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Barbara Von Cilli
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Barbara Von Cilli (abt. 1392 - abt. 1451)

Barbara "Regent of Hungary" Von Cilli
Born about in Celje, Slovenia, Yugoslaviamap
Ancestors ancestors
[sibling(s) unknown]
Wife of — married 1408 [location unknown]
Descendants descendants
Died about at about age 59 in Melnik, Melnik, Czechoslovakiamap
Profile last modified | Created 12 Sep 2010
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Biography

She died of plague.

King Zsigmond & his second wife had one child:

Erszébet de Luxembourg Princess of Bohemia and Hungary


Barbara von Cilli (ungarisch: Cillei Borbála, slow.: Barbara Celjska, tschechisch Barbora Cellská) (* um 1390; † 11. Juli 1451 in Mělník) aus dem Adelsgeschlecht der Cillier war die zweite Frau des Kaisers Sigismund. Sie war Astrologin sowie Alchemistin.

Die Verlobung der fünfzehnjährigen Tochter des Grafen Hermann II. mit dem zwanzig Jahre älteren König Sigismund erfolgte 1405. 1409 gebar sie ihre erste Tochter Elisabeth (tschechisch Alžběta). Barbara blieb die meiste Zeit am ungarischen Hof, während die politische Situation ihren Ehemann zu Reisen durch Mitteleuropa zwang. Dies führte zur Entfremdung der Partner und Seitensprüngen, die für den König keine Konsequenzen hatten, woraufhin er aber seiner Frau die finanziellen Mittel kürzte. Die Entfremdung dokumentiert auch ihre Abwesenheit während der Krönungsfeier des Königs zum böhmischen König 1420. Zu einer Annäherung kam es erst gegen Ende der zwanziger Jahre, als Sigismund sich auf seine Romreise vorbereitete. Barbara, bereits 1408 mit der Stephanskrone zur ungarischen und 1411 zur deutschen Königin gekrönt, nahm 1433 an der Reise nach Rom teil.

Am 11. Februar 1437 wurde sie dann auch zur Königin von Böhmen berufen. Für den böhmischen Adel spielte diese Krönung eine wichtige Rolle, ging es doch um Machtansprüche nach dem Tode des Kaisers, die auch der bei den Böhmen unbeliebte Albrecht von Habsburg stellte. Durch Vermählung einer der beiden Töchter mit dem polnischen Thronfolger sollte die Verwaltung des Landes in den Händen von Barbara bleiben. Diese Pläne durchkreuzte jedoch ihre Tochter Elisabeth, indem sie verhinderte, dass Barbara sich in den letzten Wochen vor dem Ableben des Kaisers politisch betätigen konnte. Nach dem Tod des Kaisers lebte Barbara in Mělník. Sie widmete sich den okkulten Wissenschaften und beschäftigte sich mit Alchemie, was etlichen Zeitgenossen missfiel. In seiner Weltchronik von 1493 nennt Hartmann Schedel sie ein „schentlich boßhaftig weib“ und schreibt: Sie fiel in ein solche absynnige plinthait das sie die heilligen iunckfrawen die von cristo wegen den todt gelidden hetten offenlich thörin und nerrin hieß Und saget das nach disem leben kein anders leben wer. und das leib und sele miteinander stürbe. Sie starb am 11. Juli 1451 in Mělník an der Pest; beigesetzt wurde sie in der königlichen Gruft in Prag.

Literatur

  • Sandi Sitar: Sto slovenskih znanstvenikov, zdravnikov in tehnikov (Hundert slowenische Wissenschaftler, Ärzte und Techniker). Ljubljana 1987, Beitrag 8. Barbara Celjska – Cesarica z retortami – astrologinja in alkimistka (ok. 1387–1451) (Barbara von Cilli – Kaiserin mit Retorten – Astrologin und Alchimistin (um 1387–1451))
  • Franz von Krones: Barbara v. Cilli. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 48 f.

in: Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie <http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_von_Cilli>


Barbara of Cilli (1392 – 11 July 1451) was the spouse of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund and as such Holy Roman Empress. She was by marriage also Queen of Hungary and Bohemia and also Holy Roman Empress. She received the sobriquet "Messalina of Germany" for her political intrigues, and was instrumental in creating the Order of the Dragon. She served as the regent of Hungary in the absence of her husband.

Family Genealogy

Barbara was the daughter of Herman II, Count of Celje, and Countess Anna of Schaunberg. Barbara's paternal grandparents were Hermann I, Count of Cilli, and his wife, Catherine of Bosnia, a possible sister of Elizabeth of Bosnia. Barbara's maternal grandparents were Henry III of Schaunberg and his wife Ursula of Görz.

Both Barbara and her cousin and adopted sister Anna married ruling kings whose recently deceased wives were sisters and relatives of the Celje family. Anna married Władysław, King of Poland and Lithuania, in 1402 after the death of Jadwiga of Poland, while Barbara married King Sigismund of Hungary (years later also Holy Roman Emperor) in 1405 after the death of Mary of Hungary.[1]

Barbara lived to see the birth of three grandchildren, Anne, Elisabeth and Ladislas. She is one of the ancestresses of modern European royal families.

Biography

Barbara was engaged in 1401 and married in 1405 or 1408 to Sigismund, King of Hungary, a younger son of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor who later succeeded to the rule in Germany (1410), Bohemia (1419) and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor himself in 1433. The marriage likely took place in 1405, but there is no clear confirmation until 1408, when she was crowned to queen of Hungary.

Barbara gave birth to a daughter, Elisabeth, Sigismund's only surviving issue and heiress, who married King Albert II of Germany.

Barbara spent most of her time in Hungary, while her spouse devoted his time elsewhere. She served as the regent of Hungary during his absences in 1412, 1414, 1416 and 1418. In 1429, she participated at the congress of Łuck. She was crowned queen of Hungary in 1408, queen of Germany in 1414, Holy Roman Empress in 1433 and queen of Bohemia in 1433.

Barbara attempted to convince the Bohemians to place King Władysław III of Poland or Casimir of Poland upon the throne of Bohemia after the death of Sigismund instead of her son-in-law Albert II of Germany; in exchange, Wladyslaw would marry her. When Sigismund found out about this, he ordered to have her imprisoned at Bratislava on 5 December 1437.

At the death of Sigismund, Barbara was released, had all her property confiscated and was thereafter exiled from Hungary. She moved to Poland, where she was given Sandomierz as a fief, according to Pagal Dlugošą. In 1441, she moved to Melnik in Bohemia. She spent the rest of her life as dowager queen in Bohemia, where she was accused of plotting against the regime.[2] She spent her last years pursuing her interests in alchemy and the occult. She died of the plague.

References

  1. Jadwiga and her sister Mary were the daughters of Louis I, King of Hungary and his wife Elizabeth of Bosnia, whose elder sister Catherine was the wife of Herman I, Count of Celje, and mother of Herman II.
  2. Duggan, Anne J. (2002). Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at King's College London, April 1995. Boydell Press. ISBN 0851158811.

in: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_of_Cilli>

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