Serpierite: Mineral information, data and localities.
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Serpierite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About SerpieriteHide

03148340014947259009979.jpg
Giovanni Battista Serpieri
Formula:
Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Colour:
Dark sky-blue ("linarite-blue") to medium sky-blue; greenish blue in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
3.07
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1881 by Alfred Louis Olivier Legrand Des Cloizeaux in honor of Giovanni Battista Serpieri [March 23, 1832 Rimini, Italia - October 17, 1897 Athens, Greece], revolutionary, engineer, Italian mining entrepreneur, and a developer of mines in the Lavrion District, Attiki, Greece.
Isostructural with:
Ca-analogue of aldridgeite.

Platy varieties are visually indistinguishable from orthoserpierite.

Warning: Slightly to moderately soluble in water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaning.

Note that the Serpieri mine/shaft is NOT the type locality of serpierite. The old literature providing a first description of the mineral gives only Lavrion or Kamariza as the locality.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3625
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3625:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
ac60133e-f692-4736-ab32-7b5c935adfb5

IMA Classification of SerpieriteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of SerpieriteHide

7.DD.30

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
31.6.2.1
31.6.2.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
25.5.7

25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
SpeIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SerpieriteHide

Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Pearly on the cleavage.
Colour:
Dark sky-blue ("linarite-blue") to medium sky-blue; greenish blue in transmitted light.
Streak:
White or pale blue
Hardness:
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}.
Fracture:
Splintery
Density:
3.07 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.08 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of SerpieriteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.584(3) nβ = 1.642(3) nγ = 1.647(3)
2V:
Measured: 33° to 37°, Calculated: 37°
Birefringence:
0.063
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.063
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
small
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = c = Nearly colourless
Y = a = Deep greenish blue
Z = b = Deep greenish blue

Chemistry of SerpieriteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O

Crystallography of SerpieriteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 22.186(2) Å, b = 6.250(2) Å, c = 21.853(2) Å
β = 113.36(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.55 : 1 : 3.496
Unit Cell V:
2,781.81 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Typically occurs as clusters or sprays of lath-like to acicular micro-crystals, elongated on [100] and flattened on {001}; more rarely botryoidal.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0009345SerpieriteSabelli C, Zanazzi P F (1968) The crystal structure of serpierite Acta Crystallographica B24 1214-12211968Laurion mine, Greece0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.20 Å(100)
6.05 Å(5)
5.61 Å(10)
5.09 Å(80)
4.74 Å(40)
4.58 Å(5)
4.37 Å(10)
3.90 Å(10)
3.53 Å(20)
3.39 Å(80)
3.17 Å(40)
3.01 Å(10)
2.832 Å(10)
2.708 Å(60)
2.650 Å(60)
2.554 Å(40)
2.440 Å(60)
2.341 Å(5)
2.294 Å(20)
2.232 Å(5)
2.172 Å(60)
2.114 Å(5)
2.063 Å(10)
2.019 Å(10)
1.955 Å(5)
1.902 Å(40)
1.847 Å(5)
1.809 Å(5)
1.767 Å(10)
1.734 Å(10)
1.695 Å(20)
1.669 Å(5)
1.626 Å(5)
1.586 Å(10)
1.567 Å(60)
1.542 Å(40)
1.509 Å(5)
1.493 Å(10)
1.473 Å(10)
Comments:
ICDD 22-148

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Type Occurrence of SerpieriteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Paris, France, 73.38, 78.226
Geological Setting of Type Material:
secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of hydrothermal Cu–Zn-bearing hydrothermal mineral deposits
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for SerpieriteHide

Relationship of Serpierite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aldridgeite(Cd,Ca)(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O Mon. 2/m : B2/b
CampigliaiteMn2+Cu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OMon. 2 : B2
DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
KobyasheviteCu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
LautenthalitePbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
OrthoserpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OOrth. mm2 : Pca21
Unnamed (Dimorph of Devilline)CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
Structurally related to group(s):

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
90 photos of Serpierite associated with LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
54 photos of Serpierite associated with GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
52 photos of Serpierite associated with BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
33 photos of Serpierite associated with KtenasiteZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O
30 photos of Serpierite associated with Schulenbergite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O
29 photos of Serpierite associated with MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
28 photos of Serpierite associated with SmithsoniteZnCO3
22 photos of Serpierite associated with HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
22 photos of Serpierite associated with ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O
20 photos of Serpierite associated with LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

7.DD.AsagiiteNiCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.05FelsőbányaiteAl4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2OMon. 2 : P21
7.DD.07LlantenesiteCu6Al[SeO4](OH)12Cl · 3H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DD.10LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. m
7.DD.10PosnjakiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2OMon. m : Pm
7.DD.10WroewolfeiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. m : Pm
7.DD.10GobeliniteCoCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DD.10FehriteMgCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.15SpangoliteCu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
7.DD.15KobyasheviteCu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.DD.15Unnamed (Dimorph of Devilline)CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.20KtenasiteZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.25ChristeliteCu2Zn3(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.DD.30CampigliaiteMn2+Cu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OMon. 2 : B2
7.DD.30DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.30OrthoserpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OOrth. mm2 : Pca21
7.DD.30NiedermayriteCdCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DD.30EdwardsiteCu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.35Carrboydite(Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35Honessite(Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.
7.DD.35Hydrohonessite(Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35MotukoreaiteMg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.DD.35Mountkeithite[(Mg1-xFe3+x)(OH)2][SO4]x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35ShigaiteMn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DD.35WermlanditeMg7Al2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3c1
7.DD.35WoodwarditeCu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.DD.35ZincaluminiteZn6Al6(SO4)2(OH)16 · 5H2O
7.DD.35Hydrowoodwardite(Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.DD.35ZincowoodwarditeZn1-xAlx(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.
7.DD.35NatroglaucoceriniteZn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OHex.
7.DD.35NikischeriteFe2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DD.40IsseliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2OOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
7.DD.40Lawsonbauerite(Mn2+,Mg)9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.40Torreyite(Mg,Mn2+)72Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.45MooreiteMg92Mn2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)26 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
7.DD.45Hodgesmithite(Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.47LahnsteiniteZn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O Tric. 1 : P1
7.DD.50NamuwiteZn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.50Minohlite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 8H2OHex.
7.DD.52LauraniiteCu6Cd2(SO4)2(OH)12 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.55BechereriteZn7Cu(OH)13[(SiO(OH)3(SO4)]Trig. 3 : P3
7.DD.60Ramsbeckite(Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2OMon. 2/m
7.DD.65VonbezingiteCa6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.70RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.75ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2OMon. 2 : P21
7.DD.75NickelalumiteNiAl4(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)3Mon. 2/m
7.DD.75KyrgyzstaniteZnAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2OMon. 2/m
7.DD.80GuarinoiteZn6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2OHex.
7.DD.80Schulenbergite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3
7.DD.80ThérèsemagnaniteNaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.80UM1992-30-SO:CCuHZn(Zn,Cu)7(SO4,CO3)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.85MontetrisaiteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · 2H2OOrth. mm2 : Cmc21

Fluorescence of SerpieriteHide

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Readily soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SerpieriteHide

References for SerpieriteHide

Reference List:

Localities for SerpieriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Georgiana Co.
      • Burraga
    • Kennedy Co.
      • Condobolin district
    • Murray Co.
      • Tarago
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
        • Broken Hill
          • Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
  • South Australia
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
        • Chandlers Hill
  • Tasmania
    • West Coast municipality
      • Zeehan mining district
        • Zeehan mineral field
          • Tasmanian Smelting Company site
  • Western Australia
    • Northampton Shire
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Flattnitz
      • Guttaring
        • Waitschach
      • Micheldorf
        • Hirt
      • Mölbling
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Rennweg am Katschberg
        • Pölla valley
            • Arsenic mine
    • Villach-Land District
      • Finkenstein am Faaker See
        • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
    • Wolfsberg District
      • Reichenfels
        • Mischlinggraben
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
          • Schwarzleograben
            • Schwarzleo mining district
            • Vogel Alp
      • Rauris
        • Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area
          • Kolm-Saigurn
  • Styria
    • Liezen District
      • Öblarn
        • Walchen
  • Tyrol
    • Kufstein District
      • Brixlegg
        • Geyer - Silberberg District
          • Silberberg
            • West slope ("Am Geyer")
    • Schwaz District
      • Ringenwechsel mining district
        • Weißer Schrofen
Belgium
 
  • Flanders
    • Limburg
      • Dilsen-Stokkem
        • Rotem
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
      • Plombières
      • Trooz
    • Namur
      • Andenne
Canada
 
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Newfoundland
      • Buchans
  • Ontario
    • Rainy River District
      • Little Turtle Lake Area
Chile
 
  • Atacama
    • Huasco Province
      • Vallenar
        • Sierra Bolsico mining area
  • Tarapacá
    • Tamarugal Province
      • Pica
        • Collahuasi mining district
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Kutná Hora District
      • Kutná Hora
        • Vrchlice river valley
    • Příbram District
      • Lhota u Příbramě
      • Příbram
        • Bohutín
          • Bohutín deposit
        • Březové Hory
          • Březové Hory deposit
          • Černojamské deposit
      • Vrančice
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
      • Ostrov
        • Hanušov
          • Plavno mine
    • Sokolov District
      • Krásno
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
  • Ústí nad Labem Region
    • Chomutov District
      • Měděnec
    • Teplice District
      • Krupka
        • Horní Krupka
          • Komárí Vízka Hill
        • Vrchoslav
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Haute-Loire
      • Brioude
        • Lubilhac
    • Isère
      • Vienne
    • Loire
      • Roanne
        • Le Crozet
    • Rhône
      • Villefranche-sur-Saône
        • Chessy
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Nièvre
      • Clamecy
        • La Collancelle
  • Brittany
    • Finistère
      • Châteaulin
        • Poullaouen
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Foix
        • Auzat
    • Aveyron
      • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
        • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
    • Gard
      • Le Vigan
        • Montdardier
        • Saint-Félix-de-Pallières
    • Hautes-Pyrénées
    • Lot
      • Figeac
        • Cuzac
    • Lozère
      • Florac
        • Vialas
    • Tarn
      • Castres
        • Montredon-Labessonnié
          • Peyrebrune
  • Pays de la Loire
    • Loire-Atlantique
      • Nantes
        • Couëron
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Gap
        • Orpierre
          • Orpierre mines
    • Var
      • Toulon
        • Le Pradet
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Münstertal
          • Belchen
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Sommerkahl
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
      • Hersfeld-Rotenburg
        • Bebra
        • Nentershausen
          • Süß
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Bad Harzburg
        • Radau valley
      • Braunlage
        • St Andreasberg
      • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
        • Oberschulenberg
      • Goslar
        • Rammelsberg
      • Langelsheim
        • Astfeld
        • Grane Reservoir
        • Lautenthal
    • Oder valley
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Arnsberg
          • Hüsten
        • Bestwig
          • Ramsbeck
        • Marsberg
        • Meschede
        • Sundern
          • Bönkhausen
      • Märkischer Kreis
        • Hemer
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Hilchenbach
          • Müsen
        • Siegen
          • Niederschelden
        • Wilnsdorf
    • Cologne
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
      • Düren
        • Untermaubach
      • Euskirchen
        • Kall
      • Oberbergischer Kreis
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
    • Düsseldorf
      • Mettmann
        • Heiligenhaus
        • Velbert
        • Wülfrath
          • Rohdenhaus
      • Mülheim an der Ruhr
        • Saarn
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Adenau
        • Antweiler
    • Altenkirchen
      • Wissen
        • Katzwinkel
    • Bitburg-Prüm
      • Prüm
        • Bleialf
          • Neue Hoffnung Mine
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Vordereifel
        • Langenfeld
          • St Jost
    • Neuwied
      • Linz am Rhein
        • Linz am Rhein
      • Unkel
        • Rheinbreitbach
    • Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
      • Hunsrück-Mittelrhein
        • Sankt Goar
    • Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
      • Bad Ems-Nassau
        • Winden
      • Lahnstein
        • Friedrichssegen
      • Loreley
        • Braubach
        • Dahlheim
        • Sankt Goarshausen
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Harz
      • Harzgerode
        • Neudorf
      • Wernigerode
        • Hasserode
    • Mansfeld-Südharz
      • Eisleben
        • Volkstedt
      • Hettstedt
      • Mansfeld
        • Leimbach
      • Sangerhausen
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Annaberg-Buchholz
        • Kleinrückerswalde
      • Grünhain-Beierfeld
        • Beierfeld
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Freiberg
        • Himmelfahrt Mine
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Greiz
        • Neumühle/Elster
    • Nordhausen District
      • Harztor
        • Ilfeld
    • Saalfeld-Rudolstadt District
      • Saalfeld
        • Wittmannsgereuth
      • Unterwellenborn
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
            • Mercati mines
          • Elaiochori
          • Km 3
            • Kaminiza mines
          • Sounion
            • Cato Sounio mines
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Kazincbarcika District
  • Fejér County
    • Székesfehérvár District
      • Pátka
Iran
 
  • Isfahan Province
    • Nain County
      • Anarak District
Ireland
 
  • Connacht
    • Galway County
      • Killimor
  • Munster
    • Kerry County
      • Killarney
        • Lough Leane
Isle of Man
 
  • Rushen
    • Rushen
Italy
 
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Modena Province
      • Palagano
    • Parma Province
      • Berceto
        • Corchia Mine
  • Friuli Venezia Giulia
    • Udine Province
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
      • Allumiere
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Genoa
        • Borzoli
        • Varenna Valley
  • Lombardy
    • Bergamo Province
      • Dossena
      • Oltre il Colle
        • Vedra Valley
          • Zorzone
      • Stabina valley
  • Piedmont
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Tavagnasco
  • Sardinia
    • Nuoro Province
      • Gadoni
    • Sassari Province
      • Ozieri
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Domusnovas
      • Fluminimaggiore
      • Gonnesa
      • Iglesias
        • Bindua
      • Nuxis
        • Monte Tamara mining area
      • San Vito
      • Villaputzu
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • South Tyrol
      • Eisacktal (Valle Isarco)
        • Klausen (Chiusa)
      • Überetsch-Unterland (Oltradige-Bassa Atesina)
        • Aldein (Aldino)
          • Radein (Redagno)
            • Bletterbach Gorge
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Canal San Bovo
        • Vanoi Valley
          • Pralongo
      • Frassilongo
        • Roveda
      • Palù del Fersina
      • Predazzo
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Massa Marittima
        • Prata
        • Valpiana - Castello della Marsiliana area slag sites
      • Montieri
        • Gerfalco
    • Livorno Province
      • Campiglia Marittima
        • Madonna di Fucinaia (Madonna della Fucinaia) slag heaps
      • Piombino
      • Suvereto
    • Lucca Province
      • Stazzema
    • Metropolitan City of Florence
  • Veneto
    • Vicenza Province
      • Torrebelvicino
        • Manfroni Valley
        • Mercanti Valley
        • Monte Naro
          • Monte Naro - Riolo Valley side
            • Contrada Trentini
      • Valli del Pasubio
Japan
 
  • Aomori Prefecture
  • Gifu Prefecture
    • Hida City
      • Kamioka mine
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Kawabe District
      • Inagawa-cho
    • Taka District
      • Kami-ku
  • Osaka Prefecture
    • Minoh City
      • Onsen-cho
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Chichibu City
      • Ohtaki-mura
        • Nakatsugawa
          • Chichibu mining district
  • Shiga Prefecture
    • Konan City
      • Ishibe
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
Kazakhstan
 
  • Karaganda Region
    • Balkhash
Mexico
 
  • Durango
    • Mapimí Municipality
      • Bermejillo
      • Mapimí
  • Sonora
    • Caborca Municipality
      • Heróica Caborca
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Zagora Province
      • Agdz Cercle
        • Bou Skour mining district
        • Tansifte Caïdat
          • Aghbar
Namibia
 
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
New Zealand
 
  • Waikato Region
    • Matamata-Piako District
      • Te Aroha
  • West Coast Region
    • Buller District
      • Westport
Norway
 
  • Viken
    • Drammen
      • Konnerud
    • Modum
      • Åmot
Portugal
 
  • Aveiro
    • Albergaria-a-Velha
      • Branca
  • Beja
    • Odemira
      • São Luís
  • Bragança
    • Mogadouro
      • Castelo Branco
Romania
 
  • Maramureș County
    • Băiuț
Russia
 
  • Adygea (Republic of Adygea)
    • Maykopsky District
  • Altai Krai
    • Rubtsovsky District
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Štiavnica District
    • Žarnovica District
      • Hodruša-Hámre
        • Hodruša-Hámre mines
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
    • Rožňava District
      • Ochtiná
South Africa
 
  • Mpumalanga
    • Nkangala District Municipality
      • Victor Khanye Local Municipality
        • Delmas
            • Dwarsfontein Farm
              • Transvaal Mine
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Cuevas del Almanzora
        • Sierra Almagrera
          • Jaroso Ravine
      • Níjar
        • Pozo de Los Frailes
      • Pechina
        • Baños de Alhamilla
    • Jaén
      • Linares
  • Castile-La Mancha
    • Ciudad Real
      • Almodóvar del Campo
        • Minas del Horcajo
  • Catalonia
    • Girona
      • Camprodon
        • Rocabruna
    • Lleida
      • El Pallars Jussà
        • La Vall Fosca
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • Castell-estaó
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Switzerland
 
  • Ticino
    • Lugano
  • Valais
    • Hérens
      • Saint-Martin
        • Praz-Jean
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Saint-Luc
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Lanner
        • Lanner
George Eric Stanley Curtis collectionIdentification: Visual Identification
      • St Agnes
        • Porthtowan
      • St Hilary
    • County Durham
      • Healeyfield
    • Cumbria
      • Allerdale
        • Above Derwent
          • Coledale
        • Caldbeck
          • Roughton Gill
      • Eden
        • Alston Moor
          • Garrigill
          • Nenthead
    • Derbyshire
      • Derbyshire Dales District
        • Snelston
    • Devon
      • West Devon
        • Mary Tavy
    • Staffordshire
      • Staffordshire Moorlands
        • Wetton
          • Ecton
            • Back of Ecton
  • Scotland
    • Dumfries and Galloway
      • Blackcraig
      • Wanlockhead
  • Wales
    • Ceredigion
      • Ceulanymaesmawr
        • Tal-y-bont
      • Cwmrheidol
        • Ystumtuen
      • Trefeirig
        • Goginan
      • Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn
        • Pontrhydygroes
      • Ysgubor-y-coed
        • Furnace
    • Powys
      • Machynlleth
        • Dylife
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
    • Simferopol area
      • Petropavlovka Village area
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Chiricahua Mountains
        • California Mining District (Chiricahua Mining District)
      • Middle Pass Mining District
        • Gordon Camp
      • Miller Peak
        • Miller Canyon
      • Tombstone Mining District
    • Gila County
      • Banner Mining District
        • Christmas
        • Hayden area
          • Chilito
            • Keystone Gulch
            • Tornado Peak
    • Pinal County
      • Mammoth Mining District
        • Tiger
          • St. Anthony deposit
    • Santa Cruz County
      • Patagonia Mountains
        • Harshaw Mining District
          • Alum Gulch
            • Flux Gulch
  • California
    • Inyo County
      • Darwin Hills
          • Darwin
      • Inyo Mts (Inyo Range)
        • Malpais Mesa
      • Nopah Range
        • Upper Noonday Camp
          • Shoshone Mines (Shoshone Mines group; Shoshone Mine group; Grant Mine; Mabel Mine; Black Prince Mine)
  • Colorado
    • Chaffee County
      • Sedalia Mining District
    • Clear Creek County
      • Lawson Mining District (Dumont Mining District; Montana Mining District)
    • Dolores County
      • Rico Mountains
        • Rico Mining District (Pioneer Mining District)
          • Newman Hill
    • Mineral County
      • Creede Mining District
        • Amethyst vein
    • Park County
      • Alma Mining District
        • Mount Bross
    • San Juan County
      • Animas Mining District
        • Silverton
          • Round Mountain
    • San Miguel County
      • Slick Rock Mining District
  • Maine
    • Hancock County
      • Blue Hill - Castine Mining District
        • Brooksville
  • Montana
    • Granite County
      • Philipsburg Mining District (Flint Creek Mining District)
  • Nevada
    • Lander County
      • Lewis Mining District
    • Lyon County
      • Wilson Mining District
        • Desert Creek Ranch
        • Pine Grove Hills
    • Nye County
      • Toiyabe Range
        • Jett Mining District
    • Pershing County
      • Imlay Mining District
        • Imlay Canyon
    • White Pine County
      • Ward Mining District
        • Ward Mine
  • New Hampshire
    • Coos County
      • Gorham
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
  • New Mexico
    • Grant County
      • Burro Mountains Mining District
        • Tyrone Area
    • Socorro County
      • Hansonburg District
        • Bingham
          • Blanchard Mine
  • New York
    • Putnam County
      • Town of Southeast
    • Warren County
      • Thurman Township
  • North Carolina
    • Davidson County
      • Carolina Slate Belt
        • Silver Hill Mining District
          • Silver Hill
  • Pennsylvania
    • Montgomery County
      • Lower Providence Township
        • Audubon
          • Perkiomen Mines
  • Utah
    • Beaver County
      • Lincoln Mining District
      • Star Range
        • Star-North Star Mining District
    • Piute County
      • Mount Baldy-Ohio Mining District
    • San Juan County
      • White Canyon Mining District
    • Tooele County
      • Ophir Mining District
        • Jacob City
        • Ophir
  • Virginia
    • Louisa County
      • Gold-Pyrite Belt
        • Mineral
Vietnam
 
  • Lai Châu Province
    • Tam Đường District
      • Ban Hon
 
矿物 and/or 产地  
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