Provence

Provence (Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south. ^[1]

1825 relations: 'Abdallah ibn Ghaniya, A Good Year, A Good Year (novel), A Little Tour in France, A Year in Provence, Abba Mari, Abbey of St Pons, Abraham Abigdor, Abraham bar Hiyya, Abraham Bedersi, Abraham ben David, Abraham ben David Caslari, Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne, Abraham ben Nathan, Abraham of Montpellier, Académie de Marseille, Acisclus, Admiral of France, Adolf Birch-Hirschfeld, Adolphe Dugléré, Adolphe Thiers, Adrian Brown (musician), Aeolian Singers, Agglomeration community of Pays d'Aubagne et de l'Etoile, Aglandau, Agnes of Babenberg, Aicard, Aiguebelle Abbey, Aigues-Mortes, Aimeric de Belenoi, Ainay, Aioli, Aires Libres, Aix-en-Provence, Aix-Marseille University, Al-Andalus, Alain Ducasse, Alamanno da Costa, Albert Robida, Albertet de Sestaro, Alexandra Cordes, Alexandra David-Néel, Alexandre Louis Lefèbvre de Cérisy, Alexandre Rousselin de Saint-Albin, Alexis Gauthier, Alfonso d'Avalos, Alfonso II of Aragon, Alfonso II, Count of Provence, Alfred Latour, Algerian Six, ..., Alicante Bouschet, Alix, Princess Napoléon, Allauch, Allen Jones (artist), Allium narcissiflorum, Almucs de Castelnau, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alphabet für Liège, Alphonse Daudet, Alpilles, Alpine regiments of the Roman army, Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy, Amalaric, Amélie Beaury-Saurel, Amboise conspiracy, Ambrosian Rite, Anaïs (given name), Anbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi, Ancien Régime, Ancient Diocese of Carpentras, Andalusian classical music, André Abellon, André Beronneau, André Lemonnier, André Montagard, André Salvat, Andrée Le Coultre, Andy Goldsworthy, Angevin Empire, Anglo-Saxon Christianity, Anjali Mendes, Anjou, Anna Jones (businesswoman), Anne Azéma, Anne de Montmorency, Anne Gregg, Anne Kearney, Annot, Antón Lamazares, Antenor of Provence, Anthemiolus, Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations, Anthony Burgess, Anthony of Padua, Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, Antoine Christophe Saliceti, Antoine de la Sale, Antoine de Paule, Antoine Escalin des Aimars, Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy, Antoine-Félix Boisselier, Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova, Aphrodisius, Apt Cathedral, Apt, Vaucluse, Aptian, Arch of Augustus (Fano), Architecture of Provence, Archpoet, Ardèche, Arduin Glaber, Arles, Army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Army of the Var, Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Arnaut Plagues, Arnold of Torroja, Arnold Zimmerman, Arthur Kleinclausz, Arthur Rimbaud, Artistic patronage of the Neapolitan Angevin dynasty, Arverni, Ary Bitter, Arzachena culture, Ashes, Ashes, Assizes of Jerusalem, Attigny, Ardennes, Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence, Auberge de France, Auberge de France, Birgu, Auberge de Provence, Aubrac, Audax Club Parisien, August Grisebach, Augusta Bernard, Augustin Malroux, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Augustin Tuncq, Augustus John, Aups, Authari, Autoroutes of France, Avesnes family, Avignon Exchange, Ève Curie, Édouard-Alfred Martel, Église Saint-Jean-de-Malte, Émile Louis Victor de Laveleye, Émile Ripert, Émile Zola, Éric Caritoux, Étienne de Vesc, Étienne Sved, Évelyne Wilwerth, Žiče Charterhouse, Badnjak (Serbian), Bahir, Bailiff (chivalric orders), Balan-Bale, Balšić noble family, Ballroom dance, Banon cheese, Barbaroux, Barbary pirates, Barbentane, Barberini ivory, Barcelonnette, Baronnies, Barony of Patras, Baroque music, Barremitinae, Barretina, Barthélemy de Laffemas, Barthélemy Hervart, Basmyl, Bastide (Provençal manor), Battle of Avignon, Battle of Capua (1348), Battle of Fraxinet, Battle of Gallipoli (1416), Battle of Malta, Battle of Nîmes, Battle of Pavia, Battle of Staffarda, Battle of the Sesia (1524), Battle of Tours, Battle of Tourtour, Baussenque Wars, Bauxite, Bayons, Béziers, Beaker culture, Beatrice of Savoy, Beaucaire, Gard, Bechukotai, Belmond Afloat in France, Benedetto Antelami, Benoit Benoni-Auran, Benveniste, Bera, Count of Barcelona, Berechiah ha-Nakdan, Berengar I of Italy, Bernal de Bonaval, Bernard Ato V, Bernard Cathelin, Bernard d'Ascoli, Bernard Faucon, Bernard of Gothia, Bernard Palissy, Bernard Poulin, Bernat Metge, Bertran Carbonel, Bertran d'Alamanon, Bertran del Pojet, Bertran Folcon d'Avignon, Bertrand of Les Baux, Best Behaviour (N-Dubz song), Bienvenu de Miollis, Bistro 990, Bitch (short story), Blacasset, Blaise Diagne, Blieux, Blow Up Your Video, Blue Boy (novel), Blueberry (comics), Bolesław III Wrymouth, Boletus edulis, Bonet de Lattes, Bonifaci VI de Castellana, Booyah (stew), Borgo Santa Lucia, Boso of Provence, Boso of Sant'Anastasia, Bouc-Bel-Air, Bouches-du-Rhône, Bouillabaisse, Boules, Bourgois-Sénémaud AT, Bouteillan, Boyer, Brandade, Bread in Europe, Breviary of Alaric, Brian Savegar, Brignoles, Bring a Torch, Jeanette, Isabella, Britannia Coco-nut Dancers, Brousse (cheese), Bugger, Buisson, Vaucluse, Bullfighting, Burj Littan, Cadenet (troubadour), Cairanne, Calade, Calatafimi-Segesta, Calisson, Canaan, Canal de Marseille, Canaveri, Cançó de Santa Fe, Cane Ashby, Canjuers, Cantilena Antiqua, Canyon, Canzone, Capetian dynasty, Capitale & Victor ORLY Gallery, Caprasius of Lérins, Caquelon, Carabinier, Carabiniers-à-Cheval, Caravan to Vaccarès, Cardium pottery, Cardoon, Carduncellus, Carl Adolf Otth, Carol Drinkwater, Carolingian Empire, Carolingians descended from Charles Martel, Carolyn Fairbairn, Carpentras Cathedral, Caslari family, Castellane, Castillonnais, Castle, Castor of Apt, Catholic Church in France, Catholic Church in Vietnam, Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure, Célestin Freinet, Côte Bleue, Celine Dion Parfums, Celtic Rite, Celtis australis, Cernuella, Chapel, Char 2C, Charlemagne, Charles Constantine of Vienne, Charles Debbasch, Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon, Charles Martel, Charles Maurras, Charles Plumier, Charles Rostaing, Charles the Fat, Charles, Prince Napoléon, Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc, Charlie Jazz Festival, Charlotte de Sauve, Château de Chinon, Château de Font-Ségugne, Château de l'Empéri, Château de l'Hers, Château de Pontevès, Château des Baux, Château du Grand-Saint-Jean, Château of 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F. Malan, Dafydd ap Gwilym, Dagfin Werenskiold, Dagobert III, Danièle Rochon, Daniel Pennac, Daniel-Charles Trudaine, Danielle Bleitrach, Dante da Maiano, Dapalis, Dapalis macrurus, Dariole, Dartford warbler, Daube, Dauphiné, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, David ben Yom Tov, David Ginola, David Laws, Dawn-Michelle Baude, Dürer's Rhinoceros, Deborah Lawrenson, Deforestation, Delphine (given name), Delphine of Glandèves, Denis Granville, Dentelles de Montmirail, Denzlingen, Derham Hall and Our Lady of Victory Chapel, Disputation of Barcelona, Divico, Divine simplicity, Dolium, Domaine de Baudouvin, Domaine de Canton (liqueur), Domaine de Terre Blanche, Domaine Henri Milan, Dominique Aurientis, Dominique Dupuy (dancer), Donald Adamson, Donald Maclean (spy), Dorothea Tanning, Douce I, Countess of Provence, Douceline of Digne, Doudou Gouirand, Douglas Cooper (art historian), Drôme, Dual monarchy of England and France, Duchy of Alsace, Duchy of Aquitaine, Duke, Dupuy D-40, Duran Sartor de Paernas, Durance, Dutch units of measurement, Dynamius of Provence, Early modern France, Ecdicius, Economy of Paris, Ectoedemia hendrikseni, Edith Wharton, Edmond Jaloux, Edmond Rostand, Edmund Whitelocke, Eilif Peterssen, Einkorn wheat, Elder House of Welf, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Elias de Barjols, Elizabeth David, Ellen Weiske, Elzéar of Sabran, Emma di Resburgo, Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest, Emor, En chamade, Enchanté, Eneas Sweetland Dallas, Enguerrand Quarton, Ensemble Renaissance, Entrevaux, Epiphany (holiday), Epistolae familiares, Erhard Lommatzsch, Erich von Stroheim, Ermengol VI, Count of Urgell, Ernest Reyer, Ernest Sauter, Eros (concept), Ertel, Estève Garcin, Eudokia Komnene, wife of William VIII of Montpellier, Eugène de Mazenod, Eugène Fidler, Eugène François d'Arnauld, Eugène Terre'Blanche, Eugéne Mayor, Euphrosine, Euric, European Geoparks Network, Eustache de Refuge, Excuse My French (2006 TV series), Falquet de Romans, Farandole, Farfadet, Farmhouse, Farmhouse in Provence, Feather tights, Feral child, Ferdinand Brunetière, Feudalism, Fiat BR.20, Fiat CR.42, Fief, First Crusade, First White Terror, Fish stew, Florence Parly, Folco de Baroncelli-Javon, Fontaine du Roi René, Fontbrégoua Cave, Forbin, Forcade, Forcalquier, Fort Saint-Jean (Marseille), Forza Horizon 2, Fougasse (bread), Fountains in France, Four thieves vinegar, Fra Moriale, François de Beaumont, François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières, François de Chevert, François de Fleury, François de Galiffet de Caffin, François de Linares, François de Malherbe, François de Ripert-Monclar, François de Tournon, François Joseph Paul de Grasse, François Just Marie Raynouard, François Pagi, François Savary de Brèves, François Toussaint Gros, François-Louis de Saillans, France, France–Asia relations, France–Italy relations, France–Morocco relations, Francia, Francis II of France, Francis of Assisi, Francis, Count of Vendôme, Franco-Cantabrian region, Francois Xavier Martin, Frank Barrington Craig, Frank Stitt, Franks, Frans Ykens, Frat Maimon, Fraxinet, Frédéric Montenard, Frédéric Rimbaud, Fréjus Cathedral, Frederick Gore, Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Free company, Free France, French art, French battleship Condorcet, French battleship Diderot, French battleship Mirabeau, French battleship Provence, French battleship Vergniaud, French battleship Voltaire, French cuisine, French destroyer Le Fantasque, French Directory, French football league system, French formal garden, French ironclad Provence, French Marines in Canada, 1683-1715, French municipal elections, 1995, French National Track Championships, French people, French poetry, French Riviera, French ship Héros (1778), French ship Provence (1763), French submarine Mariotte, French tian, French Way, Friedrich Christian Diez, Friedrich von Hausen, Frisian participation in the Crusades, Fritz Stuckenberg, Gabelle, Gabriel Frasca, Gagea mauritanica, Galium minutulum, Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Narbonensis, Gallus Anonymus, Gandolfino d'Asti, Gardens of the French Renaissance, Gardian, Gare d'Avignon-Centre, Garlic soup, Gaspard de Saulx, Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry (military engineer), Gastornis, Gavaudan, Gavotte, Gay Purr-ee, Généralité, Géo Voumard, Gérald Passédat, Gérard Calvet, Gérard Coste, Gérard Locardi, Genetic history of Europe, Genetic history of Italy, Genusaurus, Geoffrey II of Provence, Geology of the Pyrenees, George J. Adler, George Mavrothalassitis, George Psalmanazar, Georges Burou, Georges de Scudéry, Gerberga, Countess of Provence, Gerlesborg School of Fine Art, Gesta principum Polonorum, Giacomo Benevelli, Giardino all'italiana, Gibassier, Gigliato, Gilbert Horal, Gillian Duffy, Giovanni Mazone, Gipsy Kings, Giuseppe Bottai, Glanis, Glanum, Gnosticism, Go Fridge, Godefroy Wendelin, Gondulf of Provence, Gontran de Poncins, Grange Furniture, Great Company (German), Great Continental Railway Journeys, Great Fear, Greek exonyms, Greeks, Green Wheat Field with Cypress, Greenwich Mean Time, Greeting, Grey Goose (vodka), Grignan, Grisélidis, Groß-Gerau, Gui de Cavalhon, Guide Hachette des Vins, Guide to Strange Places, Guilhem de Montanhagol, Guilhem Rainol d'At, Guillaume de Littera, Guillaume de Villaret, Guillaume du Vair, Guillaume III des Porcellets, Guillelma de Rosers, Guillem de l'Olivier, Guiraut d'Espanha, Guiraut de Calanso, Gulf of Lion, Gustaf Sobin, Guy Gavriel Kay, Hachmei Provence, Han Yujoo, Haplogroup E-V68, Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country, Haplogroup I-M170, Haplogroup I-M438, Haplogroup J-M267, Harelle, Harold Ambellan, Harold Gilman, Harold Peto, Harry Rabinowitz, Hart Schaffner Marx, Hautes-Alpes, Hayreddin Barbarossa, Hôtel d'Europe, Helichrysum orientale, Hellenistic period, Henri Bosco, Henri d'Angoulême, Henri Julien (motor sports), Henri Raybaud, Henri Révoil, Henri Sappia, Henri Tomasi, Henry Herbert La Thangue, Henry II of France, Henry Medley, Henry VII of Brzeg, Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Herbes de Provence, Hercule (film), Heston Blumenthal, Hey Na Na, Hilary of Arles, Hippolyte Ferrat, Hippolyte François Jaubert, Hippolyte Hanry, Hispanic, History of antisemitism, History of Avignon, History of California wine, History of Catalonia, History of communism, History of France, History of Islam in southern Italy, History of Paris, History of Provence, History of saffron, History of Sardinia, History of silk, History of the Alps, History of the Basques, History of the Catholic Church in France, History of the Church of England, History of the euro, History of the Jews in France, History of the Jews in Italy, History of the Jews in the Balearic Islands, History of the Jews in the Middle Ages, History of the Jews in Thessaloniki, History of the Netherlands, Hjalmar Haalke, HMS Alarm (1758), HMS Roebuck (1743), Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, Honoratus, Honoré Bonet, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Honoré Muraire, Honoré Tournély, Hortense Diédhiou, House of Barcelona, House of Castellane, House of Dampierre, House of Estienne, House of Grimaldi, House of Valois-Anjou, Hugh Faulkner, Hugh, Duke of Alsace, Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle, Humanitas, Humbert I, Count of Savoy, Hunald I, Hundred Days, Hungarian invasions of Europe, Hungarians, Hypselosaurus, Ialonus Contrebis, Iambic pentameter, Ian Hamilton Finlay, Ibn Tibbon, Ibrahim Shahda, Index of fashion articles, Ingeborg de Beausacq, Ingvar Kamprad, InterContinental Marseille Hotel Dieu, International Wind- and Watermill Museum, Ironclad (film), Isaac Gorni, Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus, Isaac Lattes, Isaac the Blind, Isabella of France, Queen of Navarre, Isarn (bishop of Grenoble), Isidore (inventor), Islam in Italy, Isnart d'Entrevenas, Italian campaign of 1524–25, Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars, Italian classical music, Italian diaspora, Italian exonyms, Italian irredentism in Nice, Italian literature, Italian occupation of France, Italian War of 1521–26, Italian War of 1536–38, Italian Wars, Italians, Italians in France, ITER, Jacob's staff, Jacques Carayon, Jacques Cœur, Jacques de Baroncelli, Jacques Eléonor Rouxel de Grancey, Jacques Loussier, Jacques Pellegrin (painter), Jad Azkoul, Jambalaya, James I of Aragon, James Pope-Hennessy, Jan Standonck, Janet Stewart, Lady Fleming, Jardin géo-botanique, Jared Casey, Jasmin (Paris Métro), Jürgen Henkys, Je te rends ton amour, Jean Baptiste Antoine Auget de Montyon, Jean Baptiste Massillon, Jean Brunet, Jean Christophe Fatio, Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin, Jean de Florette, Jean de Lauson, Jean de Nostredame, Jean Dries, Jean François Carteaux, Jean Gilles (French Army officer), Jean Giono, Jean Joseph Marius Diouloufet, Jean Malaquais, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, Jean Paul Brusset, Jean René Baroux, Jean Roque, Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis, Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès, Jean-Baptiste de Latil, Jean-Baptiste Gaut, Jean-Baptiste Germain, Jean-Baptiste Marie de Piquet, Marquess of Méjanes, Jean-Baptiste Olive, Jean-Baptiste Régis, Jean-Baptiste Reboul, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, Jean-Charles Boisset, Jean-Esprit Isnard, Jean-Guihen Queyras, Jean-Henri Fabre, Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, Jean-Joseph Mouret, Jean-Louis Nomicos, Jean-Paul Favre De Thierrens, Jean-Paul Mauric, Jean-Pierre de Peretti Della Rocca, Jean-Pierre Papon, Jean-Victor Poncelet, Jeanne Calment, Jeanne de Flandreysy, Jeanne de Laval, Jeu provençal, Jewish culture, Jewish name, Jewish philosophy, Joan d'Aubusson, Joan de Cabanas, João Soares de Paiva, Jocelyne François, Johan Esteve de Bezers, Johannes Hoffmann (CVP), John Calvin bibliography, John Duncan Craig, John I of France, John Joubert (composer), John of Parma, John Richardson (art historian), John Traherne Moggridge, John VIII, Count of Vendôme, Jon Anderson, Jon Winroth, Jonathan Torgovnik, Jordan (archbishop of Milan), Jordan de l'Isla de Venessi, Jorge Alderete, José Canaveris, José Echegaray, Josep Irla, Joseph Anglade, Joseph Boniface de La Môle, Joseph Caspi, Joseph d'Arbaud, Joseph d'Honon de Gallifet, Joseph d'Ortigue, Joseph ibn Plat, Joseph Jérôme, Comte Siméon, Joseph Parrocel, Joseph Vacher, Joseph-Alphonse-Omer de Valbelle, Josse Lieferinxe, Judaeo-Romance languages, Jules Bourgeois, Jules Dumont d'Urville, Jules Pierre Fourreau, Jules-François-Paul Fauris de Saint-Vincens, Julia Child, Julian the Hospitaller, Julie d'Aubigny, July Monarchy, Just Like Brothers, Kalonymus ben Kalonymus, Karl Bartsch, Kaze 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Sydow, Maxime de la Falaise, Mâcon, Mémoires de deux jeunes mariées, Medieval antisemitism, Medieval commune, Medieval dance, Medieval demography, Medieval French literature, Medieval music, Medieval weights and measures, Mediterranean campaign of 1798, Mediterranean cuisine, Menton, Merian family, Merovingian dynasty, Mesclun, Michael Antoine Garoutte, Michael Blower, Michael de Larrabeiti, Michèle Mouton, Michel Mercier (hairdresser), Michel Serre, Middle Francia, Miles of Marseilles, Military history of France, Military order (monastic society), Mimi Parent, Miniature (illuminated manuscript), Minor campaigns of 1815, Miquèu Tronc, Mirèio, Mireille (opera), Miss Earth 2014, Miss France 1997, Miss France 2009, Miss France 2010, Miss France 2011, Miss France 2014, Miss France 2015, Miss France 2016, Miss France 2017, Miss France 2018, Mistral (wind), Molinard, Monic Cecconi-Botella, Monophony, Mons, Var, Monsieur (novel), Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue, Mont Ventoux, Montan (troubadour), Monte Viso Tunnel, Montmajour Abbey, Montmeyan, Moraga Estate, Morgan le Fay, Moses ibn Tibbon, Moshe Provençal, Motorbike Odyssey, Mougins, Moulin de Mougins, Mourvèdre, Mummolus, Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Marseille, Museon Arlaten, Muslim settlement of Lucera, My Father's Glory, My Life in France, Nachmanides, Nala Damajanti, Nana on a Dolphin, Nancy Wynne-Jones, Nathanael ben Nehemiah Caspi, National Liberation Front of Provence, Nativity scene, Nîmes–Alès–Camargue–Cévennes Airport, Neapolitan campaigns of Louis the Great, Necropolis of Li Muri, Nesque, Next Year in Zion, Niccolò Antonio Colantonio, Nice, Nicetius of Provence, Nicholas Pumfrey, Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden, Nico Ladenis, Nicola Rosini Di Santi, Nicolas Chorier, Nicolas Tikhomiroff, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, Nina George, Nine Coaches Waiting, Nine Years' War, Nizza Monferrato, Noir austral, Nostradamus, Notre-Dame de la Garde, Oberto Doria, Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Pakistan, Occitan cross, Occitan language, Occitan literature, Occitania, Occitano-Romance languages, Ochre, Old French, Old Occitan, Olegarius, Olga Albizu, Olive, Olive Trees (Van Gogh series), Olivia Winters, Olivier salad, Olympique de Marseille, Ontario wine, Opactwo, Masovian Voivodeship, Operation Achse, Oppède, Orange, Vaucluse, Order of Hermes (Ars Magica), Order of Saint James of Altopascio, Order of the Holy Ghost, Ordre du Croissant, Orientalism in early modern France, Orus Apollo, Oryol i Reshka, Ostrogothic Kingdom, Ostrogoths, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540), Pactum Warmundi, Padania national football team, Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series), Palamède de Forbin, Palamedes (Arthurian legend), Paleo-Sardinian language, Palma de Mallorca, Pamela Ascherson, Pan bagnat, Papal conclave, 1294, Papal conclave, 1314–16, Papal States, Parc du 26e Centenaire, Paris under Louis-Philippe, Parlement, Parliament of Aix-en-Provence, Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partizione delle Alpi, Parzival, Passion of Mind, Pasteur de Sarrats, Pastis, Patience Gray, Patrice Jeener, Patricia Wells, Patrick Conrad, Paul Barras, Paul Cézanne University, Paul Gondard, Paul Gourret, Paul Guigou, Paul René Gauguin, Paul the Venetian, Paul-Thérèse-David d'Astros, Paulet de Marselha, Pays d'états, Pépé le Moko, Pétanque, Peire Bremon Ricas Novas, Peire de Castelnou (troubadour), Peire de Valeira, Peire Guilhem de Luserna, Penicuik, Penitent Magdalene (Titian, 1533), Peony, Pepin the Short, Perceval Doria, Perceval, the Story of the Grail, Percy Horton, Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film), Pergamino, Persillade, Pescado frito, Pesto, Peter Mayle, Peter of Benevento, Peter of Bruys, Peter Turnley, Petrarca-Preis, Philip II, Duke of Savoy, Philippe Jaccottet, Philippe Mouskes, Philippe Perrin, Philippe Solari, Picholine, Pieds paquets, Pier Maria III de' Rossi, Pierre & Vacances, Pierre André de Suffren, Pierre André Pourret, Pierre Blaise, Pierre Bottero, Pierre Chapo, Pierre de Castelnau, Pierre Deval, Pierre Gaspard (mountaineer), Pierre Gassendi, Pierre Gros, Pierre Jean Porro, Pierre Joseph Garidel, Pierre Magnol, Pierre Patrix, Pierre Révoil, Pierre Segrétain, Pierre Villette, Pierre Yovanovitch, Pierre-Antoine Antonelle, Pierre-François Godard de Beauchamps, Pierre-Gabriel Buffardin, Pieve Vergonte, Pink, Pisa, Pistoleta, Pistou, Pizza, Place Castellane, Plionarctos, Podestà, Polish exonyms, Pompeia Plotina, Pons de Capduelh, Pons de Monlaur, Pons, Count of Toulouse, Pont Flavien, Pont sur la Laye, Poor Catholics, Pope Boniface IX, Pope Innocent VIII, Pope Innocent XI, Port-Cros, Portuguese literature, Pourcieux, Praetorian prefecture of Gaul, Pre-Nuragic Sardinia, Prehistoric Italy, Prehistory of France, Priamo Leonardi, Primary texts of Kabbalah, Prince, Principality of Orange, Processional giants and dragons in Belgium and France, Proença-a-Nova, Proletarian literature, Prosper Marilhat, Provençal, Provençal dialect, Provençal markets, Provence (disambiguation), Provence Alps and Prealps, Provence Donkey, Provence football team, Provence Honey, Provence wine, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Province (disambiguation), Provinces of France, Purim, Puyricard, Pyroraptor, Rabbeinu Tam, Rabbenu Yerucham, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, Raimon d'Avinhon, Raimon de las Salas, Raimon de Tors de Marseilha, Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes, Ralph Rumney, Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, Rashi, Ratatouille, Ratherius, Raymond Berengar (Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller), Raymond Berengar of Andria, Raymond de Fauga, Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, Raymond Maufrais, Raymond Normand, Raymond of Aguilers, Raymond the Palmer, Réveillon, Red kuri squash, Regional literature of France, Regions of France, Renaissance, René Barjavel, René Beeh, René Char, René Fauchois, René II, Duke of Lorraine, René of Anjou, René of Savoy, René Poupardin, Reproduction and life cycle of the golden eagle, Resin extraction, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Ricau de Tarascon, Richard Aldington, Richard de Millau, Richard Guino, Richard Jeranian, Richard of Dover, Richard Olney (food writer), Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Ridley Scott, Rigaudon, Rishonim, Robèrt Lafont, Robert Carrier (chef), Robert J. Goldston, Rochefort-du-Gard, Roger II Trencavel, Roger-Bernard I, Count of Foix, Rohan Hours, Rolnicka Praha, Roman Catholic Diocese of Glandèves, Roman Catholic Diocese of Orléans, Roman Catholic Diocese of Vence, Roman Republican governors of Gaul, Romanesque architecture, Romanesque architecture in Sardinia, Romée de Villeneuve, Ron Atkinson, Ronald Searle, Rosé, Roseline de Villeneuve, Roselyne Sibille, Rostanh de Merguas, Rouille, Roure, Roussanne, Route nationale 7, Roux de Marcilly, Roy Campbell (poet), Royal Italian Army during World War II, Rudolph II of Burgundy, Rugby union in Andorra, Rugby union in Spain, Rule of the Dukes, Saboulin Bollena, Saignon, Saint Giles, Saint Pantaleon, Saint Vincent of Digne, Saint-Gilles, Gard, Saint-John Perse, Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche, Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, Saint-Paul Asylum, Saint-Rémy (Van Gogh series), Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux Cathedral, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Saint-Tropez, Sakina Karchaoui, Salon-de-Provence, Salonenque, Salting Madonna, Sam A. LeBlanc III, Samuel ben Isaac ha-Sardi, Samuel ibn Tibbon, Samuel Kansi, Samuel Sarfati, San Anton Palace, San Fratello, Sanary-sur-Mer, Sanchia of Provence, Santa Maria, Uta, Santon (figurine), Sapho (Massenet), Sardenara, Sardinia, Sardinian language, Sasha Chorny, Savoy, Savoyard crusade, Saxons, Sénanque Abbey, Scania, Se Canta, Second Crusade, Sefer Hamitzvot, Senyera, Septem Provinciae, Septimania, Serbian consulate in Bitola, Sestina, Seventh Crusade, Shabby chic, Shen Kuo, Shiraz wine, Sholto Johnstone Douglas, Shuadit, Siamese embassy to France (1686), Siege of Cuneo (1691), Siege of Figueras (1811), Siege of Tripoli, Silvacane Abbey, Simcha of Rome, Simone de' Prodenzani, Soap, Socialist Party (France), Société des Eaux de Marseille, Sofia Vokalensemble, Sofitel Buenos Aires, Solomon Abigdor, Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier, Sordello, Sos del Rey Católico, Southern League, Spanish exonyms, Spanish Realist literature, Sparkling wine, Speleomantes, Sphaerechinus granularis, SS Empire Duke, St Giles, London, Stavraton, Stéphane Froidevaux, Stéphane Tréand, Step Across the Border (soundtrack), Stephen Lekapenos, Stew, Stranger by the Lake, Street names of Bloomsbury, Street names of Fitzrovia, Street names of Soho, Style of the French sovereign, Succession to the French throne, Suzanne Balkanyi, Sybille Bedford, Synod of Mantaille, Syracuse Orange men's basketball, Tableaux de Provence, Tagelied, Taifa of Murcia, Taille, Tambourin, Tapenade, Tarascon, Tarasque, Task Force 88 (United States Navy), Tende, Territorial evolution of France, TGV, Thalys, Théodore Aubanel, The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy, The Cantos, The Card Players, The Confessor (novel), The Crying Woman, The Debt to Pleasure, The Demise of Father Mouret, The Dream of Scipio (novel), The Floure and the Leafe, The Horseman on the Roof (novel), The Impressionists (TV series), The Malediction, The Man Who Planted Trees, The Other Side of Paradise (film), The Provençal Tales, The Seagull (poem), The Solitude of Compassion, The Three Marys, The Tumult of Bologna, The Water of the Hills, The Wild Girl, The World My Wilderness, The World of William Clissold, Theodore E. Chandler, Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum, Thirteen desserts, Thomas Allibone Janvier, Thomas Billon, Thomas III, Marquess of Saluzzo, Thomas Keller, Thomas Wyse, Thore Heramb, Tibors de Sarenom, Tigurini, Timber framing, Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, Timeline of architecture, Timeline of German history, Timeline of historical geopolitical changes, Timeline of Marseille, Todd Webb, Toni (1935 film), Torchitorio of Gallura, Tornada (Occitan literary term), Tortell, Toulon, Toum, Tour La Provence, Tour Royale, Toulon, Tourrettes, Var, Tourtour, Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux, Treaties between Rome and Carthage, Treatise on the Left Emanation, Treaty of Corbeil (1258), Treaty of Meerssen, Treaty of Prüm, Treaty of Ribemont, Treaty of Verdun, Tricastin, Tripe, Trogir, Trophée des Alpilles, Trophime Bigot, Trophimus of Arles, Troubadour, Tuber melanosporum, Tuile, Tuscany, Two Fat Ladies, Typha × provincialis, Ubayd Allah ibn al-Habhab, Ubaye Valley, Uc de Pena, Uc de Saint Circ, Ugnelė, Ulmus minor, Umayyad conquest of Hispania, Umayyad invasion of Gaul, Une petite française, Union of Aix, Units of measurement in France, Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution, Université Européenne des Senteurs & Saveurs, Up! (album), Upper Burgundy, Urban Community of Marseille Provence Métropole, USS Anne Arundel (AP-76), USS Auk (AM-57), USS Hobson (DD-464), USS Mainstay (AM-261), USS Narragansett (AT-88), USS Thomas Jefferson (APA-30), Vaison-la-Romaine, Val d'Enfer, Valbonne, Valence (city), Van Day Truex, Var (department), Variraptor, Vasco-Cantabria, Vaugines, Vaunage, Víctor Balaguer i Cirera, Venetian–Genoese wars, Vercingetorix, Verdon Gorge, Vergonha, Vermentino, Verquières, Verveine du Velay, Vgo (stonemason), Victor Ardisson, Victor d'Hupay, Victor Leydet, Victor Orly, Victor-Auguste Gauthier, Viguerie, Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild, Villa La Coste, Village des Bories, Village perché, Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone, Vincent and the Doctor, Vincent Delpuech, Vincent Dutrait, Vincent-Marie Viénot, Count of Vaublanc, Violant of Bar, Violet (color), Virgilius of Arles, Visigothic Kingdom, Visio Karoli Grossi, Vulgar Latin, Wacław Zawadowski, Waldalenus, Waldensians, Wamba (king), War of the Austrian Succession, War of the Flemish Succession, Wasp (2015 film), Water jousting, Watercolour Challenge, Waverton Good Read Award, Władysław II the Exile, WEST (formerly Tore Supra), Wheat Field with Cypresses, White wine, Wifipicning, Wilfred the Hairy, William Chase (entrepreneur), William I of Baux, William I of Cagliari, William I, Viscount of Béarn, William III, Count of Toulouse, William of Gellone, William St Julien Arabin, Willibad, Willy Eisenschitz, Willy Ronis, Wimborne St Giles, Wine label, Winifred Fortescue, Winter of 2009–10 in Europe, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Wood economy, Written on Skin, X-Rated Fusion, Xerocrassa geyeri, Yasuo Mizui, Yolande Ardissone, Yossi Zivoni, Yule log, Zajal, Zazie Restaurant, Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona, Zerynthia polyxena, Zinzolin, 01.007 Fighter Squadron "Provence", 1014, 1090, 1113–15 Balearic Islands expedition, 1125, 1178, 1180s in poetry, 1197, 11th Alpini Regiment, 1220 in poetry, 1226, 1247 in poetry, 1340s, 16th century, 1727 in art, 1840 in art, 1909 Provence earthquake, 1912 in literature, 1925 Grand Prix season, 1926 Grand Prix season, 1927 Grand Prix season, 1932 Grand Prix season, 1933 Grand Prix season, 1992–93 French Division 1, 2000 Tour de France, 2008 Viva World Cup, 2013 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11, 2015 Tour du Haut Var, 2017 Toulon Tournament, 2017 Toulon Tournament squads, 2018 Toulon Tournament, 2018 Toulon Tournament squads, 471, 475, 476, 508, 510, 524, 536, 568, 591, 5th Alpine Division Pusteria, 721, 734, 736, 737, 739, 768, 794, 806, 855, 863, 890, 897, 902, 905, 924, 928, 935, 945, 954. 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'Abdallah ibn Ghaniya

'Abdallah ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ghaniya, known as 'Abdallah ibn Ghaniya (عبد الله بن غانية) (died 1203) was a member of the Banu Ghaniya dynasty who fought against the Almohad Caliphate in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.

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A Good Year

A Good Year is a 2006 British-American romantic comedy directed and produced by Ridley Scott.

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A Good Year (novel)

A Good Year is a 2004 novel by English writer Peter Mayle, author of A Year in Provence and Chasing Cézanne.

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A Little Tour in France

A Little Tour in France is a book of travel writing by American writer Henry James.

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A Year in Provence

A Year in Provence is a 1989 best-selling memoir by Peter Mayle about his first year in Provence, and the local events and customs.

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Abba Mari

Abba Mari ben Moses ben Joseph, was a Provençal rabbi, born at Lunel, near Montpellier, towards the end of the 13th century.

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Abbey of St Pons

The Abbey of Saint Pons (Abbaye Saint-Pons de Nice.) is one of the oldest monasteries on the French Riviera, along with Lérins Abbey.

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Abraham Abigdor

Abraham Abigdor (also rendered as Abraham Avigdor), born 1350, was a Jewish physician, philosopher, kabbalist, and translator.

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Abraham bar Hiyya

(1070 Barcelona, Catalonia – 1136 or 1145 Narbonne, France) was a Jewish mathematician, astronomer and philosopher, also known as Savasorda (from the Arabic صاحب الشرطة Ṣāḥib al-Shurṭa "Chief of the Police") or Abraham Judaeus.

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Abraham Bedersi

Abraham Bedersi was a Provençal Jewish poet; he was born at Béziers (whence his surname Bedersi, or native of Béziers).

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Abraham ben David

Abraham ben David (– 27 November 1198), also known by the abbreviation RABaD (for Rabbeinu Abraham ben David) Ravad or RABaD III, was a Provençal rabbi, a great commentator on the Talmud, Sefer Halachot of Rabbi Yitzhak Alfasi and Mishne Torah of Maimonides, and is regarded as a father of Kabbalah and one of the key and important links in the chain of Jewish mystics.

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Abraham ben David Caslari

Abraham ben David Caslari was a Spanish-Jewish physician.

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Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne

Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne (c. 1110 – 1158) was a Provençal rabbi, also known as Raavad II, and author of the halachic work Ha-Eshkol (The Cluster).

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Abraham ben Nathan

Abraham ben Nathan (אברהם בן נתן) was a Provençal rabbi and scholar born in the second half of the 12th century, probably at Lunel, Languedoc, where he also received his education.

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Abraham of Montpellier

Abraham ben Yitzchak of Montpellier, also known as Avraham min haHar (lit. "Abraham from the mountain") (d. 1315) is known as a commentator on the greater part of the Talmud.

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Académie de Marseille

The Académie de Marseille, officially the Académie des sciences, lettres et arts de Marseille, is a French learned society based in Marseille.

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Acisclus

Saint Acisclus (also Ascylus, Ocysellus; Acisclo; Aciscle) (died 304) was a martyr of Córdoba, in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, i.e., modern Portugal and Spain).

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Admiral of France

Admiral of France (Amiral de France) is a French title of honour.

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Adolf Birch-Hirschfeld

Adolf Birch-Hirschfeld (1 October 1849, in Kiel – 11 January 1917, in Gautzsch) was a German medievalist and Romance scholar.

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Adolphe Dugléré

Adolphe Dugléré (3 June 1805 in Bordeaux – 4 April 1884 in Paris) was a French chef and a pupil of Marie-Antoine Carême.

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Adolphe Thiers

Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian.

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Adrian Brown (musician)

Adrian Brown (born 1949) is a British conductor.

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Aeolian Singers

The Aeolian Singers, president Peter Skellern, musical director Stephen Jones, rehearsal pianist Anna Le Hair, was established in 1963.

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Agglomeration community of Pays d'Aubagne et de l'Etoile

The Agglomeration community of Pays d'Aubagne et de l'Etoile (Communauté d'agglomération Pays d'Aubagne et de l'Etoile), is a former intercommunal structure joining the communes near Aubagne in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

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Aglandau

The Aglandau is one of the more important of approximately a hundred cultivars of olives in France.

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Agnes of Babenberg

Not to be confused with Agnes of Brandenburg Agnes of Babenberg (Agnes von Babenberg, Agnieszka Babenberg; b. ca. 1108/13 – d. 24/25 January 1163), was a German noblewoman, a scion of the Franconian House of Babenberg and by marriage High Duchess of Poland and Duchess of Silesia.

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Aicard

Aicard of Marseilles (1040 – 1113), also known as Aicard of Arles or simply Aicard, was the Archbishop of Arles from 1070 to 1080 and again from 1107 to his death.

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Aiguebelle Abbey

Aiguebelle Abbey (Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Aiguebelle) is a Trappist monastery situated in the communes of Montjoyer and Réauville in the département of Drôme, on the borders of the Dauphiné and of Provence, France.

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Aigues-Mortes

Aigues-Mortes (Aigas Mòrtas) is a French commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

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Aimeric de Belenoi

Aimeric de Belenoi (fl. 1215–1242 22.) was a Gascon troubadour.

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Ainay

Ainay is an area within the Presqu'ile district in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon, to the south of Place Bellecour and the north of Perrache.

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Aioli

Aioli or aïoli (or; Provençal alhòli or aiòli; allioli) is a Mediterranean sauce made of garlic and olive oil; some regions use other emulsifiers such as egg or cranberries.

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Aires Libres

Aires Libres is a free, multidisciplinary music festival created in 2005 in Marseille (France) by the French collective "A L'unisson".

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Aix-en-Provence

Aix-en-Provence (Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm, or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm,, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix (medieval Occitan Aics), is a city-commune in the south of France, about north of Marseille.

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Aix-Marseille University

Aix-Marseille University (AMU; Aix-Marseille Université; formally incorporated as Université d'Aix-Marseille) is a public research university located in Provence, southern France.

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Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus (الأنْدَلُس, trans.; al-Ándalus; al-Ândalus; al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain, Muslim Iberia, or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal.

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Alain Ducasse

Alain Ducasse (born 13 September 1956) is a French-born Monégasque chef.

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Alamanno da Costa

Alamanno da Costa (active 1193–1224, died before 1229) was a Genoese admiral.

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Albert Robida

Albert Robida (14 May 1848 – 11 October 1926) was a French illustrator, etcher, lithographer, caricaturist, and novelist.

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Albertet de Sestaro

Albertet de Sestaro, sometimes called Albertet de Terascon (fl. 1194–1221), was a Provençal jongleur and troubadour from the Gapençais (Gapensés in Occitan).

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Alexandra Cordes

Alexandra Cordes (real name Ursula Horbach, née Schaake, 16 November 1935 – November 1986) was a prolific German writer of mainly romantic fiction, many of whose books were best-sellers.

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Alexandra David-Néel

Alexandra David-Néel (born Louise Eugénie Alexandrine Marie David; 24 October 1868 – 8 September 1969) was a Belgian–French explorer, spiritualist, Buddhist, anarchist and writer.

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Alexandre Louis Lefèbvre de Cérisy

Alexandre Louis Lefebvre de Cérisy (14 November 1798, Paris – 2 December 1867, le Bouchevilliers, near Gisors) was a French entomologist.

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Alexandre Rousselin de Saint-Albin

Alexander Charles Omer Rousselin de Corbeau, comte de Saint Albin (17731847) was a French politician.

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Alexis Gauthier

Alexis Pascal Gauthier (born 24 June 1973) is a French chef.

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Alfonso d'Avalos

Alfonso d'Avalos d'Aquino, VI marquis of Pescara and II of Vasto (1502 – 31 March 1546), was a condottiero of Spanish-Italian origin.

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Alfonso II of Aragon

Alfonso II (1–25 March 1157Benito Vicente de Cuéllar (1995),, p. 630-631; in Hidalguía. XLIII (252) pp. 619–632."Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". Cfr. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars (1980).. Universitat Barcelona, p. 546.,.Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1987).. Zaragoza: Anúbar, § "El nacimiento y nombre de Alfonso II de Aragón".. – 25 April 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and, as Alfons I, the Count of Barcelona from 1164 until his death.

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Alfonso II, Count of Provence

Alfonso II (1180 – February 1209) was the second son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile.

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Alfred Latour

Alfred Latour (1888, Paris – 1964, Eygalières) was a French painter and engraver who also worked extensively as a graphic designer and as an advertiser.

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Algerian Six

The Algerian Six were six Bosnian men (five of whom had dual nationality), all born in Algeria, who were imprisoned without charges at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba from January 2002.

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Alicante Bouschet

Alicante Bouschet or Alicante Henri Bouschet is a wine grape variety that has been widely cultivated since 1866.

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Alix, Princess Napoléon

Alix, Princess Napoléon (née de Foresta; born 4 April 1926) was the wife of Louis, Prince Napoléon, claimant to the Imperial throne of France of the House of Bonaparte from 1926 until his death.

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Allauch

Allauch (Alaug in Occitan) is a French commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France.

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Allen Jones (artist)

Allen Jones (born 1 September 1937) is a British pop artist best known for his paintings, sculptures, and lithography.

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Allium narcissiflorum

Allium narcissiflorum is a European species of wild onion native to northwestern Italy (Piemonte and Liguria), southwest France (Provence and Dauphiné) and northern Portugal.

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Almucs de Castelnau

Almucs de Castelnau or Castelnou (c. 1140 – pre-1184) was a trobairitz, that is a female troubadour, from a town near Avignon in Provence.

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Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (Occitan: Aups d'Auta Provença) is a French department in the south of France, it was formerly part of the province of Provence.

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Alphabet für Liège

Alphabet für Liège, for soloists and duos, is a composition (or a musical installation) by Karlheinz Stockhausen, and is Work Number 36 in the composer's catalog of works.

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Alphonse Daudet

Alphonse Daudet (13 May 184016 December 1897) was a French novelist.

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Alpilles

The Chaîne des Alpilles is a small range of low mountains in Provence, southern France, located about south of Avignon.

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Alpine regiments of the Roman army

The Alpine regiments of the Roman army were those auxiliary units of the army that were originally raised in the Alpine provinces of the Roman Empire: Tres Alpes, Raetia and Noricum.

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Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy

Amadeus IV (1197 – 24 June 1253) was Count of Savoy from 1233 to 1253.

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Amalaric

Amalaric (Gothic: *Amalareiks), or in Spanish and Portuguese, Amalarico, (502–531) was king of the Visigoths from 511 until his death in battle in 531.

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Amélie Beaury-Saurel

Amélie Beaury-Saurel (1849 – May 30, 1924) was a French painter noted for portraiture.

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Amboise conspiracy

The Amboise conspiracy, also called Tumult of Amboise, was a failed attempt by Huguenots in 1560 to gain power over France by abducting the young king Francis II and arresting Francis, Duke of Guise and his brother, the Cardinal of Lorraine.

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Ambrosian Rite

The Ambrosian Rite, also called the Milanese Rite, is a Catholic liturgical Western rite.

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Anaïs (given name)

Anaïs, Anaís or Anais,, is a female given name.

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Anbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi

ʿAnbasa ibn Suḥaym al-Kalbi was the Muslim wali (governor) of al-Andalus, from 721 to 726.

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Ancien Régime

The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.

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Ancient Diocese of Carpentras

Carpentras (Lat. dioecesis Carpentoratensis) was a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Provence region (later part of France), from the later Roman Empire until 1801.

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Andalusian classical music

Andalusian classical music (طرب أندَلُسي, trans. ṭarab andalusi, música andalusí) is a style of Arabic music found in different styles across the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, and to a lesser degree in Tunisia and Libya in the form of the Ma'luf style).

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André Abellon

Blessed André Abellon (1375 - 15 May 1450) was a French Roman Catholic priest and a professed member from the Order of Preachers.

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André Beronneau

André Beronneau (1886–1973) was a French painter active during the first half of the 20th century.

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André Lemonnier

André-Georges Lemonnier (born February 23, 1896 in Guingamp, died on May 30, 1963 at La Glacerie) was a French admiral.

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André Montagard

André Montagard (1888 - February 28, 1963) was a French songwriter and poet.

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André Salvat

André Salvat (16 May 1920 – 9 February 2017) was a colonel in the French Army.

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Andrée Le Coultre

Andrée Le Coultre (1917 – 6 July 1986) was a French painter in the cubist tradition coached by Albert Gleizes.

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Andy Goldsworthy

Andy Goldsworthy (born 26 July 1956) is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist producing site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings.

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Angevin Empire

The Angevin Empire (L'Empire Plantagenêt) is a collective exonym referring to the possessions of the Angevin kings of England, who also held lands in France, during the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Anglo-Saxon Christianity

The history of Christianity in England from the Roman departure to the Norman Conquest is often told as one of conflict between the Celtic Christianity spread by the Irish mission, and Roman Christianity brought across by Augustine of Canterbury.

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Anjali Mendes

Anjali Mendes (January 29, 1946 – June 17, 2010), born Phyllis Mendes, was an Indian fashion model.

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Anjou

Anjou (Andegavia) is a historical province of France straddling the lower Loire River.

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Anna Jones (businesswoman)

Anna Jones (born March 1975) is a British business woman and entrepreneur who lives in London, UK.

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Anne Azéma

Anne Azéma is a French-born soprano, scholar, and stage director.

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Anne de Montmorency

Anne, Duke of Montmorency, Honorary Knight of the Garter (15 March 1493, Chantilly, Oise12 November 1567, Paris) was a French soldier, statesman and diplomat.

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Anne Gregg

Anne Deirdre Gregg (11 February 1940 – 5 September 2006) was a travel writer and TV presenter from Northern Ireland.

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Anne Kearney

Anne Kearney is an American chef and restaurateur.

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Annot

Annot is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

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Antón Lamazares

Antón Lamazares (1954) is a Spanish painter, who is, along with José María Sicilia, Miquel Barceló and Víctor Mira, a member of the "generación de los 80".

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Antenor of Provence

Antenor was the Patrician of Provence in the last years of the 7th and first years of the 8th century.

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Anthemiolus

Anthemiolus (died c. 471 AD) was the son of the Western Roman Emperor Anthemius (467–472) and Marcia Euphemia, daughter of the Eastern Roman emperor Marcian.

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Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations

Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations is an American travel and food show that airs on the Travel Channel; it also airs on the Discovery Travel & Living channel around the world.

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Anthony Burgess

John Anthony Burgess Wilson, (25 February 1917 – 22 November 1993), who published under the name Anthony Burgess, was an English writer and composer.

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Anthony of Padua

Saint Anthony of Padua (St.), born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231), also known as Anthony of Lisbon, was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order.

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Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux

Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni d'Entrecasteaux (8 November 1737 – 21 July 1793) was a French naval officer, explorer and colonial governor.

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Antoine Christophe Saliceti

Antoine Christophe Saliceti (baptised in the name of Antonio Cristoforo Saliceti: Antoniu Cristufaru Saliceti in Corsican; 26 August 175723 December 1809) was a French politician and diplomat of the Revolution and First Empire.

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Antoine de la Sale

Antoine de la Sale (also la Salle, de Lasalle; 1385/861460/61) was a French courtier, educator and writer.

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Antoine de Paule

Fra' Antoine de Paule (c. 1551 – 9 June 1636) was elected the 56th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller (the Order of Malta) on 10 March 1623.

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Antoine Escalin des Aimars

Antoine Escalin des Aimars (1516 - 1578), also known as Captain Polin or Captain Paulin, later Baron de La Garde, was French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1541 to 1547, and "Général des Galères" ("General of the galleys") from 1544.

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Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy

Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy (de Fontanelle) was a French nobleman, an Army General in the French Revolution and a Deputy of the Department of Var in Provence, France in the National Assembly of the First Republic of France.

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Antoine-Félix Boisselier

Antoine-Félix Boisselier (22 May 1790 – 29 April 1857), known as Boisselier le Jeune to distinguish him from his brother Félix Boisselier, was a French painter.

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Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova

Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova, Prince of Ascoli (1480–1536) was a Spanish general during the Italian Wars.

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Aphrodisius

Saint Aphrodisius (Saint Aphrodise, Afrodise, Aphrodyse, Aphrodite) is a saint associated with the diocese of Béziers, in Languedoc, southern France.

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Apt Cathedral

Apt Cathedral (Cathédrale Sainte-Anne d'Apt) is a former Roman Catholic church located in the town of Apt in Provence, France.

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Apt, Vaucluse

Apt (Provençal Occitan: At / Ate in both classical and Mistralian norms) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Aptian

The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column.

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Arch of Augustus (Fano)

The Arch of Augustus in Fano (in the Province of Pesaro and Urbino) is a city gate in the form of a triumphal arch with three vaults.

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Architecture of Provence

The Architecture of Provence includes a rich collection of monuments from the Roman Empire; Cistercian monasteries from the Romanesque Period, medieval palaces and churches; fortifications from the time of Louis XIV, as well as numerous hilltop villages and fine churches.

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Archpoet

The Archpoet (1130 – c. 1165), or Archipoeta (in Latin and German),Jeep 2001: 21.

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Ardèche

Ardèche (Occitan and Arpitan: Ardecha) is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France.

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Arduin Glaber

Arduin Glaber (Arduino Glabrio, Glabrione, or il Glabro, meaning "the Bald"; died c. 977) was count of Auriate from c. 935, count of Turin from c. 941/2, and Margrave of Turin from c. 950/64.

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Arles

Arles (Provençal Arle in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.

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Army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles

The Army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles was one of the first to be formed after Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade.

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Army of the Var

The Army of the Var (Armée du Var) was one of the French Revolutionary armies.

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Arnaldus de Villa Nova

Arnaldus de Villa Nova (also called Arnau de Vilanova in Valencian, his language, Arnaldus Villanovanus, Arnaud de Ville-Neuve or Arnaldo de Villanueva, c. 1240–1311) was a physician and a religious reformer.

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Arnaut Plagues

Arnaut Plagues or Plages (fl. c. 1230–1245) was a troubadour probably from Provence.

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Arnold of Torroja

Arnold of Torroja (in Catalan, Arnau de Torroja), (? – 30 September 1184) was a Catalan knight and the ninth Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1181 until his death in 1184.

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Arnold Zimmerman

Arnold Zimmerman (born 1954), also known as Arnie Zimmerman, is an American ceramic artist.

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Arthur Kleinclausz

Arthur Kleinclausz (8 April 1869 in Auxonne – 30 November 1947 in Lyon) was a French medieval historian, best known for his work associated with the histories of Burgundy, Lyon and of the Carolingian era.

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Arthur Rimbaud

Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet who is known for his influence on modern literature and arts, which prefigured surrealism.

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Artistic patronage of the Neapolitan Angevin dynasty

The Artistic Patronage of the Neapolitan Angevin dynasty includes the creation of sculpture, architecture and paintings during the reigns of Charles I, Charles II and Robert of Anjou in the south of Italy.

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Arverni

The Arverni were a Celtic tribe.

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Ary Bitter

Ary Bitter (1883–1973) was a French artist, best known for his animal sculptures.

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Arzachena culture

The Arzachena culture was a late Neolithic pre-Nuragic culture occupying the northeastern part of Sardinia (Gallura) and part of southern Corsica from roughly the 4th to the 3rd millennium BC.

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Ashes, Ashes

Ashes, Ashes is a science fiction novel written by René Barjavel, set in 2052 France.

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Assizes of Jerusalem

The Assizes of Jerusalem are a collection of numerous medieval legal treatises written in Old French containing the law of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and Kingdom of Cyprus.

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Attigny, Ardennes

Attigny is a French commune in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence

Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence (Berġa ta' Alvernja u Provenza) is an auberge in Birgu, Malta.

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Auberge de France

Auberge de France (Berġa ta' Franza) refers to two auberges in Valletta, Malta.

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Auberge de France, Birgu

Auberge de France (Berġa ta' Franza) is an auberge in Birgu, Malta.

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Auberge de Provence

Auberge de Provence (Berġa ta' Provenza) is an auberge in Valletta, Malta.

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Aubrac

Aubrac is a small village in the southern Massif Central of France.

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Audax Club Parisien

Audax Club Parisien is a cycling club founded in Paris in 1904.

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August Grisebach

August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach was a German botanist and phytogeographer.

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Augusta Bernard

Augusta Bernard, also Augustabernard, (1886–1946) was a French fashion designer who gained recognition for creating long, neoclassical evening dresses during the early 1930s.

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Augustin Malroux

Augustin Malroux (5 April 1900 – 10 April 1945) was a French socialist politician and member of the French Resistance, a teacher by profession.

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Augustin Pyramus de Candolle

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle also spelled Augustin Pyrame de Candolle (4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist.

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Augustin Tuncq

Augustin Tuncq, born in Conteville (Somme) on 27 August 1746 and died in Paris on 9 February 1800, served in the French military during the reign of the House of Bourbon and was a general of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Augustus John

Augustus Edwin John (4 January 1878 – 31 October 1961) was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher.

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Aups

Aups (Provençal Aups in the classical norm, Aup in the Mistralian norm) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Authari

Authari (c. 540 – 5 September 590) was king of the Lombards from 584 to his death.

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Autoroutes of France

The Autoroute, or highway, system in France consists largely of toll roads (76% of the total).

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Avesnes family

The Avesnes family played an important role during the Middle Ages.

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Avignon Exchange

The Avignon Exchange was one of the first foreign exchange markets in history, established in the Comtat Venaissin during the Avignon Papacy.

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Ève Curie

Ève Denise Curie Labouisse (December 6, 1904 – October 22, 2007) was a French and American writer, journalist and pianist.

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Édouard-Alfred Martel

Édouard-Alfred Martel (1 July 1859, Pontoise, Val-d'Oise – 3 June 1938, Montbrison), the 'father of modern speleology', was a world pioneer of cave exploration, study, and documentation.

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Église Saint-Jean-de-Malte

The Church of St.

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Émile Louis Victor de Laveleye

Émile Louis Victor de Laveleye (5 April 1822 – 3 January 1892) was a Belgian economist.

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Émile Ripert

Émile Ripert (1882-1948) was a French academic, poet, novelist and playwright.

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Émile Zola

Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism.

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Éric Caritoux

Éric Caritoux (born August 16, 1960 in Carpentras, Vaucluse) is a French former professional road racing cyclist who raced between 1983 and 1994.

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Étienne de Vesc

Étienne de Vesc (ca 1445 – 6 October 1501), was a courtier of Louis XI of France and a formative influence on Charles VIII, whom he strongly encouraged in the French adventure into Italy in the First Italian War (1494–95).

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Étienne Sved

Étienne Sved (1914-1996) was Hungarian-born French-naturalised photographer and poster artist.

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Évelyne Wilwerth

Évelyne Wilwerth (born 1947) is a Belgian author writing in French.

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Žiče Charterhouse

The Žiče Charterhouse (Domus in Valle Sancti Johannis) was a Carthusian monastery or Charterhouse in the narrow valley of Žičnica Creek, also known as Saint John the Baptist Valley (dolina svetega Janeza Krstnika) after the church dedicated to St. John the Baptist at the monastery near the village of Žiče (German: Seiz, formerly Seitz) and at settlement Špitalič pri Slovenskih Konjicah in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in northeastern Slovenia.

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Badnjak (Serbian)

The badnjak (Cyrillic: бадњак), also called veseljak (весељак,, literally "jovial one" in Serbian), is a tree branch or young tree brought into the house and placed on the fire on the evening of Christmas Eve, a central tradition in Serbian Christmas celebrations.

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Bahir

Bahir or Sefer HaBahir (Hebrew: סֵפֶר הַבָּהִיר, "Book of the Bright") is an anonymous mystical work, attributed to a 1st-century rabbinic sage Nehunya ben HaKanah (a contemporary of Yochanan ben Zakai) because it begins with the words, "R.

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Bailiff (chivalric orders)

A bailiff (bailli) was a high official in the Knights Hospitaller who directed one of its bailiwicks abroad or one of the national associations ("tongues") at its headquarters.

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Balan-Bale

Balanbale or Balanbal (various spelling) is a district bordering Ethiopia located in the western part of the Galguduud Provence in the central Galmudug state of Somalia.

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Balšić noble family

The Balšić (Балшић, Balšići / Балшићи; also Bašići; Latin: Balsich; Albanian: Balsha) was a noble family that ruled "Zeta and the coastlands" (southern Montenegro and northern Albania), from 1362 to 1421, during and after the fall of the Serbian Empire.

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Ballroom dance

Ballroom dance is a set of partner dances, which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world.

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Banon cheese

Banon is a French cheese made in the region around the town of Banon in Provence, south-east France.

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Barbaroux

Barbaroux (also known as Grec rouge) is a pink-skinned French wine grape variety grown in south eastern France.

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Barbary pirates

The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Ottoman pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.

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Barbentane

Barbentane is a French commune of the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southern France.

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Barberini ivory

The Barberini ivory is a Byzantine ivory leaf from an imperial diptych dating from Late Antiquity, now in the Louvre in Paris.

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Barcelonnette

Barcelonnette is a commune of France and a subprefecture in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.

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Baronnies

The Baronnies, in French Les Baronnies, is a historic name for the area East and North of Mont Ventoux in Southern France.

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Barony of Patras

The Barony of Patras was a medieval Frankish fiefdom of the Principality of Achaea, located in the northwestern coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, centred on the town of Patras.

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Baroque music

Baroque music is a style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750.

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Barremitinae

Barremitinae is a subfamily belonging to the Ammonoidea subclass.

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Barretina

A barretina (plural: barretines, diminutive of barret "cap") is a traditional hat that was frequently worn by men in parts of the Christian cultures of the Mediterranean sea such as Catalonia, the Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands, Provence, Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, part of Naples, part of the Balkans and parts of Portugal.

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Barthélemy de Laffemas

Bartholomew Laffemas was an economist, born in Beausemblant, France in 1545.

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Barthélemy Hervart

Barthélemy Hervart or Herwart (16 August 1607 - 22 October 1676) was a Huguenot banker.

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Basmyl

The Basmyls (Basmyl; Basmals, Basmils, Basmïl) were a 7th- to 8th-century nomadic tribe who mostly inhabited the Dzungaria region in the northwest of modern-day China.

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Bastide (Provençal manor)

"Bastide" is a local term for a manor house in Provence, in the south of France, located in the countryside or in a village, and originally occupied by a wealthy farmer.

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Battle of Avignon

The Battle of Avignon, in which Frankish forces led by Charles Martel beat the Umayyad garrison of Avignon and destroyed the stronghold, was contested in 737.

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Battle of Capua (1348)

The Battle of Capua was fought between 11–15 January 1348 between the troops of Louis I of Hungary and those of the Kingdom of Naples, in the course of the former's invasion of Naples.

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Battle of Fraxinet

The Battle of Fraxinet or Fraxinetum was fought around 20 May 942, between a Hungarian raiding army and the Muslim frontier state of Fraxinet, and ended with a Hungarian victory.

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Battle of Gallipoli (1416)

The Battle of Gallipoli occurred on 29 May 1416 between a squadron of the Venetian navy and the fleet of the Ottoman Empire off the Ottoman naval base of Gallipoli.

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Battle of Malta

The Battle of Malta took place on 8 July 1283 in the entrance to the Grand Harbour, the principal harbour of Malta, as part of the War of the Sicilian Vespers.

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Battle of Nîmes

The Battle of Nîmes took place shortly after the capture and destruction of Avignon in 736.

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Battle of Pavia

The Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of 24 February 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–26.

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Battle of Staffarda

The Battle of Staffarda, 18 August 1690, was fought during Nine Years' War in Piedmont-Savoy, modern-day northern Italy.

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Battle of the Sesia (1524)

The Battle of the Sesia or Battle of the Sesia River, took place near the Sesia River (Latin: Sesites or Sessite), situated in north-western Italy, Lombardy, on 30 April 1524, where the Imperial–Spanish forces commanded by Don Carlos de Lannoy, inflicted a decisive defeat to the French forces under the Admiral Guillaume Gouffier, Lord of Bonnivet and Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol, during the Italian War of 1521–1526.

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Battle of Tours

The Battle of Tours (10 October 732) – also called the Battle of Poitiers and, by Arab sources, the Battle of the Palace of the Martyrs (Ma'arakat Balāṭ ash-Shuhadā’) – was fought by Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Governor-General of al-Andalus.

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Battle of Tourtour

The Battle of Tourtour of 973 was a significant victory for the Christian forces of William I of Provence over the Andalusi pirates based at Fraxinetum.

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Baussenque Wars

The Baussenque Wars (from French Guerres Baussenques, meaning "wars of Baux") were a series of armed conflicts (1144–1162) between the House of Barcelona, then ruling in Provence, and the House of Baux.

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Bauxite

Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content.

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Bayons

Bayons (Baion in Occitan) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

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Béziers

Béziers (Besièrs) is a town in Languedoc in southern France.

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Beaker culture

The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture), is the term for a widely scattered archaeological culture of prehistoric western and Central Europe, starting in the late Neolithic or Chalcolithic and running into the early Bronze Age (in British terminology).

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Beatrice of Savoy

Beatrice of Savoy (c. 1198 – c. 1267) was the daughter of Thomas I of Savoy and Margaret of Geneva.

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Beaucaire, Gard

Beaucaire is a French commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

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Bechukotai

Bechukotai, Bechukosai, or B'hukkothai (— Hebrew for "by my decrees," the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 33rd weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the 10th and last in the Book of Leviticus.

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Belmond Afloat in France

Belmond Afloat in France is a group of seven canal barges or péniche-hôtels that are part of the Belmond collection of around 50 international hotels, trains and river cruises.

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Benedetto Antelami

Benedetto Antelami (c. 1150 – c. 1230)"Antelami, Benedetto" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica.

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Benoit Benoni-Auran

Benoît Benoni-Auran (1859 in Monteux - 1944) was a Provençal master painter.

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Benveniste

Benveniste, is the surname, byname (see below - the origin of the name) of an old, noble, rich, and scholarly Jewish family of Narbonne, France and northern Spain from the 11th century.

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Bera, Count of Barcelona

Bera (died 844) was the first count of Barcelona from 801 until his deposition in 820.

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Berechiah ha-Nakdan

Berechiah ben Natronai Krespia ha-Nakdan (ha-Nakdan, meaning "the punctuator" or "grammarian"), commonly known as Berachya (13th century), was a Jewish exegete, ethical writer, grammarian, translator, poet, and philosopher.

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Berengar I of Italy

Berengar I (Berengarius, Perngarius; Berengario; 845 – 7 April 924) was the King of Italy from 887, and Holy Roman Emperor after 915, until his death.

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Bernal de Bonaval

Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language.

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Bernard Ato V

Bernard Ato V (died 1163) was the Viscount of Nîmes of the Trencavel family from 1129 to his death.

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Bernard Cathelin

Bernard Cathelin (20 May 1919 – 17 April 2004) was a French painter born in Paris and a member of the School of Paris which included Matisse, De Buffet and Brianchon.

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Bernard d'Ascoli

Bernard d'Ascoli (born 1958) is a French pianist.

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Bernard Faucon

Bernard Faucon (born September 12, 1950) is a French photographer and writer.

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Bernard of Gothia

Bernard II (in Catalan, Bernat de Gothia) was the Count of Barcelona, Girona and Margrave of Gothia and Septimania from 865 to 878.

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Bernard Palissy

Bernard Palissy (c. 1510c. 1589) was a French Huguenot potter, hydraulics engineer and craftsman, famous for having struggled for sixteen years to imitate Chinese porcelain.

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Bernard Poulin

Bernard Aimé Poulin is a visual artist specializing in portraits and the author of articles and books on drawing, creativity and societal implications in the realization of the "self".

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Bernat Metge

Bernat Metge (1340 – 1413) was a Catalan humanist, best known as the author of Lo Somni (c. 1399).

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Bertran Carbonel

Bertran Carbonel (fl. 1252–1265) was a Provençal troubadour from Marseille.

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Bertran d'Alamanon

Bertran d'Alamanon, also spelled de Lamanon or d'Alamano (fl. 1229–1266), was a Provençal knight and troubadour, and an official, diplomat, and ambassador of the court of the Count of Provence.

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Bertran del Pojet

Bertran del Pojet (fl. 1222) was a Provençal castellan and troubadour of the latter half of the thirteenth century, a period of Angevin rule in Provence and Italy.

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Bertran Folcon d'Avignon

Bertran Folcon d'Avignon or Bertran Folco d'Avinhon (fl. 1202–1233) was a Provençal nobleman and troubadour from Avignon.

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Bertrand of Les Baux

Bertrand of Les Baux (Bertrand des Baux) was Lord of Courthézon in the Provence.

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Best Behaviour (N-Dubz song)

"Best Behaviour" is a song by British hip hop group N-Dubz.

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Bienvenu de Miollis

François-Melchior-Charles-Bienvenu de Miollis (19 June 1753, Aix-en-Provence, France – 27 June 1843, Aix-en-Provence, Francehttp://www.omiworld.org/dictionary.asp?v.

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Bistro 990

Bistro 990 was a restaurant in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Bitch (short story)

"Bitch" is a short story written by Roald Dahl, and it is the second appearance of Dahl's character Uncle Oswald.

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Blacasset

Blacasset, Blacassetz, Blacssetz, or Blachessetz (fl. 1233–1242Aubrey, 23.) was a Provençal troubadour of the noble family of the Blacas, lords of Aulps, in the Empire.

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Blaise Diagne

Blaise Diagne (13 October 1872 – 11 May 1934) was a Senegalese-French political leader and mayor of Dakar.

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Blieux

Blieux is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

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Blow Up Your Video

Blow Up Your Video is the eleventh studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC.

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Blue Boy (novel)

Blue Boy is a 1932 novel by the French writer Jean Giono.

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Blueberry (comics)

Blueberry is Western comic series created in the Franco-Belgian ''bandes dessinées'' (BD) tradition by the Belgian scriptwriter Jean-Michel Charlier and French comics artist Jean "Mœbius" Giraud.

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Bolesław III Wrymouth

Bolesław III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Bolesław III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138.

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Boletus edulis

Boletus edulis (English: penny bun, cep, porcino or porcini) is a basidiomycete fungus, and the type species of the genus Boletus.

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Bonet de Lattes

Bonet de Lattes was a Jewish physician and astrologer.

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Bonifaci VI de Castellana

Bonifaci VI de Castellana or Castelhana (Boniface de Castellane; fl. 1244–1265) was a Provençal knight and lord, one of the last of the great independent seigneurs of the land before the reign of Charles of Anjou (1246).

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Booyah (stew)

Booyah (also spelled booya, bouja, boulyaw, or bouyou) is a thick stew of probable Belgian origin made throughout the Upper Midwestern United States.

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Borgo Santa Lucia

Borgo Santa Lucia, or simply Santa Lucia (italian for Saint Lucy), is an historical rione of Naples, Italy.

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Boso of Provence

Boso (c. 841 – January 11, 887) was a Frankish nobleman of the Bosonid family who was related to the Carolingian dynasty and who rose to become King of Lower Burgundy and Provence.

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Boso of Sant'Anastasia

Boso (Italian Bosone) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, priest of Sant'Anastasia al Palatino (1116–1122) and bishop of Turin (1122–1126×28).

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Bouc-Bel-Air

Bouc-Bel-Air is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France.

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Bouches-du-Rhône

Bouches-du-Rhône (Occitan: Bocas de Ròse, literally "Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in Southern France named after the mouth of the river Rhône.

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Bouillabaisse

Bouillabaisse (bolhabaissa) is a traditional Provençal fish stew originating from the port city of Marseille.

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Boules

Boules is a collective name for a wide range of games similar to bowls and bocce (In French: jeu or jeux, in Italian: gioco or giochi) in which the objective is to throw or roll heavy balls (called boules in France, and bocce in Italy) as close as possible to a small target ball.

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Bourgois-Sénémaud AT

The Bourgois-Sénémaud AT was a parasol wing, two seat touring aircraft built in France in 1928.

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Bouteillan

The Bouteillan is a cultivar of olives grown primarily in Provence.

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Boyer

Boyer is a French surname.

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Brandade

Brandade is an emulsion of salt cod and olive oil eaten in winter with bread or potatoes.

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Bread in Europe

Bread is a staple food throughout Europe.

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Breviary of Alaric

The Breviary of Alaric (Breviarium Alaricianum or Lex Romana Visigothorum) is a collection of Roman law, compiled by unknown writers and approved by Anianus on the order of Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, with the advice of his bishops and nobles.

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Brian Savegar

Brian Savegar (24 August 1932 – 31 March 2007) was a production designer in the film and TV industry.

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Brignoles

Brignoles (Brinhòla) is a commune in the Var département in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France.

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Bring a Torch, Jeanette, Isabella

"Bring a Torch, Jeanette, Isabella" (Un flambeau, Jeannette, Isabelle) is a Christmas carol which originated from the Provence region of France in the 17th century.

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Britannia Coco-nut Dancers

The Britannia Coco-nut Dancers or Nutters are a troupe of Lancastrian clog dancers who perform every Easter in Bacup, dancing across the town.

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Brousse (cheese)

Brousse (French appellation from Provençal brousso; corsican brócciu) is a white and lumpy whey cheese from Provence, Corsica and north-western Italy.

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Bugger

Bugger or "buggar" is a swear word.

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Buisson, Vaucluse

Buisson is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Bullfighting

Bullfighting is a physical contest that involves humans and animals attempting to publicly subdue, immobilise, or kill a bull, usually according to a set of rules, guidelines, or cultural expectations.

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Burj Littan

Burj Littan is a small farming village in the Northern Indian provence of Punjab, India.

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Cadenet (troubadour)

Cadenet (c. 1160 – c. 1235) was a Provençal troubadour (trobador) who lived and wrote at the court of Raymond VI of Toulouse and eventually made a reputation in Spain.

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Cairanne

Cairanne is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France whose inhabitants were locally nicknamed leis afrontaires de Cairana, the cheeky ones from Cairanne.

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Calade

Calade is a French term for an harmonious, decorative and useful arrangement of medium-sized pebbles, fixed to the ground.

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Calatafimi-Segesta

Calatafimi-Segesta (Sicilian: Calatafimi-Segesta) is a small town, more popularly known simply as Calatafimi, in the Province of Trapani, in Sicily, southern Italy.

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Calisson

Calissons are a traditional French candy consisting of a smooth, pale yellow, homogeneous paste of candied fruit (especially melons and oranges) and ground almonds topped with a thin layer of royal icing.

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Canaan

Canaan (Northwest Semitic:; Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 Kenā‘an; Hebrew) was a Semitic-speaking region in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC.

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Canal de Marseille

The Canal de Marseille is a major source of drinking water for the city of Marseille, the largest city in Provence, France.

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Canaveri

Canaveri is an Italian and French surname, its etymology comes from the canapa or chanvre (hemp), an abundant product in ancient times in the regions of the Canavese (Italy) and Chennevières (France).

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Cançó de Santa Fe

The Cançó (or Cançon) de Santa Fe (Chanson de Sainte Foi d'Agen, Song of Saint Fides), a hagiographical poem about Saint Faith, is the earliest surviving written work in a Catalan dialect of Old Occitan.

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Cane Ashby

Cane Ashby is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless.

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Canjuers

Canjuers is a calcareous plateau and a military camp in Provence in southeastern France.

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Cantilena Antiqua

Cantilena Antiqua is an Italian early music group founded in 1987 and based in Bologna.

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Canyon

A canyon (Spanish: cañón; archaic British English spelling: cañon) or gorge is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosive activity of a river over geologic timescales.

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Canzone

Literally "song" in Italian, a canzone (plural: canzoni; cognate with English to chant) is an Italian or Provençal song or ballad.

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Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, founded by Hugh Capet.

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Capitale & Victor ORLY Gallery

Capitale & Victor ORLY is a French gallery established by the cultural association Capitale in Marseille, France in 2005.

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Caprasius of Lérins

Saint Caprasius, sometimes Caprasius of Lérins (Caprais) (died 430) was a hermit who lived in Lérins, Provence.

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Caquelon

A caquelon is a cooking vessel of stoneware, ceramic, enamelled cast iron, or porcelain for the preparation of fondue, also called a fondue pot.

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Carabinier

A carabinier (also sometimes spelled carabineer or carbineer) is in principle a soldier armed with a carbine.

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Carabiniers-à-Cheval

The Carabiniers-à-Cheval (French for "Horse Carabiniers") were mounted troops in the service of France.

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Caravan to Vaccarès

Caravan to Vaccarès is a novel by author Alistair MacLean, originally published in 1970.

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Cardium pottery

Cardium pottery or Cardial ware is a Neolithic decorative style that gets its name from the imprinting of the clay with the shell of the cockle, an edible marine mollusk formerly known as Cardium edulis (now Cerastoderma edule).

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Cardoon

The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), also called the artichoke thistle or globe artichoke, is a thistle in the sunflower family.

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Carduncellus

Carduncellus is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae.

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Carl Adolf Otth

Carl Adolf (Adolphe) Otth (April 2, 1803, Bern - May 16, 1839) was a Swiss physician and naturalist.

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Carol Drinkwater

Carol Drinkwater (born 22 April 1948) is an Anglo-Irish actress, author and filmmaker.

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Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire (800–888) was a large empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages.

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Carolingians descended from Charles Martel

This is a partial list of male descendants from Charles Martel (686–741) for fifteen generations.

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Carolyn Fairbairn

Carolyn Julie Fairbairn (born 13 December 1960) is a British businesswoman, director-general of the Confederation of British Industry and former non-executive director of the Competition and Markets Authority, Lloyds Banking Group and the UK Statistics Authority.

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Carpentras Cathedral

Carpentras Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Siffrein de Carpentras) is a Roman Catholic church and former cathedral in Carpentras, Provence, France.

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Caslari family

Caslari is the name of a Jewish family originally from Caylar (Latin, "Castalarium"), a village in the department of Hérault, France.

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Castellane

Castellane (Provençal: Castelana) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

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Castillonnais

The Castillonais or Cheval Ariègeois de Castillon, once called the cheval du Biros or Saint-Gironnais, is an ancient breed of small riding horse from the Ariège département of southwestern France.

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Castle

A castle (from castellum) is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages by predominantly the nobility or royalty and by military orders.

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Castor of Apt

Saint Castor of Apt (died ca. 420) was a bishop of Apt, in Gaul.

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Catholic Church in France

The Catholic Church in France is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Church in Vietnam

The Catholic Church in Vietnam is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of Bishops in Vietnam who are in communion with the Pope in Rome.

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Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure

The caves of Arcy-sur-Cure are a series of caves located on the commune of Arcy-sur-Cure, Burgundy, France.

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Célestin Freinet

Célestin Freinet (15 October 1896 in Gars, Alpes-Maritimes – 8 October 1966 in Vence) was a noted French pedagogue and educational reformer.

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Côte Bleue

The Côte Bleue (Provençal Occitan: Còsta Blava) is part of Provence's southwestern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, reaching from Marseilles to the Étang de Berre.

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Celine Dion Parfums

Celine Dion Parfums is a brand line of celebrity-endorsed perfumes by international singing star Celine Dion and Coty, Inc., with global retail sales of more than $850 million by March 2010.

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Celtic Rite

The term "Celtic Rite" is applied to the various liturgical rites used in Celtic Christianity in Britain, Ireland and Brittany and the monasteries founded by St. Columbanus and Saint Catald in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the early middle ages.

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Celtis australis

Celtis australis, commonly known as the European nettle tree, Mediterranean hackberry, lote tree, or honeyberry, is a deciduous tree native to southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor.

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Cernuella

Cernuella is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.

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Chapel

The term chapel usually refers to a Christian place of prayer and worship that is attached to a larger, often nonreligious institution or that is considered an extension of a primary religious institution.

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Char 2C

The Char 2C, also known as the FCM 2C, is a French heavy tank, later also seen as a super-heavy tank, developed during World War I but not deployed until after the war.

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Charlemagne

Charlemagne or Charles the Great (Karl der Große, Carlo Magno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.

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Charles Constantine of Vienne

Charles-Constantine (died 962) was the Count of Vienne and son of Louis the Blind, the latter of whom was King of Provence and Holy Roman Emperor.

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Charles Debbasch

Charles Debbasch (born 22 October 1937 in Tunis), is a French jurist and academic.

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Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon

Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (10 September 1720 – 21 May 1793), 2nd Prince of Craon (1754), Marshal of France (1783) was a French scholar, nobleman and general.

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Charles Martel

Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death.

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Charles Maurras

Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet, and critic.

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Charles Plumier

Charles Plumier (20 April 1646 – 20 November 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the Frangipani genus Plumeria is named.

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Charles Rostaing

Charles Rostaing (9 October 1904 – 24 April 1999) was a French linguist who specialised in toponymy.

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Charles the Fat

Charles III (13 June 839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the Carolingian Emperor from 881 to 888.

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Charles, Prince Napoléon

Charles, Prince Napoléon (Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon; born 19 October 1950) is a French politician, and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle, Emperor Napoléon I. Other Bonapartists consider his son, Jean-Christophe, to be the current head of the house and heir.

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Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc

Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc (1655–1746) was Bishop of Marseille from 1692 to 1708 and Archbishop of Aix from 1708 to 1729; from 1729 to 1746 he was the Archbishop of Paris.

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Charlie Jazz Festival

The main stage under plane trees The Charlie Jazz Festival is an annual music festival held every summer in Vitrolles, Provence, France.

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Charlotte de Sauve

Charlotte de Beaune Semblançay, Viscountess of Tours, Baroness de Sauve, Marquise de Noirmoutier (26 October 1551 – 30 September 1617) was a French noblewoman and a mistress of King Henry of Navarre, who later ruled as King Henry IV of France.

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Château de Chinon

Château de Chinon is a castle located on the bank of the Vienne river in Chinon, France.

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Château de Font-Ségugne

The Château de Font-Ségugne is a historic château built at Font-Ségugne in Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne, Provence, France.

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Château de l'Empéri

The Château de l'Empéri is a 9th-century castle built on the rock of Puech which dominates the immense plain of Crau in the commune of Salon-de-Provence in the Bouches-du-Rhône département of France.

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Château de l'Hers

The origins of the Château de l'Hers, in Châteauneuf-du-Pape on the banks of the Rhône, go back to the beginning of the 10th century.

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Château de Pontevès

The Château de Pontevès is a ruined castle in the commune of Pontevès in the Var département in Provence, southern France.

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Château des Baux

The Château des Baux is a fortified castle built during the 10th century, located in Les Baux-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, southern France.

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Château du Grand-Saint-Jean

The Château du Grand-Saint-Jean is a listed chateau in Puyricard, Bouches-du-Rhône, France.

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Château of Vauvenargues

The Château of Vauvenargues (Château de Vauvenargues) is a fortified bastide in the village of Vauvenargues, situated to the north of Montagne Sainte-Victoire, just outside the town of Aix-en-Provence in the south of France.

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Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC

Châteauneuf-du-Pape is a French wine Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) located around the village of Châteauneuf-du-Pape in the Rhône wine region in southeastern France.

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Chemins de Fer de Provence

| The Chemins de Fer de Provence is a small rail company providing a daily train service between Nice and Digne-les-Bains in Provence.

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Childebert I

Childebert I (c. 496 – 13 December 558) was a Frankish King of the Merovingian dynasty, as third of the four sons of Clovis I who shared the kingdom of the Franks upon their father's death in 511.

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Childebert II

Childebert II (570–595) was the Merovingian king of Austrasia, which included Provence at the time, from 575 until his death in 595, the eldest and succeeding son of Sigebert I, and the king of Burgundy from 592 to his death, as the adopted and succeeding son of his uncle Guntram.

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Childebert III

Childebert III, called the Just (le Juste) (c.683 – 23 April 711), son of Theuderic III and Clotilda (or Doda) and sole king of the Franks (695–711), he was seemingly but a puppet of the mayor of the palace, Pepin of Heristal, though his placita show him making judicial decisions of his own will, even against the Arnulfing clan.

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Chlothar I

Chlothar I (c. 497 – 29 November 561), also called "Clotaire I" and the Old (le Vieux), King of the Franks, was one of the four sons of Clovis I of the Merovingian dynasty.

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Chocolate with Jacques Torres

Chocolate with Jacques Torres is a North American television cooking show hosted by renowned pastry chef and chocolate aficionado, Jacques Torres.

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Chose Promise

Chose Promise (Promised Thing) is a one-man show performed by the French comedian Arnaud Tsamere from 2007 to 2014.

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Chouannerie

The Chouannerie was a royalist uprising or counter-revolution in 12 of the western départements of France, particularly in the provinces of Brittany and Maine, against the French First Republic during the French Revolution.

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Christian forces of the First Crusade

The following is an overview of the armies of First Crusade, including the armies of the European noblemen of the "Princes' Crusade", the Byzantine army, a number of independent crusaders as well as the preceding People’s Crusade and the subsequent Crusade of 1101 and other European campaigns prior to the Second Crusade beginning in 1147.

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Christian von Alvensleben

Christian von Alvensleben (born 1941 in Munich) is a German photographer.

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Christine Adamo

Christine Adamo (born 1965) is a French writer who comes from the world of the sciences.

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Christmas

Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,Martindale, Cyril Charles.

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Christmas carol

A Christmas carol (also called a noël, from the French word meaning "Christmas") is a carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas, and which is traditionally sung on Christmas itself or during the surrounding holiday season.

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Christmas traditions

Christmas traditions vary from country to country.

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Christophe de Villeneuve-Bargemon

Count Christophe de Villeneuve-Bargemon (1771-1829) was a French aristocrat and civil servant.

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Christophe Legoût

Christophe Legoût (born 6 August 1973 in Montbéliard, Doubs) is a French table tennis player.

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Christopher Numar of Forli

Christopher Numar of Forli (date of birth uncertain; d. at Ancona, 23 March 1528) was an Italian Franciscan, who became Minister general of the Friars Minor and cardinal.

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Church of Saint Barbara, Valletta

The Church of St Barbara (Knisja ta' Santa Barbara, Kirche Sankt Barbara, Église Sainte-Barbara) is a Roman Catholic church situated in Valletta, Malta.

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Church of St. Trophime, Arles

The Church of St.

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Church of the Ascension, Episcopal (Manhattan)

The Church of the Ascension is an Episcopal church in the Diocese of New York, located at 36–38 Fifth Avenue and West 10th Street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan New York City.

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Cicada

The cicadas are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs).

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Cielo d'Alcamo

Cielo d'Alcamo (also spelled Ciullo) was an Italian poet, born in the early 13th century.

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Cioppino

Cioppino is a fish stew originating in San Francisco, California.

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City region

City region is a term in use since about 1950 by urbanists, economists and urban planners to mean a metropolitan area and hinterland, often having a shared administration.

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Clara Vogedes

Clara Vogedes, born Clara Homscheidt (* 1892 in Krefeld, † 1983 in Heilbronn) was a German painter.

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Classification of wine

The classification of wine can be done according to various methods including place of origin or appellation, vinification methods and style, sweetness and vintage,J.

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Claude de Forbin

Claude, chevalier, then count de Forbin-Gardanne (6 August 1656 – 4 March 1733) was a French naval commander.

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Claude de Vin des Œillets

Claude de Vin des Œillets, known as Mademoiselle des Œillets (Provence 1637 – Paris, 18 May 1687), was a mistress of King Louis XIV of France and the companion of the official royal mistress and favourite Madame de Montespan.

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Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle

Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, sometimes spelled de l'Isle or de Lile (10 May 1760 – 26 June 1836), was a French army officer of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Claude Lebey

Claude Lebey (20 November 1923 – 10 January 2017) was a French food critic and the author of Guide Lebey.

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Claude-Emmanuel de Pastoret

Claude-Emmanuel Joseph Pierre, Marquess of Pastoret (24 December 1755, Marseille – 28 September 1840, Paris) was a French lawyer, author and politician.

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Clodoald

Saint Clodoald (Clodoaldus, Cloudus;522 – 560 AD), better known as Cloud, was the son of King Chlodomer of Orléans and his wife Guntheuc.

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Clotilde de Surville

"Clotilde de Surville" was the supposed author of the Poésies de Clotilde.

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Clovelly-Kepplestone

Clovelly-Kepplestone was a private boarding school for girls in Eastbourne, Sussex.

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Cluniac Reforms

The Cluniac Reforms (also called the Benedictine Reform) were a series of changes within medieval monasticism of the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor.

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Coat of arms of Edinburgh

The arms of the city of Edinburgh, more properly the arms of the city council, were registered with the Lord Lyon King of Arms in 1732, having been used unofficially for several centuries previously.

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Coca (pastry)

The coca is a pastry typically made and consumed in eastern Spain.

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Colline

Colline is a 1929 novel by the French writer Jean Giono.

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Commentarii de Bello Gallico

Commentāriī dē Bellō Gallicō (italic), also Bellum Gallicum (italic), is Julius Caesar's firsthand account of the Gallic Wars, written as a third-person narrative.

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Companions of Jehu

The Companions of Jehu were formed in the Lyon region of France in April 1795 to hunt down Jacobins implicated in the Reign of Terror.

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Confit

Confit comes from the French word confire which means literally "to preserve," a confit being any type of food that is cooked slowly over a long period of time as a method of preservation.

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Conrad Malaspina (The Old)

Conrad Malaspina, also known as “L’Antico” or “The Old” was an Italian nobleman who lived in the 12th century.

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Consequences of the Black Death

The consequences of the Black Death are the short-term and long-term effects of the Black Death on human populations across the world.

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Conservatoire botanique national méditerranéen de Porquerolles

The Conservatoire botanique national méditerranéen de Porquerolles (180 hectares) is a national conservatory and botanical garden located within the Parc National de Port-Cros on Porquerolles in the Îles d'Hyères, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.

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Constance of Arles

Constance of Arles (c. 986 – 28 July 1032), also known as Constance of Provence, was a queen consort of France as the third spouse of King Robert II of France.

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Constant d'Aubigné

Constant d'Aubigné (158531 August 1647) was a French nobleman, son of Théodore-Agrippa d'Aubigné, the poet, soldier, propagandist and chronicler.

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Constantine Lekapenos

Constantine Lekapenos or Lecapenus (Κωνσταντίνος Λακαπηνός) was the third son of the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–944), and co-emperor from 924 to 945.

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Copa Santa

La Coupo Santo (The Holy Cup), in full La Cansoun de la Coupo (The song of the Cup) in original modern (or Mistralian) norm Provençal (in classical norm, La Copa Santa in full Lo Cant de la Copa Santa (The song of the Holy Cup) or La Cançon de la Copa (The Song of the Cup)) is the anthem of Provence, sung in Provençal one of six Occitan dialects.

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Corded quilting

Corded quilting (also known as Marseilles quilting, Marseilles embroidery, marcella, or Zaans stitchwork) is a decorative quilting technique popular from the late 17th through the early 19th centuries.

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Corou de Berra

Corou de Berra is a French professional harmony ensemble specialising in polyphonic songs from the Alps.

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Corsica

Corsica (Corse; Corsica in Corsican and Italian, pronounced and respectively) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France.

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Costières de Nîmes AOC

Costières de Nîmes is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for wines that are produced in an area between the ancient city of Nîmes and the western Rhône delta, in the French department of the Gard.

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Council of Frankfurt

The Council of Frankfurt, traditionally also the Council of Frankfort, in 794 was called by Charlemagne, as a meeting of the important churchmen of the Frankish realm.

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Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk

Count Geoffrey Wladislas Vaile Potocki de Montalk (10 June 1903 – 14 April 1997) was a poet, polemicist, pagan and (incorrectly labelled) pretender to the Polish throne.

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Count of Toulouse

The Count of Toulouse was the ruler of Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries.

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County of Barcelona

The County of Barcelona (Comitatus Barcinonensis) was originally a frontier region under the rule of the Carolingian dynasty.

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County of Foix

The County of Foix was an independent medieval fief in southern France, and later a province of France, whose territory corresponded roughly the eastern part of the modern département of Ariège (the western part of Ariège being Couserans).

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County of Forcalquier

The County of Forcalquier was a large medieval county in the region of Provence in the Kingdom of Arles, then part of the Holy Roman Empire.

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County of Nice

The County of Nice (Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois, Contea di Nizza/Paese Nizzardo, Niçard Countèa de Nissa/Paìs Nissart) is a historical region of France, located in the south-eastern part, around the city of Nice, and roughly equivalent to the modern department of Alpes-Maritimes.

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County of Toulouse

The County of Toulouse was a territory in southern France consisting of the city of Toulouse and its environs, ruled by the Count of Toulouse from the late 9th century until the late 13th century.

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Court of Auditors (France)

Under the French monarchy, the Courts of Accounts (in French Chambres des comptes) were sovereign courts specialising in financial affairs.

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Courtly love

Courtly love (or fin'amor in Occitan) was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry.

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Crespéou

A crespéou is a savory Provençal cake made up of omelettes with herbs and vegetables stacked in layers.

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Cristóbal de Mondragón

Cristóbal de Mondragón y Mercado (1514–1596) was a Spanish general during the Eighty Years' War.

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Croquant rebellions

The croquant rebellions ("Jacquerie des croquants" in French) were several peasant revolts that erupted in Limousin, Quercy, and Perigord (France) and that extended through the southeast of the country in the latter part of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries.

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Crown of Aragon

The Crown of Aragon (Corona d'Aragón, Corona d'Aragó, Corona de Aragón),Corona d'AragónCorona AragonumCorona de Aragón) also referred by some modern historians as Catalanoaragonese Crown (Corona catalanoaragonesa) or Catalan-Aragonese Confederation (Confederació catalanoaragonesa) was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy (a state with primarily maritime realms) controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean "empire" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy (from 1442) and parts of Greece (until 1388). The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each Corts or Cortes. Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon (mainly the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Valencia) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name. In 1469, a new dynastic familial union of the Crown of Aragon with the Crown of Castile by the Catholic Monarchs, joining what contemporaries referred to as "the Spains" led to what would become the Kingdom of Spain under King Philip II. The Crown existed until it was abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees issued by King Philip V in 1716 as a consequence of the defeat of Archduke Charles (as Charles III of Aragon) in the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Crusader states

The Crusader states, also known as Outremer, were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal Christian states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Crusio (ice cream parlor)

IJssalon Crusio is an ice cream parlor in the center of Bergen op Zoom, the Netherlands.

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Cucuron

Cucuron is a village (commune) in the Vaucluse department, of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.

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Cuisine of Menorca

Minorcan cuisine refers to the typical food and drink of Minorca.

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Culture of France

The culture of Paris,in France and of the French people has been shaped by geography, by profound historical events, and by foreign and internal forces and groups.

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Curtius Rufus

Curtius Rufus was a Roman professional magistrate of senatorial rank mentioned by Tacitus and Pliny the Younger for life events occurring during the reigns of the emperors Tiberius and Claudius.

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Cyril Connolly

Cyril Vernon Connolly (10 September 1903 – 26 November 1974) was an English literary critic and writer.

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D. F. Malan

Daniel François Malan (22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959), more commonly known as D. F. Malan, was a South African politician who served as Prime Minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954.

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Dafydd ap Gwilym

Dafydd ap Gwilym (c. 1315/1320 – c. 1350/1370) is regarded as one of the leading Welsh poets and amongst the great poets of Europe in the Middle Ages.

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Dagfin Werenskiold

Dagfin Werenskiold (16 October 1892 – 29 June 1977) was a Norwegian sculptor and painter.

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Dagobert III

Dagobert III (699–715) was Merovingian king of the Franks (711–715).

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Danièle Rochon

Danièle Rochon (born April 8, 1946) is a Quebec painter.

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Daniel Pennac

Daniel Pennac (real name Daniel Pennacchioni, born 1 December 1944 in Casablanca, Morocco) is a French writer.

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Daniel-Charles Trudaine

Daniel-Charles Trudaine (3 January 1703 – 19 January 1769) was a French administrator and civil engineer.

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Danielle Bleitrach

Danielle Bleitrach (born in 1938) is a French sociologist and journalist.

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Dante da Maiano

Dante da Maiano was a late thirteenth-century poet who composed mainly sonnets in Italian and Occitan.

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Dapalis

Dapalis is an extinct genus of prehistoric perciform fish.

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Dapalis macrurus

Dapalis macrurus is an extinct species of prehistoric ray-finned fish.

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Dariole

Dariole is a French term meaning a small, cylindrical mold.

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Dartford warbler

The Dartford warbler (Sylvia undata) is a typical warbler from the warmer parts of western Europe and northwestern Africa.

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Daube

Daube is a classic Provençal (or more broadly, French) stew made with inexpensive beef braised in wine, vegetables, garlic, and herbes de Provence, and traditionally cooked in a daubière, a braising pan.

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Dauphiné

The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois, formerly Dauphiny in English, is a former province in southeastern France, whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of Isère, Drôme, and Hautes-Alpes.

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David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon

David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon (born 3 November 1961), styled as Viscount Linley until 2017 and known professionally as David Linley, is an English furniture maker and a former chairman of the auction house Christie's UK.

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David ben Yom Tov

David ben Yom Tov, also David Bonjorn del Barri, was a Catalan Jewish astronomer and astrologer who lived in the first half of the fourteenth century.

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David Ginola

David Désiré Marc Ginola (born 25 January 1967) is a French former international football player who has also worked as an actor, model and football pundit.

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David Laws

David Anthony Laws (born 30 November 1965) is a British Liberal Democrat politician.

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Dawn-Michelle Baude

Dawn-Michelle Baude (born January 15, 1959) is an American poet, journalist and educator.

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Dürer's Rhinoceros

Dürer's Rhinoceros is the name commonly given to a woodcut executed by German painter and printmaker Albrecht Dürer in 1515.

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Deborah Lawrenson

Deborah Lawrenson (born November 1960 in London, England) is a British novelist and journalist.

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Deforestation

Deforestation, clearance, or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

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Delphine (given name)

Delphine is a feminine French given name, a form of the Latin Delphina, meaning woman from Delphi.

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Delphine of Glandèves

Blessed Delphine of Glandèves, T.O.S.F., (or of Sabran) was born in 1284 in region of Provence, now part of France.

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Denis Granville

Denis Granville (name altered from Grenville) (13 February 1637 – 18 April 1703) was an English non-juring cleric, Dean of Durham and then Jacobite exile.

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Dentelles de Montmirail

The Dentelles de Montmirail are a small chain of mountains in Provence in France, in the département of Vaucluse, located just to the south of the village of Vaison-la-Romaine.

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Denzlingen

Denzlingen is a municipality in the district of Emmendingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Derham Hall and Our Lady of Victory Chapel

Derham Hall and Our Lady of Victory Chapel are administrative and religious buildings, respectively, at St. Catherine University in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.

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Disputation of Barcelona

The Disputation of Barcelona (July 20–24, 1263) was a formal ordered medieval debate between representatives of Christianity and Judaism regarding whether or not Jesus was the Messiah.

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Divico

Divico was a Gallic king and the leader of the Helvetian tribe of the Tigurini.

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Divine simplicity

In theology, the doctrine of divine simplicity says that God is without parts.

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Dolium

A dolium (plural: dolia) is a large earthenware vase or vessel used in ancient Roman times for storage or transportation of goods.

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Domaine de Baudouvin

The Domaine de Baudouvin is an estate, garden and public park in the Commune of La Valette-du-Var, just east of Toulon, in the Var Departement of France.

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Domaine de Canton (liqueur)

Domaine de Canton is a ginger-flavored liqueur made in France since 2007.

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Domaine de Terre Blanche

The Terre Blanche Hotel Spa Golf Resort is located at Tourrettes, Var, just southeast of Fayence in the Provence region of France.

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Domaine Henri Milan

Domaine Henri Milan is a wine estate in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Provence.

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Dominique Aurientis

Dominique Aurientis (born in 1953 in Aix-en-Provence, France) is a French fashion designer.

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Dominique Dupuy (dancer)

Dominique Dupuy (born 1930) is a French dancer and choreographer of modern dance.

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Donald Adamson

Dr Donald Adamson (born 30 March 1939) is a British literary scholar, author and historian.

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Donald Maclean (spy)

Donald Duart Maclean (25 May 1913 – 6 March 1983) was a British diplomat and member of the Cambridge Five who acted as spies for the Soviet Union.

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Dorothea Tanning

Dorothea Margaret Tanning (August 25, 1910 – January 31, 2012) was an American painter, printmaker, sculptor, writer, and poet.

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Douce I, Countess of Provence

Douce I (also Dulcia or Dolça, called "of Rouergue" or "of Gévaudan") (– 1127) was the daughter of Gilbert I of Gévaudan and Gerberga of Provence and wife of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona.

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Douceline of Digne

Douceline of Digne (1215/1216 – 1274) was the founder of the Beguines of Marseilles and the subject of a vita that survives today, The Life of Douceline de Digne.

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Doudou Gouirand

Doudou Gouirand (born April 28, 1940) is a French jazz saxophonist and composer.

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Douglas Cooper (art historian)

(Arthur William) Douglas Cooper, who also published as Douglas Lord In: Dictionary of Art Historians, retrieved 13 August 2010.

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Drôme

Drôme (Droma in Occitan, Drôma in Arpitan) is a department in southeastern France named after the Drôme River.

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Dual monarchy of England and France

The dual monarchy of England and France existed during the latter phase of the Hundred Years' War when Charles VII of France and Henry VI of England disputed the succession to the throne of France.

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Duchy of Alsace

The Duchy of Alsace (Ducatus Alsacensi, Ducatum Elisatium) was a large political subdivision of the Frankish Empire during the last century and a half of Merovingian rule.

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Duchy of Aquitaine

The Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducat d'Aquitània,, Duché d'Aquitaine) was a historical fiefdom in western, central and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the Loire River, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France.

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Duke

A duke (male) or duchess (female) can either be a monarch ruling over a duchy or a member of royalty or nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch.

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Dupuy D-40

The Dupuy D-40 was a French built, low powered monoplane designed for touring abroad.

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Duran Sartor de Paernas

Duran Sartor de Paernas or Duran Sartre de Carpentras (fl. c. 1210–50) was a Provençal troubadour from Pernes near Carpentras.

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Durance

The Durance (Durença in Occitan or Durènço in Mistralian) is a major river in south-eastern France.

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Dutch units of measurement

The Dutch units of measurement used today are those of the metric system.

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Dynamius of Provence

Dynamius or Dinamius was the Rector of Provence (rector Provinciae) from 575, when he replaced Albinus.

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Early modern France

The Kingdom of France in the early modern period, from the Renaissance (circa 1500–1550) to the Revolution (1789–1804), was a monarchy ruled by the House of Bourbon (a Capetian cadet branch).

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Ecdicius

Ecdicius Avitus (c. 420 – after 475) was a Gallo-Roman aristocrat, senator, and magister militum praesentalis from 474 until 475.

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Economy of Paris

Paris, including both the City of Paris and the Île-de-France region (Paris Region), is the most important center of economic activity in France, accounting for about thirty percent of the French GDP.

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Ectoedemia hendrikseni

Ectoedemia hendrikseni is a moth of the Nepticulidae family.

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Edith Wharton

Edith Wharton (born Edith Newbold Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American novelist, short story writer, and designer.

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Edmond Jaloux

Edmond Jaloux (19 June 1878, Marseille – 22 August 1949, Lutry) was a French novelist, essayist, and critic.

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Edmond Rostand

Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand (1 April 1868 – 2 December 1918) was a French poet and dramatist.

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Edmund Whitelocke

Edmund Whitelocke (1565–1608) was an English soldier, royal courtier and suspected conspirator.

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Eilif Peterssen

Hjalmar Eilif Emanuel Peterssen (September 4, 1852 – December 29, 1928) was a Norwegian painter.

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Einkorn wheat

Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to the wild species of wheat, Triticum boeoticum, or to the domesticated form, Triticum monococcum.

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Elder House of Welf

The Elder House of Welf was a Frankish noble dynasty of European rulers documented since the 9th century.

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Eleanor of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitaine (Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore,; 1124 – 1 April 1204) was queen consort of France (1137–1152) and England (1154–1189) and duchess of Aquitaine in her own right (1137–1204).

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Elias de Barjols

Elias de Barjols (fl. 1191–1230Gaunt and Kay, 283.) was a bourgeois Aquitainian troubadour who established himself in Provence and retired a monk.

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Elizabeth David

Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.

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Ellen Weiske

Ellen Wieske was born in Detroit, Michigan where she continued to live and attend college at Wayne State University.

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Elzéar of Sabran

Saint Elzéar of Sabran, T.O.S.F., Baron of Ansouis, Count of Ariano, was born in the castle of Saint-Jean-de-Robians, near Cabrières-d'Aigues in Provence, southern France, in 1285.

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Emma di Resburgo

Emma di Resburgo (Emma of Roxburgh) is a melodramma eroico (a heroic, serious opera) in two acts by Giacomo Meyerbeer.

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Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie

Emmanuel Bernard Le Roy Ladurie (born 19 July 1929) is a French historian whose work is mainly focused upon Languedoc in the Ancien Régime, particularly the history of the peasantry.

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Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest

Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest (1789 – February 26, 1881), was a French politician and diplomat during the Bourbon Restoration.

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Emor

Emor (— Hebrew for "speak," the fifth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 31st weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the eighth in the Book of Leviticus.

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En chamade

En chamade (French: "to sound a parley") refers to powerfully voiced reed stops in a pipe organ that have been mounted horizontally, rather than vertically, in the front of the organ case, projecting out into the church or concert hall.

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Enchanté

The Enchanté (Nice to meet you, literally: 'enchanted') is a Belgian-built barge of the ''spits'' category, originally named Maria, converted into a hotel barge.

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Eneas Sweetland Dallas

Eneas Sweetland Dallas (E. S. Dallas) (1828–1879) was a Scottish journalist and author.

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Enguerrand Quarton

Enguerrand Quarton (or Charonton) (1410 – 1466) was a French painter and manuscript illuminator whose few surviving works are among the first masterpieces of a distinctively French style, very different from either Italian or Early Netherlandish painting.

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Ensemble Renaissance

Renaissance Ensemble Serbia is the first early music ensemble in Serbia and the second in south-eastern Europe, having been founded in 1968 (the first in south-eastern Europe was Musica rediviva, founded in Sarajevo by Bojan Bujić, Milica Zečević-Osipov and Ivan Kalcina in 1967).

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Entrevaux

Entrevaux is a commune (municipality), former episcopal seat (not bishopric in title, that remained the Diocese of Glandèves) and Latin Catholic titular see in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

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Epiphany (holiday)

Epiphany, also Theophany, Little Christmas, or Three Kings' Day, is a Christian feast day that celebrates the revelation of God incarnate as Jesus Christ.

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Epistolae familiares

Epistolae familiares is the title of a collection of letters of Petrarch which he edited during his lifetime.

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Erhard Lommatzsch

Erhard Lommatzsch (2 February 1886, in Dresden – 20 January 1975, in Frankfurt am Main) was a German Romance philologist.

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Erich von Stroheim

Erich Oswald Hans Carl Maria von Stroheim (born Erich Oswald Stroheim; September 22, 1885 – May 12, 1957) was an Austrian-American director, actor and producer, most noted as a film star and avant garde, visionary director of the silent era.

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Ermengol VI, Count of Urgell

Ermengol (or Armengol) VI (10961154), called el de Castilla ("the one from Castile"), was the Count of Urgell from 1102 to his death.

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Ernest Reyer

Louis Étienne Ernest Reyer (1 December 1823 – 15 January 1909) was a French opera composer and music critic.

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Ernest Sauter

Ernest Sauter (–) was a German composer.

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Eros (concept)

Eros (or; ἔρως érōs "love" or "desire") is one of the four ancient Greco-Christian terms which can be rendered into English as "love".

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Ertel

Ertel is a surname originating from South Germany: from a personalized form of a name beginning with Ort-, from Old High German "ort": "point (of a sword or lance)." Ertel may also mean "Steel Smith." Ertel may be a derivation of other surnames, including "Ertl" and "Ertle." This surname of ERTEL has two origins.

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Estève Garcin

Estève Garcin (in French Étienne Garcin, born 16 April 1784 – dead 23 November 1859 in Draguignan) was an Occitan language writer from Provence.

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Eudokia Komnene, wife of William VIII of Montpellier

Eudokia Komnene (or Eudocia Comnena) (Εὐδοκία Κομνηνή, Eudokia Komnēnē) (c. 1160 – c. 1203) was a grand-niece of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, and wife of William VIII of Montpellier, but her parentage is uncertain.

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Eugène de Mazenod

Saint Eugène de Mazenod (born Charles-Joseph-Eugène de Mazenod; 1 August 1782 – 21 May 1861), more commonly known as Eugène de Mazenod, was a French Catholic clergyman, beatified on 19 October 1975 by Pope Paul VI, and canonized on 3 December 1995 by Pope John Paul II.

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Eugène Fidler

Eugène Fidler (Bălţi, Bessarabia, 1910 - Roussillon, Vaucluse, 1990) was a French painter and ceramicist of Bessarabian Jewish origin.

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Eugène François d'Arnauld

Eugène François d'Arnauld (1774-1854) was a French aristocrat and politician.

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Eugène Terre'Blanche

Eugène Ney Terre'Blanche (31 January 1941Terre'Blanche's year of birth is alternately given as 1941 or 1944. The majority of sources indicates 1941; sources that claim 1944 as his year of birth include, and the – 3 April 2010) was a South African white supremacist and Afrikaner nationalist who was the founder and leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB).

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Eugéne Mayor

Eugéne Mayor (7 June 1877, Neuchâtel – 14 September 1976, Neuchâtel) was a Swiss physician and mycologist.

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Euphrosine

Euphrosine, ou Le tyran corrigé (Euphrosine, or The Tyrant Reformed) is an opera, designated as a 'comédie mise en musique', by the French composer Étienne Nicolas Méhul with a libretto by François-Benoît Hoffman.

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Euric

Euric (Gothic: *Aiwareiks, see Eric), also known as Evaric, or Eurico in Spanish and Portuguese (c. 440 – 28 December 484), son of Theodoric I, ruled as king (rex) of the Visigoths, after murdering his brother, Theodoric II, from 466 until his death in 484.

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European Geoparks Network

The European Geoparks Network, also known as the EGN, is a trans-national partnership of Geoparks across Europe formed in 2000 to provide mutual support to established and prospective Geoparks across the continent.

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Eustache de Refuge

Eustache de Refuge, seigneur de Précy et de Courcelles (1564 - September 1617), was an Early Modern French courtier, statesman and author.

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Excuse My French (2006 TV series)

Excuse My French was an RDF language programme on the BBC where three celebrities with varying levels of French had one month to learn enough of the language to be able to carry out a task related to their area of expertise in French.

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Falquet de Romans

Falquet (or Folquet) de Romans (fl. 1215–1233) was the most famous troubadour attached to the court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, where he garnered a high reputation despite the fact that his career began as a jongleur.

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Farandole

The farandole is an open-chain community dance popular in Provence, France.

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Farfadet

Farfadets are creatures of French folklore.

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Farmhouse

A farmhouse is a building that serves as the primary residence in a rural or agricultural setting.

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Farmhouse in Provence

Farmhouse in Provence also known as Entrance Gate to a Farm with Haystacks was made in 1888 by Vincent van Gogh in Arles in Provence at the height of his career.

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Feather tights

Feather tights is the name usually given by art historians to a form of costume seen on Late Medieval depictions of angels, which shows them as if wearing a body suit with large scale-like overlapping downward-pointing elements representing feathers, as well as having large wings.

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Feral child

A feral child (also called wild child) is a human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age, where they have little or no experience of human care, behavior, or, crucially, of human language.

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Ferdinand Brunetière

Ferdinand Brunetière (19 July 1849 – 9 December 1906) was a French writer and critic.

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Feudalism

Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries.

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Fiat BR.20

The Fiat BR.20 Cicogna (Italian: "stork") was a low-wing twin-engine medium bomber that was developed and manufactured by Italian aircraft company Fiat.

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Fiat CR.42

The Fiat CR.42 Falco ("Falcon", plural: Falchi) was a single-seat sesquiplane fighter developed and produced by Italian aircraft manufacturer Fiat Aviazione.

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Fief

A fief (feudum) was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or "in fee") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty.

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First Crusade

The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.

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First White Terror

The White Terror was a period during the French Revolution in 1795, when a wave of violent attacks swept across much of France.

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Fish stew

Fish stew is a generic name for a stew with a base or food ingredients of fish or seafood.

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Florence Parly

Florence Parly (born May 8, 1963) is a French politician, who is serving as Minister of the Armed Forces in the Second Philippe Government, under President Emmanuel Macron.

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Folco de Baroncelli-Javon

Folco de Baroncelli-Javon (1 November 1869 – 15 December 1943), was a French writer and cattle farmer.

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Fontaine du Roi René

The Fontaine du Roi René is a listed fountain in Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, France.

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Fontbrégoua Cave

Fontbrégoua Cave is an archaeological site located in Provence, Southeastern France.

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Forbin

Forbin is a French surname.

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Forcade

Forcade (de), also written Fourcade (de), Forcada (de), Forquade (de), Forquada (de), Forcade (de la), Fourcade (de la), Laforcade (de) and Lafourcade (de) belongs to the nobility of GuyenneChaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 310 and Gascony,Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 313 in France, and of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Forcalquier

Forcalquier (Forcauquier) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

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Fort Saint-Jean (Marseille)

Fort Saint-Jean is a fortification in Marseille, built in 1660 by Louis XIV at the entrance to the Old Port.

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Forza Horizon 2

Forza Horizon 2 is an open-world racing video game developed for Microsoft's Xbox One and Xbox 360 consoles.

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Fougasse (bread)

In French cuisine, fougasse is a type of bread typically associated with Provence but found (with variations) in other regions.

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Fountains in France

Fountains in France provided drinking water to the inhabitants of the ancient Roman cities of France, and to French monasteries and villages during the Middle Ages.

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Four thieves vinegar

Four thieves vinegar (also called Marseilles vinegar, Marseilles remedy, prophylactic vinegar, vinegar of the four thieves, camphorated acetic acid, vinaigre des quatre voleurs and acetum quator furum) is a concoction of vinegar (either from red wine, white wine, cider, or distilled white) infused with herbs, spices or garlic that was believed to protect users from the plague.

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Fra Moriale

Montréal de Albarno, also known as Fra Moriale (1315 ? –August 1354) was a Provençal mercenary and condottiero.

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François de Beaumont

François de Beaumont, baron of Adrets (c. 1512/1513 – February 2, 1587) was a leader (capitaine dauphinois) of the Huguenots in the religious wars of The French Reformation.

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François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières

François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières (1 April 1543 – 21 September 1626) was a French soldier of the French Wars of Religion and Constable of France.

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François de Chevert

François de Chevert (2 February 1695 - 24 January 1769) was a French general.

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François de Fleury

François-Louis Teissèdre de Fleury (August 28, 1749–1799) was a French nobleman who joined the Royal Army in 1768 and later volunteered to fight in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

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François de Galiffet de Caffin

François de Galiffet de Caffin (1666 – 1746) was a military officer in New France.

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François de Linares

François Jean Antonin Gonzalez de Linarès (7 July 1897 – 2 March 1956) was a French general who commanded forces in World War II under General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny and in Vietnam under General Raoul Salan.

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François de Malherbe

François de Malherbe (1555 – October 16, 1628) was a French poet, critic, and translator.

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François de Ripert-Monclar

François de Ripert-Monclar (1844–1921) was a French aristocrat, landowner and diplomat.

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François de Tournon

François de Tournon (1489 in Tournon-sur-Rhône – 1562 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a French Augustinian monk, Archbishop, diplomat, courtier, and Cardinal.

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François Joseph Paul de Grasse

François Joseph Paul de Grasse (13 September 1722 – 11 January 1788), also known as Comte de Grasse, was a career French officer who achieved the rank of admiral.

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François Just Marie Raynouard

François Just Marie Raynouard (18 September 1761 – 27 October 1836) was a French dramatist and linguist.

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François Pagi

François Pagi (7 September 1654 – 21 January 1721) was a French Franciscan historian of the Catholic Church.

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François Savary de Brèves

François Savary de Brèves (1560, Melay – 22 April 1628, Paris) was a French ambassador of the 16th and 17th centuries as well as an Orientalist.

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François Toussaint Gros

François Toussaint Gros (in classical Occitan Francés Totsant Gròs) was an Occitan-language writer from Provence.

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François-Louis de Saillans

François-Louis de Saillans (30 October 1741 - 12 July 1792) was a French general under the Ancien Regime.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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France–Asia relations

France–Asia relations span a period of more than two millennia, starting in the 6th century BCE with the establishment of Marseille by Greeks from Asia Minor, and continuing in the 3rd century BCE with Gaulish invasions of Asia Minor to form the kingdom of Galatia and Frankish Crusaders forming the Crusader States.

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France–Italy relations

France–Italy relations refer to the interstate relations as well as the historical links between the French Republic and the Italian Republic (since 1946) and its predecessor the Kingdom of Italy (1861—1946).

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France–Morocco relations

France–Morocco relations are bilateral relations between Morocco and France.

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Francia

Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks (Regnum Francorum), or Frankish Empire was the largest post-Roman Barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.

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Francis II of France

Francis II (François II) (19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was a King of France of the House of Valois-Angoulême from 1559 to 1560.

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Francis of Assisi

Saint Francis of Assisi (San Francesco d'Assisi), born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, informally named as Francesco (1181/11823 October 1226), was an Italian Catholic friar, deacon and preacher.

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Francis, Count of Vendôme

Francis de Bourbon or François de Bourbon (Francis I, Count of Vendôme) (1470 – 30 October 1495), was a French prince.

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Franco-Cantabrian region

The Franco-Cantabrian region (also Franco-Cantabric region) is a term applied in archaeology and history to refer to an area that stretches from Asturias, in northern Spain, to Aquitaine and Provence in southern France.

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Francois Xavier Martin

François Xavier Martin (March 17, 1762 – December 10, 1846), was an American jurist and author, the first Attorney General of State of Louisiana, and longtime Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court.

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Frank Barrington Craig

Frank Barrington Craig (2 March 1902-4 February 1951), also known as Barry Craig, was a British painter of portraits and landscapes and also an art teacher.

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Frank Stitt

Frank Stitt III is the owner and executive chef of Highlands Bar and Grill, Bottega Restaurant, Bottega Cafe, and Chez Fon Fon in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Franks

The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum) were a collection of Germanic peoples, whose name was first mentioned in 3rd century Roman sources, associated with tribes on the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, on the edge of the Roman Empire.

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Frans Ykens

Frans Ykens (Antwerp, 1601 - Brussels, 1693) was a Flemish still life painter active in Antwerp and Brussels in the 17th century.

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Frat Maimon

Frat Maimon (also known as Prat Maimon or Solomon ben Menaham) was a Jewish Provençal scholar.

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Fraxinet

Fraxinet or Fraxinetum (translit or rtl Farakhsha, from Latin fraxinus: "ash tree", fraxinetum: "ash forest") was the site of a 10th-century fortress established by Muslims at modern La Garde-Freinet, near Saint-Tropez, in Provence.

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Frédéric Montenard

Frédéric Montenard (17 May 1849, Paris - 11 February 1926, Besse-sur-Issole) was a French landscape and seascape painter.

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Frédéric Rimbaud

Frédéric Rimbaud (7 October 1814 in Dole – 16 November 1878 in Dijon) was a French infantry officer.

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Fréjus Cathedral

Fréjus Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Léonce de Fréjus) is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Fréjus in the Var department of Provence, southeast France, and dedicated to Saint Leontius of Fréjus.

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Frederick Gore

Frederick John Pym Gore CBE RA (8 November 1913 – 31 August 2009), was a British painter.

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Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange

Frederick Henry, or Frederik Hendrik in Dutch (29 January 1584 – 14 March 1647), was the sovereign Prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel from 1625 to 1647.

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Free company

A free company (sometimes called a great company or grande companie) was an army of mercenaries between the 12th and 14th centuries recruited by private employers during wars.

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Free France

Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France.

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French art

French art consists of the visual and plastic arts (including architecture, woodwork, textiles, and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of France.

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French battleship Condorcet

Condorcet was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the early 1900s.

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French battleship Diderot

Diderot was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the early 1900s.

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French battleship Mirabeau

Mirabeau was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy (armée navale) in the first decade of the twentieth century.

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French battleship Provence

Provence was a battleship of the French Navy built in the 1910s, named in honor of the French region of Provence.

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French battleship Vergniaud

Vergniaud was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the late 1800s.

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French battleship Voltaire

Voltaire was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

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French cuisine

French cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices from France.

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French destroyer Le Fantasque

Le Fantasque ("The capricious one") was a large destroyer ("contre-torpilleur", "torpedo boat destroyer") of the French Navy which served during the Second World War.

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French Directory

The Directory or Directorate was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety.

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French football league system

The French football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in France and Monaco, and includes one Spanish side.

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French formal garden

The French formal garden, also called the jardin à la française (literally, "garden in the French manner" in French), is a style of garden based on symmetry and the principle of imposing order on nature.

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French ironclad Provence

The French ironclad Provence was the name ship of her class and was built for the French Navy during the 1860s.

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French Marines in Canada, 1683-1715

French Marines in Canada, 1683-1715 considers the Troupes de la marine in Canada, but not in other parts of New France, such as Acadia, Plaisance, and Île-Royale, during the period 1683-1715.

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French municipal elections, 1995

Municipal elections were held in France on 11 and 18 June 1995, more or less than one month after Jacques Chirac's election.

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French National Track Championships

The French National Track Championships are held annually and are composed of competitions of various track cycling disciplines across various age and gender categories.

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French people

The French (Français) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France.

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French poetry

French poetry is a category of French literature.

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French Riviera

The French Riviera (known in French as the Côte d'Azur,; Còsta d'Azur; literal translation "Coast of Azure") is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France.

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French ship Héros (1778)

Héros was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, known mostly for being the flagship of Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez during the Anglo-French War.

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French ship Provence (1763)

The Provence was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

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French submarine Mariotte

The French submarine Mariotte (Q74) was a submarine built for the French Navy prior to World War I. Intended to accompany the fleet, she was designed for high speed on the surface.

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French tian

A tian is an earthenware vessel of Provence used both for cooking and serving.

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French Way

The French Way (Camiño Francés, Camino Francés) is the most popular of the routes of the Way of St. James (Camino de Santiago), the ancient pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

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Friedrich Christian Diez

Friedrich Christian Diez (15 March 179429 May 1876) was a German philologist.

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Friedrich von Hausen

Friedrich von Hausen (Middle High German: Friderich von Hûsen) was a mediaeval German poet, one of the earliest of the Minnesingers; born some time between 1150–60; d. 6 May 1190.

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Frisian participation in the Crusades

Frisian participation in the Crusades is attested from the very beginning of the First Crusade, but their presence is only felt substantially during the Fifth Crusade.

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Fritz Stuckenberg

Fritz Stuckenberg (1881 in Munich, Germany – 1944 in Füssen, Germany) was a German expressionist painter.

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Gabelle

The gabelle was a very unpopular tax on salt in France that was established during the mid-14th century and lasted, with brief lapses and revisions, until 1946.

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Gabriel Frasca

Gabriel Frasca is an American chef.

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Gagea mauritanica

Gagea mauritanica is a Mediterranean plant species in the lily family.

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Galium minutulum

Galium minutulum is a species of plant in the Rubiaceae.

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Gallia Aquitania

Gallia Aquitania, also known as Aquitaine or Aquitaine Gaul, was a province of the Roman Empire.

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Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

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Gallus Anonymus

Gallus Anonymus (Polonized variant: Gall Anonim) is the name traditionally given to the anonymous author of Gesta principum Polonorum (Deeds of the Princes of the Poles), composed in Latin about 1115.

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Gandolfino d'Asti

Gandolfino d'Asti (before 1493 – after 1518) was an Italian painter, who was active in Piedmont during the early Renaissance.

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Gardens of the French Renaissance

The Gardens of the French Renaissance is a garden style, initially inspired by the Italian Renaissance garden, which evolved later into the grander and more formal Garden à la française during the reign of Louis XIV, by the middle of the 17th century.

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Gardian

A gardian is a mounted cattle herdsman in the Camargue delta in Provence, southern France.

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Gare d'Avignon-Centre

The gare d'Avignon-Centre (Avignon Central railway station) is a railway station serving the city of Avignon, in Vaucluse, France.

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Garlic soup

Garlic soup is a type of soup using garlic as a main ingredient.

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Gaspard de Saulx

Gaspard de Saulx, sieur de Tavannes (1509–1575) was a French Roman Catholic military leader during the Italian Wars and the French Wars of Religion.

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Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry (military engineer)

Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry (October 3, 1682 – March 23, 1756), was Louis XV's Chief Engineer of New France.

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Gastornis

Gastornis is an extinct genus of large flightless birds that lived during the late Paleocene and Eocene epochs of the Cenozoic era.

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Gavaudan

Gavaudan (fl. c. 11951215, known in 1212–1213) was a troubadour and hired soldier (soudadier) at the courts of both Raymond V and Raymond VI of Toulouse and later on in Castile.

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Gavotte

The gavotte (also gavot, gavote, or gavotta) is a French dance, taking its name from a folk dance of the Gavot, the people of the Pays de Gap region of Dauphiné in the southeast of France, where the dance originated according to one source.

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Gay Purr-ee

Gay Purr-ee is a 1962 American animated film musical produced by United Productions of America and released by Warner Bros. It features the voice of Judy Garland in her only animated-film role, as well as Robert Goulet in his first feature film.

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Généralité

Recettes générales, commonly known as généralités, were the administrative divisions of France under the Ancien Régime and are often considered to prefigure the current préfectures.

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Géo Voumard

Géo Voumard (2 December 1920 – 3 September 2008) was a Swiss jazz pianist and composer.

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Gérald Passédat

Gérald Passédat (born 24 March 1960) is a French chef, owner of the restaurant Le Petit Nice in Marseille.

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Gérard Calvet

Dom Gérard Calvet (November 18, 1927 – February 28, 2008) was a French Roman Catholic abbot and founder of the Sainte Madeleine du Barroux abbey in Le Barroux, France.

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Gérard Coste

Gérard Coste (born 24 March 1939), is a French painter and diplomat, who was born in Marseille.

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Gérard Locardi

Gérard Locardi (15 April 1915, Paris – 12 April 1998, Marseille) was a French painter.

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Genetic history of Europe

The genetic history of Europe since the Upper Paleolithic is inseparable from that of wider Western Eurasia.

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Genetic history of Italy

The genetic history of the Italians is greatly influenced by geography and history.

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Genusaurus

Genusaurus (meaning "knee lizard") is a genus of dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous.

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Geoffrey II of Provence

Geoffrey II (also Josfred or Josfredus; died 13 February 1067) was the first count of Forcalquier following the death of his father Fulk Bertrand in 1062.

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Geology of the Pyrenees

The Pyrenees are a 430 kilometre long, roughly east-west striking, intracontinental mountain chain that divide France, Spain, and Andorra.

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George J. Adler

George J. Adler (1821, Leipzig, Germany – August 24, 1868, New York, New York) was a noted philologist and linguist.

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George Mavrothalassitis

George Mavrothalassitis is a chef and restaurateur known as one of the cofounders of Hawaii Regional Cuisine in the early 1990s.

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George Psalmanazar

George Psalmanazar (c. 1679 – 3 May 1763) was a Frenchman who claimed to be the first native of Formosa (today Taiwan) to visit Europe.

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Georges Burou

Georges Burou (1910–1987) was a French gynecologist who managed a clinic in Casablanca, Morocco and is widely credited with innovating modern sex reassignment surgery for trans women.

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Georges de Scudéry

Georges de Scudéry (22 August 1601 – 14 May 1667), the elder brother of Madeleine de Scudéry, was a French novelist, dramatist and poet.

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Gerberga, Countess of Provence

Gerberga (1045/65–1115), also spelled Gerberge or Gerburge, was the Countess of Provence for more than a decade, until 1112.

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Gerlesborg School of Fine Art

The Gerlesborg School of Fine Art (Gerlesborgsskolan) is an art school located in the village of Gerlesborg, south of Hamburgsund in Tanum Municipality, Bohuslän, Sweden.

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Gesta principum Polonorum

The Gesta principum Polonorum (Deeds of the Princes of the Poles) is a medieval gesta, or deeds narrative, concerned with Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth, his ancestors, and the Polish principality during and before his reign.

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Giacomo Benevelli

Giacomo Benevelli (1925 in Reggio Emilia, North of Italy – July 13, 2011 in Pavia, Italy) was an Italian and French sculptor.

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Giardino all'italiana

The Giardino all'italiana or Italian garden is stylistically based on symmetry, axial geometry and on the principle of imposing order over nature.

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Gibassier

A gibassier (formerly gibacier) is a French pastry from Provence, a galette made with fruited olive oil.

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Gigliato

The Gigliato, also Gillat or Carlino, was a coin of pure silver established in 1303 by Charles II of Anjou in Naples, and then also in Provence from 1330.

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Gilbert Horal

Gilbert Horal or Erail (died December 1200) was the 12th Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1193 to 1200.

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Gillian Duffy

Gillian Duffy is an English food writer and editor of ''New York'' magazine, and 2015 winner of the James Beard Foundation award for Food Journalism - Visual Storytelling.

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Giovanni Mazone

Giovanni Mazone (or Masone, Mazzoni) (c.1453 – c. 1510) was an Italian painter and woodcarver active in Genoa.

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Gipsy Kings

The Gipsy Kings are a group of flamenco, salsa and pop musicians from Arles and Montpellier in the south of France, who perform in Andalusian Spanish.

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Giuseppe Bottai

Giuseppe Bottai (3 September 1895 – 9 January 1959) was an Italian journalist, and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini.

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Glanis

Glanis was a Gaulish god associated with a healing spring at the town of Glanum in the Alpilles mountains of Provence in southern France.

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Glanum

Glanum (Hellenistic Γλανόν, as well as Glano, Calum, Clano, Clanum, Glanu, Glano) was an oppidum, or fortified town in present day Provence, founded by a Celto-Ligurian people called the Salyes in the 6th century BCE.

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Gnosticism

Gnosticism (from γνωστικός gnostikos, "having knowledge", from γνῶσις, knowledge) is a modern name for a variety of ancient religious ideas and systems, originating in Jewish-Christian milieus in the first and second century AD.

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Go Fridge

Go Fridge is a Chinese cooking show produced by Tencent Video.

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Godefroy Wendelin

Govaert Wendelen, Latinized Godefridus Wendelinus, or sometimes Vendelinus (6 June 1580 – 24 October 1667) was a Flemish astronomer.

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Gondulf of Provence

Duke Gondulf (Gondulphus, Gondulfus, Gundulfus), was also known as Gundulf.

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Gontran de Poncins

Jean-Pierre Gontran de Montaigne, vicomte de Poncins, known as Gontran De Poncins (August 19, 1900 - September 1, 1962), was a French writer and adventurer.

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Grange Furniture

Grange Furniture is a furniture shop in Monts du Lyonnais, France that was established by Joseph Grange in 1904.

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Great Company (German)

The Great Company was a group of mercenaries, chiefly of German origin but operating in the Italian peninsula, who flourished in the mid-14th century.

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Great Continental Railway Journeys

Great Continental Railway Journeys is a British television documentary series presented by Michael Portillo.

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Great Fear

The Great Fear (la Grande Peur) was a general panic that took place between 17 July and 3 August 1789, at the start of the French Revolution.

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Greek exonyms

Below is a list of modern-day Greek language exonyms for mostly European places outside of Greece and Cyprus.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.

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Green Wheat Field with Cypress

Green Wheat Field with Cypress (French: Champ de blé vert avec cyprès) is an oil on canvas painting by a Dutch Post-Impressionist Vincent van Gogh.

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Greenwich Mean Time

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.

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Greeting

Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship (usually cordial) or social status (formal or informal) between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.

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Grey Goose (vodka)

Grey Goose is a brand of vodka produced in France.

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Grignan

Grignan is a commune in the Drôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

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Grisélidis

Grisélidis is an opera (described as a 'conte lyrique') in three acts and a prologue by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Armand Silvestre and Eugène Morand.

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Groß-Gerau

Groß-Gerau is the district seat of the Groß-Gerau district, lying in the southern Frankfurt Rhein-Main Region in Hesse, Germany, and serving as a hub for the surrounding area.

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Gui de Cavalhon

Gui de Cavalhon, Cavaillo, or Gavaillo (fl. 1200–1229) was a Provençal nobleman: a diplomat, warrior, and man of letters.

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Guide Hachette des Vins

The Guide Hachette des Vins is a French wine buying guide published by Hachette Livre (Hachette Pratique).

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Guide to Strange Places

Guide to Strange Places is an orchestral composition by the American composer John Adams.

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Guilhem de Montanhagol

Guilhem (de) Montanhagol (fl. 1233–1268) was a Provençal troubadour, most likely active in Toulouse, but known in the courts of Provence, Toulouse, Castile, and Aragon.

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Guilhem Rainol d'At

Guilhem Rainol d'At (also Guillem; fl. 1209) was a minor Provençal troubadour from Apt in the Vaucluse.

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Guillaume de Littera

Guillaume de Littera (1371–1452) was a French Roman Catholic canon and provost in Aix-en-Provence as well as vicar in a diocese encompassing several localities in Provence.

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Guillaume de Villaret

Guillaume de Villaret (Occitan: Guilhem del Vilaret, Catalan: Guillem del Vilaret) (died 1305), a native of Languedoc-Roussillon was the 24th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers, a position he held from 1296 to his death.

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Guillaume du Vair

Guillaume du Vair (7 March 1556 – 3 August 1621) was a French author and lawyer.

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Guillaume III des Porcellets

Guillaume III des Porcellets (1217-1288) was a French Knight and Lord.

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Guillelma de Rosers

Guillelma de Rosers (fl. 1235–1265), also spelled Guilleuma, Guillielma, Guilielma, or Guilhelma, was a Provençal trobairitz of the mid-thirteenth century, one of the last known trobairitz.

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Guillem de l'Olivier

Guillem de l'Olivier d'Arle, also spelled Guilhem del Olivier, was a troubadour, probably active after 1260.

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Guiraut d'Espanha

Guiraut d'Espanha (or de Tholoza (fl. 1245–1265) was of the last generation of troubadours, working in Provence at the court of Charles of Anjou and Countess Beatrice.Aubrey, 24. Many of his poems were addressed to Beatrice. Guiraut was either from Spain or Toulouse—the manuscripts differ—but ten of his dansas, a pastorela, and a baladeta survive. One of his dansas, Ben volgra s'esser poges, survives with a melody. It begins: And ends: He also wrote Per amor soi gai.

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Guiraut de Calanso

Giraut or Guiraut de Calanso or Calanson (fl. 1202–1212)Gaunt and Kay, 286.

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Gulf of Lion

The Gulf of Lion (French: golfe du Lion, Spanish: golfo de León, Italian: Golfo del Leone, Occitan: golf del/dau Leon, Catalan: golf del Lleó, Medieval Latin: sinus Leonis, mare Leonis, Classical Latin: sinus Gallicus) is a wide embayment of the Mediterranean coastline of Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence in France, reaching from the border with Catalonia in the west to Toulon.

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Gustaf Sobin

Gustaf Sobin (November 15, 1935 – July 7, 2005) was a U.S.-born poet and author who spent most of his adult life in France.

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Guy Gavriel Kay

Guy Gavriel Kay (born November 7, 1954) is a Canadian writer of fantasy fiction.

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Hachmei Provence

The term Hachmei Provence refers to the Jewish rabbis of Provence, a province in southern France, which was a great Torah center in the times of the Tosafists.

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Han Yujoo

Han Yujoo (born 1982) is a South Korean writer.

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Haplogroup E-V68

Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia and Europe.

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Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) by country

In human genetics, Haplogroup G (M201) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup None of the sampling done by research studies shown here would qualify as true random sampling, and thus any percentages of haplogroup G provided country by country are only rough approximations of what would be found in the full population.

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Haplogroup I-M170

Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup I-M438

Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (and until 2007 as I1b), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of Haplogroup I-M170.

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Haplogroup J-M267

In Genetic genealogy and human genetics, Y DNA haplogroup J-M267, also commonly known as Haplogroup J1 is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209, (commonly known as Haplogroup J) along with its sibling clade Y DNA haplogroup J-M172 (commonly known as Haplogroup J2).

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Harelle

The Harelle (from ''haro'') was a revolt that occurred in the French city of Rouen in 1382 and followed by the Maillotins Revolt a few days later in Paris, as well as numerous other revolts across France in the subsequent week.

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Harold Ambellan

Harold Ambellan (1912–2006) was an American sculptor.

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Harold Gilman

Harold John Wilde Gilman (11 February 187612 February 1919) was a British painter of interiors, portraits and landscapes, and a founder-member of the Camden Town Group.

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Harold Peto

Harold Ainsworth Peto FRIBA (11 July 1854 – 16 April 1933) was a British architect, landscape architect and garden designer, who worked in Britain and in Provence, France.

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Harry Rabinowitz

Harry Rabinowitz MBE (26 March 1916 – 22 June 2016) was a British conductor and composer of film and television music.

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Hart Schaffner Marx

Hart Schaffner Marx, founded in 1887 and incorporated in 1911 as Hart Schaffner & Marx, is an American manufacturer of tailored menswear.

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Hautes-Alpes

Hautes-Alpes (Auts Aups) is a department in southeastern France named after the Alps mountain range.

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Hayreddin Barbarossa

Hayreddin Barbarossa (Arabic: Khayr ad-Din Barbarus خير الدين بربروس), (Ariadenus Barbarussa), or Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha (Barbaros Hayreddin (Hayrettin) Paşa or Hızır Hayreddin (Hayrettin) Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the rank of Pasha and becoming the Kapudan Pasha), born Khizr or Khidr (Turkish: Hızır; c. 1478 – 4 July 1546), was an Ottoman admiral of the fleet who was born on the island of Lesbos and died in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital.

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Hôtel d'Europe

The Hôtel d'Europe is a five star hotel located in the old historical part of Avignon, in Provence, France.

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Helichrysum orientale

Helichrysum orientale, also known as everlasting and immortelle, is the type species for the genus Helichrysum.

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Hellenistic period

The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.

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Henri Bosco

Henri Bosco (16 November 1888 – 4 May 1976) was a French writer.

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Henri d'Angoulême

Henri de Valois, duc d'Angoulême (1551 in Aix-la-Chapelle – 1586 in Aix-en-Provence), sometimes called "Henri, bâtard de Valois" or "Henri de France", was a Légitimé de France, cleric, and military commander during the Wars of Religion.

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Henri Julien (motor sports)

Henri Julien (18 September 1927 – 13 July 2013) was a French racing car driver and motor sports team founder.

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Henri Raybaud

Henri Charles Raybaud (born 4 June 1879 in Marseille) was a French sculptor.

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Henri Révoil

Henri Révoil (1822–1900) was a 19th-century French architect.

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Henri Sappia

Enrico Sappia (1833-1906) was a journalist and author.

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Henri Tomasi

Henri Tomasi (17 August 1901 – 13 January 1971) was a French classical composer and conductor.

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Henry Herbert La Thangue

Henry Herbert La Thangue (19 January 1859 – 21 December 1929) was an English realist rural landscape painter associated with the Newlyn School.

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Henry II of France

Henry II (Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.

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Henry Medley

Henry Medley (1687 – 5 August 1747) was an officer of the Royal Navy, rising to the rank of vice-admiral.

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Henry VII of Brzeg

Henry VII with a Scar also known as the Courageous or of Brzeg (Henryk VII z Blizną, Waleczny or brzeski; 1343/45 – 11 July 1399), was a Duke of Brzeg (Brieg) since 1361 (as co-regent of his father until 1398) and ruler of Niemcza since 1395.

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Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry VII (German: Heinrich; c. 1275 – 24 August 1313)Kleinhenz, pg.

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Herbes de Provence

Herbes de Provence is a mixture of dried herbs considered typical of the Provence region of southeast France.

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Hercule (film)

Hercule is a 1938 French comedy film directed by Alexander Esway and starring Fernandel, Gaby Morlay and Pierre Brasseur.

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Heston Blumenthal

Heston Marc Blumenthal, OBE (born 27 May 1966) is a British celebrity chef.

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Hey Na Na

Hey Na Na is the ninth studio album by Brazilian rock band Os Paralamas do Sucesso.

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Hilary of Arles

Saint Hilary of Arles, also known by his Latin name Hilarius (c. 403-449), was a bishop of Arles in Southern France.

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Hippolyte Ferrat

Hippolyte Ferrat (1822–1882) was a French sculptor from Aix-en-Provence.

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Hippolyte François Jaubert

Count Hippolyte François Jaubert (28 October 1798 – 5 December 1874) was a French politician and botanist.

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Hippolyte Hanry

Hippolyte Hanry (15 April 1807, Casale Monferrato, Italy – 1893) was a French botanical collector and taxonomist.

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Hispanic

The term Hispanic (hispano or hispánico) broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain.

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History of antisemitism

The history of antisemitism – defined as hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group – goes back many centuries; antisemitism has been called "the longest hatred".

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History of Avignon

The following is a history of Avignon, France.

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History of California wine

California wine has a long and continuing history, and in the late twentieth century became recognized as producing some of the world's finest wine.

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History of Catalonia

The territory that now constitutes the nationality and autonomous community of Catalonia was first settled during the Middle Palaeolithic era.

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History of communism

The history of communism encompasses a wide variety of ideologies and political movements sharing the core theoretical values of common ownership of wealth, economic enterprise and property.

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History of France

The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age.

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History of Islam in southern Italy

The history of Islam in Sicily and Southern Italy began with the first Muslim settlement in Sicily, at Mazara, which was captured in 827.

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History of Paris

The oldest traces of human occupation in Paris, discovered in 2008 near the Rue Henri-Farman in the 15th arrondissement, are human bones and evidence of an encampment of hunter-gatherers dating from about 8000 BC, during the Mesolithic period.

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History of Provence

The historic French province of Provence, located in the southeast corner of France between the Alps, the Mediterranean, the Rhone River and the upper reaches of the Durance River, was inhabited by Ligures since Neolithic times; by the Celtic since about 900 BC, and by Greek colonists since about 600 BC.

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History of saffron

Human cultivation and use of saffron spans more than 3,500 years and extends across cultures, continents, and civilizations.

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History of Sardinia

Archaeological evidence of prehistoric human settlement on the island of Sardinia is present in the form of nuraghes and others prehistoric monuments, which dot the land.

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History of silk

The production of silk originates in China in the Neolithic (Yangshao culture, 4th millennium BC).

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History of the Alps

The valleys of the Alps have been inhabited since prehistoric times.

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History of the Basques

The Basques (Euskaldunak) are an indigenous ethno-linguistic group mainly inhabiting Basque Country (adjacent areas of Spain and France).

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History of the Catholic Church in France

The history of the Catholic Church in France is inseparable from the history of France, and should be analyzed in its peculiar relationship with the State, with which it was progressively confused, confronted, and separated.

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History of the Church of England

The formal history of the Church of England is traditionally dated by the Church to the Gregorian mission to Spain by Saint Augustine of Canterbury in AD 597.

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History of the euro

The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s.

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History of the Jews in France

The history of the Jews in France deals with the Jews and Jewish communities in France.

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History of the Jews in Italy

The history of the Jews in Italy spans more than two thousand years.

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History of the Jews in the Balearic Islands

The history of the Jews in the Balearic Islands goes back more than a thousand years.

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History of the Jews in the Middle Ages

Jewish history in the Middle Ages covers the period from the 5th to the 15th century.

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History of the Jews in Thessaloniki

The history of the Jews of Thessaloniki, (Greece) reaches back two thousand years.

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History of the Netherlands

The history of the Netherlands is the history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.

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Hjalmar Haalke

Hjalmar Kristian Haalke (12 April 1894 – 1 December 1964) was a Norwegian painter.

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HMS Alarm (1758)

HMS Alarm was a 32-gun fifth rate ''Niger''-class frigate of the Royal Navy, and was the first Royal Navy ship to bear this name.

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HMS Roebuck (1743)

HMS Roebuck was a 44-gun, fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy.

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Holmby Hills, Los Angeles

Holmby Hills is a neighborhood in the district of Westwood in western Los Angeles.

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Honoratus

Honoratus (Saint Honorat or Saint Honoré; c. 350 – January 6, 429) was an early Archbishop of Arles, who was also the Abbot of Lérins Abbey.

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Honoré Bonet

Honoré Bonet (c. 1340 – c. 1410) was a Provençal Benedictine, the prior of Salon near Embrun.

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Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau

Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Count of Mirabeau (9 March 17492 April 1791) was a leader of the early stages of the French Revolution.

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Honoré Muraire

Honoré Muraire, (5 November 1750 - 20 November 1837) was a French statesman of the French Revolution.

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Honoré Tournély

Honoré Tournély (28 August 1658 – 26 December 1729) was a French Catholic theologian.

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Hortense Diédhiou

Hortense (also spelled Hortance, Hortence and Hortanse) Diédhiou (born 19 August 1983) is a Senegalese judoka.

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House of Barcelona

The House of Barcelona was a medieval dynasty that ruled the County of Barcelona continuously from 878 and the Crown of Aragon from 1137 (as kings from 1162) until 1410.

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House of Castellane

The House of Castellane is a very ancient French noble house originating in Provence and descended from Thibault, count of Arles in the 9th century.

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House of Dampierre

The Dampierre family played an important role during the Middle Ages.

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House of Estienne

The house of Estienne is a French noble family from Provence.

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House of Grimaldi

The House of Grimaldi is associated with the history of the Republic of Genoa, Italy and of the Principality of Monaco.

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House of Valois-Anjou

The House of Valois-Anjou (Casa Valois-Angiò) was a noble French family, deriving from the royal family, the House of Valois.

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Hugh Faulkner

James Hugh Faulkner, (March 9, 1933 – April 18, 2016) was a Canadian politician.

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Hugh, Duke of Alsace

Hugh or Hugo (before 855 – 895) was an illegitimate son of Lothair II, king of Lotharingia, by his concubine Waldrada.

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Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle

Fra' Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle (13 April 1531 – 4 May 1595) was the 52nd Grand Master of the Order of Malta, between 1582 and 1595.

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Humanitas

Humanitas is a Latin noun meaning human nature, civilization, and kindness.

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Humbert I, Count of Savoy

Humbert I (Umberto I; – 1042 or 1047 1048), better known as Humbert the White-Handed (Humbert aux blanches-mains) or (Umberto Biancamano) was the founder of the House of Savoy.

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Hunald I

Hunald I, also spelled Hunold, Hunoald, Hunuald or Chunoald (died 756), was the Duke of Aquitaine from 735 until 745.

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Hundred Days

The Hundred Days (les Cent-Jours) marked the period between Napoleon's return from exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).

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Hungarian invasions of Europe

The Hungarian invasions of Europe (kalandozások, Ungarneinfälle) took place in the ninth and tenth centuries, the period of transition in the history of Europe between the Early and High Middle Ages, when the territory of the former Carolingian Empire was threatened by invasion from multiple hostile forces, the Magyars (Hungarians) from the east, the Viking expansion from the north and the Arabs from the south.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Magyarország) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history and speak the Hungarian language.

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Hypselosaurus

Hypselosaurus (meaning 'highest lizard', from Greek ὑψηλός meaning 'high' or 'lofty' and σαυρος meaning 'lizard') was a dubious titanosaurian sauropod that lived in southern France during the Late Cretaceous, approximately 70 million years ago in the early Maastrichtian.