Girls Trip

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Girls Trip
The faces of four women, framed by the legs of another person in the foreground
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMalcolm D. Lee
Screenplay by
Story by
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyGreg Gardiner
Edited byPaul Millspaugh
Music byDavid Newman
Production
companies
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release dates
Running time
122 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$19 million[2][3]
Box office$140.9 million[3]

Girls Trip is a 2017 American comedy film starring Regina Hall, Queen Latifah, Tiffany Haddish, and Jada Pinkett Smith. The film is directed by Malcolm D. Lee and written by Kenya Barris and Tracy Oliver, from a story by the pair and Erica Rivinoja, who based the script off their own experiences with their female friends.

The film follows a group of four friends who go to New Orleans to attend the Essence Music Festival in order to reconnect after a long time.

The film premiered in June 2017[4] and received multiple awards and nominations, most notably at the 49th NAACP Image Awards. A sequel is reportedly being developed.

Plot[edit]

Background[edit]

In an attempt to reconnect with her friends from college, lifestyle guru Ryan Pierce, dubbed "the next Oprah," decides to invite her friends on a girls' trip to Essence Music Festival in New Orleans, where she will be the keynote speaker.

Known as the "Flossy Posse," the group includes:

  • Sasha, a former journalist from Time magazine who now owns a floundering gossip site and is struggling financially;
  • Lisa, a nurse and uptight single mother who has not had a boyfriend since her divorce years earlier; and
  • Dina, a happy-go-lucky, impulsive party animal who was fired from her job after harming a co-worker who accidentally ate her lunch.

Conflict[edit]

Shortly after arriving, Sasha receives a photo of Ryan's husband Stewart kissing another woman. The friends are reluctant to tell Ryan initially, but Ryan admits she is already aware of the situation and informs her friends that the two are in couple's therapy to address Stewart's infidelity. After Dina confronts Stewart at their hotel with a broken bottle, the Flossy Posse are ejected and settles into a one-star motel instead. At the Essence Fest later that night, they run into an old friend Julian, a musician performing at the festival who Ryan flirts with. He later gives up his hotel suite so that the women have somewhere decent to stay.

The next day, Ryan and Stewart host a cooking demonstration together at the music festival that goes awry when Stewart's mistress, Simone, shows up. A potential investor is impressed, however, and a business meeting is set up for Ryan and Stewart with their agent, Elizabeth, who then introduces Ryan and Stewart to Bethany Marshall. Dina serves the women absinthe right before the meeting, causing them to hallucinate. At her meeting, Ryan thinks the waitress is Stewart's mistress; Lisa thinks her kids are at the club with her; Dina thinks she is flying; and Sasha thinks she is making out with an attractive man who is actually a lamp. The girls eventually pull Ryan out of the meeting and decide to go to a club to dance the absinthe off. They run into Simone and her friends and engage in a dance off before getting in a bar fight. Julian picks them up before they can get arrested and takes them back to their hotel.

Ryan and Stewart are offered a massive deal from the chain store Best Mart, whose representative wants to hire them as spokespeople. Ryan goes out to celebrate with the girls at one of Julian's shows. Simone shows up and tells Sasha that she is pregnant. She offers to give Sasha's blog exclusive content to her affair with pictures as well. Stewart once again goes to Ryan to convince her to stay with him to finalize their deal. Simone goes public with the affair, and Ryan accuses Sasha of being the one who leaked the pictures. The fight spills out into the relationship of all the women and they all part on bad terms.

Resolution[edit]

Dina and Lisa make up quickly. After Sasha decides to take down her blog, disgusted with the celebrity gossip racket, Dina and Lisa reunite with her. As Ryan begins to give her keynote speech on the last day of the music festival and denies that the picture of Stewart and Simone is real, she sees her friends walk into the room. Ryan breaks from her scripted remarks, admitting the picture and affair are real.

The speech is a success and, when the women reunite after the show, Ryan apologizes to Sasha. Ryan's agent arrives and tells Ryan that the deal with Best Mart is still on but with her alone. Ryan decides to take Sasha as her business partner the way they planned to be years ago. A series of events shows the girls happily reunited and Ryan beginning a relationship with Julian.

Cast[edit]

Amongst the cast, multiple celebrities and musicians make cameos, most notably Diddy, Ne-Yo and Mariah Carey.[8]

Production[edit]

In February 2014, Universal announced that director Malcolm D. Lee and producer Will Packer would collaborate on a film tentatively titled Girls Trip,[9] with South Park writer Erica Rivinoja attached to script.[10]

In May 2016, Universal set a release date of August 11, 2017 for the film.[11] It was also reported that Regina Hall would star, and Kenya Barris and Tracy Oliver were rewriting the script.[12] Oliver told The Hollywood Reporter that she wanted to break down the barriers of respectability politics and portray "Black women being carefree and having fun just like everybody else. I think we need to show all aspects of black lives. I love Moonlight, I love Hidden Figures, but I also want to see some people who are having fun and just showing female friends hanging out."[13] Queen Latifah and Jada Pinkett Smith joined the cast in early June 2016,[14] and Larenz Tate joined later that month.[15]

The film's release date was changed to July 21, 2017,[6] as principal photography began in late June 2016 in New Orleans,[16] and included filming at the 2016 Essence Music Festival, casting over 5000 background actors.[17]

A teaser trailer for the film was released on January 31, 2017.[18] A red band trailer for the film was released on February 9, 2017.[19]

Release and reception[edit]

Girls Trip premiered at the American Black Film Festival in Miami on June 14, 2017 and was theatrically released in the United States by Universal Pictures on July 21, 2017.[4]

It received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics, with many praising the cast performances and the film's originality. It was chosen by Time magazine as one of its top ten films of 2017.[20] It was also a massive commercial success, grossing $140 million worldwide on its $19 million production budget including over $100 million domestically, the first comedy of 2017 to do so.

It was also the first time a film written by an African-American female screenwriter had crossed the $100 million mark at the box office.

Awards[edit]

The film received multiple awards and nominations from various award and critic organizations, including Outstanding Motion Picture and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture for Haddish at the 49th NAACP Image Awards. It received seven nominations at the 18th Black Reel Awards, with Haddish winning two awards for her performance. A sequel is in active development.

The film was awarded The ReFrame Stamp for gender parity in its production.[21]

Soundtrack[edit]

Girls Trip (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by
various artists
ReleasedJuly 21, 2017 (2017-07-21)
GenreSoundtrack
Length51:42
LabelBack Lot Music

Credits adapted from Tidal.[22]

Track listing[edit]

No.TitlePerformer(s)Length
1."Treat 'Em Right"Chubb Rock4:44
2."Good Times Roll"GRiZ, Big Gigantic4:06
3."Lovely Day"The Soul Rebels3:16
4."Ascension (Don't Ever Wonder)"Maxwell5:48
5."Because of You (Girls Trip Remix)"Ne-Yo3:05
6."If It Isn't Love"New Edition3:46
7."Bling Bling"B.G.4:00
8."Feel So Good"Mase3:27
9."She's a Bitch"Missy Elliott4:02
10."Ain't No Way"Aretha Franklin4:13
11."Do Whatcha Wanna, Pt. 2"Rebirth Brass Band6:21
12."Ryan's Theme"David Newman4:54
Total length:51:42

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

Girls Trip grossed $115.2 million in the United States and Canada and $24.9 million in other territories for a total gross of $140.9 million, against a net production budget of $20–28 million.[2][3] Deadline Hollywood calculated the film made a net profit of $66.1 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[23]

Girls Trip opened alongside Dunkirk and Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets on July 21, 2017, and was projected to gross around $20 million from 2,583 theaters, with industry experts saying it could debut as high as $30 million.[24] It made $11.7 million on its first day, including $1.7 million from Thursday night previews at 2,195 theaters. The film grossed $31.2 million in its opening weekend, finishing second at the box office behind Dunkirk and marked the largest opening of director Malcolm D. Lee's career; 52% of its opening weekend audience was African-American, with an overall 60% being women over 25.[25] In its second week the film dropped just 37% and grossed $19.6 million, finishing 3rd at the box office behind Dunkirk and newcomer The Emoji Movie,[26] and in its third week the film made $11.4 million, finishing 4th.[27] On August 17, the film crossed the $100 million mark domestically, becoming the first comedy of 2017 to do so.[28][29]

Critical response[edit]

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 177 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Girls Trip is the rare R-rated comedy that pushes boundaries to truly comedic effect—and anchors its laughs in compelling characters brought to life by a brilliantly assembled cast."[30] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 71 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[31] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, and PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 82% overall positive score, with 67% saying they would definitely recommend it.[25]

For Variety, Peter Debruge wrote "When it comes to Hollywood studio comedies, most of the time, we are lucky to get one unforgettable set piece, whereas Girls Trip screenwriters Kenya Barris and Tracy Oliver deliver at least half a dozen. And rather than simply letting an effective joke stand, they double down, milking it for all it's worth."[32] For CinemaBlend, Mike Reyes wrote "While there's still plenty of time worn clichés in Girls Trip, there is a genuine sense of friendship, and comedy throughout, that make the film one of this summer's most surprising comedies. You can believe that these four women are the best of friends, which is something that's not always easy or focused on in a comedy of this type. Girls Trip has an energy that's undeniable, eventually winning audience members over with a theme of friendship that's well built in the context of the film."[33]

Awards[edit]

Award Date of ceremony Category Recipients Result Ref.
AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards February 5, 2018 Best Ensemble The cast of Girls Trip Nominated [34]
Readers' Choice Poll Girls Trip Nominated
African-American Film Critics Association December 12, 2017 Top Ten Films Girls Trip 4th Place [35]
Best Comedy Girls Trip Won
Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Won
Black Reel Awards February 22, 2018 Outstanding Film Girls Trip Nominated [36][37]
Outstanding Director Malcolm D. Lee Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Won
Outstanding Screenplay Kenya Barris and Tracy Oliver Nominated
Outstanding Ensemble Mary Vernieu and Michelle Wade Byrd Nominated
Outstanding Score David Newman Nominated
Outstanding Breakthrough Performance, Female Tiffany Haddish Won
Casting Society of America January 18, 2018 Studio or Independent – Comedy Mary Vernieu, Michelle Wade Byrd and Elizabeth Coulon Nominated [38]
Critics' Choice Movie Awards January 11, 2018 Best Comedy Girls Trip Nominated [39]
Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated
Best Actress in a Comedy Tiffany Haddish Nominated
Detroit Film Critics Society December 7, 2017 Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated [40]
[41]
Best Breakthrough Tiffany Haddish Nominated
Dorian Awards February 24, 2018 Supporting Film Performance of the Year — Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated [42]
[43]
Empire Awards March 18, 2018 Best Comedy Girls Trip Nominated [44]
[45]
Best Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated
Guild of Music Supervisors Awards February 8, 2018 Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Under 25 Million Dollars Angela Leus Nominated [46]
IndieWire Critics Poll December 19, 2017 Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish 2nd Place [47]
MTV Movie & TV Awards June 18, 2018 Best Movie (Presented by Toyota) Girls Trip Nominated
Best Comedic Performance Tiffany Haddish Won
Scene Stealer Tiffany Haddish Nominated
Best Musical Moment Dance Battle Nominated
NAACP Image Awards January 15, 2018 Outstanding Motion Picture Girls Trip Won [48]
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Tiffany Haddish Won
Regina Hall Nominated
Outstanding Directing in a Motion Picture Malcolm D. Lee Nominated
Outstanding Writing in a Motion Picture Kenya Barris and Tracy Oliver Nominated
New York Film Critics Circle January 3, 2018 Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Won [49]
Online Film Critics Society December 28, 2017 Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated [50]
[51]
Best Breakout Star Tiffany Haddish Nominated
Seattle Film Critics Society December 18, 2017 Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated [52]
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association December 8, 2017 Best Supporting Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated [53]
Women Film Critics Circle December 17, 2017 Best Comedic Actress Tiffany Haddish Nominated [54]
[55]
Josephine Baker Award Girls Trip Nominated
Women's Work: Best Ensemble The cast of Girls Trip Won

Future[edit]

In January 2019, Pinkett-Smith discussed a potential sequel to Girls Trip, stating "I'm ready for more Flossy Posse, trust me. I'm ready to have some fun with my girls!", and giving Rio de Janeiro or South Africa as potential locations for the film.[56] In April 2019 Latifah said that a sequel was "definitely happening."[57]

In March 2020, Haddish confirmed Tracy Oliver had a treatment "ready to go", and would begin working on the script. Haddish added "We might decide not to even make it Girls Trip, maybe we'll do a different story just in case no one wants to make Girls Trip 2".[58] In January 2023, Oliver said that the sequel was "officially happening", and confirmed that the main cast would be returning. She also named the AfroFuture festival in Accra, Ghana as a possible setting, pending the finalization of the script.[59]

In January 2024, in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Packer confirmed that a sequel to the film was in active development, with D. Lee returning to direct and co-produce.[60]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  2. ^ a b "2017 Feature Film Study" (PDF). FilmL.A. Feature Film Study: 23. August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "Girls Trip (2017)". The Numbers. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  4. ^ a b N'Duka, Amanda (March 23, 2017). "Universal's 'Girls Trip' To Open The 2017 American Black Film Festival". Deadline. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  5. ^ a b Callahan, Yesha (July 6, 2016). "Larenz Tate to Star in Will Packer's Girl Trip". Theroot.com. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  6. ^ a b Tambay Obenson (June 26, 2016). "Tiffany Haddish Will Go on a 'Girl Trip' with Queen Latifah, Jada Pinkett Smith and Regina Hall – Shadow and Act". Shadowandact.com. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  7. ^ Mike Colter; Luke Cage (September 30, 2016). "Mike Colter Interview With The Breakfast Club (9-30-16)". The Breakfast Club (Radio program). Interviewed by DJ Envy, Angela Yee and Charlamagne Tha God. New York City. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  8. ^ "5 ways Girls Trip Pretty Much Sums Up Everything We Adore About mMvies". her. August 23, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  9. ^ Dominique Hobdy (February 25, 2014). "Malcom D. Lee and Will Packer Team Up for New Movie 'Girls Trip'". Essence.com. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
  10. ^ Jeff Sneider (March 19, 2014). "'South Park' Writer to Take 'Girl's Trip' With Malcolm D. Lee, Universal". Thewrap.com. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
  11. ^ Dave McNary (June 22, 2015). "Will Packer Sets Female Comedy at Universal". Variety. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  12. ^ Busch, Anita (May 13, 2016). "Regina Hall to Star in Will Packer's Untitled 'Girl Trip' Film At Uni". Deadline. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  13. ^ "'Girls Trip' Stars Celebrate Sisterhood at L.A. Premiere". The Hollywood Reporter. July 14, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  14. ^ Mike Scott, NOLA.com (June 6, 2016). "Queen Latifah, Jada Pinkett Smith in talks for NOLA-shot 'Girl Trip,' THR reports". NOLA.com. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  15. ^ Dave McNary (June 24, 2016). "Mike Colter, Larenz Tate in Queen Latifah's 'Girl Trip'". Variety. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  16. ^ "Jada Pinkett Smith & Queen Latifah Reunite On Set Of 'Girls Trip' In New Orleans, Stop By "The Real" At ESSENCE Festival". theybf.com. July 2, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  17. ^ "Casting for 'Girls Trip' During Essence Fest". Central Casting. July 2, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  18. ^ Rogo, Paula. "Jada Pinkett Smith, Queen Latifah, Regina Hall 'Girls Trip' Movie, ESSENCE Festival". Essence.com. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  19. ^ "Red Band Trailer For 'Girls Trip' Movie Starring Regina Hall, Queen Latifah, & Jada Pinkett Smith". VannDigital. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  20. ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (December 7, 2017). "The Top 10 Movies of 2017". Time. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  21. ^ Lopez, Ricardo (June 7, 2018). "ReFrame, IMDBPro Launch Effort to Certify Gender-Balanced Films, TV Series". Variety. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
  22. ^ "Girls Trip (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Tidal. July 21, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  23. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 29, 2018). "Small Movies, Big Profits: 2017 Most Valuable Blockbuster Tournament". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  24. ^ "'Dunkirk' likely to win rare box-office battle of original big-budget movies". Los Angeles Times. July 19, 2017.
  25. ^ a b "'Dunkirk' Seizes $50.5M; 'Girls Trip' Is Malcolm D. Lee's Highest Opening; The Reasons Why 'Valerian' Crashed". Deadline Hollywood. July 23, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  26. ^ "'Dunkirk' Marches Ahead Of 'Emoji Movie' For Top Spot With $28M+". Deadline Hollywood. July 30, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  27. ^ "'The Dark Tower' Opens To $18M+ In Diverse Marketplace: Was The Decade-Plus Battle To The Screen Worth It?". Deadline Hollywood. August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  28. ^ "'Girls Trip' Speeds Past $100M; A Box Office Anomaly In Unfunny Year For Comedy". Deadline Hollywood. August 17, 2017.
  29. ^ wilsonmorales (August 17, 2017). "Girls Trip Crosses $100M, 1st Film To Do So Produced, Directed, Written and Starring African Americans - blackfilm.com/read | blackfilm.com/read". Blackfilm.com. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  30. ^ "Girls Trip (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  31. ^ "Girls Trip reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
  32. ^ Debruge, Peter (July 12, 2017). "Film review: 'Girls Trip'". Variety. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  33. ^ Reyes, Mike (July 13, 2017). "Girls Trip Review". CinemaBlend. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  34. ^ Lee, Ashley (January 17, 2018). "AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards: 'The Post' Leads Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  35. ^ Davis, Clayton (December 12, 2017). "African American Film Critics Association Winners – 'Get Out' and Laurence Fishburne Get Honors". Awards Circuit. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  36. ^ Get Out Dominates the Black Reel Awards Archived December 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Black Reel Awards. December 13, 2017.
  37. ^ Get Out “Sinks” the Competition at The Black Reel Awards Archived February 28, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Black Reel Awards. February 23, 2018.
  38. ^ Ford, Rebecca (January 2, 2018). "Artios Awards: Casting Society Reveals Film Nominees (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  39. ^ Hammond, Pete (December 6, 2017). "Critics' Choice Awards Nominations: 'The Shape Of Water' Leads With 14; Netflix Tops TV Contenders". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  40. ^ "The 2017 Detroit Film Critics Society Awards Nominations". Detroit Film Critics Society. December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  41. ^ "The 2017 Detroit Film Critics Society Awards". Detroit Film Critics Society. December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  42. ^ Kilday, Gregg (January 10, 2018). "'Call Me by Your Name' Leads Dorian Award Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  43. ^ Kilday, Gregg (January 31, 2018). "Dorian Awards: 'Call Me by Your Name' Hailed as Film of the Year". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
  44. ^ Ruby, Jennifer (January 19, 2018). "Empire Film Awards 2018: The Last Jedi leads the pack with nine nominations including Best Actress for Daisy Ridley". London Evening Standard. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  45. ^ Ritman, Alex (January 22, 2018). "'Star Wars: The Last Jedi' Leads Nominations for U.K.'s Empire Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  46. ^ "Sufjan Stevens, 'Greatest Showman,' 'Girls' Among Guild of Music Supervisors Awards Nominees". Variety. January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
  47. ^ Kohn, Eric (December 19, 2017). "2017 Critics Poll: The Best Films and Performances According to Over 200 Critics". IndieWire. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  48. ^ "NAACP Image Awards: 'Marshall,' 'Get Out,' 'Girls Trip' Dominate Film Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. November 20, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  49. ^ Tapley, Kristopher (November 30, 2017). "'Lady Bird' Named Best Picture by New York Film Critics Circle". Variety. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  50. ^ Neglia, Matt (December 17, 2017). "The 2017 Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) Nominations". NextBigPicture. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  51. ^ Hipes, Patrick (December 28, 2017). "'Get Out' Named Best Picture By Online Film Critics Society". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  52. ^ "'Blade Runner 2049' Leads the 2017 Seattle Film Critics Society Nominations". Seattle Film Critics Society. December 11, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  53. ^ "The 2017 WAFCA Awards". Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association. December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  54. ^ Neglia, Matt (December 12, 2017). "The 2017 Women Film Critics Circle (WFCC) Nominations". Next Best Picture. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  55. ^ Benardello, Karen (December 23, 2017). "The Women Film Critics Circle Awards 2017's Best Movies". Shockya.com. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  56. ^ "Jada Pinkett Smith spills the tea on 'Girl's Trip 2'". Rolling Out. January 23, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
  57. ^ "Girl's Trip 2: buckle up, that sequel is definitely happening". Stylist. April 29, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
  58. ^ Jacobs, Matthew (March 28, 2020). "Tiffany Haddish on 'Self Made,' 'Girls Trip 2' and Loving the Quarantine Lifestyle". The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  59. ^ Donnelly, Matt (January 23, 2023). "'Girls Trip 2' Reuniting Full Cast for Adventure in Ghana (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  60. ^ McClintock, Pamela (January 8, 2024). "Will Packer Will Never Produce Another Oscars After the Slap". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 8, 2024.

External links[edit]