of Wtirtemberg, at Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 682; marriage of,
265; 268; x 360 sq.
Hereditary Prince’^ of Denmark,
son of Frederick V and Queen Juliana
Maria, yi 749 sqq.; 765; vnx 279
Prince of the Netherlands, x 535 ■
sqq. ; xn 244
Augustas I, King of Saxony, and
theMrsfenimud, V1708; ix 278-9; S25;
receives duchy of Warsaw, 293; 387-S;
and Congress of Vienna, 582; 693 sqq.;
joins in Treaty of peace (May, 1816),
647
- — Augustus II, King of Saxony, xi 69 ;
149; 200; and Frankfort Constitution,
216 sq.; 222
Augustus, Elector of Saxony. Bm
Augustus, King of Poland
Augustus, Prince, co-Begent of
Saxony,, x 374; 643
Charles, Prince (of Prussia), in
Austro-Prussian War, xi 462 ; in Fraaco-
German War, 580, 585, 689 sqq., 5W aq., ‘
599, 604, S06 sq., 609 sq.
366
General htdex.
Frederic!: Christian, Elector of Saxony.
Bee Saxony
Louis, Prince*of Wales, vi 66; 68 s^.;
72; TB; *210; death of, 740
William I, King of Prussia, v 44S;
and Frederick lY, of Denmarli, 682 sq. ;
and Peter the Great, 542, 612; 611;
647; and Danckelmann, 662; 668; 671;
reign of, Yoi. ?i, Chap, toi (2); 8; and
Elector George Lewis, 17; 21; 23 sq.;
and Sweden, 35 sq. ; 37 ; and Congress
of Brunswick, 39; and Hanover Alli-
ance, 59; 143; 196 sq. ; and Pragmatic
Sanction, 202; 230; economic policy of,
714 sq., 717 sqq., 722
II, King of Prussia, reign of,
Yol. 71, Chap. XX ; 293; 648; 656; rm
107; accession of, 286, 288, 314; and
Convention of Eeichenbach, 293; 294;
and the Netherlands, 322 sq,; 330,
333; character of, 400, 408; and Luxem-
burg, 431; and Poland, 529, 543 sq.,
550 sq*
Ill, King of Prussia, vm 520,
634 sq.; ix 41; 46, 56, 73, 92; anti-French
policy of, 249; okex of Hanover to, 251;
French aSront to, 255; 263, 264; re-
lations of, with France, 266 ; with Eussia,
*5.; invited to assume title of Emperor,
2^2; sends ultimatum to Napoleon, 273;
retreats on Weimar, 277 ; peace proposed
to, 278; retreat of, 280; relations of,
with Bussia, 282; at Memel, 285; 291;
peace offered to, 287 ; deserted by
Alexander, 292; 293; and Alexander I,
308; Napoleon’s demands upon, 317;
322; and Stein, 329; inffuence of, 331;
military reform of, 332 ; 333 ; return of,
to Berlin, 334; ordered to expel Stein,
335; 344; attitude of, to the war of
1809, 352 ; 364; accepts Trianon Tariff,
373; relations of, with Napoleon, 487;
508 sqq. ; and Allies’ Council of War,
527; at Leipzig, 535; 639, 542; re-
lations of, with Austria, 550; enters
Paris, 555; 556; at Vienna, 680 sq,;
and the Feder^ Act, 650 ; leaves
Vienna, 651; and Holy Alliance, 665;
position of, after 1815, x 8; signs Holy
Alliance, 9; at Aix4a-Chapelle, 14; 20;
27; 342; 348; infiuence of Eussia and
Austria upon, 349; 350; Metternich and,
852; and Francis I of Austria, 355;
and Wartburg festival, 364 ; 365 ; con-
ference of, with Metternich at Teplitz,
366; 372; and Protestant Churches,
382; and Posen, 463; and France (1830),
465, 481; death of, 382
lY^ King of Prussia, (as
Crown Prince) at Conference of Trop-
pau, X. 27; 381; at Munchengratz,
557; acoesdon xi 47; ideas and
aims of, 48; ffirst measures of, 49;
religious policy of, 50 sqq, ; constitu-
tional schemes o;^ 55 sqq.;' and
Queen Victoria, 143; and the German
national movement, 63 sq., 144 ; proposes
conference at Presden, 144, 153; and
Anhalt affairs, 150; 154; and the re-
volutionary movement in Berlin, 156
sqq. ; and German unity, 160 ; 162 ;
and “Dahlmann’s Constitution,” 163;
165; and Schleswig-Holstein War, 167;
and Auerswald Ministry, 191 ; and
Prussian “ National Assembly, 192; and
Brandenburg-Manteuffel Ministry, 193 ;
attitude of, towards Austria, 195 sq. ;
chosen German Emperor, 197 sq.; de-
clines Imperial Crown, 199 ; and Frank-
fort Constitution, 200; and Austria,
208, 224; and German Confederation,
218 sqq.; and Banish succession, 22G;
and Hesse-Cassel crisis, 228 sqq. ; and
Switzerland, 249; and Neuchatel, 253,
255 sq. ; policy of, 393, 395 ; and
Kreuzzeitung party, 396 sq. ; succeeded
by his brother, 406 ; and the Papacy, 708
Frederick Wiliiam, Elector of Brandenburg
(the Great Elector). See Brandenburg,
Electors of
William, Duke of Brunswick-Oels.
See Brunswick-Oels, Duke of
Augustus, Duke of York and Albany,
vm 429, 431, 662 ; ix 440 ; meets Queen
Caroline, 675; and Catholic Emanci-
pation, 679 ; and the opponents of
Addington, 681; onslaught on, 687;
relations of, with George III, 688
William Canal, the, v 645
Fredericksburg, Burnside defeated at (1862),
vn 483 sq.
Fr4d4rioq, Paul, Belgian historian, xii 842
Frederiksborg, royal festivities at, iv 586;
Treaty of (1720), v 583, vi 37
(Slave Coast), Danish station, v 691
Frederikshald, attacked by Charles X, ly
589; by Charles XII, v 583; death of
Charles XII at, vr 34
Frederikshamn, fortress of, vi 314 ; Treaty
of (1809), IX 323, 487 ; school of Cadets
at, X 434
Frederiksodde, iv 584 ; stormed by Wrangel,
. ; 585"
Frederikssten, death of Charles XII at, v
614
Freducci, Ludovico, Lord of Fermo, n 14
Free Bailiwicks, in Switzerland, ii 331
Churches, theory of, n 200, See
also Lutheranism, etc., and for England^
Nonconformists, etc.
Freeman, Edward Augustus, historian, xi
363; xn 390; 397; works of, 839 sq.;
845
Freeman^s Journaly Irish newspaper, xi 8
Freemasons, ^owth of, after 1814, x 215
sqq, ; establishment of the comuneros in
opj^osition to, 221; in France, under
Third Bepublic, xn 115
Freeport (Illinois}, Lincoln and Douglas
at, vn 444 ’
General Indeas.
35r
Fr^geville, Charles-Ii.-J., Marquis de, vm
677; 684
Fregoso, Cesare, French enToy, murdered,
n 76; m 105, 118
- — Federigo, Cardinal, n 33; 370;
tracts by liUther attributed to, 380; church
reform and, 643
Gian-Gaieazzo, Genoese in Tuscan
service, in 16
Frei, Felix, Provost of Chapter at Zurich,
n SIO
Jacob, and the Beformation at Zurich,
n 331
Freiberg (in Saxony), besieged by Ban4r,
IV 387; VI 297; battle at, 209
Freiburg im Breisgau, Diet transferred to
(1498), I 307; University of, 325; taken
by peasants (1525), ii 182 ; French
troops in, rv 383; battles near (1644),
388, 597 ; V 45 sq.; ceded by France, 63;
retaken (1713), 435; restored (1714), 436,
454; VI 241; 637
Freiburg (Swiss Canton), Catholicism in,
HI 405; and Heuchatel, v449; the patri-
ciate of, VI 624; 625; Swiss Diet meets
at (1803), IX 423; restores its old Consti-
tution (1814), 600 ; bishopric of, x 149 ;
XI 234; Government of, 235; reaction in,
238 ; the Jesuits in, 289 ; 240 ; and the
Aargau monasteries, 247; 251; 257; in-
dustries of, 259
Freiligrath, Ferdinand, German poet, xi
50; 143; 413 sq.
Freinsheim, Johann, Swedish theologian,
IV 787
Freire, Agostinho Jos5, in the Azores, x
327
Fr4jus, Prince Eugene at, v 419; landing
of Napoleon at (1799), vin 663, 674,
EE 41
Fremantle, Australian port, xi 791
Frdmont, John Charles, “the Path- finder,”
vn 395, 432 ; major-general of U.S. Army,
459 sqq. ; 475 ; 477, 491, 493 ; and slavery,
583 sq., 599
French Canal Company (Panama), xn 698
sqq.
“French Fury, The,” at Antwerp (1583),
III 256-7
French Bevoiution. See France, Vol. vni
French town, Winchester defeated at (1813),
vn 339
Freud, William, Unitarian, rm 764, 766
fere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward, xn 35 sq.;
465; in South Africa, 636; 638
John Hookham, and The Quarterly
MevieiDt es 687; x 700
Frbre-Orban, Waiter, Belgian Minister, xx
672; xn 251
Fr4ron, Douis Stanislas, vm 247, 849, 352,
368 sq.; VOraieur du Peuple^ 374; 378
Fr^rion, Alexandre, French statesman, xi
' ,145
Augustin-Jean, and the theory of
Hght, xn 782
Fresnes, de, French diplomatist, in 684
Fresze, Hermann, Lutheran preacher in
Norway, n 618
Frew, Prince Charles at, vi 112
Freycinet, Charles-Louis de Saulces de,
French statesman, xi 602; 606; 608;
xn 40; 101; premier, 117; 119; 437
Freyre de Andrade, Gomes, Portuguese
general, in Brazil, v 678
Manoel, Spanish general, at San
Marcia!, ix 480; at Toulouse, 482
Freytag, Gustav, German writer, xi 414
sqq. ; Pictures from the Past, xn 849
Comte F,-X.-J,, French general, vni
431
Friant, Comte Louis, French general, at
Austerlitz, rx 260-1; captures Semenov-
skoie at the battle of Borodino, 495
Friar Bungay and Friar Bacon, Greeners,
in 375
Frias, Inigo Fernandez de Velasco, 2ii<i
Duke of, 3rd Count of Haro, hereditary
Constable of Castile (1520), i 374 sq.
— JuaB' F. de Velasco, 5fch Duke of,
ambassador to England (1604), m 536;
667
Fribourg, See Freiburg
FriS, Josef, Memoirs of, xi 656
Frid, Valentine (Paceua), i 614
Fridag, Baron, Imperial ambassador to
Brandenburg, v 663
Fridericia, captured by the Prussians, xi
167; 224, 635
Friedberg, Corresponding ” Estates at,
ni 718
Friedjung, Heinrich, historian, xn 829
FriedlEnder, Ludwig, historian, xn 849
FriMland (Bohemia), Count Schliok seized
at castle of, iv 71 ; acquired by Wallen-
stein, 73; Wallenstein Duke of, 93
(Mecklenburg-Btreiitz), Swedishtroops
in, VI 280
— Duke of. See Wallenstein
Friedland-on-the-Aile, battle of (1807), ix
290, 297
Friedlingen, Lewis of Baden at, v 406
Friedrich, Johann, History of the Vatican
Cmmil, xn 84S
Friedrichsfelde, Bing Frederick Auguaius I
of Saxony at, ix 582
Friedrichsruhe, Bismarok^s retirement at,
xir 167
Friedrichstadt, capture of, n 225
Friedwald, Treaty of (1552), n 271
** Friends of Light,” Prussian Church
party, xi 51 sq.
**3h:lead» of the People,” English Society
(1792), VI 477; rm 760
Fme, Jacob Fri«irich, German philosopher*
X.365
Friesland, Dukes of Bui^undy and* i
■ 421 ; subjection of, 453 ; annexed to the
He&erlands (1523), a 102; Hmxj CW-
mwe and, iv 695, 701; and the Eternal
Edict, V 155 sq.; 165;
3S8 Genet'al Indew.
Frieslaad, lohn William, Hersjditary S^-
hoHer of. See Orange, John Wiliiam
Friso, Prince of
William Frederick, Hereditary Stad-
hoHer of. See Nassau -Dietz
West, known as the North Quarter,
in 621-2; discontent in, 634
-- — East. See East Friesland
Friia, Jorgen. See Vihorg, Bishops of
Fririon, General, u 30
Frisch, Austrian diplomatist, ti 346
Frisia, East. See East Friesland
Friuli, Venice acquires (1420), i 278
Froben, John, printer at Basel, ii 308,
, ggg.
Frobisher, Sir Hartin, in 301; 309; 313;
319
Frochot, Comte Nicolae-Th^rese-Benoit,
Prefect of the Seine, ix 126; 144
FrSfaei, Julius, at Vienna, xi 188 sq.
Frdding, Gustav, Swedish writer, xn 280
Frohschammer, Jakob, philosopher, xi 712
Frohsdorf, Comte de Paris at, xii 108;
109
Froissart, Jean, i 433; xn 830
Fromentin, Eugene, painter and writer,
XI 625; 528
Fronde, The, causes of, iv 603-4; Declara-
tion of Saint-Germain and, 607 ; 608 sqq.;
Mazarin and the old* 612 sqq.; 617 sq. ;
results of, 621 sq. ; v 1; 21; 76; 83;
VI 130
Fronsac, Anaand de Mailld-Br4z4, Duke
of, IV 592
Fronleira, Marquis de, Portuguese general,
V 426
Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de, vn
81, 85; work of, in Canada, 89; death
of, 90; 97
Froschauer, printer of Zurich, n 308, 312
sq., 316, 333
Frosinone, success of the French at, n 54
Frosaard, Charles-Auguste, French general,
XI 583; 585; at Spicheren, 686 sq.; 590
sqq.; at Gravelotte, 593 sq.
Frost, John, Chartist leader, x 683 sq.
Frotll, Comte Louis de, ix 2; 14
Fronde, .James.-, Anthony,, xi 363 sq.;. in..
South Africa, xn 636; 839 sq.
Bichard HurreE, xi 349
Frouiay, BailU de, French diplomatist, vi
343
Fruin, Bohert, Dutch historian, xn 249;
842
Frundsberg, Georg von, German condottiere,
n 50, 54, 55, 190, 197
Fry* Elizabeth, visit of, to Newgate, ix
693; visits Denmark, xi 694
Fuad Pasha, Mehemed, Turkish Foreign
Minister, xi 313; 636 sq.; xn 381
Fuchs, Leonhard, Ijotanist, v 734
Paul von, Brandenburg statesman,
V 655; 663; vx 8
Fiihiioh, Joseph, German painter, x 151
Ftlek, acquirw by Bolyman H, m 124
Fiinen (Fyen), iv 561; 571; Charles X and,
584 ; conquered by the Swedes, 585 ; 589 ;
Swedes expelled from, v 147; serfdom
in, VI 736; Spanish troops in, ix 236
Fuenterrabia, captured by tbe French (1521),
II 44, 418; recovered by Spain (1524), 44,
46, 423 ; French defeat at (1638), iv 147,
149; 542, 645; marriage of Louis XIV
at, 620; Franco- Spanish marriages at,
630; captured by the French (1719), vi
34, (1794), vm 440
Fuentes (de Castilla), Pedro Henriquez de
Toledo y de Acevedo, Count of, Spanish
general in Lombardy (1599), ni 418 sqq. ;
in Netherlands (1593), 519, 522; Governor
of Milan (IGOtVlO), 398, iv 41 sqq,;
Venice and, 670
d’Onoro, Wellington's army on the
heights of, ix 466, 468
Fiirst, Baron Karl Joseph Maximilian von,
Prussian High Chancellor of Justice, vi
715; 728
Fiirstenberg, Heinrich von, Count, Minister
of Maximilian I, x 323
Wilhelm von, Cardinal, and the
archbishopric of Cologne, v 54 sqq.
Wilhelm von. Count, ii 78
Mlrstendmd, of 1785, signed by fifteen
German governments, vi 647 ; 708 ;
formation of, viii 281 sqq., 313, 324, 529
Furth (on the Cham), Wallenstein at, iv
237
(Franconia), Gustavus Adolphus and
Wallenstein at, iv 216 sqq.; Austrian
allies at, vi 263
Fussen, Treaty of, vi 242
Fugger, Anton, ii 258
Count Francis, iv 393
Jacob, n 153
the brothers, of Augsburg, finan-
ciers, I 358, 506, 518, 667; n 40, 63,
127, 153, 265
Fukubari, Ohoshiu councillor, xi 851 ; exe-
cution of, 852; 855
Fuiehi, marshes of, v 604
Fulda, Jesuit seminary at, m 178; Catholic
reaction at, 180; bishopric of, granted
to the Prince of Orange (1802), ix 78,
90; French occupation of, 408, 414;
part of, acquired by Prussia (1815), 657;
Prussian troops in, xi 229 sq.
Fulgencio, Fray, Spanish monk, xi 557
FuEer, Nicholas, ni 563 sq.
WiEiam, iv 320
Chief Justice (U.S.), and the Vene-
zuelan Arbitration Commission, xn 721
Fulta, fugitives at, vi 552
Fulton, Bobert, American engineer, vn 351
Fulvio, Andrea, the Antiquitates Urbis
Eomae^ i 549
Funck, Johann, confessor of Duke Albert
of Prussia, m 163
Fumes, the Barrier Treaties and, v 457,
459; ceded to France, vi 339
Furrah, Sir Henry Pottinger at, xn 800
General Index. 359
Ptirrer, Jonas, Swiss President, xi 254.
Fasan, Bussia and, jjj 507; 556; 581
Fuseli, Jean-Henri, art critic, viii 765
Fusiiimi, Chosbiii warriors at, xi 851
Fusinato, Arnaldo, Italian writer, xi 545
Fustel de Coalanges, Numa Denis, French
, historian,. XI 525
,',Fyen; . See Fiinen .
Fyllebro, Swedish success at (1676), v
569
Fyzabad, British troops at, vi 679
Gabbard, The, Anglo-Duteb naval action off,
IT 436, 475, 47S, 480 sq.
Gabel, Christopher, Danish statesman, r
561
Gabelle, French royal impost, from time
of Philip of Valois, i 405 sq,; iv 153;
conditions for non-payment of, 021 ; viii
70, 91, 692 sq., 696
Gabet, Joseph, in Tibet, xii 797 sq.
Gaboldino, Antonio, Modenese Beformer,
II 386 sq.
Gabriel, Don, Infant of Spain, vi 381 sq.
Gaebard, Louis Prosper, Belgian historian,
xn 842
Gacko, Montenegro and, xii 392
Gadd, Hemming. See Linkoeping, Bishops
o,f ■
Gadebusch, Swedish victory at (1712), v
582, 608
Gadsden, James, American Minister to
Mexico, VII 426
Gahler, Peter Elias, Danish general, vi 745
Gaertner, Privy-Counciilor von, at the
Congress of Vienna, xx 588
GdrtnerbrUdevj Protestant sect of Strass-
burg, n 223
Gaeta, captured by Charles VIII (1496),
X 114 ; recaptured (1496), 118 ; recovered
under Louis XII (1502), 125 ; finally lost
by France (1503), 127 ; vi 153 ; surrenders
to Bey, vni 652; siege of (1806), ix 267,
404 ; surrenders, 270 ; Pius IX and Leo-
pold 11 at, XI 91 sqq., 121 ; conference at,
121, 379 ; fall of, 390
Gagarin, Prince, Governor of Siberia, v 535
Paul, Prince, xi 614
Gage, Thomas, Governor of I^Iassachusetts,
vii 159 sq., 163, 165 sq., 168
Gagern, Friedrich Balduin, Baron von, x
376
Hans Christoph Ernst, Baron von,
VIII 774; and Congress of Vienna, ix
580 sqq.; 610, 646 sq., 652
Heinrich von, xi 60; 62; Hesse-
Darmstadt Minister, 144 sq. ; 160 j 162 ;
President of Natlonalversamvilungi 164;
169; 195; succeeds Sohmerling, 196;
198 ; 221
— - Maximilian von, xi 144 ; 160 ; 162 ;
165
Gages, Jean Bonaventure Dumont, Count,
‘ Pjpanish general, yi 160; 165; 362; 596;
608
Gainsborough, Manchester at, xv 315; flight
' . of nonconformists from, vii 12
Gaismayr, Michael, leader in Peasants'
War, n 190 sq.
Galabafe, stormed by King John, xn 444
Gaiaghan, Colonel, Eussian officer, v 601
Galata, surrendered to Turks (1453), i 68
Galatea, Antonio, i 624
Galateo, , Girolamo, Venetian Beformer, ii
381; the Con/essiotiy 382
Galatz, massacres at, x 178
Galdds, Benito Perez, Spanish writer, xn
268
Galen, -B. von. See Miinster, Bishop of
— — Claudius (ancient phj'sician), v 723
sqq.; 737
Galeotti, Leopoldo, Italian writer, xi 65
Galgengrund, Bussians at the, vi 284 sq.
Galiani, Fernando, Abbe, Italian political
economist, vni 25
Galiano, Alcala, x 210; and the Spanish
revolution, 214 sqq.; and La Fontana de
OrOt ■ 218 ; negotiates with King Ferdi-:
nand, 222 ; 228 ; ' 231
Galicia (Austria), Joseph II visits, vi 620;
648; 669; 703; Frederick the Great
and, 707 ; proposed cession of, to Poland
(1790), VIII 293, 330 sq. ; 312 ; ceded to
Austria (1775), 523; boundaries of, en-
larged (1795), 549; Bussian troops in,
646 sq.; extent of, ix 283 ; Austrian army
concentrated in, 354 ; Bussian designs on,
591; Austria retains eastern, 655; the
Germanic Confederation and, x 343;
under Austrian rule, 461 sq.; revolt in,
XI 46 sq. ; 152 ; the revolutionary move-
ment in, 156; national aspirations in,
171 sq. ; rising in, 174 ; 175 ; 178 ; and
Hungary, 202 ; 204 ; 216; bishopric in,
266 ; 398 ; 402 ; massacre in, 658 ; xn
186; Minister for, 189; 195; Count
Badeni’s administration in, 200 ; 201;
autonomy of, 337 ; 338 sq.
(Spain), Spanish army of, ix 435,
438; delivered from the French (1809),
453; Del Parque’s army falls back on,
455; revolt in (1820), x 216; Morillo
capitulates in (1823), 228; Portuguese
retreat into (1828), 322 ; risiujg in, xi 554
Galigai, Leonora. See Coneini
Galilei, Galileo, ii 707; nx 394; iv 677;
scientific discoveries of, 777 ; condemna-
tionof,779; 781; 793; vllS; 708 ; 712;
the astronomical work of, 713 sq. ; 715 ;
718; 723; at Padua, 726; vi792; monu-
ment erected to, at Pisa, x 129 ; xii 768
Galitzin (or Galitsin) family, persecution
of, VI 302
Prince Alexander, Bussian general
under Catharine II, vi 682; 697
Prince Alexander Nicolaievleh (d.
1844), Bussian Minister of Education
(1816), X 424; dismissed, 425 ; 4S1;
437; and the succession to the throne,
440
360
General Index.
Gama, Yasco da, i 12 ; discovery of Capa
route by, 24-6 ; 29, 30, 34, 285 ; ix 304
Gambetta, Leon, French statesman, xi 485;
defends Delesciuze, 488; 489; 491; op-
poses declaration of war, 495 ; and Franco-
German War, 497 sqq., 600, 602 sqq.; xn
14; 40; 101; 103; and National Assembly,
105; Thiers and, 106; 109; 111; and
clericalism, 113; 114 sq.; 121; 239; and
Egyptian affairs, 436 ; death of, 112
Gambia, Great Britain and, xii 658
river, discovery of, i 16; settle-
ments on, T 691 sq-; vi 464; trade of,
XII 660; exploration on, 805 sq.
Gambier, James, 1st Baron, English ad-
miral, character of, ix 217 ; attacks
Denmark, 236; attacks Brest, 238
Gamble, H. E,, Governor of Missouri, vii
458
Gambron (Bender Abbas), Butch trading
post at, IV 712
Gaminde, General, commander in Cata-
lonia, xn 260
Gamonal, combat of (1808), ix 443
Gandamak, Treaty of, xii 470 sq.
Gandia, Giovanni Borgia, Duke of, i 179,
233 sq., 620
Gando, Sultan of, xii 659
Gangadhar Shastri, xi 725
Ganges river, the Butch on, vi 556;
drowning of children in, xi 730
canal, completion of, xi 744
Ganneron, Auguste-Hippolyte, French
financier, x 495
Gansfort. See Wessel, John
Ganteaume, Count HonorAJ.-A., vice-
admiral, vm 615 sq.; ix 53; in command
of Toulon squadron, 212-3 ; advice of, to
Napoleon, 214; in command of Brest
squadron, 216; ordered to West Indies,
222 ; blockEtded in Brest, 223 ; ordered to
leave Brest, 228; sent to Corfu, 237;
replaced by Allemand, 239
Gap6n, George, Bussian priest, xn 331;
349 sq.
Garat, Dominique, French politician, vm
746
Dominique Joseph (brother of above),
French Minister of Justice, vin 250;
Minister of Interior, 263, 273 sq., 348,
679; IX 132
Garay, Don Martin de, Spanish statesman,
z 142 ; appointed Secretary of Treasuxy,
209; 212; 219
Garcia, Carrasco Francisco, Governor of
Santiago, x 287
Juan, Spanish Eeformer, n 408
Fray de, Begins Professor of Divinity,
Oxford, n 641
Garci-Arias, Prior of San Isidro, Spanish
Eeformer, n 406
Garda, Lake, Marshal Catinat at, v 402;
Chasteler advances to, ix 355
Gardanne, Antoine, French ffeneral, vm
686; IX 14
Galitelin, Prince Alexis, Bussian ambassador
to England, vi 323; 328
Dmitri Micbailovich (d. 1738),
Prince, V 553 sq.; 556
Prince Dmitri Alexeivicb, Bussian
ambassador (d* 1803), vi 697
Dmitri Yladimirovich, Prince (d.
1844), Governor- General of Moscow, xi
270 sq.
Michael, Prince, Bussian general, T
554
Prince Sergius, commands a Bussian
army against Austria, ix 354
Yasili Yasilevich, Prince, v 518; 521
Prince, Bussian secret agent at
Madrid (1817), man of letters, x 212 sq.
Gallars, Nicholas de, at the Colloquy of
Poissy, ii 302, 592
Gallas, Count Johann Wenzel von, Im-
perial envoy in London, v 432 sq.
Count Matthias, Austrian general,
Mantua taken by, iv 115 ; with Wallen-
stein, 219, 223; succeeds Hoik, 231;
234; at Leitmeritz, 237 ; 239 sqq,; at
Ndrdlingen, 244 sq. ; 248 ; 250 ; 367 sq. ;
371 sqq.; driven into Silesia and Bohemia,
378 ; in Saxony, 387 ; resigns command,
388; 389; death of, 392; 571
Gallatin, Albert, American statesman, vn
690
Gaiie, Johann Gottfried, German astro-
nomer, xn 768
Peter, Swedish divine, n 624 sq.
Galletti, Giuseppe, Italian politician, xi 81
Gailicanism, and Pragmatic Sanction of
Bourges (1438), i 385 sqq.; and Concordat
of 1516, 388 sq. ; 662 sq, ; old and new,
n 95; and Concordat of Francis I, m
659; V 74 sqq., 85 sq.; see YoL yi,
Chap. XVI passim, 586 sqq.; Hontheim
and, X 157 sq. ; reaction against, 169 sqq. ;
and Jules Ferry, xn 116. See also Con-
cordats, Pragmatic Sanction
Galheni, Joseph-Simon, in Senegal, xn 129
Gallipoli, Turkish arsenal destroyed at, i
80; scarcity of food at, xii 238
Gallo, Marxio Mastrilli, Marchese di, Aus-
trian envoy, vin 582 ; Minister at Naples,
650
Niccold, Italian Eeformer, n 093
Galloway, Joseph, American loyalist, vix
162; legal arguments of, Chap, vi passim
Galmoy, Pierce Butler, 8rd Yiscount, v 309
Galt, Sir Alexander Tilloch, Canadian
Finance Minister, xi 763; 770; 775
Gaiton, Sir Francis, and heredity, xn 778
Galuzzi, Biguocio, Tuscan historian, vi 15D
Galvez, Don Bernardo, Governor of
Louisiana, vi 377 ; 453
Galway, plantations and, iv 520; capitulates
to Coote, 535; v 316 sqq.; Articles of, ,321,
323 ; Queen’s College, xii 71
Henri de Mas«e da Bnvigny, Earl
of (Marquis de Buvigny), v 23 sq.; 321;
323; in Spain, 416, 41$, 426
General Index,
Gardes frangaues^ tixi 162 sqq., 166,
403
nationales, organised by Lafayette,
VKi 166 sqq.; 183 sqq., 191; in 1791,
207; Lafayette resigns command of, 220;
223; reorganised, 232 sq., 236, 243;
numbers of in France, 403; condition
of (1799), 665; under First Empire, ix
115
suissesf rm 162, 235 sq,; massacre
of, 237, 437
Gardiner, Gliristopber, adventurer, vii 16
James, colonel of dragoons, vi 112;
114
Luke, and Protection in Ireland, vi
502 sq.
Samuel Eawson, historian, zn 840
Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, and
pronunciation of Greek, i 581; n 430,
475; resists visitation of 1547, 481;
attacks Cranmer’s Homilies^ ib,; 485;
imprisonment of, 486; Northumberland
and, 497; 501, 517; made Chancellor
by Mary, 520; policy and work of, 621-
35; death of, 542; m 750
William, the Portuguese Index and
the works of, n 414
Gardner, Alan, 1st Baron, admiral, viii
477 ; in command of blockade of Brest,
IX 224
naval captain, in Ceylon, ix 733
Garfield, James Abram, President of the
United States, vri 649, 652 sq,
Gargantuat Eabelais’, n 287
Garibaldij Giuseppe, in Eome, xi94; 125;
expedition of, to Sicily and Naples, 332;
in London, 351 ; and the unity of Italy,
375; 382; in Sicily, 388; 389; and
. Oavour, 390, 392; meets King Victor
Emmanuel, 390 ; 391 ; 462 ; 469 ; invades
States of the Church, 485 ; Eicasolx and,
’'531; 532; relations of, with Battazssi,
533; wounded at Aspromonte, 534; 535;
and Eing Victor Emmanuel, 537 sq. ; 539 ;
and War with Austria, 540 sq. ; marches
against Eome, 642; at Mentana, 543;
545; in France (1870), 604, COO, 608
sq.; 705; zn 216; C81
Menotti, xii 240
Garielevna, Countess Anna, vx 315
Garlgliano river, French defeat on (1503),
I 127, 196; fight at (1860), xi 390
G4rin, Bussian senator, xn 376
Garland, Augustine, iv 443
Garlike, British Minister at Copenhagen,
IX 296 ; despatch of, to Canning, 297
Garnett, Father Henry, Provincial of
Jesuits in England, and Gunpowder Plot,
m 555
Eobert SeHen, Confederate general,
vn 457
Gamier, Franqois, French explorer, xn
131; 524 sq.; ,796
- _ Etimne-I.-L*, x485 ; 491;
Gamier- Pag5s, Louis- Antoine, xi 28; and
the Eevolution (1848), 100 sqq.; 108;
118; 477
Garrard, Thomas, executed, ix 451
Garrick, David, and Whitefield, vi 84
Garrison, William Lloyd, publisher of T/ie
Liberator, vii 387, 423
Garth, Sir Samuel, poet, v 70
Garz, taken by Swedes, iv 196
Garzoni, Giovanni, Italian jurisconsult, i
151
Gascoigne, George, in 367 sq., 371
Gascony, Landes of, rising in, v 9
Gaselee, Sir Alfred, general, relieves Peking
legations, xn 520
Gaskell, Elizabeth Oieghorn, novelist, xi
359 sq. ,
Gasparin, Comte Adrien -Etienne-Pierre de,
French Minister of Interior, x 497
Thomas-Augustin de, member of
Comity de Saint Public, vm 343
Gasparino da Barzizza, Italian Latinist,
I 544, 556, 562
Gasquet, Abbot Francis Aidan, xn 848
Gassendi, Pierre, ii 691; iv 779; philo-
sophy of, 792 sqq. ; 798 sq.
Gassion, Comte Jean de, Marshal of
France, at Eocroi, iv 694; killed at
Lens, 598
Gastein, Convention of, xi 445 sq., 448,
450, 479; Bismarck meets Andrissy at,
xn 144
Gaston, Vendean leader, vin 266
Gatacre, Sir William Forbes, General, at
Stormberg, xn 642
Gatchina, Tsar at, ix 34, 35, 483
Gates, Horatio, American general, vn 211,
215, 225
— - Sir John, executed, n 520
— Sir Thomas, Governor of Virginia,
vn 5 sq.
Gattamelata, Stefano Giovanni, condoU
Here, t 280
Gatterer, Johann Christoph, German his-
torian, xn 817
Gattilttsio, Nicoid,Lord of Lesbos (d. 1462),
I 76
Gattinara, Mercurino Arborio de, Minister
of Charles V, x 371; n 52, 148, 210,
401
Gsudin, Martin-Miohel-Oharles, Duo de
GaSte, Minister of Finance, vm 682,
'■706,' 708; ix 1—2; .10, 25— <6; .obtains...
duchy of Gaeta, 111; Napoleon writea to
(Oct. 13, 1807), 368; introduces French
fiscal eyetom into Piedmont, 897; liqui-
dation of public debt by, 398; Minister
of Finance, 616
Gaultier, AbM, in London, v 430
Gaunt, John of, in 858
Gautier, Th4opMie, x 101; xx 509 sqq.
Gautsch, Baron Paul, Austrian statesman,
xn 202 sq.; 206 ; 208
Gavre, def«l of Ghent by Philip th© Good
' at (1453). I 426 sq. .
pliillflfll
362
General Index,
Gaiml Pasfea. See Krutyovich, 0avril
Gawilgarb, capture of (1803), ix 726
Gawierj George, Governor of South Austra-
lia, XI 792
Gay, John, poet, v 70; x 715
Gayer, Sir John, Governor of Bombay,
Y 700
Gay-Lussac, Joseph-Louis, scientist, xn
769
Gaza, occupied by Ibrahim Basha, x 649
Theodoras, Greek professor at Fer-
rara, I 542, 546
Gazette de France^ La^ in Eichelieu^s time,
IV 15$; after Oct. 1811, ix 130; at war
■with the Cabinet, x 94; xi 292
Gebora, battle of the (1811), ix 462
Gcdimin, Lithuanian chief, v 4S0
Gee, Joshua, political economist, vi 60
Geer, Baron Louis de, Swedish statesman,
XX 689 sq.; xn 277
Louis de, munition of, iv 569; 671;
Swedish trade and, 726 sq,
Geertruidenburg, siege of (1693), in 627
Gefle, Riksdag at, yi 784
Geibel, Emanuel, German poet, xi 413 sq.;
420; 701
Geijer, Eric Gustav, Swedish historian,
XI 686 sq.; xn 842
Geiler. See Kaisersberg
Geiahiu, daimio of, xi 846, 866 sq., 861
Geislingen, Pass of, v 409
Geissberger, Franz, Abbot of St Gall, n
331
Oeistliche Fama, journal of Pietists, v 761
Geitzkofler, Zacharias, Imperial Controller-
General, IV 5
Gelderland. See Gelders
Gelders, acquired by Charles the Bold
(1473), I 390; factions in, 423; English
expedition against (1511), 479; duchy
of, falls to Duke of Cleves (1538), n 75,
236 ; reduced and annexed by Charles V
(1543), 77, 102, 242, 244; anti-Spanish
plans for, ni 16; position of, 618;
invaded by Maurice, 678; invaded by
French (1672), v 43, 157; 148; and the
Eternal Edict, 166; Prussian garrison
in, 436 ; Peace of Utrecht and, M7 sqq. ;
468 sq. ; 668; vr 27; 300; Austria and,
631; Brunswick invades, vni 287; re-
bellion in, 322
Adolf, Duke of, i 424, 441
Arnold, Duke of, i 424
Charles of Egmont, Duke of, 1 131,
307, 424, 441, 460 sq., 453, 456 sq., 475;
invades the Netherlands, ii 43; 61, 60,
72; death of (1538), 75, 102, 236
Bainaid TV, Duke of (d. 1423), i
424
William IX, Duke of (1402), x 423
sq-
William de ia Marck, Duke of. See
Juiich-Cleves-Berg, William Y
Gelenius, SlgiBmund, editor of Philo, x
613, 616 sq.
Geliert, Christian Fiircbtegott, v 68
Geliivare, ore fields of, xii 279
Gelnhausen, meeting of Electors and other
Princes at, i 311, 313; Arnim and Oxen-
stierna at, iv 235
Gelt, battle of the (1569), iii 282
Gemaurhof, Swedish victory at (1705), v
594
Gemblours, battle of (1578), m 249-50
Gembloux, French troops at, ix 630
Genazzano, Frh Mariano da. See Mariano
Gendebien, Aiexandre-J. -C. de, x 480; 532;
635 sqq.
Jean-Frangois, x 523
Oenebrard, Albert. See Aix, Archbishop of
General Assembly, the Scottish, meeting of
1690, V 293 sq.
Genest, Edmond Charles, Minister from
Bepubiic of France to United States,
vn 317, 320
Gdnestet, Petrus Augustus de, Dutch poet,
XI 676
Geneva, attack on, by Duke Charles III
of Savoy (1530), n 70, 330; political
constitution of, under Bishop, 358 sq.;
relations between Bishop of, and Savoy,
361 sq.; the Eeformation in, 362 sq.;
connexion of Galvin with, 358, 363,
368; government of, under Calvin, 366
sqq.; 370-5; Calvings College and
Academy at, 372 sq. ; heresy in, in 400
sqq.; Savoy’s attempts on, 408, 413, 420
jsq., 437, 482, 683; included in Treaty
of Yervins, 674 ; Evangelical Church in,
743 ; and Savoy, iv 673 ; Chouet Professor
at, 791 ; Milton at, v 118 ; the bank of,
266 sqq.; 270; Labadie at, 756; vi617;
party conflicts in, 625; annexation of,
by France, proposed (1792), viii 437;
accomplished (1798), 597, 640; revolt
in (1782), 781; ix 59; excluded from
Swiss Federation (1803), 104; Huguenot
seminary at, 204 ; Swiss manufacture of
clocks and watches in, 425; remains
intellectual centre of French Switzerland,
427 ; cessions to canton of, 660 ; xi 234 ;
236; 243; radical rising in, 248; and
cession of Savoy, 256 ; proposed episcopal
see of, 258 ; 269 ; republican congress at,
485 sq., 568; 630; Alabama arbitration
at, xn 22, 717, 720 sq. ; Bussian re-
volutionaries at, 303
Joannes Franciscus of Savoy (the
Bastard of Savoy), Bishop of, n 361
Pierre de la Baume, Bishop of, n 361
Genga, Annibale della. See Leo XII
Genghis Khan, conquests of, in Central
Asia, 1 8, VI 508
Geniis, Jean de Hangest, Seigneur de, m
17 sq., 232
Gennadies, George Scholarios, Patriarch of
Constantinople, i 103
Genoa, the Ottomans and, 1 68 ; factions in,
129; captured by the French (1507), 130;
rivalry of, with Yenlce, 257 ; at war with
General Index.
363
Venice, 258-9; Peace of (1392), 265;
arms made at, 496; stormed hj Im-
perialists (1522), ii 45; new Eepublic
established in (15‘2S), 59; Fiesco Con-
spiracy at, 81 sq.; claimed by Francis I,
III 110 ; trade of, 392 ; Savoy and,
400, 407, 411, 413; Spain and, 476;
Bevolt of, ^497; Dutch trade with,' 631;
Habsbnrg influence over, 689 ; ■ and the
Emperor, iv 31 ; French victory ofl (1638),
147 ; Spain and, 687 ; Spanish protector-
ate over, V 50 ; John Law in, vi 169 ; 243 ;
taken by Austrians, 245; and Corsica,
350, 609 ; siege of, 362 ; and the Jesuits,
593; 606; affairs in, 607 sq. ; Napoleon’s
secret mission to, vin 561 ; French con-
trol of, 587 sq., 663; government of
Eepublic of, 778; fighting near (1800),
IX 58 sqq. ; Eepublic of, S3 ; French an-
nexation of (1805), 141, 247, 249; incor-
poration of, in Sardinia (1814), 599;
retained by Sardinia, 660, 668, 670;
Piedmontese fugitives at, x 117; fete
at, XI 75; 78; 243; Garibaldi’s expedi-
tion from, 332; revolt at, 366, 375;
373 ; democratic congress at, 532 ; labour
troubles at, xn 223 j 225; 227
Genoa, Gulf of, Admiral Mathews in, vi
239
Ferdinand, Duke of, xi 91
Thomas, Duke of, xi 571
Genoude, Antoine-Eug^ne de, editor of
Gazette de France, x 486
Genovesi, Antonio, Neapolitan lawyer, vi
588; 590; 599; vm 111
Gensan, Eussia and, xii 507
Gensonn4, Armand, Girondist leader, Tin
214, 249, 251; at the King’s trial, 258;
trial of, 357
Gentil, Emil, African explorer, xn 130;
■ '' S12 aq.
Gentile, Valentino, Italian Eeformer, n 393
Gentili, Aiberico, De jure belli, xn 707 sqq.
Gentz, Friedrich von, vm 773 sq.; at
Congress of Vienna, ix 580 sqq.; and
the French frontier, 664; influence of,
671; on results of Congress of Vienna,
X 2; and de Maistre’s Du Pa^e, 7; 13;
150; 357; 365
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaxre, Etienne, ix 133
Geography, the science of, Yol. i, Chap, i,
The Age of Discovery, pazsim, 7-36;
Chap, n, The New World, passim, 37-66.
Bee also Exploration
George, Lake, French and English at, to
125, 127; Montcalm at, 129 sq.
I, King of Great Britain (Elector of
Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Liine-
burg), V 359; 403; commander of Im-
perial army, 418; 420; 425; 438; 450;
and Whig leaders, 474; accession of, as
George I, 476; and Sweden, 550; and
the ** Hanoverian Alliance,” 550; and
' Sasaia, 543, 551, 555 ; and Great
' . Horth«m WaJr, 580; and Fredarlck IV of
Sweden, 582 sq. ; and Peter the Great,
-.609, 613; forms third anti- Swedish
„ . ■ league, 610 sq. ; and the Hanoverian
. Succession, VoL vi, Chap, i ; character I
■ of, 41 sq. ; Walpole and, 42 ; 43 ; 57 ; and I
the Earl of Mar, 97; and Spain, 123; ?
and Gibraltar, 126, 147; and Dubois,
131; 141; 143; and Poland, 193; and
Prussia, 209; 213; 445
George II, King of Great Britain (George
Augustus, Electoral Prince of Hanover),
t 469; created Duke of Cambridge, 474; J
555; VI 2 sqq.; 10; 12 sqq.; 19; 39 sq.; ■
character of, 41 sq. ; Walpole and, 42, *•
395; the Civil List of, 45; 55; 61; and I
Pitt, 73 sq.; 106; at Dettingen, 109;
143; 147; and Don Carlos, 151; 179;
and Prussia, 209; and War of the
Austrian Succession, 232; 235; 237;
and election of Francis I, 242 ; 243 ; and
France, 249; 251 sq.; 260; and Con-
vention of Klosterzeven, 206; 272; and
Hanover, 334, 405; 340; and Prussian
Alliance, 399; and Pitt’s accession to
office, 403; and Irish affairs, 488 sq. ;
death of, 416
Ill, King of Great Britain, v 462;
VI 117; and Pitt, 346, 419 sq.; accession J
of, 416; views of, 417; character of, 423;
425 ; and Bute, 427 ; 428 ; sends for Pitt, j
430; and Wilkes, 430 sq., 441 sq. ; and ?
Eegency Act, 434 ; 435 sq. ; 443 ; 445 ;
and American Colonies, 449, 462 sq.;
and Koekingham Ministry, 457 sqq.;
463 ; and India Bill, 487, 581 ; dismisses
Fox and North, 467 ; supports Pitt,
469; and Prince of Wales, 472; ill-
ness and recovery of, 473 sqq.; and the
army and navy, 476; and Ireland, 497,
■ 500; insanity of, 505; and Frederick the
Great, 702; and the FUrstenbund, 108 sq.;
743; and Queen Matilda, 750 sq.; 819;
TO 307, 330; as Elector of Brunswiek-
Liinebnrg, joins Furstenhund, viii 288;
285, 291, 296 sqq., 305 ; ix 43 ; 56,
102 ; Napoleon’s overtures to, 221 ; 244,
245, 262; health of, 264; 266, 297, 309,
821, 367, 673; and Catholic Emancipa-
tion, 678 sq. ; insanity of, 689; x 382;
English Catholics and, 625 ; death of, 582
— IV, King of Great Britain (Prince
of Wales), Prince Regent, vr 117; and
India Bill (1783), 467; 471; marriage
of, 472; and Regency Bill, 473 sq,;
475; Irish Parliament and, 505; rela-
tions of, with Count Munster, ix 687;
supports royal proclamation, 673; mar-
riage of, 675; 687; and Regency, 690;
Napoleon’s letters to, 756; 760; and
the Holy Alliance, x 10; 32; and
Hanover, 374; attack upon (1817), 577;
the divorce bill of, 583; visits Ireland,
6S7; and Catholic emancipation, 645,
650, 652; death of, 693; and Sweden,
XI 683 .
General Index,
George I, King of Greece, n 634; election Germain, George SackYiIle. See Sackviile
of* 641; 642; ra 420 sqq. ^ 'discount . # r. ;i-
Prince of Deninarlr, y 230; 247; Germaine de Foix, 2nd consort of Ferdi
460; death of, 428, vi 12 ^ nand Y (11), King of Spain, 1 127; dowr
Prince of Georgia, son of Heraclius, of, 363; 366, 377
annexation of territories of, rx 43 German Order (of Knights), 1 293, 343, 34o
Prince, of Greece, in 420; High conversion of territory of, into dnch;
Oommissioner in Crete, 423 of Prussia, ii 169; 599, 635; coUaps-
Prince Eegent. See George lY of, and restoration to Poland of lands of
Petrovich (Kara George). See Kara ni 73 ; transfer of rights of, in Livonia
of Trebizond. See Trapezuntius by Kettler, v 493 sq. ; 621, 624 sq.; wor]
George, David Lloyd, Chancellor of the of, in Prussia, 630 sqq.; decline of, 63!
Exchequer, xii 62 » 66o ; Grand iB'Iaster of, and Xni
Henry, and socialism, xii 759 perial Kecess of 1803, ix 94
Georgia (Europe), Eussia and, v 545, rt Germania, of Valencia (brotherhood o
648, 672, 676; Paissia and Turkey in, vin trade-guilds), rebellion of, i 376 sq.
316; Sultan acknowledges suzerainty of Germanic Confederation, The, ix 659 sq.
Eussia over, XX 385; annexed by Kussia, 667; (1852-62), Yol, xx, Chap, xv (1)
X 413 ; General Alikhanoif in, xii 363 459
(America), vi 51; foundation of, 54 Germanos, Archbishop of Patras. Se
sq.; 66; the Wesleys in, 82; 83; 149; Patras
settlement of, vxi 61 sqq.; 105; 149; Germantown, Washington attacks, vii 213
representation of, in Congress, 160, 164, 217
166; invaded (1778), 218 sq.; Constitu- Germany
tion of, 237; and Constitutional Con- i ix Germany and the Empire, 288-
vention, 246, 252, 258, 263, 268, 277, 828
281,283; representation of, 306; cessions xv Economic Change, passim, 493-
in, 308; and the TariSf, 377, 380; slavery
in, BS6 sq„ 587; secedes from Union
(I860), 446; joins Confederacy, 452, 603;
in Civil War, 471, 513, 622 sq.; mid
Shennan*s mar<di, 533 sq.; emaneipa- n
tion in, 595; opposition to Confederate
policy in, 608 sq.; blockade-running in,
620; reconstruction in, 633; becomes
Democratic (1871), 642
Georgia, commerce-destroyer,” vii 565 sq.
Georgian bay, proposed canal to, xn 608
Georgians, The , (Caucasus), xn 342
Gerald, Joseph, political reformer, vni 770
Geraldino, Don. See Fitzgerald, Sir
Thomas
G4rando, Joseph-Marie, Baron de, ix 24;
132; member of Extraordinary Junta for
Tuscany, 399
Gerard, Balthasar, alias Fran<?ois Guyon, m
m 258 sq. ,
G4rard, Comte Etienne-Maurice, Marshal
of Prance, and Belgian campaign, xx
625; 627; x 478; 494; 542
Gerbert, See Sylvester II, Pope iv
Gerbet, Olympe-Philippe, Bishop of Per-
pignan. See Perpignan
Gerhardt, Paul, hymns of, iv 425; v 648;
.,758
G4ncanlt, J’.-L.-T.-A., French painter, xx
135; X 103 vii Wallenstein and Bernard of
Geringer, Baron Karl Gabriel von, Gover- Weimar (1632-5), passim, 223-
nor of Hungary, xi 216 55
Gerlach, Leopold von, Prussian general, xiii The later years of the Thirty
XT 51; 191; 396 sq. Years* War (1635-48), 364-94
Ludwig von, Prussian politician, xi xiv The Peace of Westphalia, 395-
51; 160; 192 sq.; 220; B>ndL Kreuzzeitung 433
party, 396 ; 397 ; xn 826 xx The Scandinavian North (1559-
GerMf Tlie, Pre-Kaphaelite organ, xt 357 1660), passim, 560-91
xvi The Classical Eenaissance, especU
ally 571-4
[8cc also xvii, xviii and xix, passim]
ii and iii, Habsburg and Valois,
passim, 36-103
iv Luther, passim, 104-41
V National Opposition to Eome in
Germany, 142-73
vi Social Eevolution and Catholic
Eeaetion in Germany, 174-205
vii Conflict of Greeds and Parties in
Germany, 206-45
viii Eeligious War in Germany, 246-
79
xix Tendencies of European Thought
in the Age of the Beformation,
passim, 690-718
V The Empire under Ferdinand I
and Maximilian II, passim,
140-81
xxi The Empire under Budolf II,
passim, 696-735
i The Outbreak of the Thirty Years*
War, passim, 1-34
iii The Protestant Collapse (1620-30),
passim, 64-117
vi Gustavus Adolphus, passim, 190-
General Index.
366
Germany (confc?.)
V xiv (i) The War of the SpanxBh
Succession, (ii) The Peace of
Utrecht and the Supplementary
Pacifications, passim^ 401-59
XX The Origin of the Kingdom of
Prussia, 616-38
xxi The Great Elector and the first
Prussian King, 639-72
xxiY Latitudinarianisin and Pietism,
passim^ 742-63
VI viii The War of the Austrian Suc-
cession, passim^ 201-50
ix The Seven Years* War, passim^
251-300
xviii Joseph II, pasnin, 620-56
xxiv The Eomantic movement in
European literature, 822-37
VIII XXV [The Avfkldrung in Germany],
772 sqq.
IX ix The Third Coalition, I (1805-6),
passim^ 244-64
X The Third Coalition, II (1806-7),
passim^ 265-93
xix The Congress of Vienna, I (1814-
5), passim^ 576-602
xxi The Congress of Vienna, II (1815),
passimt 647-71
[See also Chaps, iv, xi, xiv, and
Prussia]
X xi The Germanic Federation (1815-
40), 340-82
xii Literature in Germany, 383-412
xxiii Economic Change, passim^ 727-62
XI iii Liberalism and Kationality in
Germany and Austria (1840-8),
43-64
vi The Bevolution and the Beaction
in a®d Austria, I
. ' (lS^-9), 142-201 '
, vii Th4Bavoiution aud the Beaction in
Germany and Austria, II 202-33
XV Austria, Prussia, and the Ger-
manic Confederation
(1) Beaction and Eeorganisa-
tion (1852-62), 393-410
(2) German Literature (1840-
70), 411-20
xvi Bismarck and German Unity,
432-66
xxi The Franco-German War (1870-1),
576-612
xn vi The German Empire (1871-1910),
134-73
. XX The European Colonies, pussiw,
602-71
xxiii Social movements, pmsinii 7MJ-65
[See aim the Empire and the
various German States, mpeoi*
allg Prussia]
'GOTuetsheim, MsnsfeM at, rv 80 j 84;
. ^arto of Lorraine at, vx 240
G^ldseck, Biebold von, controversy be^
Ewingli ,and* xt ^1; d«& of,
' ' 337
Gerona, taken by French (1694), v 61,
(1711), 428; fortress of, Duhesme attacks
(1808), IX 430; besieged by Saint-Cyr
(1809), 448, 454-5; fall of, tb., 457
Gerry, Elbridge, Massachusetts deputy at
Constitutional Convention (1787), vii
246, 274 sq., 280, 285, 289, 293 sq., 321
Gerson, Jean, ii 281
Gerst, BepubUcan rising in, xi 137
Gerstenberg, Heinrich WBhelm von, x 386
Gertruydenberg, peace negotiations at, v
427, 430, 452; captured by French
(1793], vin 419, (1795), 436
Gervinus, Georg Gottfried, expelled from
Hanover, x 379 sq.; xi 62; 164; xii
826
Gesenius, F. H. Wilhelm, German Hebraist,
X 382; xn 846
Gesner, Conrad, bibliographer and natural-
ist, I 611, 615; 618; and botanical
studies, V 734, 736, 738
Jean, Swiss scholar and botanist, vi
625
Gessi, Egyptian officer, xn 439; 441
Gessner, Solomon, Swiss poet and man of
letters, vin 781
Gettysburg, battle of (1863), vn 488 sqq.,
616
Geulincx of Antwerp, at Louvain, rr 789
Gewitsch, Field-marshal Baun at, vi 271
sq.
Gex, Savoy recovers, in 405, 419; ex-
changed for Saiuzzo, 677
Geyer, Florian, leader of Franconian
peasants, n 102, 188; death of, 190
Gezzar, kills Sultan’s messengers at Acre,
IX 365; death of, 087
Ghadames, explorers in, xn 8C^
Ghaxipur, opium Jtocfcory at, xn 4$5
Ghaani, xi 731; 'captured, 732; 733; 731
Ghent, struggle betwtoi jPhillp the Good
and, 1 427 ; gilds at, 428; rivMry between
Bruges, Ypres and, 428-9; Peace of
(1492). 450; Charles V and, 458; rebe'llion
of 1539 in, ii 74 sq., 98, 236; suppressed,
238; Charles V at (1640), in 114 ; Pacifi-
cation of, 181, 246-7, 250-1; Chapter of
Golden Fleece assembled at {1669), 187;
Egmont and Hoorn imprisoned at, 215,
218; States of Flanders at, 244;
gress at, 245 sq.; Simulaai^ expell*^
from, 248, 260 sqq.; by Parma,
618; 630; restored to Spain (1679), v 46;
captured by French (1678), '164, 211,
,420; captmred by Marlborough (1706),
416; 421 457 sq.; tl 243; eekai by
Belgians, 652 ; Pwmjo of (1814), vn
347,, 340, IX 1^; and the fisheries dis-
pute, TO 062 Mi.; Austrian defeat at
(1789), vnx 329; Louis XVIII at, x 44;
indusfeies at, 624, 533; 526; plots at,
639; 746; and the Libe»l cause, « 674;
socialism at, xn 262 ; 756 <
^ Maurice de Broglie, Bi^op ©4 ' *'
525 eq.
2a", '■
366
General Indece.
©Jaaess, pirate stronghoM, ti ^31
0Mberti, Lorenao di Gino, Florentine
gonlptor, I 548
Siiifeais, n 733
0laiiiH©ri, Michele. B€$ Fins ¥, Pope
— Mar^aie* Austrian ambassador, x
Gbtnl&m BMir, official at DelM, ix 719
Glijka, Fidncse Alexander, Hospodar of
Wallaelda, xi 282
Prince 0r^ory, Hospodar of Mol*
dairia* xi 284; 643
©iaeinto, Corsican leader, m 609
Giacometti, Paolo, Italian playwright, K
548
Giacomini, Antonio, Florentine captain,
I 191, 197
Gialong, King of Ann am, xn 523
Giammaria, Count of VerrnccMo, n 18
Gianni, Tuscan minister, vi 602
Giannone, Pietro, Heapolifean historian,
w 588sq[.; 594
Gibbon, Edward, historian, vr 837 ; vm 18;
XI 363; xn 817; 845
Gibbs, loBiah Willard, physicist, six 785
^barti,Giammateo. Verona, Bishops of
Gibraltar, Bay of, fleet under Santa Cnm
in, m 500; Spanish fleet attacked at
■ i '|1607|, 134 339; scheme for occupation
ol, , 1 ? 484 ; «ptnre of (1704), 1 413 ; siege
of (1706), ib.f 416; 444; Alberoni and,
■in II ; 85; 38 SQ, ; 57 »1. i siege of (1727),
, 59, 146* 342a (in VoL xm), 376, 379 sq, ;
452; Treaty of Se?ille and, 60; 63; 65;
British fleet at, 68; George I and, 126;
Spain and, 138 sqq.; 147 sqq,; 157;
Admiral Haddock at, 236; 239; 350;
365 ; 376 ; secret negotiations concerning,
377 sq.; 381; 464; Spanish blockade of
(1781), VII 231; 331; threatened{1779-83),
mi 92; Danish ships searched at, xx
45; Ganteaame passes Straits of, 53;
;; ftmm»e» withdraws to, 54 ; stratum im-
portance of, 210; Villenenye near, 220;
JSielsoa near, 225; ships despatched to,
' : ‘ 229 ; Helw «thd, 2^ ; a mtre of English
commerce, 301; plot at, x 230; General
Mm tods si, m 569
Gibson, Thomas Milner, and Oon^iracy
Bill, XI 328 • '
Gide, Charles, Frmioh scwMsi, m. 124
Gt4, Pienr© de Bohan, Marshal do, Wsw^h
ge^ai at Fomovo, t 117
' 'Gielgud, Anton, PoEsh general, x 472
Gto, Court at, saved by Turenne, i? 616
,, Gierkse, Otto, German Mstomn, xn 850
Gia^ bhchoto do, Bussto Foreign
’ ' Mmisto* act, 313
Giesebrecht, Wilhelm von, German his-
tofto, xn: ^
Glesela, Ga4 Imdwig, German
Mstorto# iaa ,846
Giffiord, GaJtot^i in 291
IX 687; X 699 , ^ ” ; - “ '
Gil, Juan (Egidio), Spanish reformer, m
404 sq.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, m 300 ; colonisation
projects of, vh 2/o2
Balegh, expedition of, to New
England, vu 12
Sir Walter Baleigh, Heutenant-
■ general in India, xi' 740' sqq.. ' ,
William, physician to Queen Eliza-
beth, V 716
Gilbert Island, annexation of, xn 667
Gilds. See Craft-gilds
Giles, Ernest* Australian explorer, xn 618
Gilgit, British agency at, xn 487; 802
Gillot, Jacques, m 70
Gilmore, James Boberts, American author,
vn 578
Gilyan, Bussia and, v 544 sq,
Gindeiy, Anton, on Banke, xn 827
Ginetti, Cardinal, at Cologne, iv 396
Gingi, fortress of, vi 539
Ginguen^, Pierre-Louis, ix 132
Ginkel, Godert de, 1st Earl of Athlone.
See Athlone
Gioberti, Vincenzo, n 35; x 128; writings
of, 166 sq.; 168; JPrimato^ xi 65 sq. ;
Ffolegommii al FrimatOt 67 sq. ; 70 sq. ;
73; 76; 90; Ministry of, 93, 546 sq.;
and Pius IX, 705 ; 712
Giooondo, Fra, k 12
Giori, Vaiteiline general, at Misox, iv 48
sqq.
Gioia, Melchiorre, Italian writer, x 128
Giolitti, Giovanni, Italian statesman, xn
218 sq.; 223; Ministry of, 225 sqq.
Giordam, Pietro, Italian writer, x 128
Giordano, Italian brigand, xi 631
Giorgio, Domenico, Italian Lutheran, ii
3S7
Giorgione (Giorgio Barbarelii), i 284
Giorgis, de, Italian general, in Macedonia,
xn 426
Giovenale, Latino, the Oratory of Divine
Love and, n 379
Giomo, Paolo (Paulus Jovius), i 545, 560,
568 ; n 15, 21 ; m 114, 394 ; v 512
Gipps, Sir George, Governor of New South
Wales, XI 795
Giraldi, feovanbattista (Ointhio), m 467 sq.,
472
Girard, Albert, mathemaMcian, v 710
Gr4goire, Swiss FmmOTcan fciar, xx
239
Baron Jean-Baptiste, French general,
IX 526-6
Philippe-Hmiri de, inventor of flax-
spinning, machine, IX 125, X 755
Girardin, Emile de, x 492; xi 127; 526;
XH 110
Giraud, Charles, French statesman, xi
135
— P.-F,*F.-J., French writer, vm ^1'
Girodet-Trioson, Anne-Louis Girodei de
Boussy, painter, ix 135;' xi 528 ■
Giron, Pietro, leader of €omtmero$f t 374
General Index.
m*!
Gironde. See Girondins
Girondins, vin 213, 248 sqq.; failure of,
253 sq., 256 sq.; and the King's trial,
254 sqq., 259, 262 ; responsibility of, for
the King’s death, 261 ; Danton and, 264,
267, 269 ; 270 sq.; fall of, 275, 338 sq.;
346 ; proscription of, 350 ; trial and end
of, 357
Girton College, xh 762
Gislikon, battle at, xi 251
Gistera, Carl, Austrian Minister of Interior,
xn 185 sq.
Gitschin, acquired by ‘Wallenstein, iv 73;
Wallenstein and Bubna at, 234 ; xi 452 ;
Prussians in, 453
Giudice, Cardinal, ti 123
Giusti, Giuseppe, poet, x 126 ; xi 68 ; 546
Giustiniani, A,, ambassador at Rome (1502),
^ x240. ■, ■ , ■■ . ■ .
Lorenzo, 1st Patriarch of Venice,
I 267
Paolo, reformer of the Camaldolese,
11647
Taddeo, i 259
Papal Nuncio, x 142
Giza, Pyramids of, xii 433
Gizzi, Pasquale, Cardinal-Legate at Forli,
X 156 ; Papal Secretary of State, xi 76 sq, ;
703
Gjatsk, Napoleon at, ix 494
Gloe, Mogens, High Steward of Denmark,
n 611, 614
Gladstone, Herbert John Gladstone, vis-
count, GoTemor-Generai of South Afdca,
jrr S48
William Bwart, x 110 ; 655 ; 667 ;
Under-Secretary to Board of Trade, xr
2; 4; and Maynooth Ool!^ grasnt, 9;
10; 21; tr«t Budget of, 310 sq.; resigns,
320 J 'oppow® Ditotce Bill,. 326 sq* ; 328 ;
' ' ^ ^30 5 Chancellor of Exchequer (1850),
‘ ‘ 331 ; 333 ; ‘ jSnanclal policy or,, 334 Sq. ;
' 337 ; Introduces Befonn Bffl of 1866,
330; rivalry of, with Disraeli, 342 sq.;
and Irish Disestablishment, 344 sq. ; 345 ;
and Neapolitan trials, 379; 677; 764 sq.;
and Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce,
470; XII 14; policy of, 28 sq.; Minis-
try of (1868-74), 23sqq.; and Disraeli,
30; 31; anti-Turkish agitation by, 32;
34 sq,; klinistry of (1880-5), 36 sqq.;
42; Home Buie BiU of (1886), 43 sq.;
resigns, 45; Ministry of (1^**4), 49
sqq.; retires, 51; 61; disestahhsheslrim
Church, 65 sq.; and Irish land question,
67, 70; and Irish education, 70 sqq.; 77;
Irish Land Act of, 79 aq. ; 81 sq. ; resigns
' (1885), 83 ; «nd Irish Home Buie, 84, 87 ;
and Gfflm«iy, 161 : and Montenegro, 402 ;
and Gree«, 403, 408: and Armeman
/ ' ' question, 416, 418; and the ‘^Bulgarian
Atrocities,^’ 384; and Egyptian affairs,
' 437, -007 and the Sudan, 40; and
' , ; Ghrdoa relief expedition, 442; 444; 458 ;
■ ffm 70 ; 760
Glamorgan, Edward Somerset (Lord
Herbert), 6th Earl and 2nd Marquis of
Worcester, titular Earl of, if 328; Iumi
treaty and, 338; and Ormonde, 528;
arrest of, 529; 580
Glanddves, naval commander at Toulon,
VIII448
Glanfynne, lands of, m 613
Glanvill, Joseph, divine, v 752
Glapion, Jean, n 148^
Glareanus. See Loriti
Glarus, Ewingli at, n 307 sqq.; manufacture
of cotton goods at, ix 425; industrial
legislation in, xi 260
Glasgow, Damley at, in 273; v 28e;
covenanting students at, 287 ; Union
riots in, 299; vi 99; Malt Tax not m,
107; 115; and Irish trade, 496; riot
at (1820), X 582; financial crisis in,
. XI 327 ; University, xn 71 ^
Archbishop of. See Cairncross
■ — — Assembly, IV 284; 500 sqq.
Glatz, VI 229 ; ceded to Prussia, 235, 244 ;
242; and Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 249;
■ 270; capitulates, 294; 297 sq.; regained
by Russia, 300 ; 326; 339 sq.;^ 632
Glauber, Johann Rudolf, chemist, v 731
Glayon, Seigneur de, Dutch Councillor of
State, ni 194
Gleiohman, Johan George, Dutch Finance
Minister, xn 244
Gleim, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig, Genmn
poet, vm 773
Glencaim, Alexander Cunmngdsam, 5th
Bari of, n 558, 673; m 271 ^
Williain Cunningham, 4th Bari | c%
K 456 sqq. ■ ■ , ^
Glmmoe, maj«ere of (I#2). w 204
Glenconkein, ftoest of, m 6-00
Glenelg, ChaHes Grant, Lord, influence qf,
IX 717 ; and East Lidia 'Company, 728
sqq. ; P^^ldeat of Board of Trade, x 645
Glenfinnan, Prince Charles in, wt 112
Glenmalure, battle of (1580), ni 508, €02
GlensMel, Pass of, Jacobites in, vi 106
Glisson, Francis, anatomist, v 729 ; 733
Globe, ie, French journal, x 95; 08; 103
Globig, H. A. F. von, Saxon plenipotai-
tiary at Congress of Vienna, ix 587
Glogau, given to Wallenstein, iv 213.;,, talim,
by Swedes, 386; ? 593; priadpalily
of, 664 ; m 229 sq. ; Kysu’s retreat to,
274 ; 275; taken by Jerome (1806), a
281; evacuation of, &mahd« (1808|,
' 318; Beynier at, 512; fortress of, 514
Gloucester, Farlmmentaxy garrison at, m
■ 314; si^ c^, 315, 317, v 746
-- — Humphry, Duke of, i 59B
Wiliam* Duke of (ion of Queen
Ann^ V W55 It 6; 8
— William S«ry, Duke of, marriage
of, VI 445 " ■ * ' ^
GMcteburg, Christmn, Prince of, aa
, Due de. See Decazes, Louis-G.-E.-A.
Giutx* Bobrnrl, Swiss Mstoriaa, 'xi Ml' '
368
General Index.
Umimdeii, Treaty of (1514), between Maxi-
loilian I and Tsar Waailiei IvanoviiS,
I S4S
Gneisenan, Angastns Heidbardt, Oonnt,
Prussian Marshal, defender of Kolberg,
IX 291 ; S28, S82 ; favours alliance of
Austria with Prussia, 344; in Silesia,
514 ; character of, 524 ; 542, 543 ; pness
of, 551 ; advice of, 592 ; 631 ; hesitation
of, before Waterloo, 637 ; x 349 ; 365
Gaeist, H. Budolph von, historian, xii
850
Gnesen, Canonry of, m 75; shrine at, v
629
Gnesen, Archbishops of (Primates of Po-
land) -
Jacob XJcbanski (1562-81), in 81;
84; Interrex of Poland, 90, 96
Michael Stefan BadziejowsM, Cardi-
nal, V 692
Nicholas DziergowsM (1546-69), m
78
Stanislas Karnkowski (1581-1604)
(Bishop of Gujavia), m 83, 90
Goa, capture of, by Alburquerque, i 31 sq.;
Butch adventurers at, in 632; Stevens
at, I? 729; Anglo-Butch expe^tion to,
W; Portuguese and, 744, ix 717; British
' occupy, 731
;0ol»!in» factory, v 11
Gobi, desert of, xn 792; 802 ; 806
Goch, John of. Bee Pupper
Godard, P., Piench advocate, vin 733
Thomas, Indian general, vi 576
Godefroi, Benys and Jacques, m 58
Godehen, Director of Preneh Bast India
Company, vi 542 sqq,
Go^lericb, Viscount. See Bipon, Earl of
Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, murder of,
v 221 sq., 224, 334
Godoiphin, Sidney Godolphin, Ist Earl of,
V 247 ; and James II, 262 ; 271 ; 274 ;
29S; 427; and Marlborough, 428 sq.,
460 sq. ; 440 ; character of, 461 ; and party
government, 463 sqq.; and Harley, 465 ;
diro^syi of, 469; 595; 701; vi 11
— ^ — Sir William, English ambassador in
Spain- V 2!^
Godoj, Manuel de, Duke of Alcudia, Prince
of the Peace and of Bassano, Spanish
statesman, vni 442, 782 ; ix 301-2 ; pro-
clamation of (1806), 428 ; alarm of, 430 ;
c of, 431 sqq.; his rule, 434; and
v; Spani^ arsenals, 435; x 207; in Borne,
'>#«##; Bussian journal, xn SIS
'Goduholf, Boris, Tsar* Bee Boris
Taarevich, v 499
Godwin, Sir Henry Thomas, commander
in liimuese ‘ War, xi 742
- — vnr 761; 765; x
700 ; 712; Jwlicc, vr ^6,
vm 767 'TH «q* ,
G6ben, Augu&l i^ppci;;;.Geriniih general, xr
686 sq.; 610
Gdding, retreat of Bussians and Austrians
to (1805), IX 261
Gohlsdorf, fighting at (1813), ix 530
Gohrde, Brench defeated on the (1813),
IX 530
GSidli, George, leader of the forces of
Zurich, n 837
Heinrich, 2Iwingli and, n 307
Gollersdorf, W^enstein at, iv 212
Goens, Byklof van, Butch naval com-
mander, V 695
Gorgei, Arthur von, xi 185 ; career of, 203 ;
and Kossuth, 203 sq., 212; Hungarian
Commander-in-chief, 205; 206; Minister
of War, 207; defeated at Pered, 210; at
Arad, 211; surrenders to the Bussians,
212 sq. ; interned at Klagenfurt, 214
Gorlitz, VI 264; 268; 274; Austrian army
in, 282; 289 sqq.; Macdonald at, ix 525;
Bliicher at, 531
Gorres, Joseph von, Rothes Blatt^ vni 775;
IX 91; editor of Mheinischer Merkutf
577, X 352; ix595; x 160; Athanasius ^
165; 341; and Federal Diet, 347; 350;
353 ; 362; 365; recalled by Ludwig I,
371; ecclesiasticism of, 380; 401 sq.;
XI 49; xn 848
Gdrtz, George Henrik, Baron, Swedish
statesman, v 582; 609; 613 sq. ; vi 26
sqq.; execution of, 34; 104
— Johann Bustach, Graf von Schlitz,
Prussian ambassador to the Hague, vni
286; at Bastatt, 641
Gbru, the Counts of, Venice and, 1 263 sq.
Goes, Bamiao de, Portuguese Beformer, n
414 sq.
Goess, Count, Imperial envoy at the Hague,
V 432
Goesvort. See Wessel, John
Gota canal, xi 684 sq.
Goteborg, Charles IX and, iv 176 sq.;
208 ; 561; attacked by Christian IV,
571; Charles X at, 586, 589; vi 755;
779 sq.; port of, vin 280; threatened by
the Banes, 325; General Moore at, ix
322; industrial college at, xi 684; 685;
fortifioations of, xn 277; University of,
280
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, v 755 ; 763 ;
VI 824 ; 826 sqq,; 832 sqq.; vm 773 sq.;
Napoleon’s interview with, ix 319 ; 335 ;
X 383; and Herder, 386; Gotz von
Berlichingen^ tA, 386 sqq,; Die Leiden
des jungen WertherSf 387 sq, ; 389 ; at
Court of Saxe- Weimar, 389; in Italy,
389 sq,; Schiller and, 390 sqq.; 400; 403
sq.; and Bomantic movement, 407 sqq.;
death of* 410; 411; xi 347; 365; 411
sqq.; 415; 418; 420 ; 424; 430
Gdtter, Baron, Prussian envoy to Vienna,
VI 229
G5ttingen, Wallenstein near, iv 94; 96 sq.;
evacuation of, vi 426 ; Bemadotte marches
from, IX 253; University of, 329, 411,
X 379; students^ disturbance at, 364;
General Index.
369
Bairibund at, 387; Mstorical stnay at,
xn 817, 823, 827
Gotz, Christian, Anstrian general, xr 206
Count Yon, Imperialist general, de-
Yastates Hesse-Cassel, iv 371; 376 sq.;
superseded, 377; 389
Goez, Benedict, in the Pamirs, xn 800;
Goezman, Louis -Yalentin, and Beau-
marchais, vi 358
Goffe, William, regicide, yh 25
Gogh, Vincent van, Dutch painter, xn
249
Gogol, Nicholas, Eussian writer, xi 262;
649 sq.
Gohad, B4jah of, ix 726 sq.
Gohier, Louis Jdrdme, Director, vm 669
sq., 675, 678 sqq. , .
Goislard de Monsabert, French politician,
YHI 110
Ooito, French force at (1701), Y 402;
battle of (1848), xi 86
Gokla, Indian general, xi 726
Golab Sing, ruler of Kashmir, xi 740
Golconda, War of, with Aurungzeb, y 697
sq., Yi 522; Shah Jehto and, 518; 619;
520; 621
Gold Coast, discovery of, by Gomes, i 16;
Dutch voyages to, m 631 sq. ; English
forts on, IV 759; settlement on, v 691;
trade with* vi 187; Great Britain and,
xn 658; 660
Goldbach, French position along the (1805),
IX 260
— secretary to BestuzhedBf, vi 317
Goldberg (Silesia), Poles in, m 78
(BfecMtehtngly Saxons repulsed at,
IV 366
mUrn Book, Teinice, i 273
' BtiB (1^% ’T 367^ |IS56), X 291 sq.
‘ Mmghia qnan:©l with
' •Maximilian I x 446; ni 698; yi 140
Horn, Eussian warsMp in, v 527
Goldenberg, assassinates Prince Kropotkin,
XU' 306 ■'
Goldoni, Carlo, Italian dramatist, vi 606
Goldsborough, Schofield advances on, vn
528; Sherman at, 530
Goldsmith, Oliver, vi 828; 833; x 697;
701; 724 . ,
Goletta, captured by Spaniards, n 69
Golfs Jouan, French fleet in, vni 458
Goliad (Texas), massacre at (1836), vn
Golokhvistof, and Eussian mhn% 3cn 318
Golombo, Oxamlecski defeated at, rv 582
■Gbto®, St Petershm^ journal, xi 625
' , Golovin, ilexandar, Eussian Minister of
: ' .Eduoafon, xi 624; xn 295 ; 299; S15
Count Thwdore, Bussiaa statesman
• , . ’'’and fieid^marshal,. Y 523; 527; M8
;'>'GojQYMn, GahriM ly«ioYicli„ Count, Bns-
' ''''' 'aisjh Gnandi ChanodOor, v 555; yi w 3 , ,
- ;i(>mi.GrSgjttii, » 86j 88
C!ount Joarij, i 437
Golovkin, Count, Eussian ambassador in
Sweden (1728), v 555
, Golovnin, Eemstvo president in Moscow,
xn 327; 329; at the Moscow congreis,
355 sq. ■ .
Goltz, Augustus Frederick Ferdinand,
Major von der, ix 292 ; concludes alli-
ance between Austria and Prussia (1809),
344; X 346
Count Bernard Wilhelm von der,
Prussian envoy, viii 441
— Colmar, Baron von der, German
general (1870), xi 589
■ — * Eoberi Heinrich Ludwig von der,
Count, XI 396; Prussian ambassador in
Paris, 483
Golnchowski, Count Agenor, Austrian
statesman, xi 404; xir 178; 206; 211
Golymin, battle at (1806), ix 284
Gomarus, Franciscus (F. Gomar), in 646
sq.
Gomes, Femam, explores Gold Coast, x
16, 19
Gomez, Buy. See Eboli, Prince of
— — Oarlist general, x 238
Gomez Labrador, Don Pedro, at the Con-
gress of Vienna, ix 584 ; 589, 602, x 211 ;
and the slave trade, ix 614; 662
Gomperz, Theodor, German historian, xn
845
Gongalvez, Antam, Portuguese explorer, x
12 sq.
Gondar, 9‘ames Bruce at, xn S05
Gondi. See Betz
Gondokoro, xn 439; explorers at, W
Gondomar, Di^o Barxniento d*Acuim,Cfen|ttl,
ol ambassador 'to England, m 55#-6i|, '
returns (1620), 567 sq*, iv 34; t
ruled by, m 567 sq-i 574 sq., Xf 626,
640 sq. j Sttd Balegh, 754 «q.
Gsondiin, Ardbbishop of Sens. See Sens
Gonesius, Peter* Polish Beformer, n
637 ,
'Gontaut Biron, Anne- Annand-EHe, Vioomte
de, xn 107
Gonzaga, Marquises and Dukes of Mantua*
See Mantua
Dukes of Kevers. See Nevers
Ereole di, Cardinal of Mantua, *1
the Council of Trent, xE"S 94, ■676"iq|*5" ■
death of, 682
— - Elizabeth di, DuchiW of tJrbino*
Bee Urbino
— Fernando (F«o»alej di, Count of
Guastaila* Govemmr of Sicily, n 70,
m 114; of Milan^ xx Bl, iii 400; and
Piacenza, a S3 sqq.; 68, 268
ymla (wi» of V. Coloana),
Duchess of frsieito, n 33, 390 sq. ; m
109';, 466
— Mary di. Bee Mary di Gonzaga,
Queen of Poland
Vincent di, Duke of Guastalla (1702),
V 40®
Gonzsales, Juan, Spanish Eeformer, n 406
370
General Index.
Braw, Boifl {‘‘Ibraliim Clarete”),'
jotarnaUst^ x 241; wpaBish Minister, xi
S50 sq.; 638; 666; 668; Ministry. of, 569
<3on2alo de Cordofa. S€i CordoTa
Goocli, BanM W., American politician, vn
469
Goodman, Christopher, n 585, 591, 596^
Goodrich, Sir John, British ambassador in
Sweden, vi 770
Thomas, Bishop of Bly, n 517
Goodwin, John, works of, burnt at Oxford,
w807
— - Thomas, Westminster Assembly and,
x? 319; Independent leader, 359
, 'Googe,. Barnaby, iii 367,
■ GooMb, Daniel, and St Brandan^s, Isle, it
756
Gora, taken by PonlatoYski (1809), ix 354
Gorani, Count Joseph, Italian publicist,
■ . 'TUI '778 ■ ■■ ■ ■ ■■■ ^ ■ , ,
. Gor5od«c, by Sackville and Norton, m. 867
Gorchakdil, Alexander, Brince, Kussian
Chancellor, at Vienna, xi 321; 434; and
Prussia, 456, 577; 628; Asiatic policy
of, 630 sqq. ; and Crete, 634 ; and Poland,
660; 843; and Prance, zn97, 141; 138;
343; 387; at Congress of Berlin, 394;
and Eussian advance in Asia, 464; death
of, 313
Prince, removed from Viatka (1908),
2H 376
Gordon Castle, Jacobite rising at, rt 98
riots, V 337; x 622; 625
Alexander, of Auehintoal, Jacobite
gener^, vi 103
— -■ Alexander ■ Gordon, ^ 2nd Duke of
: (Marquis of: VI 98; 102
, Charles George .(^‘Chinese Gordon”),
ji 821; XII 40; in Egypt, 439 sqq,; in
Khartum, 442 sq. ; 444 ; 812
Georgs Gordon, 1st Duke of, v290sq.
Lord George, ni 268, 270; vi 455
Lady Jane, m 274
John, Colonel, at Eger, iv 242
— John B,, Confederate general, vu
540 sq.
Lady Katharine, marriage of Perkin
W^arbeck to, i 469
Lord Lewis, Jacobite, vi 115
Patrick, in Eugsia, v 523
Sir Bobert, x 21; 32
Thomas, Jacobite agent in Bussia,
V 543
— Thomas, colonel, joins the Greek in-
sm^ents, x 182
* Admiral, at Danzig, vi 197
Gordonsville, Confederate army at (1862),
'''Vtt ' 472'
Goree, taken by Dutch (1617), rv 759;
v,60; 179; ceded to Prance (1678), 692;
retained (1762), vr 347, 429; abandoned
to British (1779), 452; ced^ to Pmnoe
S , 464
rin, Euwian Minister of Lateerior,
XU 326 ; S28 ; Prime Minister, 365 sq.; 368
Gorgast, Prussian army at, vi 280
Gorges, Six Perdinando, and the settlement
of Maine, vn 21 sq.; death of, 24
Perdinando (grandson of above), vn
27
Gorham, George OorneEus, Vicar of Bramp-
ford Speke, xi 18
Nathaniel, Massachusetts deputy at
the Constitutional Convention (1787). vii
246, 257, 266, 268, 282, 295, 297
Goria, annexed by Bussia, z 413
Goring, George, the elder. See Norwich,
Earl of
— — Colonel George, Baron Goring, plot
of, IV 289 sq. ; 304; surrenders Ports-
mouth, 305; and Puritanism, 306; 319;
321 ; at Marston Moor, 322 ; 324 ; in the
West, 330 sqq. ; in Prance, 334
Gorka, Andi’eas, Castellan of Posen, n 636;
m 75
Gorky, Afaxim, xn 13; 330
Gorst, Sir John Eldon, Under-Secretary
for India, xn. 45 ■
Sir Eldon, and Egjrptian affairs, xn
450; 436
Gortehakoff, Pierre, Prince, at Shevardino,
IX 494 ; at Bautzen, 519
Goselien, George Joachim Goschen, 1st
Viscount, xn 23 ; 29 ; 36 ; mission of, to
Constantinople, 37; 43; Chancellor of
Exchequer, 45 sqq, ; First Lord of
Admiralty, 52; 403; and Egyptian
Finances, 434
Gosiar, Brunswick-Luneburg Dukes at, rv
408; acquked by Hanover, ix 658
Gospels, The Apocryphal, early printed
editions of, i 613
Gossembrot, Sigismund, of Augsburg, i
324
Gosson, Stephen, iii 372
Gotha, army at, vi 265 ; 266 ; 270 ; “ Union ”
meeting at, xi 221 ; socialist congress at,
XII 153
Gothenburg. See Gotehorg
Gothofredus (Denys Godefroy), French
scholar, i 577
Gothua, Laurentius Petri. See Upsala,
Archbishops of
Gotland, iv 561; ceded to Sweden (1645),
572; West, v 569
Goto, Japanese Minister of Public Works,
XI 861; 865
Gotthelf, Jeremias. See Bitziiis, Albert
Gottorp, ducal line of, iv 563; 572; and
Denmark, vi 736, 741. See also fiolstein-
Gottorp
Gottsched, Johann Christoph, German
critic, r 68; x 384; 396; 406
Gouda, convention at (16X0), m 647 ; the
Princess of Orange arrested near, vm
287
de, papal envoy, in 267
Goudanus {Nicholas Plorii), m 149
Goudehaux, Michel, French politician, xi
26; 99; Minister of Finance, 104; 304
General Index. 3^1
G-ongh, Sir Hugh Gough, 1st Yiscount, in
India, si 738 sqq., 745
Gouj on, Jean - M* - G. - Alexandre, J'rench
politician, Tin 388
Goulard, Marc-Thomas-lug^ne de, French
Minister of Interior, xn 106
Goulbum, Hemy, x 585 sqq.; 615; Chief
Secretary for Ireland, 637; 642; Chan-
cellor of Exchequer, xi 2; 762; 790
Gonrara, French occupation of, xn 129
Gonrgaud, Gaspard, Baron, B’rench general,
at St Helena, ix 757 ; 759 ; xi 102
Gourmont, Gilles de, French printer, i
576
Gournay, Yincent de, French economist,
vm 22, 24
Gouvion, Jean-Baptiate, French politician,
Tin 213
Saint-Cyr, Laurent, French marshal,
YHi 638, 659; withdraws from Otranto,
IX 193; 254; surrender of Kohan to, 258;
takes Bosas, 448; besieges fortress of
Gerona, 454; replaced by Augereau,
457; and the Eussian campaign, 488;
499; at Berlin, 512; 514; guards Dresden,
523; 526, 529; holds Erzgebirge, 530-2;
X 20; 54; scheme of, for army reform,
55; 57; 61; resigns, 62
Govea, Andrd de, at Bordeaux, m 69
GoTemoIo, occupied by King Charles Albert,
XI 88
Govind Edo (of Gujarat), ix 726
Chandra, Eajah of Kachar, xt 730
Gower, Earl. Bee Stafford, Marquis of
George Granville Leveson-Gower,
Lord {afterwarda 1st Duke of Sutherland),
vm 292, 296 ; recalled from Paris (1792),
297 sq.
Gowrie, William (Lord Buthven), Earl of,
ni 550
Goyon, Gharles-M.-A. de. See Feltre, Dae
de
Gozzadini, Giovanni, n 17
Graaf, Begnier de, anatomist, v 731
Graaff-Eeinet, Boers of, surrender, ix 749 ;
district of, xi 778
Grabovski, Stanislaus, Polish statesman,
X 452
Gradenigo, Pietro, Doge of Yenice, i 261,
268, 273
Venetian captain, in 113
Grado, patriarchate of, created, i 267
Gradovsky, Eussian politician, xii 311
Graefif, Cornells de, v 145
Gratz, Imperial Coui't withdraws to, iv
389; seminary at, vi 637; revolntionary
movement at, xi 155; 187
Graf, Arturo, Italian writer, xn 231
Carl Heinrich, German orientalist,
and Old Testament study, xn 846
Gmfenfehde (Grevefeide) (Count^s War),
n 230, 614
Grafton, Augustas Henry Fitzroy, Srd Duke
Of, VI 415; 424; 431; 435 sqq..; and
Bast India Company, 438; 439 ; 442;
. 444; resigns, 447; 448 sq.; Lord Privy
'■ -Seal, 457 ; 459; 463; 467; vn 152, 154,
173 .
Grafton’,. -Charles Fifezroy, 2iid Duke of,
. Lord-lieutenant of Ireland, vi 485
Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of, v 247
Graham, 'Sir Gerald, in Egypt, xn 441
Sir James Bobert George, and par-
■ Hamentary reform, X 603 ; 614; 662 sq.;
. 667 ; 678; Home Secretary, xi 2; and
..Com-' Laws, 3 sq., 9 sq. ; and Factory
Acts, 4 sq.; 7; and Dublin University,
9; 21; resigns, 320; 765
— — John, of Claverhouse, Yiscount
. '.Dundee, 'Dundee
— — General Thomas, See Lynedoch
■Grahovo, Turkish defeat at, xi 636, ifi
■ 414
Grain Coast, trade with, vi 187
Gramido, Convention of (1847), x S39
■ Gramm.ont, . Gabriel de. ■ See ■ TarbeSy'
Bishop of
— - West Indian buccaneer, v 691
Gramont, ' A.-A, -Alfred, Due de, Foreign -
'. ' Minister, xi 493, 578; 495 ;
Grampound, disfranchisement of, x 601;
605
Gran, captured by Ferdinand, n 207 ; Boly-
man demands keys of, ni lOS; sur-
render demanded ' by Solyman from
Ferdinand, 118; taken by Turks, 119;
captured from the Turks (1083), v 363
Peter Pazmany, Archbishop of, r? 75
Granada, conquered by Ferdinand and
Isabella (1492), i 224, 358 sq., 361 sq.;
Treaty of (1500), 124 ; Moors in, ni 493-
4; Philip Y at, vi 166; corps of Sebas-
tiani at, ix 457; kingdom of, 469; tablets
and parchments of, xi 713
— - Ferdinand de Mendoza y Taiavera,
Archbishop of, i 360 ; 651
— Luis de, n 409
- — Pedro Guerrero, Archbishop of, at
the Council of Trent, n 676 sq., 680
Hew. See New Granada
Granby, John Manners, Marquis of, vi
428; 434; Commander-in-chief, 437;
439; 442
Grand Alliance, of 1689, v 35, 57 sqq.;
England and, 249; campaigns of, from
the English point of view, 260 sqq.;
of 1701, formation of, 398 sqq., 403,
VI 9
Gull, captured (1863), tu 503; 559
sq., _
— Eemonstranee, of 1641, rv 295 sqq.
Trunk Pacific Bailway, jxt 608 sq. ;
613
Yezirate, growth of power of, i 101
Grandmaison, Michel (Moreau de), French
revolutionary, vm 682
** Granges,” American political sooietiw
(1872), vn 646, '706
Grania, La, Queen Isabel at, xi 556
Granson, victory of Swiss at (1476), i 391
S72
General Index.
Omni, Charles, Glenelg
James, General, at St Lucia, n 451 ;
at Port J>En|iaesii6, fh 136
James, explores the Kile, xii 809
General Sir James Hope, in India,
» 749
— Glysses Simpson, captures Paducab,
ra 46S; early services of, 494; captures
Ports Henry and Donelson, 495; 499
sqq.; and Yicksburg campaign, 501 sqq.;
proceeds to Chattanooga, 510 sqq.; at
Washington (1864), 514 sq.; and cam-
paign in East (lS64j, 514 sqq.; 527 sq.;
and Richmond campaign, 531, 533 sqq. ;
in Petersburg, 539; Lee surrenders to,
541; in Washington, 545; President of
XJoited States, 631 sqq.; and San
Domingo, 637, 639; character of, 639;
proposed election of {1876), 644, 652 sq.;
xir 21; 95; 689
Grantham, Cromwell at, rv 313
— - Thomas Robinson, Lord, n 75; 149;
Secretary of State, 463
Grantiey, Eletcher Norton, Lord, Speaker
of the House of Commons, vi 443;
. 455
Gran veils, Antoine Perrenot, Sieur de,
Cardinal, Bishop of Arras, n 93; m 34;
114; 134; influence of, in Netherlands,
183 sq., 188, 190-8 ; 218; 221; 227;
counsels murder of Orange, 253; 265;
477; 481; 489; death of {1586), 514
Nicholas Perrenot, Sieur de, Minister
of Charles V, n 240 sq., 243, 250, 253,
258, 280, 208
Granville (of Potheridge), John, Lord (2nd
son of John Granville, Earl of Bath,
cr. 1702, d. 1707), vn 37
John Carteret, Earl (Lord Carteret),
at Stockholm, vi 36 sq.; 39; 44; 71;
enters the Cabinet, 73 ; 74 sq. ; succeeds
Walpole, 235; 238; 394; 396; 405 ; 417;
and Pitt, 420; 424; Lord-lientenant of
Ireland, 485; death of, 428
— Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl,
diplomatist, at Memel, ix 298; negotia-
tions with Russia, 305-6; and Corn
Law of 1815, X 771
Granville George Leveson-Gower,
2nd Earl, vn 671; xi 331; 577; and
Afghan frontier, 632; 633; 801; Colonial
Secretary, xii 23; Eoreign Minister, 28,
36; 31 sq.; 40; 161; and Egyptian
affairs, 436, 438, 440 sq., 444
Graspan, Boers defeated at, xix 642
Grasse, Comte de. See Grasse-Tilly
GrasseiUni, Honsignor, Governor of Rome,
XI 76
Grasse-TiRy, Fran^?ois-Joseph-Paul, Mar-
quis de, French admiral, vi 453 sq. ; 462;
vtt 201
Grassi, Frances-oo, n 83
Grassis, Paris de, i 252
Gratius, Ortnmus (Ortwin de Graes), and
Letters of Obscure Merit t 637 ; n 696
Gratry, Joseph- Alphonse, Oratorian, xi
721; 723
Grattan, Henry, vi 458 sq.; 474; 494;
496; and Irish trade, 497; and Irish
Independence, 498 sqq. ; 502 ; 504 sq. ;
vin 771; and Whig Club, ix 693 sqq.;
retirement of, 700; and Union, 705; 708;
X 574 ; and movement for Catholic
emancipation, 631, 633 sq., 635 sq.; 657
Graubiinden, See Grisons
Graudenz, Frederick William III at, ix
280, 281 ; fortress of, demanded by
Napoleon (1806), 282; investment of
(1807), 284; blockade raised, 285; sur-
render demanded, 291
Gravamina Germanicae NationiSf hy Jakob
Wimpheling, n 29
Grave, falls into Parma^s hands, m 620;
siege of (1602), 636; French possession,
V 43 ■
Pierre-Marie, Marquis de, Minister
of War to Louis XYI, viii 223, 406
Gravel, Balthasar, Abbot of Fulda, iir 178
Robert de, Seigneur de, v 38
Gravelines, interview between Henry Till
and Charles V at (1520), n 42, 417;
battle of (1558), 93, 561, m 184;
engagement with Armada off (July 29,
1588), 313, 315, 507; Anglo-French
Treaty and, rv 440; taken by French
(1644), 597; abandoned (1652), 618 sq.;
ceded to France, 620; the Old Pretender
lands at, vi 103
Gravelotte, xi 690; battle of, 593 sqq.,
600 sq.
Graves, Thomas Graves, Lord, Admiral,
VI 453 ; vn 230
Sir Thomas, admiral (nephew of
above), ix 53
Gravina, Charles, Due de, Spanish ad-
miral, joins Villeueuve, rx 223
Papal Nuncio, x 142, 208
Gravosa, Osuna attacks Yenetians off, iv
632
Gray, John, economic theories of, x 781
Thomas, poet, vi 825; 828; 830;
X 698 sq.; xi 351; 357
William, Bishop of Ely, collector of
hooks, I 597
Boston ship-captain, vn 3*26, 364
Justice (U.S.), xn 714
Gray*s MiR, Prince Charles at, vi 112
Graz. See Grata
Graziosi, Canon, xr 73
Grazzini, Anton Francesco (li Lasca), ni
467 sq., 470
‘‘Great Awakening, The,^* American re-
ligious revival (1740), vn 737
Cfreat Biltato. See England for affairs in
common
Great Contaract, The, m 557
— — Fish River, discovered by Diaz, 1 17;
passed by Gama, 25; vi 189
— St Bernard, Napoleon crosses the
(1800), IX 59, 60
General Indem.
8T8
Orebelt Conrad, Anabaptist, opponent of
iiwingli, n 322
Jacob, executed, n 322
Creece, conquest of, by Ottomans, x 74; 79;
Venetian successes in, v 365 sq.; in-
fiuence of French Bevolution in, Tin
789; and Congress of Vienna, ix 661;
VoL X, Chap. Ti passim; and Con-
gress of Verona, 33 sq., 39; attitude
of France towards, 91, 506; Palmerston
and, XI 18; under King Otho, 277 sqq.;
Tsar and, 312; 313; military revolt in,
533; Alexander 11 and, 634; and Crete,
ib., XII 419 sq., 427 sq.; rupture of,
■with Turkey, xi 636 ; misgovernment in,
639 sq. ; succession in, 641; new Con-
stitution of, 642; brigandage in, 643;
Boumania and, 646; xii 10 sq.; 37;
Oreat Britain and, 43; 304; 381; and
Eusso-Turkish War, 390 sq. ; 393; and
Treaty of Berlin, 394, 398 sq. ; frontier
settlement of, 402 sq.; 406; coast of,
blockaded, 408; and Bulgaria, 411; and
Cyprus, 415; at war with Turkey, 420
sqq. ; and Macedonia, 424, 426 ; and the
European Concert, 72S; 762; researchea
in the history of, 821, 842, 845
dreek, controversy as to the pronunciation
of, I 581; Classics, search for mss of,
549 sq. ; Aldine editions of, 562; early
French printed editions of, 676; Eoman
printed editions of, 566; scholarship,
revival of, 540-2. See also Kenaissance
Greeley, Horace, editor of New York Tri^
hune, vn 425, 577, 590; Presidential
campaign of, 640, 643 sq. ; death of, 653
Green, John Eichard, histomn, xH 840 ^
Thomas Henry, teaching of, xn 765
Cay island, xn 20
Eibbon Club, v 218; 228 sq.
** Greenback** Party, vn 64^ 048, 652 sq.
Greene, Nathaniel, American general, vn
223 sqq., 227 sqq.
Eobert, dramatist and novelist, ni
371, 375
Greenland, fishery disputes in, m 644;
Christian IV and, iv 667 ; whale fisheries
of, VI 49, 181 ; Norway and, xi 683 ; ex-
ploration of, xn 815
Company, America and, rv 749
Greensborough, Jeferson Davis at, vrr
542 sq.
.Greenshields, James, and Book of Common
Prayer, vx 94
Greenwich, Treaty of (1543), m 261
Greenwood, John, in 333, 345
Greg, S., Bussian Minister of Finance,
xn 309
Gregg, William, clerk to Eobert Harley, v
465
Gr^goire, Ernest, Belgian revolutionary
leader, x 537
Henri, Oomte, Constitutional Bishop
of Blois, member of the Convention, vm
'249, 382, 501, 733, 790; ix 182; 186;
X 60, sq. ; motion to annul election of,
. 62; 71; 486; XI 72
■ Gregorios, Patriarch of Constantinople,
execution of, x 183
GregoroviuB, Ferdinand, historian, quoted,
n 19, 25, 28; City of Mome, xii 840
Gregory I, Pope, m 752
VII '{Hiidebrand), Pope, ni 422;
439; 752
IX (CJgoiino, of Anagni), Pope, i
260, 666, 668; n 2
— - XI {Peter Boger de Beaufort), Pope,
opposition to taxation of, i 669
— XII {Angelo Gorrer), Pope, i 268
— ^ XIII (Hugo Buoncompagni), Pope,
1 325; Carranm and, ii 410; John III
of Sweden and, 631 sq. ; m 18; 20; and
Catholic League, 38; 186; and Counter-
reformation, 178 ; attacks Elizabeth,
286 sqq. ; 349 ; 414 ; and Cardinal di
Montaito, 426 sqq.; new Calendar of,
■ ■ 424, 707;, 497; and Ireland, 506 sq.;
Concordat of, with Duke William V of
■: Bavaria, 709; v 494
XIV (Nicolas Sfondrato), Pope, and
the Catholic League, in 50, 659 ; 442 ; 710
XV {Alessandro Ludovisi), Pope,
rescues &esl, iv 22; .fears- Spanish.,
supremacy in Italy, 53 ; 672 sqq. ; death
of, 57, 674
XVI (Mauro Capellari), Pope, the
pontificate of, x 154 sq. ; and Lamennais,
163 sq.; and the Jesuits, 167; and
Prussian marriages controversy, 381 ;
488; and Guizot, xi 37; 67 aq.; 71;
condemns Articles of Baden, 246; 703;
and AntoneUi, 705 ; 716; death of, 70,
also X 168
Saint, printing of the works of,
3XX 445
of Tours (d, 595), i 534
— Sir Augustus Charles, in Austra-
lasia, xi 798
— ~ James, mathematician, v 721
Greifswald, iv 196; siege of {1681), 199,
203 ; a Swedish possession, 404 ; lost by
the Swedes, v 652; Treaty of, vi 26
Greig, Sir Samuel, Eussian admiral, vi
673; vni 325
Greiz, Liberal movement at, xi 149
Gremon'viile, Nicolas Bretel, Sleur de,
French envoy at Vienna, v 38; 349;
351 sq.
Grenada, the French in, r 687; vi 185 «q.;
346; British ocsoupalioa of, 426; ceded
to Great Britain (1763), 428; reduced by
d’Bstaing, 452 ; reteined fey Great Britain
{1782), 464; insurreetion in (1796), rm
484; negroei in, xn 65S; 654; 656
Grenadines, ceded to Great Britain, vi 428
Grenelie, powder factory at, vni 433 ; dia-
afiection at (1796), 504 $q.
- Grenfell, George, African explorer, xu 811
- — John Pascoe, captain in the B^aiiliaa
navy, X 3X6
a74
General Indeos.
Gieai^r, Comte Paul, Frencli general, ix
67 ; marches towards Berlin, 511
CrenoMe, oaptore ol, iii4188q.; Parhments
of, 415, V 4, tin 47 ; protincia! assembly
at, 91; distisrbanees In (1788), 112
(1816), X 60; IX 196
Crentille, George, statesman, ti 424 sqq. ;
and Prussia, 427; 428; smceeds Bute,
460; 461; 434; and John Wiibes, 441;
442; deatli of, 443; tn 147 sqq., 152
James, joint Vice-treasurer of Ire-
land, tr 437
Sir John. See Bath, Earl of
Sir Eiclmrd, and the Revenge, m
319; expedition of, to Virginia (15S5-0),
■■■"TO '3
Sir Eichard, 1st Baronet (grandson
of above), in Munster, iv 624
Thomas, mission of, to Paris, ti 461
William Wyndbam, Baron Grenville,
■ TOi 288* 294; Foreign Secretary, 295 sqq.,
301, 303 sqq., 496, 559 sg., 648 sg., 651;
ministry of, ix 288; 291, 299; and
Catholic Emancipation, 678 ; 680; and
peace, 681; and Pitt, 682; 683; forms
Ministry, 685; resignation of, 686; in-
Suenee of, 687; 690; and Ireland, 697
sgq.; and Canada, 744; x 574; 580; and
the Irish Catholics, 631; 666'
— (Greenville or Gxeynvile), Irish
** Undertaker’* (1686), ni 600
Greppo, Jean-Iiouis, French politician, xi
124; 138; 139
Gresham College, v 740
■ .Thomas, in 211.
.■■Gretser, Jacob, Defemimes, it. 4.
Greuze, Jean-Baptiste, ix ikS; xi 528
Greville, Charles Cavendish Fulke, x 587
Gr4vj, Fran^ois-Panl-Jules, xi 116; 132;
President of the National Assembly,
500; 600; President of the French
Eepnbiic, xn 92; 107; succeeds Mac-
Mahon, 112; 116
Grew, Hehemiah, botanist, t 735 sg.
Grey, Xnady Catharine, n 574; m 534
Sir Charles, General, vin 484
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl, ti 472 ; 476;
Till 759 sq.; succeeds Fox in Foreign
OflSce, IX 271; and reform, 672; 676;
leader of Whig party, 687; 690; and the
Polish revolution, x 474; and Algiers,
502 ; 574 ; attacks Canning, 591 ; Ministry
of (1830-4), 594, 655 sq.; and parlia-
mentary reform, 599, 603, 607 sq., 610,
612; resits, 614; recalled to office, 616;
618; resigns, 663; and dismissal of
Melbourne, 666; 668; and O’ConneE,
- 669 ; 673 aq. ; and Queen Victoria, 678;
XI '755
Sir Geoige, G'Ovemor of Cape Colony,
XI 784 ; 786 ; in South Australia, 792, 795 ;
in Hew Zealand* 794 sqq., 799 sq.
Henry George Grey, 3rd Earl fVis.
eonnt Howick), x, 679; xi 10; Secretary
for Colonies and for War* 14, 16; colonial
•■ policy of, 759 sqq,, 763 sqq.; and Hew
■; Zealand* 796 sq. ^
■Grey, Lady Jane, marriage of, to Guilford
'Dudley, n 510; proclaimed Queen, 514;
arrested, 518, 520 ; executed, 528 ; xn 359
■ Sir John, General, in Gwalior, xi
738
Lord Leonard {8th son of Thomas,
■1st Marquis of Dorset), executed, u 452;
471 ' ■
Sir Thomas, executed, n 528
Thomas, styled Lord Grey of Groby
(son of Earl of Stamford), zv 314
. Thomas Philip de. See Be Grey
William de. See Walsingham, Lord
de Wilton, Arthur, i4th Baron, Lord
Deputy of Ireland, m 265, 298, 598, 602
de Wilton, Sir William, 13th Baron.
n 505 sq., 517, 577
Grey Friars Observants, suppression of, by
Henry VIII, n 441
— Leagues, to Grisons
Greyerz, and Freiburg, vi 625
Gribaldi* Matteo, Italian Reformer, n 393
Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de,
French general, vi 349
Gribovo, Greeks defeated at, xn 422
Griboyedof, Alexander, Russian poet, x
431; XI 614
Gridiey, Jeremiah, American lawyer, to
178 sq.
Grieg, Edvard, Norwegian musician, xn
281
Griff enfeld, Count Peter Schumacher von,
Danish statesman, v 560 sqq. ; 571; 578
Griffin, Thomas, Admiral, vi 538
Griffith, Maurice, Bishop of Rochester, n
531
Rice ap, disaffection of, n 471
Grigorovich, Alexander, xi 614
Grijalva, Hernando di, coast of Mexico
explored by, i 41
Grillenzone, Giovanni, founder of Modenese
Academy, n 386
Grillparzer, Franz, Austrian dramatist, x
407 ; XI 414 sqq.
Grimaldi, Luciano, Prince of Monaco, holds
Monaco against Genoa, 1 129
Napoieone (Genoese admiral, 1380),
i 259
- — Philip II*s agent in Genoa* in 497
Cardinal-Legate at Forli, x 156
Grimaldo, Marquis de, Spanish Minister of
Foreign ASairs, vi 136 sq.; 139; 142;
145; at Paris, 368, 370 ; 371; retires,
374; 375
Grimani, Marco, Cardinal Legate to Scot-
land, II 458
— - — Cardinal Domemoo, n 15
Grimm, Baron Friedrich Melchior, and
Catharine II, vi 678, 698 sq., vra
784 sq. » u .
Jacob, X 379; expelled from Hanover,
■ 380;. 402; 404; xi 49; 164; xn 822 sq.;
General Index.
875
Grimm, William, 2 379; 402; 404; xi49;
xn 822
Grimmelshansen, Christoph von, iv 425
Grimnitz, Treaty of (1529), rv 104
Grindal, Edmnnd, Archbishop of Canter-
■. bury,' in 340 sq., .
Grinevetsky, assassinates Alexander II, xn
310
Gringmuth, Enssian politician, xn 314;
373
Gringore, Pierre, Le Jeu du Fruiee des Sots
et Mere Sottef iz 281
Gripenstedt, Johan A^ngust, Swedish Minister
of Finance, xi 688; 690
Grippenberg, General, in the Eusso- Japanese
War, XII 596 sq.
Griqualand East, Treaty State of, xi 783
West, annexation of, xn 635
Gxisel, Georges, betrays Babeuf conspiracy,
VIII 604 sq.
Grisons, The, ii 806; the Eeformation in,
328 ; m 466, 684 ; Yol. iv, Chap, n passim ;
129; 373; canton of, vi 614; and France
(1798), Yin 640 sq. ; French army in (1800),
1 x 64, 68; XI 234; 236
Gritti, Alvise, iii 109
Andrea, Tenetian general, i 87
Lorenzo, m 115
Grobbendonek, Anthony Schets, Lord of,
siege of Hertogenbosch and, iv 692 sq.
Gaspar Schets, Lord of, in 195
Grochov, battle of (18S1), x 469 sq.
Grocyn, Wiiilam, at Oxford, i 491, 579;
and L. Valia, 602; orthodoxy of, 643
Grodno, Diet of, dissipated, v 555; 594;
Charles XII enters, 697 ; Diet of (1793),
Tm 537 sqq.; province o^ x 420; 440;
Enssian administration of, 459 sq. ;
placed under martial law, 469
Groben, Count Karl von der, Prussian
general, xi 221 ; 230 sq.
Groenewegcn, Dutch colonial leader, iv
755
Groenioo, attempt to capture, hi 628; siege
of (1597), 629
Groll, siege of (1606), ni 638; Dutch cap-
ture of (1627), IV 691
Groimann, Karl Wilhelm Georg von, ix
332 ; XI 50
Gronberg, Imperialist commander, iv 393
Groningen, siege of (1590), in 626; dis-
content in, 634 ; Henry Casimit and, rv
695, 701; Cartesian philosophy and, 789;
besieged (1672), v 43 ; and the Eternal
Edict, 155 sq. ; 160 ; 165 ; Cmversitj of,
IX 417
Groot, Hugo de. See Grotius
— - Pieter de, Pensionary of Rotterdam,
V 156 ; misaion of, to Paris, 156 sqi|-
Groote, Gerard, founder of fraternity at
Deventer, i 434 sq., 627 sq.
Gfoote FrMkgie, granted by Mary of
Burgundy (1477), i 438
Gropper, Johann, Catholic divine* tx 240,
243, 667
Gros, Antoine-Jean, ix 135
Baron Jean-Baptiste-Louis, xi 812;
816; 818; xii 681
Gross, Russian resident at Berlin, vi 319
Gross-Beeren, battle of (1813), ix 526, 528,
530
Grossenbrode, Danish capitulation at, it
102
Gross-Enzersdorf, French troops advance
&om (1809), IX 352
Grosseteste, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, in-
terest of, in Greek studies, i 537, 585-7,
657
Grosseto, fair at, m 393
Grossfriedrichsburg (Guinea Coast), v 647 ;
691
Grosa-Gorschen, battle of (1813), ix 517
Gross-Hennersdorf, Austrians repulsed at,
■ VI 244
GrosS'Jagerndorf, battle of, vi 264, 322
Gross-Kamin, Prussian troops at, vx 281 sq.;
285 sq.' ’ '
Grossi, Tommaso, x 126; xi 545 ; 548 -
Grosswardeiu,, Treaty of (1538), ii 236, 242 ;
■"t. 61;. surrenders to the Turks (1660),
348; Gorgei at, xi 214 ^
— — ^ George Martinuzzi, Bishop of, n 242;
murder of, 268 sq., in 122-3 ,
Pasha of, and Tokoiyi, v 366
Grosvenor, Lord Bobert, xi 339
Grote, George, historian, x 598 ; 655 sq. ;
supports the Poor Law Bill, 662 ; 675 sq.;
XI 250 ; xn 830 ; 838 ; 844
Baron Thomas von, Hanoverian
envoy in London, vi 14
Grotefend, Georg Friedrich, xii 845
Gxoth, Klaus, German poet, xi 414 ; 4M
Grotius, Hugo (Huig van Groot), De Jwe '
Belli et Paeis, z 579; Mare Liberum
‘ (1609), m 644 ; moves resolution in
States of Holland, 648; 650-2, 655,
740, 763, 767; r? 144; mission of,
to Paris, 250, 369 ; 389; and Queen
Christina, 575; works of, 717 sq.; t
745; 754; vm 20; and Gentili, xii
707 sq. ; method of, 709 sqq.
Grottammare, birthplace of Sixtus V, ixx
425
Grouchy, Emmanuel, Marquis de, Mar^al
of France, vm 474, 654; advance of,
on Valence, ix 617; commands cavalry
reserve, 625 ; • 627, 630 ; despatches of,
633 sqq.; responsibility of, 641 sq.; at
Paris, 643
Grudzinska, Joanna (Princess Lovicz), x
436; 448
Griln, Anastasius. See Auersperg, Count
Anton Alexander von
Griineberg Manuscript, The. See Ednigin-
hof
Grdane, Count von der, Austrian adjutanl-
geaeral, xi 398 ; 403
Griisch, Protestant- Venetian party at, rv
52 de Coeuvres at, 58
Gruet, Joachim am, n 322, 375
876
General Index.
Oxaielf, Bolgatian officer, xn 408
Gnambacli, Willielja von, u 190, 274; m
151 sq. ; Grumbrnshsche Mdndel, 151, 172
m-
0rmBbi:ow, 0eneml von, Prnssian states-
man, VI 210
Srandtvig, Kikolai Frederik Severin,
Banish writer, xi 692; 698
Orynaens, Simon, Orthodoxographat 1 617 ;
n B65
Gryphins, Andreas, German poet, v 68
.■Gnadagni,. AbW, in. 24 ■ ■
Guadagnoli, Antonio, Italian writer, xi 545
Guadalajara (Spain), Philip 11 meets Eliza-
beth of Phance at, m 483 ; Eipperda at,
VI 139; Absolutist force marches on
(1823), X 227
(Mexico), Court established at, x 248
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of (1848), vn
397, 426
Guadarrama, canal of, vi 383 ; pass of, Es-
tremaduran army sent to, ix 444; French
troops cross, 445
Guadeloupe, French settlement of, iv 758,
vn 78 sg., 85 ; failure of English attack
on, V 60 ; an English possession (1759-
68), vn 96; ceded to France, vi 428;
captured by English (1794), vni 484, ix
749; recaptured, ib,; restored to France
a , 75 ; blockaded (1804), vn 327; xe-
(1810), IX 240, 752; restored to
France (1815), 653 ; xii 652 ; France and,
656
Guadet, Marguerite Elie, Girondist leader,
vm 214, 231, 249, 256, 271; executed,
357
Guadiana river, Victor halts in valley of,
IX 450
Guaira, Jesuit government in, x 269 sq.
Gualterio, Cardinal, Jacobite agent at
Borne, VI 97
Gualterotti, Francesco, supporter of Savo-
narola, I '154
Guancaveliea, quicksilver mines at, v 682
Guanches, The, of the Canary Islands, i
10 ^
Guanica (Porto Bico), Miles lands at, vn
680'
Guarani Indians, in Paraguay, xn 674
Guararapes Mils, Butch defeat in (1647),
V 675
Guariai, Giovanni Battista, JPmt&r Mdo^
■ in 467
Guarino (da Verona), humanist, 1 543, 546,
,, 550, 558, 562
Guastalla, French victory at, vi 154 ; 366 ;
administered by Moreau dc St M^ry, ix
398; duchy of, assigned to Empress
Maxie-Louise, 602, 660; reversion of,
secured to Infanta Marie -Louise (1817),
X 212
Buko 'oA B$b Gonzaga, Fernando
de
— ^ — Vincent di GoaMga, Duke of.
Gonzaga
Guasto, Count del. See Vasto
Guatemala, administration of, x 248; in-
dependence of, 305 ; State of, xii 672
Guayaquil, Hollanders defeated at, iv 642 ;
X 273 ; and Bolivar, 295 sq.
Guben, Frederick the Great at, vi 288
Guchen, caravan route to, xn 793; 799;
802
Guchk62, Bussian politician, xn 860 ;
.375 'Sq.
Gudmundarsen, David, n 621
Gudbriant, Jean -Baptiste Budes, Count de,
Marshal of France, joins Bernard of
Weimar, IV 375; 379; 381 sqq.; 385 sq.;
difficulties and death of, 388 sq.; 505
Gueffier, French envoy, in Grlsons, iv 45
sqq.; Catholics urged on by, 51; 54
Guelders. See Geiders
Gueifs and Ghibellines, revived in Savoy,
in 401, 412; 438
GiK^ndgaud, Henri, Marquis de Plancy,
French Secretary of State, v 5
Giins, defended against Soiyman, n 218,
m 107
Giinther, Johann Christian, x 385
Guerande, Treaty of (1365), i 393 «*
Guercino, *‘Kmg of the Campagua,” ni
431
Guericke, Otto von, and the air-pump, v
715
Guerin, Gabriel-Ghristophe, ix 135
Pierre-Nareisse, Baron, xi 628
Guerra, Italian brigand, xi 531
Guerrazzi, Francesco Domenico, VAssedio
di Firenze, x 127 ; xi 78 ; and government
of Tuscany, 90 sq.; 94; trial of, 337 sq.
Guerrero, Pedro. See Granada, Archbishop
of
Guesde, Jules, French socialist, xn 119;
123 sqq.
Guest, Lady Charlotte, and MdbinogioTi,
XI 352
Giistrow, recovered by Mecklenburg Dukes,
TV 204
Duke of. See Meckleuburg-Giistrow
Guetaria, French naval victory near, ly
147
Gueugnon, feudal Courts in, vni 49
Gueux de Met, in 203-4, 206 ; 229-30,
237, 239-40, 284, 286, 493, 509
Guevara, Dona Anna de, and Olivares, iv
654
Antonio de, m 548
Louis Velez de, rv 663
Guiana, Balegh’s expedition to, in 562,
rv 754; Butch trade in, ni 633; Butch
colonies^ in, iv 709, 756; Harcourt’s
colony in, 755; the French in, vn 74,
79, 97, 108, IX 576, 653; Great Britain
and, X 520, xi 667
British, xn 653 sq,; and Venezuela,
655, 687, 721 ; government of, 656 sq.
French, and Brazil, xn 655
Guibert, Jacques- Antoine-Hippolyte, Comte
de, IX 280
General Index.
Onicciardi, The, Valtelline nobles, xv 48
Guicciardini, Francesco, Florentine histo-
rian, I 147, 150, 170, 176, 184, 186, 200,
363, 368; n 1, 9, 21, 23 sq,; m 387 sqq.,
457
Connt Francesco, Italian statesman,
xn 228
Piero, I 169, 176
Guiehen, Count de, French naval officer,
Guidal, Maximilien- Joseph, French general,
IX 14; 144
Gnidi, Carlo Alessandro, Italian poet, v 69
Guidiccioni, Giovanni, Cardinal, and the
Jesuits, n 653
Guidoeerius, Agacius, Boman Hebraist, n
17
Gaienne, revolt in, i 396; and the States
General, 399; and the Parlemmt of
Bordeaux, 401; administration in, 403,
407 sq.; English invasion of (1512), 479
gq.; revolts against the Gabelle (1548),
n 96, 492;, IV 613; and Oondd, 614; re-
stored to Epernon, 618
College of, rn 69
Gnieu, Jean-Joseph, French general, vm
582
Guildford, battle of (1781), vn 228 sq.
GuiHord, Francis North, 1st Lord, v 232
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of (Lord
North), VI 377 sq.; 880; 427; 431; joint
Paymaster of the Forces, 437 ; Chancellor
of the Exchequer, 438; 4S9; 442; and
the East India Company, 445, 570 sq. ;
and America, 447; 450; and Ireland, 455;
resigns, 456; 457 sq.; 460 sq.; 463;
Home Secretary, 464 ; 465 sq*; dismiss^,
467; 468; and Irish aSairs, 495, 498 sq,;
501; 581; vn 154; American policy of>
157 sqq„ 161 sqq., 217
4th and 5th Earls. Bee North
Guillemot {Chouan)t shot (1806), xx 136
Guinard, Auguste-Joseph, x 491
Guinea (Biiad Ghana), x 9, 15, 17; slave
trade in, 10, 14 sq* ; colonising of, 11, 16 ;
V 179 ; Brandenburg trade with, 647; 677;
settlements in, 691 sqq. ; Upper Senegal
united to, xn 130
_ Gulf of, xn 807; SIX
— Coast, and the slave trade, vi 187;
Great Britain and, xn 658
* Company (French), v 445; (Eng-
lish), 691 ; VI 173, 533; x 260
Guinegaste, defeat of Louis XI at (1479),
I 391, 413, 443; victory of Henry YIII
(battle of the Spurs) (1513), 140, 467, 481
Guines, captured fey French, n 93, 546;
Treaty of (1520), 416; meeting of Henry
Till and Francis I at, 417; faH of, in
670
— Adrien-Louis de Bonni^of, Due de,
vm 87
©uipuzooa, and Spanish Succession, v S84,
389; fishermen of, vi 344; guerrilla war-
fare in (1794), vm 440
Gnirigay^ Spanish journal, xi 550 sq.
Guise, siege of, ii 92
■ House of, of Lorraine, Diane de
Poitiers and, n 98; the Beformation in
France and, 296-9; in 2, 16, 25, 33;
characteristics of, 262 ; power of, 265-6,
289, 451, 483 sqq., 501 sqq*, 550, 657
BCiq*
Charles of Lorraine, 4th Duke of
(Prince of Joinvllle), and Catholic League,
m 45-50; 397; 517; 659 sqq.; 081; at
La Bocheile, iv 133; rebellion of, 150
Charles de, Cardinal of Lorraine
( from 1550), Archbishop of Eheims, n
83, 91, 93, 98, 294, 296 sq*, 302, 574; at
Council of Trent, 680 sqq,; death of
(1674), m 25; 263; 268 ; 406; 489;
591
Claude of Lorraine, Count of (o/ter-
wards 1st Duke of Guise), n 47; 98
Francis, 2nd Duke of, n 87, 91 sqq.,
98, 297; Triumvirate made by, 300;
invasion of Italy by, 545 sq., 574 ; m
1 sqq.; takes Calais, 184; murder ol
(1563), n 683, m 5
- — Henry of Lorraine, 3rd Duke of,
leader of Catholic League, iii 8-44;
murder of (1588), 45, 415, 452, 511;
170; and English plots, 288, 502
Henry II of Lorraine, 5th Duke of,
Naples and, iv 482, 601, 657
Louis the elder, of Lorraine, Cardinal
of, Archbishop of Sens (d. 1578), m 1
Louis the younger, of Lorraine, Car-*
dinal of, murder of (1588), m 45, 452
Guitry, Huguenot commander, m ^ sq,,
.'27, m
Guizot, Franoois-Pierre-Guillaume, x 43;
andXiouisXTHI,44; 48; 50; and elec-
toral changes, 51 sq*; and baetrinairee, 52
sqq. ; 55 ; 64 ; and new electoral scheme,
68; 67; dismissed from Council of State,
88; excluded from Sorbonae, 78; restored
to his post, 93; writings of, 102, 513;
103; 167; and Bevolutioa of 1830, 476
sqq.; 480; supports Casimir Pdrier, 487 ;
Minister of Public Education, 489 sq.;
493 ; 495 sq. ; recalled to office, 497 sq, ;
and Algeria, 503 sq.; and Mold, 507;
and the coalition against Mold, 508 sq.;
511 ; 516 ; ambassador in liondon, 565 sq.;
and Turko-Egyplian Question, 566 sqq.;
Foreign Minister, 570; 572; Toi. xi,
Chap* XI faesim; 16 sq.; and the Jesuits,
67; and the Opposition, 96; dismissal
of, '97 sq.; 118; Education Act of, 130;
' 131; and Switeerknd, 249, 252; 297;
305; and Spanish mamages, 554 sq*;
707; and CHaa, 812; sn 683; writings
of, XI 524, XIX 831 sq., 849
Gujarat, landing of Turks at, xn 117;
the Dutch in, v 695; annexed hj Em-
peror Akbar, vi 512; Peshwak rights
in, leas^, xx 726; xx 742; Afchsns at,
General Index.
sn
GuMberg^ Ote Hdegh, Banisii statesmaiQ,
¥1735; 749sqq.; 754; fail of, 755; 756;
fin 279; dismissed, 2^
0iiler d© Weineok, Jeaa, i? 49; Grisons
ander, 50 sq*
Galiberg, Christian repulsed from, it 179
Gum Coast, tmde with, vi 187
Gamble, Thomas, Life of Monch rr 659
Gunfleet, English feet at the, t 181, 186 ;
183
(framing, Peter, Bishop of Elj, v 97
Gunpowder Plot, m 555
Gunter, Edmund, mathematician, v 709
Guntera?ille, Hood at, to 524
Gunthorpe (Gundorp), John, Bean of Wells,
books collected by, i 597
Gurkhas, treaty with, ix 718; war with,
.'.■,.732' -
Gurko, Gene 
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11