German Genealogical Word List
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at woerterbuchnetz.de. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the Dutch Genealogical Word List useful when working with these records.
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.
Language Characteristics[edit | edit source]
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.
Variant Forms of Words[edit | edit source]
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).
Dialects[edit | edit source]
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum.
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: Low German Language in German Research, The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames, Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland.
Diacritic Marks[edit | edit source]
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß. It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.
From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations. Make sure the number lock is on.
Letter | Code | Letter | Code |
Ä | Alt + 142 | ä | Alt + 132 |
Ö | Alt + 153 | ö | Alt + 148 |
Ü | Alt + 154 | ü | Alt + 129 |
ß | Alt + 225 | ||
Ÿ | Alt + 376 | ÿ | Alt + 152 |
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters. Using the left Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter. For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on. For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.
Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]
German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.
Spelling[edit | edit source]
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:
- p used for b
- a used for e
- t used for d or dt
- s used for z
- ck used for k
- y used for i or j
- v used for w or f
- k used for g
- tz used for z
- ig used for isch or ich
- t used for th
- u used for i
Examples:
- Freytag for Freitag
- Burckhart for Burkhard
- Waldpurga for Waldburga
- undt for und
Transcription[edit | edit source]
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
- n transcribed u or w
- e transcribed n or r
- r transcribed s
- Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
- z transcribed g or y
Transliteration[edit | edit source]
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages. The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
- German s = Hungarian sz
- German sh = Hungarian s
- German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:
- Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).
- The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).
- Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms. German and Latin terms are included at this website.
- Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary") is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking here.
- Oeconomische Encyclopädie online Encyclopedia of archaic German terms (German to German).
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.
For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at Germany Languages.
Key Words[edit | edit source]
To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find German words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in German records to indicate marriage.
English | German |
birth | Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren |
burial | Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt |
Catholic | katholisch |
census | Volkszählung |
child | Kind, Kinder |
christening | Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte |
confirmations | Konfirmationen, Firmungen |
civil registry | Standesamt |
death | Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall |
father | Vater |
husband | Mann, Ehemann, Gatte |
index | Verzeichnis, Register |
Jewish | jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch |
marriage banns | Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen |
marriage | Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen |
month | Monat |
mother | Mutter |
name, given | Vorname, Name |
name, surname | Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name |
parents | Eltern |
parish | Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde |
Protestant | evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant |
Reformed | reformiert |
wife | Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin |
year | Jahr |
Dates/Time[edit | edit source]
In German records, dates are often written out. For example:
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.
Months[edit | edit source]
English | German |
January | Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner |
February | Februar, Hornung |
March | März, Frühlingsmonat |
April | April, Ostermonat, Osteren |
May | Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat |
June | Juni, Brachmonat |
July | Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet |
August | August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat |
September | September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris |
October | Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris |
November | November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris |
December | Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris |
A more extensive list of month names in German.
Days of the Week[edit | edit source]
English | German | |
Sunday | Sonntag | |
Monday | Montag | |
Tuesday | Dienstag | |
Wednesday | Mittwoch | |
Thursday | Donnerstag | |
Friday | Freitag, Freytag | |
Saturday | Samstag, Sonnabend |
See also:
Times of the Day[edit | edit source]
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
German | English |
ein Uhr | one (o’clock) |
zwei Uhr | two (o’clock) |
drei Uhr | three (o’clock) |
halb eins | half one = 12:30 |
halb zwei | half two = 1:30 |
halbe Stunde | half hour |
Stunde | hour |
früh | early (a.m.) |
spät | late (p.m.) |
morgens | in the morning |
vormittags | in the forenoon |
mittags | at noon |
nachmittags | in the afternoon |
abends | in the evening |
mitternachts | at midnight |
Diesen tag | this (very) day, today |
Symbols[edit | edit source]
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs.
Occupations[edit | edit source]
- German Occupations Vocabulary handout
- Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren In German.
An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.
Hint: Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
Medical Terminology[edit | edit source]
- Illnesses Vocabulary handout
- German Medical Terminology - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
Numbers[edit | edit source]
Number | Cardinal (English) | Cardinal (German) | Ordinal (German) |
1 | one | eins | erste |
2 | two | zwei zweÿ |
zweite |
3 | three | drei dreÿ |
dritte |
4 | four | vier | vierte |
5 | five | fünf | fünfte |
6 | six | sechs | sechste |
7 | seven | sieben | siebte |
8 | eight | acht | achte |
9 | nine | neun | neunte |
10 | ten | zehn | zehnte |
11 | eleven | elf eilf |
elfte eilfte |
12 | twelve | zwölf | zwölfte |
13 | thirteen | dreizehn | dreizehnte |
14 | fourteen | vierzehn | vierzehnte |
15 | fifteen | fünfzehn | fünfzehnte |
16 | sixteen | sechzehn | sechzehnte |
17 | seventeen | siebzehn | siebzehnte |
18 | eighteen | achtzehn | achtzehnte |
19 | nineteen | neunzehn | neunzehnte |
20 | twenty | zwanzig | zwanzigste |
21 | twenty-one | einundzwanzig | einundzwanzigste |
22 | twenty-two | zweiundzwanzig | zweiundzwanzigste |
23 | twenty-three | dreiundzwanzig | dreiundzwanzigste |
24 | twenty-four | vierundzwanzig | vierundzwanzigste |
25 | twenty-five | fünfundzwanzig | fünfundzwanzigste |
26 | twenty-six | sechsundzwanzig | sechsundzwanzigste |
27 | twenty-seven | siebenundzwanzig | siebenundzwanzigste |
28 | twenty-eight | achtundzwanzig | achtundzwanzigste |
29 | twenty-nine | neunundzwanzig | neunundzwanzigste |
30 | thirty | dreißig | dreißigste |
31 | thirty-one | einunddreißig | einunddreißigste |
40 | forty | vierzig | vierzigste |
50 | fifty | fünfzig | fünfzigste |
60 | sixty | sechzig | sechzigste |
70 | seventy | siebzig | siebzigste |
80 | eighty | achtzig | achtzigste |
90 | ninety | neunzig | neunzigste |
100 | one hundred | (ein)hundert | (ein)hundertste |
101 | one hundred (and) one | (ein)hunderteins | (ein)hunderterste |
102 | one hundred (and) two | (ein)hundertzwei | (ein)hundertzweite |
120 | one hundred (and) twenty | (ein)hundertzwanzig | (ein)hundertzwanzigste |
121 | one hundred (and) twenty-one | (ein)hunderteinundzwanzig | (ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste |
122 | one hundred (and) twenty-two | (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig | (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste |
200 | two hundred | zweihundert | zweihundertste |
300 | three hundred | dreihundert | dreihundertste |
1.000 | one thousand | (ein)tausend | (ein)tausendste |
1.001 | one thousand (and) one | (ein)tausendeins | (ein)tausenderste |
1.002 | one thousand (and) two | (ein)tausendzwei | (ein)tausendzweite |
1.050 | one thousand (and) fifty | (ein)tausendfünfzig | (ein)tausendfünfzigste |
1.100 | one thousand (and) one hundred eleven hundred |
(ein)tausendeinhundert | (ein)tausendeinhundertste |
1.500 1500 |
one thousand (and) five hundred fifteen hundred |
(ein)tausendfünfhundert fünfzehnhundert Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century) |
(ein)tausendfünfhundertste fünfzehnhundertste |
1.600 1600 |
one thousand (and) six hundred sixteen hundred |
(ein)tausendsechshundert sechzehnhundert Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century) |
(ein)tausendsechshundertste sechzehnhundertste |
1.700 1700 |
one thousand (and) seven hundred seventeen hundred |
(ein)tausendsiebenhundert siebzehnhundert Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century) |
(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste siebzehnhundertste |
1.800 1800 |
one thousand (and) eight hundred eighteen hundred |
(ein)tausendachthundert achtzehnhundert Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century) |
(ein)tausendachthundertste achtzehnhundertste |
1.865 1865 |
one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five eighteen sixty-five |
(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents) |
(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste |
1.900 1900 |
one thousand (and) nine hundred nineteen hundred |
(ein)tausendneunhundert neunzehnhundert Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century) |
(ein)tausendneunhundertste neunzehnhundertste |
2.000 2000 |
two thousand | zweitausend zwanzighundert Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century) |
zweitausendste zwanzighundertste |
10.000 | ten thousand | zehntausend | zehntausendste |
100.000 | one hundred thousand | hunderttausend | hunderttausendste |
1.000.000 | one million | eine Million | millionste |
1.000.000.000 | one billion | eine Millarde | milliardste |
Types of Farmers[edit | edit source]
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.
German | English |
Abbauer | farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son |
Abnahmemann | retired farmer living on a life estate |
Abschiedsmann | retired farmer living on a life estate |
Achtelbauer | farmer with 1/8 farm |
Achtelhüfner | farmer with 1/8 farm |
Achtermann | farmer on a farm behind one's own |
Ackerbauer | farmer |
Ackerbürger | farmer |
Ackerer | farmer |
Ackerknecht | farmhand |
Ackersmann | farmer |
Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth | farmer |
Altbauer | old, established farmer, possibly retired |
Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger | retired farmer |
Altenteilerin | retired farmer's wife |
Althufner, Althüfner | retired farmer |
Altsitzer(in) | retired farmer |
Amtsmeier | farmer with a large estate and special rights |
Anbauer | small farmer |
Anspänner | farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon |
Aröder | new settler on farmland belonging to an estate |
Artmann | farmer |
Artmeier | farmer |
Auenhäusler | cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock |
Ausdinger | retired farmer |
Auszügler | retired farmer |
Bäuerle, Bauerli | farmer (Swiss) |
Bauer | peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm |
Bauernknecht | farmhand |
Bauknecht | farmhand |
Baumann | farmer, can also be a builder |
Beerbter | farmer with an inheritable lease |
Behandinge | feudal tenure on a farm |
Beibauer | farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges |
Beisasse | landless renter without citizen rights in the community |
Beiwohner | rental inhabitant without citizenship |
Beständer | farmer on a small farm |
Bestanderlasser | landlord over a small farm |
Bestandwirt | farmer leasing farm land |
Bödener | cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock |
Bolsmann, Bohlsmann | farmer with a full-sized farm |
Brinker | cottager, see Brinksitzer |
Brinkkötter | cottager, see Brinksitzer |
Brinklieger | cottager, see Brinksitzer |
Brinkmann | cottager, see Brinksitzer |
Brinksitzer | cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts |
Büdner | cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop |
Buhmann, Bumann | farmer |
Buschpächter | tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania) |
Chalupner, Challupner | small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records] |
Dotale, Dotalbauer | farmer who leases church-income property |
Eigengärtner | cottager with a garden of his own |
Eigenkäthner | cottager with a garden of his own |
Eigenkötter | cottager with a garden of his own |
Einlieger | free agricultural laborer |
Einspänner | farmer with one horse |
Erbbauer | farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights |
Erbpächter | farmer with a hereditary land lease |
Exner | poorer farmer who used oxen |
Feuerstättler | cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace) |
Freibauer | free farmer with only small rent payments |
Freigärtner | free farmer |
Fröhner | subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system) |
Gärtner | farmer |
Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner | farmer who leases a standard-sized farm |
Gesinde | male or female hired help on a farm |
Häker, Häcker | small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations |
Halblechner, Halblehner | farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm |
Heuerling | day laborer |
Hofer | farmer |
Hofgänger | farmhand |
Hofmann | farmer |
Hofstädtler | farmer |
Hofwirth | farmer |
Hoppenplöcker | farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe) |
Hortulanus | farmer (Latin) |
Huber | farmer |
Hübler | farmer; expression comes from “Hube” |
Hüttler, Hitler | cottager |
Inlieger | tenant farmer |
Inste, Instmann | tenant farmer |
Interimswirt, Interimswirth | farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress |
Kätner, Käthner, Köthner | cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock |
Kampheuerling | tenant of a farm belonging to nobility |
Kirchdotale | farmer who leases church-income property |
Kitzmann | rents from a farmer |
Knecht | farmhand |
Kölmer | farmer who is "half free" |
Köter, Kötter | cottager |
Kolon | farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe |
Kolonist | new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers |
Kolupner | cottager; see Chal(l)upner |
Kossate, Kossäth | cottager |
Kotsass, Kotasse | cottager |
Landmann | farmer |
Lehner | farmer who leases a farm |
Magd | female helper on a farm |
Meyer | farmer, farm overseer, manager |
Ochsner | poorer farmer who used oxen |
Ökonom | farmer |
Pachtbauer | farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease) |
Päger | farmer who ploughs with horses |
Pfarrdotale | farmer who leases church-income property |
Robotgärtner | unfree farmer/farm laborer |
Rössner | farmer who ploughed with horses |
Scharknecht | farmhand |
Söldner | farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier |
Strassenkötter | cottager living by a road |
Tagelöhner | day laborer |
Tagner | day laborer |
Tauner, Thauner | day laborer |
Viertelbauer | farmer on 1/4 farm |
Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner | farmer on 1/4 farm |
Viertellehner | farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm |
Vollbauer | farmer on a full-sized farm |
Voll-lehner, Volllehner | farmer who leases a full farm |
Vollmaier | farmer on a full-sized farm |
Vollspänner | farmer on a full-sized farm |
Weingärtner | wine grower |
Weingartknecht | farmhand in a vineyard |
Weinzettel | farmhand in a vineyard |
Widumer | farmer settled on church property |
Winzer | wine grower |
Wirt, Wirth | farmer |
Zettelmann | farmhand |
Zweispänner | farmer who owns two draft animals |
General Word List[edit | edit source]
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
A[edit | edit source]
German | English |
A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk | government office, official district |
Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e) | surface mine(s) |
Abt. = Abteilung | department |
a/d = an der, auf der | on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature) |
A.G. = Amtsgericht | lower court district, county court district |
Anh. = Anhalt | duchy of Anhalt |
ab | from, since |
Abbauer | tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son) |
Abdecker | skinner |
Abend | evening |
Abendmahlgast | communicant |
abends | in the evening |
Abenteurer | jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer |
aber | but |
abgestorben | deceased |
Ablader | longshoreman |
Abnahmemann | retired farmer on life estate |
Abnehmer | photographer |
Abschiedsmann | man retired on life estate |
absterben | to die, to die off |
Abstreifer | renderer; flayer |
Abzehrung | emaciation, wasting |
acht | eight |
achte | eighth |
Achter | juryman |
achtundzwanzigste | twenty-eighth |
achtzehn | eighteen |
achtzehnhundert | eighteen hundred |
achtzehnte | eighteenth |
achtzig | eighty |
achtzigste | eightieth |
Ackermann | farmer |
Adel | gentry, nobleman |
a.D. = außer Dienst | formerly employed, retired |
adoptiert | adopted |
Ahnen | ancestors |
Ahnentafel | pedigree chart |
Akten | documents |
alle | all |
allhier | in this place |
alt | old |
Altbürger | full citizen |
Alter | age |
Altersschwäche | weakness of old age |
ältest | eldest |
alt-katholisch | old Catholic |
Amman | bailiff, magistrate |
Amt | office, district |
Anbauer | peasant |
andere | other, next |
Angeber | informant |
angeblich | alleged, assumed |
angeheiratet | related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter) |
Anhalt | duchy of Anhalt |
Anmerkungen | remarks |
Ansiedler | settler |
Anspänner | farmer |
Anzeigender | informant |
apostolisch | Apostolic |
April | April |
Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann | laborer, worker |
Arbeitsbuch | employment record book |
Archiv | archive |
arm | poor |
Armut | poverty |
Arzt | physician |
auch | also, too |
auf | on, upon, at |
aufbieten | post banns |
Aufenthaltserlaubnis | residence permit |
Aufenthaltsort | residence |
Aufgebot | publication of banns |
Aufnahmebuch | book listing debts |
Aufnahmeland | country to which one immigrated |
August | August |
aus | from, out of |
außen | outside |
äußere | outside, outward, external |
außerehelich | illegitimate |
Auswanderer | emigrant |
Auswanderung | emigration |
Ausweis | identification document |
Auszehrung | consumption or emaciation (especially from TB) |
Auszug | extract |
Words starting with: |
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B[edit | edit source]
German | English |
B. = Bezirk | district or area |
BA. = Bezirksamt | district office |
Bay. = Bayern | Bavaria |
Bd. = Band | volume |
Bhf. = Bahnhof | railroad station |
Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando | military district command |
bz. = beziehungsweise | or, respectively |
Bäcker | baker |
Bad | spa, resort |
Badeort | spa, health resort |
Bader | physician of the lower classes |
Band | volume |
Baptist | Baptist |
Baron | baron |
Bauer | farmer, peasant |
Bayern | Bavaria |
Beamter | official, registrar |
Beck(er) | baker |
beerdigt | buried |
Beerdigung | burial, interment |
beglaubigt | certified, attested |
begraben | buried |
Begräbnis | burial |
bei | at, in, by |
Beichte | confession |
beide | both |
Beilage | supplement |
Bekannte(r) | acquaintance |
Bekehrung | conversion |
Beklagter(in) | defendant |
Belege | proof, documentation |
Bemerkungen | remarks |
Berg | hill, mountain |
Bergmann | miner |
Beruf | occupation, profession |
Beschreibung | description |
Besitzer | possessor, proprietor, owner |
Bestandmüller | mill tenant |
bestätigt | confirmed, verified |
bestattet | buried |
bettlägerig | bedridden |
Bettler | beggar |
Bevölkerungsregister | population register |
bevorstehend | previously mentioned |
Bezirk | district |
Biographie | biography |
Bischof | bishop |
Bistum | diocese |
Blattern | smallpox |
blutend | bleeding |
Blütenmonat | May |
Blutsverwandschaft | blood relationship |
Böhmen | Bohemia |
Bootsmann | bargeman, boatman |
Böttcher | cooper, barrel maker |
Brauer | brewer |
Bräune | diphtheria |
Braut | bride |
Bräutigam | bridegroom |
Brücke | bridge |
Bruder | brother |
Bub | boy |
Buch | book |
Büdner | cottager |
Burg | castle, fortress |
Bürger | burgher, citizen, citizens |
Bürgerbuch | citizen register |
Bürgermeister | mayor |
Büroangestellte | office worker, clerk, white-collar worker |
Bursch, Pursch | young man |
Büttner | barrel maker |
Words starting with: |
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C[edit | edit source]
German | English |
ca. = circa | about |
Chirug | surgeon |
Christmonat | December |
Colonist | settler, tenant farmer |
Comparent | informant |
copulieren | to marry |
Cossate, Cossathe | cottager |
cribrarius | sieve maker (Latin) |
Words starting with: |
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D[edit | edit source]
German | English |
d. = der, dem, des, die, das | the |
D. = Dorf | village |
das. = daselbst | residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place |
Dachdecker | roofer |
dahier | here |
dänisch | Danish |
das | the |
daselbst | residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place |
Datum | date |
Dekanat | deanery |
dem, den | the |
der | the, of the |
derselbe | the same |
des | of the |
deutsch | German |
Deutschland | Germany |
Dezember | December |
die | the |
Diener | servant |
Dienst | service, employment |
Dienstag | Tuesday |
Dienstbotin | servant (girl) |
Dienstmagd | servant girl |
dieser | this, these |
dimittiert, dimittirt | dismissed (in order to be married in another parish) |
Dispensation(en) | dispensation(s), special permission |
Distrikt | district |
Domäne | domain |
Dominikalist | a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant |
Donnerstag | Thursday |
Dorf | village |
dort | there |
drei | three |
dreißig | thirty |
dreißigste | thirtieth |
dreiundzwanzigste | twenty-third |
dreizehn | thirteen |
dreizehnte | thirteenth |
dritte | third |
Duplikat | duplicate record |
durch | through |
Durchfall | diarrhea |
Words starting with: |
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E[edit | edit source]
German | English |
E. = Einwohner | residents, population |
ehrngeachte | honorable |
Eis. = Eisenbahn | railroad, train |
Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch | Evangelical (Lutheran) |
ebenda | at the same place |
Ehe | marriage |
Ehebrecher | adulterer |
Ehebruch | adultery |
Ehefrau | wife, housewife |
Ehehindernis | hinderance to marriage |
ehel. = ehelich | legitimate |
eheleiblich | legitimate |
Eheleute | married couple |
ehelich | legitimate |
ehemals | formerly |
Ehemann | husband |
Ehepaar | married couple |
Ehescheidung | divorce |
Eheschließung | marriage |
Ehestand | married state |
Eheverkündigungen | marriage banns |
Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch | betrothal, engagement |
Eidam (Eidmann) | son-in-law |
Eigentümer | proprietor, property owner |
ein, eine | a, one, an |
Einbürgerung | naturalization |
Einlieger | landless farm laborer |
eins | one |
Einsender | informant, declarant |
eintausendachthundert | eighteen hundred |
eintausendfünfhundert | fifteen hundred |
eintausendneunhundert | nineteen hundred |
eintausendsechshundert | sixteen hundred |
eintausendsiebenhundert | seventeen hundred |
einunddreissig | thirty-one |
einunddreissigste | thirty-first |
einundzwanzigste | twenty-first |
Einwanderer | immigrant |
Einwanderung | immigration |
einwilligend | consenting, in agreement with, approving of |
Einwilligung | permission |
Einwohner | inhabitant |
einzige | only |
Eisenbahn | railroad |
Eiterbeule | abscess |
elf | eleven |
elfte | eleventh |
Eltern | parents |
Enkel | grandson |
Enkelin | granddaughter |
Enkelkind | grandchild |
eod(em) | the same, ditto |
Epilepsie | epilepsy |
er | he |
Erben | heirs |
Erbschaft | inheritance |
erhalten | received, receive |
erklärt | declared |
Erlassung | dispensation, permission |
Ermächtigung | authorization |
Ernting | August |
errechnet | approximated, calculated |
erschien | appeared |
erste | first |
erstgeboren | firstborn |
Erstkommunikant | someone receiving First Communion for the first time |
ertrank, ertrunken | drowned |
erzeugen | beget |
erzeugt | begat |
es | it |
et uxor | and wife (Latin) |
evangelisch | evangelical |
Words starting with: |
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F[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Fabrikant | manufacturer |
Fabrikarbeiter | factory worker |
Fallkind | illegitimate childen |
Familiant | entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish) |
Familie | family |
Familienbuch | family register |
Familienforschung | genealogical research |
Familienregister | family register |
Färber | dyer |
Faßbinder | cooper, barrel maker |
Fäule | cancer |
Fayencenhändler | porcelain merchant |
Februar | February |
Fehlgeburt | miscarriage |
Festtag | feast day, festival day, holy day |
Festung | fortress |
Fieber | fever |
Findling | foundling |
Firmung | confirmation |
Fischer | fisher |
Fl. = Florin | standard monetary unit |
Flecken | hamlet, also measles or spots |
Fleckfieber | spotted fever, typhus |
Fleischer | butcher |
Fleischhauer | butcher |
Flüchtling | refugee, deserter |
Fluß | river |
folgende | following, next |
Forst | forest |
Förster | forester |
Fourier | quartermaster |
Fraisen | convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms |
Frankreich | France |
Frau | Mrs., wife, woman |
Fräulein | Miss, unmarried woman |
Freibauer | farmer who owns his own land |
Freiherr | baron |
Freitag | Friday |
fremd | foreign, strange |
Freund | friend |
Friedhof | cemetery |
Friesel | prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria |
Friseur | hairdresser |
früh | early (a.m.) |
früher | former, formerly |
Frühgeburt | premature birth |
Frühkind | child born too soon after its parents married |
fünf | five |
Fuhrmann | wagoner |
fünfte | fifth |
fünfundzwanzigste | twenty-fifth |
fünfzehn | fifteen |
fünfzehnhundert | fifteen hundred |
fünfzehnte | fifteenth |
fünfzig | fifty |
fünfzigste | fiftieth |
für | for |
Fürst | prince, count |
Fürstentum | principality |
Words starting with: |
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G[edit | edit source]
German | English |
G. = Gericht | court |
geb. = geboren | born, maiden name |
Gem. = Gemeinde | community, municipality, parish, town |
gest. = gestorben | died |
get. = getauft | baptized, christened |
gez. = gezeichnet | signed |
Gr. = Groß | Great (part of place name) |
Gärtner | gardener |
Gastwirt | innkeeper |
Gatte | husband |
Gattin | wife |
geben, gab | given, gave |
Gebiet | region, area, zone |
geboren | born, maiden name |
Gebühren | fees |
Geburt | birth |
Geburtsort | place of birth |
Geburtsschein | birth certificate |
Geburtsurkunde | birth certificate |
gegen | against, towards |
(im) Gegenwart (der) | (in the) presence (of) |
gegenwärtig | currently |
geheiratet | married |
gehört | belongs (to) |
Geistliche(r) | clergyman |
Gelbsucht | jaundice |
Geld | money |
Gemahl(in) | spouse, husband, wife |
Gemeinde | community, municipality, parish, town |
Gemeindemann | village official, village resident |
Gemeindsmann | citizen with full rights |
gemelli | twins |
genannt | named, alias, called |
Genealogie | genealogy |
Gerber | tanner |
Gericht | court |
Gerichtsmann | juryman |
Gerichtsschöffe | member of the court |
Gerichtsschöppe | member of the court |
Gerichtsschreiber | court clerk |
Gerichtsverwandter | member of the judicial court |
gesagt | said, stated |
Geschichte | history |
geschieden | divorced |
Geschlecht | gender, sex, lineage |
Geschlechterbücher | lineage books |
Geschlechtsname | surname |
Geschwister | siblings, brothers and sisters |
Geschwisterkind | sibling's child (nephew, niece) |
Geschwulst | swelling, tumor |
Geselle | journeyman |
Gesellschaft | society, group |
Gesetz | law |
gesetzlich | legal |
gestern | yesterday |
gestorben | died |
Getaufte | person who was baptized |
getr. = getraut | married |
Getraute | married couple |
Gevatter | godfather |
Gewerbe | trade, occupation |
gewerblos | without occupation |
Gicht | gout, arthritis |
Gilde | guild |
Glaser | glazier |
Glasermeister | master glazier |
Glaube | belief, faith |
Glauben | religious affiliation |
gleich | same, alike, similar, right away |
Gode | godmother |
Graf | count (nobleman), earl |
Grafschaft | county |
Grenze | border |
groß | big, great, large |
Großeltern | grandparents |
großjährig | of age |
Großmutter | grandmother |
Großneffe | great-nephew |
Großnichte | great-niece |
Großvater | grandfather |
Grundbuch | land register |
Gulden | standard monetary unit, florin |
Gürtler | maker of straps and belts |
Gut | property, estate |
gut | good |
Gutsbesitzer | Estate Owner |
Gutsverwalter | Estate Manager |
Words starting with: |
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H[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Handzeichen | sign, symbol, mark |
Hann. = Hannover | Hanover |
Herrsch. = Herrschaft | manor, estate, domain |
herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich | (adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant) |
Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau | Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau |
hzl. = herzoglich | of the duke |
Hzt. = Herzogtum | duchy |
haben | to have |
halb | half |
halb drei | half three = 2:30 (time) |
halb eins | half one = 12:30 (time) |
halb zwei | half two = 1:30 (time) |
Halbbauer | small farmer |
Halbmeier | small farmer |
Halbzeugmacher | semi-finished product maker |
Hartung | January |
Händler | trader, merchant, peddler |
Haupt- | chief, main |
Haus | house |
Hausfrau | housewife |
Häusler | cottager |
Hausmädchen | housemaid |
Hebamme | midwife |
Heilquelle | spa, bath |
Heimat | home, native place, homeland |
Heimatschein, hmtsch | domicile or residency certificate |
Heimatsort | place of birth, home town |
Heirat | marriage |
heiraten | to marry |
Heiratsantrag | marriage intentions |
Heiratsbelege | marriage supplements |
Heiratskontrakt | marriage contracts |
Heiratsprotokolle | marriage records |
Heiratsschein | marriage certificate |
heißt | is named |
Hektar | hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres) |
Helfer | a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery |
Heraldik | heraldry |
Herkunftsort | place of origin |
Herr | Mister, Lord, lord |
Herrschaft | estate, dominion |
herrschaftlich | (adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant) |
Herzog | duke |
Herzogtum | duchy |
Hessische | Hessian |
Heuerling | dayworker, hireling |
Heuert, Heumonat | July |
heute | today |
hier | here |
hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen | local |
hiesiger Ort | this place |
Hilfsbahnwärter | railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman |
Hinterbliebene | survivors |
hinterlassen | surviving, left behind |
Hirt | herdsman |
hitziges Fieber | burning fever, high fever |
hoch | high |
Hochzeit | wedding |
Hof | courtyard, farm, yard, estate |
Hofprediger | chaplain |
Holländer | Dutchman, dairykeeper |
Hollandgänger | seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands |
Hornung | February |
Hüfner | farmer |
Hufschmied | farrier, blacksmith |
Hügel | hill |
hundert | hundred |
Hurenkind | illegitimate child |
Husten | cough |
Words starting with: |
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I[edit | edit source]
German | English |
ihr, ihr- | their, her |
im | in the |
im Leben | in life, while living |
immer | always |
in | in, at |
Inhalt | content(s) |
innerhalb | inside of |
Innung | guild |
Inspektor | inspector |
Instmann | tenant farmer |
ist | is |
itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund | now |
Words starting with: |
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J[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich) | emergency baptism (jach = suddenly) |
Jäger | hunter, rifleman in the military |
Jahr | year |
Jahrestag | anniversary |
Jahreszeit | season |
Jahrhundert | century |
jährlich | annual, yearly |
Jahrzehnt | decade |
Jänner | January |
Januar | January |
jeder (jede, jedes) | each, every |
Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer | maiden, virgin, unmarried woman |
Joe. | Latin abbreviation for Joannem |
jüdisch | Jewish |
Jugend | youth, adolescence |
Juli | July |
Julmonat | December |
jung | young |
Junge | a youth (male) |
Jungfrau, Jungfer | maiden, virgin, unmarried woman |
Junggeselle | bachelor |
Jüngling | bachelor, young man |
jüngsthin | recently (such as the last/recently passed month) |
Juni | June |
Justmann | tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann) |
Words starting with: |
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K[edit | edit source]
German | English |
K.K. = kaiserlich königlich | royal imperial |
Kaluppe, Kaluppner Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa Polish: chalupnik |
A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house. |
Kammerfrau | lady-in-waiting |
Kantor | choirmaster, organist |
Karpe | carpenter |
Karte | map |
Karrer | carter |
Kartei | card index |
Kassierer | cashier, collector |
Kathenmann, Katenmann | cottager |
Käthner, Kätner | cottager |
katholisch | Catholic |
kaufen | to buy |
Kaufmann | merchant |
kein | no, not any, none |
Keller | wine steward; cellar, basement |
Kellner | waiter, receiver of revenues; steward |
Kessler | kettlemaker |
Keuchhusten | whooping cough |
Kiefer | cooper, barrel maker |
Kind | baby |
Kindbetterin | woman in or shortly after childbirth |
Kindbettfieber | childbed fever |
Kinder | children |
Kirche | church |
Kirchenältester | churchwarden, church elder, vestryman |
Kirchenbuch | parish register |
Kirchengemeinde | parish |
Kirchenpfleger | churchwarden |
Kirchenrodel | parish register |
Kirchensprengel | parish |
Kirchenvorsteher | churchwarden |
Kirchhöre | church parish |
kirchlich | pertaining to church |
Kirchrat | member of a church council |
Kirchspiel | parish |
Kläger(in), Klr. | plaintiff |
klein | little |
Knabe | boy |
Knecht | servant |
Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern) | cottager |
Kolonist | settler, colonist, farmer |
Kommunikant | communicant |
Kommunion | communion |
Konfirmation | confirmation |
Konditormeister | master cake-maker |
Konfitenten | confessants |
König | king |
königlich | royal |
Königreich | kingdom |
Kooperator | non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor |
Kopulation | marriage |
kopulieren | to marry |
Kossat, Kossät, Kossath | cottager |
Kossattin | female cottager |
Kötter, Kötner, Köthner | small farmer, cottager |
Krämer | grocer, small retailer |
Krämpfe | cramps,, convulsions |
Krankheit | disease, sickness |
Krebs | cancer |
Kreis | county |
Krieg | war |
Kröger, Krogmann | innkeeper |
Küfer | cooper, barrel maker |
Kuhhirte | cowherd |
Kupferschmied | coppersmith |
Kurort | spa |
Kusine | female cousin |
Kutscher | coachman |
Words starting with: |
---|
L[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Land | land, country |
Landarbeiter | farmhand |
Landkarte | map |
Landwirt | farmer |
lassen | to let, leave, allow |
lebendig | living |
ledig | single, unmarried |
legitimiert | made legitimate, legitimized |
Lehrer | teacher |
Lehrling | apprentice |
Leiche | corpse, body |
Leichenpredigt | funeral sermon |
Leinenweber | linen weaver |
Lenz | spring (season) |
letzte Ölung | last rites, extreme unction |
letzte Salbung | last rites, extreme unction |
Letzter | latter, last |
letzter Wille | last will |
links | left |
Lippische Ziegler | migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark |
Lungenentzündung | pneumonia |
Lungenschwindsucht | consumption, tuberculosis |
lutherisch | Lutheran |
Words starting with: |
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M[edit | edit source]
German | English |
mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich | (adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia) |
Mädchen | girl |
Mädel | girl |
Magd | maiden, maid, servant girl |
Mägdlein | girl, little girl |
Mai | May |
Maler | painter |
Mann | husband, man |
männlich | male |
mannschaftlich | (adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia) |
Mariengroschen, Mgr. | Mariengroschen (German currency) |
Markt | market |
März | March |
Masern | measles |
Matrikel | register |
Matrose | Bluejacket, Sailor |
Maurer | mason |
Mautner | customs official |
Meister, -meister | master |
Mennoniten | Mennonites |
Messerschmied | cutler, knifesmith |
Metzger, Mezger | butcher |
Meubelfabrakant | furniture manufacturer |
Militär | military |
minderjährig | underaged, minor |
mit | with, via, by |
Mitglied | member |
Mittag | midday |
mittags | at noon |
Mitternacht | midnight |
Mittwoch | Wednesday |
Monat | month |
Montag | Monday |
Morgen | morning, tomorrow |
Morgen (morgen) | measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres |
morgens | in the morning |
müheseelig Mench | handicapped person |
Mühle | mill |
Mühlerbesitzer | mill owner |
Mühlenpächter | mill tenant |
Mullnäher | Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer) |
mündlich | verbal, verbally |
Mutter | Mother |
Words starting with: |
---|
N[edit | edit source]
German | English |
N.N. = nomen nescio | name not known |
nach | to, after, according to |
Nachbar | neighbor |
Nachbarschaft | neighborhood |
nachgelassen | surviving |
Nachlaß | estate, inheritance |
Nachmittag | afternoon |
nachmittags | in the afternoon |
nächst(e) | next |
Nacht | night |
Näherin | seamstress |
Name | name |
Namensfertiger, Nftgr. | person who signs for illiterate people |
nat. = natus, nata | born |
natus, nata | born |
neben | next to |
Nebenfrau | concubine |
Neffe | nephew |
nemlich | namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich) |
Nervenfieber | nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus |
neu | new |
neun | nine |
neunte | ninth |
neunundzwanzigte | twenty-ninth |
neunzehn | nineteen |
neunzehnhundert | nineteen hundred |
neunzehnte | nineteenth |
neunzig | ninety |
neunzigste | ninetieth |
Nicht | not |
Nichte | niece |
nichts | nothing |
nie | never |
nieder | lower |
niederländisch | Dutch, of the Netherlands |
noch | still |
noch lebende | still living |
noch nicht | not yet |
Nord | north |
Notizen | notices, miscellaneous records |
Nottaufe | emergency baptism |
November | November |
Nummer | number |
nur | only |
Words starting with: |
---|
O[edit | edit source]
German | English |
O.A. = Oberamt | governing district office |
ober | upper, over |
ober-, Ober- (comb. form) |
chief, head; upper, over |
Oberamt | governing district office |
Oberpostamtmann | Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer) |
oder | or |
öffentlich bekanntmachen | make known publicly |
oft | often |
Oheim, Ohm | maternal uncle |
ohne | without |
ohne besonderes Gewerbe | without any particular occupation |
Oktober | October |
Onkel | uncle |
Ort | place, town |
Ortslexikon | gazetteer |
Osten | east |
Ostern | Easter (could be March or April) |
Ostermonat | April |
Ostern | Easter |
Österreich | Austria |
österreichisch | Austrian |
Words starting with: |
---|
P[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Pächter | leaseholder |
Pate | godfather |
Paten | godparents |
Patin | godmother |
Pest | plague |
Pfalz | Palatinate |
Pfarramt | parish office |
Pfarrbuch | parish register |
Pfarrei | parish |
Pfarrer | parish minister, pastor |
Pfarrverweser | curate in charge of the church parish |
Pfingsten | Pentecost |
Pflegekind | foster child |
Pflegesohn | foster son |
Pflegetochter | foster daughter |
Plätterin | ironer |
Platz | place (location) |
Pocken | pox, smallpox |
Polen | Poland |
polnisch | Polish |
Posamentierer | A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately. |
preußisch | Prussia |
Priester | priest |
Prinz | prince |
Prinzessin | princess |
protestantisch | Protestant |
Provinz | province |
provinzial | provincial |
Words starting with: |
---|
R[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Räbbe | rabies |
Rabbiner | rabbi |
Räcke | stiffness of the limbs |
Racker | renderer |
Rademacher, Radmacher | wheelwright |
Radhauer | wheelwright |
Rathaus | city hall |
Ratsherr | alderman |
Ratsmann | councilman; town councilor |
Rechnung | account; bill |
rechtgläubig | orthodox |
Rechtsanwalt | lawyer |
reformiert | reformed |
Regierungsbezirk | administrative area (a political jurisdiction) |
Register | register (a book or list) |
Reich | empire; kingdom |
Reifer | ropemaker; rope merchant |
Reiter | rider; cavalryman |
relicta | widow |
relictus | widower |
Religion | religion |
ren. = renatus, renata | baptized, christened |
Rentner | retired person |
Rheuma | rheumatism |
Richter | judge |
Rodel | register |
Röseler | whitewasher |
Rössler | horseman; tanner |
römisch katholisch | Roman Catholic |
Röt | measles; bloody diarrhea |
Rotgerber | red tanner |
Ruhestand | retirement |
Ruhr | dysentery |
russisch | Russian |
Rußland | Russia |
Words starting with: |
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S[edit | edit source]
German | English |
S. = Seite | page |
s. = siehe | see the following reference |
Sachsen | Saxony |
Sackhuhn | sailmaker |
Säger | sawyer |
Salbung | anointing |
Salzmesser | a salt weigher |
Salzvogt | salt works overseer |
Samstag | Saturday |
Sarkhauer | stonemason |
Satertag | Saturday |
Sattler | saddler, leather worker |
Schacherer | peddler |
Schäfer | shepherd |
Schaffer | worker; laborer; administrator |
Schäf(f)ler | cooper |
Schaffmann | worker |
Schaffner | conductor |
Schalbelehnter,
Schaalbelehnter |
one who works with scales, a weigher |
Schalck, Schall | servant |
Scharlach, Scharlachfieber | scarlet fever |
Schänker / Schenker | tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine |
Scharnemann | merchant in a market |
Scharrmacher | wagon builder |
Scharwerker | day laborer on a farm |
Schatter, Schattmann | tax assessor |
Schatzmann | moneychanger; treasurer |
Schatzmeister | treasurer |
Scheibenreisser | glazier |
Scheibler | salt carrier |
Scheiding | September |
Scheidler | knife-blade maker |
Scheidung | divorce |
Schein | certificate |
Schenkungen | donations |
Scherer | barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter |
Schichtmeister | mine paymaster |
Schiffbauer | shipbuilder |
Schiffer | shipper; seaman |
Schiffmann | sailor |
Schiffsmakler | shipbroker; shipping agent |
Schilderer | sign painter |
Schindeldecker | roofer of shingle roofs |
Schindelmacher | shingle maker |
Schinner | renderer, skinner |
Schirmmacher | umbrella maker |
Schirrmacher | wagon maker |
Schirrmeister | master wagon maker |
Schlachter, Schlächter | butcher |
Schlachtmann | butcher |
Schlachtwanter | clothing wholesaler |
Schlafbaas | innkeeper |
Schlaganfall | stroke, seizure |
Schlagfluß | stroke |
Schlieper | knifemaker; cutler |
Schlieter | merchant |
Schloß | castle |
Schlosser | locksmith |
Schlotfeger | chimneysweep |
Schlotthauer | locksmith |
Schmied | smith |
Schneide Müllergeselle | sawmiller's assistant |
Schneider | tailor |
Schnitzer, Schnitzler | woodcarver |
Schopper | ship's carpenter |
Schornsteinfeger | chimneysweep |
Schosserheber | tax collector |
Schösser | tax collector |
Schotte | peddler |
Schottler | turner; key maker |
Schottilier | turner; carpenter |
Schreiber | scribe, clerk |
Schreiner | cabinetmaker, joiner |
Schriftsetzer | typesetter, typographer |
Schroder, Schröder | tailor |
Schröer | tailor |
Schröter | tailor; carter; driver; cooper |
Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring | shoemaker |
Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert | shoemaker |
Schuhmacher | shoemaker, cobbler |
Schule | school |
Schullehrer | schoolteacher |
Schultheiß, Schulze | village mayor, head of town council |
Schüssler | bowl maker |
Schuster | shoemaker, cobbler |
Schutzmann | policeman |
Schuwarte | shoemaker |
Schwäche | weakness |
Schwager | brother-in-law |
Schwägerin | sister-in-law |
Schwaiger | shepherd |
schwanger | pregnant |
schwarz | black |
schwarzer Tod | black death; plague |
Schwarzgiesser | iron smelter |
Schwein(e)hirt(h) | pigherd |
Schweisser | welder |
Schweiz | Switzerland |
Schweizer | Swiss; also a dairyman |
Schwendimann | settler on recently burned woodland |
Schwerdtfeger | armorer |
Schwester | sister |
Schwiegermutter | mother-in-law |
Schwiegersohn | son-in-law |
Schwiegertochter | daughter-in-law |
Schwiegervater | father-in-law |
Schwindsucht | consumption |
S.d. = Sohn des, der | son of |
sechs | six |
sechste | sixth |
sechsundzwanzig | twenty-six |
sechsundzwanzigste | twenty-sixth |
sechzehnhundert | sixteen hundred |
sechzehn | sixteen |
sechzehnte | sixteenth |
sechzig | sixty |
sechzigste | sixtieth |
See | lake |
Seelen | souls |
Seelenregister | church membership list |
Seelsorger | minister, chaplain |
Seemann | sailor |
Segner | fisherman |
Seifensieder | soap maker |
Seigner | fisherman |
Seiler | rope maker |
sein | to be; his |
seit | since |
(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits | on the (maternal/paternal) side |
Seite | page |
Seitenstechen | stitch, pain in the side |
selige | (the) late, blessed |
September | September |
Sibber | sieve maker |
Sibmacher | sieve maker |
sich | himself, herself, itself |
sie | she, they |
Sie | you |
sieben | seven |
siebente | seventh |
siebenundzwanzigste | twenty-seventh |
siebte | seventh |
siebzehn | seventeen |
siebzehnhundert | seventeen hundred |
siebzehnte | seventeenth |
siebzig | seventy |
siebzigste | seventieth |
Sieder | soap maker |
Siedler | settler |
siehe | see |
Sigrist | sexton |
sind | are |
so | as, so, thus, such |
Sohn | son |
Söhnlein, Söhnchen | young son |
Soldat | soldier |
Sölde | plot of land |
Söldner | mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer |
sollen | should |
Sonnabend | Saturday |
Sonntag | Sunday |
spät | late (p.m.) |
Spengler | plumber; tinsmith |
spur. = spurius, spuria | illegitimate |
Staat | state |
Staatsangehörigkeit | citizenship, nationality |
Staatsarchiv | state archives |
Stadt | city |
Stammbaum | family tree, pedigree |
Stand | occupation, status, condition |
Standesamt | civil registrar’s office |
starb | died |
Steinhauer | stonecutter |
Steinmetz | stonemason |
stellen | place, put, impose |
Stellmacher | wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.) |
Sterbefälle | deaths |
sterben | to die |
Steuer | tax |
Stickfluß | asthma |
Stiefbruder | half brother, stepbrother |
Stiefkind | stepchild |
Stiefmutter | stepmother |
Stiefschwester | half sister, stepsister |
Stiefvater | stepfather |
Stillgeburt | stillbirth |
Straße | street |
Stunde | hour |
Sucht | sickness, mania, rage |
Süden | south |
S.v. = Sohn von | son of |
Words starting with: |
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T[edit | edit source]
German | English |
T.d. = Tochter des, der | daughter of |
T.v. = Tochter von | daughter of |
Tabelle | index, table |
Tag | day |
Tagelöhner, Taglöhner | day laborer |
Tagner | day laborer |
Tal, Thal | valley |
Tante | aunt |
Tapazier | (wall)paper hanger |
Tapeten | wallpaper, hangings |
Tapezierer | Upholsterer |
Tapezierergehilfe | Assistant upholsterer |
Tapezierergehilfin | Assistant upholsterer |
Tapeziermeister | Master upholsterer |
Taufe | baptism |
taufen | to baptize |
Taufpaten | godparents |
Taufschein | baptismal certificate |
tausend | thousand |
Telegraphenberwerkmeister | senior Telegraph foreman |
Testament | will |
Tischler | cabinetmaker, furniture maker |
Tochter | daughter |
Töchterchen | young daughter |
Töchterlein | young daughter |
Tochtermann | son-in-law |
Tod | death |
Todesart | manner of death |
Töpfer | potter |
tot | dead |
Totengräber | grave digger |
totgeboren, todtgeboren | stillborn |
Trauung | marriage |
Trennung | separation, divorce |
tschechisch | Czech |
Tschechoslowakai | Czechoslovakia |
Tschismenmacher | shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots |
Tuberkulose | tuberculosis |
Tuchbereiter | cloth-dresser (cropper) |
Tuchmacher | cloth maker, draper |
Tumor | tumor |
Words starting with: |
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U[edit | edit source]
über
German | English |
u.d. = und des, und der | and of |
über | about, concerning, over |
überleben | survive |
Uhr | o’clock, clock, watch |
um | at, about, around, concerning |
unbekannt | unknown |
und | and |
und der | and of |
und des | and of |
unehelich | illegitimate |
ungarisch | Hungarian |
Ungarn | Hungary |
ungefähr | about, circa, approximately |
uns | us |
unter | under, lower |
Unterleib | abdomen |
Unterleibsentzündung | abdominal inflammation, peritonitis |
Unterleibstyphus | typhoid fever |
Unterleibsverhärtung | abdomenal hardening |
Unterrichter | judge |
Unterschrieben | signed |
Unterschrift | signature |
Unterzeichnete | the undersigned |
unverheiratet, unverehelicht | unmarried |
unzeitiges Kind | premature child |
Urenkelkind | great-grandchild |
Urgroßmutter | great-grandmother |
Urgroßvater | great-grandfather |
Urkunde | record, document |
Ururgroßmutter | great-great-grandmother |
Ururgroßvater | great-great-grandfather |
ux. = uxor | wife |
Words starting with: |
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V[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Vater | father |
verehelicht | married |
Verehelichung | marriage |
vergangen | past |
vergraben | buried |
verh. = verheiratet | married |
Verkäufer | seller, vendor |
verl. = verlobt | engaged |
verlebte | deceased |
verloben, sich | to become engaged |
Verlobte | fiancée |
Verlobter | fiancé |
Verlobung | betrothal, engagement |
Vermieter | landlord, lessor |
Vermögen | estate, assets |
Verpächter | landlord, lessor |
verrichtet | performed |
verschiedene | various |
versehen | given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record) |
Verstopfung | constipation |
verstorben | deceased, defunct |
Verstorbene | the deceased |
Verwaltung | administration |
Verwandten | relatives |
Verwandtschaft | relationship |
verwitwet | widowed |
Verzeichnis | register, list, index |
Vetter | male cousin |
vid. = viduus, vidua | widower, widow |
vielleicht | perhaps, maybe |
vier | four |
vierte | fourth |
vierundzwanzigste | twenty-fourth |
vierzehn | fourteen |
vierzehnte | fourteenth |
vierzig | forty |
vierzigste | fortieth |
Vogt | steward, overseer |
Voigt | steward, overseer |
Volkszählung | census |
volljährig | of age, of legal age |
vollzogen | performed |
von | of, from, by |
vor | before; ago |
vorgestern | the day before yesterday |
vorherig | previous, preceding |
vorheriger Tag | the previous day |
vorläufig | for the time being |
vormals | formerly |
Vormittags | in the morning |
Vormund | guardian |
Vorname | given name |
Vorstadt | suburbs, outskirts of town |
Words starting with: |
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W[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Wagner | cartwright |
Waise | orphan |
Wald | forest, woods |
wann | when |
Wappen | coat of arms |
Wappenkunde | heraldry |
war | was |
waren | were |
warum | why |
was | what |
Wassersucht | dropsy, edema |
Weber | weaver |
Weduwe | widow |
wegen | because of |
Wehmutter | midwife |
Weib | wife, woman |
weiblich | female |
weil. = weiland | deceased |
weiland | deceased |
Weiland | the deceased |
Weiler | hamlet |
weiß | white |
Weißgerber | tanner |
welche | which |
Weltpriester | a secular priest |
wer | who |
werden | to become |
West | west |
weyland | deceased |
wie | how |
Wiedertäufer | Anabaptist |
Windpocken | chicken pox |
Wintermonat | November |
Wirt | innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn |
Wittib | widow |
Wittiber | widower |
Witwer | widower |
wo | where |
Woche | week |
Wochenbett | childbed |
Wöchnerin | woman in childbed |
woher | from where |
wohnen | to live, residing |
Wohnort | place of residence |
Wohnplatz | place of residence |
Wohnung | domicile, residence |
wollen | to want |
Wonnemonat | May |
Wörterbuch | dictionary |
wurde geboren | was born |
wurde getauft | was baptized |
würdig | worthy |
Wwe. = Witwe | widow |
Wwer. = Witwer | widower |
Words starting with: |
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X[edit | edit source]
German | English |
Xber, Xbris | December |
Words starting with: |
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Z[edit | edit source]
German | English |
zählen | to count |
Zahnkrämpfe | teething |
Zähnen, Zähnung | teething |
zehn | ten |
Zehnt(en)buch | tithing book |
zehnte | tenth |
Zehnten | tithes |
zehrendes Fieber | consumptive fever |
Zehrung | consumption |
Zeit | time |
Zentner | hundredweight |
Zeuge | witness |
Ziegler | brick maker |
Ziehmutter, -sohn, -tochter |
foster mother, son, daughter |
Zimmermann | Carpenter |
Zivilstandsamt | civil registrar's office |
Zöllner | publican, tax collector |
zu Hause | at home |
Zukunft | future |
Zuname | surname, last name |
zusammen | together |
zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in | entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of |
Zuständigkeitsort | place of jurisdiction |
zwanzig | twenty |
zwanzigte | twentieth |
zwei | two |
zweihundert | two hundred |
zwei tausend | two thousand |
zweite | second |
zweiundzwanzigste | twenty-second |
Zwilling(e) | twin, twins |
zwischen | between |
zwölf | twelve |
Zwölfer | member of a council |
zwölfte | twelfth |
Words starting with: |
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