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Kingdom of Prussia

Index Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. [1]

4422 relations: Aabenraa County, Aabenraa Municipality, Aachen, Aachen Cathedral, Aar Valley Railway, Abdülaziz, Abdelaziz of Morocco, Abdication of Wilhelm II, Abolition of monarchy, Abraham Auerbach, Abraham Berliner, Abraham Constantin Mouradgea d’Ohsson, Abraham Geiger, Academic Gymnasium Danzig, Academy of Arts, Berlin, Act of Guarantee, Adalbert Falk, Adalbert Schneider, Adam Bajalics von Bajahaza, Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim, Adam Mickiewicz, Adam Opel, Adam Stanisław Grabowski, Adam von Trott zu Solz, Adelbert von Chamisso, Administrative division of Duchy of Warsaw, Administrative division of Polish–Lithuanian territories after Partitions, Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Adolf Anderssen, Adolf Bertram, Adolf Eichmann, Adolf Engler, Adolf Ernst, Adolf Galland, Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg, Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, Adolf Kirchhoff, Adolf Pinner, Adolf von Scholz, Adolf von Trotha, Adolph Coors, Adolph von Hansemann, Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, Adrian Wewer, Aegidienberg, Affler, AG Märkische Kleinbahn, Age of Liberty, Agostino Steffani, ..., Akiva Eger, Al Shean, Alajos Károlyi, Albert A. Michelson, Albert Bierstadt, Albert Bormann, Albert Einstein, Albert Friedrich Speer, Albert Kahn (architect), Albert Mosse, Albert von Maybach, Albert von Memerty, Albertine Badenberg, Albrecht Brandi, Albrecht von Bernstorff, Albrecht von Roon, Albrechtsberg Palace (Dresden), Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov, Alexander Andrae, Alexander Constantin Watzke Sr., Alexander I of Russia, Alexander Jacob Schem, Alexander of Greece, Alexander Rüstow, Alexander Rüstow (soldier), Alexander Schimmelfennig, Alexander von Humboldt, Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten (1899–1997), Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia), Alexis, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, Alexis, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt, Alexius, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt, Alfred David Augustus d'Espinassy de Fontanelle, Alfred de Rothschild, Alfred Hübner, Alfred Kerr, Alfred Pelldram, Alfred Ryder (Royal Navy officer), Alfred von Schlieffen, Alfred von Tirpitz, Alfred von Waldersee, Allenstein (region), Allied sovereigns' visit to England, Alois Alzheimer, Aloys Hirt, Als (island), Alsace, Alsen Cross, Altenbeuthen, Altenbrunslar, Altes Museum, Altmark, Altona, Hamburg, Altstadt (Königsberg), Altstadt Spandau, Alvensleben Convention, Alytus, Am Großen Bruch, Amalia von Dyhrn, Amber Room, Amnesia: The Dark Descent, An Mein Volk, André Joseph Boussart, Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough, Andrei Rosenberg, Andrzej Grzegorczyk, Angermünde, Anglo-French War (1778–1783), Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756), Anglo-Prussian Convention, Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729), Anklam, Anna Amalia, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Anna Anderson, Anna Dorothea Therbusch, Anna Yesipova, Annates, Anne-Marie von Schutzbar genannt Milchling, Ansbach, Anschluss, Anthony of Saxony, Anti-Polish sentiment, Antoine Chanzy, Antoine-Guillaume Rampon, Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot, Anton de Waal, Anton Thraen, Anton von Werner, Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq, Antonín Petrof, Antoni Giełgud, Antoni Madaliński, Antoni Radziwiłł, Antonio Bueno, Antonio Ricardos, Aplerbeck, Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany, April 18, Archduke Anton Victor of Austria, Archduke John of Austria, Architecture in Berlin, Arciszewo, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Ardennes, Arenberg, Armée des Émigrés, Armgard von Cramm, Armistice Day, Armistice of Versailles, Army of the North (France), Arnold Genthe, Arnold Sommerfeld, Arshak Ter-Gukasov, Arthur Greiser, Arthur Korn, Arthur Moritz Schoenflies, Arthur Rahn, Arthur Rimbaud, Arthur Schopenhauer, Arthur Zimmermann, Arzén von Cserépy, Aspasia Manos, August 16, August 6, August Albrecht Meckel, August Bebel, August Bier, August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, August Franz Globensky, August Heinrich Lehmann, August Karl von Goeben, August Kavel, August Ludwig Hülsen, August Ludwig von Nostitz, August Rohling, August Schmidt (Luftwaffe), August Soller, August von Brandis, August von der Heydt, August von Kleist, August von Mackensen, August von Senarclens de Grancy, August von Trott zu Solz, August von Werder, August Wöhler, August Wilhelm von Hofmann, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, Augustówka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Augustin Theiner, Aurich, Austria — the Nazis' first victim, Austria–Denmark relations, Austria–Germany relations, Austria–Prussia rivalry, Austrian Empire, Austrian nationalism, Austrian Netherlands, Austrian Partition, Austrian Silesia, Austrians, Austro-Hungarian Navy, Austro-Prussian War, Automaton, Away from Rome!, Azriel Hildesheimer, Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise, Émile Friant, Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty, Ústí nad Labem, Łabno, Łajs, Łaniewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Łapka, Łasin, Łaziska Górne, Łazy, Łódź, Łąka, Silesian Voivodeship, Łężany, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Łęcze, Łęgajny, Łęgno, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Łęknica, Łeba, Łoźnik, Łowicz, Łowkowice, Kluczbork County, Ługwałd, Łupstych, Olsztyn County, Ścinawa, Śmigiel, Śródka, Poznań, Środa Śląska, Świątki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Świękity, Świętnik, Święty Marcin, Świdnica, Świdwin, Świebodzin, Świecie, Świnoujście, Šilheřovice, Šternberk, Żagań, Żarki, Żary, Żegoty, Żnin, Żory, Żuławka Sztumska, Żuławy Wiślane, Żugienie, Żukowo, Bałąg, Babidół, Babimost, Baborów, Bad Belzig, Bad Fallingbostel, Bad Kreuznach, Bad Langensalza, Bad Liebenwerda, Bad Muskau, Bad Soden-Salmünster, Baden Revolution, Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament, Bait and bleed, Bakałarzewo, Baladine Klossowska, Baldur von Schirach, Balga, Baltic football championship, Baltic Germans, Balve, Bambrzy, Baranówka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Barbara Campanini, Barczewko, Barczewo, Barczewski Dwór, Bardo, Poland, Barlinek, Baron Aschwin of Sierstorpff-Cramm, Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen, Baron of Berenberg-Gossler, Baroness Hedwig of Sierstorpff-Driburg, Barossa Valley, Barracks Complex in Września, Bartąg, Bartodzieje Małe, Bartoszyce, Battle of Altenburg, Battle of Amiens (1870), Battle of Arnhem (1813), Battle of Austerlitz, Battle of Évora (1808), Battle of Bapaume (1871), Battle of Bautzen, Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande, Battle of Bellevue, Battle of Blenheim, Battle of Blumenau, Battle of Bov, Battle of Breslau (1757), Battle of Brienne, Battle of Burkersdorf, Battle of Burkersdorf (1866), Battle of Château-Thierry (1814), Battle of Châtillon, Battle of Chevilly, Battle of Courtrai (1814), Battle of Craonne, Battle of Czarnowo, Battle of Dürenstein, Battle of Dennewitz, Battle of Domstadtl, Battle of Dresden, Battle of Dybbøl, Battle of Emmendingen, Battle of Eylau, Battle of Fère-Champenoise, Battle of Freiberg, Battle of Friedberg (Hessen), Battle of Friedland, Battle of Günzburg, Battle of Güstow, Battle of Gitschin, Battle of Golymin, Battle of Großbeeren, Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf, Battle of Gué-à-Tresmes, Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen, Battle of Haguenau (1793), Battle of Halle, Battle of Handschuhsheim, Battle of Hastenbeck, Battle of Haynau, Battle of Heilsberg, Battle of Hennersdorf, Battle of Hochkirch, Battle of Hoogstraten, Battle of Hoyerswerda, Battle of Issy, Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, Battle of Jutland, Battle of Jutphaas, Battle of Kaiserslautern, Battle of Kaiserslautern (1794), Battle of Kay, Battle of Königgrätz, Battle of Kehl (1796), Battle of Kesselsdorf, Battle of Kissingen, Battle of Kolín, Battle of Koroncó, Battle of Kraśnik, Battle of Krefeld, Battle of Kulm, Battle of Kunersdorf, Battle of La Rothière, Battle of Landeshut (1760), Battle of Langensalza (1866), Battle of Laon, Battle of Lübeck, Battle of Lützen (1813), Battle of Leipzig, Battle of Leuthen, Battle of Liegnitz (1760), Battle of Ligny, Battle of Limburg (1792), Battle of Lobositz, Battle of Luckau, Battle of Malplaquet, Battle of Maxen, Battle of Münchengrätz, Battle of Meissen, Battle of Mesoten, Battle of Miłosław, Battle of Middleburg, Battle of Minden, Battle of Mohrungen, Battle of Mollwitz, Battle of Montmirail, Battle of Moys, Battle of Noisseville, Battle of Ostrołęka (1807), Battle of Paris (1814), Battle of Pirmasens, Battle of Poznań (1945), Battle of Prague (1757), Battle of Prenzlau, Battle of Pułtusk, Battle of Pyzdry (1863), Battle of Raismes (1793), Battle of Rajgród (1794), Battle of Rastatt (1796), Battle of Reichenberg, Battle of Reims (1814), Battle of Rocquencourt, Battle of Rossbach, Battle of Schleiz, Battle of Sehested, Battle of Skalitz, Battle of Sosnowiec, Battle of Spicheren, Battle of Stresow, Battle of Szczekociny, Battle of Tauberbischofsheim, Battle of the Ardennes, Battle of the Katzbach, Battle of Torgau, Battle of Tornow, Battle of Trautenau, Battle of Valmy, Battle of Vauchamps, Battle of Verdun (1792), Battle of Villersexel, Battle of Villinghausen, Battle of Vimy Ridge, Battle of Waren-Nossentin, Battle of Waterloo, Battle of Wavre, Battle of Wissembourg (1870), Battle of Zorndorf, Battles of the Seven Years' War, Bauakademie, Bavaria, Béarn, Bílá Voda, Böddenstedt, Börde Railway, Büllingen, Bülowstraße (Berlin U-Bahn), Będzieszyn, Gdańsk County, Będzin, Bęsia, Błudowo, Beaumaris, Ontario, Bebelplatz, Beelitz, Belgian Revolution, Ben Mendelsohn, Benedict Zuckermann, Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat), Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach, Benjamin Wegner, Benjamin Wolf Löw, Berenberg Bank, Berenberg family, Bergen, Lower Saxony, Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, Berlin, Berlin Cathedral, Berlin Enlightenment, Berlin Messe Nord/ICC station, Berlin Musical Instrument Museum, Berlin Ostbahnhof, Berlin–Hamburg Railway, Berlinka (art collection), Bernard Łubieński, Bernardyńska Street in Bydgoszcz, Bernhard Fernow, Bernhard Lichtenberg, Bernhard Rode, Berthold Suhle, Bessarabia Germans, Bethany, South Australia, Bethel Henry Strousberg, Bezirk Bialystok, BFC Preussen, Biała Piska, Białczyn, Białogard, Białystok, Białystok Department, Bińcze, Biebergemünd, Biedkowo, Biegonity, Bielefeld, Bielsk Podlaski, Bielsko-Biała, Bieniewo, Biernatka, Bieruń, Biesowo, Bill Drews, Bingen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof, Bischoffen, Bishopric of Hildesheim, Bishopric of Merseburg, Biskupiec, Bismarck Memorial, Bitburg, Bitterfeld, Black Brunswickers, Black Powder War, Blankenhain, Bledzew, Bliedersdorf, Blockade of Stralsund, Blood of Tyrants, Bloody Sunday (1939), Blue Army (Poland), Blumenthal family, Bożków, Bobrownik, Boeselager, Bogatyńskie, Bogatynia, Bogdany, Braniewo County, Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien, Bogusław Fryderyk Radziwiłł, Boguszowice Stare, Boguszyn, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Bohemia, Bohuslav, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin, Bojszowy, Bolesławiec, Bolesławiec rail viaduct, Bonn, Borchen, Bordeaux, Bordesholm, Borek Strzeliński, Bornity, Bornstedt (Potsdam), Borowina, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Borynia, Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Bosniak Corps, Bosporus, Botho zu Eulenburg, Boule de Suif, Brańsk, Brabant Revolution, Bracht (river), Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Brandenburg Concertos, Brandenburg Gate, Brandenburg-Prussia, Brandenburg-Schwedt, Brandenburger Gold Coast, Brandenburglied, Braniewo, Brąswałd, Bredynki, Bremen-Verden, Bribery of senior Wehrmacht officers, Brigadier Gerard, Brilon, British war crimes, British War Medal, Brocken, Brodnica, Brody, Żary County, Brokęcino, Bromberg (region), Brugherio, Bruno Erhard Abegg, Bruno von Mudra, Brunswick Cathedral, Brunswick Manifesto, Brzęczkowice, Mysłowice, Brzeźce, Brzeg, Brzezie, Racibórz, Brzezinka, Mysłowice, Brzeziny, Brzostki, Brzydowo, Olsztyn County, Buß- und Bettag, Budzisz, Bugi, Building of the District Museum in Bydgoszcz, Bukwałd, Bunde, Germany, Bundesrat (German Empire), Bundesrat of Germany, Bundesstraße 1, Bundestag, Bundeswehr Cross of Honour for Valour, Burgrave, Burtscheid Abbey, Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz Canal, Bydgoszcz Cathedral, Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Bytów, Bytom, Bzie, C. A. E. Matzek, C. L. Gloger, Cabinet of Three Counts, Cadet branch, Cadet Corps, Cadets (film), Campaign of the Main, Canton of Neuchâtel, Canton System (Prussia), Capernaum Church, Capitulation of Erfurt, Capitulation of Pasewalk, Capitulation of Stettin, Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, Cappenberg Castle, Captain general (disambiguation), Cardinal Laws, Carl de Vogt, Carl Degelow, Carl Duisberg, Carl Ferdinand Langhans, Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1811), Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Jordan, Carl Gottlieb Reissiger, Carl Gröpler, Carl Gustav Friedrich Hasselbach, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, Carl Gustav Witt, Carl Harries, Carl Klönne, Carl Legien, Carl Ludvig Engel, Carl Menckhoff, Carl Schmitt, Carl Schurz, Carl Sigismund Kunth, Carl Theodore Liebermann, Carl von Clausewitz, Carl Wernicke, Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, Carl Zabel, Carol Victor, Hereditary Prince of Albania, Caroline of Ansbach, Caroline Rudolphi, Caroline von Humboldt, Casimir the Great Park, Castle Solitude, Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Pelplin, Catherine the Great, Causes of the Polish–Soviet War, Cäsar Rüstow, Cölln, Cecilienhof, Cedynia, Celle-Soltau, Celle-Munster Light Railway, Census in Germany, Central Agricultural Zone (Russia), Central Archive of the Berlin State Museums, Central German football championship, Cerkiewnik, Chaberkowo, Chancellor of Germany, Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin, Charles Antoine Xaintrailles, Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouerie, Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg, Charles Egon III, Prince of Fürstenberg, Charles François Dumouriez, Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing, Charles Hesse, Charles Julius Hempel, Charles L. Matthies, Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles Whitworth, 1st Baron Whitworth, Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery, Charles-Mathias Simons, Charleville musket, Charleville-Mézières, Charlotte Bühler, Charlotte Niese, Charlotte von Kalb, Charlottenburg, Charlottenburg Gate, Charlottenburg Town Hall, Chełmża, Chełmno, Chełmno Land, Chełmno Voivodeship, Chernyakhovsk, Chernyshevskoye, Chinese numismatic charm, Chirapravati Voradej, Chistye Prudy, Kaliningrad Oblast, Chlebowo, Lubusz Voivodeship, Chlumec (Ústí nad Labem District), Chojna, Chojnik Castle, Chortitza Colony, Chorzów Batory, Choszczno, Christian Andreas Käsebier, Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Christian Ehrenfried Weigel, Christian Gottfried Schütz, Christian Graf von Haugwitz, Christian Jakob Kraus, Christian Leopold von Buch, Christian state, Christiane Luise Amalie Becker, Christmas tree, Christoph Ernst Friedrich von Forcade de Biaix, Christoph Hoffmann, Christoph Johann von Medem, Christopher Lieven, Christopher Werner, Chropaczów, Chruściel, Churches of Peace, Ciechanów, Ciechocinek, Cielmice, Tychy, Cisrhenian Republic, Claire Dux, Clara Fey, Clara Immerwahr, Clara Willdenow, Clary und Aldringen, Clausthal University of Technology, Cläre Lotto, Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars, Coalition Wars, Coat of arms of Brandenburg, Coat of arms of Germany, Coat of arms of Lower Saxony, Coat of arms of Prussia, Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire, Collegium Hosianum, Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, Cologne, Cologne Communist Trial, Colonization, Colquhoun Grant (British intelligence officer), Commander-in-chief, Compartment coach, Concert of Europe, Condominium (international law), Confederation of the Rhine, Congregation Beth Israel (New Orleans), Congress of Laibach, Congress Poland, Conservatism in Germany, Constantin von Alvensleben, Constantin von Dietze, Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Constitution of 3 May 1791, Constitution of Belarus, Constitution of Lithuania, Constitution of Prussia (1848), Constitution of Prussia (1850), Constitution of the German Empire, Contributions of Leonhard Euler to mathematics, Convention of London (1840), Copper-Roof Palace, Corps Borussia Bonn, Corps Guestphalia Halle, Cossacks II: Napoleonic Wars, Cossacks: European Wars, Cottbus, Count Erich Kielmansegg, Count Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen, Count Karl Ferdinand von Buol, Count Karl Leopold von Schlieben, Count of Merenberg, Countess Donata of Castell-Rüdenhausen, Countess Friederike of Schlieben, Countess Katharina Dorothea Finck of Finckenstein, Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Samsøe, Counts of Wartenberg, County of Bentheim, County of Hoya, County of Kladsko, County of Mark, County of Nassau, County of Ravensberg, County of Veldenz, County of Wernigerode, Courland, Cranz, Hamburg, Crimean War, Crosses in heraldry, Crown jewels, Curonian Spit, Currency union, Curt Joël, Curt von Morgen, Curzon Line, Cybinka, Czarków, Pszczyna County, Czarnków, Czarnowąsy, Czarny Kierz, Częstochowa, Człuchów, Czech Corner, Czech lands, Czech Silesia, Czeladź, Czersk Castle, Czerwieńsk, Czuchów, Czerwionka-Leszczyny, D. D. Sheehan, Dadaj, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Dadau, Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer, Daniel Harrwitz, Daniel Itzig, Danube–Black Sea Canal, Danzig (region), Danzig law, Danziger Höhe, Darlingerode, Dassow, Daun, Germany, David Alopaeus, David ben Naphtali Fränkel, David Cassel, David Hilbert, David Ruhnken, Day of Potsdam, Düren, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf-Gerresheim, Dąbrówka Malborska, Dąbrowice, Opole Voivodeship, Dębieńsko, Długa street in Bydgoszcz, Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea-coast, Demity, Demographics of Cologne, Demographics of Lithuania, Denmark, Denmark–France relations, Denmark–Germany relations, Denmark–United Kingdom relations, Departments of France, Derc, Derenburg, Dessau, Deutsche Oper Berlin, Deutsche Reichsbahn, Dictionnaire philosophique, Die Wacht am Rhein, Diego von Bergen, Diet (assembly), Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Dietrich Eckart, Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten, Dillingen, Saarland, District office building, Września, Districts of Cologne, Districts of Prussia, Dithmarschen, Dobieszczyn, Dobre Miasto, Dobrodzień, Dobrzyń Land, Dolsk, Dominions of Sweden, Domyśl, Donat Makijonek, Dorotowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Dorstadt, Dortmund, Doubloon, Dragoon, Draheim, Drang nach Osten, Drawsko Pomorskie, Drei-Länder-Stein, Dreiherrenstein, Dresden Coinage Convention, Dresden Conference (1851), Dreyse needle gun, Drezdenko, Drogoradz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Drohiczyn, Drwęca, Lidzbark County, Dubislav Gneomar von Natzmer, Duchess Agnes of Württemberg, Duchess Amelia of Württemberg, Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess Marie of Württemberg, Duchy of Żagań, Duchy of Berg, Duchy of Bernstadt, Duchy of Brunswick State Railway, Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchy of Brzeg, Duchy of Bytom, Duchy of Cleves, Duchy of Głogów, Duchy of Holstein, Duchy of Jülich, Duchy of Krnov, Duchy of Legnica, Duchy of Luxemburg, Duchy of Magdeburg, Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duchy of Nassau, Duchy of Nysa, Duchy of Oels, Duchy of Opole, Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, Duchy of Pless, Duchy of Pomerania, Duchy of Prussia, Duchy of Racibórz, Duchy of Siewierz, Duchy of Silesia, Duchy of Teschen, Duchy of Troppau, Duchy of Warsaw, Duke Charles of Mecklenburg, Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857), Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1820–1875), Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877), Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke Nicholas of Württemberg, Duke of Lauenburg, Duke of Schleswig, Duke of Silesia, Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg, Duke William of Württemberg, Duppel Storm Cross, Dywity, Działdowo, Dziećkowice, Dzierżoniów, Dzierzgoń, E. T. A. 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W. 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Adorno, Theodor Zahn, Theodore Rudzinski, Thermidorian Reaction, Third Silesian War, Thomas Johann Seebeck, Thomas Orde-Lees, Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon, Three Emperors' Corner, Thun und Hohenstein, Thuringia, Thuringian Basin, Thuringian Railway Company, Thurn und Taxis, Thurn-und-Taxis Post, Timeline of Aachen, Timeline of Łódź, Timeline of Berlin, Timeline of Białystok, Timeline of Bonn, Timeline of Cologne, Timeline of Düsseldorf, Timeline of German history, Timeline of historical geopolitical changes, Timeline of Karl Marx, Timeline of LGBT history, Timeline of Luxembourg City, Timeline of Münster, Timeline of postal history, Timeline of Russian history, Timeline of sovereign states in Europe, Timeline of the history of the region of Palestine, Timeline of Wrocław, Timeline of zoophilia, Timelines of Ottoman Syria history, Tolkmicko, Tolkowiec, Tomaszkowo, Toruń, Toruń Fortress, Trakehner, Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War), Treaty of Altranstädt (1707), Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Prussia–United States), Treaty of Berlin (1742), Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Breslau, Treaty of Bromberg, Treaty of Chaumont, Treaty of Dresden, Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814), Treaty of Hubertusburg, Treaty of Kiel, Treaty of Labiau, Treaty of London (1839), Treaty of London (1864), Treaty of London (1867), Treaty of Paris (1814), Treaty of Paris (1815), Treaty of Paris (1856), Treaty of Poznań, Treaty of Stettin (1715), Treaty of Teschen, Treaty of the Three Black Eagles, Treaty of Versailles (1758), Treaty of Vienna (1864), Trenck's Pandurs, Trial of Louis XVI, Trier, Trier (region), Triple Entente, Triptis–Marxgrün railway, Troksy, Tropy Elbląskie, Troszkowo, Trzcianka, Trzciano, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Trzebiatów, Trzebież, Trzebnica, Trzemeszno Lubuskie, Tuławki, Tuchola, Turkish Straits, Turks in Germany, Two Friends (short story), Uchida Ryu Tanjojutsu, Uckermark, Uelzen–Langwedel railway, Uhlan, Ujazd, Zgorzelec, Ulm Campaign, Ulrich von 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Zarzewie, Zawkrze, Złotniki Lubańskie, Złotoryja, Złotowo, Malbork County, Zbąszyń, Zecharias Frankel, Zehlendorf bei Oranienburg, Zeitz, Zelenogradsk, Zeven, Zgoń, Zielona Góra, Zimmernsupra, Zinnowitz, Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Zollverein, Zossen, Zvi Hirsch Kalischer, Zweibrücken, Zygmunt Gorgolewski, Zygmunt Unrug, 10th (Magdeburg) Hussars, 1701, 1709, 1709 in Great Britain, 1720, 1733, 1741, 1742, 1757, 1761 in Great Britain, 1762, 1762 in Russia, 1763, 1763 in Austria, 1764, 1785 in the United States, 1793, 1794, 1797, 1806, 1806 in France, 1807, 1810s, 1813, 1813 in Denmark, 1813 in France, 1823, 1840, 1840s, 1849, 1860s, 1864 (TV series), 1866, 1880s, 1890s, 18th century, 18th century in LGBT rights, 18th-century history of Germany, 1940 Field Marshal Ceremony, 1940–41 Gauliga, 19th century in LGBT rights, 1st Foot Guards (German Empire), 1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire), 1st Infantry Division (United Kingdom), 1st Polish Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard, 3rd Guards Infantry Division (German Empire), 42nd Division (German Empire), 5th Guards Grenadiers. Expand index (4372 more) »

Aabenraa County

Aabenraa County (Åbenrå Amt, former spelling: Aabenraa Amt) is a former province in Denmark, located on the east-central region of Southern Jutland.

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Aabenraa Municipality

For the town of the same name, see Aabenraa. Aabenraa Municipality is a municipality in the Region of Southern Denmark in southwestern Denmark.

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Aachen

Aachen or Bad Aachen, French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle, is a spa and border city.

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Aachen Cathedral

Aachen Cathedral (German: Aachener Dom), traditionally called in English the Cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle, is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, western Germany, and the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen.

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Aar Valley Railway

The Aar Valley Railway (Aartalbahn) is a 53.7 km long line between Wiesbaden, the capital of the German state of Hesse, and Diez in Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Abdülaziz

Abdülaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / `Abdü’l-`Azīz, Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

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Abdelaziz of Morocco

Abdelaziz of Morocco (24 February 187810 June 1943; عبد العزيز الرابع), also known as Mulai Abd al-Aziz IV, succeeded his father Hassan I of Morocco as the Sultan of Morocco in 1894 at the age of sixteen and served in that position until he was deposed in 1908.

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Abdication of Wilhelm II

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated as German Emperor and King of Prussia in November 1918.

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Abolition of monarchy

The abolition of monarchy involves the ending of monarchical elements in the government of a country.

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Abraham Auerbach

Abraham Auerbach (born in the middle of the 18th century; died November 3, 1846) was a German rabbi.

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Abraham Berliner

Abraham (Adolf) Berliner (May 2, 1833 – April 21, 1915) (Hebrew: אברהם ברלינר) was a German theologian and historian, born in Obersitzko, in the Grand Duchy of Posen, Prussia.

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Abraham Constantin Mouradgea d’Ohsson

Abraham Constantine Mouradgea d'Ohsson (26 November 1779 in Constantinople – 25 December 1851 in Berlin), was a Swedish historian and diplomat of Armenian descent.

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Abraham Geiger

Abraham Geiger (24 May 181023 October 1874) was a German rabbi and scholar, considered the founding father of Reform Judaism.

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Academic Gymnasium Danzig

The Academic Gymnasium Danzig (Akademisches Gymnasium Danzig, Gdańskie Gimnazjum Akademickie), was a school founded in Danzig (formerly in Royal Prussia and now Gdańsk, Poland) It was founded in 1558 by Johann Hoppe (1512–1565), who had previously worked at schools in Culm (Chełmno) and Elbing (Elbląg) until Catholic Prince-Bishop Stanislaus Hosius closed them.

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Academy of Arts, Berlin

The Academy of Arts (Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany.

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Act of Guarantee

The Act of Guarantee (Dutch: Akte van Garantie) of the hereditary stadtholderate was a document from 1788, in which the seven provinces of the States General and the representative of Drenthe declared, amongst other things, that the admiralty and captain-generalship were hereditary, and together with the hereditary stadtholderate would henceforth be an integrated part of the constitution of the Dutch Republic.

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Adalbert Falk

Paul Ludwig Adalbert Falk (10 August 1827 – July 7, 1900) was a German politician.

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Adalbert Schneider

Adalbert Schneider (10 March 1904 – 27 May 1941) was the First Gunnery Officer on board the battleship ''Bismarck'', and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for the sinking of on 24 May 1941 in the Battle of the Denmark Strait.

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Adam Bajalics von Bajahaza

Adam Bajalics von Bajaháza, also Adam Bajalić von Bajaházy or Adam Bayalitsch, (1734 – 5 June 1800) entered Austrian military service and fought against Prussia, Ottoman Turkey, and France.

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Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim

Adam Friedrich Graf von Seinsheim (1708–1779) was the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1755 to 1779 and Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1757 to 1779.

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Adam Mickiewicz

Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator, professor of Slavic literature, and political activist.

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Adam Opel

Adam Opel (9 May 1837 – 8 September 1895) was the founder of the German automobile company Adam Opel AG.

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Adam Stanisław Grabowski

Adam Stanisław Grabowski (Adamus Stanislaus Grabowski; Gr. Butzig (Wielki Buczek), near Pr. Friedland (now Debrzno), 3 September 1698 – 15 December 1766, Heilsberg (now Lidzbark Warmiński)), of the Zbiświcz coat-of-arms, was Bishop of Chełmno 1736–39, Bishop of Kujawy 1739–41, Prince-Bishop of Warmia 1741–66.

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Adam von Trott zu Solz

Friedrich Adam von Trott zu Solz (9 August 1909 – 26 August 1944) was a German lawyer and diplomat who was involved in the conservative resistance to Nazism.

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Adelbert von Chamisso

Adelbert von Chamisso (30 January 178121 August 1838) was a German poet and botanist, author of Peter Schlemihl, a famous story about a man who sold his shadow.

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Administrative division of Duchy of Warsaw

Administrative division of the Duchy of Warsaw was based on departments, which were headed by prefects.

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Administrative division of Polish–Lithuanian territories after Partitions

The three consecutive partitions of Poland carried out in the late 18th century by the Austrian, Prussian and the Russian empires, between 1772 and 1795, resulted in the complete disappearance of sovereign Poland from the map of Europe until the end of World War One in 1918.

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Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the result of the long and complicated history of the fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom and the union of Poland and Lithuania.

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Adolf Anderssen

Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen (July 6, 1818 – March 13, 1879)"Anderssen, Adolf" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica.

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Adolf Bertram

Adolf Cardinal Bertram (14 March 1859 – 6 July 1945) was archbishop of Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Adolf Eichmann

Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust.

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Adolf Engler

Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist.

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Adolf Ernst

Adolf Ernst (Primkenau, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, (today Przemków, Poland) October 6, 1832 - Caracas, Venezuela, August 12, 1899) was a Prussian-born scientist.

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Adolf Galland

Adolf Joseph Ferdinand Galland (19 March 1912 – 9 February 1996) was a German Luftwaffe general and flying ace who served throughout the Second World War in Europe.

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Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg

Graf Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg (10 April 1803 – 8 January 1868) was a German statesman.

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Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe

Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1 August 1817 – 8 May 1893) was a ruler of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.

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Adolf Kirchhoff

Johann Wilhelm Adolf Kirchhoff (6 January 1826 – 26 February 1908) was a German classical scholar and epigraphist.

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Adolf Pinner

Adolf Pinner (August 31, 1842 – May 21, 1909) was a German chemist.

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Adolf von Scholz

Adolf Heinrich Wilhelm Scholz, since 1883 Adolf Heinrich Wilhelm von Scholz (born 1 November 1833 in Schweidnitz, died 20 March 1924 at Schloss Seeheim, Constance) was a German army officer and politician.

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Adolf von Trotha

Adolf von Trotha (1 March 1868, Koblenz, Rhine Province – 11 October 1940) was a German admiral in the Kaiserliche Marine.

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Adolph Coors

Adolph Herman Joseph Coors Sr. (born Adolph Hermann Josef Kuhrs or some variant thereof) (February 4, 1847 – June 5, 1929) was a German American brewer who founded the Adolph Coors Company in Golden, Colorado, in 1873.

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Adolph von Hansemann

Adolph von Hansemann (27 July 1826 – 9 December 1903) was an Imperial German businessman and banker.

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Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Adolphe (Adolf Wilhelm August Karl Friedrich; 24 July 1817 – 17 November 1905) was the last sovereign Duke of Nassau, reigning from 20 August 1839 until the duchy's annexation to Kingdom of Prussia in 1866.

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Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge

Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge (Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus; 13 August 1868 – 24 October 1927), born Prince Adolphus of Teck and later The Duke of Teck, was a member of the British Royal Family, a great-grandson of King George III and younger brother of Queen Mary, the consort of King George V. In 1900, he succeeded his father as Duke of Teck in the Kingdom of Württemberg.

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Adrian Wewer

Adrian Wewer, O.F.M., (April 14, 1836 - March 15, 1914) was a German-born Franciscan lay brother who was the architect of more than 100 churches, college buildings, seminaries, schools, friaries, convents, and hospitals throughout the United States.

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Aegidienberg

Aegidienberg is a district of Bad Honnef in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Affler

Affler is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

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AG Märkische Kleinbahn

The AG Märkische Kleinbahn or MKB in Berlin is a German railway museum and heritage railway, founded in 1981, with legal status as a society since 1982.

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Age of Liberty

In Swedish and Finnish history, the Age of Liberty (Age of Freedom) (Frihetstiden) is a half-century-long period of parliamentary governance and increasing civil rights, beginning with Charles XII's death in 1718 and ending with Gustav III's self-coup in 1772.

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Agostino Steffani

Agostino Steffani (25 July 165412 February 1728) was an Italian ecclesiastic, diplomat and composer.

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Akiva Eger

Rabbi Akiva Eger (also spelled as Akiva Eiger), or Akiva Güns, עקיבא אייגער, (Eisenstadt, 1761Poznań, 1837) was an outstanding Talmudic scholar, influential halakhic decisor and foremost leader of European Jewry during the early 19th century.

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Al Shean

Abraham Elieser Adolph Schönberg (12 May 1868 – 12 August 1949), known as Al Shean, was a comedian and vaudeville performer.

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Alajos Károlyi

Count Alajos Károlyi de Nagykároly (8 August 18252 December 1889) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat.

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Albert A. Michelson

Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS HFRSE (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

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Albert Bierstadt

Albert Bierstadt (January 7, 1830 – February 18, 1902) was an American painter best known for his lavish, sweeping landscapes of the American West.

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Albert Bormann

Albert Bormann (2 September 19028 April 1989) was a German National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) officer, who rose to the rank of Gruppenführer (Generalleutnant) during World War II.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).

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Albert Friedrich Speer

Albert Friedrich Speer (6 May 1863 – 31 March 1947) was a German architect.

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Albert Kahn (architect)

Albert Kahn (March 21, 1869 – December 8, 1942) was the foremost American industrial architect of his day.

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Albert Mosse

Isaac Albert Mosse (1 October 1846 – 31 May 1925) was a German judge and legal scholar.

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Albert von Maybach

Arnold Heinrich Albert von Maybach (29 November 1822 – 20 January 1904) was a German lawyer, politician and railway manager.

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Albert von Memerty

Albert von Memerty (December 8, 1814 – January 24, 1896) was a general in the armies of the Kingdom of Prussia and Imperial Germany.

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Albertine Badenberg

Albertine Badenberg (29 December 1865 - 20 April 1958) was a teacher and a feminist activist.

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Albrecht Brandi

Albrecht Brandi (20 June 1914 – 6 January 1966) was a German U-boat commander in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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Albrecht von Bernstorff

Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff (22 March 1809 – 26 March 1873) was a Prussian statesman.

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Albrecht von Roon

Albrecht Theodor Emil Graf von Roon (30 April 180323 February 1879) was a Prussian soldier and statesman.

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Albrechtsberg Palace (Dresden)

Albrechtsberg Palace or Albrechtsberg Castle (Schloss Albrechtsberg) is a Neoclassical stately home above the Elbe river in the Loschwitz district of Dresden.

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Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov

Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (p; &ndash) was a Russian Imperial general of the 19th century who commanded Russian troops in the Caucasian War.

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Alexander Andrae

Alexander Andrae (27 April 1888 – 3 April 1979), whose first name is often mistakenly given as Waldemar, was a German military officer from Kösling, Upper Silesia.

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Alexander Constantin Watzke Sr.

Alexander Constantin Watzke, Senior, was born in Prenzlau, in the Ückermark district of the Kingdom of Prussia, now part of Germany, in 1836, the sixth of thirteen children born to Johann Watzke, roofer, and his first wife, Charlotte Dubois.

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Alexander I of Russia

Alexander I (Александр Павлович, Aleksandr Pavlovich; –) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1801 and 1825.

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Alexander Jacob Schem

Alexander Jacob Schem (16 March 1826, Wiedenbrück, Prussia – 21 May 1881, West Hoboken, New Jersey) was a German-American writer, editor and educator.

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Alexander of Greece

Alexander (Αλέξανδρος, Aléxandros; 1 August 189325 October 1920) was King of Greece from 11 June 1917 until his death three years later, at the age of 27, from the effects of a monkey bite.

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Alexander Rüstow

Alexander Rüstow (April 8, 1885 – June 30, 1963) was a German sociologist and economist.

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Alexander Rüstow (soldier)

Alexander Rüstow (October 13, 1824 – July 25, 1866) was a Prussian soldier and military writer from Brandenburg an der Havel.

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Alexander Schimmelfennig

Alexander Schimmelfennig (July 20, 1824 – September 5, 1865) was a German soldier and political revolutionary; then he became a Union Army general in the American Civil War.

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Alexander von Humboldt

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a Prussian polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

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Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten (1899–1997)

Alexander Fürst zu Dohna-Schlobitten (Alexander, Prince zu Dohna-Schlobitten) (11 December 1899 – 29 October 1997) was a German Junker, soldier, businessman and author.

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Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)

Alexandra Feodorovna (p), born Princess Charlotte of Prussia (13 July 1798 – 1 November 1860), was Empress consort of Russia.

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Alexis, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

Alexis William Ernest Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (Alexis Wilhelm Ernst von Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld.; 13 September 1829 in Burgsteinfurt – 16 August 1905 in Herleshausen) was the last ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld.

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Alexis, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt

Alexis Carl Ernst Louis Ferdinand Eugen Bernhard, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt (Alexis Carl Ernst Louis Ferdinand Eugen Bernhard Fürst zu Bentheim und Steinfurt; 17 November 1845 – 21 January 1919) was a Lieutenant General, statesman, and the Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt from 28 September 1890 to 21 January 1919.

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Alexius, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt

Alexius Frederick, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt (20 January 1781 – 3 November 1866) was a German nobleman.

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Alfred David Augustus d'Espinassy de Fontanelle

Alfred David Augustus d'Espinassy de Fontanelle was the 5th Marquis of Fontanelle, and member of the House of Essex.

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Alfred de Rothschild

Alfred Charles Freiherr de Rothschild, CVO (20 July 1842 – 31 January 1918), was the second son of Lionel ''Freiherr'' de Rothschild and Charlotte ''Freifrau'' von Rothschild of the prominent Rothschild family.

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Alfred Hübner

Vizefeldwebel Alfred Hübner (born 26 October 1891, date of death unknown) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

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Alfred Kerr

Alfred Kerr (né Kempner; 25 December 1867 – 12 October 1948, surname) was an influential German theatre critic and essayist of Jewish descent, nicknamed the Kulturpapst ("Culture Pope").

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Alfred Pelldram

Alfred Leopold Robert Moritz Pelldram (1847 – 22 February 1906) was a German diplomat who served as the Consul-General for Australia, Resident Minister to Haiti and Minister to Venezuela.

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Alfred Ryder (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Phillipps Ryder KCB (27 June 1820 – 30 April 1888) was a Royal Navy officer.

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Alfred von Schlieffen

Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, generally called Count Schlieffen (28 February 1833 – 4 January 1913) was a German field marshal and strategist who served as chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906.

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Alfred von Tirpitz

Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz (19 March 1849 – 6 March 1930) was a German Grand Admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the German Imperial Navy from 1897 until 1916.

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Alfred von Waldersee

Alfred Ludwig Heinrich Karl Graf von Waldersee (8 April 1832 in Potsdam5 March 1904 in Hanover) was a German field marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) who became Chief of the Imperial German General Staff.

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Allenstein (region)

Regierungsbezirk Allenstein was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, of the Prussian province of East Prussia from 1905 until 1945.

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Allied sovereigns' visit to England

The Allied sovereigns' visit to England occurred in June 1814 to celebrate the peace following the defeat of France and abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814.

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Alois Alzheimer

Aloysius Alzheimer (also known as Alois Alzheimer;;; 14 June 1864 – 19 December 1915) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin.

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Aloys Hirt

Aloys Hirt (27 June 1759 – 29 June 1837) was a German art historian and archaeologist of Ancient Greek and Roman architecture.

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Als (island)

Als (Alsen) is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea.

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Alsace

Alsace (Alsatian: ’s Elsass; German: Elsass; Alsatia) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.

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Alsen Cross

The Alsen Cross (Alsenkreuz) was a military medal of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Altenbeuthen

Altenbeuthen is a municipality in the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, in Thuringia, Germany.

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Altenbrunslar

Altenbunslar is one of the sixteen constituent communities that form the town of Felsberg in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, North Hesse, Germany.

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Altes Museum

The Altes Museum (German for Old Museum) is a museum building on Museum Island in Berlin, Germany.

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Altmark

The Altmark (English: Old MarchHansard, The Parliamentary Debates from the Year 1803 to the Present Time..., Volume 32. 1 February to 6 March 1816, T.C. Hansard, 1816.. Article XXIII of the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna) is a historic region in Germany, comprising the northern third of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Altona, Hamburg

Altona is the westernmost urban borough (Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe river.

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Altstadt (Königsberg)

Altstadt's marketplace Coat of arms of Altstadt Altstadt (Senamiestis; Stare Miasto) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany.

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Altstadt Spandau

Altstadt Spandau is the historic centre (Old Town) of the Spandau borough in the western suburbs of Berlin, situated on the right bank of the Havel river by its confluence with the Spree tributary.

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Alvensleben Convention

The Alvensleben Convention was a treaty between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, named after general Gustav von Alvensleben.

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Alytus

Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania.

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Am Großen Bruch

Am Großen Bruch is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Amalia von Dyhrn

Baroness Amalia Frederica Wilhelmina von Dyhrn-Czettritz-Neuhaus née Baroness von Rabenau (30 July 1790 in Breslau – 14 June 1866 in Herzogswaldau) was a well-known German multi-millionaire heiress and a philanthropist.

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Amber Room

The Amber Room (r, Bernsteinzimmer, Bursztynowa komnata) is a reconstructed chamber decorated in amber panels backed with gold leaf and mirrors, located in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo near Saint Petersburg.

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Amnesia: The Dark Descent

Amnesia: The Dark Descent is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, released for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and PlayStation 4 platforms.

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An Mein Volk

The proclamation An Mein Volk ("To my People") was issued by King Frederick William III of Prussia on 17 March 1813 in Breslau (present-day Wrocław, Poland).

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André Joseph Boussart

André Joseph Boussart or André Joseph Boussard (13 November 1758 – 11 August 1813) was a French soldier and general.

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Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough

Andreas Graf O'Reilly von Ballinlough (3 August 1742 – 5 July 1832) was an Irish-Austrian soldier and military commander of Irish origin.

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Andrei Rosenberg

Diederich Arend von Rosenberg or Andrei Grigoryevich Rosenberg (1739–1813) was an Imperial Russian general who led troops against Ottoman Turkey, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Republican France.

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Andrzej Grzegorczyk

Andrzej Grzegorczyk (22 August 1922 – 20 March 2014) was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher, and ethicist noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic, and the foundations of mathematics.

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Angermünde

Angermünde is a town in the district of Uckermark in the state of Brandenburg, Germany.

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Anglo-French War (1778–1783)

The Anglo-French War was a military conflict fought between France and Great Britain with their respective allies as part of the American Revolutionary War between 1778 and 1783.

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Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)

The Anglo-Prussian Alliance was a military alliance created by the Westminster Convention between Great Britain and Prussia which lasted formally between 1756 and 1762 during the Seven Years' War.

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Anglo-Prussian Convention

The Anglo-Prussian Convention was agreed on 11 April 1758 between Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia formalising the alliance between them that had effectively existed since the Convention of Westminster in 1756.

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Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)

The Anglo-Spanish War of 1727–1729 was a limited war that took place between Great Britain and Spain during the late 1720s, and consisted of a failed British attempt to blockade Porto Bello and a failed Spanish attempt to capture Gibraltar.

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Anklam

Anklam, formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Anna Amalia, Abbess of Quedlinburg

Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia (9 November 1723 – 30 March 1787) was Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg.

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Anna Anderson

Anna Anderson (16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984) was the best known of several impostors who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia.

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Anna Dorothea Therbusch

Anna Dorothea Therbusch (born Anna Dorothea Lisiewski, Anna Dorota Lisiewska, 23 July 1721 – 9 November 1782) was a prominent Rococo painter born in the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Anna Yesipova

Anna Yesipova (born Anna Nikolayevna Yesipova in Saint Petersburg, — died, Saint Petersburg) was a prominent Russian pianist.

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Annates

Annates (annatae, from annus, "year") were a payment from the recipient of an ecclesiastical benefice to the ordaining authorities.

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Anne-Marie von Schutzbar genannt Milchling

Anne-Marie von Schutzbar genannt Milchling (3 July 1903 –1 January 1991) was the second wife of Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg, pretender to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.

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Ansbach

Ansbach is a city in the German state of Bavaria.

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Anschluss

Anschluss ('joining') refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.

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Anthony of Saxony

Anthony (27 December 1755 in Dresden – 6 June 1836 in Dresden), also known by his German name Anton (full name: Anton Clemens Theodor Maria Joseph Johann Evangelista Johann Nepomuk Franz Xavier Aloys Januar),Holborn, p. 24 was a King of Saxony (1827–1836) from the House of Wettin.

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Anti-Polish sentiment

Polonophobia, anti-Polonism, antipolonism, and anti-Polish sentiment are terms for a variety of hostile attitudes and acts toward Polish persons and culture.

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Antoine Chanzy

Antoine Eugène Alfred Chanzy (18 March 18234 January 1883) was a French general, notable for his successes during the Franco-Prussian War and as a governor of Algeria.

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Antoine-Guillaume Rampon

Antoine-Guillaume Rampon (16 March 1759 - 2 March 1842) joined the French army as a private soldier and rose in rank to become a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot

Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot (born 26 December 1775 in Verdun, died 17 February 1813 in Essen), né Antoine Charles Louis de Tabouillot, was a French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary, who later became a politician in the French satellite state, the Grand Duchy of Berg, where he served as Mayor of Essen under French rule during the Napoleonic Wars from 1811 to 1813.

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Anton de Waal

Anton Joseph Johann Maria de Waal (5 May 1837 - 23 February 1917) was a German Christian archeologist and Roman Catholic church historian.

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Anton Thraen

Anton Karl Thraen (17 January 1843, Holungen, Province of Saxony – 18 February 1902, Dingelstädt) was a German astronomer and named two minor planets, 442 Eichsfeldia and 443 Photographica.

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Anton von Werner

Anton Alexander von Werner (9 May 18434 January 1915) was a German painter known for his history paintings of notable political and military events in the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq

Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq (16 August 1738 – 5 January 1815) was a Prussian cavalry general best known for his command of the Prussian troops at the Battle of Eylau.

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Antonín Petrof

Antonín Petrof (August 15, 1839 – September 9, 1915) was a Czech piano maker.

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Antoni Giełgud

Antanas Gelgaudas of Gelgaudai (1792-1831) was a Lithuanian military officer, a general of the Polish-Lithuanian Army.

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Antoni Madaliński

Antoni Madaliński (1739–1805) – Polish Lieutenant General, commander of 1st Greater Polish National Cavalry Brigade during Kościuszko Uprising.

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Antoni Radziwiłł

Prince Antoni Henryk Radziwiłł (13 June 1775 – 7 April 1833) was a Polish and Prussian noble, aristocrat, musician and politician.

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Antonio Bueno

Antonio Bueno (21 July 1918 – 26 September 1984) was an Italian painter of Spanish origin, who acquired Italian citizenship in 1970.

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Antonio Ricardos

Antonio Ricardos Carrillo de Albornoz (1727, Barbastro – 13 March 1794) was a Spanish general.

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Aplerbeck

Aplerbeck was a village in Germany documented first in 899.

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Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany

The Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Germany (Vicariatus Apostolicus Germaniae Septentrionalis) was known for most of its existence as the Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern (or Nordic) Missions (Vicariatus Apostolicus Missionum Septentrionalium), established on 28 April 1667.

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April 18

No description.

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Archduke Anton Victor of Austria

Anton Victor, Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia (full German name: Anton Viktor Joseph Johann Raimund von Österreich, 31 August 1779 – 2 April 1835) was an Archduke of Austria and a Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.

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Archduke John of Austria

Archduke John of Austria (Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Österreich; 20 January 1782 – 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (Reichsverweser) of the short-lived German Empire during the Revolutions of 1848.

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Architecture in Berlin

Berlins history has left the city with an eclectic assortment of architecture.

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Arciszewo, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Arciszewo (Artschau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pruszcz Gdański, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Ardennes

The Ardennes (L'Ardenne; Ardennen; L'Årdene; Ardennen; also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes) is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges formed by the geological features of the Ardennes mountain range and the Moselle and Meuse River basins.

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Arenberg

Arenberg, also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg, is a former county, principality and finally duchy that was located in what is now Germany.

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Armée des Émigrés

The Armée des Émigrés (English: Army of the Émigrés), were counter-revolutionary armies raised outside France by and out of Royalist Émigrés, with the aim of overthrowing the French Revolution, reconquering France and restoring the monarchy.

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Armgard von Cramm

Armgard von Cramm (Armgard Kunigunde Alharda Agnes Oda von Cramm; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.

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Armistice Day

Armistice Day is commemorated every year on 11 November to mark the armistice signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany at Compiègne, France, for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front of World War I, which took effect at eleven o'clock in the morning—the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month" of 1918.

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Armistice of Versailles

The Armistice of Versailles that came into effect on 28 January 1871 brought to an end the active phase of the Franco-Prussian War.

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Army of the North (France)

The Army of the North or Armée du Nord is a name given to several historical units of the French Army.

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Arnold Genthe

Arnold Genthe (January 8, 1869 – August 9, 1942) was a German-born American photographer, best known for his photographs of San Francisco's Chinatown, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and his portraits of noted people, from politicians and socialites to literary figures and entertainment celebrities.

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Arnold Sommerfeld

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics.

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Arshak Ter-Gukasov

Arshak Ter-Gukasov (Արշակ Տեր-Ղուկասով; 1819 – 8 January 1881) was a Lieutenant-General of the Russian Empire.

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Arthur Greiser

Arthur Karl Greiser (22 January 1897 – 21 July 1946) was a Nazi German politician, SS-Obergruppenführer and Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of the German-occupied territory of Wartheland.

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Arthur Korn

Arthur Korn (May 20, 1870, Breslau, Germany – December 21/December 22, 1945, Jersey City, New Jersey) was a German physicist, mathematician and inventor.

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Arthur Moritz Schoenflies

Arthur Moritz Schoenflies (17 April 1853 – 27 May 1928), sometimes written as Schönflies, was a German mathematician, known for his contributions to the application of group theory to crystallography, and for work in topology.

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Arthur Rahn

Leutnant Arthur Rahn (18 July 1897 – 27 April 1962) was a German World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

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Arthur Rimbaud

Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet who is known for his influence on modern literature and arts, which prefigured surrealism.

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Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.

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Arthur Zimmermann

Arthur Zimmermann (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1940) was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917.

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Arzén von Cserépy

Arzén von Cserépy (1881–1958) was a Hungarian screenwriter, film producer and director who was based in Germany.

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Aspasia Manos

Aspasia Manos (Ασπασία Μάνου; 4 September 1896 – 7 August 1972) was a Greek commoner who became the wife of Alexander I, King of Greece.

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August 16

No description.

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August 6

No description.

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August Albrecht Meckel

August Albrecht Meckel (1790–1829) was a German physician.

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August Bebel

Ferdinand August Bebel (22 February 1840 – 13 August 1913) was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator.

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August Bier

August Karl Gustav Bier (24 November 1861 – 12 March 1949) was a German surgeon.

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August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein

Graf August David of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (14 April 1663 – 1735) was a Prussian politician.

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August Franz Globensky

August Franz Globensky, born August Franciszek Głąbiński (or Glaubenskindt, Globenski, Glanbenkind; January 1, 1754 – April 19, 1830), was a Polish physician and one of the founding members of the Polish community in Canada.

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August Heinrich Lehmann

August Heinrich Lehmann (May 29, 1842- ?) was an American restaurateur from Hustisford, Wisconsin who served a single one-year term as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Dodge County.

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August Karl von Goeben

August Karl von Goeben (10 December 181613 November 1880), was a Prussian infantry general, who won the Iron Cross for his service in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71.

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August Kavel

August Ludwig Christian Kavel (3 September 1798 – 12 February 1860).

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August Ludwig Hülsen

August Ludwig Hülsen (pseudonym: Hegekern; 3 March 1765 – 24 September 1809) was a German philosopher, writer and pedagogue of early German Romanticism.

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August Ludwig von Nostitz

August Ludwig Ferdinand Graf von Nostitz (27 December 1777, Zessel, near Öls – 28 May 1866, on his estates at Zobten, near Löwenberg in Schlesien) was a Prussian general who acted as adjutant general to Frederick William III of Prussia.

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August Rohling

August Rohling (15 February 1839 at Neuenkirchen, Province of Westphalia, Prussia – 23 January 1931 in Salzburg) was a German Catholic theologian, student of anti-Semitic texts, and polemical author.

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August Schmidt (Luftwaffe)

August Schmidt (1 February 1883 – 23 November 1955) was a highly decorated General der Flakartillerie in the Luftwaffe during World War II.

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August Soller

Johann August Karl Soller (14 March 1805 – 6 November 1853) was a Prussian, and later, German architect.

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August von Brandis

August (Friedrich Carl) von Brandis (12 May 1859 in Berlin-Haselhorst - 18 October 1947 in Aachen) was a German impressionist painter, best known for his interiors.

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August von der Heydt

August von der Heydt (15 February 1801 – 13 June 1874) was an influential German economist.

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August von Kleist

August Christoph Viktor von Kleist (February 19, 1818, Perkuiken - May 14, 1890, Potsdam) was a Prussian Major General.

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August von Mackensen

Anton Ludwig August von Mackensen (6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), born August Mackensen, was a German field marshal.

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August von Senarclens de Grancy

August Ludwig, Baron von Senarclens de Grancy (19 August 1794 – 3 October 1871) was born Auguste Louis de Senarclens de Grancy at the château d'Etoy in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland (ancestral home of the de Loriol family), the firstborn son of three sons and four daughters of César Auguste, Baron von Senarclens de Grancy, (born in 1763) and wife Élizabeth Claudine Marie-Rose de Loriol (born in 1773).

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August von Trott zu Solz

August Bodo Wilhelm Clemens Paul von Trott zu Solz (29 December 1855 – 27 October 1938) was a German politician.

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August von Werder

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich August Leopold Graf von Werder (12 September 1808 – 12 September 1887) was a Prussian general.

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August Wöhler

August Wöhler (22 June 1819 – 21 March 1914) was a German railway engineer, best remembered for his systematic investigations of metal fatigue.

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August Wilhelm von Hofmann

August Wilhelm von Hofmann (8 April 18185 May 1892) was a German chemist.

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Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (Auguste Viktoria Friederike Luise Feodora Jenny; 22 October 1858 – 11 April 1921) was the last German empress and queen of Prussia by marriage to Wilhelm II, German Emperor.

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Augustówka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Augustówka (Augustwalde) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Augustin Theiner

Augustin Theiner, Cong.Orat., (11 April 1804, Breslau – 8 August 1874, Civitavecchia) was a German theologian and historian.

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Aurich

Aurich (Low German: Auerk, West Frisian: Auwerk) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Austria — the Nazis' first victim

"Austria – the Nazis' first victim" was a political slogan first used at the Moscow Conference in 1943 which went on to become the ideological basis for Austria and the national self-consciousness of Austrians during the periods of the allied occupation of 1945-1955 and the sovereign state of the Second Austrian Republic (1955–1980s).

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Austria–Denmark relations

Austria–Denmark relations are the foreign relations between Austria and Denmark.

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Austria–Germany relations

Relations between Austria and Germany are close, due to their shared history and language, with German being the official language and Germans being the largest ethnic group of both countries.

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Austria–Prussia rivalry

Austria and Prussia had a long-standing conflict and rivalry for supremacy in Central Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, termed Deutscher Dualismus (German dualism) in the German language area.

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Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire (Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1919, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.

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Austrian nationalism

Austrian nationalism is the nationalism that asserts Austrians are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Austrians.

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Austrian Netherlands

The Austrian Netherlands (Oostenrijkse Nederlanden; Pays-Bas Autrichiens; Österreichische Niederlande; Belgium Austriacum) was the larger part of the Southern Netherlands between 1714 and 1797.

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Austrian Partition

The Austrian Partition (zabór austriacki) comprise the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired by the Habsburg Monarchy during the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century.

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Austrian Silesia

Austrian Silesia (Österreichisch-Schlesien (historically also Oesterreichisch-Schlesien, Oesterreichisch Schlesien, österreichisch Schlesien); Rakouské Slezsko; Śląsk Austriacki), officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia (Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien (historically Herzogthum Ober- und Niederschlesien); Vévodství Horní a Dolní Slezsko), was an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Austrian Empire, from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary.

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Austrians

Austrians (Österreicher) are a Germanic nation and ethnic group, native to modern Austria and South Tyrol that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history.

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Austro-Hungarian Navy

The Austro-Hungarian Navy (German: kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, Hungarian: Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet "Imperial and Royal War Navy") was the naval force of Austria-Hungary.

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Austro-Prussian War

The Austro-Prussian War or Seven Weeks' War (also known as the Unification War, the War of 1866, or the Fraternal War, in Germany as the German War, and also by a variety of other names) was a war fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, with each also being aided by various allies within the German Confederation.

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Automaton

An automaton (plural: automata or automatons) is a self-operating machine, or a machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a predetermined sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions.

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Away from Rome!

Away from Rome! (Los-von-Rom-Bewegung) was a religious movement founded in Austria by the Pan-German politician Georg Ritter von Schönerer aimed at conversion of all Roman Catholic German-speaking population of Austria to Lutheran Protestantism, or, in some cases, to the Old Catholic Churches.

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Azriel Hildesheimer

Azriel Hildesheimer (also Esriel and Israel, עזריאל הילדעסהיימער; 11 May 1820 – 12 July 1899) was a German rabbi and leader of Orthodox Judaism.

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Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise

Adolphe Édouard Casimir Joseph Mortier, 1st Duc de Trévise (13 February 1768 – 28 July 1835) was a French general and Marshal of France under Napoleon I. He was one of 18 people killed in 1835 during Giuseppe Marco Fieschi's assassination attempt on King Louis Philippe I.

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Émile Friant

Émile Friant (16 April 1863 – 9 June 1932) was a French artist.

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Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty

Étienne-Marie-Antoine Champion, comte de Nansouty (30 May 1768 – 12 February 1815) was a French cavalry commander during the French Revolutionary Wars who rose to the rank of General of Division in 1803 and subsequently held important military commands during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Ústí nad Labem

Ústí nad Labem, formerly known by its German name Aussig, is the 7th-most populous city of the Czech Republic.

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Łabno

Łabno (Schwansberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łajs

Łajs (Layß) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łaniewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Łaniewo (Launau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łapka

Łapka (Lapkaabfindung) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łasin

Łasin (Lessen) is a town in Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,271 inhabitants (2004).

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Łaziska Górne

Łaziska Górne (German: Ober Lazisk, Silesian: Gůrne Łaziska) is a town in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice.

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Łazy

Łazy is a town in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Łódź

Łódź (לאדזש, Lodzh; also written as Lodz) is the third-largest city in Poland and an industrial hub.

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Łąka, Silesian Voivodeship

Łąka (German Lonkau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pszczyna, within Pszczyna County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Łężany, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Łężany (Loßainen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Reszel, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łęcze

Łęcze (Lenzen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łęgajny

Łęgajny (Lengainen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łęgno, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Łęgno (Lingenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łęknica

Łęknica (Lugknitz; Wjeska) is a border town in western Poland, one of the two gminas of Żary County in Lubusz Voivodeship.

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Łeba

Łeba (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Leba; Leba) is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland.

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Łoźnik

Łoźnik (Lotterfeld) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łowicz

Łowicz is a town in central Poland with 28,811 inhabitants (2016).

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Łowkowice, Kluczbork County

Łowkowice (Lowkowitz, 1936-45: Bienendorf is a village in Kluczbork County in Opole Voivodeship, Poland. It lies approximately north of Kluczbork and north-east of the regional capital Opole.

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Ługwałd

Ługwałd (Hochwalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łupstych, Olsztyn County

Łupstych (Abstich) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gietrzwałd, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Ścinawa

Ścinawa (Steinau an der Oder) is a town and municipality on the Oder river in the Lower Silesian region of Poland.

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Śmigiel

Śmigiel (Schmiegel) is a town in Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 5,420 inhabitants (2004).

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Śródka, Poznań

Śródka is a historic neighbourhood of the city of Poznań in western Poland.

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Środa Śląska

Środa Śląska (Neumarkt in Schlesien) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Świątki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Świątki (Heiligenthal) is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Świękity

Świękity (Schwenkitten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Świętnik

Świętnik (Heiligenfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Święty Marcin

Święty Marcin ("Saint Martin"), in full ulica Święty Marcin ("Saint Martin Street"), is a main central street in the city of Poznań in western Poland.

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Świdnica

Świdnica (Schweidnitz; Svídnice) is a city in southwestern Poland in the region of Silesia.

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Świdwin

Świdwin (Schivelbein; Skwilbëno) is a town in West Pomeranian Voivodeship of northwestern Poland.

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Świebodzin

Świebodzin (Schwiebus) is a town in western Poland with 21,757 inhabitants (2004).

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Świecie

Świecie (Schwetz) is a town in northern Poland with 25,968 inhabitants (2006), situated in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999); it was in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998.

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Świnoujście

Świnoujście (Swinemünde, both names meaning Świna mouth) is a city and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland.

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Šilheřovice

Šilheřovice (Schillersdorf) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Šternberk

---- Šternberk ((Mährisch-)Sternberg) is a town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Żagań

Żagań (French and Sagan, Zahań, Zaháň, Saganum) is a town on the Bóbr river in western Poland, with 26,253 inhabitants (2010).

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Żarki

Żarki (Zarki) is a town in Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,387 inhabitants (2004).

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Żary

Żary (Sorau, Žarow) is a town in western Poland with about 39,900 inhabitants (2006), situated in the Lubusz Voivodeship (since 1999, previously in Zielona Góra Voivodeship (1975–1998)).

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Żegoty

Żegoty (Siegfriedswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Żnin

Żnin (Znin, 1941-45: Dietfurt) is a small town in Poland with a population of 14,181 (June 2014).

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Żory

Not to be confused with the similarly-named town Żary (German: Sorau) in Silesian Voivodeship Żory (Sohrau) is a town and city county in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland with 58,672 inhabitants (2018).

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Żuławka Sztumska

Żuławka Sztumska (German Posilge) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Żuławy Wiślane

Żuławy Wiślane (fens, plural from "żuława") is the alluvial delta area of Vistula, in large part reclaimed artificially by means of dykes, pumps, channels (over 17000 km of total length) and extensive drainage system.

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Żugienie

Żugienie (Sugnienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Żukowo

Żukowo (Żukòwò, Zuckau, Sucovia) is a town in Kartuzy County, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of northern Poland in the cultural region of Kashubia, with 6,236 inhabitants (2005).

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Bałąg

Bałąg (Ballingen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Babidół

Babidół (Ziegelei Babenthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolbudy, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Babimost

Babimost (Bomst) is a small town in Poland in Zielona Gora County, Lubusz Voivodeship.

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Baborów

Baborów (Bauerwitz) is a small town in Poland near Głubczyce, Opole Voivodeship.

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Bad Belzig

Bad Belzig, also known as Belzig, is a historic town in Brandenburg, Germany located about southwest of Berlin.

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Bad Fallingbostel

Bad Fallingbostel is the district town (Kreisstadt) of the Heidekreis district in the German state of Lower Saxony.

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Bad Kreuznach

Bad Kreuznach is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bad Langensalza

Bad Langensalza (until 1956: Langensalza) is a spa town of 17,500 inhabitants in the district of Unstrut-Hainich, Thuringia, Germany.

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Bad Liebenwerda

Bad Liebenwerda is a spa town in the Elbe-Elster district, in southwestern Brandenburg, Germany.

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Bad Muskau

Bad Muskau (formerly Muskau, Mužakow, Mużaków) is a spa town in the historic Upper Lusatia region in Germany at the border with Poland.

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Bad Soden-Salmünster

Bad Soden-Salmünster is a town in the Main-Kinzig district, in Hesse, Germany.

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Baden Revolution

The Baden Revolution (Badische Revolution) of 1848/1849 was a regional uprising in the Grand Duchy of Baden which was part of the revolutionary unrest that gripped almost all of Central Europe at that time.

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Baden-Baden

Baden-Baden is a spa town located in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany.

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Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament

The 1870 chess tournament in Baden-Baden can be regarded as the first strong tournament.

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Bait and bleed

Bait and bleed is a military strategy described by international relations theorist John J. Mearsheimer in his book on offensive realism, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics.

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Bakałarzewo

Bakałarzewo, is a village in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

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Baladine Klossowska

Baladine Klossowska or Kłossowska (born in 1886 as Elisabeth Dorothea Spiro, died in 1969) was a European painter.

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Baldur von Schirach

Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 – 8 August 1974) was a Nazi German politician who is best known for his role as the German Nazi Party's national youth leader and head of the Hitler Youth from 1931 to 1940.

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Balga

Balga (замок Бальга; Burg Balga; Balga; Bałga) was a medieval castle of the Teutonic Knights in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Baltic football championship

The Baltic football championship (German: Baltische Fußball Meisterschaft) was the highest association football competition in the Prussian provinces of East Prussia, Pomerania and West Prussia.

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Baltic Germans

The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.

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Balve

Balve is a town in the Märkischer Kreis district, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Bambrzy

Bambrzy (Poznańskie Bambry, German: Posener Bamberger) are Poles who are partly descended from Germans who moved from the area of Bamberg (Upper Franconia, Germany) to villages surrounding Poznań, Poland.

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Baranówka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Baranówka (Schafsberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Barbara Campanini

Barbara Campanini, known as La Barbarina, (7 June 1721 - 7 June 1799) was a famous Italian ballerina, one of the most important ballet dancers of the 18th century.

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Barczewko

Barczewko (Altwartenburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Barczewo

Barczewo (Wartenburg in Ostpreußen) is a town in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Barczewski Dwór

Barczewski Dwór (Klein Wartenburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bardo, Poland

Bardo (Wartha) is a town in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Barlinek

Barlinek (Berlinchen) is a small town in Myślibórz County, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland.

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Baron Aschwin of Sierstorpff-Cramm

Baron Aschwin of Sierstorpff-Cramm (Freiherr Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm; 29 March 184614 October 1909) was the maternal grandfather of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.

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Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen

Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen (Johann Philipp Freiherr von Wessenberg-Ampringen; 28 November 1773 – 1 August 1858, Freiburg im Breisgau) was an Austrian diplomat statesman.

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Baron of Berenberg-Gossler

Baron of Berenberg-Gossler (Freiherr von Berenberg-Gossler) is a title in the German nobility, specifically the nobility of the Kingdom of Prussia, created in 1910 for banker Johann von Berenberg-Gossler of the Hamburg Hanseatic Berenberg-Gossler family.

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Baroness Hedwig of Sierstorpff-Driburg

Baroness Hedwig of Sierstorpff-Driburg (Freiin Sophia Bernardina Luise Friederika Hedwig von Sierstorpf-Driburg; 22 November 184810 January 1900) was the maternal grandmother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.

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Barossa Valley

The Barossa Valley is a valley in South Australia located northeast of Adelaide city centre.

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Barracks Complex in Września

The Barracks Complex in Września - the old prussian barracks, built in the early twentieth century (1902–1910), at the current Kosciuszko Street (old de. Kaiser-Wilhelm-strasse).

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Bartąg

Bartąg (Bertung) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bartodzieje Małe

Bartodzieje Małe (German: Klein Bartelsee, occasionally Klein Bartelsen) - was a large village located on the south bank of the River Brda in what is now Bydgoszcz County, Poland.

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Bartoszyce

Bartoszyce (German: Bartenstein; Barštynas) is a town on the Łyna River in northeastern Poland with 25,621 inhabitants.

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Battle of Altenburg

At Battle of Altenberg (28 September 1813) a combined Sixth Coalition cavalry force of Germans, Austrians and Russian Cossacks under the command on General Johann Thielmann defeated a French detachment under the command of General Charles Lefebvre-Desnouettes at Altenberg (near Pirna), and took over 1,000 prisoners.

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Battle of Amiens (1870)

The Battle of Amiens or Battle of Villers-Bretonneux was fought on 27 November 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in a Prussian victory.

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Battle of Arnhem (1813)

The Battle of Arnhem (30 November 1813) saw Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow's Prussian corps fight an Imperial French division under Henri François Marie Charpentier at Arnhem.

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Battle of Austerlitz

The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Évora (1808)

The Battle of Évora (29 July 1808) saw an Imperial French division under Louis Henri Loison attack a combined Portuguese-Spanish force led by Francisco de Paula Leite de Sousa.

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Battle of Bapaume (1871)

The Battle of Bapaume was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War which defeated French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Péronne, Somme.

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Battle of Bautzen

In the Battle of Bautzen (20–21 May 1813) a combined Russian–Prussian army was pushed back by Napoleon I of France but escaped destruction, some sources claiming that Michel Ney failed to block their retreat.

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Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande

The Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande on 28 November 1870 was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War, won by Prussia.

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Battle of Bellevue

The Battle of Bellevue on 7 October 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.

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Battle of Blenheim

The Battle of Blenheim (German:Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French Bataille de Höchstädt), fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Battle of Blumenau

The Battle of Blumenau was the last battle fought in the Austro-Prussian War, on 22 July 1866 (on the day of the conclusion of peace), with the Austrians defending against the Prussian army.

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Battle of Bov

The Battle of Bov (German: Bau) was a battle between troops fighting for Schleswig-Holstein, and those for Denmark, which happened on April 9, 1848 in the area of Flensborg in Denmark, during the First Schleswig War.

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Battle of Breslau (1757)

The Battle of Breslau (also known as the Battle on the Lohe) was a battle fought on 22 November 1757 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Brienne

The Battle of Brienne (29 January 1814) saw an Imperial French army led by Emperor Napoleon I attack Prussian and Russian forces commanded by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.

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Battle of Burkersdorf

The Battle of Burkersdorf was a battle fought on 21 July 1762 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Burkersdorf (1866)

The Battle of Burkersdorf was fought on June 28, 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War.

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Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)

The Battle of Château-Thierry occurred on 12 February 1814 between the vanguard of the Army of Silesia (a Russian–Prussian army) under Marshal von Blücher and a French army under Emperor Napoleon I. It was a French victory.

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Battle of Châtillon

The Battle of Châtillon was the third sortie by French forces attempting to relieve the siege of Paris by the Prussian-led German armies.

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Battle of Chevilly

The Battle of Chevilly was fought during the siege of Paris.

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Battle of Courtrai (1814)

The Battle of Courtrai (31 March 1814) saw Johann von Thielmann's Kingdom of Saxony troops and a few Prussians encounter an Imperial French force under Nicolas Joseph Maison near Kortrijk (Courtrai), a city south-west of Ghent in what is now Belgium.

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Battle of Craonne

The Battle of Craonne (7 March 1814) was battle between an Imperial French army under Emperor Napoleon I opposing a combined army of Imperial Russians and Prussians led by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.

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Battle of Czarnowo

The Battle of Czarnowo on the night of 23–24 December 1806 saw troops of the First French Empire under the eye of Emperor Napoleon I launch an evening assault crossing of the Wkra River against Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy's defending Russian Empire forces.

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Battle of Dürenstein

The Battle of Dürenstein (Schlacht bei Dürnstein; also known as Dürrenstein, Dürnstein and Diernstein), on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition.

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Battle of Dennewitz

The Battle of Dennewitz (Schlacht von Dennewitz) took place on 6September 1813 between the forces of the First French Empire and an army of Prussians and Russians of the Sixth Coalition.

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Battle of Domstadtl

The Battle of Domstadtl, also spelled Domstadt, Czech Domašov, was a battle between Habsburg Monarchy and Kingdom of Prussia at a Moravian village Domašov nad Bystřicí during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War) on 30 June 1758, preceded by a minor clash at Guntramovice (Gundersdorf) on 28 June.

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Battle of Dresden

The Battle of Dresden (26–27 August 1813) was a major engagement of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Dybbøl

The Battle of Dybbøl (Slaget ved Dybbøl; Erstürmung der Düppeler Schanzen) was the key battle of the Second Schleswig War, fought between Denmark and Prussia.

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Battle of Emmendingen

At the Battle of Emmendingen, on 19 October 1796, the French Army of Rhin-et-Moselle under Jean Victor Marie Moreau fought the First Coalition Army of the Upper Rhine commanded by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.

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Battle of Eylau

The Battle of Eylau or Battle of Preussisch-Eylau, 7 and 8 February 1807, was a bloody and inconclusive battle between Napoleon's Grande Armée and the Imperial Russian Army under the command of Levin August, Count von Bennigsen near the town of Preussisch Eylau in East Prussia.

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Battle of Fère-Champenoise

The Battle of Fère-Champenoise (25 March 1814) was fought between two Imperial French corps led by Marshals Auguste de Marmont and Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise and a larger Coalition force composed of cavalry from the Austrian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Württemberg, and Russian Empire.

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Battle of Freiberg

The Battle of Freiberg was fought on 29 October 1762 and was the last great battle of the Third Silesian War (and of the wider Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Friedberg (Hessen)

The Battle of Friedberg, also called the Battle of Limburg, took place on 10 November 1793 between the French and the Prussian troops, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Friedland

The Battle of Friedland (June 14, 1807) was a major engagement of the Napoleonic Wars between the armies of the French Empire commanded by Napoleon I and the armies of the Russian Empire led by Count von Bennigsen.

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Battle of Günzburg

The Battle of Günzburg on 9 October 1805 saw General of Division Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher's French division attempt to seize a crossing over the Danube River at Günzburg in the face of a Habsburg Austrian army led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Mack von Lieberich.

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Battle of Güstow

The Battle of Güstow, also known as the Battle of Tornow, was a battle during the Pomeranian War in the Seven Years' War fought between Prussia and Sweden near the village Güstow in Germany on 18 November 1758.

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Battle of Gitschin

The Battle of Gitschin or Jičín (Schlacht bei Gitschin) was a battle of the Austro-Prussian War on 29 June 1866, ending with a Prussian victory over the Austrian forces.

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Battle of Golymin

The Battle of Golymin took place on 26 December 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars at Gołymin, Poland, between around 17,000 Russian soldiers with 28 guns under Prince Golitsyn and 38,000 French soldiers under Marshal Murat.

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Battle of Großbeeren

In the Battles of Großbeeren and neighboring Blankenfelde and Sputendorf (23 August 1813) an allied Prussian-Swedish army under Crown Prince Charles John – formerly Marshal of France Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte – defeated the French under Marshal Oudinot.

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Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf

The Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf (30 August 1757) was a victory for the Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin over a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War.

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Battle of Gué-à-Tresmes

The Battle of Gué-à-Tresmes (28 February–1 March 1814) was fought between 14,500 French troops led by Marshals Auguste de Marmont and Édouard Mortier and 12,000 Prussians commanded by Friedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf and Friedrich von Katzler.

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Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen

In the Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen on 5 and 6 June 1807, troops of the Russian Empire led by General Levin August, Count von Bennigsen attacked the First French Empire corps of Marshal Michel Ney.

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Battle of Haguenau (1793)

The Battle of Haguenau (18 November – 22 December 1793) saw a Republican French army commanded by Jean-Charles Pichegru mount a persistent offensive against a Coalition army under Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser during the War of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Halle

In the Battle of Halle on 17 October 1806 a French corps led by Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte fought the Prussian Reserve under Eugene Frederick Henry, Duke of Württemberg.

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Battle of Handschuhsheim

The Battle of Handschuhsheim or Battle of Heidelberg (24 September 1795) saw an 8,000-man force from Habsburg Austria under Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich face 12,000 men from the Republican French army led by Georges Joseph Dufour.

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Battle of Hastenbeck

The Battle of Hastenbeck (26 July 1757) was fought as part of the Invasion of Hanover during the Seven Years' War between the allied forces of Hanover, Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Brunswick, and the French.

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Battle of Haynau

The Battle of Haynau was fought on 26 May 1813, between Prussian cavalry under the command of General Blücher and a French infantry division under the command of General Maison.

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Battle of Heilsberg

The Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Hennersdorf

The Battle of Hennersdorf, sometimes referred to as Catholic-Hennersdorf, was a minor encounter that took place on November 23, 1745 in Katholisch-Hennersdorf in Silesia (Prussia, present-day Poland) during the Second Silesian War (part of the War of the Austrian Succession).

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Battle of Hochkirch

The Battle of Hochkirch took place on 14 October 1758 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Hoogstraten

The Battle of Hoogstraten was fought on 11 January 1814 between a French army, led by François Roguet, and a Russo-Prussian-British army, led by Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow.

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Battle of Hoyerswerda

The Battle of Hoyerswerda was a minor encounter of September 9, 1759 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War) between Prussian and Austrian forces.

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Battle of Issy

The Battle of Issy was fought on 2 and 3 July 1815 in and around the village of Issy, a short distance south west of Paris.

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Battle of Jena–Auerstedt

The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older name: Auerstädt) were fought on 14 October 1806 on the plateau west of the River Saale in today's Germany, between the forces of Napoleon I of France and Frederick William III of Prussia.

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Battle of Jutland

The Battle of Jutland (Skagerrakschlacht, the Battle of Skagerrak) was a naval battle fought by the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet under Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, against the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet under Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer during the First World War.

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Battle of Jutphaas

The Battle of Jutphaas, also known as the Battle of the Vaart or the Battle of Vreeswijk, occurred on 9 May 1787 on the banks of the Vaartsche Rijn canal near Jutphaas and Vreeswijk between Orangists and Patriots.

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Battle of Kaiserslautern

The Battle of Kaiserslautern (28–30 November 1793) saw a Coalition army under Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel oppose a Republican French army led by Lazare Hoche.

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Battle of Kaiserslautern (1794)

The Battle of Kaiserslautern (23 May 1794) saw an army from the Kingdom of Prussia and Electoral Saxony led by Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf fall upon a single French Republican division under Jean-Jacques Ambert from the Army of the Moselle.

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Battle of Kay

The Battle of Kay (Schlacht bei Kay), also referred to as the Battle of Sulechów, Battle of Züllichau, or Battle of Paltzig, was an engagement fought on 23 July 1759 during the Seven Years' War.

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Battle of Königgrätz

The Battle of Königgrätz (Schlacht bei Königgrätz), also known as the Battle of Sadowa, Sadová, or Hradec Králové, was the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War, in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire.

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Battle of Kehl (1796)

During the Battle of Kehl (23–24 June 1796), a Republican French force under the direction of Jean Charles Abbatucci mounted an amphibious crossing of the Rhine River against a defending force of soldiers from the Swabian Circle.

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Battle of Kesselsdorf

The Battle of Kesselsdorf was fought on 15 December 1745, between the Kingdom of Prussia and the combined forces of the Archduchy of Austria and the Electorate of Saxony during the part of the War of the Austrian Succession known as the Second Silesian War.

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Battle of Kissingen

The Battle of Kissingen was a battle between Bavarian and Prussian troops on 10 July 1866 during the Austrian-Prussian War in and around the town Kissingen (today: Bad Kissingen) in Bavaria.

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Battle of Kolín

The Battle of Kolín on 18 June 1757 saw 44,000 Austrians under Count von Daun defeat 32,000 Prussians under Frederick the Great during the Third Silesian War (Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Koroncó

The Battle of Koroncó took place on 13 June 1704 at Koroncó in Moson County, Hungary between the Kurucs (Hungarians) and the army of Habsburg Empire (Germans, Danes, Serbs, Croats).

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Battle of Kraśnik

The Battle of Kraśnik started on August 23, 1914 in the province of Galicia and the adjacent areas across the border in the Russian Empire, in northern Austria (in present-day Poland), and ended two days later.

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Battle of Krefeld

The Battle of Krefeld (sometimes referred to by its French name of Créfeld) was a battle fought on 23 June 1758 between a Prussian-Hanoverian army and a French army during the Seven Years' War.

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Battle of Kulm

The Battle of Kulm was a battle near the town Kulm (Chlumec) and the village Přestanov in northern Bohemia.

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Battle of Kunersdorf

The decisive Battle of Kunersdorf occurred on 12 August 1759 near Kunersdorf (Kunowice), immediately east of Frankfurt an der Oder (the second largest city in Prussia).

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Battle of La Rothière

The Battle of La Rothière was fought on 1 February 1814 between the French Empire and allied army of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and German States previously allies with France.

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Battle of Landeshut (1760)

The Battle of Landeshut was an engagement fought on 23 June 1760 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Langensalza (1866)

The Battle of Langensalza was fought on 27 June 1866 near Bad Langensalza in what is now modern Germany, between the Kingdom of Hanover (Hanoverians) and the Prussians.

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Battle of Laon

The Battle of Laon (9–10 March 1814) was the victory of Blücher's Prussian army over Napoleon's French army near Laon.

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Battle of Lübeck

The Battle of Lübeck took place on 6 November 1806 in Lübeck, Germany between soldiers of the Kingdom of Prussia led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, who were retreating from defeat at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, and troops of the First French Empire under Marshals Murat, Bernadotte, and Soult, who were pursuing them.

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Battle of Lützen (1813)

In the Battle of Lützen (German: Schlacht von Großgörschen, May 2, 1813), Napoleon I of France halted the advances of the Sixth Coalition after the French invasion of Russia and the massive French losses in the campaign.

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Battle of Leipzig

The Battle of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations (Битва народов, Bitva narodov; Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig; Bataille des Nations, Slaget vid Leipzig) was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813, at Leipzig, Saxony.

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Battle of Leuthen

The Battle of Leuthen was fought on 5 December 1757, at which Frederick the Great's Prussian army used maneuver and terrain to decisively defeat a much larger Austrian force commanded by Prince Charles of Lorraine and Count Leopold Joseph von Daun.

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Battle of Liegnitz (1760)

The Battle of Liegnitz on 15 August 1760 saw Frederick the Great's Prussian Army defeat the Austrian army under Ernst von Laudon during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Ligny

The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Battle of Limburg (1792)

The Battle of Limburg was a battle of the War of the First Coalition, itself part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Lobositz

The Battle of Lobositz or Lovosice also Lowositz on 1 October 1756 was the opening land battle of the Third Silesian War and the wider Seven Years' War.

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Battle of Luckau

The Battle of Luckau was fought at Luckau in Brandenburg on 6 June 1813 during the War of the Sixth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Malplaquet

The Battle of Malplaquet was a battle of the War of the Spanish Succession, fought on 11 September 1709, which opposed the Bourbons of France and Spain against an alliance whose major members were the Habsburg Monarchy, the United Provinces, Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Battle of Maxen

The Battle of Maxen (20 November 1759) was a battle at Maxen, Saxony in present-day Germany during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Münchengrätz

The Battle of Münchengrätz (Schlacht bei Münchengrätz) or Battle of Mnichovo Hradiště (Bitva u Mnichova Hradiště) was fought near Mnichovo Hradiště, modern day Czech Republic, on 28 June 1866 during the Austro-Prussian War.

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Battle of Meissen

The Battle of Meissen (4 December 1759) was an Austrian victory over a larger Prussian army during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Mesoten

The Battle of Mesothen took place on September 29, 1812, between the Russian Corps of Finland and the French-allied Prussian Auxiliary Corps.

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Battle of Miłosław

The Battle of Miloslaw, which was the largest battle of the Greater Poland Uprising (1848), took place on April 30, 1848, near the town of Miloslaw, which at that time belonged to the Grand Duchy of Posen, Kingdom of Prussia.

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Battle of Middleburg

The Battle of Middleburg took place from June 17 to June 19, 1863, in Loudoun County, Virginia, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War.

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Battle of Minden

The Battle of Minden—or Tho(r)nhausen—was a decisive engagement during the Seven Years' War, fought on 1 August 1759.

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Battle of Mohrungen

In the Battle of Mohrungen on 25 January 1807, most of a First French Empire corps under the leadership of Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte fought a strong Russian Empire advance guard led by Major General Yevgeni Ivanovich Markov.

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Battle of Mollwitz

The Battle of Mollwitz was fought by Prussia and Austria on 10 April 1741, during the First Silesian War (in the early stages of the War of the Austrian Succession).

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Battle of Montmirail

The Battle of Montmirail (11 February 1814) was fought between a French force led by Emperor Napoleon and two Allied corps commanded by Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken and Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg.

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Battle of Moys

The Battle of Moys was a battle fought on 7 September 1757 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Noisseville

The Battle of Noisseville on 31 August 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.

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Battle of Ostrołęka (1807)

The Battle of Ostrołęka was fought on 16 February 1807 between a First French Empire force under General of Division Anne Jean Marie René Savary and a Russian force under Lieutenant General Ivan Essen.

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Battle of Paris (1814)

The Battle of Paris was fought on March 30–31, 1814 between the Sixth Coalition—consisting of Russia, Austria, and Prussia against the French Empire.

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Battle of Pirmasens

The Battle of Pirmasens (14 September 1793) saw a French Republican corps led by Jean René Moreaux attack a Kingdom of Prussia force led by Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

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Battle of Poznań (1945)

The Battle of Poznań (Battle of Posen) during World War II in 1945 was a massive assault by the Soviet Union's Red Army that had as its objective the elimination of the Nazi German garrison in the stronghold city of Poznań in occupied Poland.

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Battle of Prague (1757)

In the Battle of Prague or Battle of Štěrboholy, fought on 6 May 1757 during the Third Silesian War (Seven Years' War), Frederick the Great's 67,000 Prussians forced 60,000 Austrians to retreat, but having lost 14,300 men, decided he was not strong enough to attack Prague.

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Battle of Prenzlau

In the Battle of Prenzlau or Capitulation of Prenzlau on 28 October 1806 two divisions of French cavalry and some infantry led by Marshal Joachim Murat intercepted a retreating Prussian corps led by Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.

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Battle of Pułtusk

The Battle of Pułtusk took place on 26 December 1806 during the War of the Fourth Coalition near Pułtusk, Poland.

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Battle of Pyzdry (1863)

The Battle of Pyzdry, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on April 29, 1863, near the town of Pyzdry, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Raismes (1793)

The Battle of Raismes (also known as the Battle of Condé or St. Amand) took place on 8 May 1793, during the Flanders Campaign of the Wars of the French Revolution, between the French Republican army of the Marquis de Dampierre and the Allied Coalition army of the Prince of Saxe-Coburg, and resulted in an Allied Victory.

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Battle of Rajgród (1794)

The Battle of Rajgród Bitwa pod Rajgrodem was a battle of Kościuszko Uprising between Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth rebel army and the Kingdom of Prussia which took place in Rajgród on 1794 July 10.

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Battle of Rastatt (1796)

The Battle of Rastatt (5 July 1796) saw part of a Republican French army under Jean Victor Marie Moreau clash with elements of a Habsburg Austrian army under Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour which were defending the line of the Murg River.

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Battle of Reichenberg

The Battle of Reichenberg was a battle of the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War), fought on 21 April 1757 near the town of Reichenberg (Czech: Liberec) in Bohemia.

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Battle of Reims (1814)

The Battle of Reims (12–13 March 1814) was fought at Reims, France between an Imperial French army commanded by Emperor Napoleon and a combined Russian-Prussian corps led by General Emmanuel de Saint-Priest.

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Battle of Rocquencourt

The Battle of Rocquencourt was a cavalry skirmish fought on 1 July 1815 in and around the villages of Rocquencourt and Le Chesnay.

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Battle of Rossbach

The Battle of Rossbach took place on 5 November 1757 during the Third Silesian War (1756–1763, part of the Seven Years' War) near the village of Rossbach (Roßbach), in the Electorate of Saxony.

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Battle of Schleiz

The Battle of Schleiz took place on October 9, 1806 in Schleiz, Germany between a Prussian-Saxon division under Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien and a part of Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte's I Corps under the command of Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon.

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Battle of Sehested

The Battle of Sehested was fought between Danish and Russian-Prussian-British troops at Sehested (in Holstein) on 10 December 1813 during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

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Battle of Skalitz

Battle of Skalitz was a minor engagement in the Königgratz/Sadowa campaign of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 in Bohemia on June 28.

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Battle of Sosnowiec

The Battle of Sosnowiec was one of battles of the January Uprising.

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Battle of Spicheren

The Battle of Spicheren, also known as the Battle of Forbach, was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War.

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Battle of Stresow

The successful Landing on Groß Stresow by Prussian, Danish and Saxon troops took place on 15 November 1715 on the island of Rügen, Germany during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Szczekociny

The Battle of Szczekociny was fought on 6 June 1794 near the town of Szczekociny, Lesser Poland, between Poland and the combined forces of the Russian Empire and Kingdom of Prussia.

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Battle of Tauberbischofsheim

The Battle of Tauberbischofsheim was an engagement of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, on 24 July at Tauberbischofsheim in the Grand Duchy of Baden between troops of the German Confederation and the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Battle of the Ardennes

The Battle of the Ardennes was a battle of the First World War fought on the frontiers of France, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg from 21 to 23 August 1914.

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Battle of the Katzbach

The Battle of the Katzbach on 26 August 1813, was a major battle of the Napoleonic Wars between the forces of the First French Empire under Marshal MacDonald and a Russo-Prussian army of the Sixth Coalition under Prussian Marshal Graf (Count) von Blücher.

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Battle of Torgau

In the Battle of Torgau on 3 November 1760, King Frederick the Great's Prussian army fought a larger Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Leopold Josef Graf Daun.

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Battle of Tornow

The Battle of Tornow was fought between the forces of Prussia and Sweden on 26 September 1758 during the Seven Years' War, near modern-day Fürstenberg/Havel (then called Tornow, in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz).

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Battle of Trautenau

The Battle of Trautenau (Schlacht bei Trautenau) or Battle of Trutnov was fought on 27 June 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War.

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Battle of Valmy

The Battle of Valmy was the first major victory by the army of France during the Revolutionary Wars that followed the French Revolution.

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Battle of Vauchamps

The Battle of Vauchamps (14 February 1814) was the final major engagement of the Six Days Campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition.

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Battle of Verdun (1792)

The first Battle of Verdun was fought on 20 August 1792 between French Revolutionary forces and a Prussian army during the opening months of the War of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Villersexel

The Battle of Villersexel took place on 9 January 1871 as part of the Franco-Prussian War.

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Battle of Villinghausen

The Battle of Villinghausen (or Vellinghausen) was a battle in the Seven Years' War fought on the 15th and 16 July 1761, between a large French army and a combined Prussian-Hanoverian-British force led by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick.

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Battle of Vimy Ridge

The Battle of Vimy Ridge was part of the Battle of Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, during the First World War.

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Battle of Waren-Nossentin

The Battle of Waren-Nossentin on 1 November 1806 saw soldiers of the Kingdom of Prussia led by August Wilhelm von Pletz and Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg fight a rear guard action against troops of the First French Empire commanded by Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte.

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Battle of Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815, near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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Battle of Wavre

The Battle of Wavre was the final major military action of the Hundred Days campaign and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Wissembourg (1870)

The Battle of Wissembourg or Battle of Weissenburg, the first of the Franco-Prussian War, was joined when three German army corps surprised the small French garrison at Wissembourg on 4 August 1870.

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Battle of Zorndorf

The Battle of Zorndorf, fought on August 25, 1758 during the Seven Years' War, was fought between Russian troops commanded by Count William Fermor and a Prussian army commanded by King Frederick the Great. The battle was tactically inconclusive, with both armies holding their ground and claiming victory.Franz A.J. Szabo. The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. 2013. P. 167 The site of the battle was the Prussian village of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland).

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Battles of the Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War, 1754–1763, spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.

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Bauakademie

The Bauakademie (Building Academy) in Berlin, Germany, was a higher education school for art of building to train master builders.

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Bavaria

Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.

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Béarn

Béarn (Gascon: Bearn or Biarn; Bearno or Biarno) is one of the traditional provinces of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France.

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Bílá Voda

Bílá Voda (Weißwasser/Märkirsch Weißwasser, Biała Woda, all meaning "white water") is a village and municipality (obec) in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Böddenstedt

Böddenstedt is a village in the municipality of Suderburg in the collective municipality of Suderburg and lies in southwest of the district of Uelzen in the German state of Lower Saxony.

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Börde Railway

The Börde Railway (Bördebahn) is a single track (formerly double track), non-electrified branch line in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, running from Duren via Zülpich to Euskirchen.

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Büllingen

Büllingen (Bullange) is a largely German-speaking municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège.

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Bülowstraße (Berlin U-Bahn)

Bülowstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the in the Schöneberg district.

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Będzieszyn, Gdańsk County

Będzieszyn (Bangschin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pruszcz Gdański, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Będzin

Będzin (also Bendzin; Bendzin, בענדין Bendin) is a city in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie, southern Poland.

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Bęsia

Bęsia (Bansen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Błudowo

Błudowo (German Bludau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Młynary, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Beaumaris, Ontario

Beaumaris is a small settlement in Ontario, Canada, on Lake Muskoka which once served as an important transit point during the steamship era on the lake, and once hosted a summer hotel, called the Beaumaris Hotel.

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Bebelplatz

The Bebelplatz (formerly colloquially Opernplatz) is a public square in the central Mitte district of Berlin, the capital of Germany.

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Beelitz

Beelitz is a historic town in Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Belgian Revolution

The Belgian Revolution (Belgische Revolution) was the conflict which led to the secession of the southern provinces (mainly the former Southern Netherlands) from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium.

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Ben Mendelsohn

Paul Benjamin "Ben" Mendelsohn (born 3 April 1969) is an Australian actor, who first rose to prominence in Australia for his role in The Year My Voice Broke (1987) and internationally for his role in the crime drama Animal Kingdom (2010).

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Benedict Zuckermann

Benedict Zuckermann (9 October 1818 – 17 December 1891) was a Jewish scientist in the Diaspora.

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Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat)

Benjamin Bathurst (18 March 1784 – 1809?) was a British diplomatic envoy who disappeared in Germany during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach

Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach (1808 – September 30, 1872) was a German rabbi and one of the most prominent leaders of modern Orthodox Judaism.

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Benjamin Wegner

Jacob Benjamin Wegner (21 February 1795 – 9 June 1864) was a Norwegian industrialist, estate owner and timber merchant.

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Benjamin Wolf Löw

Benjamin Wolf Löw (1775 – March 6, 1851) was a Polish–Hungarian rabbi.

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Berenberg Bank

Joh.

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Berenberg family

The Berenberg family (Dutch for "bear mountain") was a Flemish-origined Hanseatic family of merchants, bankers and senators in Hamburg, with branches in London, Livorno and other European cities.

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Bergen, Lower Saxony

Bergen is a town in the north of Celle district on the Lüneburg Heath, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe

Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe is a landscape park in Kassel, Germany.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Berlin Cathedral

Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom) is the short name for the Evangelical Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church (Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin) in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlin Enlightenment

In 1740 Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great, came to power in the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Berlin Messe Nord/ICC station

Messe Nord/ICC (Witzleben) is a station in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin.

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Berlin Musical Instrument Museum

The Berlin Musical Instrument Museum (Musikinstrumenten-Museum Berlin) is located at the Kulturforum on Tiergartenstraße in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlin Ostbahnhof

Berlin Ostbahnhof (German for Berlin East railway station) is a main line railway station in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlin–Hamburg Railway

The Berlin–Hamburg Railway (Berlin-Hamburger Bahn) is a roughly long railway line for passenger, long-distance and goods trains. It was the first high-speed line upgraded in Germany to be capable of handling train speeds of over (up to 230 km/h). This line also has the fastest journey times between two German cities with average speeds of around 190 km/h. The line built by the Berlin-Hamburg Railway Company, work starting on 6 May 1844, and was taken into service on 15 December 1846. It was then the longest trunk route in the German states, and ran from Berlin's Hamburg station (from October 1884 from Lehrte station), via Spandau, Neustadt (Dosse), Wittenberge, Ludwigslust, Büchen and along the already existing route of the Hamburg-Bergedorf Railway to the Berlin station in Hamburg.

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Berlinka (art collection)

The Berlinka ('Berliner'), also Pruski skarb ('Prussian Treasure'), is the Polish name for a collection of German original manuscripts originally kept at the Prussian State Library in Berlin, which since the end of World War II are held by the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków.

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Bernard Łubieński

Bernard Alojzy Łubieński, ('''Bernard Aloysius Lubienski'''.) C.Ss.R., (9 December 1846 – 10 September 1933) was a Polish Redemptorist priest, missionary and writer, closely associated with Bishop Robert Coffin and with the Roman Catholic Church in England, where he spent his youth and early career.

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Bernardyńska Street in Bydgoszcz

Bernardyńska street is an historic axis of Bydgoszcz Old Town.

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Bernhard Fernow

Bernhard Eduard Fernow (January 7, 1851 – February 6, 1923) was the third chief of the USDA's Division of Forestry of the United States from 1886 to 1898, preceding Gifford Pinchot in that position, and laying much of the groundwork for the establishment of the United States Forest Service in 1905.

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Bernhard Lichtenberg

The Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg (3 December 1875 – 5 November 1943) was a German Roman Catholic priest and theologian, who died while in the custody of forces of the Third Reich.

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Bernhard Rode

Bernhard Rode (25 July 1725 28 June 1797) was a Prussian artist and engraver well known for portraying historical scenes and allegorical works.

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Berthold Suhle

Berthold Suhle (1 January 1837, Stolp, Province of Pomerania, now Poland – 26 January 1904, Germany) was a German chess master.

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Bessarabia Germans

The Bessarabia Germans (Bessarabiendeutsche, Germani basarabeni, Бессарабські німці) were an ethnic group who lived in Bessarabia (today part of the Republic of Moldova and south-western Ukraine) between 1814 and 1940.

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Bethany, South Australia

Bethany (postcode 5352) is a small village about 2 km south-east of Tanunda in the Barossa Valley.

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Bethel Henry Strousberg

Bethel Henry Strousberg (20 November 1823 – 31 May 1884) was a German Jewish industrialist and railway entrepreneur during Germany's rapid industrial expansion in the 19th century.

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Bezirk Bialystok

Bezirk Bialystok (German for District or Region of Białystok, also Belostok) was an administrative unit of Nazi Germany created during the World War II invasion of the Soviet Union.

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BFC Preussen

BFC Preussen is a German football club from Berlin.

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Biała Piska

Biała Piska (Bialla, 1938-45: Gehlenburg, 1334: Gailen) is a town in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,036 inhabitants (2004).

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Białczyn

Białczyn (Lilienthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Białogard

Białogard (Belgard; Kashubian/Pomeranian: Biôłogard) is a town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland with 24,399 inhabitants (2004).

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Białystok

Białystok (Bielastok, Balstogė, Belostok, Byalistok) is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

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Białystok Department

The Białystok Department (German: Kammerdepartement Bialystok, Polish:Departament białostocki) was part of the New East Prussia Province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1807.

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Bińcze

Bińcze (Bärenwalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarne, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Biebergemünd

Biebergemünd is a municipality in the Main-Kinzig district, in Hesse, Germany.

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Biedkowo

Biedkowo (Betkendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Biegonity

Biegonity (Begnitten) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bielefeld

Bielefeld is a city in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Region in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Bielsk Podlaski

Bielsk Podlaski (Бельск Падляскі, Більськ) is an Urban Gmina (Polish: gmina miejska) (Town) in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship.

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Bielsko-Biała

Bielsko-Biała (Bílsko-Bělá; Bielitz-Biala) is a city in Southern Poland with the population of approximately 174,000 (December 2013).

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Bieniewo

Bieniewo (Benern) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Biernatka

Biernatka (Bärenhütte) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarne, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bieruń

Bieruń (Berun) is a town in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland, about south of Katowice.

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Biesowo

Biesowo (Groß Bössau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bill Drews

Wilhelm Arnold Drews, known as Bill Drews (11 February 1870 – 17 February 1938), was a German lawyer and administrator.

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Bingen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof

Bingen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof is a railway station in the German city of Bingen am Rhein on the West Rhine Railway.

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Bischoffen

Bischoffen is a community in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis in Hesse, Germany.

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Bishopric of Hildesheim

The Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim (Hochstift Hildesheim) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the Middle Ages until 1803.

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Bishopric of Merseburg

The Bishopric of Merseburg was an episcopal see on the eastern border of the medieval Duchy of Saxony with its centre in Merseburg, where Merseburg Cathedral was constructed.

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Biskupiec

Biskupiec (Bischofsburg) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland.

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Bismarck Memorial

The Bismarck Memorial (Bismarck-Nationaldenkmal) in the Tiergarten in Berlin, is a prominent memorial statue dedicated to Prince Otto von Bismarck, Minister President of the Kingdom of Prussia and the first Chancellor of the German Empire.

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Bitburg

Bitburg (Bitbourg; Béibreg) is a city in Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate approximately 25 km (16 mi.) northwest of Trier and 50 km (31 mi.) northeast of Luxembourg city.

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Bitterfeld

Bitterfeld is a town in the district Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Black Brunswickers

The Brunswick Ducal Corps (Herzoglich Braunschweigisches Korps), commonly known as the Black Brunswickers in English and the Schwarze Schar (Black Troop, Black Horde, or Black Host) or Schwarze Legion (Black Legion) in German, were a military unit in the Napoleonic Wars.

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Black Powder War

Black Powder War is the third novel in the Temeraire alternate history/fantasy series by American author Naomi Novik.

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Blankenhain

Blankenhain is a town in the Weimarer Land district, in Thuringia, Germany.

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Bledzew

Bledzew (Blesen) is a village in Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.

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Bliedersdorf

Bliedersdorf (in High German, in Low Saxon: Bliersdörp) is a municipality in the district of Stade, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Blockade of Stralsund

The Blockade of Stralsund occurred during the Seven Years' War when a Prussian force invested the Swedish garrison of Stralsund, the capital of Swedish Pomerania.

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Blood of Tyrants

Blood of Tyrants is the eighth novel in the Temeraire alternate history/fantasy series by American author Naomi Novik.

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Bloody Sunday (1939)

Bloody Sunday (Bromberger Blutsonntag; Krwawa niedziela) was a sequence of events that took place in Bydgoszcz (Bromberg), a Polish city with a sizable German minority, between 3 and 4 September 1939, immediately after the German invasion of Poland.

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Blue Army (Poland)

The Blue Army (Polish: Błękitna Armia), or Haller's Army was a Polish military contingent created in France during the latter stages of World War I. The name came from the French-issued blue military uniforms worn by the soldiers.

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Blumenthal family

The von Blumenthal family are Lutheran and Roman Catholic German nobility, originally from Brandenburg-Prussia.

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Bożków

Bożków (Eckersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Ruda, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Bobrownik

Bobrownik (Bevernick) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Boeselager

Boeselager is the name of a German noble family from Magdeburg.

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Bogatyńskie

Bogatyńskie (Tüngen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bogatynia

Bogatynia ((German: Reichenau in Sachsen) is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Bogdany, Braniewo County

Bogdany (Sonnenberg, Kreis Frauenburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien

Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel Graf Tauentzien von Wittenberg (15 September 1760 – 20 February 1824) was a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Bogusław Fryderyk Radziwiłł

Bogusław Fryderyk Radziwiłł (3 January 1809 – 2 January 1873) was a Polish nobleman and Prussian military officer and politician.

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Boguszowice Stare

Boguszowice Stare (Boguschowitz) is a district of Rybnik, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Boguszyn, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Boguszyn (Friedrichswartha) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłodzko, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Bohemia

Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.

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Bohuslav, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin

Bohuslav, Count Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin.

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Bojszowy

Bojszowy (Boischow) is a village in Bieruń-Lędziny County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Bolesławiec

Bolesławiec (Bunzlau; Bolesławjec) is a town located on the Bóbr River in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland, with 40,837 inhabitants (2006).

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Bolesławiec rail viaduct

The Bolesławiec rail viaduct is a railway bridge over the river Bóbr in Bolesławiec in Lower Silesia, Poland.

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Bonn

The Federal City of Bonn is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000.

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Borchen

Borchen is a municipality in the district of Paderborn, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.

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Bordesholm

Bordesholm is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany in the district Rendsburg-Eckernförde.

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Borek Strzeliński

Borek Strzeliński (Großburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borów, within Strzelin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Bornity

Bornity (Bornitt) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bornstedt (Potsdam)

Bornstedt is a borough of Potsdam, Germany.

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Borowina, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Borowina (Barenhütte) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przywidz, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Borussia Mönchengladbach

Borussia VfL 1900 Mönchengladbach e.V., commonly known as Borussia Mönchengladbach, Mönchengladbach or Gladbach, is a German football club in Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Borynia, Jastrzębie-Zdrój

Borynia (Borin) is a sołectwo in the northern part of Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Bosniak Corps

The Bosniak Corps (German: Bosniakenkorps, Bosnian: Bošnjački korpus) was a Prussian Army unit of lancers of Bosniak origin.

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Bosporus

The Bosporus or Bosphorus;The spelling Bosporus is listed first or exclusively in all major British and American dictionaries (e.g.,,, Merriam-Webster,, and Random House) as well as the Encyclopædia Britannica and the.

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Botho zu Eulenburg

Botho Wendt August Graf zu Eulenburg (31 July 1831 – 5 February 1912) was a Prussian statesman.

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Boule de Suif

"Boule de Suif" (translated variously as "Dumpling", "Butterball", "Ball of Fat", or "Ball of Lard") is a famous short story by the late 19th-century French writer Guy de Maupassant first published on 15/16 April 1880.

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Brańsk

Brańsk (Бранск, Бранськ) is an Urban Gmina (Polish: gmina miejska) (Town) in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship.

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Brabant Revolution

The Brabant Revolution or Brabantine Revolution (Révolution brabançonne, Brabantse Omwenteling), sometimes referred to as the Belgian Revolution of 1789–90 in older writing, was an armed insurrection that occurred in the Austrian Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) between October 1789 and December 1790.

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Bracht (river)

Bracht is a river of Hesse, Germany.

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Brandenburg

Brandenburg (Brannenborg, Lower Sorbian: Bramborska, Braniborsko) is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany.

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Brandenburg an der Havel

Brandenburg an der Havel is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, which served as the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg until replaced by Berlin in 1417.

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Brandenburg Concertos

The Brandenburg Concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach (BWV 1046–1051, original title: Six Concerts à plusieurs instruments)Johann Sebastian Bach's Werke, vol.

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Brandenburg Gate

The Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the (temporarily) successful restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.

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Brandenburg-Schwedt

Brandenburg-Schwedt was a secundogeniture of the Hohenzollern margraves of Brandenburg, established by Prince Philip William who took his residence at Schwedt Castle in 1689.

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Brandenburger Gold Coast

The Brandenburger Gold Coast, later Prussian Gold Coast, was a part of the Gold Coast.

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Brandenburglied

The Brandenburglied (also known under the title of "Märkische Heide", or Märkish Heath) was a music piece written for the Province of Brandenburg, then within the Kingdom of Prussia of the German Empire.

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Braniewo

Braniewo, (Braunsberg in Ostpreußen, Brunsberga, Old Prussian: Brus, Prūsa), is a town in northeastern Poland, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, with a population of 18,068 (2004).

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Brąswałd

Brąswałd (Braunswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bredynki

Bredynki (Bredinken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bremen-Verden

Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden. In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.

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Bribery of senior Wehrmacht officers

From 1933 to the end of the Second World War, high-ranking officers of the Armed Forces of Nazi Germany accepted vast bribes in the form of cash, estates, and tax exemptions in exchange for their loyalty to Nazism.

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Brigadier Gerard

Brigadier Gerard is the hero of a series of 17 historical short stories, a play, and a major character in a novel by the British writer Arthur Conan Doyle.

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Brilon

Brilon is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, that belongs to the Hochsauerlandkreis.

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British war crimes

British war crimes are acts by the armed forces of the United Kingdom which have allegedly violated the laws and customs of war since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.

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British War Medal

The British War Medal is a campaign medal of the United Kingdom which was awarded to officers and men of British and Imperial forces for service in the First World War.

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Brocken

The Brocken, also sometimes referred to as the Blocksberg, is the highest peak of the Harz mountain range and also the highest peak of Northern Germany; it is located near Schierke in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt between the rivers Weser and Elbe.

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Brodnica

Brodnica (Strasburg in Westpreußen or Strasburg an der Drewenz) is a town in north-central Poland with 28,574 inhabitants.

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Brody, Żary County

Brody (Brody, Pförten) is a village in Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the German border.

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Brokęcino

Brokęcino (Bahrenbusch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Okonek, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

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Bromberg (region)

Bromberg was the northern of two Prussian administrative regions, or Regierungsbezirke (Rejencja), of the Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–49) and its successor, the Province of Posen (1849–1918).

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Brugherio

Brugherio (in Brughee) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, located about northeast of Milan.

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Bruno Erhard Abegg

Bruno Erhard Abegg (17 January 1803 – 16 December 1848) was a Prussian statesman.

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Bruno von Mudra

Karl Bruno Julius Mudra, from 1913 von Mudra (1 April 1851 in Bad Muskau – 21 November 1931 in Zippendorf) was a Prussian officer, and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oak Leaves.

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Brunswick Cathedral

Brunswick Cathedral (Dom St., lit. in Blaise and John the Baptist) is a large Lutheran church in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

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Brunswick Manifesto

The Brunswick Manifesto was a proclamation issued by Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, commander of the Allied Army (principally Austrian and Prussian), on 25 July 1792 to the population of Paris, France during the War of the First Coalition.

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Brzęczkowice, Mysłowice

Brzęczkowice (Brzenskowitz) is a neighbourhood and a part of dzielnica (district) Brzęczkowice and Słupna, in Mysłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Brzeźce

Brzeźce (Brzestz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pszczyna, within Pszczyna County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Brzeg

Brzeg (Latin: Alta Ripa, former German name: Brieg) is a town in southwestern Poland with 36,381 inhabitants (2016) and the capital of Brzeg County.

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Brzezie, Racibórz

Brzezie (Hohenbirken) is a dzielnica (district) of Racibórz, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Brzezinka, Mysłowice

Brzezinka (Birkental) is a dzielnica (district) of Mysłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Brzeziny

Brzeziny (ברעזין, Brezin) is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km east of Łódź.

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Brzostki

Brzostki (Freihagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Brzydowo, Olsztyn County

Brzydowo (Seubersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świątki, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Buß- und Bettag

Buß- und Bettag (Day of Repentance and Prayer) was a public holiday in Germany, and is still a public holiday in Saxony.

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Budzisz

Budzisz (Budisch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bugi

Bugi (Bogen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Building of the District Museum in Bydgoszcz

The Dictrict Museum Building in Bydgoszcz is an historical building in Bydgoszcz located at Gdanska Street 4.

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Bukwałd

Bukwałd (Groß Buchwalde) is a village in northern Poland.

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Bunde, Germany

Bunde is a municipal district in East Frisia, in Lower Saxony, Germany, about 20 km (32 mi.) south of Emden, Germany, and 50 km (30 mi.) east of Groningen, Netherlands.

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Bundesrat (German Empire)

The Bundesrat ("Union Council") of the German Empire was, at least in theory, the highest authority of the Empire.

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Bundesrat of Germany

The German Bundesrat (literally "Federal Council") is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Länder (federated states) of Germany at the national level.

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Bundesstraße 1

The Bundesstraße 1 (abbr. B1) is a German federal highway running in an east-west direction from the Dutch border near Aachen to the Polish border at Küstrin-Kietz on the Oder River.

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Bundestag

The Bundestag ("Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament.

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Bundeswehr Cross of Honour for Valour

The Bundeswehr Cross of Honour for Valour (Ehrenkreuz der Bundeswehr für Tapferkeit) is the highest military decoration of the Bundeswehr.

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Burgrave

Burgrave also rendered as Burggrave (from Burggraf, praefectus), was since the medieval period in Europe (mainly Germany) the official title for the ruler of a castle, especially a royal or episcopal castle, and its territory called a Burgraviate or Burgravate (German Burggrafschaft also Burggrafthum, Latin praefectura).

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Burtscheid Abbey

Burtscheid Abbey (Abtei Burtscheid) was a house of the Benedictine Order, after 1220 a Cistercian nunnery, located at Burtscheid, near Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany.

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Bydgoszcz

Bydgoszcz (Bromberg; Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers.

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Bydgoszcz Canal

Bydgoszcz Canal (Bromberger Kanal) is a canal, 24.7 km long, between the cities of Bydgoszcz and Nakło in Poland, connecting Vistula river with Oder river, through Brda and Noteć rivers (the latter ending in the Warta river which itself ends in Oder).

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Bydgoszcz Cathedral

St.

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Bystrzyca Kłodzka

Bystrzyca Kłodzka (Habelschwerdt, Kladská Bystřice) is a historic town in Kłodzko County, in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland.

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Bytów

Bytów (Bëtowò; Bütow is a town in the Gdańsk Pomerania region of northern Poland with 16,888 inhabitants (2004). Previously in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998), it is the capital of Bytów County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999). The origins of Bytów can be traced back to the early Middle Ages when a fortified stronghold once stood near the town. Bytów was later mentioned, under the Latin name castrum nomine Bitom, by notable Gallus Anonymus in his Chronicles describing medieval Poland. In 1346 Bütow got German town law from the Teutonic Order. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466), the town was the sight of heavy fighting and changed hands over time. Eventually, King Casimir IV Jagiellon granted the town to Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, as a perpetual fiefdom. After the Partitions of Poland, Bytów became part of German Prussia and remained in Germany until the end of World War II. At the final stages of the war, Bytów was the center of heavy artillery shelling initiated by the Red Army; as a result over 55% of buildings were destroyed. Throughout its whole history, Bytów was known to be a multicultural town inhabited by Kashubians, Poles, Germans and Jews. Since 2000 a bugle call is played during important events which taking place in the area. Bytów is a popular tourist destination in the region of Pomerania and is famous for its medieval Teutonic Castle built in the late 14th century.

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Bytom

Bytom (Polish pronunciation:; Silesian: Bytůń, Beuthen O.S.) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice.

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Bzie

Bzie (Goldmannsdorf) is a sołectwo in the south-east of Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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C. A. E. Matzek

Carol.

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C. L. Gloger

Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger (17 September 1803 near Grottkau, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia – 30 December 1863 in Berlin) was a German zoologist and ornithologist.

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Cabinet of Three Counts

The Cabinet of Three Counts (German - Drei-Grafen-Kabinett) was an unofficial triumvirate which dominated the politics of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1702 to 1710.

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Cadet branch

In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets).

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Cadet Corps

A corps of cadets, or cadet corps, was originally a kind of military school for boys.

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Cadets (film)

Cadets (German: Kadetten) is a 1939 German historical war film directed by Karl Ritter and starring Mathias Wieman, Carsta Löck and Andrews Engelmann.

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Campaign of the Main

The Campaign of the Main (in German: Mainfeldzug) was a campaign of the Prussian army in the area of the river Main against the allies of Austria in Southern Germany during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.

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Canton of Neuchâtel

The Republic and Canton of Neuchâtel (la République et Canton de Neuchâtel) is a canton of French-speaking western Switzerland.

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Canton System (Prussia)

The Canton System (German: Kantonsystem or Kantonssystem) or Canton Regulation (Kantonreglement) was a system of recruitment used by the Prussian army between 1733 and 1813.

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Capernaum Church

Capernaum Church (Kapernaum-Kirche) is one of the two places of worship of the Lutheran Capernaum Congregation, a member of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia, an umbrella comprising Lutheran, Calvinist (Reformed) and united Protestant congregations.

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Capitulation of Erfurt

In the Capitulation of Erfurt on 16 October 1806 a large body of troops from the Kingdom of Prussia under Lieutenant General the Prince of Orange surrendered to Marshal Joachim Murat of France, at the city of Erfurt (now in Germany).

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Capitulation of Pasewalk

The Capitulation of Pasewalk on 29 October 1806 resulted in the surrender of Oberst (Colonel) von Hagen's 4,200 Prussian soldiers to an inferior force of two French light cavalry brigades led by Generals of Brigade Édouard Jean Baptiste Milhaud and Antoine Lasalle.

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Capitulation of Stettin

In the Capitulation of Stettin on 29–30 October 1806, Lieutenant General Friedrich Gisbert Wilhelm von Romberg surrendered the garrison and fortress to a much smaller French light cavalry brigade led by General of Brigade Antoine Lasalle.

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Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire

Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire were contracts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers, particularly France.

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Cappenberg Castle

Cappenberg Castle (Schloss Cappenberg) is a former Premonstratensian monastery, Cappenberg Abbey (Kloster Cappenberg) in Cappenberg, a part of Selm, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

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Captain general (disambiguation)

Captain general, the top Army officer rank, is used by various countries.

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Cardinal Laws

The Cardinal Laws (Prawa kardynalne) were a quasi-constitution enacted in Warsaw, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, by the Repnin Sejm of 1767–68.

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Carl de Vogt

Carl de Vogt (14 September 1885 – 16 February 1970) was a German film actor who starred in four of Fritz Lang's early films.

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Carl Degelow

Carl "Charly" Degelow (5 January 1891 – 9 November 1970) Pour le Merite, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern,The Aerodrome websites' page on the Hohenzollern Order http://www.theaerodrome.com/medals/germany/prussia_rhoh.php?pageNum_recipients.

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Carl Duisberg

Friedrich Carl Duisberg (29 September 1861 – 19 March 1935) was a German chemist and industrialist.

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Carl Ferdinand Langhans

Carl Ferdinand Langhans (14 January 1782 – 22 November 1869) was a Prussian architect with a special interest in theatre architecture.

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Carl Friedrich Goerdeler

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant, and opponent of the Nazi regime.

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Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1811)

Carl Friedrich (C.F.) Schmidt (1811, Stettin – 1890, Berlin) was a German botanical artist.

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Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker

Carl Duncker (25 March 1781 - 15 July 1869) was a German publisher.

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Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Jordan

Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Jordan, sometimes shortened to Wilhelm Jordan (8 February 1819 in Insterburg in East Prussia, now in Russia – 25 June 1904 in Frankfurt am Main), was a German writer and politician.

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Carl Gottlieb Reissiger

Carl Gottlieb Reißiger (also Karl Reissiger, Carl Reissiger, Karl Reißiger) (31 January 1798, Belzig – 7 November 1859, Dresden) was a German Kapellmeister and composer.

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Carl Gröpler

Carl Gröpler (22 February 1868, Magdeburg – 30 January 1946, Magdeburg) was Royal Prussian executioner (Scharfrichter) from 1906 to 1937.

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Carl Gustav Friedrich Hasselbach

Carl Gustav Friedrich Hasselbach (21 March 1809 – 21 April 1882) was a privy councillor, member of the Prussian House of Lords, and served as Lord Mayor of the city of Magdeburg from 1851 to 1881.

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Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician, who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, and number theory.

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Carl Gustav Witt

Carl Gustav Witt (October 29, 1866 – January 3, 1946) was a German astronomer and discover of two asteroids who worked at the Berlin Urania Observatory, a popular observatory of the Urania astronomical association of Berlin.

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Carl Harries

Carl Dietrich Harries (5 August 1866 – 3 November 1923) was a German chemist born in Luckenwalde, Brandenburg, Prussia.

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Carl Klönne

Carl Klönne (26 May 1850 - 20 May 1915) was a German Banker.

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Carl Legien

Carl Legien (1 December 1861 – 26 December 1920) was a German unionist, moderate Social Democratic politician and first President of the International Federation of Trade Unions.

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Carl Ludvig Engel

Carl Ludvig Engel, or Johann Carl Ludwig Engel (3 July 1778 – 14 May 1840), was a German architect known for his Empire style, a phase of Neoclassicism.

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Carl Menckhoff

Carl Menckhoff (14 April 1883 – 11 January 1949) was a German First World War fighter ace, credited with 39 confirmed victories.

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Carl Schmitt

Carl Schmitt (11 July 1888 – 7 April 1985) was a conservative German jurist and political theorist.

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Carl Schurz

Carl Christian Schurz (March 2, 1829 – May 14, 1906) was a German revolutionary and an American statesman, journalist, and reformer.

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Carl Sigismund Kunth

Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850), also Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth, was a German botanist.

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Carl Theodore Liebermann

Carl Theodore Liebermann (23 February 1842 – 28 December 1914) was a German chemist and student of Adolf von Baeyer.

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Carl von Clausewitz

Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz (1 June 1780 – 16 November 1831)Bassford, Christopher (2002).

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Carl Wernicke

Carl (or Karl) Wernicke (15 May 1848 – 15 June 1905) was a German physician, anatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist.

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Carl Wilhelm Borchardt

Carl Wilhelm Borchardt (22 February 1817 – 27 June 1880) was a German mathematician. Borchardt was born to a Jewish family in Berlin. His father, Moritz, was a respected merchant, and his mother was Emma Heilborn. Borchardt studied under a number of tutors, including Julius Plücker and Jakob Steiner. He studied at the University of Berlin under Lejeune Dirichlet in 1836 and at the University of Königsberg in 1839. In 1848 he began teaching at the University of Berlin. He did research in the area of arithmetic-geometric mean, continuing work by Gauss and Lagrange. He generalised the results of Kummer diagonalising symmetric matrices, using determinants and Sturm functions. He was also an editor of Crelle's Journal from 1856–80, during which time it was known as Borchardt's Journal. He died in Rüdersdorf, Germany. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof III der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No.

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Carl Zabel

Carl A. M. Zabel (March 19, 1837 - ?) was an American merchant and manufacturer from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who spent one term as an independent member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Carol Victor, Hereditary Prince of Albania

Carol Victor, Hereditary Prince of Albania (Karl Viktor Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst Günther von Wied, 19 May 19138 December 1973) was the only son of William, Prince of Albania and briefly heir to the Principality of Albania.

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Caroline of Ansbach

Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline; 1 March 1683 – 20 November 1737) was Queen consort of Great Britain as the wife of King George II.

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Caroline Rudolphi

Caroline Rudolphi (also Karoline; 1753–1811) was a German educationist and poet.

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Caroline von Humboldt

Caroline von Humboldt (23 February 1766 in Minden – 26 March 1829 in Berlin), née Carolina Friederica von Dacheröden, was a German salonnière and art historian.

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Casimir the Great Park

Casimir the Great Park is the oldest park in Bydgoszcz, covering an area of 2.24 ha.

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Castle Solitude

Castle Solitude is a Rococo Schloss and hunting retreat commissioned by Duke Charles Eugene, designed by Johann Friedrich Weyhing and Philippe de La Guêpière, and constructed from 1764-69.

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Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Pelplin

The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption or Pelplin Abbey (Polplinum) is a former Cistercian abbey, located in Pelplin, Poland, to the south of Gdańsk.

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Catherine the Great

Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna; –), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая, Yekaterina Velikaya), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader.

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Causes of the Polish–Soviet War

In the Polish–Soviet War of 1919-1921, Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine were in combat with the newly independent Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic.

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Cäsar Rüstow

Cäsar Rüstow (June 18, 1826, Brandenburg an der Havel – July 4, 1866) was a Prussian soldier and military writer.

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Cölln

In the 13th century Cölln was the sister town of Old Berlin (Altberlin), located on the southern Spree Island in the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

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Cecilienhof

Cecilienhof Palace (Schloss Cecilienhof) is a palace in Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany built from 1914 to 1917 in the layout of an English Tudor manor house.

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Cedynia

Cedynia (Zehden) is a small town in Poland, the administrative seat of Gmina Cedynia in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Celle-Soltau, Celle-Munster Light Railway

The Celle-Soltau, Celle-Munster Light Railway (Kleinbahn Celle-Soltau, Celle-Munster GmbH) was until 1908 a publicly owned company run by the district of Celle in North Germany and was originally named the Garßen–Bergen Light Railway (Kleinbahn Garßen-Bergen).

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Census in Germany

A national census in Germany (Volkszählung) was held every five years from 1875 to 1910.

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Central Agricultural Zone (Russia)

The Central Agricultural Zone is a traditional region of Russia.

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Central Archive of the Berlin State Museums

The Central Archive (Zentralarchiv der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin) is an academic institution in Berlin, Germany linked with the collections and administrative departments of the Berlin State Museums.

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Central German football championship

The Central German football championship (German: Mitteldeutsche Fußball Meisterschaft) was the highest association football competition in Central Germany, in what is now the federal states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, established in 1902.

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Cerkiewnik

Cerkiewnik (Münsterberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Chaberkowo

Chaberkowo (Neu Wuttrienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Chancellor of Germany

The title Chancellor has designated different offices in the history of Germany.

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Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin

Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin (1798 – 21 March 1870: "Jewish Civil Registry of Aleksandrow Lodzki", 1870, death (akt) #10, age 76, marital status widower, date March 21.) of Aleksander served as the rebbe of a community of thousands of Hasidim during the "interregnum" between the Chidushei HaRim of Ger and the Sfas Emes.

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Charles Antoine Xaintrailles

Charles Antoine Dominique Xaintrailles, also called Anointe-Charles-Dominique de Lauthier de Chabanon Xaintrailles, (17 January 1769–1833), was a general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.

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Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouerie

Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouërie (13 April 1751 – 30 January 1793), also known in the United States as "Colonel Armand", was a French cavalry officer who served under the American flag during the American War of Independence.

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Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg

Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg (German - Karl Egon II. Fürst zu Fürstenberg; 28 October 1796 - 22 October 1854) was a German politician and nobleman.

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Charles Egon III, Prince of Fürstenberg

Charles Egon III of Fürstenberg (German - Karl Egon III. Leopold Maria Wilhelm Maximilian Fürst zu Fürstenberg;4 March 1820 - 15 March 1892) was an officer in the armies of the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Kingdom of Prussia, rising to Cavalry General.

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Charles François Dumouriez

Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez (26 January 1739 – 14 March 1823) was a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing

Jean Baptiste Charles Henri Hector, comte d'Estaing (24 November 1729 – 28 April 1794) was a French general and admiral.

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Charles Hesse

Charles Hesse (c. 1791 – 24 February 1832) was a Prussian-born officer of the British Army, notable for his liaison with the young Princess Charlotte of Wales.

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Charles Julius Hempel

Charles Julius Hempel (5 September 1811 in Solingen, Prussia – 25 September 1879 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) was a German-born translator and homeopathic physician who worked in the United States.

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Charles L. Matthies

Charles Leopold MatthiesEicher p.367 (or Karl Leopold Matthies) was a Prussian soldier, revolutionary and Union Army officer during the American Civil War, rising to the rank of brigadier general.

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Charles Proteus Steinmetz

Charles Proteus Steinmetz (born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz, April 9, 1865 – October 26, 1923) was a German-born American mathematician and electrical engineer and professor at Union College.

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Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles VI (1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740; Karl VI.) succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (as Charles II), King of Hungary and Croatia, Serbia and Archduke of Austria (as Charles III) in 1711.

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Charles Whitworth, 1st Baron Whitworth

Charles Whitworth, 1st Baron Whitworth (14 October 1675 – 23 October 1725) was a British diplomat.

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Charles-Emmanuel de Warnery

Charles Emanuel de Warnery was a royal Prussian colonel, later a royal Polish general.

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Charles-Mathias Simons

Charles-Mathias Simons (27 March 1802 – 5 October 1874)Thewes (2011), p. 27 was a Luxembourgian politician and jurist.

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Charleville musket

The Charleville muskets were.69 caliber French muskets used in the 18th century and 19th century.

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Charleville-Mézières

Charleville-Mézières is a commune in northern France, capital of the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region.

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Charlotte Bühler

Charlotte Bühler (née Malachowski, December 20, 1893 – February 3, 1974) was a German developmental psychologist.

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Charlotte Niese

Charlotte Niese (7 June 1854 – 8 December 1935) was a German writer, poet and teacher.

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Charlotte von Kalb

Charlotte Sophia Juliana von Kalb (25 July 1761 – 12 May 1843) was a German writer who associated with poets Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Hölderlin and Jean Paul.

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Charlottenburg

Charlottenburg is an affluent locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.

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Charlottenburg Gate

Charlottenburg Gate (Charlottenburger Tor) with Charlottenburg Bridge (Charlottenburger Brücke) is a Neo-Baroque building in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin.

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Charlottenburg Town Hall

Charlottenburg Town Hall (Rathaus Charlottenburg) is an administrative building situated in the Charlottenburg locality of Berlin in Germany.

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Chełmża

Chełmża (Kulmsee, earlier Culmsee), is a town in Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Chełmno

Chełmno (older Culm) is a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river with 20,000 inhabitants and the historical capital of Chełmno Land.

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Chełmno Land

Chełmno land (ziemia chełmińska,, Old Prussian: Kulma, Kulmo žemė) is a historical region, located in central-northern Poland.

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Chełmno Voivodeship

The Chełmno Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772/1795.

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Chernyakhovsk

Chernyakhovsk (Черняхо́вск); prior to 1946 known by its German name (Įsrutis; Wystruć) is a town and the administrative center of Chernyakhovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Instruch and Angrapa Rivers, forming the Pregolya.

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Chernyshevskoye

Chernyshevskoye (from 1938: Eydtkau) is a settlement in Nesterovsky District in the eastern part of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, close to the border with Lithuania.

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Chinese numismatic charm

Yansheng Coin, in the west they are more commonly known as Chinese numismatic charms or simply Chinese charms (alternatively they may be known as Chinese amulets or Chinese talismans), is a collection of special kinds of coins and coin-shaped objects used mainly for ritual uses as well as fortune telling and are involved in almost all forms of Chinese superstitions and Feng shui.

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Chirapravati Voradej

Field Marshal Prince Chirapravati Voradej, Prince of Nakhon Chaisi (พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าจิรประวัติวรเดช กรมหลวงนครไชยศรีสุรเดช) was a prince of the Chakri Dynasty and influential military officer of Siam.

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Chistye Prudy, Kaliningrad Oblast

Chistye Prudy (Чи́стые Пруды́; Tollmingkehmen, 1938-46 Tollmingen; Tolminkiemis) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Nesterovsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Chlebowo, Lubusz Voivodeship

Chlebowo (Namašklěb, Niemaschkleba, 1935-1945: Lindenhain, 1945-1953: Niemaszchleba) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gubin, within Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the German border.

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Chlumec (Ústí nad Labem District)

Chlumec (Kulm) is a village and municipality (obec) in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.

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Chojna

Chojna (Königsberg in der Neumark; Czińsbarg; Regiomontanus Neomarchicus "King's Mountain in (the) New March") is a small town in western Poland in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Chojnik Castle

Chojnik Castle (Kynast, 1945–1948 Chojnasty) is a castle located above the town of Sobieszów, today part of Jelenia Góra in southwestern Poland.

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Chortitza Colony

Chortitza Colony was a volost Yekaterinoslav Governorate granted to German-speaking Mennonites for colonization northwest of Khortytsia Island and is now part of Zaporizhia, Ukraine.

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Chorzów Batory

Chorzów Batory (formerly Hajduki Wielkie) is a district of the Polish city of Chorzów, in Silesian Voivodeship.

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Choszczno

Choszczno (Arnswalde) is a town (population around 16,173) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Christian Andreas Käsebier

Christian Andreas Käsebier (1710 – after 1757) was a legendary German thief and robber during the 18th century who became an intelligence operative for King Frederick the Great following a life imprisonment sentence.

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Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (19 July 1798 – 11 March 1869, Christian Carl Frederik August), commonly known as Christian, Duke of Augustenborg, was a German prince.

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Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst

Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (29 November 1690, in Dornburg – 16 March 1747, in Zerbst) was a German prince of the House of Ascania.

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Christian Ehrenfried Weigel

Christian Ehrenfried Weigel (24 May 1748 – 8 August 1831) was a German scientist and, beginning in 1774, a professor of Chemistry, Pharmacy, Botany, and Mineralogy at the University of Greifswald.

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Christian Gottfried Schütz

Christian Gottfried Schütz (19 May 1747 – 7 May 1832) was a German classical scholar and humanist, known for his contributions in philosophy and philology, and for his work as an academic and literary editor and publisher.

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Christian Graf von Haugwitz

Christian August Heinrich Kurt Graf von Haugwitz (11 June 1752 – 1832) was a German statesman, best known for serving as Foreign Minister of Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Christian Jakob Kraus

Christian Jakob Kraus (27 July 1753 – 25 August 1807) was a German comparative and historical linguist.

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Christian Leopold von Buch

Christian Leopold von Buch (April 26, 1774 – March 4, 1853) was a German geologist and paleontologist born in Stolpe an der Oder (now a part of Angermünde, Brandenburg) and is remembered as one of the most important contributors to geology in the first half of the nineteenth century.

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Christian state

A Christian state is a country that recognizes a form of Christianity as its official religion and often has a state church, which is a Christian denomination that supports the government and is supported by the government.

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Christiane Luise Amalie Becker

Christiane Luise Amalie Becker-Neumann (15 December 1778 – 22 September 1797) was a German actress.

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Christmas tree

A Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer such as spruce, pine, or fir or an artificial tree of similar appearance, associated with the celebration of Christmas.

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Christoph Ernst Friedrich von Forcade de Biaix

Christoph Ernst Friedrich von Forcade de Biaix (* 17 September 1821, Büren near Paderborn;BIORAB Kaiserreich-Online † 18 July 1891 at Reckenberg Castle, in Lichtenfels, Hesse) was a German Rittergut owner, Appellate Court Judge in Hamm, Supreme Court Judge in Berlin and Member of parliament in the German Reichstag.

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Christoph Hoffmann

Gottlob Christoph Jonathan Hoffmann (December 2, 1815 – December 8, 1885) was born in Leonberg in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany.

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Christoph Johann von Medem

Count Christoph Johann Friedrich von Medem (Jeannot Medem; 1763–1838) was a nobleman from Courland and courtier in the courts of Prussian kings Frederick the Great, Frederick William II and Emperor of Russia Paul I. His sisters were poet Elisa von der Recke and last Duchess of Courland, Dorothea von Medem.

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Christopher Lieven

Prince Christopher Henry von Lieven, Lord of Mesothen (Kristofers Heinrihs fon Līvens; Христофор Андреевич Ливен; Christoph Heinrich von Liewen; Christoffer Henrik von Liewen af Eksjö; Christophe de Lieven; 6 May 1774 – 10 January 1839) was a Livonian nobleman, Russian general, ambassador to London in 1812–1834, and educator of tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaievitch.

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Christopher Werner

Christopher W. Werner (1805–1875) was a well known nineteenth-century wrought iron manufacturer, artisan, and entrepreneur from the state of South Carolina, USA.

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Chropaczów

Chropaczów (between 1909 and 1922) is a district in the north-east of Świętochłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Chruściel

Chruściel (Tiedmannsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Churches of Peace

The Churches of Peace (Kościoły Pokoju, Friedenskirchen) in Jawor (German: Jauer) and Świdnica (German: Schweidnitz) in Silesia were named after the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.

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Ciechanów

Ciechanów (German: Zichenau) is a city in north-central Poland with 45,900 inhabitants (2006).

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Ciechocinek

Ciechocinek (1939-45 Hermannsbad) is a spa town in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, located on the Vistula River about east of Aleksandrów Kujawski and south-east of the city of Toruń.

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Cielmice, Tychy

Cielmice (Cielmitz) is a dzielnica (district) of Tychy, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Cisrhenian Republic

The Cisrhenian Republic (Cisrhenanische Republik) was a client state (sister republic) of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Claire Dux

Claire Dux (2 August 1885 – 8 October 1967) was an operatic and concert soprano with a successful career in continental Europe, England, and the United States.

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Clara Fey

Blessed Clara Fey (11 April 1815 – 8 May 1894) was a German Roman Catholic Nun and the founder of the Sisters of the Poor Child Jesus.

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Clara Immerwahr

Clara Immerwahr (21 June 1870 – 2 May 1915) was a German chemist of Jewish descent.

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Clara Willdenow

Clara Willdenow (8 October 1856–4 July 1931) was one of the first German women to attain a medical degree, though because she was denied study in her own country, she earned her degree in Switzerland.

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Clary und Aldringen

Clary und Aldringen, also known as Clary-Aldringen, is one of the most prominent Austro-Hungarian princely families.

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Clausthal University of Technology

The Clausthal University of Technology (Technische Universität Clausthal, also referred to as TU Clausthal or TUC) is an institute of technology (Technische Universität) in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Cläre Lotto

Cläre Lotto (23 September 1893 – 23 August 1952) was a German film actress of the silent era.

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Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars

The Coalition Forces of the Napoleonic Wars were composed of Napoleon Bonaparte's enemies: the United Kingdom, the Austrian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of Sardinia, Dutch Republic, Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Sweden, various Confederation of the Rhine and Italian states at differing times in the wars.

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Coalition Wars

The Coalition Wars (French: Guerres de Coalitions, German: Koalitionskriege, Dutch: Coalitieoorlogen etc.) were a series of seven wars waged by various military alliances, known as the Coalitions, between great European powers against Revolutionary France, and from 1799 onwards General and later Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Coat of arms of Brandenburg

This article is about the coat of arms of the German state of Brandenburg.

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Coat of arms of Germany

The coat of arms of Germany displays a black eagle with a red beak, tongue and feet on a golden field, which is blazoned: Or, an eagle displayed sable beaked langued and membered gules.

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Coat of arms of Lower Saxony

The coat of arms of the German federal-state of Lower Saxony shows a white Saxon steed (Sachsenross) on a red background.

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Coat of arms of Prussia

The state of Prussia developed from the State of the Teutonic Order.

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Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire

Over its long history, the Holy Roman Empire used many different heraldic forms, representing its numerous internal divisions.

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Collegium Hosianum

The Collegium Hosianum was the Jesuit collegium in Royal Prussia, (after 1945 Poland), founded in 1565, 1566 by Cardinal Stanislaus Hosius in Braunsberg (now Braniewo).

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Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz

Freiherr Wilhelm Leopold Colmar von der Goltz (12 August 1843 – 19 April 1916), also known as Goltz Pasha, was a Prussian Field Marshal and military writer.

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Cologne

Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).

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Cologne Communist Trial

The Cologne Communist Trial took place in 1852 in Cologne, Germany, and was conducted by the Prussian government against eleven members of the Communist League who were suspected of having participated in the 1848 uprising.

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Colonization

Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.

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Colquhoun Grant (British intelligence officer)

Lieutenant-Colonel Colquhoun Grant (1780–1829) was a British Army soldier and intelligence officer during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Compartment coach

A compartment coach is a railway passenger coach (US: passenger car) divided into separate areas or compartments, with no means of moving between compartments.

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Concert of Europe

The Concert of Europe, also known as the Congress System or the Vienna System after the Congress of Vienna, was a system of dispute resolution adopted by the major conservative powers of Europe to maintain their power, oppose revolutionary movements, weaken the forces of nationalism, and uphold the balance of power.

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Condominium (international law)

In international law, a condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.

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Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederation of the Rhine (Rheinbund; French: officially États confédérés du Rhin, but in practice Confédération du Rhin) was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire.

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Congregation Beth Israel (New Orleans)

Congregation Beth Israel (בית ישראל) is a Modern Orthodox synagogue located in Louisiana.

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Congress of Laibach

The Congress of Laibach was a conference of the allied sovereigns or their representatives, held in 1821 as part of the Concert of Europe, which was the decided attempt of the Great Powers to settle international problems after the Napoleonic Wars through discussion and collective weight rather than on the battlefield.

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Congress Poland

The Kingdom of Poland, informally known as Congress Poland or Russian Poland, was created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.

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Conservatism in Germany

Conservatism in Germany has encompassed a wide range of theories and ideologies in the last three hundred years.

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Constantin von Alvensleben

Reimar Constantin von Alvensleben (26 August 1809 – 28 March 1892) was a Prussian (and later Imperial German) general.

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Constantin von Dietze

Friedrich Carl Nicolaus Constantin von Dietze (9 August 1891 – 18 March 1973) was an agronomist, lawyer, economist, and theologian.

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Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin Hermann Thassilo of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (16 February 1801 in Schloss Sagan, Sagan, Silesia, Prussia – 3 September 1869 in Schloss Polnisch Nettkow, Grünberg, Silesia, Prussia) was the last Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen.

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Constitution of 3 May 1791

The Constitution of 3 May 1791 (Konstytucja 3 Maja, Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija) was adopted by the Great Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a dual monarchy comprising the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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Constitution of Belarus

The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus (Канстытуцыя Рэспублікі Беларусь, Конституция Республики Беларусь) is the ultimate law of Belarus.

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Constitution of Lithuania

The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija) defines the legal foundation for all laws passed in the Republic of Lithuania.

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Constitution of Prussia (1848)

The Constitution of Prussia (Verfassungsurkunde für den preußischen Staat), was the first constitution of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Constitution of Prussia (1850)

The Constitution of Prussia (Verfassung für den Preußischen Staat) was adopted on 31 January 1850, and amended in the following years.

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Constitution of the German Empire

The Constitution of the German Empire (Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches) was the basic law of the German Empire of 1871-1918, from 16 April 1871, coming into effect on 4 May 1871.

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Contributions of Leonhard Euler to mathematics

The 18th-century Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) is among the most prolific and successful mathematicians in the history of the field.

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Convention of London (1840)

The Convention of London of 1840 was a treaty with the title of Convention for the Pacification of the Levant, signed on 15 July 1840 between the Great Powers of United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, Russia on one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other.

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Copper-Roof Palace

The Copper-Roof Palace (pałac Pod Blachą) is an 18th-century palace in Warsaw, Poland.

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Corps Borussia Bonn

The Corps Borussia Bonn is a German Student Corps at the University of Bonn.

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Corps Guestphalia Halle

The Corps Guestphalia Hall is a fraternity affiliate of the Kösen Senior Convents Association (KSCV), where it is the oldest one.

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Cossacks II: Napoleonic Wars

Cossacks II: Napoleonic Wars is the fourth computer game in the Cossacks series of real-time strategy games, released in Spring 2005 to mixed reviews.

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Cossacks: European Wars

Cossacks: European Wars is a real-time strategy video game for Microsoft Windows made by the Ukrainian developer GSC Game World.

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Cottbus

Cottbus is a university city and the second-largest city in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Count Erich Kielmansegg

Erich Graf von Kielmansegg (13 February 1847 – 5 February 1923) was an Austrian statesman.

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Count Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen

Count Johann Bernhard von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen (Johann Bernhard Graf von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen) (17 July 1806 – 26 February 1899) was an Austrian statesman.

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Count Karl Ferdinand von Buol

Karl Ferdinand von Buol (Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein; 17 May 1797 – 28 October 1865) was an Austrian diplomatist and statesman, who served as Foreign Minister from 1852 to 1859.

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Count Karl Leopold von Schlieben

Count Karl Leopold von Schlieben (Karl Leopold Graf von Schlieben; 3 February 1723 – 18 April 1788) was the Royal Prussian Minister of War between 1769 and 1772.

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Count of Merenberg

Count of Merenberg (German: Graf von Merenberg) is the title bestowed in 1868 by the reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, George Victor, upon the morganatic wife and male-line descendants of Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau (1832-1905), who married Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina (1836-1913), former wife of Russian General Mikhail Leontievich von Dubelt.

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Countess Donata of Castell-Rüdenhausen

Countess Donata of Castell-Rüdenhausen (German: Donata Gräfin zu Castell-Rüdenhausen; 20 June 1950 – 5 September 2015) was a German noblewoman.

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Countess Friederike of Schlieben

Countess Friederike Amalie of SchliebenBurke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), Burke's Peerage,, p. 328 (Friederike Amalie Gräfin von Schlieben; 28 February 1757 – 17 December 1827) was the consort of Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.

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Countess Katharina Dorothea Finck of Finckenstein

Countess Katharina Dorothea Elisabeth Finck von Finckenstein (Katharina Dorothea Elisabeth Gräfin Finck von Finckenstein; 6/7 June 1700 – 26 June 1728) was a member of the German noble family Finck von Finckenstein.

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Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Samsøe

Countess Louise Sophie af Danneskiold-Samsøe (1796 – 1867) was a member of a Danish noble family descended illegitimately from Christian V of Denmark and the wife of Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg.

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Counts of Wartenberg

Counts of Wartenberg (Grafen von Wartenberg) were a German comital family (Grafen) which held large territories in Rhenish Hesse, Electoral Palatinate and Upper Swabia.

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County of Bentheim

The County of Bentheim (Grafschaft Bentheim, Low German Benthem) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the south-west corner of today's Lower Saxony, Germany.

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County of Hoya

The County of Hoya (German: Grafschaft Hoya) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Lower Saxony.

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County of Kladsko

The County of Kladsko (Kladské hrabství, Grafschaft Glatz, Hrabstwo kłodzkie) was a historical administrative unit within Bohemia as a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia and later in the Kingdom of Prussia with its capital at Kłodzko (Kladsko) on the Nysa river.

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County of Mark

The County of Mark (Grafschaft Mark, Comté de La Marck colloquially known as Die Mark) was a county and state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle.

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County of Nassau

The County of Nassau was a German state within the Holy Roman Empire and later part of the German Confederation.

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County of Ravensberg

The County of Ravensberg (Grafschaft Ravensberg) was a historical county of the Holy Roman Empire.

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County of Veldenz

The County of Veldenz was a principality in the contemporary Land Rhineland-Palatinate.

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County of Wernigerode

The County of Wernigerode (Grafschaft Wernigerode) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire which arose in the Harzgau region of the former Duchy of Saxony, at the northern foot of the Harz mountain range.

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Courland

Courland, or Kurzeme (in Latvian; Kurāmō; German and Kurland; Curonia/Couronia; Курляндия; Kuršas; Kurlandia), is one of the historical and cultural regions in western Latvia.

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Cranz, Hamburg

Cranz is a quarter in the Harburg borough of Hamburg, Germany.

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Crimean War

The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.

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Crosses in heraldry

The cross is a basic design of two intersecting lines (X) used from pre-historic times.

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Crown jewels

Crown Jewels are the objects of metalwork and jewellery in the regalia of a current or former monarchy.

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Curonian Spit

The Curonian Spit (Kuršių nerija; Ку́ршская коса́ (Kurshskaya kosa); Kurische Nehrung,; Kuršu kāpas) is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea coast.

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Currency union

A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market).

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Curt Joël

Curt Walter Joël (18 January 1865 – 15 April 1945) was a German jurist and civil servant.

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Curt von Morgen

Curt Ernst von Morgenland (1 November 1858 in Neiße – 15 February 1928 in Lübeck) was a Prussian explorer and officer, later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oak Leaves.

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Curzon Line

The history of the Curzon Line, with minor variations, goes back to the period following World War I. It was drawn for the first time by the Supreme War Council as the demarcation line between the newly emerging states, the Second Polish Republic, and the Soviet Union.

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Cybinka

Cybinka (Ziebingen) is a town in Słubice County, in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland.

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Czarków, Pszczyna County

Czarków (Czarkow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pszczyna, within Pszczyna County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Czarnków

Czarnków (Scharnikau, before 1939: Czarnikau) is a town in Poland in Czarnków-Trzcianka County in Greater Poland Voivodeship, previously in Piła Voivodeship (1975-1998).

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Czarnowąsy

Czarnowąsy (Czarnowanz, 1936–1945: Klosterbrück) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Czarny Kierz

Czarny Kierz (Blumenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Częstochowa

Częstochowa,, is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants as of June 2009.

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Człuchów

Człuchów (Kash. Człëchòwò) is a town in the region of Gdańsk Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with some 14,610 inhabitants (2004).

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Czech Corner

The Czech Corner (Český koutek, Czeski kątek, Böhmischer Winkel) is a territory found in the western end of Klodzko land, close to the current Czech-Polish border.

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Czech lands

The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands (České země) are the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia.

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Czech Silesia

Czech Silesia (České Slezsko; Czeski Ślůnsk; Tschechisch-Schlesien; Śląsk Czeski) is the name given to the part of the historical region of Silesia presently located in the Czech Republic.

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Czeladź

Czeladź is a town in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (part of historic Lesser Poland), in southern Poland, near Katowice and Sosnowiec.

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Czersk Castle

The Castle of the Masovian Dukes is a Gothic castle located in Czersk (36 km south of Warsaw), Masovian Voivodeship in Poland.

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Czerwieńsk

Czerwieńsk (Rothenburg an der Oder) is a town in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,152 inhabitants (2005).

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Czuchów, Czerwionka-Leszczyny

Czuchów (Czuchow) is a dzielnica (district) of Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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D. D. Sheehan

Daniel Desmond Sheehan, usually known as D. D. Sheehan (28 May 1873 – 28 November 1948) was an Irish nationalist, politician, labour leader, journalist, barrister and author.

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Dadaj, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Dadaj (Schönfließ) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Dadau

The Dadau is a left tributary of the river Hunte.

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Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer

Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer (December 11, 1753 – November 21, 1823), was a German-Danish philologist, theologian, librarian, bibliophile, palaeographer, diplomat, and Bible translator.

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Daniel Harrwitz

Daniel Harrwitz (29 April 1823 – 9 January 1884) was a Jewish German chess master.

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Daniel Itzig

Daniel Itzig (also known as Daniel Yoffe 18 March 1723 in Berlin – 17 May 1799 in Potsdam) was a Court Jew of Kings Frederick II the Great and Frederick William II of Prussia.

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Danube–Black Sea Canal

The Danube–Black Sea Canal (Canalul Dunăre – Marea Neagră) is a canal in Romania, which runs from Cernavodă, on the Danube, to Constanța (southern arm, as main branch), and to Năvodari (northern arm), on the Black Sea.

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Danzig (region)

Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder The Danzig Region (Regierungsbezirk Danzig) was a government region, within the Prussian Provinces of West Prussia and of Prussia.

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Danzig law

Danzig law (Danziger Willkür; in Polish: Gdański Wilkierz) was the official set of records of the laws of city of Danzig (Gdańsk).

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Danziger Höhe

The Danziger Höhe (i.e. Danzig Heights; Kreis Danziger Höhe) was an administrative district founded in 1887 and dissolved in 1939.

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Darlingerode

Darlingerode is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Dassow

Dassow is a town in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Daun, Germany

Daun is a town in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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David Alopaeus

Count Frans David Alopaeus (also Alopeus) (December 19, 1769 in Vyborg – June 13, 1831 in Berlin) was an Imperial Russian diplomat.

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David ben Naphtali Fränkel

David ben Naphtali Fränkel or David Hirschel Fränkel (דוד בן נפתלי הירש פרנקל; 1704 – 4 April 1762), was a Jewish German rabbi.

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David Cassel

David Cassel (7 March 1818 – 22 January 1893) was a German historian and Jewish theologian.

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David Hilbert

David Hilbert (23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician.

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David Ruhnken

David Ruhnken (2 January 172314 May 1798) was a Dutch classical scholar of German origin.

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Day of Potsdam

The Day of Potsdam, otherwise known as the Tag von Potsdam or Potsdam Celebration was a March 21, 1933, ceremony for the opening of the new Reichstag after the German federal election, March 1933.

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Düren

Düren is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, between Aachen and Cologne on the river Rur.

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Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf (Low Franconian, Ripuarian: Düsseldörp), often Dusseldorf in English sources, is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in Germany. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs.

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Düsseldorf-Gerresheim

Gerresheim is one of the City of Düsseldorf, Germany's fifty boroughs.

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Dąbrówka Malborska

Dąbrówka Malborska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Targ, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Dąbrowice, Opole Voivodeship

Dąbrowice, German Dombrowitz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chrząstowice (Gemeinde Chronstau), within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Dębieńsko

Dębieńsko (Dubensko) is a dzielnica (district) of Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Długa street in Bydgoszcz

Długa Street is the longest street of Old Town district in Bydgoszcz and the most important historically.

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Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea-coast

The Declaration recognising the Right to a Flag of States having no Sea-coast (Déclaration portant reconnaissance du droit au pavillon des Etats dépourvus de littoral) is a 1921 multilateral treaty which legally recognised that a land-locked state could be a maritime flag state; that is, that a land-locked state could register ships and sail them on the sea under its own flag.

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Demity

Demity (Demuth) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Demographics of Cologne

Cologne (Köln) is Germany's fourth-largest city and the largest city in the Rhineland.

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Demographics of Lithuania

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Lithuania, including population density, ethnicity, level of education, health, economic status, and religious affiliations.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Denmark–France relations

Denmark–France relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and France.

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Denmark–Germany relations

Denmark–Germany relations are the foreign relations between Denmark and Germany.

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Denmark–United Kingdom relations

British–Danish relations are foreign relations between the United Kingdom and Denmark.

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Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.

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Derc

Derc (Derz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Derenburg

Derenburg is a town in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Dessau

Dessau is a town and former municipality in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Deutsche Oper Berlin

The Deutsche Oper Berlin is an opera company located in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin, Germany.

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Deutsche Reichsbahn

The Deutsche Reichsbahn, also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the name of the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire.

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Dictionnaire philosophique

The Dictionnaire philosophique (Philosophical Dictionary) is an encyclopedic dictionary published by Voltaire in 1764.

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Die Wacht am Rhein

"" (The Watch/Guard on the Rhine) is a German patriotic anthem.

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Diego von Bergen

Dr.

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Diet (assembly)

In politics, a diet is a formal deliberative assembly.

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Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber

Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber (10 August 1914 – 13 May 1996) was a German Luftwaffe pilot of World War II.

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Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Dietrich Bonhoeffer (4 February 1906 – 9 April 1945) was a German pastor, theologian, anti-Nazi dissident, and key founding member of the Confessing Church.

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Dietrich Eckart

Dietrich Eckart (23 March 1868 – 26 December 1923) was a German journalist, playwright, poet, and politician who was one of the founders of the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers' Party - DAP), which later evolved into the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten

Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten (5 April 1768 – 20 May 1810) was a German mineralogist.

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Dillingen, Saarland

Dillingen (also: Dillingen an der Saar) is a town in the district of Saarlouis, in Saarland.

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District office building, Września

The District office, Września (Budynek starostwa we Wrześni) is the office building in which administrative functions for Września County are carried out.

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Districts of Cologne

Since the last administrative reform in 1975, the City of Cologne is made up of nine Stadtbezirke and 86 Stadtteile.

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Districts of Prussia

Prussian districts (Kreise, literally "circles") were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia, similar to a county or a shire.

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Dithmarschen

Dithmarschen (Low Saxon pronunciation:, archaic English: Ditmarsh, Ditmarsken, Medieval Latin: Tedmarsgo) is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

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Dobieszczyn

Dobieszczyn (formerly German Entepöl) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Police, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border.

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Dobre Miasto

Dobre Miasto is a town in Poland, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship with 10,489 inhabitants (2006).

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Dobrodzień

Dobrodzień (Guttentag) is a small town in Olesno County, in Opole Voivodeship, Poland.

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Dobrzyń Land

Dobrzyń Land (ziemia dobrzyńska) is a historic region, with the capital in the town of Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, in central-northern Poland, within the Greater Poland, between Mazovia and Prussia.

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Dolsk

Dolsk (Dolzig) is a town of approximately 1,400 inhabitants (as of 2005) in the Greater Poland Voivodeship of Poland.

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Dominions of Sweden

The Dominions of Sweden or Svenska besittningar ("Swedish possessions") were territories that historically came under control of the Swedish Crown, but never became fully integrated with Sweden.

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Domyśl

Domyśl (Eggebrechtsmühle) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Czarne, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Donat Makijonek

Poruchik Donat Aduiovich Makijonek (19 May 1890 – 18 June 1941) was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories.

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Dorotowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Dorotowo (Darethen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Dorstadt

Dorstadt is a municipality in the district of Wolfenbüttel, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Dortmund

Dortmund (Düörpm:; Tremonia) is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Doubloon

The doubloon (from Spanish doblón, meaning "double") was a two-escudo or 32-real gold coin; weighing 6.867 grams (0.218 troy ounces) in 1537, and 6.766 grams from 1728, of.92 fine gold (22-carat gold).

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Dragoon

Dragoons originally were a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility but dismounted to fight on foot.

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Draheim

Draheim (Starostei Draheim) or Drahim (Starostwo Drahimskie) was a starostwo (crown territory) of the Polish kingdom from the 15th century.

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Drang nach Osten

Drang nach Osten ("Drive to the East",Ulrich Best, Transgression as a Rule: German–Polish cross-border cooperation, border discourse and EU-enlargement, 2008, p. 58,, "push eastward",Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945, 1996, p. 118,, "drive toward the East"Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, Anthony Mango, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 2003, p. 579,, or "desire to push East") was a term coined in the 19th century to designate German expansion into Slavic lands.

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Drawsko Pomorskie

Drawsko Pomorskie (Dramburg) is a town in Drawsko County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland, the administrative seat of Drawsko County and the urban-rural commune of Gmina Drawsko Pomorskie.

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Drei-Länder-Stein

The Drei-Länder-Stein is a boundary stone at the tripoint of the German federal states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia near the Großer Ehrenberg mountain in the Harz.

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Dreiherrenstein

A Dreiherrenstein or Dreiherrnstein is the topographic name of a historical tripoint, especially in the German-speaking lands of central Europe, i.e. a place where the border of three princely territories met, together with any enclosures or border fortifications.

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Dresden Coinage Convention

The Dresden Coinage Convention of 1838 was a multilateral treaty that attempted to bring some degree of standardisation to the currencies used in the Zollverein.

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Dresden Conference (1851)

The Dresden Conference (December 23, 1850 to May 16, 1851) took place at Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, after the Prussian humiliation at the Punctation of Olmütz.

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Dreyse needle gun

The Dreyse needle-gun (German Zündnadelgewehr, which translates roughly as "ignition needle rifle") was a military breechloading rifle, famous as the main infantry weapon of the Prussians, who accepted it for service in 1841 as the "leichtes Perkussionsgewehr Model 1841" ("light percussion rifle Model 1841"), with the name chosen to hide the revolutionary nature of the new weapon.

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Drezdenko

Drezdenko (Driesen) is a town in Poland, in Lubusz Voivodeship, in Strzelce-Drezdenko County.

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Drogoradz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

Drogoradz (formerly German Hammer, Amt Jasenitz) – is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Police, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border.

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Drohiczyn

Drohiczyn (Drohičinas, Дарагічын, Дорогочин, Дорогичин) is a town in Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland.

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Drwęca, Lidzbark County

Drwęca (Drewenz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Dubislav Gneomar von Natzmer

Dubislav Gneomar von Natzmer (1654– 20 April 1739) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall and a confidant of the House of Hohenzollern.

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Duchess Agnes of Württemberg

Duchess Agnes of Württemberg (Herzogin Pauline Louise Agnes von Württemberg; 13 October 1835 - 10 July 1886) was a German aristocrat and writer under the pseudonym of Angela Hohenstein.

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Duchess Amelia of Württemberg

Amalie Therese Louise Wilhelmina Philippine of Württemberg (28 June 1799 – 28 November 1848) was a Duchess of Württemberg and an ancestor of Greek, Romanian, Yugoslavian and Spanish Royal Families.

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Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (Luise Amalie; 29 January 1722 – 13 January 1780) was daughter of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his wife Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

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Duchess Marie of Württemberg

Duchess Marie of Württemberg (Antoinette Friederike Auguste Marie Anna Herzogin von Württemberg; 17 September 1799 – 24 September 1860) was a daughter of Duke Alexander of Württemberg and Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

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Duchy of Żagań

The Duchy of Żagań (Księstwo Żagańskie, Zaháňské knížectví) or Duchy of Sagan (Herzogtum Sagan) was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the Silesian Piasts.

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Duchy of Berg

Berg was a state – originally a county, later a duchy – in the Rhineland of Germany.

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Duchy of Bernstadt

The Duchy of Bernstadt (Herzogtum Bernstadt, Księstwo bierutowskie, Bernštatské knížectví) was a Silesian duchy centred on the city of Bernstadt (present-day Bierutów) in Lower Silesia (now in Poland) and formed by separation from the Duchy of Oels (Oleśnica).

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Duchy of Brunswick State Railway

The Duchy of Brunswick State Railway (Herzoglich Braunschweigische Staatseisenbahn) was the first state railway in Germany.

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Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg

The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Herzogtum Braunschweig-Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire.

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Duchy of Brzeg

The Duchy of Brzeg (Księstwo Brzeskie) or Duchy of Brieg (Herzogtum Brieg), (Knížectví Břežské) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, created in 1311 during the fragmentation of the Duchy of Wrocław.

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Duchy of Bytom

The Duchy of Bytom (Księstwo Bytomskie) or Duchy of Beuthen (Herzogtum Beuthen) was one of many Silesian duchies.

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Duchy of Cleves

The Duchy of Cleves (Herzogtum Kleve; Hertogdom Kleef) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the mediaeval Hettergau (de).

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Duchy of Głogów

The Duchy of Głogów (Księstwo głogowskie, Hlohovské knížectví) or Duchy of Glogau (Herzogtum Glogau) was one of the Duchies of Silesia ruled by the Silesian Piasts.

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Duchy of Holstein

The Duchy of Holstein (Herzogtum Holstein, Hertugdømmet Holsten) was the northernmost state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

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Duchy of Jülich

The Duchy of Jülich (Herzogtum Jülich; Hertogdom Gulik; Duché de Juliers) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries.

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Duchy of Krnov

The Duchy of Krnov (Ducatus Carnoviensis, Krnovské knížectví, Księstwo Karniowskie) or Duchy of Jägerndorf (Herzogtum Jägerndorf) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, which in 1377 emerged from the Duchy of Troppau (Opava), itself a fief of the Bohemian Crown.

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Duchy of Legnica

The Duchy of Legnica (Księstwo Legnickie, Lehnické knížectví) or Duchy of Liegnitz (Herzogtum Liegnitz) was one of the Duchies of Silesia.

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Duchy of Luxemburg

The Duchy of Luxemburg (Luxembourg, Lëtzebuerg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg.

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Duchy of Magdeburg

The Duchy of Magdeburg (Herzogtum Magdeburg) was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1680 to 1701 and a province of the German Kingdom of Prussia from 1701 to 1807.

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Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1701, when Frederick William and Adolphus Frederick II divided the Duchy of Mecklenburg between Schwerin and Strelitz.

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Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a duchy in northern Germany, consisting of the eastern fifth of the historic Mecklenburg region, roughly corresponding with the present-day Mecklenburg-Strelitz district (the former Lordship of Stargard), and the western exclave of the former bishopric of Ratzeburg in modern Schleswig-Holstein.

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Duchy of Nassau

The Duchy of Nassau (German: Herzogtum Nassau), or simply Nassau, was an independent state between 1806 and 1866, located in what is now the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse.

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Duchy of Nysa

The Duchy of Nysa (Księstwo Nyskie, Niské knížectví) or Duchy of Neisse (Herzogtum Neisse) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital at Nysa in Lower Silesia.

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Duchy of Oels

The Duchy of Oels (Herzogtum Oels) or Duchy of Oleśnica (Księstwo Oleśnickie, Ducatus Olsnensis) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital in Oleśnica in Lower Silesia, Poland.

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Duchy of Opole

Duchy of Opole (Herzogtum Oppeln; Opolské knížectví) was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the Piast dynasty.

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Duchy of Opole and Racibórz

The Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Księstwo opolsko-raciborskie, Herzogtum Oppeln und Ratibor) was one of the numerous Duchies of Silesia ruled by the Silesian branch of the royal Polish Piast dynasty.

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Duchy of Pless

The Duchy of Pless (or the Duchy of Pszczyna,Julian Janczak, (An outline for the History of Cartography till the End of the 18th century), Opole: 1976, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw: Institute of History of Science, Education and Technology, 1993,. This contains sections in several European languages, including; Accessed 2008-13-01. ^ Tadeusz Walichnowski, (Przynaleznosc terytorialna archiwaliow Panstwa Polskiego w stosunkach miedzynarodowych), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1977. Polish State Archives. ^Nagel's Encyclopedia Guide, Poland by Nagel Publishers, 1989, 399 pages,. Accessed 2008-13-01. Herzogtum Pleß, Księstwo Pszczyńskie) was a Duchy of Silesia, with its capital at Pless (present-day Pszczyna, Poland).

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Duchy of Pomerania

The Duchy of Pomerania (Herzogtum Pommern, Księstwo Pomorskie, 12th century – 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins).

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Duchy of Prussia

The Duchy of Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen, Księstwo Pruskie) or Ducal Prussia (Herzogliches Preußen, Prusy Książęce) was a duchy in the region of Prussia established as a result of secularization of the State of the Teutonic Order during the Protestant Reformation in 1525.

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Duchy of Racibórz

Duchy of Racibórz (Herzogtum Ratibor, Ratibořské knížectví) was one of the duchies of Silesia.

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Duchy of Siewierz

The Duchy of Siewierz was a Silesian duchy with its capital in Siewierz.

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Duchy of Silesia

The Duchy of Silesia (Księstwo śląskie, Herzogtum Schlesien) with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval duchy located in the historic Silesian region of Poland.

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Duchy of Teschen

The Duchy of Teschen (Herzogtum Teschen), also Duchy of Cieszyn (Księstwo Cieszyńskie) or Duchy of Těšín (Těšínské knížectví, was one of the Duchies of Silesia centered on Cieszyn (Teschen) in Upper Silesia. It was split off the Silesian Duchy of Opole and Racibórz in 1281 during the feudal division of Poland and was ruled by Silesian dukes of the Piast dynasty from 1290 until the line became extinct with the death of Duchess Elizabeth Lucretia in 1653. The ducal lands initially comprised former Lesser Polish territories east of the Biała River, which in about 1315 again split off as the Polish Duchy of Oświęcim, while the remaining duchy became a fiefdom of the Bohemian kings in 1327 and was incorporated into the Lands of the Bohemian Crown by 1347. While the bulk of Silesia was conquered by the Prussian king Frederick the Great in the Silesian Wars of 1740–1763, Teschen together with the duchies of Troppau (Opava), Krnov and Nysa remained with the Habsburg Monarchy and merged into the Austrian Silesia crown land in 1849. The so-called "commander line" of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, a cadet branch descending from Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, held the title "Duke of Teschen" until 1918.

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Duchy of Troppau

The Principality of Opava (Opavské knížectví) (Księstwo Opawskie) or Duchy of Troppau (Herzogtum Troppau) was a historic territory split off from the Margraviate of Moravia before 1269 by King Ottokar II of Bohemia to provide for his natural son, Nicholas I. The Opava territory thus had not been part of the original Polish Duchy of Silesia in 1138, and was first ruled by an illegitimate offshoot of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty, not by the Silesian Piasts like many of the neighbouring Silesian duchies.

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Duchy of Warsaw

The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie, Duché de Varsovie, Herzogtum Warschau) was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit.

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Duke Charles of Mecklenburg

Duke Charles of Mecklenburg (Herzog Carl zu Mecklenburg) (30 November 1785 – 21 September 1837) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a Prussian soldier who served in the Napoleonic Wars.

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Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857)

Duke Eugen of Württemberg (Herzog Friedrich Eugen Carl Paul Ludwig von Württemberg; 8 January 1788 – 16 September 1857) was a German prince and a General of Infantry in the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1820–1875)

Duke Eugen of Württemberg (Herzog Eugen Wilhelm Alexander Erdmann von Württemberg; 25 December 1820 – 8 January 1875) was a German prince.

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Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877)

Duke Eugen of Württemberg (Herzog Wilhelm Eugen August Georg von Württemberg; 20 August 1846 – 27 January 1877) was a German prince and a staff officer of Württemberg.

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Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg (12 January 1721, Wolfenbüttel – 3 July 1792, Vechelde), was a German-Prussian field marshal (1758–1766) known for his participation in the Seven Years' War.

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Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern (25 September 1718, Wolfenbüttel – 12 May 1788, Eisenach) was a field-marshal in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, the elected Duke of Courland (1741).

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Duke Nicholas of Württemberg

Duke Nicholas of Württemberg (Herzog Nikolaus von Württemberg; 1 March 1833 – 22 February 1903) was an officer in the army of the Austrian Empire.

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Duke of Lauenburg

The title of Duke of Lauenburg derives from the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, which, since its foundation in 1269, was ruled in succession by 29 dukes from six dynastic houses and lines, and by an additional four dukes from a temporary dynastic branch line (Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, the first would-be duchess regnant, was kept from inheriting the duchy by male rulers of neighbouring states).

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Duke of Schleswig

The following list is a list of jarls and dukes, who ruled over Schleswig respectively Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland).

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Duke of Silesia

The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth.

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Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg

Duke Friedrich Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg (Friedrich Paul Wilhelm, Herzog von Württemberg; 25 June 1797, Bad Carlsruhe, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia – 25 November 1860, Mergentheim, Kingdom of Württemberg) was a member of the House of Württemberg and a Duke of Württemberg.

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Duke William of Württemberg

Duke William of Württemberg (Herzog Wilhelm Nikolaus von Württemberg; 20 July 1828 – 5 November 1896) was an Austrian and Württemberg General.

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Duppel Storm Cross

The Düppel Storm Cross (Düppeler-Sturmkreuz) was a military medal of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Dywity

Dywity (Diwitten) is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Działdowo

Działdowo (Soldau) is a town in north-central Poland with 24,830 inhabitants (2006), the capital of Działdowo County.

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Dziećkowice

Dziećkowice (Dzietzkowitz) is a dzielnica (district) of Mysłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland.

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Dzierżoniów

Dzierżoniów (Reichenbach im Eulengebirge; from 1945-1946 Rychbach, Drobniszew) is a town located at the foot of the Owl Mountains in southwestern Poland, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975–1998 in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship).

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Dzierzgoń

Dzierzgoń (Christburg) is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland.

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E. T. A. Hoffmann

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (commonly abbreviated as E. T. A. Hoffmann; born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 177625 June 1822) was a Prussian Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic, draftsman and caricaturist.

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Earl of Clarendon

Earl of Clarendon is a title that has been created twice in British history, in 1661 and 1776.

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Early clashes in the Rhine campaign of 1796

In the Rhine Campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two Republican French armies.

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Early modern Europe

Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century.

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East Asia Squadron

The German East Asia Squadron (Ger Kreuzergeschwader or Ostasiengeschwader) was an Imperial German Navy cruiser squadron which operated mainly in the Pacific Ocean between the mid-1890s and 1914.

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East Prussia

East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

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East Prussian plebiscite, 1920

The East Prussia(n) plebiscite (Abstimmung in Ostpreußen), also known as the Allenstein and Marienwerder plebiscite or Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite (Plebiscyt na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu), was a plebiscite for self-determination of the regions southern Warmia (Ermland), Masuria (Mazury, Masuren) and Powiśle, which had been in parts of the East Prussian Government Region of Allenstein and of West Prussian Government Region of Marienwerder, in accordance with Articles 94 to 97 of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Eastern National Railway (Austria)

The Imperial and Royal Eastern National Railway (k.k. Östliche Staatsbahn, ÖStB) was a national railway company in the Austrian Empire.

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Eberbach Abbey

Eberbach Abbey (German: Kloster Eberbach) is a former Cistercian monastery near Eltville am Rhein in the Rheingau, Germany.

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Eberhard Jäckel

Eberhard Jäckel (June 29, 1929 – August 15, 2017) was a Social Democratic German historian, noted for his studies of Adolf Hitler's role in German history.

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Eberhard von Mackensen

Friedrich August Eberhard von Mackensen (24 September 1889 – 19 May 1969) was a German general of the Wehrmacht during World War II who served as commander of the 1st Panzer Army and the 14th Army, and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

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Edict of toleration

An edict of toleration is a declaration, made by a government or ruler and states, that members of a given religion will not be persecuted for engaging in their religious practices and traditions.

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Edith Baumann

Edith Baumann (1 August 1909 – 7 April 1973) was an East German politician.

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Edith Frank

Edith Frank (née Holländer; 16 January 1900 – 6 January 1945) was the mother of Holocaust diarist Anne Frank, and her older sister Margot.

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Edmund Naganowski

Edmund Wacław Naganowski (26 September 1853 – 28 January 1915), was a Polish publicist and writer also known under pen names E. Działosz, Latarnik and Edmund Sas (Sas most likely refers to his Sas coat of arms).

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Edmund Nathanael

Offiziersstellvertreter Edmund Nathanael (18 December 1889 – 11 May 1917) was a World War I flying ace credited with 15 aerial victories.

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Eduard Bernstein

Eduard Bernstein (6 January 185018 December 1932) was a German social-democratic Marxist theorist and politician.

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Eduard Franck

Eduard Franck (5 October 1817 – 1 December 1893) was a German composer, pianist and music pedagogue.

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Eduard Haber

Johann Karl Emil Eduard Haber (1 October 1866 – 14 January 1947) was a German mining engineer, civil servant and diplomat, who served as the last Governor of German New Guinea.

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Eduard Heinrich von Flottwell

Eduard Heinrich Flottwell (23 July 1786 – 28 May 1865; after 1861 von Flottwell) was a Prussian Staatsminister.

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Eduard Lasker

Eduard Lasker (14 October 1829 – 5 January 1884) was a German politician and jurist.

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Eduard Schaubert

Gustav Eduard Schaubert (translit) 27 July 1804, Breslau, Prussia – 30 March 1860, Breslau) was a Prussian architect, who made a major contribution to the re-planning of Athens after the Greek War of Independence.

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Eduard Strauch

Eduard Strauch (17 August 1906 – 15 September 1955) was an SS-Obersturmbannführer, commander of Einsatzkommando 2, commander of two Nazi organizations, the Security Police (German: Sicherheitspolizei), or Sipo, and the Security Service (German: Sicherheitsdienst, or SD), first in Belarus – then called White Russia or White Ruthenia – and later in Belgium.

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Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein

Eduard Ernst Friedrich Hannibal Vogel von Fal(c)kenstein (5 January 1797 – 6 April 1885) was a Prussian General der Infanterie.

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Eduard von Bonin

Eduard von Bonin (7 March 1793 – 13 March 1865) was a Prussian general officer who served as Prussian Minister of War from 1852–54 and 1858-59.

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Eduard von Grützner

Eduard Theodor Ritter von Grützner (May 26, 1846 – April 2, 1925) was a German painter and professor of art.

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Eduard von Lewinski

Eduard Julius Ludwig von Lewinski (22 February 1829 – 17 September 1906) was a Prussian general.

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Eduard von Simson

Martin Sigismund Eduard von Simson (10 November 1810 – 2 May 1899) was a German jurist and distinguished liberal politician of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, who served as President of the Frankfurt Parliament as well as the first President of the German Parliament and of the Imperial Court.

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Eduard Wunder

Eduard Wunder (1800–1869) was a German philologist, and from 1843 to 1866 Rector of the Fürstenschule Grimma in Saxony.

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Education in Poland

Compulsory education in Poland starts at the age of six from the mandatory "0" reception class (Polish zerówka or klasa 0, literally Year 0).

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Edward and Henry Schnell

Edward Schnell and Henry Schnell were brothers of Dutch extraction and German arms dealers active in Japan.

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Edward Bancroft

Edward Bartholomew Bancroft (– September 7, 1821) was a Massachusetts born physician and chemist who became a double-agent, spying for both the United States and Great Britain while serving as secretary to the American Commission in Paris during the American Revolution.

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Edward Baumeister

Edward Baumeister (June 24, 1848 – May 26, 1933) was an American politician in the state of Washington.

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Edward Degener

Edward Degener (October 20, 1809 – September 11, 1890) was a German-born American politician.

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Edward Everett

Edward Everett (April 11, 1794 – January 15, 1865) was an American politician, pastor, educator, diplomat, and orator from Massachusetts.

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Edward Sapir

Edward Sapir (January 26, 1884 – February 4, 1939) was a German anthropologist-linguist, who is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in the early development of the discipline of linguistics.

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Edwin Klebs

Theodor Albrecht Edwin Klebs (6 February 1834 – 23 October 1913) was a German-Swiss pathologist.

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Egyptian Museum of Berlin

The Egyptian Museum of Berlin (Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung) is home to one of the world's most important collections of Ancient Egyptian artifacts, including the iconic Nefertiti Bust.

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Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41)

The Second Egyptian–Ottoman War or Second Turko–Egyptian War lasted from 1839 until 1841 and was fought mainly in Syria, whence it is sometimes referred as the (Second) Syrian War.

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Eichsfeld (district)

Eichsfeld is a district in Thuringia, Germany, and part of the historical region of Eichsfeld.

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Eight Articles of London

The Eight Articles of London, also known as the London Protocol of June 21, 1814, were a secret convention between the Great Powers: Britain, the Kingdom of Prussia, the Austrian Empire, and the Russian Empire to award the territory of current Belgium and The Netherlands to William I of the Netherlands, then "Sovereign Prince" of the United Netherlands.

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Eilenburg

Eilenburg is a town in Germany.

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Eilhard Mitscherlich

Eilhard Mitscherlich (7 January 1794 – 28 August 1863) was a German chemist, who is perhaps best remembered today for his discovery of the phenomenon of isomorphism (crystallography) in 1819.

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Eilzug

An Eilzug (pl: Eilzüge, spěšný vlak, zrýchlený vlak, English: Regional fast train) is a type of passenger train in German-speaking countries which roughly equates to a British 'fast-stopping train' or 'semi-fast train'.

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Eisenach station

Eisenach Station is the main station of the city of Eisenach in the German state of Thuringia.

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Eisleben

Eisleben is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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El Rio, California

El Rio is a small, ruralCapace, Nancy (1999).

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Elard von Oldenburg-Januschau

Elard Kurt Maria Fürchtegott von Oldenburg-Januschau (20 March 1855 - 16 August 1937) was a German Junker and conservative politician.

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Elbingerode

Elbingerode (Harz) is a district of Oberharz am Brocken in the Harz district, in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Elbląg

Elbląg (Elbing; Old Prussian: Elbings) is a city in northern Poland on the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 124,257 inhabitants (December 31, 2011).

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Elbląg Canal

Elbląg Canal (Kanał Elbląski, Oberländischer Kanal) is a canal in Poland, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, 80.5 km in length, which runs southward from Lake Drużno (connected by the river Elbląg to the Vistula Lagoon), to the river Drwęca and lake Jeziorak.

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Eldena Abbey

Region Franche-Comté Département Jura |---- bgcolor.

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Elector of Mainz

The Elector of Mainz was one of the seven Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Electoral Circle

The Electoral Circle (Kurkreis), which was renamed in 1807 to the Wittenberg Circle (Wittenberger Kreis), was a historical territory that mostly emerged from the heartlands of the former Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg.

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Electoral college

An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office.

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Electoral Palace, Koblenz

The Electoral Palace (German: Kurfürstliches Schloss) in Koblenz, Germany, was the residence of the last Archbishop and Elector of Trier, Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony, who commissioned the building in the late 18th century.

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Electoral Palace, Trier

The Electoral Palace (German: Kurfürstliches Palais) in Trier, Germany, was the residence of the Archbishops and Electors of Trier from the 16th century until the late 18th century.

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Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg

The Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg) was an Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany.

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Electorate of Hesse

The Electorate of Hesse (Kurfürstentum Hessen), also known as Hesse-Kassel or Kurhessen) was a state elevated by Napoleon in 1803 from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. When the Holy Roman Empire was abolished in 1806, the Prince-Elector of Hesse chose to remain an Elector, even though there was no longer an Emperor to elect. In 1807, with the Treaties of Tilsit the area was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia, but in 1814 the Congress of Vienna restored the electorate. The state was the only electorate within the German Confederation, consisting of several detached territories to the north of Frankfurt which survived until it was annexed by Prussia in 1866 following the Austro-Prussian War. It comprised a total land area of, and its population in 1864 was 745,063.

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Electorate of Mainz

The Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz, Electoratus Moguntinus), also known in English by its French name, Mayence, was among most prestigious and the most influential states of the Holy Roman Empire from its creation to the dissolution of the HRE in the early years of the 19th century.

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Electorate of Saxony

The Electorate of Saxony (Kurfürstentum Sachsen, also Kursachsen) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356.

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Electorate of Trier

The Electorate of Trier (Kurfürstentum Trier or Kurtrier), traditionally known in English by its French name of Trèves, was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century.

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Electress

An Electress was the consort of a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, one of the Empire's greatest princes.

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Eleja manor house

Eleja manor house (German: Herrenhaus Elley) is the name of the ruins of a destroyed manor house, manor complex buildings and the surrounding English landscape garden.

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Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz

Princess Eleonore Caroline Gasparine Louise Reuss-Köstritz (22 August 1860 – 12 September 1917) was Tsaritsa of Bulgaria and the second wife of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria.

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Elimar Klebs

Elimar Klebs (15 October 1852 – 16 May 1918) was a German historian of ancient history.

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Elisabet Ney

Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney (26 January 1833 – 29 June 1907) was a celebrated German-American sculptor who spent the first half of her life and career in Europe, producing portraits of famous leaders such as Otto von Bismarck, Giuseppe Garibaldi and King George V of Hanover.

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Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche

Therese Elisabeth Alexandra Förster-Nietzsche (10 July 1846 – 8 November 1935), who went by her second name, was the sister of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and the creator of the Nietzsche Archive in 1894.

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Elisabeth Schwarzkopf

Dame Olga Maria Elisabeth Friederike Schwarzkopf, (9 December 19153 August 2006) was a German-born Austro-British soprano.

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Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff

Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff (17 June 1877 Potsdam - 20 April 1959 Bassum) was a German engineer, and architect.

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Elisabeth von Thadden

Elisabeth Adelheid Hildegard von Thadden (29 July 1890 – 8 September 1944, executed) was a German progressive educator and a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime as a member of the Solf Circle.

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Elsa Eschelsson

Elsa Olava Kristina Eschelsson (11 November 1861 – 10 March 1911) was the first woman to finish a Doctor of Laws (juris utriusque doctor) degree and the first to attain the academic position of docent at a Swedish university, but was denied the right to even serve as acting professor because of her sex.

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Elsbeth Schragmüller

Elsbeth Schragmüller, also known as Fräulein Doktor and Mademoiselle Docteur, as well as Fair Lady, La Baronne and Mlle.

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Elvira Madigan

Elvira Madigan (4 December 1867 – 19 July 1889) was the stage name of a Danish tightrope walker and trick rider, whose illicit affair and dramatic death were the subject of the Swedish film of 1967.

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Elwin Bruno Christoffel

Elwin Bruno Christoffel (November 10, 1829 – March 15, 1900) was a German mathematician and physicist.

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Elze

Elze is a town in the district of Hildesheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Emanuel Aloys Förster

Emanuel Aloys Förster (26 January 1748 – 12 November 1823) was a composer and music teacher, who spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria.

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Emanuel Lasker

Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was World Chess Champion for 27 years (from 1894 to 1921).

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Embassy of France, Berlin

The Embassy of France in Berlin is the diplomatic mission of the French Republic in Germany.

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Embassy of Germany, London

The Embassy of Germany in London is the diplomatic mission of Germany in the United Kingdom.

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Emden

Emden is an independent city and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems.

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Emden Company

The Emden Company was a Prussian trading company which was established in 1752 to trade primarily with the city of Canton in China.

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Emil Albert Friedberg

Emil Albert Friedberg (22 December 1837, in Konitz – 7 September 1910, in Leipzig) was a German canonist.

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Emil John Raddatz

Emil John Raddatz (October 5, 1857 in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia-November 1, 1933 in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States) was a miner, politician, and businessman who shaped Utah's history and its economy.

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Emil Körner

Emil Körner Henze (10 October 1846, Wegwitz – 25 March 1920, Berlin), sometimes called Emilio Körner Henze in Spanish, was a German officer (Hauptmann) of the Prussian Army and Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army with the rank of Inspector General from 1900 to 1910.

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Emil Nolde

Emil Nolde (born Emil Hansen; 7 August 1867 – 13 April 1956) was a German-Danish painter and printmaker.

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Emil Wiechert

Emil Johann Wiechert (26 December 1861 – 19 March 1928) was a German physicist and geophysicist who made many contributions to both fields, including presenting the first verifiable model of a layered structure of the Earth and being among the first to discover the electron.

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Emma Herwegh

Emma Herwegh (born Emma Siegmund: 10 May 1817 – 24 March 1904) was a German merchant's daughter who participated in the 1848 uprisings, undertaking at least one secret quasi-diplomatic mission on behalf of the "Legion of German democrats".

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Emma Körner

Emma Sophie Körner (born 20 April 1788 in Dresden, in the then Electorate of Saxony; died 1815 in Dresden, then Kingdom of Saxony) was a German painter, a pupil of the Swiss painter Anton Graff, and sister of the poet and soldier Carl Theodor Körner.

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Emma Trosse

Emma Trosse (6 January 1863-23 July 1949) was a German teacher and school administrator.

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Emperor

An emperor (through Old French empereor from Latin imperator) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm.

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Emperor of All Russia

The Emperor or Empress of All Russia ((pre 1918 orthography) Императоръ Всероссійскій, Императрица Всероссійская, (modern orthography) Император Всероссийский, Императрица всероссийская, Imperator Vserossiyskiy, Imperatritsa Vserossiyskaya) was the absolute and later the constitutional monarch of the Russian Empire.

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Empire: Total War

Empire: Total War is a turn-based strategy and real-time tactics computer game developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega.

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Ems Dispatch

The Ems Dispatch (Dépêche d'Ems, Emser Depesche), sometimes called the Ems Telegram, incited France to declare the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870.

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English Wars (Scandinavia)

The English Wars (Englandskrigene, Englandskrigen) were a series of conflicts between England and Sweden with Denmark-Norway as part of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Entomological Society of Stettin

The Entomological Society of Stettin (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin) or Stettin Entomological Society, based in Stettin (Szczecin), was one of the leading entomological societies of the 19th century.

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Ephraimiten

Ephraimiten were the inferior or fake coins in which part of the silver was replaced with copper.

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Erfurt

Erfurt is the capital and largest city in the state of Thuringia, central Germany.

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Erfurt Union

The Erfurt Union (Erfurter Union) was a short-lived union of German states under a federation, proposed by the Kingdom of Prussia at Erfurt, for which the Erfurt Union Parliament (Erfurter Unionsparlament), lasting from March 20 to April 29, 1850, was opened at the former Augustinian monastery in Erfurt.

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Erhard Ernst von Röder

Erhard Ernst von Röder (26 July 1665 – 26 October 1743) was a Prussian Field Marshal General, Minister of War and Minister of Finance.

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Erich Hoepner

Erich Hoepner (14 September 1886 – 8 August 1944) was a German general during World War II.

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Erich Lüdke

Erich Lüdke (20 October 1882 – 13 February 1946) was a German General of the Infantry who was supreme commander of the German forces in Denmark from 1 June 1940 to 29 September 1942.

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Erich Ludendorff

Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general, the victor of the Battle of Liège and the Battle of Tannenberg.

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Erich Mende

Dr.

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Erich Mielke

Erich Fritz Emil Mielke (28 December 1907 – 21 May 2000) was a German communist official who served as head of the East German Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatsicherheit), better known as the Stasi, from 1957 until shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

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Erich Priebke

Erich Priebke (27 July 1913 – 11 October 2013) was a German mid-level SS commander in the SS police force (SiPo) of Nazi Germany.

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Erich Raeder

Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 – 6 November 1960) was a German grand admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II.

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Erich Raeder pre Grand Admiral

Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 – 6 November 1960) was a naval leader in Germany before and during World War II.

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Erich von Falkenhayn

General Erich Georg Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was the Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916.

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Erich von Manstein

Erich von Manstein (24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a German commander of the Wehrmacht, Nazi Germany's armed forces during the Second World War.

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Erik Julin

Erik Julin (13 November 1796 – 21 June 1874) was a Finnish apothecary, shipowner and industrialist.

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Ernest Cassel

Sir Ernest Joseph Cassel, (3 March 1852 – 21 September 1921) was a British merchant banker and capitalist.

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Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld

Ernst, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld (Ernst Kasimir Friedrich Karl Eberhard; 9 June 1842 – 26 September 1904) was the head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe.

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Ernst Arndt (actor)

Ernst Arndt (3 February 1861 –) was a German stage and film actor notable for his later career in Austria.

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Ernst August Hagen

Ernst August Hagen (12 April 1797 - 15 February 1880) was a Prussian writer on art and novelist.

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Ernst Cassirer

Ernst Alfred Cassirer (July 28, 1874 – April 13, 1945) was a German philosopher.

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Ernst Chladni

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (30 November 1756 – 3 April 1827) was a German physicist and musician.

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Ernst Gideon von Laudon

Baron Ernst Gideon von Laudon (German: Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon (originally Laudohn or Loudon) (13 February 1717 – 14 July 1790) was an Austrian generalisimo, one of the most successful opponents of the Prussian king Frederick the Great, allegedly lauded by Alexander Suvorov as his teacher. He served the position of military governorship of Habsburg Serbia from his capture of Belgrade in 1789 until his death, cooperating with the resistance fighters of Koča Anđelković.

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Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein

Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (August 11, 1863 – February 22, 1921) was a son of Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

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Ernst Haeckel

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.

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Ernst Jünger

Ernst Jünger (29 March 1895 – 17 February 1998) was a highly decorated German soldier, author, and entomologist who became publicly known for his World War I memoir Storm of Steel.

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Ernst Kummer

Ernst Eduard Kummer (29 January 1810 – 14 May 1893) was a German mathematician.

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Ernst Laas

Ernst Laas (June 16, 1837, Fürstenwalde, Brandenburg, Prussia – July 25, 1885, Straßburg, Germany (now Strasbourg, France)) was a German positivist philosopher.

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Ernst Legal

Ernst Legal (2 May 1881 – 29 June 1955) was a German actor.

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Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach

Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach (7 March 1795 – 18 February 1877) was a conservative Prussian judge, politician, and editor.

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Ernst Moritz Hess

Ernst Moritz Hess (20 March 1890 – 14 September 1983) was a baptized German Jew who served in the Imperial German Army during the First World War.

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Ernst Schröder (actor)

Ernst Schröder (27 January 1915 – 26 July 1994) was a popular German theatre, film and TV actor.

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Ernst Toller

Ernst Toller (1 December 1893 – 22 May 1939) was a German left-wing playwright, best known for his Expressionist plays.

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Ernst von Leyser

Ernst von Leyser (18 November 1889 – 23 September 1962) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded several army corps.

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Ernst von Rüchel

Ernst von Rüchel (21 July 1754 – 14 January 1823) was a Prussian general who led an army corps in a crushing defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Jena on 14 October 1806.

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Ernst von Salomon

Ernst von Salomon (25 September 1902 – 9 August 1972) was a Weimar-era national-revolutionary German writer and right-wing Freikorps member.

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Ernst von Wildenbruch

Ernst von Wildenbruch (3 February 1845 – 15 January 1909) was a German poet and dramatist.

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Ernst Wollweber

Ernst Friedrich Wollweber (29 October 1898 – 3 May 1967) was Minister of State Security of the German Democratic Republic from 1953 to 1957.

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Ernst Ziehm

Dr.

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Ernst-Günther Schenck

Ernst-Günther Schenck (3 October 1904 – 21 December 1998) was a German doctor and member of the SS in Nazi Germany.

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Ernst-Robert Grawitz

Ernst-Robert Grawitz (8 June 1899 – 24 April 1945) was a German physician and an SS functionary (Reichsarzt, "arzt" meaning "physician") during the Nazi era.

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Ernst-Wilhelm Modrow

Ernst-Wilhelm Modrow (5 May 1908 – 10 September 1990) was a German night fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany.

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Erwin Clausen

Erwin Clausen (5 August 1911 – 4 October 1943) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 132 aerial victories—that is, 132 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in 561 combat missions.

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Erwin von Witzleben

Job Wilhelm Georg Erdmann Erwin von Witzleben (4 December 1881 – 8 August 1944) was a German officer, by 1940 in the rank of Generalfeldmarschall (General Field Marshal), and army commander in the Second World War.

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Essen

Essen (Latin: Assindia) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Essen Abbey

Essen Abbey (Stift Essen) was a monastery of secular canonesses for women of high nobility in Essen, Germany.

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Essen Minster

Essen Minster (German), since 1958 also Essen Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Essen, the "Diocese of the Ruhr", founded in 1958.

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Eugénie de Beauharnais

Eugénie Hortense Auguste Napoléone, known as Eugénie de Beauharnais, princess of Leuchtenberg (22 December 1808, Milan – 1 September 1847, Freudenstadt) was a Franco-German princess.

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Eugen Dühring

Eugen Karl Dühring (12 January 1833, Berlin – 21 September 1921, Nowawes in modern-day Potsdam-Babelsberg) was a German philosopher, positivist, economist, and socialist who was a strong critic of Marxism.

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Eugen Diederichs

Eugen Diederichs (June 22, 1867 – September 10, 1930) was a German publisher born in Löbitz, in the Prussian Province of Saxony.

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Eugen Goldstein

Eugen Goldstein (5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist.

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Eugen Kvaternik

Eugen Kvaternik (31 October 1825 – 11 October 1871) was a Croatian nationalist politician and one of the founders of the Party of Rights, alongside Ante Starčević.

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Eugen Sandow

Eugen Sandow (born Friedrich Wilhelm Müller; 2 April 1867 – 14 October 1925) was a pioneering German bodybuilder, now known as the "father of modern bodybuilding".

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Eugen Schiffer

Eugen Schiffer (14 February 1860 – 5 September 1954) was a German lawyer and liberal politician.

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Eugen von Falkenhayn

Eugen von Falkenhayn (4 September 1853 – 3 January 1934) was a German General of the Cavalry, commanding officer of the XXII Reserve Corps in World War I and Lord Chamberlain of Empress Auguste Viktoria.

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Eupen-Malmedy

Eupen-Malmedy or Eupen-Malmédy is a small, predominantly German-speaking region in eastern Belgium.

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European theatre of World War I

Although considerable conflict took place outside Europe, the European theatre (also known as the First European War) was the main theatre of operations during World War I and was where the war began and ended.

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Evacuation of La Romana's division

The Evacuation of La Romana's division in August 1808 was a military operation in which a division of troops belonging to the Kingdom of Spain and commanded by Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of la Romana defected from the armies of the First French Empire.

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Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony

The Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony (Evangelische Kirche der Kirchenprovinz Sachsen; KPS) was the most important Protestant denomination in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover

The Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover (Evangelisch-lutherische Landeskirche Hannovers) is a Lutheran church body (Landeskirche) in the German state of Lower Saxony and the city of Bremerhaven covering the territory of the former Kingdom of Hanover.

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Ewald Georg von Kleist

Ewald Georg von Kleist (10 June 1700 – 11 December 1748) was a German jurist, Lutheran cleric, and physicist.

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Ewald Munschke

Ewald Munschke (born and died Berlin: 20 March 1901 – 21 October 1981) was a General in the East German quasi-military Kasernierte Volkspolizei (''People's Police in Barracks'') and subsequently one of the creators of the National People's Army.

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Ewald von Lochow

Ewald von Lochow (1 April 1855 in Petkus – 11 April 1942 in Berlin-Charlottenburg) was a Prussian officer and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves.

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Expédition de Sardaigne

The Expédition de Sardaigne (Expedition to Sardinia) was a short military campaign fought in 1793 in the Mediterranean Sea in the first year of the War of the First Coalition, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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F. W. Kickbusch

Frederick W. Kickbusch (sometimes misspelled Kickbush) (January 25, 1841 - September 12, 1907) was an American lumberman and firefighter from Wausau who served one term as an Independent Greenbacker member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Marathon County.

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Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken

Prince Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken (Фабиан Вильгельмович Остен-Сакен) (20 October 1752 – 7 September 1837) was a Baltic-German Field Marshal who led the Russian army against the Duchy of Warsaw and later governed Paris during the city's brief occupation by the anti-French coalition.

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Fading Voices

"Fading Voices" (Polish: "Milknące głosy") is an 1883 short story by the Polish writer Bolesław Prus, the leading representative of Realism in 19th-century Polish literature.

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Falk Laws

The Falk Laws, named after education minister Adalbert Falk, (or the May Laws) of 1873-1875 were legislative bills enacted in the German Kingdom of Prussia during the Kulturkampf conflict with the Catholic Church.

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Fall of Eagles

Fall of Eagles is a 13-part British television drama aired by the BBC in 1974.

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False titles of nobility

False titles of nobility are claimed titles of social rank that have been fabricated or assumed by an individual or family without recognition by the current or past government of a country in which titles of nobility exist or once existed.

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Félix Fuchs

Félix Alexandre Fuchs (1858–1928) was a Belgian colonial civil servant and lawyer who served as Governor-General of the Belgian Congo between 1912 and 1915.

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February 10

No description.

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Federal Foreign Office

The Federal Foreign Office (German), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union.

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Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)

The Federal Ministry of Defence (Bundesministerium der Verteidigung), abbreviated BMVg, is a top-level federal agency, headed by the Federal Minister of Defence as a member of the Cabinet of Germany.

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Federal prince

Federal prince (Bundesfürsten, "Princes of the Federation") was the generic term for the royal heads of state (monarchs) of the various states making up the German Empire, with the exception of the states that were republics and Alsace-Lorraine which had a special status.

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Federal territory

A federal territory is an area under the direct and usually exclusive jurisdiction of a federation's central or national government.

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Feenmärchen waltz

Feenmärchen (Fairy-tales) waltz op.

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Fehmarn

Fehmarn (Femern) is an island on, since 2003, a town on the island in the Baltic Sea, off the eastern coast of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and c. 18 kilometers south of the Danish island of Lolland.

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Feldgendarmerie

The Feldgendarmerie were the gendarmerie; a type of military police units of the armies of the Kingdom of Saxony (from 1810), the German Empire and the Third Reich until the conclusion of World War II.

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Feliks Łubieński

Feliks Walezjusz Władysław Łubieński (born 22 November 1758 Minoga near Olkusz, died 2 October 1848 Guzów) was a Polish politician, jurist, Minister of Justice in the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, starosta of Nakieł, a member of the Friends of the Constitution and a Prussian count.

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Feliks Sypniewski

Feliks Sypniewski (1830–1903) was a Polish painter and artist who painted mostly historic battle scenes drawn from the borderlands of Poland and Germany, and his most favourite animal - horses.

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Felix Hausdorff

Felix Hausdorff (November 8, 1868 – January 26, 1942) was a German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.

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Felix Klein

Christian Felix Klein (25 April 1849 – 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician and mathematics educator, known for his work with group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the associations between geometry and group theory.

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Felix Salm-Salm

Prince Felix Constantin Alexander Johann Nepomuk of Salm-Salm (25 December 1828 – 18 August 1870) was a Prussian military officer of princely birth and a soldier of fortune.

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Ferdinand Cohn

Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German biologist.

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Ferdinand Fabra

Ferdinand Fabra (8 October 1906 – 22 December 2007) was a German football manager.

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Ferdinand Gregorovius

Ferdinand Gregorovius (19 January 1821 Neidenburg, Kingdom of Prussia – 1 May 1891 Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a German historian who specialized in the medieval history of Rome.

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Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927.

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Ferdinand Lassalle

Ferdinand Lassalle (11 April 1825 – 31 August 1864), born as Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb Lassal and also known as Ferdinand Lassalle-Wolfson, was a German-Jewish jurist, philosopher, socialist, and political activist.

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Ferdinand Lelièvre

Ferdinand Lelièvre (7 November 1799 – 24 January 1885) was a French lawyer and colonial landowner who became Senator of the Algiers department of Algeria from 1876 to 1885.

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Ferdinand Minding

Ferdinand Minding (Фердинанд Готлибович Миндинг; &ndash) was a German-Russian mathematician known for his contributions to differential geometry.

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Ferdinand Schichau

Ferdinand Gottlob Schichau (30 January 1814 – 23 January 1896) was a German mechanical engineer and businessman.

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Ferdinand Tönnies

Ferdinand Tönnies (26 July 1855 – 9 April 1936) was a German sociologist and philosopher.

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Ferdinand von Arnim

Heinrich Ludwig Ferdinand von Arnim (15 September 1814 – 23 March 1866) was a German architect and watercolour-painter.

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Ferdinand von Bredow

Ferdinand von Bredow (16 May 1884, in Neuruppin – 30 June 1934, in Berlin) was a German Generalmajor and former head of the Abwehr (the military intelligence service) in the Reich Defence Ministry (Reichswehrministerium) and deputy defence minister in Kurt von Schleicher's short-lived cabinet (December 1932 - January 1933).

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Ferdinand von Richthofen

Baron Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen FRSFor HFRSE BGS (5 May 18336 October 1905), better known in English as was a German traveller, geographer, and scientist.

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Ferdinand von Schill

Ferdinand Baptista von Schill (6 January 1776 – 31 May 1809) was a Prussian Major who revolted unsuccessfully against French domination of Prussia in May 1809.

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Ferdinand, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Ferdinand Heinrich Friedrich (26 April 1783 - 24 March 1866) was a German nobleman and the last landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

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Feuchtwangen

Feuchtwangen is a city in Ansbach district in the administrative region of Middle Franconia in Bavaria, Germany.

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Finck von Finckenstein

Finck von Finckenstein is a noble family classified as Uradel (German for 'ancient nobility').

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First aid

First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.

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First French Empire

The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

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First League of Armed Neutrality

The first League of Armed Neutrality was an alliance of European naval powers between 1780 and 1783 which was intended to protect neutral shipping against the Royal Navy's wartime policy of unlimited search of neutral shipping for French contraband.

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First Partition of Poland

The First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.

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First Schleswig War

The First Schleswig War (Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg) or Three Years' War (Treårskrigen) was the first round of military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.

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First Silesian War

The First Silesian War was a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession.

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Fiszewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Fiszewo (Fischau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gronowo Elbląskie, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Flag of Brandenburg

The flag of Brandenburg is a horizontal bi-color of red over white, with the arms of the state (land), in the center.

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Flag of Germany

The flag of Germany or German Flag (Flagge Deutschlands) is a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal bands displaying the national colours of Germany: black, red, and gold (Schwarz-Rot-Gold).

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Flag of Poland

The flag of Poland consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper one white and the lower one red.

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Flag of Prussia

The state of Prussia had its origins in the separate lands of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and of the Duchy of Prussia.

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Flags of the Confederate States of America

Three successive designs served as the official national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Confederate States" or the "Confederacy") during its existence from 1861 to 1865.

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Flüchtlingspolitik (German Refugee Policies)

The term Flüchtlingspolitik, refers to the legal provisions and the handling of refugees and asylum seekers wanting to enter a country, and/or subsequently staying there for a long period of time.

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Flensburg

Flensburg (Danish, Low Saxon: Flensborg; North Frisian: Flansborj; South Jutlandic: Flensborre) is an independent town (kreisfreie Stadt) in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.

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Flensburg–Husum–Tönning Railway Company

The Flensburg–Husum–Tönning Railway Company built the first railway line in the Duchy of Schleswig.

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Forcade

Forcade (de), also written Fourcade (de), Forcada (de), Forquade (de), Forquada (de), Forcade (de la), Fourcade (de la), Laforcade (de) and Lafourcade (de) belongs to the nobility of GuyenneChaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 310 and Gascony,Chaix d'Est-Ange (1922), Tome 18, p. 313 in France, and of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Foreign Enlistment Act 1870

The Foreign Enlistment Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c.90) is an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that seeks to regulate mercenary activities of British citizens.

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Foreign policy of the Russian Empire

The Foreign policy of the Russian Empire covers Russian foreign relations down to 1917.

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Foreign relations of Germany

The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) is a Central European country and member of the European Union, G4, G8, the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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Former countries in Europe after 1815

This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day.

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Former eastern territories of Germany

The former eastern territories of Germany (Ehemalige deutsche Ostgebiete) are those provinces or regions east of the current eastern border of Germany (the Oder–Neisse line) which were lost by Germany after World War I and then World War II.

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Forst (Lausitz)

Forst (Lausitz) (Baršć) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Fort Srebrna Góra

Fort Srebrna Góra or Srebrnogórska Fortress (Festung Silberberg, lit. Silver Mountain Fort) is a former military fort, now a monument and a museum, located in the town of Srebrna Góra (lit. Silver Mountain), Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Fort VII

Fort VII, officially Konzentrationslager Posen (renamed later), was a Nazi German death camp set up in Poznań in German-occupied Poland during World War II, located in one of the 19th-century forts circling the city.

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Fort Winiary

Fort Winiary was part of Festung Posen ("Fortress Poznań"), a system of defensive fortifications around the Polish city of Poznań.

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Fortress of Luxembourg

The Fortress of Luxembourg refers to the former fortifications of Luxembourg City, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which were mostly dismantled in 1867.

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Fortresses of the German Confederation

Under the term of the 1815 Peace of Paris, France was obliged to pay for the construction of a line of fortresses to protect the German Confederation against any future aggression by France.

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Founding Fathers of the United States

The Founding Fathers of the United States led the American Revolution against the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Four Kings' Alliance

The Four Kings' Alliance of February 27, 1850, was an alliance between Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and Württemberg.

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Fourcade

Fourcade may refer to.

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François Achille Bazaine

François Achille Bazaine (13 February 181123 September 1888) was an officer of the French army.

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François Antoine Louis Bourcier

François Antoine Louis Bourcier was a French cavalry officer and divisional general of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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France in the American Revolutionary War

French involvement in the American Revolutionary War began in 1775, when France, a rival of the British Empire, secretly shipped supplies to the Continental Army.

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France–Poland relations

Polish–French relations date back several centuries, although they really only became relevant in the times of the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon I. Poles were allies of Napoleon; a large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period.

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France–Russia relations

France–Russia relations (Российско-французские отношения, Rossiysko-frantsuzskiye otnosheniya) date back to the early modern period.

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France–United States relations

French–American relations refers to the relations between France and the United States since 1776.

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Francesco Palmieri (poet)

Francesco Palmieri (Pisa, 4 April 1659Crescimbeni, Giovanni Mario., Volume 2, pp 129–133 – Hanover, 7 October 1701) was an Italian poet and musician.

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Francis de Rottenburg

Major-General Francis de Rottenburg, baron de Rottenburg (4 November 1757 – 24 April 1832) was a military officer and colonial administrator who served in the armies of the Kingdom of France and later the United Kingdom.

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Francis Funk

Francis Funk or Franz Funk was a lawyer, politician, sheriff and military officer of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

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Francis Hoffmann

Francis Arnold Hoffmann (June 5, 1822 – January 23, 1903) was a Lutheran clergyman, politician and writer.

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Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis II (Franz; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.

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Francis Lieber

Francis Lieber (March 18, 1798 or 1800 – October 2, 1872), known as Franz Lieber in Germany, was a German-American jurist, gymnast and political philosopher.

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Franciszek Brodniewicz

Franciszek Brodniewicz (29 November 1892 in Kwilcz – 17 August 1944 in Warsaw) was a Polish actor.

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Franciszek Fornalski

Franciszek Fornalski (1781-1863) was a Polish soldier during Napoleonic Wars, chevalier of French Legion d'honneur and Polish Virtuti Militari.

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Franciszek Trąbalski

Franciszek Trąbalski (October 10, 1870, Czempiń – July 26, 1964) was a Polish socialist politician and a longtime member of Polish Socialist Party (PPS).

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Franco-Persian alliance

A Franco-Persian alliance or Franco-Iranian alliance was formed for a short period between the French Empire of Napoleon I and Fath Ali Shah against Russia and Great Britain between 1807 and 1809.

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Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, Guerre franco-allemande), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1871) or in Germany as 70/71, was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Franconian Circle

The Franconian Circle (Fränkischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle established in 1500 in the centre of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Frank Finkel

Frank Finkel (January 29, 1854 – August 28, 1930) was an American who rose to prominence late in his life and after his death for his claims to being the only survivor of George Armstrong Custer's famed "Last Stand" at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876.

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Frankfurt

Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.

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Frankfurt (Oder)

Frankfurt (Oder) (also Frankfurt an der Oder, abbreviated Frankfurt a. d. Oder, Frankfurt a. d. O., Frankf., 'Frankfurt on the Oder') is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River, on the German-Polish border directly opposite the town of Słubice, which was part of Frankfurt until 1945.

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Frankfurt City Link Line

The Frankfurt City Link Line (Städtische Verbindungsbahn, commonly just called the Verbindungsbahn) in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, emerged in the 19th century as a link line between Frankfurt's western stations at the Gallustor and the Frankfurt-Hanau railway in the east of the city.

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Frankfurt Constitution

The Frankfurt Constitution (Frankfurter Reichsverfassung, FRV) or Constitution of St.

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Frantisek Kotzwara

František Kočvara, known later in England as Frantisek Kotzwara (1730 – September 2, 1791), was a Czech violist, virtuoso double bassist and composer.

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Franz Brandt

Leutnant Franz Brandt (13 February 1893 – 1954) was a German World War I flying ace credited with ten confirmed aerial victories, as well as three unconfirmed claims.

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Franz Brentano

Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Brentano (16 January 1838 – 17 March 1917) was an influential German philosopher, psychologist, and priest whose work strongly influenced not only students Edmund Husserl, Sigmund Freud, Tomáš Masaryk, Rudolf Steiner, Alexius Meinong, Carl Stumpf, Anton Marty, Kazimierz Twardowski, and Christian von Ehrenfels, but many others whose work would follow and make use of his original ideas and concepts.

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Franz Egon von Fürstenberg (1737–1825)

Franz Egon Freiherr von Fürstenberg (10 May 1737, Schloss Herdringen, near Arnsberg - 11 August 1825, Hildesheim) was a German Roman Catholic clergyman.

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Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt

Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt (1812–1864) was a German missionary and linguist who worked in southern Africa, now in the region of Namibia.

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Franz Heinrich Schwechten

Franz Heinrich Schwechten (12 August 1841 – 11 August 1924) was one of the most famous German architects of the Wilhelmine era, and contributed to the development of historicist architecture.

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Franz Iffland

Franz Iffland (1862–1935) was a German sculptor and painter who worked during the late 19th and early 20th century.

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Franz Jakubowski

Franz Jakubowski (10 June 1912, Posen, Province of Posen, Prussia, Germany, now Poznan, Poland1970, U.S.) was a Western Marxist theorist.

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Franz Joseph I of Austria

Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.

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Franz Joseph, Marquis de Lusignan

Franz Joseph, Marquis de Lusignan (23 June 1753 – 23 December 1832), a Spaniard, joined the Austrian army and fought against Prussian soldiers and Belgian rebels.

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Franz Kasimir von Kleist

Franz Kasimir von Kleist (25 January 1736 – 30 March 1808) was an infantry general of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Franz Lauska

Franz Seraphin Lauska (13 January 1764 – 18 April 1825), baptised as Franciscus Ignatius Joannes Nepomucensis Carolus Boromaeus,Anke Sieber: Franz Lauska (1764–1825).

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Franz Mertens

Franz Mertens (20 March 1840 – 5 March 1927) (also Franciszek Mertens) was a Polish mathematician.

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Franz Seldte

Franz Seldte (29 June 18821 April 1947) was co-founder of the German Stahlhelm paramilitary organization, a Nazi politician, and Minister for Labour of the German Reich from 1933 to 1945.

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Franz von Rintelen

Captain Franz Dagobert Johannes von Rintelen (19 August 1878 – 30 May 1949) was a German Naval Intelligence officer in the United States during World War I.

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Franz von Roggenbach

Franz von Roggenbach (23 March 1825 - 25 May 1907) was a leading Baden politician.

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Franz Waxman

Franz Waxman (né Wachsmann; 24 December 190624 February 1967) was a German and American composer of Jewish descent, known primarily for his work in the film music genre.

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Franz Xaver Gebauer

Franz Xaver Gebauer (c1784 — 13 December 1822), born in Prussian Silesia, was an organist, composer of church music, and choirmaster and music director of the Augustinian Church, Vienna.

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Französisches Gymnasium Berlin

The Französisches Gymnasium (Lycée français de Berlin) is a long-existing francophone gymnasium in Berlin, Germany.

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Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst

Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (8 August 1734 in Alt Stettin – 3 March 1793 in Luxembourg), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the last ruler of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst.

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Frederick Casimir Kettler

Frederick Casimir Kettler (German: Friedrich Casimir Kettler; 6 July 1650 – 22 January 1698) was Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1682 to 1698.

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Frederick Denkmann

Frederick Denkmann (April 8, 1822–March 2, 1905) was an American lumber baron based in Rock Island, Illinois.

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Frederick Eis

Frederick Eis (January 20, 1843 – May 5, 1926) was a German-born Catholic bishop in the United States.

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Frederick Fraske

Frederick (Fredrak) W. Fraske (March 8, 1872 – June 18, 1973) is believed to have been the last surviving veteran of the Indian Wars.

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Frederick I of Prussia

Frederick I (Friedrich I.) (11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia).

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Frederick I of Sweden

Frederick I (Fredrik I; 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751) was prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and (as Frederick I) also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730.

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Frederick III, German Emperor

Frederick III (Friedrich; 18 October 1831 – 15 June 1888) was German Emperor and King of Prussia for ninety-nine days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors.

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Frederick IV, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg

Frederick IV, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (Frederik Ernst Otto Philip Anton Furnibert; Paris, 14 December 1789 – Brussels, 14 August 1859) was the prince of Salm-Kyrburg, Ahaus and Bocholt from 1794 to 1813.

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Frederick Klaeber

Frederick J. Klaeber (born Friedrich J. Klaeber) (1 October 1863 – 4 October 1954) was a German philologist who was Professor of Old and Middle English at the University of Minnesota.

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Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen

Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (Friedrich Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen) (31 January 1746 –