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On this day - 12 July

1799 – Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of the Punjab (Sikh Empire).
India 2001
https://www.istampgallery.com/maharaja-ranjit-singh-2001/

On this day - 13 July...

Events

587 BC – Babylon's siege of Jerusalem ends following the destruction of Solomon's Temple.
1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1558 – Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
1573 – Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
1794 – The Battle of Trippstadt is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
1830 – The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
1831 – Regulamentul Organic, a quasi-constitutional organic law is adopted in Wallachia, one of the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of Romania.
1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
1863 – New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
1878 – Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
1941 – World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
1956 – The Dartmouth workshop is the first conference on artificial intelligence.
1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
1973 – Watergate scandal: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of a secret Oval Office taping system to investigators for the Senate Watergate Committee.
1977 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ogaden War.
1977 – New York City: Amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Moscow and Sydney.
1985 – Vice President George H. W. Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
2008 – Battle of Wanat begins when Taliban and al-Qaeda guerrillas attack US Army and Afghan National Army troops in Afghanistan. The U.S. deaths were, at that time, the most in a single battle since the beginning of operations in 2001.
2011 – Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.
2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1999 is adopted, which admits South Sudan to member status of United Nations.
2013 – Typhoon Soulik kills at least nine people and affects more than 160 million in East China and Taiwan.
2016 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigns, and is succeeded by Theresa May.

Births

1426 – Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (d. 1492)
1478 – Giulio d'Este, illegitimate son of Italian noble (d. 1561)
1470 – Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici, Catholic cardinal (d. 1528)
1527 – John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)
1579 – Arthur Dee, English physician and chemist (d. 1651)
1590 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
1606 – Roland Fréart de Chambray (d. 1676)
1607 – Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and illustrator (d. 1677)
1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
1745 – Robert Calder, Scottish-English admiral (d. 1818)
1756 – Thomas Rowlandson, English artist and caricaturist (d. 1827)
1760 – István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1829)
1770 – Alexander Balashov, Russian general and politician, Russian Minister of Police (d. 1837)
1793 – John Clare, English poet and author (d. 1864)
1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general and first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)
1831 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)
1858 – Stewart Culin, American ethnographer and author (d. 1929)
1859 – Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1947)
1863 – Margaret Murray, British archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist (d. 1963)
1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel and businessman (d. 1912)
1877 – Robert Henry Mathews, Australian linguist and missionary (d. 1970)
1884 – Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler and coach (d. 1951)
1889 – Emma Asson, Estonian educator and politician (d. 1965)
1889 – Stan Coveleski, American baseball player (d. 1984)
1892 – Léo-Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1941)
1892 – Jonni Myyrä, Finnish-American discus and javelin thrower (d. 1955)
1894 – Isaac Babel, Russian short story writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1940)
1895 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor (d. 1973)
1896 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter and educator (d. 1992)
1898 – Julius Schreck, German commander (d. 1936)
1898 – Ivan Triesault, Estonian-born American actor (d. 1980)
1900 – George Lewis, American clarinet player and songwriter (d. 1969)
1901 – Eric Portman, English actor (d. 1969)
1903 – Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (d. 1983)
1905 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
1905 – Eugenio Pagnini, Italian modern pentathlete (d. 1993)
1905 – Magda Foy, American child actress (d. 2000)
1907 – George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (d. 2002)
1908 – Dorothy Round, English tennis player (d. 1982)
1908 – Tim Spencer, American country & western singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1974)
1910 – Lien Gisolf, Dutch high jumper (d. 1993)
1910 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2008)
1911 – Bob Steele (broadcaster), American radio personality (d. 2002)
1913 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and television personality (d. 1982)
1913 – Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish businessman (d. 2012)
1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
1915 – Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1989)
1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
1918 – Ronald Bladen, American painter and sculptor (d. 1988)
1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (d. 2015)
1919 – Hau Pei-tsun, 13th Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
1919 – William F. Quinn, American lawyer (d. 2006)
1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer and conductor (d. 1999)
1922 – Leslie Brooks, American actress (d. 2011)
1922 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish trade union leader and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2016)
1922 – Helmy Afify Abd El-Bar, Egyptian military commander (d. 2011)
1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
1923 – Ashley Bryan, American children's book author and illustrator
1924 – Johnny Gilbert, American game show host and announcer
1925 – Suzanne Zimmerman, American competition swimmer and Olympic medalist
1925 – Huang Zongying, Chinese actress and writer
1926 – Robert H. Justman, American director, producer, and production manager (d. 2008)
1926 – T. Loren Christianson, American politician (d. 2019)
1926 – Thomas Clark, American politician (d. 2020)
1927 – Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician, President of the European Parliament (d. 2017)
1927 – Ian Reed, Australian discus thrower
1928 – Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
1928 – Sven Davidson, Swedish-American tennis player (d. 2008)
1928 – Al Rex, American musician (d. 2020)
1929 – Sofia Muratova, Russian gymnast (d. 2006)
1929 – Svein Ellingsen, Norwegian visual artist and hymnist (d. 2020)
1930 – Sam Greenlee, American author and poet (d. 2014)
1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
1931 – Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
1932 – Hubert Reeves, Canadian-French astrophysicist and author
1933 – David Storey, English author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
1933 – Piero Manzoni, Italian artist (d. 1963)
1934 – Peter Gzowski, Canadian journalist and academic (d. 2002)
1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician, 9th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (d. 2009)
1935 – Earl Lovelace, Trinidadian journalist, author, and playwright
1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
1936 – Albert Ayler, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1970)
1937 – Ghillean Prance, English botanist and ecologist
1939 – Lambert Jackson Woodburne, South African admiral (d. 2013)
1940 – Tom Lichtenberg, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
1940 – Paul Prudhomme, American chef and author (d. 2015)
1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor, director, and producer
1941 – Grahame Corling, Australian cricketer
1941 – Robert Forster, American actor and producer (d. 2019)
1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter and translator (d. 2005)
1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director, and producer
1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor and producer
1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1943 – Chris Serle, English journalist and actor
1944 – Eric Freeman, Australian cricketer
1944 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (d. 1991)
1944 – Erno Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik's Cube
1945 – Ashley Mallett, Australian cricketer and author
1946 – Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
1948 – Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
1949 – Bryan Murray, Irish actor
1950 – George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Hong Kong-Taiwanese commander and politician, 12th President of the Republic of China
1950 – Jurelang Zedkaia, Marshallese politician, 5th President of the Marshall Islands (d. 2015)
1951 – Rob Bishop, American educator and politician
1951 – Didi Conn, American actress and singer
1953 – David Thompson, American basketball player
1954 – Ray Bright, Australian cricketer
1954 – Louise Mandrell, American singer-songwriter and actress
1956 – Mark Mendoza, American bass player and songwriter
1956 – Michael Spinks, American boxer
1957 – Thierry Boutsen, Belgian race car driver and businessman
1957 – Cameron Crowe, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1959 – Richard Leman, English field hockey player
1959 – Fuziah Salleh, Malaysian politician
1960 – Robert Abraham, American football player
1960 – Ian Hislop, Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter
1960 – Curtis Rouse, American football player (d. 2013)
1961 – Tahira Asif, Pakistani politician (d. 2014)
1961 – Anders Jarryd, Swedish tennis player
1961 – Khalid Mahmood, Pakistani-English engineer and politician
1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
1961 – Tim Watson, Australian footballer, coach, and journalist
1962 – Tom Kenny, American voice actor and screenwriter
1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player
1963 – Neal Foulds, English snooker player and sportscaster
1963 – Kenny Johnson, American actor, producer, and model
1964 – Charlie Hides, American drag queen and comedian
1964 – Paul Thorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1965 – Eileen Ivers, American fiddler
1965 – Colin van der Voort, Australian rugby league player
1966 – Gerald Levert, American R&B singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2006)
1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-English conductor and educator
1967 – Richard Marles, Australian lawyer and politician, 50th Australian Minister for Trade and Investment
1967 – Mark McGowan, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Western Australia
1969 – Brad Godden, Australian rugby league player
1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor, comedian, and physician
1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan political scientist and politician
1970 – Andrei Tivontchik, German pole vaulter and trainer
1971 – Mark Neeld, Australian footballer and coach
1972 – Sean Waltman, American professional wrestler
1974 – Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
1975 – Diego Spotorno, Ecuadorian actor
1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Cypriot singer-songwriter
1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
1977 – Chris Horn, American football player
1978 – Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
1979 – Daniel Díaz, Argentinian footballer
1979 – Libuše Průšová, Czech tennis player
1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater and coach
1981 – Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
1982 – Simon Clist, English footballer
1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
1982 – Nick Kenny, Australian rugby league player
1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
1983 – Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1985 – Trell Kimmons, American sprinter
1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
1985 – Charlotte Dujardin, English equestrian
1988 – Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, Brazilian-Italian footballer
1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor, model and singer
1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor and model
1988 – Raúl Spank, German high jumper
1988 – Tulisa, English singer-songwriter and actress
1989 – Leon Bridges, American soul singer, songwriter and record producer
1989 – Charis Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
1990 – Kieran Foran, New Zealand rugby league player
1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentinian footballer
1992 – Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
1993 – Daniel Bentley, English footballer
1995 – Cody Bellinger, American baseball player
1995 – Dante Exum, Australian basketball player
2002 – Deborah Medrado, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast
2003 – Wyatt Oleff, American child actor
2005 – Kyle Harrison Breitkopf, Canadian child actor

Deaths
574 – John III, pope of the Catholic Church
716 – Rui Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 662)
815 – Wu Yuanheng, Chinese poet and politician (b. 758)
884 – Huang Chao, Chinese rebel leader (b. 835)
939 – Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church
982 – Gunther, margrave of Merseburg
982 – Henry I, bishop of Augsburg
982 – Pandulf II, Lombard prince
982 – Landulf IV, Lombard prince
982 – Abu'l-Qasim, Kalbid emir of Sicily
1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
1105 – Rashi, French rabbi and commentator (b. 1040)
1205 – Hubert Walter, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of The United Kingdom (b. 1160)
1357 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian academic and jurist (b. 1313)
1380 – Bertrand du Guesclin, French nobleman and knight (b. 1320)
1399 – Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (b. 1330)
1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1399)
1402 – Jianwen, Chinese emperor (b. 1377)
1491 – Afonso, Portuguese prince (b. 1475)
1551 – John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
1617 – Adam Wenceslaus, duke of Cieszyn (b. 1574)
1621 – Albert VII, archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
1626 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1563)
1628 – Robert Shirley, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1581)
1629 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
1683 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1631)
1755 – Edward Braddock, Scottish general (b. 1695)
1762 – James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
1789 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist and academic (b. 1715)
1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal (b. 1725)
1881 – John C. Pemberton, American general (b. 1814)
1889 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1830)
1890 – John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (b. 1813)
1890 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819)
1893 – Young Man Afraid of His Horses, American tribal chief (b. 1836)
1896 – August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (b. 1829)
1907 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter and jurist (b. 1866)
1911 – Allan McLean, Scottish-Australian politician, 19th Premier of Victoria (b. 1840)
1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
1922 – Martin Dies, Sr., American journalist and politician (b. 1870)
1927 – Mimar Kemaleddin Bey, Turkish architect and academic, designed the Tayyare Apartments (b. 1870)
1934 – Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (b. 1849)
1936 – Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese lawyer and politician (b. 1887)
1941 – Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
1945 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1879)
1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (b. 1864)
1949 – Walt Kuhn, American painter and academic (b. 1877)
1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-American composer and painter (b. 1874)
1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator (b. 1907)
1960 – Joy Davidman, American-English poet and author (b. 1915)
1965 – Photis Kontoglou, Greek painter and illustrator (b. 1895)
1967 – Tom Simpson, English cyclist (b. 1937)
1970 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (b. 1896)
1970 – Sheng Shicai, Chinese warlord (b. 1895)
1973 – Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (b. 1901)
1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
1976 – Frederick Hawksworth, English engineer (b. 1884)
1976 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (b. 1915)
1979 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
1980 – Seretse Khama, Botswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer and author (b. 1909)
1993 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (b. 1920)
1996 – Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (b. 1905)
1997 – Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
1999 – Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
2000 – Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (b. 1914)
2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1907)
2005 – Robert E. Ogren, American zoologist (b. 1922)
2006 – Red Buttons, American actor (b. 1919)
2007 – Michael Reardon, American mountaineer (b. 1965)
2008 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1932)
2010 – Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (b. 1930)
2011 – Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)
2012 – Warren Jabali, American basketball player (b. 1946)
2012 – Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
2012 – Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1934)
2013 – Leonard Garment, American lawyer and public servant, 14th White House Counsel (b. 1924)
2013 – Henri Julien, French race car driver (b. 1927)
2013 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1982)
2013 – Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (b. 1938)
2013 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (b. 1924)
2013 – Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
2014 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (b. 1924)
2014 – Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
2014 – Nadine Gordimer, South African novelist, short story writer, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
2014 – Jeff Leiding, American football player (b. 1961)
2014 – Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1930)
2015 – Philipp Mißfelder, German historian and politician (b. 1979)
2015 – Martin Litchfield West, English scholar, author, and academic (b. 1927)
2017 – Liu Xiaobo, Chinese literary critic, human rights activist (b. 1955)

Holidays and observances

On This Day, 13 Juy

1942- American actor Harrison Ford, who was perhaps best known for playing charismatic rogues in the Star Wars and Indiana Jones film franchises, was born.
Test your knowledge of actors and acting

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On this day - 13 July

1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)

On this day - 13 July

1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.

On this day - 13 July

1973 – Watergate scandal: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of a secret Oval Office taping system to investigators for the Senate Watergate Committee.

On this day - 14 July...

Events

756 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong flees the capital Chang'an as An Lushan's forces advance toward the city.
1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
1420 – Battle of Vítkov Hill, decisive victory of Czech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.
1769 – An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá leaves its base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
1771 – Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
1789 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.
1789 – Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. Later named after him, the Mackenzie is the second-longest river system in North America.
1790 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.
1791 – The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
1798 – The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
1853 – Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
1865 – First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
1874 – The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
1877 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began in Martinsburg, West Virginia, when wages of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers were cut for the third time in a year. The strike was ended on Sept 4 by local and state militias, and federal troops.
1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
1900 – Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.
1902 – The Campanile in St Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.
1911 – Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright brothers, lands his airplane at the South Lawn of the White House. He is later awarded a Gold medal from U.S. President William Howard Taft for this feat.
1915 – World War I: The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire begins.
1916 – World War I: Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.
1928 – New Vietnam Revolutionary Party is founded in Huế, providing some of the communist party's most important leaders in its early years.
1933 – Gleichschaltung: In Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
1933 – The Nazi eugenics begins with the proclamation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring that calls for the compulsory sterilization of any citizen who suffers from alleged genetic disorders.
1938 – Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91-hour airplane flight around the world.
1940 – People's Seimas held parliamentary elections, and the Union of Labor Lithuania (ULL) won, paving the way for Lithuania to become Lithuanian SSR; Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, consolidating into the Soviet Union on July 21, 1940.
1943 – In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.
1948 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.
1950 – Korean War: North Korean troops initiate the Battle of Taejon.
1957 – Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.
1958 – Iraqi Revolution: In Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abd al-Karim Qasim, who becomes the nation's new leader.
1960 – Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.
1965 – The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
1969 – Football War: After Honduras loses a soccer match against El Salvador, riots break out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers.
1969 – The Federal Reserve Banks begins removing large denominations of United States currency from circulation.
1976 – Capital punishment is abolished in Canada.
1992 – 386BSD is released by Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz beginning the Open Source operating system revolution. Linus Torvalds releases his Linux soon afterwards.
2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.
2003 – Hurricane Claudette gathers strength over the Gulf of Mexico and heads for the Texas coast, killing two people.
2013 – The dedication of statue of Rachel Carson, a sculpture named for the environmentalist, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
2015 – NASA's New Horizons probe performs the first flyby of Pluto, and thus completes the initial survey of the Solar System.
2016 – A terrorist vehicular attack in Nice, France kills 86 civilians and injures over 400 others.

Births

926 – Murakami, emperor of Japan (d. 967)
1410 – Arnold, Duke of Guelders, (d. 1473)
1448 – Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1508)
1454 – Poliziano, Italian poet and scholar (d. 1494)
1515 – Philip I, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1560)
1602 – Cardinal Mazarin, Italian-French cardinal and politician, 2nd Chief Minister of the French Monarch (d. 1661)
1608 – George Goring, Lord Goring, English general (d. 1657)
1610 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
1634 – Pasquier Quesnel, French priest and theologian (d. 1719)
1671 – Jacques d'Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
1675 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French general (d. 1747)
1676 – Caspar Abel, German historian, poet, and theologian (d. 1763)
1696 – William Oldys, English historian and author (d. 1761)
1721 – John Douglas, Scottish bishop and scholar (d. 1807)
1743 – Gavrila Derzhavin, Russian poet and politician (d. 1816)
1755 – Michel de Beaupuy, French general (d. 1796)
1785 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American journalist, playwright, and diplomat (d. 1851)
1795 – Eleanor Anne Porden, British Romantic poet; wife of the explorer, John Franklin (d. 1825)
1801 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist and anatomist (d. 1858)
1816 – Arthur de Gobineau, French author and diplomat (d. 1882)
1829 – Edward Benson, English archbishop (d. 1896)
1859 – Willy Hess, German violinist and educator (d. 1928)
1861 – Kate M. Gordon, American activist (d. 1931)
1862 – Florence Bascom, American geologist and educator (d. 1945)
1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and illustrator (d. 1918)
1863 – Arthur Coningham, Australian cricketer (d. 1939)
1865 – Arthur Capper, American journalist and politician, 20th Governor of Kansas (d. 1951)
1866 – Juliette Wytsman, Belgian painter (d. 1925)
1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist and spy (d. 1926)
1872 – Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939)
1874 – Abbas II of Egypt (d. 1944)
1874 – Crawford Vaughan, Australian politician, 27th Premier of South Australia (d. 1947)
1878 – Donald Meek, Scottish actor (d. 1946)
1885 – Sisavang Vong, Laotian king (d. 1959)
1888 – Scipio Slataper, Italian author and critic (d. 1915)
1889 – Marco de Gastyne, French painter and illustrator (d. 1982)
1889 – Ante Pavelić, Croatian fascist dictator during World War II (d. 1959)
1893 – Clarence J. Brown, American publisher and politician, 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (d. 1965)
1893 – Garimella Satyanarayana, Indian poet and author (d. 1952)
1894 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer (d. 1979)
1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish soldier and anarchist (d. 1936)
1898 – Happy Chandler, American lawyer and politician, 49th Governor of Kentucky, second Commissioner of Baseball (d. 1991)
1901 – Gerald Finzi, English composer and academic (d. 1956)
1901 – George Tobias, American actor (d. 1980)
1903 – Irving Stone, American author and educator (d. 1989)
1906 – Tom Carvel, Greek-American businessman, founded Carvel (d. 1990)
1906 – William H. Tunner, American general (d. 1983)
1907 – Chico Landi, Brazilian race car driver (d. 1989)
1910 – William Hanna, American animator, director, producer, and actor, co-founded Hanna-Barbera (d. 2001)
1911 – Pavel Prudnikau, Belarusian poet and author (d. 2000)
1912 – Woody Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1967)
1912 – Buddy Moreno, American musician (d. 2015)
1913 – Gerald Ford, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
1914 – Fred Fox, French musician (d. 2019)
1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
1918 – Arthur Laurents, American director, screenwriter, and playwright (d. 2011)
1918 – Jay Wright Forrester, American computer engineer and systems scientist (d. 2016)
1920 – Shankarrao Chavan, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Finance (d. 2004)
1920 – Marijohn Wilkin, American country and gospel songwriter (d. 2006)
1921 – Sixto Durán Ballén, American-Ecuadorian architect and politician, 48th President of Ecuador (d. 2016)
1921 – Leon Garfield, English author (d. 1996)
1921 – Armand Gaudreault, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
1922 – Robin Olds, American general and pilot (d. 2007)
1922 – Elfriede Rinkel, German SS officer (d. 2018)
1922 – Käbi Laretei, Estonian-Swedish concert pianist (d. 2014)
1923 – René Favaloro, Argentine surgeon and cardiologist (d. 2000)
1923 – Dale Robertson, American actor (d. 2013)
1923 – Robert Zildjian, American businessman, founded Sabian (d. 2013)
1924 – Warren Giese, American football player, coach, and politician (d. 2013)
1925 – Bruce L. Douglas, American politician
1926 – Wallace Jones, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor, musician, and singer (d. 2017)
1926 – Himayat Ali Shair, Urdu poet (d. 2019)
1927 – John Chancellor, American journalist (d. 1996)
1927 – Mike Esposito, American author and illustrator (d. 2010)
1928 – Nancy Olson, American actress
1928 – William Rees-Mogg, English journalist and public servant (d. 2012)
1930 – Polly Bergen, American actress and singer (d. 2014)
1930 – Benoît Sinzogan, Beninese military officer and politician
1931 – Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer and philanthropist
1931 – E. V. Thompson, English police officer and author (d. 2012)
1932 – Rosey Grier, American football player and actor
1932 – Del Reeves, American country singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
1933 – Robert Bourassa, Canadian lawyer and politician, 22nd Premier of Quebec (d. 1996)
1933 – Dumaagiin Sodnom, Mongolian politician; 13th Prime Minister of Mongolia
1936 – Robert F. Overmyer, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1996)
1937 – Yoshirō Mori, Japanese journalist and politician, 55th Prime Minister of Japan
1938 – Jerry Rubin, American activist, author, and businessman (d. 1994)
1938 – Tommy Vig, Hungarian vibraphone player, drummer, and composer
1939 – Karel Gott, Czech singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2019)
1939 – George Edgar Slusser, American scholar and author (d. 2014)
1940 – Susan Howatch, English author and academic
1941 – Maulana Karenga, American philosopher, author, and activist, created Kwanzaa
1941 – Andreas Khol, German-Austrian lawyer and politician
1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish physicist and politician, Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs
1945 – Jim Gordon, American drummer and songwriter
1946 – Sue Lawley, English journalist
1946 – John Wood, Australian actor and screenwriter
1947 – John Blackman, Australian radio and television presenter
1947 – Claudia J. Kennedy, American general
1947 – Salih Neftçi, Turkish economist and author (d. 2009)
1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Mauritius physician and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Mauritius
1948 – Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king
1948 – Tom Latham, American politician
1948 – Earl Williams, American baseball player (d. 2013)
1949 – Tommy Mottola, American businessman and music publisher
1950 – Bruce Oldfield, English fashion designer
1952 – Bob Casale, American guitarist, keyboard player, and producer (d. 2014)
1952 – Franklin Graham, American evangelist and missionary
1952 – George Lewis, American musician and composer
1952 – Joel Silver, American actor and producer, co-founded Dark Castle Entertainment
1953 – Martha Coakley, American lawyer and politician, 58th Attorney General of Massachusetts
1955 – L. Brent Bozell III, American journalist and activist, founded the Media Research Center
1958 – Mircea Geoană, Romanian politician and diplomat, 97th Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1959 – Aubrey McClendon, American businessman (d. 2016)
1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician, 37th Premier of Queensland
1960 – Kyle Gass, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
1960 – Angélique Kidjo, Beninese singer-songwriter, activist, and actor
1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress and game show host
1960 – Mike McPhee, Canadian ice hockey player
1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor
1962 – Vanessa Lawrence, English geographer and civil servant
1963 – Jacques Lacombe, Canadian organist and conductor
1964 – Brett Ogle, Australian golfer
1964 – Igor Shpilband, Russian-American ice dancer and coach
1965 – Urmas Kruuse, Estonian lawyer and politician, 41st Mayor of Tartu
1965 – Collins Nweke, Belgian politician of Nigerian origin, 1st foreign born person elected to political office in West Flanders
1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor
1966 – Matt Hume, American mixed martial artist and trainer
1966 – Brian Selznick, American author and illustrator
1967 – Marios Constantinou, Cypriot footballer and manager
1967 – Jeff Jarrett, American wrestler and promoter, co-founder of Impact Wrestling
1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician
1967 – Hashan Tillakaratne, Sri Lankan cricketer
1967 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player and manager
1968 – Michael Palmer, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 8th Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore
1969 – José Hernández, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
1969 – Sven Sester, Estonian politician
1970 – Jacob Young, Norwegian guitarist
1971 – Howard Webb, English footballer and referee
1973 – Tani Fuga, Samoan rugby player
1973 – Paul Methric, American rapper and producer
1974 – Erick Dampier, American basketball player
1974 – David Mitchell, British comedian
1975 – Derlei, Brazilian footballer
1975 – Tim Hudson, American baseball player
1975 – Jamey Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1977 – Gordon Cree, Scottish singer-songwriter and pianist
1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
1978 – Mattias Ekström, Swedish race car driver
1979 – Bernie Castro, Dominican baseball player
1979 – Axel Teichmann, German skier
1980 – George Smith, Australian rugby player
1981 – Matti Hautamäki, Finnish ski jumper
1981 – Robbie Maddison, Australian motorcycle racer
1982 – Dmitry Chaplin, Russian-American dancer and choreographer
1982 – Achille Coser, Italian footballer
1983 – Igor Andreev, Russian tennis player
1983 – Thomas Howard, American football player (d. 2013)
1983 – Tito Muñoz, American conductor and academic
1984 – Renaldo Balkman, American basketball player
1984 – Erica Blasberg, American golfer (d. 2010)
1984 – Lenka Dlhopolcová, Slovak tennis player
1984 – Mounir El Hamdaoui, Moroccan footballer
1984 – Samir Handanović, Slovenian footballer
1984 – Nilmar, Brazilian footballer
1985 – Billy Celeski, Australian footballer
1985 – Darrelle Revis, American football player
1985 – Chris Wright, English cricketer
1986 – Alexander Gerndt, Swedish footballer
1986 – Nikolay Kulemin, Russian ice hockey player
1986 – Dan Smith, English singer-songwriter
1987 – Aqeel Ahmed, English director, producer, and screenwriter
1987 – Margus Hunt, Estonian-American football player, discus thrower, and shot putter
1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer
1987 – Dan Reynolds, American singer-songwriter
1987 – Sean Smith, American football player
1987 – Ryan Sweeting, Bahamian-American tennis player
1988 – Conor McGregor, Irish mixed martial artist
1988 – Jérémy Stravius, French swimmer
1988 – James Vaughan, English footballer
1989 – Sakari Mattila, Finnish footballer
1989 – Rolando McClain, American football player
1989 – Cyril Rioli, Australian rules footballer
1991 – Shabazz Napier, American basketball player
1993 – Sayaka Yamamoto, Japanese singer
1995 – Megan Cunningham, Scottish footballer
1995 – Serge Gnabry, German footballer
1995 – Kim Hyo-joo, South Korean golfer
1995 – Federico Mattiello, Italian footballer
1997 – Cengiz Ünder, Turkish footballer

Deaths
664 – Eorcenberht, king of Kent
809 – Ōtomo no Otomaro, Japanese general and Shōgun (b. 731)
850 – Wei Fu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
937 – Arnulf I, duke of Bavaria
1223 – Philip II, king of France (b. 1165)
1242 – Hōjō Yasutoki, regent of Japan (b. 1183)
1262 – Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (b. 1222)
1486 – Margaret of Denmark, daughter of Christian I of Denmark (b. 1456)
1526 – John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English peer, landowner, and Lord Great Chamberlain of England (b. 1499)
1575 – Richard Taverner, English translator (b. 1505)
1614 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian priest and saint (b. 1550)
1723 – Claude Fleury, French historian and author (b. 1640)
1742 – Richard Bentley, English scholar and theologian (b. 1662)
1766 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (b. 1674)
1774 – James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, Irish field marshal (b. 1682)
1780 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher and academic (b. 1713)
1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French politician (b. 1721)
1789 – Bernard-René de Launay, French politician (b. 1740)
1790 – Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
1809 – Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek monk and saint (b. 1749)
1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan general (b. 1750)
1817 – Germaine de Staël, French philosopher and author (b. 1766)
1827 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist and engineer, reviver of wave theory of light, inventor of catadioptric lighthouse lens (b. 1788)
1834 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, French-American diplomat (b. 1763)
1850 – August Neander, German historian and theologian (b. 1789)
1856 – Edward Vernon Utterson, English lawyer and historian (b. 1775)
1876 – John Buckley, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1813)
1881 – Billy the Kid, American criminal (b. 1859)
1904 – Paul Kruger, South African politician, 5th President of the South African Republic (b. 1824)
1907 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist and academic (b. 1838)
1910 – Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
1917 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887)
1918 – Quentin Roosevelt, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897)
1936 – Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Indian-American author and scholar (b. 1890)
1937 – Julius Meier, American businessman and politician, 20th Governor of Oregon (b. 1874)
1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and illustrator (b. 1860)
1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish author and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
1965 – Adlai Stevenson II, American soldier and politician, 5th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1900)
1966 – Julie Manet, French painter and art collector (b. 1878)
1967 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian author and poet (b. 1880)
1968 – Konstantin Paustovsky, Russian author and poet (b. 1892)
1970 – Preston Foster, American actor (b. 1900)
1973 – Ali Kılıç, Turkish captain and politician (b. 1890)
1974 – Carl Andrew Spaatz, American general (b. 1891)
1975 – Madan Mohan, Iraqi-Indian composer and conductor (b. 1924)
1979 – Walter Keppel, 9th Earl of Albemarle, English nobleman and soldier (b. 1882)
1984 – Ernest Tidyman, American author and screenwriter (b. 1928)
1986 – Raymond Loewy, French-American industrial designer (b. 1893)
1989 – Frank Bell, English linguist and academic (b. 1916)
1991 – Constance Stokes, Australian painter (b. 1906)
1993 – Léo Ferré, Monacan singer-songwriter, pianist, and poet (b. 1916)
1994 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
1996 – Jeff Krosnoff, American race car driver (b. 1964)
1998 – Richard McDonald, American businessman, co-founded McDonald's (b. 1909)
2000 – Pepo, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)
2000 – William Roscoe Estep, American historian and academic (b. 1920)
2000 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (b. 1944)
2001 – Guy de Lussigny, French painter (b. 1929)
2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, Dominican lawyer and politician, 41st President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
2002 – Fritz Glatz, Austrian race car driver (b. 1943)
2003 – François-Albert Angers, Canadian economist and academic (b. 1909)
2005 – Joe Harnell, American pianist and composer (b. 1924)
2005 – Cicely Saunders, English hospice founder (b. 1918)
2007 – John Ferguson Sr., Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1938)
2012 – John Arbuthnott, 16th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scottish businessman and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (b. 1924)
2012 – Don Brinkley, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
2012 – Frank R. Burns, American football player and coach (b. 1928)
2012 – King Hill, American football player (b. 1936)
2012 – Sixten Jernberg, Swedish skier (b. 1929)
2012 – Roy Shaw, English businessman and boxer (b. 1936)
2013 – Herbert M. Allison, American lieutenant and businessman (b. 1943)
2013 – Matt Batts, American baseball player and coach (b. 1921)
2013 – Dennis Burkley, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1945)
2013 – Bill Warner, American motorcycle racer (b. 1969)
2013 – Vladimir Mikhailovich Zakharov, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1946)
2014 – Alice Coachman, American high jumper (b. 1923)
2014 – Vange Leonel, Brazilian singer-songwriter and activist (b. 1963)
2014 – John Victor Parker, American soldier, lawyer, and judge (b. 1928)
2015 – Willer Bordon, Italian businessman, academic, and politician, Italian Minister of the Environment (b. 1949)
2015 – Wolf Gremm, German director and producer (b. 1942)
2015 – Masao Horiba, Japanese businessman, founded Horiba (b. 1924)
2016 – Helena Benitez, Filipino politician, educator and environmentalist (b. 1914)
2017 – Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (b. 1977)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_14

On this day - 14 July

1789 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.

The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, catalyzed violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon who brought many of its principles to areas he conquered in Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history

Some stamps and a First Day Cover from France and a stamp from Wallis & Futuna depicting the storming of the Bastille
http://www.stampio.org/2019/07/july-14th-in-stamps-bastille-tientsin-Woody-Guthrie.html

bazza4338 wrote: ↑Mon Jul 13, 2020 19:13:03 pm On this day - 14 July

1789 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.

The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, catalyzed violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon who brought many of its principles to areas he conquered in Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history

Thanks Bazza4338 for the detailed information.
Some more stamps and images on the same are shown below

On This Day, 14 July

1968- American baseball great Hank Aaron hit his 500th career home run.

On this day - 14 July

1789 – Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. Later named after him, the Mackenzie is the second-longest river system in North America.

On this day - 14 July

1865 – First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.

On this day - 14 July

1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
Henry McCarty (September 17 or November 23, 1859 – July 14, 1881), better known as "Billy the Kid" and also by the pseudonym William H. Bonney, was an outlaw and gunfighter of the American Old West who killed eight men before he was shot and killed at the age of 21. He also fought in New Mexico's Lincoln County War, during which he allegedly committed three murders.

On this day - 15 July

Events

484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
AD 70 – Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
756 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang is ordered by his Imperial Guards to execute chancellor Yang Guozhong by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. General An Lushan has other members of the emperor's family killed.
1099 – First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.
1149 – The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.
1207 – King John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton.
1240 – Swedish–Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.
1381 – John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.
1410 – Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War: Battle of Grunwald: The allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.
1482 – Muhammad XII is crowned the twenty-second and last Nasrid king of Granada.
1738 – Baruch Laibov and Alexander Voznitzin are burned alive in St. Petersburg, Russia. Vonitzin had converted to Judaism with Laibov's help, with the consent of Empress Anna Ivanovna.
1741 – Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.
1789 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, is named by acclamation Colonel General of the new National Guard of Paris.
1799 – The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.
1806 – Pike Expedition: United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Bellefontaine near St. Louis, Missouri, to explore the west.
1815 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMS Bellerophon.
1823 – A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.
1834 – The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years.
1838 – Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.
1862 – The CSS Arkansas, the most effective ironclad on the Mississippi River, battles with Union ships commanded by Admiral David Farragut, severely damaging three ships and sustaining heavy damage herself. The encounter changed the complexion of warfare on the Mississippi and helped to reverse Rebel fortunes on the river in the summer of 1862.
1870 – Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
1870 – Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.
1888 – The stratovolcano Mount Bandai erupts killing approximately 500 people, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.
1910 – In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gives a name to Alzheimer's disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.
1916 – In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).
1918 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Marne begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
1920 – The Polish Parliament establishes Silesian Voivodeship before the Polish-German plebiscite.
1922 – Japanese Communist Party is established in Japan.
1927 – Massacre of July 15, 1927: Eighty-nine protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.
1946 – State of North Borneo, today in Sabah, Malaysia, annexed by the United Kingdom.
1954 – First flight of the Boeing 367-80, prototype for both the Boeing 707 and C-135 series.
1955 – Eighteen Nobel laureates sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later co-signed by thirty-four others.
1959 – The steel strike of 1959 begins, leading to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history.
1966 – Vietnam War: The United States and South Vietnam begin Operation Hastings to push the North Vietnamese out of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone.
1971 – The United Red Army is founded in Japan.
1974 – In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek junta-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as Cypriot president.
1975 – Space Race: Apollo–Soyuz Test Project features the dual launch of an Apollo spacecraft and a Soyuz spacecraft on the first joint Soviet-United States human-crewed flight. It was both the last launch of an Apollo spacecraft, and the Saturn family of rockets.
1979 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his "malaise speech".
1983 – An attack at Orly Airport in Paris is launched by Armenian militant organisation ASALA, leaving eight people dead and 55 injured.
1996 – A Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport.
1998 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil MP S. Shanmuganathan is killed by a claymore mine.
2002 – "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and to possession of explosives during the commission of a felony.
2002 – Anti-Terrorism Court of Pakistan hands down the death sentence to British born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and life terms to three others suspected of murdering The Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
2003 – AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day.
2006 – Twitter, later one of the largest social media platforms in the world, is launched.
2014 – A train derails on the Moscow Metro, killing at least 24 and injuring more than 160 others.
2016 – Factions of the Turkish Armed Forces attempt a coup.

Births

980 – Ichijō, Japanese emperor (d. 1011)
1273 – Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and saint (d. 1352)
1353 – Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (d. 1410)
1359 – Antonio Correr, Italian cardinal (d. 1445)
1442 – Boček IV of Poděbrady, Bohemian nobleman (d. 1496)
1455 – Queen Yun, Korean queen (d. 1482)
1471 – Eskender, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1494)
1478 – Barbara Jagiellon, duchess consort of Saxony and Margravine consort of Meissen (d. 1534)
1573 – Inigo Jones, English architect, designed the Queen's House (d. 1652)
1600 – Jan Cossiers, Flemish painter (d. 1671)
1606 – Rembrandt, Dutch painter and etcher (d. 1669)
1611 – Jai Singh I, maharaja of Jaipur (d. 1667)
1613 – Gu Yanwu, Chinese philologist and geographer (d. 1682)
1631 – Jens Juel, Danish politician and diplomat, Governor-general of Norway (d. 1700)
1631 – Richard Cumberland, English philosopher (d. 1718)
1638 – Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1693)
1704 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German bishop and theologian (d. 1792)
1779 – Clement Clarke Moore, American author, poet, and educator (d. 1863)
1793 – Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, American educator, author, editor (d. 1884)
1796 – Thomas Bulfinch, American mythologist (d. 1867)
1799 – Reuben Chapman, American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Alabama (d. 1882)
1800 – Sidney Breese, American jurist and politician (d. 1878)
1808 – Henry Edward Manning, English cardinal (d. 1892)
1812 – James Hope-Scott, English lawyer and academic (d. 1873)
1817 – Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, English engineer, designed the Forth Bridge (d. 1898)
1827 – W. W. Thayer American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Oregon (d. 1899)
1848 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (d. 1923)
1850 – Frances Xavier Cabrini, Italian-American nun and saint (d. 1917)
1852 – Josef Josephi, Polish-born singer and actor (d. 1920)
1858 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English political activist and suffragist (d. 1928)
1864 – Marie Tempest, English actress and singer (d. 1942)
1865 – Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Anglo-Irish businessman and publisher, founded the Amalgamated Press (d. 1922)
1865 – Wilhelm Wirtinger, Austrian-German mathematician and theorist (d. 1945)
1867 – Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French physician and explorer (d. 1936)
1871 – Doppo Kunikida, Japanese journalist, author, and poet (d. 1908)
1880 – Enrique Mosca, Argentinian lawyer and politician (d. 1950)
1887 – Wharton Esherick, American sculptor (d. 1970)
1892 – Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and critic (d. 1940)
1893 – Enid Bennett, Australian-American actress (d. 1969)
1893 – Dick Rauch, American football player and coach (d. 1970)
1894 – Tadeusz Sendzimir, Polish-American engineer (d. 1989)
1899 – Seán Lemass, Irish soldier and politician, 4th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1971)
1902 – Jean Rey, Belgian lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the European Commission (d. 1983)
1903 – Walter D. Edmonds, American journalist and author (d. 1998)
1903 – K. Kamaraj, Indian journalist and politician (d. 1975)
1904 – Rudolf Arnheim, German-American psychologist and author (d. 2007)
1905 – Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d. 1974)
1905 – Anita Farra, Italian actress (d. 2008)
1906 – R. S. Mugali, Indian poet and academic (d. 1993)
1906 – Rudolf Uhlenhaut, English-German engineer (d. 1989)
1909 – Jean Hamburger, French physician and surgeon (d. 1992)
1911 – Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton, English geographer and politician, Secretary of State for Air (d. 1994)
1913 – Cowboy Copas, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1963)
1913 – Hammond Innes, English journalist and author (d. 1998)
1913 – Abraham Sutzkever, Russian poet and author (d. 2010)
1914 – Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani economist, scholar, and activist (d. 1999)
1914 – Howard Vernon, Swiss-French actor (d. 1996)
1915 – Albert Ghiorso, American chemist and academic (d. 2010)
1915 – Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian army officer (d. 2007)
1916 – Sumner Gerard, American politician and diplomat (d. 2004)
1917 – Robert Conquest, English-American historian, poet, and academic (d. 2015)
1917 – Joan Roberts, American actress and singer (d. 2012)
1917 – Nur Muhammad Taraki, Afghan journalist and politician (d. 1979)
1918 – Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
1918 – Brenda Milner, English-Canadian neuropsychologist and academic
1919 – Fritz Langanke, German lieutenant (d. 2012)
1919 – Iris Murdoch, Anglo-Irish British novelist and philosopher (d. 1999)
1921 – Henri Colpi, Swiss-French director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
1921 – Robert Bruce Merrifield, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
1922 – Leon M. Lederman, American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
1922 – Jean-Pierre Richard, French writer (d. 2019)
1923 – Francisco de Andrade, Portuguese sailor
1924 – Jeremiah Denton, American admiral and politician (d. 2014)
1924 – Marianne Bernadotte, Swedish actress and philanthropist
1925 – Philip Carey, American actor (d. 2009)
1925 – Taylor Hardwick, American architect, designed Haydon Burns Library and Friendship Fountain Park (d. 2014)
1925 – D. A. Pennebaker, American documentary filmmaker (d. 2019)
1925 – Evan Hultman, American politician
1925 – Antony Carbone, American actor
1925 – Pandel Savic, American football player (d. 2018)
1926 – Driss Chraïbi, Moroccan-French journalist and author (d. 2007)
1926 – Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentinian general and politician, 44th President of Argentina (d. 2003)
1926 – Raymond Gosling, English physicist and academic (d. 2015)
1926 – Sir John Graham, 4th Baronet, English diplomat (d. 2019)
1927 – Nan Martin, American actress (d. 2010)
1927 – Carmen Zapata, American actress (d. 2014)
1927 – Håkon Brusveen, Norwegian cross-country skier
1928 – Carl Woese, American microbiologist and biophysicist (d. 2012)
1928 – Viramachaneni Vimla Devi, Indian parliamentarian (d. 1967)
1929 – Charles Anthony, American tenor and actor (d. 2012)
1929 – Francis Bebey, Cameroonian-French guitarist (d. 2001)
1929 – Ian Stewart, Scottish race car driver (d. 2017)
1930 – Jacques Derrida, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (d. 2004)
1930 – Richard Garneau, Canadian journalist and sportscaster (d. 2013)
1930 – Stephen Smale, American mathematician and computer scientist
1930 – Einosuke Akiya, Japanese Buddhist leader
1931 – Clive Cussler, American archaeologist and author (d. 2020)
1931 – Joanna Merlin, American actress and casting director
1931 – Jacques-Yvan Morin, Canadian lawyer and politician, Deputy Premier of Quebec
1932 – Ed Litzenberger, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010)
1933 – Guido Crepax, Italian author and illustrator (d. 2003)
1933 – M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian author and screenwriter
1934 – Harrison Birtwistle, English composer and academic
1934 – Eva Krížiková, Czech actress (d. 2020)
1934 – Risto Jarva, Finnish director and producer (d. 1977)
1935 – Donn Clendenon, American baseball player and lawyer (d. 2005)
1935 – Alex Karras, American football player, wrestler, and actor (d. 2012)
1935 – Ken Kercheval, American actor and director (d. 2019)
1936 – George Voinovich, American lawyer and politician, 65th Governor of Ohio (d. 2016)
1937 – Prabhash Joshi, Indian journalist (d. 2009)
1938 – Ernie Barnes, American football player, actor, and painter (d. 2009)
1938 – Carmen Callil, Australian publisher, founded Virago Press
1938 – Barry Goldwater, Jr., American lawyer and politician
1939 – Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Portuguese economist and politician, 19th President of the Portuguese Republic
1940 – Denis Héroux, Canadian director and producer (d. 2015)
1940 – Ronald Gene Simmons, American sergeant and convicted murderer (d. 1990)
1940 – Robert Winston, English surgeon, academic, and politician
1942 – Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
1943 – Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Northern Irish astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic
1944 – Millie Jackson, American singer-songwriter
1945 – Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor (d. 2019)
1945 – David Arthur Granger, Guyanese politician, 9th President of Guyana
1945 – Peter Lewis (musician), American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1945 – Jürgen Möllemann, German soldier and politician, Vice-Chancellor of Germany (d. 2003)
1946 – Linda Ronstadt, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
1946 – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei
1947 – Peter Banks, English guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
1947 – Lydia Davis, American short story writer, novelist, and essayist
1947 – Pridiyathorn Devakula, Thai economist and politician, Thai Minister of Finance
1947 – Roky Erickson, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2019)
1948 – Twinkle, English singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
1948 – Dimosthenis Kourtovik, Greek anthropologist and critic
1948 – Artimus Pyle, American rock drummer and songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd)
1949 – Carl Bildt, Swedish politician and diplomat, Prime Minister of Sweden
1949 – Trevor Horn, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
1949 – Richard Russo, American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter
1950 – Colin Barnett, Australian economist and politician, 29th Premier of Western Australia
1950 – Arianna Huffington, Greek-American journalist and publisher (The Huffington Post)
1951 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
1951 – Jesse Ventura, American wrestler, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of Minnesota
1952 – David Pack, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1952 – Celia Imrie, English actress
1952 – Terry O'Quinn, American actor
1952 – Marky Ramone, American drummer and songwriter
1952 – Johnny Thunders, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1991)
1953 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Haitian priest and politician, 49th President of Haiti
1953 – Sultanah Haminah, Malaysian royal consort
1953 – Mohamad Shahrum Osman, Malaysian politician
1953 – Alicia Bridges, American singer-songwriter
1954 – John Ferguson, Australian rugby league player
1954 – Jeff Jarvis, American journalist and blogger
1954 – Giorgos Kaminis, American-Greek lawyer and politician, 78th Mayor of Athens
1954 – Mario Kempes, Argentinian footballer and manager
1956 – Ashoke Sen, Indian theoretical physicist and string theorist
1956 – Ian Curtis, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Joy Division) (d. 1980)
1956 – Nicholas Harberd, British botanist, educator and academician
1956 – Barry Melrose, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster
1956 – Steve Mortimer, Australian rugby league player, coach, and administrator
1956 – Joe Satriani, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1956 – Wayne Taylor, South African race car driver
1958 – Gary Heale, English footballer and coach
1958 – Mac Thornberry, American lawyer and politician
1959 – Vincent Lindon, French actor, director, and screenwriter
1960 – Kim Alexis, American fashion model
1961 – Lolita Davidovich, Canadian actress
1961 – Jean-Christophe Grangé, French journalist and screenwriter
1961 – Scott Ritter, American soldier and international weapons inspector
1961 – Forest Whitaker, American actor
1962 – Nikos Filippou, Greek basketball player and manager
1962 – Michelle Ford, Australian swimmer
1963 – Brigitte Nielsen, Danish-Italian actress
1963 – Steve Thomas, English-Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1965 – Alistair Carmichael, Scottish lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
1965 – Gero Miesenböck, Austrian neuroscientist and educator
1965 – David Miliband, English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
1966 – Jason Bonham, English singer-songwriter and drummer
1966 – Irène Jacob, French-Swiss actress
1967 – Adam Savage, American actor and special effects designer
1967 – Elbert West, American singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
1968 – Eddie Griffin, American comedian, actor, and producer
1969 – Ain Tammus, Estonian footballer and coach
1970 – Tarkan Gözübüyük, Turkish bass player and producer
1972 – Scott Foley, American actor
1973 – Brian Austin Green, American actor
1975 – Cherry, American wrestler and manager
1975 – Danny Law, English cricketer
1975 – Ben Pepper, Australian basketball player
1976 – Steve Cunningham, American boxer
1976 – Marco Di Vaio, Italian footballer
1976 – Diane Kruger, German actress and model
1976 – Gabriel Iglesias, Mexican-American comedian and voice actor
1977 – André Nel, South African cricketer
1977 – Lana Parrilla, American actress
1977 – John St. Clair, American football player
1977 – Ray Toro, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1978 – Miguel Olivo, Dominican baseball player
1979 – Laura Benanti, American actress and singer
1979 – Alexander Frei, Swiss footballer
1979 – Edda Garðarsdóttir, Icelandic footballer
1979 – Renata Kučerová, Czech tennis player
1980 – Reggie Abercrombie, American baseball player
1980 – BxB Hulk, Japanese professional wrestler
1980 – Jonathan Cheechoo, Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Julia Perez, Indonesian singer and actress (d. 2017)
1981 – Alou Diarra, French footballer
1981 – Petros Klampanis, Greek bassist and composer
1981 – Marius Stankevičius, Lithuanian footballer
1982 – Alan Pérez, Spanish cyclist
1982 – Neemia Tialata, New Zealand rugby player
1982 – Aída Yéspica, Venezuelan model and actress
1983 – Nelson Merlo, Brazilian race car driver
1983 – Will Rudge, English cricketer
1983 – Heath Slater, American wrestler
1984 – Angelo Siniscalchi, Italian footballer
1984 – Veronika Velez-Zuzulová, Slovak skier
1985 – Sanjeev, Tamil actor
1985 – Tomer Kapon, Israeli actor
1986 – Tyler Kennedy, Canadian ice hockey player
1988 – Riki Christodoulou, English race car driver
1989 – Steven Jahn, German footballer
1989 – Alisa Kleybanova, Russian tennis player
1989 – Anthony Randolph, American basketball player
1990 – Zach Bogosian, American ice hockey player
1990 – Damian Lillard, American basketball player
1991 – Danilo, Brazilian footballer
1991 – Derrick Favors, American basketball player
1991 – Evgeny Tishchenko, Russian boxer
1992 – Tobias Harris, American basketball player
1992 – Hokutōfuji Daiki, Japanese sumo wrestler
1992 – Wayde van Niekerk, South African sprinter
1993 – Håvard Nielsen, Norwegian footballer

Deaths
756 – Yang Guifei, consort of Xuan Zong (b. 719)
998 – Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī, Persian mathematician and astronomer (b. 940)
1015 – Vladimir the Great, Grand prince of Kievan Rus' (b. c. 958)
1274 – Bonaventure, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1221)
1291 – Rudolf I of Germany (b. 1218)
1299 – King Eric II of Norway (b. c. 1268)
1381 – John Ball, English Lollard priest
1388 – Agnes of Durazzo, titular Latin empress consort of Constantinople (d. 1313)
1397 – Catherine of Henneberg, German ruler (b. c. 1334)
1406 – William, Duke of Austria
1410 – Ulrich von Jungingen, German Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (b. 1360)
1445 – Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland
1542 – Lisa del Giocondo, subject of Leonardo da Vinci's painting Mona Lisa (b. 1479)
1544 – René of Châlon (b. 1519)
1571 – Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese daimyō (b. 1514)
1609 – Annibale Carracci, Italian painter and illustrator (b. 1560)
1614 – Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, French soldier, historian, and author (b. 1540)
1655 – Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (b. 1570)
1685 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, Dutch-English general and politician, Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull (b. 1649)
1750 – Vasily Tatishchev, Russian ethnographer and politician (b. 1686)
1765 – Charles-André van Loo, French painter (b. 1705)
1767 – Michael Bruce, Scottish poet and composer (b. 1746)
1789 – Jacques Duphly, French harpsichord player and composer (b. 1715)
1828 – Jean-Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (b. 1741)
1839 – Winthrop Mackworth Praed, English poet and politician (b. 1802)
1844 – Claude Charles Fauriel, French philologist and historian (b. 1772)
1851 – Juan Felipe Ibarra, Argentinian general and politician (b. 1787)
1857 – Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1791)
1858 – Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov, Russian painter (b. 1806)
1883 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer (b. 1838)
1885 – Rosalía de Castro, Spanish author and poet (b. 1837)
1890 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet, and playwright (b. 1819)
1898 – Jean-Baptiste Salpointe, French-American archbishop (d. 1825)
1904 – Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short story writer (b. 1860)
1919 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
1929 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1874)
1930 – Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1845)
1931 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian-German economist and mathematician (b. 1868)
1932 – Bahíyyih Khánum, Iranian writer and leader in the Baha'i faith (b. 1846) [11]
1932 – Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven, South African poet and politician (b. 1873)
1933 – Irving Babbitt, American scholar, critic, and academic (b. 1865)
1933 – Freddie Keppard, American cornet player (b. 1890)
1940 – Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist and physician (b. 1857)
1940 – Robert Wadlow, American giant, 8"11' 271 cm (b.1918)
1942 – Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino lawyer and politician (b. 1910)
1944 – Marie-Victorin Kirouac, Canadian botanist and academic (b. 1885)
1946 – Razor Smith, English cricketer and coach (b. 1877)
1947 – Walter Donaldson, American soldier and songwriter (b. 1893)
1948 – John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860)
1953 – Geevarghese Mar Ivanios, Indian archbishop, founded the Order of the Imitation of Christ (b. 1882)
1957 – James M. Cox, American publisher and politician, 46th Governor of Ohio (b. 1870)
1957 – Vasily Maklakov, Russian lawyer and politician (b. 1869)
1959 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss-American composer and academic (b. 1880)
1959 – Vance Palmer, Australian author and critic (b. 1885)
1960 – Set Persson, Swedish politician (b. 1897)
1960 – Lawrence Tibbett, American singer and actor (b. 1896)
1961 – John Edward Brownlee, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Alberta (b. 1884)
1961. – Nina Bari, Russian mathematician (b. 1901)
1965 – Francis Cherry, American lawyer and politician, 35th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1908)
1966 – Seyfi Arkan, Turkish architect (b. 1903)
1974 – Christine Chubbuck, American journalist (b. 1944)
1976 – Paul Gallico, American journalist and author (b. 1897)
1977 – Donald Mackay, Australian businessman and activist (b. 1933)
1979 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican academic and politician, 29th President of Mexico, 1964-1970 (b. 1911)
1981 – Frédéric Dorion, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1898)
1982 – Bill Justis, American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1926)
1986 – Billy Haughton, American harness racer and trainer (b. 1923)
1988 – Eleanor Estes, American librarian, author, and illustrator (b. 1906)
1989 – Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (b. 1956)
1990 – Zaim Topčić, Yugoslav and Bosnian writer (b. 1920)
1990 – Margaret Lockwood, English actress (b. 1916)
1990 – Omar Abu Risha, Syrian poet and diplomat, 4th Syrian Ambassador to the United States (b. 1910)
1991 – Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (b. 1933)
1992 – Hammer DeRoburt, Nauruan educator and politician, 1st President of Nauru (b. 1922)
1992 – Chingiz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani journalist and author (b. 1960)
1997 – Justinas Lagunavičius, Lithuanian basketball player (b. 1924)
1997 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer, founded Versace (b. 1946)
1998 – S. Shanmuganathan, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1960)
2000 – Louis Quilico, Canadian opera singer and educator (b. 1925)
2001 – C. Balasingham, Sri Lankan lawyer and civil servant (b. 1917)
2003 – Roberto Bolaño, Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist (b. 1953)
2003 – Elisabeth Welch, American actress and singer (b. 1904)
2006 – Robert H. Brooks, American businessman, founder of Hooters and Naturally Fresh, Inc. (b. 1937)
2006 – Alireza Shapour Shahbazi, Iranian archaeologist and academic (b. 1942)
2008 – György Kolonics, Hungarian canoe racer (b. 1972)
2010 – James E. Akins, American politician and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (b. 1926)
2011 – Friedrich Wilhelm Schnitzler, German landowner and politician (b. 1928)
2011 – Googie Withers, British-Australian actress (b. 1917)
2012 – Boris Cebotari, Moldovan footballer (b. 1975)
2012 – Tsilla Chelton, Israeli-French actress (b. 1919)
2012 – Grant Feasel, American football player (b. 1960)
2012 – David Fraser, English general (b. 1920)
2012 – Celeste Holm, American actress and singer (b. 1917)
2012 – Yoichi Takabayashi, Japanese director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
2013 – Ninos Aho, Syrian-American poet and activist (b. 1945)
2013 – Henry Braden, American lawyer and politician (b. 1944)
2013 – Tom Greenwell, American lawyer and judge (b. 1956)
2013 – Earl Gros, American football player (b. 1940)
2013 – Noël Lee, Chinese-American pianist and composer (b. 1924)
2013 – Meskerem Legesse, Ethiopian runner (b. 1986)
2013 – John T. Riedl, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1962)
2014 – Óscar Acosta, Honduran author, poet, and diplomat (b. 1933)
2014 – James MacGregor Burns, American historian, political scientist, and author (b. 1918)
2014 – Saúl Lara, Spanish footballer (b. 1982)
2014 – Edward Perl, American neuroscientist and academic (b. 1926)
2014 – Robert A. Roe, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)
2015 – Masahiko Aoki, Japanese-American economist and academic (b. 1938)
2015 – Wan Li, Chinese politician, 4th Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1916)
2015 – Aubrey Morris, British actor (b. 1926)
2015 – Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (b. 1933)
2017 – Martin Landau, American film and television actor (b. 1928)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_15

On this day - 15 July

1099 – First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The term refers especially to the Eastern Mediterranean campaigns in the period between 1096 and 1271 that had the objective of recovering the Holy Land from Islamic rule. The term has also been applied to other church-sanctioned campaigns fought to combat paganism and heresy, to resolve conflict among rival Roman Catholic groups, or to gain political and territorial advantage. The difference between these campaigns and other Christian religious conflicts was that they were considered a penitential exercise that brought forgiveness of sins declared by the church. Historians contest the definition of the term "crusade". Some restrict it to only armed pilgrimages to Jerusalem; others include all Catholic military campaigns with a promise of spiritual benefit; all Catholic holy wars; or those with a characteristic of religious fervour.
In 1095, Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. He encouraged military support for Byzantine Emperor Alexios I against the Seljuk Turks and an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Across all social strata in western Europe there was an enthusiastic popular response. Volunteers took a public vow to join the crusade. Historians now debate the combination of their motivations, which included the prospect of mass ascension into Heaven at Jerusalem, satisfying feudal obligations, opportunities for renown, and economic and political advantage. Initial successes established four Crusader states in the Near East: the County of Edessa; the Principality of Antioch; the Kingdom of Jerusalem; and the County of Tripoli. The crusader presence remained in the region in some form until the city of Acre fell in 1291, leading to the rapid loss of all remaining territory in the Levant. After this, there were no further crusades to recover the Holy Land.

On this day - 15 July

1799 – The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.
The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs.

The stone was carved during the Hellenistic period and is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at nearby Sais. It was probably moved in late antiquity or during the Mameluk period, and was eventually used as building material in the construction of Fort Julien near the town of Rashid (Rosetta) in the Nile Delta. It was discovered there in July 1799 by French soldier Pierre-François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt. It was the first Ancient Egyptian bilingual text recovered in modern times, and it aroused widespread public interest with its potential to decipher this previously untranslated hieroglyphic script. Lithographic copies and plaster casts began circulating among European museums and scholars. The British defeated the French and took the stone to London under the Capitulation of Alexandria in 1801. It has been on public display at the British Museum almost continuously since 1802 and is the most visited object there.

Jean-François Champollion announced the transliteration of the Egyptian scripts in Paris in 1822

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone

On this day - 16 July

Events

622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece.
1054 – Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal bull of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the start of the East–West Schism.
1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: After Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.
1232 – The Spanish town of Arjona declares independence and names its native Muhammad ibn Yusuf as ruler. This marks the Muhammad's first rise to prominence; he would later establish the Nasrid Emirate of Granada, the last independent Muslim state in Spain.
1251 – Celebrated by the Carmelite Order - but doubted by modern historians - as the day when Saint Simon Stock had a vision of the Virgin Mary
1377 – King Richard II of England is crowned.
1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.
1683 – Manchu Qing dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
1769 – Father Junípero Serra founds California's first mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Over the following decades, it evolves into the city of San Diego, California.
1779 – American Revolutionary War: Light infantry of the Continental Army seize a fortified British Army position in a midnight bayonet attack at the Battle of Stony Point.
1790 – The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act.
1809 – The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.
1849 – Antonio María Claret y Clará founds the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, popularly known as the Claretians in Vic, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
1861 – American Civil War: At the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25-mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war.
1862 – American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank.
1909 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar.
1910 – John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia.
1915 – Henry James becomes a British citizen to highlight his commitment to Britain during the first World War.
1915 – At Treasure Island on the Delaware River in the United States, the First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes place and the Order of the Arrow is founded to honor American Boy Scouts who best exemplify the Scout Oath and Law.
1927 – Augusto César Sandino leads a raid on U.S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional that had been sent to apprehend him in the village of Ocotal, but is repulsed by one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history.
1931 – Emperor Haile Selassie signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
1935 – The world's first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
1941 – Joe DiMaggio hits safely for the 56th consecutive game, a streak that still stands as an MLB record.
1942 – Holocaust: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv): The government of Vichy France orders the mass arrest of 13,152 Jews who are held at the Vélodrome d'Hiver in Paris before deportation to Auschwitz.
1945 – World War II: The heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with parts for the atomic bomb "Little Boy" bound for Tinian Island.
1945 – Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
1948 – Following token resistance, the city of Nazareth, revered by Christians as the hometown of Jesus, capitulates to Israeli troops during Operation Dekel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first aircraft hijacking of a commercial plane.
1950 – Chaplain–Medic massacre: American POWs are massacred by North Korean Army.
1951 – King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium.
1956 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus closes its last "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; due to changing economics, all subsequent circus shows will be held in arenas.
1965 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France and Italy opens.
1965 – South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo, a formerly undetected communist spy and double agent, is hunted down and killed by unknown individuals after being sentenced to death in absentia for a February 1965 coup attempt against Nguyễn Khánh.
1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11, the first mission to land astronauts on the Moon, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
1979 – Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr resigns and is replaced by Saddam Hussein.
1983 – Sikorsky S-61 disaster: A helicopter crashes off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities.
1990 – The Luzon earthquake strikes the Philippines with an intensity of 7.7, affecting Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, La Union, Aurora, Bataan, Zambales and Tarlac.
1990 – The Parliament of the Ukrainian SSR declares state sovereignty over the territory of the Ukrainian SSR.
1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife, Carolyn, and her sister, Lauren Bessette, died when the Piper Saratoga PA-32R aircraft he was piloting crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Martha's Vineyard.
2004 – Millennium Park, considered Chicago's first and most ambitious early 21st-century architectural project, is opened to the public by Mayor Richard M. Daley.
2007 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 and 6.6 aftershock occurs off the Niigata coast of Japan killing eight people, injuring at least 800 and damaging a nuclear power plant.
2013 – As many as 27 children die and 25 others are hospitalized after eating lunch served at their school in eastern India.
2015 – Four U.S. Marines and one gunman die in a shooting spree targeting military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
2019 – 100 years old building in Mumbai, India, collapsed, killing at least 10 people and many remaining trapped.

Births

1194 – Clare of Assisi, Italian nun and saint (d. 1253)
1486 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530)
1517 – Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, English duchess (d. 1559)
1529 – Petrus Peckius the Elder, Dutch jurist, writer on international maritime law (d. 1589)
1611 – Cecilia Renata of Austria (d. 1644)
1661 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Canadian captain, explorer, and politician (d. 1706)
1714 – Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French engineer and author (d. 1800)
1722 – Joseph Wilton, English sculptor and academic (d. 1803)
1723 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter and academic (d. 1792)
1731 – Samuel Huntington, American jurist and politician, 18th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1796)
1749 – Cyrus Griffin, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 16th President of the Continental Congress (d. 1810)
1796 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter and etcher (d. 1875)
1821 – Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader and author, founded Christian Science (d. 1910)
1841 – Nikolai von Glehn, Estonian-German architect and activist (d. 1923)
1858 – Eugène Ysaÿe, Belgian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1931)
1862 – Ida B. Wells, American journalist and activist (d. 1931)
1863 – Anderson Dawson, Australian politician, 14th Premier of Queensland (d. 1910)
1870 – Lambert McKenna, Irish priest, lexicographer, and scholar (d. 1956)
1871 – John Maxwell, American golfer (d. 1906)
1872 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian pilot and explorer (d. 1928)
1872 – Frank Cooper, Australian politician, 25th Premier of Queensland (d. 1949)
1880 – Kathleen Norris, American journalist and author (d. 1966)
1882 – Violette Neatley Anderson, American judge (d. 1937)
1883 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer and painter (d. 1965)
1884 – Anna Vyrubova, Russian author (d. 1964)
1887 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1951)
1888 – Percy Kilbride, American actor (d. 1964)
1888 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
1889 – Arthur Bowie Chrisman, American author (d. 1953)
1895 – Wilfrid Hamel, Canadian businessman and politician, 35th Mayor of Quebec City (d. 1968)
1896 – Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, German biologist and eugenicist (d. 1969)
1896 – Trygve Lie, Norwegian trade union leader and politician, 1st Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 1968)
1902 – Alexander Luria, Russian psychologist and physician (d. 1977)
1902 – Mary Philbin, American actress (d. 1993)
1903 – Fritz Bauer, German lawyer and judge (d. 1968)
1903 – Carmen Lombardo, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 1971)
1903 – Irmgard Flügge-Lotz, German mathematician and engineer (d. 1974)
1904 – Goffredo Petrassi, Italian composer and conductor (d. 2003)
1906 – Vincent Sherman, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
1907 – Frances Horwich, American educator and television host (d. 2001)
1907 – Orville Redenbacher, American farmer and businessman, founded Orville Redenbacher's (d. 1995)
1907 – Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (d. 1990)
1910 – Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer (d. 1968)
1910 – Gordon Prange, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1980)
1911 – Ginger Rogers, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1995)
1911 – Sonny Tufts, American actor (d. 1970)
1912 – Milt Bocek, American baseball player (d. 2007)
1912 – Amy Patterson, Argentine composer, singer, poet, and teacher (d. 2019)
1915 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (d. 2006)
1915 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003)
1918 – Denis Edward Arnold, English soldier (d. 2015)
1918 – Paul Farnes, famed World War II Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter pilot and one of "The Few" surviving pilots of the Battle of Britain (d. 2020)
1918 – Samuel Victor Perry, English biochemist and rugby player (d. 2009)
1919 – Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian SS officer (d. 1999)
1919 – Choi Kyu-hah, South Korean politician, 4th President of South Korea (d. 2006)
1920 – Anatole Broyard, American critic and editor (d. 1990)
1923 – Chris Argyris, American psychologist, theorist, and academic (d. 2013)
1923 – Bola Sete, Brazilian guitarist (d. 1987)
1924 – James L. Greenfield, American journalist and politician
1924 – Bess Myerson, American model, actress, game show panelist, and politician, Miss America 1945 (d. 2014)
1924 – Rupert Deese, Northern Mariana Islander ceramic artist (d. 2010)
1925 – Frank Jobe, American sergeant and surgeon (d. 2014)
1925 – Rosita Quintana, Argentine actress
1925 – Cal Tjader, American jazz musician (d. 1982)
1926 – Ivica Horvat, Croatian footballer and manager (d. 2012)
1926 – Irwin Rose, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
1927 – Pierre F. Côté, Canadian lawyer and civil servant (d. 2013)
1927 – Shirley Hughes, English author and illustrator
1927 – Derek Hawksworth, English footballer
1928 – Anita Brookner, English novelist and art historian (d. 2016)
1928 – Bella Davidovich, Soviet-American pianist
1928 – Robert Sheckley, American author and screenwriter (d. 2005)
1928 – Jim Rathmann, American race car driver (d. 2011)
1928 – Dave Treen, American lawyer and politician, 51st Governor of Louisiana (d. 2009)
1928 – Andrzej Zawada, Polish mountaineer and author (d. 2000)
1929 – Charles Ray Hatcher, American serial killer (d. 1984)
1929 – Sheri S. Tepper, American author and poet (d. 2016)
1929 – Gaby Tanguy, French swimmer
1930 – Guy Béart, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
1930 – Michael Bilirakis, American lawyer and politician
1930 – Bert Rechichar, American football defensive back and kicker (d. 2019)
1931 – Fergus Gordon Kerr, Scottish Roman Catholic priest of the English Dominican Province
1931 – Norm Sherry, American former catcher, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball
1932 – John Chilton, English trumpet player and composer (d. 2016)
1932 – Max McGee, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
1932 – Dick Thornburgh, American lawyer and politician, 76th United States Attorney General
1933 – Julian A. Brodsky, American businessman
1934 – Tomás Eloy Martínez, Argentine journalist (d. 2010)
1934 – Katherine D. Ortega, 38th Treasurer of the United States
1934 – Donald M. Payne, American educator and politician (d. 2012)
1935 – Carl Epting Mundy Jr., American general (d. 2014)
1935 – Lynn Wyatt, American socialite and philanthropist
1936 – Yasuo Fukuda, Japanese politician, 91st Prime Minister of Japan
1936 – Buddy Merrill, American guitarist
1936 – Jerry Norman, American sinologist and linguist (d. 2012)
1936 – Venkataraman Subramanya, Indian-Australian cricketer
1937 – Richard Bryan, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Nevada
1937 – John Daly, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
1938 – Cynthia Enloe, American author and academic
1938 – Tony Jackson, English singer and bass player (d. 2003)
1939 – William Bell, American singer-songwriter
1939 – Lido Vieri, Italian football manager and football player
1939 – Denise LaSalle, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2018)
1939 – Ruth Perry, president of Liberia (d. 2017)
1939 – Shringar Nagaraj, Indian actor and producer (d. 2013)
1939 – Corin Redgrave, English actor and activist (d. 2010)
1939 – Mariele Ventre, Italian singer and conductor (d. 1995)
1941 – Desmond Dekker, Jamaican singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
1941 – Dag Solstad, Norwegian author and playwright
1941 – Hans Wiegel, Dutch journalist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands
1941 – Sir George Young, 6th Baronet, English banker and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
1942 – Margaret Court, Australian tennis player and minister
1943 – Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban-American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1990)
1943 – Vernon Bogdanor, English political scientist and academic
1943 – Jimmy Johnson, American football player and coach
1944 – Angharad Rees, English-Welsh actress and jewellery designer (d. 2012)
1946 – Louise Fréchette, Canadian civil servant and diplomat, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
1946 – Barbara Lee, American politician
1946 – Ron Yary, American football player
1947 – Don Burke, Australian television host and producer
1947 – Alexis Herman, American businesswoman and politician, 23rd United States Secretary of Labor
1947 – Assata Shakur, American-Cuban criminal and activist
1948 – Rubén Blades, Panamanian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
1948 – Lars Lagerbäck, Swedish footballer and manager
1948 – Kevin McKenzie, South African cricketer
1948 – Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist and conductor
1949 – Alan Fitzgerald, American guitarist and keyboardist
1950 – Pierre Paradis, Canadian lawyer and politician
1950 – Dennis Priestley, English darts player
1950 – Frances Spalding, English historian and academic
1950 – Tom Terrell, American journalist and photographer (d. 2007)
1951 – Jean-Luc Mongrain, Canadian journalist
1951 – Che Rosli, Malaysian politician
1952 – Stewart Copeland, American drummer and songwriter
1952 – Richard Egielski, American author and illustrator
1952 – Marc Esposito, French director and screenwriter
1952 – Ken McEwan, South African cricketer
1953 – Douglas J. Feith, American lawyer and politician, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
1954 – Jeanette Mott Oxford, American politician
1955 – Susan Wheeler, American poet and academic
1955 – Saw Swee Leong, Malaysian badminton player
1956 – Tony Kushner, American playwright and screenwriter
1957 – Faye Grant, American actress
1957 – Alexandra Marinina, Ukrainian-Russian colonel and author
1958 – Mick Cornett, American politician, and former mayor of Oklahoma City.
1958 – Michael Flatley, American-Irish dancer and choreographer
1958 – Mike Rogers, American politician
1959 – Gary Anderson, South African-American football player
1959 – James MacMillan, Scottish composer and conductor
1959 – Zoran Jolevski, Macedonian economist, politician, and diplomat, Macedonian Ambassador to the United States
1959 – Jürgen Ligi, Estonian economist and politician, 25th Estonian Minister of Defence
1960 – Terry Pendleton, American baseball player and coach
1962 – Grigory Leps, Russian singer-songwriter
1963 – Phoebe Cates, American actress
1963 – Srečko Katanec, Slovenian footballer and coach
1963 – Mikael Pernfors, Swedish tennis player
1964 – Phil Hellmuth, American poker player
1964 – Miguel Induráin, Spanish cyclist
1965 – Michel Desjoyeaux, French sailor
1965 – Claude Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player
1965 – Sherri Stoner, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
1966 – Jyrki Lumme, Finnish ice hockey player
1967 – Will Ferrell, American actor, comedian, and producer
1968 – Dhanraj Pillay, Indian field hockey player and manager
1968 – Barry Sanders, American football player
1968 – Larry Sanger, American philosopher and businessman, co-founded Wikipedia and Citizendium
1968 – Michael Searle, Australian rugby league player and businessman
1968 – Robert Sherman, American songwriter and businessman
1968 – Olga Souza, Brazilian singer and dancer
1969 – Jules De Martino, English singer-songwriter and bass player
1969 – Kathryn Harby-Williams, Australian netball player and sportscaster
1970 – Raimonds Miglinieks, Latvian basketball player and coach
1970 – Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thai director, producer, and screenwriter
1971 – Corey Feldman, American actor
1971 – Ed Kowalczyk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Live)
1972 – Ben Cahoon, American-Canadian football player and coach
1972 – François Drolet, Canadian speed skater
1973 – Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
1973 – Graham Robertson, American director and producer
1973 – Tim Ryan, American politician
1974 – Jeremy Enigk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1974 – Maret Maripuu, Estonian politician, Estonian Minister of Social Affairs
1974 – Ryan McCombs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1974 – Wendell Sailor, Australian rugby player
1975 – Bas Leinders, Belgian race car driver
1976 – Tomasz Kuchar, Polish race car driver
1976 – Carlos Humberto Paredes, Paraguayan footballer
1976 – Anna Smashnova, Belarusian-Israeli tennis player
1977 – Bryan Budd, Northern Ireland-born English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2006)
1979 – Chris Mihm, American basketball player
1979 – Mai Nakamura, Japanese swimmer
1979 – Kim Rhode, American sport shooter
1979 – Nathan Rogers, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1979 – Konstantin Skrylnikov, Russian footballer
1980 – Adam Scott, Australian golfer
1981 – Giuseppe Di Masi, Italian footballer
1981 – Robert Kranjec, Slovenian ski jumper
1981 – Zach Randolph, American basketball player
1981 – Vicente Rodríguez, Spanish footballer
1982 – André Greipel, German cyclist
1982 – Carli Lloyd, American soccer player
1982 – Michael Umaña, Costa Rican footballer
1983 – Duncan Keith, Canadian ice hockey player
1984 – Hayanari Shimoda, Japanese race car driver
1984 – Attila Szabó, Hungarian decathlete
1985 – Mārtiņš Kravčenko, Latvian basketball player
1986 – Dustin Boyd, Canadian ice hockey player
1986 – Misako Uno, Japanese actress, singer, and fashion designer
1987 – Mousa Dembélé, Belgian footballer
1987 – AnnaLynne McCord, American actress and producer
1987 – Knowshon Moreno, American football player
1988 – Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer
1989 – Gareth Bale, Welsh footballer
1990 – Bureta Faraimo, New Zealand rugby league player
1990 – Wizkid, Nigerian singer and songwriter
1990 – Johann Zarco, French motorcycle racer
1991 – Nate Schmidt, American ice hockey player
1991 – Andros Townsend, English footballer
1996 – Daniel Pearson, English actor and presenter

Deaths

784 – Fulrad, Frankish diplomat and saint (b. 710)
866 – Irmgard, Frankish abbess
1212 – William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale
1216 – Pope Innocent III (b. 1160)
1324 – Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (b. 1267)
1342 – Charles I of Hungary (b. 1288)
1344 – An-Nasir Ahmad, Sultan of Egypt (b. 1316)
1509 – João da Nova, Portuguese explorer (b. 1460)
1546 – Anne Askew, English author and poet (b. 1520)
1557 – Anne of Cleves (b. 1515)
1576 – Isabella de' Medici, Italian noble (b. 1542)
1647 – Masaniello, Italian rebel (b. 1622)
1664 – Andreas Gryphius, German poet and playwright (b. 1616)
1686 – John Pearson, English bishop and scholar (b. 1612)
1691 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1641)
1729 – Johann David Heinichen, German composer and theorist (b. 1683)
1747 – Giuseppe Crespi, Italian painter (b. 1665)
1770 – Francis Cotes, English painter and academic (b. 1726)
1796 – George Howard, English field marshal and politician (b. 1718)
1831 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, French-Russian general (b. 1763)
1849 – Sarah Allen, African-American missionary for the African Methodist Episcopal Church (b. 1764)
1868 – Dmitry Pisarev, Russian author and critic (b. 1840)
1879 – Edward Deas Thomson, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Chief Secretary of New South Wales (b. 1800)
1882 – Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States 1861-1865 (b. 1818)
1886 – Ned Buntline, American journalist and author (b. 1823)
1896 – Edmond de Goncourt, French critic and publisher, founded Académie Goncourt (b. 1822)
1915 – Ellen G. White, American theologian and author (b. 1827)
1917 – Philipp Scharwenka, German composer and educator (b. 1847)
1939 – Bartholomeus Roodenburch, Dutch swimmer (b. 1866)
1949 – Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1866)
1953 – Hilaire Belloc, French-born British writer and historian (b. 1870)
1954 – Herms Niel, German soldier, trombonist, and composer (b. 1888)
1960 – Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (b. 1881)
1960 – John P. Marquand, American author (b. 1893)
1964 – Rauf Orbay, Turkish colonel and politician, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1881)
1965 – Boris Artzybasheff, Ukrainian-American illustrator (b.1899)
1969 – James Scott Douglas, English-born Scottish race car driver and 6th Baronet Douglas (b. 1930)
1981 – Harry Chapin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
1982 – Charles Robberts Swart, South African lawyer and politician, 1st State President of South Africa (b. 1894)
1985 – Heinrich Böll, German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
1985 – Wayne King, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (b. 1901)
1989 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor and manager (b. 1908)
1990 – Robert Blackburn, Irish educator (b. 1927)
1990 – Miguel Muñoz, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1922)
1991 – Meindert DeJong, Dutch-American soldier and author (b. 1906)
1991 – Robert Motherwell, American painter and academic (b. 1915)
1991 – Frank Rizzo, American police officer and politician, 93rd Mayor of Philadelphia (b. 1920)
1992 – Buck Buchanan, American football player and coach (b. 1940)
1994 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
1995 – May Sarton, American playwright and novelist (b. 1912)
1995 – Stephen Spender, English author and poet (b. 1909)
1996 – Adolf von Thadden, German lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)
1998 – John Henrik Clarke, American historian and scholar (b. 1915)
1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., American lawyer and publisher (b. 1960)
1999 – Alan Macnaughton, Canadian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons (b. 1903)
2001 – Morris, Belgian cartoonist (b. 1923)
2002 – John Cocke, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1925)
2003 – Celia Cruz, Cuban-American singer and actress (b. 1925)
2003 – Carol Shields, American-Canadian novelist and short story writer (b. 1935)
2004 – George Busbee, American lawyer and politician, 77th Governor of Georgia (b. 1927)
2004 – Charles Sweeney, American general and pilot (b. 1919)
2005 – Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (b. 1920)
2005 – Camillo Felgen, Luxembourgian singer-songwriter and radio host (b. 1920)
2006 – Winthrop Paul Rockefeller, American businessman and politician, 13th Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas (b. 1948)
2007 – Caterina Bueno, Italian singer and historian (b. 1943)
2008 – Jo Stafford, American singer (b. 1917)
2008 – Lindsay Thompson, Australian politician, 40th Premier of Victoria (b. 1923)
2011 – Forrest Blue, American football player (b. 1944)
2012 – William Asher, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
2012 – Stephen Covey, American businessman and author (b. 1932)
2012 – Gilbert Esau, American businessman and politician (b. 1919)
2012 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian bassist, pianist, and composer (b. 1932)
2012 – Masaharu Matsushita, Japanese businessman (b. 1913)
2012 – Kitty Wells, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1919)
2013 – Alex Colville, Canadian painter and academic (b. 1920)
2013 – Marv Rotblatt, American baseball player (1927)
2014 – Karl Albrecht, German businessman, co-founded Aldi (b. 1920)
2014 – Mary Ellen Otremba, American educator and politician (b. 1950)
2014 – Johnny Winter, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
2014 – Heinz Zemanek, Austrian computer scientist and academic (b. 1920)
2015 – Denis Avey, English soldier, engineer, and author (b. 1919)
2015 – Evelyn Ebsworth, English chemist and academic (b. 1933)
2015 – Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan footballer and manager (b. 1926)
2015 – Jack Goody, English anthropologist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
2017 – George Romero, American filmmaker (b. 1940)

On this day - 16 July

1910 – John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia.

On this day - 16 July

1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.

On this day - 16 July

1935 – The world's first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

On this day - 16 July

1965 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France and Italy opens.

On this day - 17 July

Events

180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
1048 – Damasus II is elected pope.
1203 – The Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile.
1402 – Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming dynasty of China.
1429 – Hundred Years' War: Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc.
1453 – Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years' War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.
1717 – King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel's Water Music is premiered.
1762 – Catherine II becomes tsar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia.
1771 – Bloody Falls massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.
1791 – Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing scores of people.
1794 – The 16 Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are executed ten days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.
1867 – Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first dental school in the U.S. that is affiliated with a university.
1821: The Kingdom of Spain cedes the territory of Florida to the United States.
1899 – NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
1902 – Willis Carrier creates the first air conditioner in Buffalo, New York.
1917 – King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor.
1918 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his immediate family and retainers are executed by Bolshevik Chekists at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
1918 – The RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the German SM U-55; five lives are lost.
1932 – Altona Bloody Sunday: A riot between the Nazi Party paramilitary forces, the SS and SA, and the German Communist Party ensues.
1936 – Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the civil war.
1938 – Douglas Corrigan takes off from Brooklyn to fly the "wrong way" to Ireland and becomes known as "Wrong Way" Corrigan.
1944 – Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California, killing 320.
1944 – World War II: At Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery in Normandy Field Marshal Erwin Rommel is seriously injured by allied aircraft while returning to his headquarters..
1945 – World War II: The main three leaders of the Allied nations, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin, meet in the German city of Potsdam to decide the future of a defeated Germany.
1953 – The largest number of United States midshipman casualties in a single event results from an aircraft crash in Florida, killing 44.
1955 – Disneyland is dedicated and opened by Walt Disney in Anaheim, California.
1962 – Nuclear weapons testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada National Security Site.
1968 – Abdul Rahman Arif is overthrown and the Ba'ath Party is installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President.
1973 – King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, while having surgery in Italy, is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan.
1975 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
1976 – East Timor is annexed, and becomes the 27th province of Indonesia.
1976 – The opening of the Summer Olympics in Montreal is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the games because of New Zealand's participation. Contrary to rulings by other international sports organizations, the IOC had declined to exclude New Zealand because of their participation in South African sporting events during apartheid.
1979 – Nicaraguan dictator General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami, Florida, United States.
1981 – A structural failure leads to the collapse of a walkway at the Hyatt Regency in Kansas City, Missouri, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200.
1984 – The national drinking age in the United States was changed from 18 to 21.
1985 – Founding of the EUREKA Network by former head of states François Mitterrand (France) and Helmut Kohl (Germany).
1989 – First flight of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber.
1989 – Holy See–Poland relations are restored.
1996 – TWA Flight 800: Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound TWA Boeing 747 explodes, killing all 230 on board.
1998 – The 7.0 Mw  Papua New Guinea earthquake triggers a tsunami that destroys ten villages in Papua New Guinea, killing up to 2,700 people, and leaving several thousand injured.
1998 – A diplomatic conference adopts the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, establishing a permanent international court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
2000 – During approach to Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Alliance Air Flight 7412 suddenly crashes into a residential neighborhood in Patna, killing 60 people.[4]
2001 – Concorde is brought back into service nearly a year after the July 2000 crash.
2006 – The 7.7 Mw  Pangandaran tsunami earthquake severely affects the Indonesian island of Java, killing 668 people, and leaving more than 9,000 injured.
2007 – TAM Airlines Flight 3054, an Airbus A320, crashes into a warehouse after landing too fast and missing the end of the São Paulo–Congonhas Airport runway, killing 199 people.
2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, a Boeing 777, crashes near the border of Ukraine and Russia after being shot down. All 298 people on board are killed.
2014 – A French regional train on the Pau-Bayonne line crashes into a high-speed train near the town of Denguin, resulting in at least 25 injuries.
2015 – At least 120 people are killed and 130 injured by a suicide bombing in Diyala Governorate, Iraq.
2018 – Scott S. Sheppard announces that his team has discovered a dozen irregular moons of Jupiter.

Births

1487 – Ismail I of Iran (d. 1524)
1499 – Maria Salviati, Italian noblewoman (d. 1543)
1531 – Antoine de Créqui Canaples, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1574)
1674 – Isaac Watts, English hymnwriter and theologian (d. 1748)
1695 – Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim (d. 1766)
1698 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1759)
1708 – Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (d. 1769)
1714 – Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, German philosopher and academic (d. 1762)
1744 – Elbridge Gerry, American merchant and politician, 5th Vice President of the United States (d. 1814)
1763 – John Jacob Astor, German-American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1848)
1774 – John Wilbur, American minister and theologian (d. 1856)
1797 – Paul Delaroche, French painter and academic (d. 1856)
1823 – Leander Clark, American businessman, judge, and politician (d. 1910)
1831 – Xianfeng Emperor of China (d. 1861)
1837 – Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 7th Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1886)
1839 – Ephraim Shay, American engineer, invented the Shay locomotive (d. 1916)
1853 – Alexius Meinong, Ukrainian-Austrian philosopher and academic (d. 1920)
1868 – Henri Nathansen, Danish director and playwright (d. 1944)
1870 – Charles Davidson Dunbar, Scottish soldier and bagpipe player (d. 1939)
1871 – Lyonel Feininger, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1956)
1879 – Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 1960)
1882 – James Somerville, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (d. 1949)
1888 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Ukrainian-Israeli novelist, short story writer and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
1889 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (d. 1970)
1894 – Georges Lemaître, Belgian priest, astronomer, and cosmologist (d. 1966)
1896 – Rupert Atkinson, English RAF officer (d. 1919)
1898 – Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991)
1898 – Osmond Borradaile, Canadian soldier and cinematographer (d. 1999)
1899 – James Cagney, American actor and dancer (d. 1986)
1900 – Marcel Dalio, French actor (d. 1983)
1901 – Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver (d. 1994)
1901 – Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet and author (d. 1938)
1901 – Patrick Smith, Irish farmer and politician, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (d. 1982)
1902 – Christina Stead, Australian author and academic (d. 1983)
1905 – William Gargan, American actor (d. 1979)
1910 – James Coyne, Canadian lawyer and banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (d. 2012)
1910 – Frank Olson, American chemist and microbiologist (d. 1953)
1911 – Lionel Ferbos, American trumpet player (d. 2014)
1911 – Heinz Lehmann, German-Canadian psychiatrist and academic (d. 1999)
1912 – Erwin Bauer, German race car driver (d. 1958)
1912 – Art Linkletter, Canadian-American radio and television host (d. 2010)
1913 – Bertrand Goldberg, American architect, designed the Marina City Building (d. 1997)
1914 – Eleanor Steber, American soprano and educator (d. 1990)
1915 – Bijon Bhattacharya, Indian actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1978)
1915 – Arthur Rothstein, American photographer and educator (d. 1985)
1917 – Lou Boudreau, American baseball player and manager (d. 2001)
1917 – Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian, and voice artist (d. 2012)
1917 – Kenan Evren, Turkish general and politician, 7th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
1917 – Christiane Rochefort, French author (d. 1998)
1918 – Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, Guatemalan soldier and politician, President of Guatemala (d. 2003)
1918 – Red Sovine, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1980)
1920 – Gordon Gould, American physicist and academic, invented the laser (d. 2005)
1920 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish businessman, 7th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 2010)
1921 – George Barnes, American guitarist, producer, and songwriter (d. 1977)
1921 – Louis Lachenal, French mountaineer (d. 1955)
1921 – Mary Osborne, American guitarist (d. 1992)
1921 – Toni Stone, American baseball player (d. 1996)
1921 – František Zvarík, Slovak actor (d. 2008)
1923 – Jeanne Block, American psychologist (d. 1981)
1923 – John Cooper, English car designer, co-founded the Cooper Car Company (d. 2000)
1924 – Garde Gardom, Canadian lawyer and politician, 26th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (d. 2013)
1925 – Jimmy Scott, American singer and actor (d. 2014)
1925 – Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Afghan politician
1926 – Édouard Carpentier, French-Canadian wrestler (d. 2010)
1926 – Willis Carto, American activist and theorist (d. 2015)
1928 – Vince Guaraldi, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1976)
1929 – Sergei K. Godunov, Russian mathematician and academic
1932 – Niccolò Castiglioni, Italian composer (d. 1996)
1932 – Red Kerr, American basketball player and coach (d. 2009)
1932 – Wojciech Kilar, Polish pianist and composer (d. 2013)
1932 – Karla Kuskin, American author and illustrator (d. 2009)
1932 – Slick Leonard, American basketball player and coach
1932 – Quino, Spanish-Argentinian cartoonist
1932 – Hal Riney, American businessman, founded Publicis & Hal Riney (d. 2008)
1933 – Keiko Awaji, Japanese actress (d. 2014)
1933 – Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Maltese politician, 9th Prime Minister of Malta
1933 – Tony Pithey, Zimbabwean-South African cricketer (d. 2006)
1934 – Lucio Tan, Chinese-Filipino billionaire businessman and educator
1935 – Diahann Carroll, American actress and singer (d. 2019)
1935 – Peter Schickele, American composer and educator
1935 – Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor and producer
1938 – Hermann Huppen, Belgian author and illustrator
1939 – Andrée Champagne, Canadian actress and politician
1939 – Spencer Davis, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
1939 – Ali Khamenei, Iranian cleric and politician, 2nd Supreme Leader of Iran
1940 – Tim Brooke-Taylor, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2020)
1941 – Daryle Lamonica, American football player
1941 – Bob Taylor, English cricketer
1941 – Achim Warmbold, German race car driver and manager
1942 – Don Kessinger, American baseball player and manager
1942 – Gale Garnett, New Zealand–born Canadian singer
1942 – Connie Hawkins, American basketball player (d. 2017)
1942 – Zoot Money, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
1943 – LaVyrle Spencer, American author and educator
1944 – Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer and footballer
1944 – Catherine Schell, Hungarian-English actress
1944 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2016)
1945 – Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
1945 – John Patten, Baron Patten, English politician, Secretary of State for Education
1946 – Chris Crutcher, American novelist and short story writer
1946 – Ted Sampley, American POW/MIA activist (d. 2009)
1947 – Joyce Anelay, Baroness Anelay of St John's, English educator and politician
1947 – Robert Begerau, German footballer and manager
1947 – Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
1947 – Wolfgang Flür, German musician (Kraftwerk)
1947 – Mick Tucker, English rock drummer (Sweet) (d. 2002)
1948 – Ron Asheton, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2009)
1948 – Luc Bondy, Swiss director and producer (d. 2015)
1949 – Geezer Butler, English bass player and songwriter
1949 – Charley Steiner, American journalist and sportscaster
1950 – Phoebe Snow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
1950 – Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Malaysian corporate figure
1950 – Sadhan Chandra Majumder, Bangladeshi politician
1951 – Lucie Arnaz, American actress and singer
1951 – Mark Bowden, American journalist and author
1951 – Andrew Robathan, English soldier and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces
1952 – David Hasselhoff, American actor, singer, and producer
1952 – Nicolette Larson, American singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
1952 – Thé Lau, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015)
1952 – Robert R. McCammon, American author
1954 – António Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal
1954 – Angela Merkel, German chemist and politician, 8th Chancellor of Germany
1954 – Edward Natapei, Vanuatuan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Vanuatu (d. 2015)
1954 – J. Michael Straczynski, American author, screenwriter, and producer
1955 – Sylvie Léonard, Canadian actress and screenwriter
1955 – Paul Stamets, American mycologist and author
1956 – Julie Bishop, Australian lawyer and politician, 38th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs
1956 – Bryan Trottier, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
1957 – Bruce Crump, American drummer and songwriter (d. 2015)
1957 – Wendy Freedman, Canadian-American cosmologist and astronomer
1958 – Wong Kar-wai, Chinese director, producer, and screenwriter
1958 – Suzanne Moore, English journalist
1958 – Susan Silver, American music manager
1958 – Thérèse Rein, Australian businesswoman, founded Ingeus
1959 – Pola Uddin, Baroness Uddin, Bangladeshi-English politician
1960 – Kim Barnett, English cricketer and coach
1960 – Mark Burnett, English-American screenwriter and producer
1960 – Nancy Giles, American journalist and actress
1960 – Robin Shou, Hong Kong martial artist and actor
1960 – Dawn Upshaw, American soprano
1960 – Jan Wouters, Dutch footballer and manager
1961 – António Costa, Portuguese politician, 119th Prime Minister of Portugal
1961 – Jeremy Hardy, English comedian and actor (d. 2019)
1963 – Regina Belle, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
1963 – Letsie III of Lesotho
1963 – Matti Nykänen, Finnish ski jumper and singer (d. 2019)
1965 – Craig Morgan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1965 – Alex Winter, English-American actor, film director and screenwriter
1966 – Lou Barlow, American guitarist and songwriter
1966 – Sten Tolgfors, Swedish lawyer and politician, 30th Swedish Minister of Defence
1969 – Scott Johnson, American cartoonist
1969 – Jaan Kirsipuu, Estonian cyclist
1971 – Calbert Cheaney, American basketball player and coach
1971 – Cory Doctorow, Canadian author and activist
1971 – Nico Mattan, Belgian cyclist
1972 – Elizabeth Cook, American singer and guitarist
1972 – Donny Marshall, American basketball player and sportscaster
1972 – Jason Rullo, American drummer
1972 – Jaap Stam, Dutch footballer and manager
1972 – Eric Williams, American basketball player
1973 – Eric Moulds, American football player
1974 – Claudio López, Argentine footballer
1975 – Andre Adams, New Zealand cricketer
1975 – Elena Anaya, Spanish actress
1975 – Darude, Finnish DJ and producer
1975 – Harlette, Australian-English fashion designer
1975 – Loretta Harrop, Australian triathlete
1976 – Luke Bryan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1976 – Gino D'Acampo, Italian chef and author
1976 – Dagmara Domińczyk, Polish-American actress
1976 – Marcos Senna, Brazilian-Spanish footballer
1976 – Anders Svensson, Swedish footballer and sportscaster
1977 – Andrew Downton, Australian cricketer
1977 – Leif Hoste, Belgian cyclist
1977 – Marc Savard, Canadian ice hockey player
1978 – Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist
1978 – Panda Bear, American musician and songwriter
1978 – Jason Jennings, American baseball player
1979 – Mike Vogel, American actor
1980 – Javier Camuñas, Spanish footballer
1980 – Ryan Miller, American ice hockey player
1981 – Hely Ollarves, Venezuelan runner
1982 – Omari Banks, Anguillan cricketer
1982 – Natasha Hamilton, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
1983 – Ryan Guettler, Australian motocross racer
1983 – Adam Lind, American baseball player
1985 – Loui Eriksson, Swedish ice hockey player
1985 – Tom Fletcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1985 – Neil McGregor, Scottish footballer
1986 – DeAngelo Smith, American football player
1986 – Lacey Von Erich, American wrestler
1987 – Darius Boyd, Australian rugby league player
1987 – Jan Charouz, Czech race car driver
1987 – Jeremih, American singer, songwriter, and record producer
1994 – Kali Uchis, American singer-songwriter
1994 – Benjamin Mendy, French footballer
1998 – Rosana Serrano, Cuban rower

Deaths

521 – Magnus Felix Ennodius, Gallo-Roman bishop
855 – Leo IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 790)
924 – Edward the Elder, English king (b. 877)
952 – Wu Hanyue, Chinese noblewoman (b. 913)
961 – Du, empress dowager of the Song Dynasty
1070 – Baldwin VI, count of Flanders (b. 1030)
1085 – Robert Guiscard, Norman adventurer
1119 – Baldwin VII, count of Flanders (b. 1093)
1210 – Sverker II, king of Sweden (b. 1210)
1304 – Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (b. 1251)
1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1374)
1453 – Dmitry Shemyaka, Grand Prince of Moscow
1453 – John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, English commander and politician (b. 1387)
1531 – Hosokawa Takakuni, Japanese commander (b. 1484)
1571 – Georg Fabricius, German poet and historian (b. 1516)
1588 – Mimar Sinan, Ottoman architect and engineer, designed the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque and Süleymaniye Mosque (b. 1489)
1603 – Mózes Székely, Hungarian noble (b. 1553)
1645 – Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, English-Scottish politician, Lord Chamberlain of the United Kingdom (b. 1587)
1704 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. 1657)
1709 – Robert Bolling, English planter and merchant (b. 1646)
1725 – Thomas King, English and British soldier, MP for Queenborough, lieutenant-governor of Sheerness (b. before 1660?).
1762 – Peter III of Russia (b. 1728)
1790 – Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher (b. 1723)
1791 – Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian missionary and author (b. 1717)
1793 – Charlotte Corday, French murderer (b. 1768)
1794 – John Roebuck, English chemist and businessman (b. 1718)
1845 – Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1764)
1871 – Karl Tausig, Polish virtuoso pianist, arranger and composer (b. 1841)
1878 – Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet and politician (b. 1812)
1879 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian-Polish painter (b. 1856)
1881 – Jim Bridger, American scout and explorer (b. 1804)
1883 – Tự Đức, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1829)
1885 – Jean-Charles Chapais, Canadian farmer and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1811)
1887 – Dorothea Dix, American nurse and activist (b. 1802)
1893 – Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician (b. 1833)
1894 – Leconte de Lisle, French poet and translator (b. 1818)
1894 – Josef Hyrtl, Austrian anatomist and biologist (b. 1810)
1900 – Thomas McIlwraith, Scottish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Queensland (b. 1835)
1907 – Hector Malot, French author and critic (b. 1830)
1912 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, physicist, and engineer (b. 1854)
1918 – Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family
Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1901)
Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1899)
Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1895)
Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1897)
Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia (b. 1872)
Aleksei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia (b. 1904)
Nikolai II of Russia (b. 1868)
Anna Demidova (b. 1878)
Ivan Kharitonov (b. 1872)
Alexei Trupp (b. 1858)
Yevgeny Botkin (b. 1865)
1925 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (b. 1858)
1928 – Giovanni Giolitti, Italian politician, 13th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1842)
1928 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican general and politician, 39th President of Mexico (b. 1880)
1932 – Rasmus Rasmussen, Norwegian actor, singer, and director (b. 1862)
1935 – George William Russell, Irish poet and painter (b. 1867)
1942 – Robina Nicol, New Zealand photographer and suffragist (b. 1861)[15]
1944 – William James Sidis, American mathematician and anthropologist (b. 1898)
1945 – Ernst Busch, German field marshal (b. 1885)
1946 – Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (b. 1867)
1946 – Draža Mihailović, Serbian general (b. 1893)
1950 – Evangeline Booth, English 4th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1865)
1950 – Antonie Nedošinská, Czech actress (b. 1885)
1959 – Billie Holiday, American singer (b. 1915)
1959 – Eugene Meyer, American businessman and publisher (b. 1875)
1960 – Maud Menten, Canadian physician and biochemist (b. 1879)[16]
1961 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player and manager (b. 1886)
1961 – Emin Halid Onat, Turkish architect and academic (b. 1908)
1967 – John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1926)
1974 – Dizzy Dean, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1910)
1975 – Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian author (b. 1893)
1980 – Don "Red" Barry, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1912)
1980 – Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1890)
1988 – Bruiser Brody, American football player and wrestler (b. 1946)
1989 – Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (b. 1922)
1991 – John Patrick Spiegel, American psychiatrist and academic (b. 1911)
1994 – Jean Borotra, French tennis player (b. 1898)
1995 – Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1911)
1996 – Victims of TWA Flight 800
Michel Breistroff, French ice hockey player (b. 1971)
Marcel Dadi, Tunisian-French guitarist (b. 1951)
David Hogan, American composer (b. 1949)
Jed Johnson, American interior designer and director (b. 1948)
1996 – Chas Chandler, American bass player and producer (b. 1938)
1998 – Lillian Hoban, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)
2001 – Katharine Graham, American publisher (b. 1917)
2002 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1911)
2003 – David Kelly, Welsh weapons inspector (b. 1944)
2003 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichord player (b. 1914)
2003 – Walter Zapp, Latvian-Swiss inventor, invented the Minox (b. 1905)
2005 – Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (b. 1913)
2005 – Edward Heath, English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1916)
2005 – Joe Vialls, Australian journalist and theorist (b. 1944)
2006 – Sam Myers, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
2006 – Mickey Spillane, American crime novelist (b. 1918)[17]
2007 – Grant Forsberg, American actor and businessman (b. 1959)
2007 – Júlio Redecker, Brazilian politician (b. 1956)
2007 – Paulo Rogério Amoretty Souza, Brazilian lawyer and businessman (b. 1945)
2009 – Walter Cronkite, American journalist and actor (b. 1916)
2009 – Leszek Kołakowski, Polish historian and philosopher (b. 1927)
2010 – Larry Keith, American actor (b. 1931)
2011 – David Ngoombujarra, Australian actor (b. 1967)
2012 – Richard Evatt, English boxer (b. 1973)
2012 – Forrest S. McCartney, American general (b. 1931)
2012 – İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish-American composer and producer (b. 1926)
2012 – William Raspberry, American journalist and academic (b. 1935)
2012 – Marsha Singh, Indian-English politician (b. 1954)
2013 – Henri Alleg, English-French journalist and author (b. 1921)
2013 – Peter Appleyard, English-Canadian vibraphone player and composer (b. 1928)
2013 – Vincenzo Cerami, Italian screenwriter and producer (b. 1940)
2013 – Don Flye, American tennis player (b. 1933)
2013 – Ian Gourlay, English general (b. 1920)
2013 – David White, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1933)[18]
2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 victims:
Liam Davison, Australian author and critic (b. 1957)
Shuba Jay, Malaysian actress (b. 1976)
Joep Lange, Dutch physician and academic (b. 1954)
Willem Witteveen, Dutch scholar and politician (b. 1952)
2014 – Henry Hartsfield, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1933)
2014 – Otto Piene, German sculptor and academic (b. 1928)
2014 – Elaine Stritch, American actress and singer (b. 1925)
2015 – Bill Arnsparger, American football player and coach (b. 1926)
2015 – Jules Bianchi, French race car driver (b. 1989)
2015 – Owen Chadwick, English rugby player, historian, and academic (b. 1916)
2015 – Van Miller, American sportscaster (b. 1927)
2015 – John Taylor, English pianist and educator (b. 1942)

On this day - 17 July

1938 – Douglas Corrigan takes off from Brooklyn to fly the "wrong way" to Ireland and becomes known as "Wrong Way" Corrigan.
Douglas Corrigan (January 22, 1907 – December 9, 1995) was an American aviator born in Galveston, Texas. He was nicknamed "Wrong Way" in 1938. After a transcontinental flight from Long Beach, California, to New York City, he flew from Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, to Ireland, though his flight plan was filed to return to Long Beach. He claimed his unauthorised flight was due to a navigational error, caused by heavy cloud cover that obscured landmarks and low-light conditions, causing him to misread his compass. However, he was a skilled aircraft mechanic (he was one of the builders of Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis) and had made several modifications to his own plane, preparing it for his transatlantic flight. He had been denied permission to make a nonstop flight from New York to Ireland, and his "navigational error" was seen as deliberate. Nevertheless, he never publicly admitted to having flown to Ireland intentionally.

On this day - 17 July

1955 – Disneyland is dedicated and opened by Walt Disney in Anaheim, California.

On this day - 18 July



Events

477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
387 BC – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
362 – Roman–Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.
452 – Sack of Aquileia: After an earlier defeat on the Catalaunian Plains, Attila lays siege to the metropolis of Aquileia and eventually destroys it.
645 – Chinese forces under general Li Shiji besiege the strategic fortress city of Anshi (Liaoning) during the Goguryeo–Tang War.
1195 – Battle of Alarcos: Almohad forces defeat the Castilian army of Alfonso VIII and force its retreat to Toledo.
1290 – King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities.
1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
1389 – France and England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, inaugurating a 13-year peace, the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years' War.
1391 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war: Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present-day southeast Russia.
1507 – In Brussels, Prince Charles I, is crowned Duke of Burgundy and Count of Flanders, a year after inheriting the title.
1555 – The College of Arms is reincorporated by Royal charter signed by Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain.
1806 – A gunpowder magazine explosion in Birgu, Malta, kills around 200 people.
1812 – The Treaties of Orebro end both the Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.
1841 – Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil.
1857 – Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
1862 – First ascent of Dent Blanche, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Fort Wagner: One of the first formal African American military units, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
1870 – The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
1872 – The Ballot Act 1872 in the United Kingdom introduced the requirement that parliamentary and local government elections be held by secret ballot.
1914 – The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving official status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.
1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.
1936 – On the Spanish mainland, a faction of the army supported by fascists, rises up against the Second Spanish Republic in a coup d'état starting the 3-year-long Civil War, resulting in the longest dictatorship in modern European history.
1942 – World War II: During the Beisfjord massacre in Norway, 15 Norwegian paramilitary guards help members of the SS to kill 288 political prisoners from Yugoslavia.
1942 – The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 using its jet engines for the first time.
1944 – World War II: Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan because of numerous setbacks in the war effort.
1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle.
1966 – A racially charged incident in a bar sparks the six-day Hough riots in Cleveland, Ohio; 1,700 Ohio National Guard troops intervene to restore order.
1968 – Intel is founded in Mountain View, California.
1976 – Nadia Comăneci becomes the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
1982 – Two hundred sixty-eight Guatemalan campesinos ("peasants" or "country people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre.
1984 – McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.
1992 – A picture of Les Horribles Cernettes was taken, which became the first ever photo posted to the World Wide Web.
1994 – The bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Jewish Community Center) in Buenos Aires kills 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
1994 – Rwandan genocide: The Rwandan Patriotic Front takes control of Gisenyi and north western Rwanda, forcing the interim government into Zaire and ending the genocide.
1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufrière Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital, forcing most of the population to flee.
1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River, beginning one of Quebec's costliest natural disasters ever.
1996 – Battle of Mullaitivu: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam capture the Sri Lanka Army's base, killing over 1200 soldiers.
2012 – At least seven people are killed and 32 others are injured after a bomb explodes on an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport, Bulgaria.
2013 – The Government of Detroit, with up to $20 billion in debt, files for the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.
2019 – A man sets fire to an anime studio in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan, killing at 35 people and injuring dozens of others.

Births

1013 – Hermann of Reichenau, German composer, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1013)
1501 – Isabella of Austria, queen of Denmark (d. 1526)
1504 – Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss pastor and reformer (d. 1575)
1534 – Zacharius Ursinus, German theologian (d. 1583)
1552 – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
1634 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
1659 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
1670 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1747)
1702 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1735)
1718 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1808)
1720 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist and ecologist (d. 1793)
1724 – Maria Antonia of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (d. 1780)
1750 – Frederick Adolf, duke of Östergötland (d. 1803)
1796 – Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher and academic (d. 1879)
1811 – William Makepeace Thackeray, English author and poet (d. 1863)
1818 – Louis Gerhard De Geer, Swedish lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1896)
1821 – Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (d. 1910)
1837 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian priest and activist (d. 1873)
1843 – Virgil Earp, American marshal (d. 1905)
1845 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)
1848 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer and physician (d. 1915)
1853 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
1861 – Kadambini Ganguly, Indian physician, one of the first Indian women to obtain a degree (d. 1923)
1864 – Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1937)
1867 – Margaret Brown, American philanthropist and activist (d. 1932)
1871 – Giacomo Balla, Italian painter (d.1958)
1871 – Sada Yacco, Japanese actress and dancer (d. 1946)
1881 – Larry McLean, Canadian-American baseball player (d. 1921)
1884 – Alberto di Jorio, Italian cardinal (d. 1979)
1886 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (d. 1945)
1887 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian military officer and politician, Minister President of Norway (d. 1945)
1889 – Kōichi Kido, Japanese politician, 13th Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan (d. 1977)
1890 – Frank Forde, Australian educator and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)
1892 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (d. 1969)
1893 – David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie, Scottish peer, soldier and courtier (d. 1968)
1895 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian-American ballerina (d. 1991)
1895 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (d. 1954)
1897 – Ernest Eldridge, English race car driver and engineer (d. 1935)
1898 – John Stuart, Scottish-English actor (d. 1979)
1899 – Ernst Scheller, German soldier and politician, 8th Mayor of Marburg (d. 1942)
1900 – Nathalie Sarraute, French lawyer and author (d. 1999)
1902 – Jessamyn West, American author (d. 1984)
1902 – Chill Wills, American actor (d. 1978)
1905 – Robert Elton Brooker, American business executive (d. 2000)
1906 – S. I. Hayakawa, Canadian-American academic and politician (d. 1992)
1906 – Clifford Odets, American director, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1963)
1908 – Peace Pilgrim, American mystic and activist (d. 1981)
1908 – Lupe Vélez, Mexican-American actress and dancer (d. 1944)
1908 – Beatrice Aitchison, American mathematician, statistician, and transportation economist (d. 1997)
1909 – Bishnu Dey, Indian poet, critic, and academic (d. 1982)
1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Belarusian-Russian economist and politician, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1989)
1909 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, Afghan commander and politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)
1909 – Harriet Nelson, American singer and actress (d. 1994)
1910 – Diptendu Pramanick, Indian businessman (d. 1989)
1910 – Mamadou Dia, Senegalese politician; 1st Prime Minister of Senegal (d. 2009)
1911 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
1913 – Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)
1914 – Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist (d. 2000)
1914 – Oscar Heisserer, French footballer (d. 2004)
1915 – Carequinha, Brazilian clown and actor (d. 2006)
1915 – Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003)
1915 – Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010)
1916 – Charles Kittel, American physicist (d. 2019)
1917 – Henri Salvador, French singer and guitarist (d. 2008)
1917 – Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (d. 2019)
1918 – Nelson Mandela, South African lawyer and politician, 1st President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
1919 – Lilia Dale, Italian actress
1920 – Eric Brandon, English race car driver and businessman (d. 1982)
1921 – Peter Austin, English brewer, founded Ringwood Brewery (d. 2014)
1921 – Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist and academic
1921 – John Glenn, American colonel, astronaut, and politician (d. 2016)
1921 – Richard Leacock, English-French director and producer (d. 2011)
1921 – Heinz Bennent, German actor (d. 2011)
1922 – Thomas Kuhn, American physicist, historian, and philosopher (d. 1996)
1923 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American engineer and businessman (d. 1997)
1923 – Michael Medwin, English actor (d. 2020)
1924 – Inge Sørensen, Danish swimmer (d. 2011)
1924 – Tullio Altamura, Italian actor
1925 – Shirley Strickland, Australian runner and hurdler (d. 2004)
1925 – Friedrich Zimmermann, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of the Interior (d. 2012)
1925 – Raymond Jones, Australian Modernist architect
1925 – Windy McCall, American baseball relief pitcher (d. 2015)
1926 – Margaret Laurence, Canadian author and academic (d. 1987)
1926 – Nita Bieber, American actress (d. 2019)
1926 – Bernard Pons, French politician and medical doctor
1926 – Maunu Kurkvaara, Finnish film director and screenwriter
1927 – Mehdi Hassan, Pakistani ghazal singer and playback singer (d. 2012)
1927 – Kurt Masur, German conductor and educator (d. 2015)
1927 – Antonio García-Trevijano, Spanish republican, political activist, and author (d. 2018)
1927 – Keith MacDonald, Canadian politician
1927 – Anthony Mirra, American gangster, member of the Bonanno Crime Family (d. 1982)
1928 – Andrea Gallo, Italian priest and author (d. 2013)
1928 – Baddiewinkle, American internet personality
1929 – Dick Button, American figure skater and actor
1929 – Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American R&B singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 2000)
1932 – Robert Ellis Miller, American director and screenwriter (d. 2017)
1933 – Jean Yanne, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
1933 – Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet and playwright (d. 2017)
1934 – Edward Bond, English director, playwright, and screenwriter
1934 – Darlene Conley, American actress (d. 2007)
1935 – Tenley Albright, American figure skater and physician
1935 – Jayendra Saraswathi, Indian guru, 69th Shankaracharya
1937 – Roald Hoffmann, Polish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1937 – Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)
1938 – John Connelly, English footballer (d. 2012)
1938 – Ian Stewart, Scottish keyboard player and manager (d. 1985)
1938 – Paul Verhoeven, Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter
1939 – Brian Auger, English rock and jazz keyboard player
1939 – Dion DiMucci, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1939 – Jerry Moore, American football player and coach
1940 – James Brolin, American actor
1940 – Joe Torre, American baseball player and manager
1941 – Frank Farian, German songwriter and producer
1941 – Lonnie Mack, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
1941 – Martha Reeves, American singer and politician
1942 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006)
1942 – Adolf Ogi, Swiss politician, 84th President of the Swiss Confederation
1943 – Joseph J. Ellis, American historian and author
1944 – David Hemery, English hurdler and author
1945 – Pat Doherty, Irish Republican politician
1946 – Kalpana Mohan, Indian actress
1946 – John Naughton, Scottish-Irish journalist, author, and academic
1947 – Steve Forbes, American publisher and politician
1948 – Carlos Colón Sr., Puerto Rican-American wrestler and promoter
1948 – Jeanne Córdova, American journalist and activist (d. 2016)
1948 – Graham Spanier, 16th President of Pennsylvania State University
1948 – Hartmut Michel, German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1949 – Dennis Lillee, Australian cricketer and coach
1950 – Richard Branson, English businessman, founded Virgin Group
1950 – Jack Dongarra, American computer scientist and academic
1950 – Kostas Eleftherakis, Greek footballer
1950 – Glenn Hughes, American disco singer (Village People) and actor (d. 2001)
1950 – Jack Layton, Canadian political scientist, academic, and politician (d. 2011)
1950 – Mark Udall, American educator and politician
1951 – Elio Di Rupo, Belgian chemist, academic, and politician, 68th Prime Minister of Belgium
1951 – Margo Martindale, American actress
1954 – Ricky Skaggs, American singer-songwriter, mandolin player, and producer
1955 – Bernd Fasching, Austrian painter and sculptor
1957 – Nick Faldo, English golfer and sportscaster
1957 – Keith Levene, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1960 – Simon Heffer, English journalist and author
1961 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress
1961 – Alan Pardew, English footballer and manager
1961 – Pasi Rautiainen, Finnish footballer, coach, and manager
1962 – Shaun Micallef, Australian comedian, producer, and screenwriter
1963 – Marc Girardelli, Austrian-Luxembourgian skier
1963 – Martín Torrijos, Panamanian economist and politician, 35th President of Panama
1964 – Wendy Williams, American talk show host
1965 – Vesselina Kasarova, Bulgarian soprano
1966 – Dan O'Brien, American decathlete and coach
1967 – Vin Diesel, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1968 – Grant Bowler, New Zealand-Australian actor
1968 – Scott Gourley, Australian rugby player
1969 – Elizabeth Gilbert, American author
1969 – The Great Sasuke, Japanese wrestler and politician
1971 – Penny Hardaway, American basketball player and coach
1971 – Sukhwinder Singh, Indian singer-songwriter and actor
1974 – Alan Morrison, British poet
1975 – Torii Hunter, American baseball player
1975 – Daron Malakian, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1975 – M.I.A., English rapper and producer5
1976 – Elsa Pataky, Spanish actress
1976 – Go Soo-hee, South Korean actress
1977 – Alexander Morozevich, Russian chess player and author
1978 – Adabel Guerrero, Argentinian actress, singer, and dancer
1978 – Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player and sportscaster
1978 – Crystal Mangum, American murderer responsible for making false rape allegations in the Duke lacrosse case
1978 – Joo Sang-wook, South Korean actor
1978 – Ben Sheets, American baseball player and coach
1978 – Mélissa Theuriau, French journalist
1979 – Deion Branch, American football player
1979 – Joey Mercury, American wrestler and producer
1980 – Kristen Bell, American actress
1981 – Dennis Seidenberg, German ice hockey player
1982 – Ryan Cabrera, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1982 – Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress, singer, and film producer
1982 – Carlo Costly, Honduran footballer
1983 – Carlos Diogo, Uruguayan footballer
1983 – Aaron Gillespie, American singer-songwriter and drummer
1983 – Mikk Pahapill, Estonian decathlete
1983 – Jan Schlaudraff, German footballer
1985 – Chace Crawford, American actor
1985 – Panagiotis Lagos, Greek footballer
1985 – James Norton, English actor
1986 – Natalia Mikhailova, Russian ice dancer
1987 – Tontowi Ahmad, Indonesian badminton player
1988 – Änis Ben-Hatira, German-Tunisian footballer
1988 – César Villaluz, Mexican footballer
1989 – Jamie Benn, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 – Sebastian Mielitz, German footballer
1989 – Yohan Mollo, French footballer
1993 – Lee Tae-min, South Korean singer and actor
1993 – Michael Lichaa, Australian rugby league player
1994 – Nilo Soares, East Timorese footballer
1997 – Noah Lyles, American sprinter
2001 – Agustina Roth, Argentine BMX rider

Deaths

707 – Emperor Monmu of Japan (b. 683)
715 – Muhammad bin Qasim, Umayyad general (b. 695)
912 – Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor (b. 852)
924 – Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, Abbasid vizier (b. 855)
928 – Stephen II, patriarch of Constantinople
984 – Dietrich I, bishop of Metz
1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon, Frankish knight (b. 1016)
1185 – Stefan, first Archbishop of Uppsala (b. before 1143)
1194 – Guy of Lusignan, king consort of Jerusalem (b. c. 1150)
1232 – John de Braose, Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower
1270 – Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury
1300 – Gerard Segarelli, Italian religious leader, founded the Apostolic Brethren (b. 1240)
1450 – Francis I, Duke of Brittany (b. 1414)
1488 – Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
1566 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish bishop and historian (b. 1484)
1591 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
1608 – Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546)
1610 – Caravaggio, Italian painter (b. 1571)
1639 – Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
1650 – Robert Levinz, English Royalist, hanged in London by Parliamentary forces as a spy (b. 1615)
1695 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
1698 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian and author (b. 1633)
1721 – Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684)
1730 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, French general (b. 1644)
1756 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch poet and playwright (b. 1683)
1792 – John Paul Jones, Scottish-American admiral and diplomat (b. 1747)
1817 – Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)
1837 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant and rebel leader (b. 1777)
1863 – Robert Gould Shaw, American colonel (b. 1837)
1872 – Benito Juárez, Mexican lawyer and politician, 26th President of Mexico (b. 1806)
1884 – Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist and academic (b. 1829)
1887 – Dorothea Dix, American social reformer and activist (b. 1802)
1890 – Lydia Becker, English journalist, author, and activist, co-founded the Women's Suffrage Journal (b. 1827)
1892 – Thomas Cook, English travel agent, founded the Thomas Cook Group (b. 1808)
1899 – Horatio Alger, American novelist and journalist (b. 1832)
1916 – Benjamin C. Truman, American journalist and author (b. 1835)
1925 – Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Canadian cardinal (b. 1840)
1932 – Jean Jules Jusserand, French author and diplomat, French Ambassador to the United States (b. 1855)
1937 – Julian Bell, English poet and academic (b. 1908)
1938 – Marie of Romania (b. 1875)
1944 – Thomas Sturge Moore, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1870)
1947 – Evald Tipner, Estonian footballer and ice hockey player (b. 1906)
1948 – Herman Gummerus, Finnish historian, academic, and politician (b. 1877)
1949 – Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer and educator (b. 1870)
1949 – Francisco Javier Arana, Guatemalan Army colonel and briefly Guatemalan head of state (b.1905)
1950 – Carl Clinton Van Doren, American critic and biographer (b. 1885)
1952 – Paul Saintenoy, Belgian architect and historian (b. 1862)
1954 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (b. 1895)
1966 – Bobby Fuller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
1968 – Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
1969 – Mary Jo Kopechne, American educator and secretary (b. 1940)
1973 – Jack Hawkins, English actor (b. 1910)
1975 – Vaughn Bodē, American illustrator (b. 1941)
1981 – Sonja Branting-Westerståhl, Swedish lawyer (b. 1890)
1982 – Roman Jakobson, Russian–American linguist and theorist (b. 1896)
1984 – Lally Bowers, English actress (b. 1914)
1984 – Grigori Kromanov, Estonian director and screenwriter (b. 1926)
1987 – Gilberto Freyre, Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, journalist and congressman (b. 1907)
1988 – Nico, German singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and actress (b. 1938)
1988 – Joly Braga Santos, Portuguese composer and conductor (b. 1924)
1989 – Donnie Moore, American baseball player (b. 1954)
1989 – Rebecca Schaeffer, American model and actress (b.1967)
1990 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1896)
1990 – Yun Posun, South Korean politician, 2nd President of South Korea (b. 1897)
2001 – Mimi Fariña, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1945)
2002 – Metin Toker, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1924)
2004 – André Castelot, Belgian-French historian and author (b. 1911)
2004 – Émile Peynaud, French wine maker (b. 1912)
2005 – Amy Gillett, Australian cyclist and rower (b. 1976)
2005 – William Westmoreland, American general (b. 1914)
2006 – Henry Hewes, American theater writer (b. 1917)
2007 – Jerry Hadley, American tenor (b. 1952)
2007 – Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese politician (b. 1908)
2009 – Henry Allingham, English soldier (b. 1896)
2009 – Jill Balcon, English actress (b. 1925)
2012 – Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, Lithuanian-Israeli rabbi and author (b. 1910)
2012 – Jean François-Poncet, French politician and diplomat, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1928)
2012 – Dawoud Rajiha, Syrian general and politician, Syrian Minister of Defense (b. 1947)
2012 – Assef Shawkat, Syrian general and politician (b. 1950)
2012 – Hasan Turkmani, Syrian general and politician, Syrian Minister of Defense (b. 1935)
2012 – Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor (b. 1942)
2013 – Vaali, Indian poet, songwriter, and actor (b. 1931)
2013 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and academic (b. 1953)
2014 – Andreas Biermann, German footballer (b. 1980)
2014 – João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Brazilian journalist, author, and academic (b. 1941)
2014 – Dietmar Schönherr, Austrian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
2015 – Alex Rocco, American actor (b. 1936)
2018 – Jonathan Gold, American food critic (b. 1960)
2018 – Adrian Cronauer, American Radio personality (b. 1938)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_18

On This Day, 18 July Publication of Mein Kampf
The first volume of Mein Kampf, the political manifesto written by Adolf Hitler that became the bible of Nazism in Germany's Third Reich, was published this day in 1925, and two years later the second volume appeared.

On This Day, 18 July
Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the village of Mvezo in Umtata, then part of South Africa's Cape Province.

On this day - 18 July

1976 – Nadia Comăneci becomes the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

On this day - 18 July

1848 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer and physician (d. 1915)

Video here - Nadia Comăneci

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yi_5xbd5xdE

George "Machine Gun" Kelly makes both the birth and death lists. Not a great way to spend your birthday. Such is the nature of fame (or infamy), if you search Google for Machine Gun Kelly you mostly get an English "rapper" who has appropriated the name.

On this day - 19 July

Events

AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.
711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
939 – Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas.
998 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea.
1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
1544 – Italian War of 1542–46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins.
1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days on the throne.
1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
1702 – Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.
1817 – Unsuccessful in his attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Hawaii for the Russian-American Company, Georg Anton Schäffer is forced to admit defeat and leave Kauai.
1821 – Coronation of George IV of the United Kingdom.
1832 – The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.
1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull and screw propeller, becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
1845 – Great New York City Fire of 1845: The last great fire to affect Manhattan began early in the morning and was subdued that afternoon. The fire killed four firefighters, 26 civilians, and destroyed 345 buildings.
1848 – Women's rights: A two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.
1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking: The Qing dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
1900 – The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.
1903 – Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles: British and Australian troops attack German trenches as part of the Battle of the Somme.
1936 – Spanish Civil War: The CNT and UGT call a general strike in Spain - mobilizing workers' militias against the Nationalist forces.
1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada: The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
1940 – Field Marshal Ceremony: First occasion in World War II, that Hitler appointed field marshals due to military achievements.
1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
1942 – World War II: The Second Happy Time of Hitler's submarines comes to an end, as the increasingly effective American convoy system compels them to return to the central Atlantic.
1943 – World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft, inflicting thousands of casualties.
1947 – Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and eight others are assassinated.
1947 – Korean politician Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.
1952 – Opening of the Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland.
1961 – Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.
1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
1964 – Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Khánh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
1969 – Chappaquiddick incident: U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy crashes his car into a tidal pond at Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts, killing his passenger Mary Jo Kopechne.
1972 – Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units help the Omani government against Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels in the Battle of Mirbat.
1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
1977 – The world's first Global Positioning System (GPS) signal was transmitted from Navigation Technology Satellite 2 (NTS-2) and received at Rockwell Collins in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, at 12:41 a.m. Eastern time (ET).
1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
1979 – The oil tanker SS Atlantic Empress collides with another oil tanker, causing the largest ever ship-borne oil spill.
1980 – Opening of the Summer Olympics in Moscow.
1981 – In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French President François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing the Soviet Union had been stealing American technological research and development.
1982 – In one of the first militant attacks by Hezbollah, David S. Dodge, president of the American University of Beirut, is kidnapped.
1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
1989 – United Airlines Flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 111.
1992 – A car bomb kills Judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his escort.
1997 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year paramilitary campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.
2014 – Gunmen in Egypt's western desert province of New Valley Governorate attack a military checkpoint, killing at least 21 soldiers. Egypt reportedly declares a state of emergency on its border with Sudan.

Births

810 – Muhammad al-Bukhari, Persian scholar (d. 870)
1223 – Baibars, sultan of Egypt (d. 1277)
1420 – William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 1483)
1569 – Conrad Vorstius, Dutch theologian (d. 1622)
1670 – Richard Leveridge, English singer-songwriter (d. 1758)
1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary and painter (d. 1766)
1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German author and poet (d. 1806)
1759 – Marianna Auenbrugger, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1782)
1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian monk and saint (d. 1833)
1771 – Thomas Talbot, Irish-Canadian colonel and politician (d. 1853)
1794 – José Justo Corro, Mexican politician and president, (1836-1837) (d. 1864)
1789 – John Martin, English painter, engraver, and illustrator (d. 1854)
1800 – Juan José Flores, Venezuelan general and politician, 1st President of Ecuador (d. 1864)
1814 – Samuel Colt, American businessman, founded the Colt's Manufacturing Company (d. 1862)
1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet, and playwright (d. 1890)
1822 – Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 1917)
1835 – Justo Rufino Barrios, Guatemalan president (d. 1885)
1842 – Frederic T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896)
1846 – Edward Charles Pickering, American astronomer and physicist (d. 1919)
1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French scholar and critic (d. 1906)
1865 – Georges Friedel, French mineralogist and crystallographer (d. 1933)
1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon, founded the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
1860 – Lizzie Borden, American woman, tried and acquitted for the murders of her parents in 1892 (d. 1927)
1868 – Florence Foster Jenkins, American soprano and educator (d. 1944)
1869 – Xenophon Stratigos, Greek general and politician, Greek Minister of Transport (d. 1927)
1875 – Alice Dunbar Nelson, American poet and activist (d. 1935)
1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious leader, 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
1881 – Friedrich Dessauer, German physicist and philosopher (d. 1963)
1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator and producer (d. 1972)
1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician and academic (d. 1957)
1888 – Enno Lolling, German physician (d. 1945)
1890 – George II of Greece (d. 1947)
1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian actor, playwright, and poet (d. 1930)
1894 – Aleksandr Khinchin, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1959)
1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bangladeshi-Pakistani politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
1894 – Percy Spencer, American physicist and inventor of the microwave oven (d. 1969)
1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter and academic (d. 1953)
1896 – Reginald Baker, English film producer (d. 1985)
1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish physician and novelist (d. 1981)
1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player and sailor (d. 1977)
1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-American sociologist and philosopher (d. 1979)
1899 – Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay, Indian physician, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1979)
1902 – Samudrala Raghavacharya, Indian singer, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1968)
1904 – Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer and farmer (d. 1985)
1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
1908 – Daniel Fry, American contactee (d. 1992)
1909 – Balamani Amma, Indian poet and author (d. 2004)
1912 – Peter Leo Gerety, American prelate (d. 2016)
1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
1914 – Marius Russo, American baseball player (d. 2005)
1915 – Åke Hellman, Finnish painter (d. 2017)
1916 – Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010)
1917 – William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2013)
1919 – Patricia Medina, English-American actress (d. 2012)
1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet and author (d. 2005)
1919 – Ron Searle, English-Canadian soldier, publisher, and politician, 4th Mayor of Mississauga (d. 2015)
1920 – Robert Mann, American violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 2018)
1920 – Richard Oriani, Salvadoran-American metallurgist and engineer (d. 2015)
1921 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, author, radio host (d. 2013)
1921 – André Moynet, French soldier, race car driver, and politician (d. 1993)
1921 – Elizabeth Spencer, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (d. 2019)
1921 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
1922 – George McGovern, American lieutenant, historian, and politician (d. 2012)
1922 – Rachel Robinson, American professor, registered nurse, and the widow of baseball player Jackie Robinson
1923 – Theo Barker, English historian (d. 2001)
1923 – Alex Hannum, American basketball player and coach (d. 2002)
1923 – Joseph Hansen, American author and poet (d. 2004)
1923 – William A. Rusher, American lawyer and journalist (d. 2011)
1923 – Lon Simmons, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 40th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 2005)
1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor and producer (d. 2009)
1924 – Arthur Rankin Jr., American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
1925 – Sue Thompson, American singer
1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress, singer, and dancer
1928 – Samuel John Hazo, American author
1928 – Choi Yun-chil, South Korean long-distance runner and a two-time national champion in the marathon.
1929 – Gaston Glock, Austrian engineer and businessman, co-founded Glock Ges.m.b.H.
1929 – Orville Turnquest, Bahamian politician
1932 – Buster Benton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1996)
1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish biologist and photographer (d. 1987)
1934 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
1935 – Nick Koback, American baseball player and golfer (d. 2015)
1936 – David Colquhoun, English pharmacologist and academic
1937 – George Hamilton IV, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist and astronomer
1938 – Tom Raworth, English poet and academic (d. 2017)
1941 – Vikki Carr, American singer and actress
1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch politician and diplomat, European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society
1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor and academic
1944 – Tim McIntire, American actor and singer (d. 1986)
1944 – Andres Vooremaa, Estonian chess player
1945 – Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter
1946 – Alan Gorrie, Scottish singer-songwriter and musician
1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player and politician
1947 – André Forcier, Canadian director and screenwriter
1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, German footballer and manager
1947 – Bernie Leadon, American guitarist and songwriter
1947 – Brian May, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and astrophysicist
1948 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 1980)
1949 – Kgalema Motlanthe, South African politician, 3rd President of South Africa
1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician, Norwegian Minister of Finance
1950 – Freddy Moore, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1950 – Adrian Noble, English director and screenwriter
1951 – Abel Ferrara, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1952 – Allen Collins, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1990)
1952 – Jayne Anne Phillips American novelist and short story writer
1954 – Mark O'Donnell, American playwright (d. 2012)
1954 – Steve O'Donnell, American screenwriter and producer
1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist and historian
1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer and sportscaster
1955 – Dalton McGuinty, Canadian lawyer and politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
1956 – Mark Crispin, American computer scientist, designed the IMAP (d. 2012)
1958 – Brad Drewett, Australian tennis player and sportscaster (d. 2013)
1958 – Robert Gibson, American wrestler
1958 – David Robertson, American conductor
1959 – Juan J. Campanella, Argentinian director, producer, and screenwriter
1960 – Atom Egoyan, Egyptian-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
1960 – Kevin Haskins, English drummer and songwriter
1961 – Harsha Bhogle, Indian journalist and author
1961 – Maria Filatova, Russian gymnast
1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian, actress, and author
1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian director and screenwriter
1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter
1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor, director, and producer
1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor and director
1963 – Thomas Gabriel Fischer, Swiss musician
1963 – Garth Nix, Australian author
1964 – Teresa Edwards, American basketball player
1964 – Masahiko Kondō, Japanese singer-songwriter and race car driver
1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish musician
1965 – Claus-Dieter Wollitz, German footballer and manager
1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli model and actress
1967 – Jean-François Mercier, Canadian comedian, screenwriter, and television host
1968 – Robb Flynn, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1968 – Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer and manager
1968 – Jim Norton, American comedian, actor, and author
1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
1970 – Bill Chen, American poker player and software designer
1970 – Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish lawyer and politician, First Minister of Scotland
1971 – Rene Busch, Estonian tennis player and coach
1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kiev
1971 – Michael Modest, American wrestler
1971 – Catriona Rowntree, Australian television host
1971 – Lesroy Weekes, Montserratian cricketer
1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer and manager
1973 – Martin Powell, English keyboard player and songwriter
1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican wrestler
1974 – Francisco Copado, German footballer and manager
1974 – Josée Piché, Canadian ice dancer
1974 – Vince Spadea, American tennis player
1974 – Preston Wilson, American baseball player and sportscaster
1975 – Luca Castellazzi, Italian footballer
1976 – Benedict Cumberbatch, English actor
1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer and manager
1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler and manager
1977 – Ed Smith, English cricketer and journalist
1979 – Rick Ankiel, American baseball player
1979 – Josué Anunciado de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian race car driver
1981 – Nenê, Brazilian footballer
1981 – David Bernard, Jamaican cricketer
1981 – Mark Gasnier, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
1981 – Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
1981 – Grégory Vignal, French footballer
1982 – Christopher Bear, American drummer
1982 – Phil Coke, American baseball player
1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
1983 – Helen Skelton, English television host and actress
1983 – Fedor Tyutin, Russian ice hockey player
1984 – Andrea Libman, Canadian voice actress
1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
1984 – Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian ice hockey player
1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
1985 – Zhou Haibin, Chinese footballer
1985 – Marina Kuzina, Russian basketball player
1985 – Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015)
1986 – Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
1987 – Jon Jones, American mixed martial artist
1987 – Marc Murphy, Australian footballer
1988 – Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
1988 – Kevin Großkreutz, German footballer
1988 – Jakub Kovář, Czech ice hockey player
1989 – Sam McKendry, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player
1991 – Eray İşcan, Turkish footballer
1992 – Jake Nicholson, English footballer
1994 – Christian Welch, Australian rugby league player
1996 – Paul Momirovski, Australian rugby league player
1998 – Erin Cuthbert, footballer
1998 – Ronaldo Vieira, Bissau-Guinean footballer

Deaths

514 – Symmachus, pope of the Catholic Church
806 – Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
973 – Kyunyeo, Korean monk and poet (b. 917)
998 – Damian Dalassenos, Byzantine general (b. 940)
1030 – Adalberon, French bishop
1234 – Floris IV, Dutch nobleman (b. 1210)
1249 – Jacopo Tiepolo, doge of Venice
1333 – John Campbell, Scottish nobleman
1333 – Alexander Bruce, Scottish nobleman
1333 – Sir Archibald Douglas, Scottish nobleman
1333 – Maol Choluim II, Scottish nobleman
1333 – Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland
1374 – Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (b. 1304)
1415 – Philippa of Lancaster, Portuguese queen (b. 1360)
1543 – Mary Boleyn, English daughter of Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1499)
1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1550)
1742 – William Somervile, English poet and author (b. 1675)
1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prussian queen (b. 1776)
1814 – Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (b. 1774)
1824 – Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican general and emperor (b. 1783)
1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist and chemist (b. 1785)
1850 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (b. 1810)
1855 – Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet and translator (b. 1787)
1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss statistician and politician (b. 1796)
1878 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1847)
1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American publisher and religious leader (b. 1859)
1913 – Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer and politician, 15th President of Colombia (b. 1852)
1925 – John Indermaur, British lawyer (b. 1851)
1930 – Robert Stout, Scottish-New Zealand politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1844)
1933 – Kaarle Krohn, Finnish historian and academic (b. 1863)
1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet and author (b. 1850)
1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Russian captain and pilot (b. 1916)
1947 – U Razak, Burmese educator and politician (b. 1898)
1947 – Aung San, Burmese general and politician (b. 1915)
1947 – Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
1963 – William Andrew, English priest (b. 1884)
1965 – Syngman Rhee, South Korean journalist and politician, 1st President of South Korea (b. 1875)
1967 – Odell Shepard, American poet and politician, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (b. 1884)
1969 – Stratis Myrivilis, Greek soldier and author (b. 1890)
1974 – Ernő Schwarz, Hungarian-American soccer player and coach (b. 1904)
1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
1977 – Karl Ristikivi, Estonian geographer, author, and poet (b. 1912)
1980 – Margaret Craven, American journalist and author (b. 1901)
1980 – Nihat Erim, Turkish jurist and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1904)
1981 – Roger Doucet, Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
1982 – Hugh Everett III, American physicist and mathematician (b. 1930)
1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
1984 – Aziz Sami, Iraqi writer and translator (b. 1895)
1985 – Janusz Zajdel, Polish author (b. 1938)
1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish businessman and politician, President of the Republic of Poland (b. 1913)
1990 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian lawyer and judge (b. 1940)
1994 – Victor Barbeau, Canadian author and academic (b. 1896)
1998 – Elmer Valo, Polish-American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1921)
2002 – Dave Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1952)
2002 – Alan Lomax, American historian, scholar, and activist (b. 1915)
2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist and author, founded the Campus Crusade for Christ (b. 1921)
2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss politician, President of the Swiss National Council (b. 1908)
2004 – Sylvia Daoust, Canadian sculptor (b. 1902)
2004 – J. Gordon Edwards, American entomologist, mountaineer, and DDT advocate (b. 1919)
2004 – Francis A. Marzen, American priest and journalist (b. 1924)
2004 – Zenkō Suzuki, Japanese politician, 70th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
2005 – Edward Bunker, American author and screenwriter (b. 1933)
2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1945)
2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentinian cartoonist (b. 1944)
2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedian and actress (b. 1907)
2009 – Frank McCourt, American author and educator (b. 1930)
2009 – Henry Surtees, English race car driver (b. 1991)
2010 – Cécile Aubry, French actress, author, television screenwriter and director (b. 1928)
2010 – Jon Cleary, Australian author and playwright (b. 1917)
2012 – Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi director and playwright (b. 1948)
2012 – Tom Davis, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
2012 – Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Iranian meteorologist and academic (b. 1912)
2012 – Omar Suleiman, Egyptian general and politician, 16th Vice President of Egypt (b. 1935)
2012 – Sylvia Woods, American businesswoman, co-founded Sylvia's Restaurant of Harlem (b. 1926)
2012 – Valiulla Yakupov, Islamic cleric (b. 1963)
2013 – Mikhail Gorsheniov, Russian singer-songwriter (b. 1973)
2013 – Geeto Mongol, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (b. 1931)
2013 – Mel Smith, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
2013 – Bert Trautmann, German footballer and manager (b. 1923)
2013 – Phil Woosnam, Welsh-American soccer player and manager (b. 1932)
2013 – Peter Ziegler, Swiss geologist and academic (b. 1928)
2013 – Leyla Erbil, Turkish author (b. 1931)
2014 – Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian (b. 1933)
2014 – David Easton, Canadian-American political scientist and academic (b. 1917)
2014 – Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician and author (b. 1933)
2014 – James Garner, American actor (b. 1928)
2014 – Jerzy Jurka, Polish biologist (b. 1950)
2014 – Ray King, English footballer and manager (b. 1924)
2014 – Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936)
2014 – Harry Pougher, English cricketer (b. 1941)
2014 – Leen Vleggeert, Dutch politician (b. 1931)
2014 – John Winkin, American baseball player, coach, and journalist (b. 1919)
2015 – Van Alexander, American composer and conductor (b. 1915)
2015 – Galina Prozumenshchikova, Ukrainian-Russian swimmer and journalist (b. 1948)
2015 – Carmino Ravosa, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1930)
2015 – Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian journalist and politician, 2nd Speaker of the Duma (b. 1947)
2016 – Garry Marshall, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1934)
2018 – Jon Schnepp, American producer, director, voice actor, editor, writer, cartoonist, animator, and cinematographer (b. 1967)
2018 – Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993)
2019 – Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor, director, and producer (b. 1944)

On this day - 19 July

1814 – Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (b. 1774)
Captain Matthew Flinders (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was an English navigator and cartographer who led the second circumnavigation of New Holland that he would subsequently call "Australia or Terra Australis" and identified it as a continent. Abel Tasman had circumnavigated it more widely in 1642–43 and had charted its north coast in 1644.

Flinders made three voyages to the southern ocean between 1791 and 1810. In the second voyage, George Bass and Flinders confirmed that Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) was an island. In the third voyage, Flinders circumnavigated the mainland of what was to be called Australia.

Heading back to England in 1803, Flinders' vessel needed urgent repairs at Isle de France (Mauritius). Although Britain and France were at war, Flinders thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but a suspicious governor kept him under arrest for more than six years. In captivity, he recorded details of his voyages for future publication, and put forward his rationale for naming the new continent 'Australia', as an umbrella term for New Holland and New South Wales – a suggestion taken up later by Governor Macquarie.

Flinders' health had suffered, however, and although he reached home in 1810, he did not live to see the success of his widely praised book and atlas, A Voyage to Terra Australis. The location of his grave was lost by the mid-19th century but archaeologists, excavating a former burial ground near London's Euston railway station for the High Speed 2 (HS2) project, announced in January 2019 that his remains had been identified.

On this day - 19 July

1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles: British and Australian troops attack German trenches as part of the Battle of the Somme.

Reconciliation Rocks

This day marks the 250th anniversary of the first reconciliation between Indigenous Australians and Europeans at Reconciliation Rocks.

“It was here on these rocks that a group of eleven Guugu Yimithirr men and James Cook and several of his companions reconciled their differences and restored the peace and friendship that was the defining nature of the European’s seven weeks stay in Endeavour River.”

This was also the FIRST time Cook had ever met with aboriginal people (he had seen plenty in the past however).
Sunday 19th July 2020.

Join us as we live stream from Cooktown on this Facebook Page at 4pm Sunday 19th July.
Commemorating the 250th Anniversary of the first recorded act of reconciliation in Australia’s history.

https://www.facebook.com/cooktownreenactment/

On this day - 20 July

Events

AD 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defeats Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI at the Battle of Marcellae.
911 – Rollo lays siege to Chartres.
1189 – Richard I of England officially invested as Duke of Normandy.
1225 – Treaty of San Germano is signed at San Germano between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX. A Dominican named Guala is responsible for the negotiations.
1398 – The Battle of Kellistown was fought on this day between the forces of the English led by Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March against the O'Byrnes and O'Tooles under the command of Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach, the most powerful Chieftain in Leinster.
1402 – Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara: Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.
1592 – During the first Japanese invasion of Korea, Japanese forces led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi captured Pyongyang, although they were ultimately unable to hold it.
1715 – Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Empire captures Nauplia, the capital of the Republic of Venice's "Kingdom of the Morea", thereby opening the way to the swift Ottoman reconquest of the Morea.
1738 – Canadian explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye reaches the western shore of Lake Michigan.
1799 – Tekle Giyorgis I begins his first of six reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia.
1807 – Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
1810 – Citizens of Bogotá, New Granada declare independence from Spain.
1831 – Seneca and Shawnee people agree to relinquish their land in western Ohio for 60,000 acres west of the Mississippi River.
1848 – The first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, a two-day event, concludes.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek: Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman.
1866 – Austro-Prussian War: Battle of Lissa: The Austrian Navy, led by Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the Italian Navy near the island of Vis in the Adriatic Sea.
1871 – British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.
1885 – The Football Association legalizes professionalism in association football under pressure from the British Football Association.
1903 – The Ford Motor Company ships its first automobile.
1917 – World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
1920 – The Greek Army takes control of Silivri after Greece is awarded the city by the Paris Peace Conference; by 1923 Greece effectively lost control to the Turks.
1922 – The League of Nations awards mandates of Togoland to France and Tanganyika to the United Kingdom.
1932 – In the Preußenschlag, German President Hindenburg places Prussia directly under the rule of the national government.
1934 – Labor unrest in the U.S.: Police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934, killing two and wounding sixty-seven.
1934 – West Coast waterfront strike: In Seattle, police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen. The governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
1935 – Switzerland: A Royal Dutch Airlines plane en route from Milan to Frankfurt crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
1936 – The Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
1938 – The United States Department of Justice files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act in regards to the studio system. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
1940 – Denmark leaves the League of Nations.
1940 – California opens its first freeway, the Arroyo Seco Parkway.
1941 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the NKVD and names Lavrentiy Beria its chief.
1944 – World War II: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
1949 – The Israel–Syria Mixed Armistice Commission brokers the last of four ceasefire agreements to end the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
1950 – Cold War: In Philadelphia, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs.
1951 – King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
1954 – Germany: Otto John, head of West Germany's secret service, defects to East Germany.
1960 – Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) elects Sirimavo Bandaranaike Prime Minister, the world's first elected female head of government.
1960 – The Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the USS George Washington, for the first time.
1961 – French military forces break the Tunisian siege of Bizerte.
1964 – Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Định Tường Province, Cái Bè, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of whom are children).
1968 – The first International Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.
1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11's crew successfully makes the first manned landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility. Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the Moon six and a half hours later.
1969 – A cease fire is announced between Honduras and El Salvador, six days after the beginning of the "Football War".
1974 – Turkish invasion of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a coup d'état, organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios.
1976 – The American Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars.
1977 – The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in mind-control experiments.
1977 – The Johnstown flood of 1977 kills 84 people and causes millions of dollars in damages.
1982 – Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings: The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in Hyde Park and Regent's Park in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.
1985 – The government of Aruba passes legislation to secede from the Netherlands Antilles.
1989 – Burma's ruling junta puts opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
1992 – Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
1997 – The fully restored USS Constitution (a.k.a. Old Ironsides) celebrates its 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.
1999 – The Chinese Communist Party begins a persecution campaign against Falun Gong, arresting thousands nationwide.
2005 – The Civil Marriage Act legalizes same-sex marriage in Canada.
2012 – James Holmes opened fire at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 and injuring 70 others.
2013 – Seventeen government soldiers are killed in an attack by FARC revolutionaries in the Colombian department of Arauca.
2015 – A huge explosion in the mostly Kurdish border town of Suruç, Turkey, targeting the Socialist Youth Associations Federation, kills at least 31 people and injures over 100.
2015 – The United States and Cuba resume full diplomatic relations after five decades.
2017 – O. J. Simpson is granted parole to be released from prison after serving nine years of a 33-year sentence after being convicted of armed robbery in Las Vegas.

Births

356 BC – Alexander the Great, Macedonian king (d. 323 BC)
682 – Taichō, Japanese monk and scholar (d. 767)
1304 – Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (d. 1374)
1313 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (d. 1367)
1346 – Margaret, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1361)
1470 – John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble (d. 1539)
1519 – Pope Innocent IX (d. 1591)
1537 – Arnaud d'Ossat, French cardinal (d. 1604)
1583 – Alban Roe, English Benedictine martyr (d. 1642)
1591 – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (d. 1643)
1592 – Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (d. 1663)
1601 – Robert Wallop, English politician (d. 1667)
1620 – Nikolaes Heinsius the Elder, Dutch poet and scholar (d. 1681)
1649 – William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (d. 1709)
1754 – Antoine Destutt de Tracy, French philosopher and academic (d. 1836)
1757 – Garsevan Chavchavadze, Georgian politician and diplomat (d. 1811)
1762 – Jakob Haibel, Austrian tenor and composer (d. 1826)
1774 – Auguste de Marmont, French general (d. 1852)
1789 – Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1839)
1804 – Richard Owen, English biologist, anatomist, and paleontologist (d. 1892)
1822 – Gregor Mendel, Austro-German monk, geneticist and botanist (d. 1884)
1838 – Augustin Daly, American playwright and manager (d. 1899)
1838 – William Paine Lord, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of Oregon (d. 1911)
1838 – Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, English civil servant and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (d. 1928)
1847 – Max Liebermann, German painter and academic (d. 1935)
1849 – Robert Anderson Van Wyck, American lawyer and politician, 91st Mayor of New York City (d. 1918)
1852 – Theo Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1932)
1854 – Philomène Belliveau, Canadian artist (d. 1940)
1864 – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1931)
1864 – Ruggero Oddi, Italian physiologist and anatomist (d. 1913)
1868 – Miron Cristea, Romanian cleric and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1939)
1873 – Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian pilot (d. 1932)
1876 – Otto Blumenthal, German mathematician and academic (d. 1944)
1877 – Tom Crean, Irish sailor and explorer (d. 1938)
1882 – Olga Hahn-Neurath, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1937)
1889 – John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, Scottish broadcaster, co-founded BBC (d. 1971)
1890 – Verna Felton, American actress (d. 1966)
1890 – Julie Vinter Hansen, Danish-Swiss astronomer and academic (d. 1960)
1890 – Giorgio Morandi, Italian painter (d. 1964)
1893 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier (d. 1915)
1895 – László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, photographer, and sculptor (d. 1946)
1897 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
1900 – Maurice Leyland, English cricketer and coach (d. 1967)
1901 – Vehbi Koç, Turkish businessman and philanthropist, founded Koç Holding (d. 1996)
1901 – Eugenio Lopez Sr., Filipino businessman and founder of the Lopez Group of Companies (d. 1975)
1901 – Heinie Manush, American baseball player and manager (d. 1971)
1902 – Leonidas Berry, American gastroenterologist (d. 1995)
1905 – Joseph Levis, American foil fencer (d. 2005)
1909 – Eric Rowan, South African cricketer (d. 1993)
1910 – Vilém Tauský, Czech-English conductor and composer (d. 2004)
1911 – Baqa Jilani, Indian cricketer (d. 1941)
1911 – José Zabala-Santos, Filipino author and illustrator (d. 1985)
1912 – George Johnston, Australian journalist and author (d. 1970)
1914 – Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian philanthropist (d. 2018)
1914 – Charilaos Florakis, Greek politician (d. 2005)
1914 – Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (d. 2013)
1918 – Cindy Walker, American singer-songwriter and dancer (d. 2006)
1919 – Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer and explorer (d. 2008)
1919 – Jacquemine Charrott Lodwidge, English writer (d. 2012)
1920 – Elliot Richardson, American lieutenant and politician, 11th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1999)
1921 – Henri Alleg, English-French journalist and author (d. 2013)
1922 – Alan Stephenson Boyd, American lawyer and politician, 1st United States Secretary of Transportation
1923 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
1924 – Lola Albright, American actress and singer (d. 2017)
1924 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (d. 2014)
1924 – Mort Garson, Canadian-American songwriter and composer (d. 2008)
1925 – Jacques Delors, French economist and politician, 8th President of the European Commission
1925 – Frantz Fanon, French–Algerian psychiatrist and philosopher (d. 1961)
1927 – Barbara Bergmann, American economist and academic (d. 2015)
1927 – Heather Chasen, English actress (d. 2020)
1927 – Michael Gielen, Austrian conductor and composer (d. 2019)
1927 – Ian P. Howard, English-Canadian psychologist and academic (d. 2013)
1928 – Józef Czyrek, Polish economist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2013)
1928 – Belaid Abdessalam, Prime Minister of Algeria
1929 – Hazel Hawke, Australian social worker and pianist, 23rd Spouse of the Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2013)
1929 – Mike Ilitch, American businessman, co-founded Little Caesars (d. 2017)
1929 – Rajendra Kumar, Pakistani-Indian actor and producer (d. 1999)
1929 – David Tonkin, Australian politician, 38th Premier of South Australia (d. 2000)
1930 – Giannis Agouris, Greek journalist and author (d. 2006)
1930 – Chuck Daly, American basketball player and coach (d. 2009)
1930 – William H. Goetzmann, American historian and author (d. 2010)
1930 – Sally Ann Howes, English-American singer and actress
1931 – Tony Marsh, English race car driver (d. 2009)
1932 – Nam June Paik, American artist (d. 2006)
1932 – Otto Schily, German lawyer and politician, German Minister of the Interior
1933 – Buddy Knox, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
1933 – Cormac McCarthy, American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter
1933 – Rex Williams, English snooker player
1935 – Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo, English businessman and art collector
1935 – Sleepy LaBeef, American rockabilly singer and musician (d. 2019)
1936 – Alistair MacLeod, Canadian novelist and short story writer (d. 2014)
1936 – Barbara Mikulski, American social worker and politician
1938 – Deniz Baykal, Turkish lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
1938 – Roger Hunt, English footballer
1938 – Tony Oliva, Cuban-American baseball player and coach
1938 – Diana Rigg, English actress
1938 – Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981)
1939 – Judy Chicago, American painter and sculptor
1941 – Don Chuy, American football player (d. 2014)
1941 – Periklis Korovesis, Greek author and journalist
1941 – Kurt Raab, German actor, screenwriter, and production designer (d. 1988)
1942 – Pete Hamilton, American race car driver
1943 – Chris Amon, New Zealand race car driver (d. 2016)
1943 – Bob McNab, English footballer
1943 – Adrian Păunescu, Romanian poet, journalist, and politician (d. 2010)
1943 – Wendy Richard, English actress (d. 2009)
1944 – Mel Daniels, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
1944 – W. Cary Edwards, American politician (d. 2010)
1944 – Olivier de Kersauson, French sailor
1944 – T. G. Sheppard, American country music singer-songwriter
1945 – Kim Carnes, American singer-songwriter
1945 – Larry Craig, American soldier and politician
1945 – John Lodge, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
1945 – Bo Rein, American football player and coach (d. 1980)
1946 – Randal Kleiser, American actor, director, and producer
1947 – Gerd Binnig, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1947 – Carlos Santana, Mexican-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1948 – Muse Watson, American actor and producer
1950 – Edward Leigh, English lawyer and politician
1950 – Lucille Lemay, Canadian archer
1951 – Jeff Rawle, English actor and screenwriter
1953 – Dave Evans, Welsh-Australian singer-songwriter
1953 – Thomas Friedman, American journalist and author
1953 – Marcia Hines, American-Australian singer and actress
1954 – Moira Harris, American actress
1954 – Jay Jay French, American guitarist and producer
1955 – Desmond Douglas, Jamaican-English table tennis player
1955 – René-Daniel Dubois, Canadian actor and playwright
1955 – Jem Finer, English banjo player and songwriter
1956 – Paul Cook, English drummer
1956 – Thomas N'Kono, Cameroonian footballer
1956 – Jim Prentice, Canadian lawyer and politician, 16th Premier of Alberta (d. 2016)
1958 – Mick MacNeil, Scottish keyboard player and songwriter
1959 – Radney Foster, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1960 – Claudio Langes, Italian race car driver
1960 – Prvoslav Vujčić, Serbian-Canadian poet and philosopher
1960 – Sudesh Berry, Indian actor
1961 – Óscar Elías Biscet, Cuban physician and activist, founded the Lawton Foundation
1962 – Carlos Alazraqui, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1962 – Giovanna Amati, Italian race car driver
1962 – Julie Bindel, English journalist, author, and academic
1963 – Frank Whaley, American actor, director, and screenwriter
1964 – Chris Cornell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
1964 – Terri Irwin, American-Australian zoologist and author
1964 – Sebastiano Rossi, Italian footballer
1964 – Bernd Schneider, German race car driver
1965 – Jess Walter, American journalist and author
1966 – Stone Gossard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1966 – Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexican lawyer and politician, 57th President of Mexico
1967 – Courtney Taylor-Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1968 – Jimmy Carson, American ice hockey player
1968 – Hami Mandıralı, Turkish footballer and manager
1968 – Kool G Rap, American hip-hop artist
1969 – Josh Holloway, American actor
1969 – Kreso Kovacec, Croatian-German footballer
1969 – Giovanni Lombardi, Italian cyclist
1969 – Joon Park, South Korean-American singer
1969 – Tobi Vail, American singer and guitarist
1971 – Charles Johnson, American baseball player
1971 – Sandra Oh, Canadian actress
1972 – Jamie Ainscough, Australian rugby league player
1972 – Jozef Stümpel, Slovak ice hockey player
1972 – Erik Ullenhag, Swedish jurist and politician
1972 – Vitamin C, American singer-songwriter
1973 – Omar Epps, American actor
1973 – Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway
1973 – Peter Forsberg, Swedish ice hockey player and manager
1973 – Nixon McLean, Caribbean cricketer
1973 – Roberto Orci, Mexican-American screenwriter and producer
1973 – Claudio Reyna, American soccer player
1975 – Ray Allen, American basketball player and actor
1975 – Judy Greer, American actress and producer
1975 – Erik Hagen, Norwegian footballer
1975 – Birgitta Ohlsson, Swedish journalist and politician, 5th Swedish Minister for European Union Affairs
1975 – Jason Raize, American singer and actor
1975 – Yusuf Şimşek, Turkish footballer and manager
1976 – Erica Hill, American journalist
1976 – Debashish Mohanty, Indian cricketer and coach
1976 – Andrew Stockdale, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1976 – Alex Yoong, Malaysian race car driver
1977 – Kiki Musampa, Congolese footballer
1977 – Yves Niaré, French shot putter (d. 2012)
1977 – Alessandro Santos, Brazilian-Japanese footballer
1978 – Pavel Datsyuk, Russian ice hockey player
1978 – Will Solomon, American basketball player
1978 – Elliott Yamin, American singer-songwriter
1978 – Ieva Zunda, Latvian runner and hurdler
1979 – Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (d. 2004)
1979 – Charlotte Hatherley, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1979 – David Ortega, Spanish swimmer
1980 – Tesfaye Bramble, English-Montserratian footballer
1980 – Gisele Bündchen, Brazilian model, fashionista, and businesswoman
1981 – Viktoria Ladõnskaja, Estonian journalist and politician
1982 – Antoine Vermette, Canadian ice hockey player
1984 – Alexi Casilla, Dominican baseball player
1984 – Matt Gilroy, American ice hockey player
1985 – John Francis Daley, American actor and screenwriter
1985 – Harley Morenstein, Canadian actor and YouTube personality
1985 – David Mundy, Australian footballer
1986 – Osric Chau, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1987 – Nicola Benedetti, Scottish violinist
1987 – Niall McGinn, Irish footballer
1988 – Julianne Hough, American singer-songwriter, actress, and dancer
1988 – Stephen Strasburg, American baseball player
1988 – Shahram Mahmoudi, Iranian volleyball player
1989 – Javier Cortés, Mexican footballer
1989 – Cristian Pasquato, Italian footballer
1990 – Lars Unnerstall, German footballer
1991 – Chiyoshōma Fujio, Mongolian sumo wrestler
1991 – Ryan James, Australian rugby league player
1991 – Kira Kazantsev, Miss America 2015
1991 – Philipp Reiter, German mountaineer and runner
1993 – Steven Adams, New Zealand basketball player
1995 – Moses Leota, New Zealand rugby league player
1996 – Ben Simmons, Australian basketball player

Deaths

518 – Amantius, Byzantine grand chamberlain and Monophysite martyr
833 – Ansegisus, Frankish abbot and saint
985 – Boniface VII, antipope of Rome
1031 – Robert II, king of France (b. 972)
1156 – Toba, emperor of Japan (b. 1103)
1320 – Oshin, king of Armenia (b. 1282)
1332 – Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland
1387 – Robert IV, French nobleman (b. 1356)
1398 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, Welsh nobleman (b. 1374)
1453 – Enguerrand de Monstrelet, French historian and author (b. 1400)
1454 – John II, king of Castile and León (b. 1405)
1514 – György Dózsa, Transylvanian peasant revolt leader (b. 1470)
1524 – Claude, queen consort of France (b. 1499)
1526 – García Jofre de Loaísa, Spanish explorer (b. 1490)
1600 – William More, English courtier (b. 1520)
1616 – Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish nobleman and rebel soldier (b. 1550)
1704 – Peregrine White, English-American farmer and soldier (b. 1620)
1752 – Johann Christoph Pepusch, German-English composer and theorist (b. 1667)
1816 – Gavrila Derzhavin, Russian poet and politician (b. 1743)
1866 – Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician and academic (b. 1826)
1897 – Jean Ingelow, English poet and author (b. 1820)
1901 – William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (b. 1840)
1903 – Leo XIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1810)
1908 – Demetrius Vikelas, Greek businessman and author (b. 1835)
1908 – Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, German geophysicist and seismologist (b. 1881)
1910 – Anderson Dawson, Australian politician, 14th Premier of Queensland (b. 1863)
1922 – Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician and theorist (b. 1856)
1923 – Pancho Villa, Mexican general and politician, Governor of Chihuahua (b. 1878)
1926 – Felix Dzerzhinsky, Russian educator and politician (b. 1877)
1927 – Ferdinand I, king of Romania (b. 1865)
1928 – Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet and author (b. 1896)
1932 – René Bazin, French author and academic (b. 1853)
1937 – Olga Hahn-Neurath, Austrian mathematician and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (b. 1882)
1937 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1874)
1941 – Lew Fields, American actor and producer (b. 1867)
1944 – Ludwig Beck, German general (b. 1880)
1945 – Paul Valéry, French author and poet (b. 1871)
1951 – Abdullah I, king of Jordan (b. 1882)
1953 – Dumarsais Estimé, Haitian lawyer and politician, 33rd President of Haiti (b. 1900)
1953 – Jan Struther, English author and hymn-writer (b. 1901)
1955 – Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1869)
1956 – James Alexander Calder, Canadian educator and politician, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence (b. 1868)
1959 – William D. Leahy, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to France (b. 1875)
1965 – Batukeshwar Dutt, Indian activist (b. 1910)
1968 – Bray Hammond, American historian and author (b. 1886)
1970 – Iain Macleod, English journalist and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1913)
1972 – Geeta Dutt, Indian singer and actress (b. 1930)
1973 – Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (b. 1940)
1973 – Robert Smithson, American photographer and sculptor (b. 1938)
1974 – Allen Jenkins, American actor and singer (b. 1900)
1974 – Kamal Dasgupta, Bengali music director, composer and folk artist. (b. 1912)
1976 – Joseph Rochefort, American captain and cryptanalyst (b. 1900)
1977 – Gary Kellgren, American record producer, co-founded Record Plant (b. 1939)
1980 – Maria Martinez, San Ildefonso Pueblo (Native American) potter (b. 1887)
1981 – Kostas Choumis, Greek-Romanian footballer (b. 1913)
1983 – Frank Reynolds, American soldier and journalist (b. 1923)
1987 – Richard Egan, American soldier and actor (b. 1921)
1989 – Forrest H. Anderson, American judge and politician, 17th Governor of Montana (b. 1913)
1990 – Herbert Turner Jenkins, American police officer (b. 1907)
1993 – Vince Foster, American lawyer and political figure (b. 1945)
1994 – Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (b. 1897)
1997 – M. E. H. Maharoof, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1939)
1998 – June Byers, American wrestler (b. 1922)
1999 – Sandra Gould, American actress (b. 1916)
2002 – Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (b. 1946)
2003 – Nicolas Freeling, English author (b. 1927)
2004 – Lala Mara, Fijian politician (b. 1931)
2004 – Valdemaras Martinkėnas, Lithuanian footballer and coach (b. 1965)
2005 – James Doohan, Canadian-American actor (b. 1920)
2005 – Finn Gustavsen, Norwegian journalist and politician (b. 1926)
2005 – Kayo Hatta, American director and cinematographer (b. 1958)
2006 – Ted Grant, South African-English theorist and activist (b. 1913)
2006 – Gérard Oury, French actor, director, and producer (b. 1919)
2007 – Tammy Faye Messner, American Christian evangelist and talk show host (b. 1942)
2008 – Artie Traum, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1943)
2008 – Dinko Šakić, Croatian concentration camp commander (b. 1921)
2009 – Vedat Okyar, Turkish footballer (b. 1945)
2009 – Mark Rosenzweig, American psychologist and academic (b. 1922)
2011 – Lucian Freud, German-English painter and illustrator (b. 1922)
2012 – Alastair Burnet, English journalist (b. 1928)
2012 – Jack Davis, American hurdler (b. 1930)
2012 – José Hermano Saraiva, Portuguese historian, jurist, and politician, Portuguese Minister of Education (b. 1919)
2013 – Pierre Fabre, French pharmacist and businessman, founded Laboratoires Pierre Fabre (b. 1926)
2013 – Khurshed Alam Khan, Indian politician, 2nd Governor of Goa (b. 1919)
2013 – Augustus Rowe, Canadian physician and politician (b. 1920)
2013 – Helen Thomas, American journalist and author (b. 1920)
2014 – Victor G. Atiyeh, American businessman and politician, 32nd Governor of Oregon (b. 1923)
2014 – Constantin Lucaci, Romanian sculptor and educator (b. 1923)
2014 – Bob McNamara, American football player (b. 1931)
2014 – Klaus Schmidt, German archaeologist and academic (b. 1953)
2015 – Wayne Carson, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1943)
2015 – Fred Else, English footballer and manager (b. 1933)
2015 – Dieter Moebius, Swiss-German keyboard player and producer (b. 1944)
2016 – Radu Beligan, Romanian actor, director, and essayist (b. 1918)
2017 – Chester Bennington, American singer (b. 1976)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_20

On this day - 20 July

1903 – The Ford Motor Company ships its first automobile.

On this day - 20 July

1822 – Gregor Mendel, Austro-German monk, geneticist and botanist (d. 1884)
Gregor Johann Mendel 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire (today's Czech Republic) and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics. Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance.

On this day - 21 July

Events

356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope.
285 – Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler.
365 – The 365 Crete earthquake affects the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands were killed.
905 – King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902).
1242 – Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.
1403 – Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.
1545 – The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.
1568 – Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.
1645 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
1656 – The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.
1718 – The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.
1774 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
1798 – French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids.
1831 – Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
1861 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
1873 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.
1877 – After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
1904 – Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.
1907 – The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people.
1919 – The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.
1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100.
1925 – Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h).
1944 – World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10.
1944 – World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
1949 – The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty.
1952 – The 7.3 Mw  Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds.
1954 – First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
1959 – NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative.
1959 – Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox.
1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world's first female head of government
1961 – Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission).
1969 – Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon.
1970 – After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130.
1973 – In Lillehammer, Norway, Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre.
1976 – Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA.
1977 – The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War.
1979 – Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1983 – The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
1990 – Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation.
1995 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
2001 – At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect.
2005 – July 2005 London bombings occur.
2008 – Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first president of Nepal.
2011 – NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
2012 – Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world.

Births

541 – Emperor Wen of Sui, emperor of the Sui Dynasty (d. 604)
1030 – Kyansittha, King of Burma (d. 1112)
1414 – Pope Sixtus IV (d. 1484)[6]
1462 – Queen Jeonghyeon, Korean royal consort (d. 1530)
1476 – Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (d. 1534)
1476 – Anna Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1497)
1515 – Philip Neri, Italian Roman Catholic saint (d. 1595)
1535 – García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1609)
1616 – Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1676)
1620 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (d. 1682)
1648 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (d. 1689)
1654 – Pedro Calungsod, Filipino catechist and sacristan; later canonized (d. 1672)
1664 – Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (d. 1721)
1693 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1768)
1710 – Paul Möhring, German physician, botanist, and zoologist (d. 1792)
1783 – Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon, French general (d. 1853)
1808 – Simion Bărnuțiu, Romanian historian, academic, and politician (d. 1864)
1810 – Henri Victor Regnault, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878)
1811 – Robert Mackenzie, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of Queensland (d. 1873)
1816 – Paul Reuter, German-English journalist, founded Reuters (d. 1899)
1858 – Maria Christina of Austria (d. 1929)
1858 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (d. 1925)
1858 – Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (d. 1941)
1863 – C. Aubrey Smith, English-American cricketer and actor (d. 1948)
1866 – Carlos Schwabe, Swiss Symbolist painter and printmaker (d. 1926)
1870 – Emil Orlík, Czech painter, etcher, and lithographer (d. 1932)
1875 – Charles Gondouin, French rugby player and tug of war competitor (d. 1947)
1880 – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak astronomer, general, and politician (d. 1919)
1882 – David Burliuk, Ukrainian author and illustrator (d. 1967)
1885 – Jacques Feyder, Belgian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1948)
1891 – Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (d. 1969)
1893 – Hans Fallada, German author (d. 1947)
1896 – Sophie Bledsoe Aberle, Native American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist (d. 1996)
1898 – Sara Carter, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
1899 – Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932)
1899 – Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
1900 – Isadora Bennett, American theatre manager and modern dance publicity agent (d. 1980)
1903 – Russell Lee, American photographer and journalist (d. 1986)
1903 – Roy Neuberger, American businessman and financier, co-founded Neuberger Berman (d. 2010)
1908 – Jug McSpaden, American golfer and architect (d. 1996)
1911 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and theorist (d. 1980)
1911 – Umashankar Joshi, Indian author, poet, and scholar (d. 1988)
1914 – Aleksander Kreek, Estonian shot putter and discus thrower (d. 1977)
1917 – Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2005)
1920 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 2005)
1920 – Isaac Stern, Polish violinist and conductor (d. 2001)
1920 – Jean Daniel, Algerian-French-Jewish journalist and author (d. 2020)
1921 – James Cooke Brown, American sociologist and author (d. 2000)
1921 – John Horsley, English actor (d. 2014)
1921 – Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa, Zulu sangoma (d. 2020)
1922 – Kay Starr, American singer (d. 2016)
1922 – Mollie Sugden, English actress (d. 2009)
1923 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1923 – Queenie Watts, English actress and singer (d. 1980)
1924 – Rahimuddin Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 7th Governor of Balochistan
1924 – Don Knotts, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2006)
1926 – Paul Burke, American actor (d. 2009)
1925 – Johnny Peirson, Canadian hockey player
1926 – Norman Jewison, Canadian actor, director, and producer
1926 – Bill Pertwee, English actor (d. 2013)
1926 – Karel Reisz, Czech-English director and producer (d. 2002)
1928 – Sky Low Low, Canadian wrestler (d. 1998)
1929 – Bob Orton, American wrestler (d. 2006)
1930 – Anand Bakshi, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 2002)
1930 – Helen Merrill, American singer
1931 – Sonny Clark, American pianist and composer (d. 1963)
1931 – Plas Johnson, American saxophonist
1931 – Leon Schidlowsky, Chilean-Israeli painter and composer
1932 – Kaye Stevens, American singer and actress (d. 2011)
1933 – John Gardner, American novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1982)
1934 – Chandu Borde, Indian cricketer and manager
1934 – Jonathan Miller, English actor, director, and author (d. 2019)
1935 – Norbert Blüm, German businessman and politician
1935 – Moe Drabowsky, Polish-American baseball player and coach (d. 2006)
1937 – Eduard Streltsov, Soviet footballer (d. 1990)
1938 – Les Aspin, American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1995)
1938 – Anton Kuerti, Austrian-Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor
1938 – Janet Reno, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General (d. 2016)
1939 – Jamey Aebersold, American saxophonist and educator
1939 – Kim Fowley, American singer-songwriter, producer, and manager (d. 2015)
1939 – John Negroponte, English-American diplomat, 23rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations
1943 – Fritz Glatz, Austrian race car driver (d. 2002)
1943 – Edward Herrmann, American actor (d. 2014)
1943 – Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
1944 – John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Ghana (d. 2012)
1944 – Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian author and academic (d. 2017)
1944 – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (d. 2002)
1945 – Wendy Cope, English poet, critic, and educator
1945 – Geoff Dymock, Australian cricketer
1945 – Barry Richards, South African cricketer
1946 – Ken Starr, American lawyer and judge, 39th Solicitor General of the United States
1946 – Timothy Harris, American author, screenwriter and producer
1947 – Chetan Chauhan, Indian cricketer and politician
1948 – Art Hindle, Canadian actor and director
1948 – Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam), English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1948 – Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist
1949 – Christina Hart, American playwright and actress
1949 – Hirini Melbourne, New Zealand singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2003)
1950 – Ubaldo Fillol, Argentinian footballer and coach
1950 – Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer, English politician, Minister of State for Transport
1951 – Richard Gozney, English politician and diplomat, 30th Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, 139th Governor of Bermuda
1951 – Robin Williams, American actor, singer, and producer (d. 2014)
1952 – John Barrasso, American physician and politician
1952 – Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Malaysian economist
1953 – Eric Bazilian, American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer (The Hooters)
1953 – Jeff Fatt, Australian keyboard player and actor
1953 – Bernie Fraser, New Zealand rugby player
1953 – Brian Talbot, English footballer and manager
1955 – Howie Epstein, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 2003)
1955 – Dannel Malloy, American lawyer and politician, 88th Governor of Connecticut
1955 – Henry Priestman, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
1955 – Taco, Indonesian-born Dutch singer and entertainer
1955 – Béla Tarr, Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter
1956 – Michael Connelly, American author
1957 – Stefan Löfven, Swedish trade union leader and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Sweden
1957 – Jon Lovitz, American comedian, actor, and producer
1958 – Dave Henderson, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
1959 – Gene Miles, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
1959 – Reha Muhtar, Turkish journalist
1959 – Paul Vautin, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster
1960 – Amar Singh Chamkila, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
1960 – Veselin Matić, Serbian basketball player and coach
1960 – Fritz Walter, German footballer
1961 – Morris Iemma, Australian politician, 40th Premier of New South Wales
1961 – Jim Martin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1962 – Victor Adebowale, Baron Adebowale, English businessman
1963 – Kevin Poole, English footballer and manager
1963 – Giant Silva, Brazilian basketball player, mixed martial artist, and wrestler
1964 – Steve Collins, Irish boxer and actor
1964 – Ross Kemp, English actor and producer
1964 – Jens Weißflog, German ski jumper and journalist
1965 – Guðni Bergsson, Icelandic footballer and lawyer
1965 – Mike Bordick, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
1966 – Arija Bareikis, American actress
1966 – Sarah Waters, Welsh author and academic
1968 – Brandi Chastain, American soccer player and sportscaster
1968 – Aditya Srivastava, Indian actor
1968 – Lyle Odelein, Canadian ice hockey player
1969 – Godfrey, American comedian and actor
1969 – Klaus Graf, German race car driver
1969 – Emerson Hart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1969 – Isabell Werth, German equestrian
1970 – Michael Fitzpatrick, American singer-songwriter
1971 – Emmanuel Bangué, French long jumper
1971 – Charlotte Gainsbourg, English-French actress and singer
1971 – Nitzan Shirazi, Israeli footballer and manager (d. 2014)
1972 – Korey Cooper, American singer and guitarist
1972 – Catherine Ndereba, Kenyan marathon runner
1974 – Geoff Jenkins, American baseball player and coach
1974 – René Reinumägi, Estonian actor, director, and screenwriter
1975 – Christopher Barzak, American author and educator
1975 – Cara Dillon, Irish singer-songwriter
1975 – Ravindra Pushpakumara, Sri Lankan cricketer
1975 – Mike Sellers, American football player
1976 – Jaime Murray, English actress
1977 – Paul Casey, English golfer
1978 – Justin Bartha, American actor
1978 – Anderson da Silva Gibin, Brazilian footballer
1978 – Josh Hartnett, American actor
1978 – Julian Huppert, English academic and politician
1978 – Damian Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer
1978 – Gary Teale, Scottish footballer
1979 – David Carr, American football player
1979 – Tamika Catchings, American basketball player
1979 – Luis Ernesto Michel, Mexican footballer
1979 – Andriy Voronin, Ukrainian footballer
1980 – Justin Griffith, American football player
1980 – Sandra Laoura, French skier
1980 – CC Sabathia, American baseball player
1980 – Yvonne Sampson, Australian journalist and sportscaster
1981 – Paloma Faith, English singer-songwriter and actress
1981 – Anabelle Langlois, Canadian figure skater
1981 – Joaquín, Spanish footballer
1981 – Romeo Santos, American singer-songwriter
1981 – Stefan Schumacher, German cyclist
1982 – Jason Cram, Australian swimmer
1982 – Mao Kobayashi, Japanese newscaster and actress (d. 2017)
1984 – Jurrick Juliana, Dutch footballer
1984 – Liam Ridgewell, English footballer
1985 – Mati Lember, Estonian footballer
1985 – Von Wafer, American basketball player
1986 – Anthony Annan, Ghanaian footballer
1986 – Rebecca Ferguson, American-English singer-songwriter
1986 – Jason Thompson, American basketball player
1987 – Bilel Mohsni, French footballer
1987 – Jesús Zavala, Mexican footballer
1988 – KB, American rapper
1988 – DeAndre Jordan, American basketball player
1988 – Chris Mitchell, Scottish footballer (d. 2016)
1989 – Marco Fabián, Mexican footballer
1989 – Juno Temple, English actress
1990 – Chris Martin, English footballer
1990 – Jason Roy, English cricketer
1990 – Erislandy Savón, Cuban amateur heavyweight boxer
1990 – Franck Elemba, Congolese athlete
1991 – Sara Sampaio, Portuguese model
1992 – Rachael Flatt, American figure skater
1996 – Mikael Ingebrigtsen, Norwegian footballer
1998 – Thomas Preining, Austrian racing driver

Deaths

658 – K'an II, Mayan ruler (b. 588)
710 – Li Guo'er, princess of the Tang dynasty
710 – Wei, empress of the Tang Dynasty
710 – Shangguan Wan'er, Chinese poet (b. 664)
987 – Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou
1259 – Gojong of Goryeo
1403 – Henry Percy, English soldier (b. 1364)
1403 – Sir Walter Blount, English soldier, standard-bearer of Henry IV
1403 – Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, English soldier
1425 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1350)
1552 – Antonio de Mendoza, Spanish politician, 1st Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1495)
1688 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1610)
1793 – Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French admiral, explorer, and politician (b. 1739)
1796 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet and songwriter (b. 1759)
1798 – François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (b. 1733)
1798 – Anthony Perry, Irish rebel leader (b. ca. 1760)
1868 – William Bland, Australian surgeon and politician (b. 1789)
1878 – Sam Bass, American outlaw (b. 1851)
1880 – Hiram Walden, American general and politician (b. 1800)
1889 – Nelson Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1813)
1899 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1833)
1920 – Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer and educator (b. 1864)
1932 – Bill Gleason, American baseball player (b. 1858)
1934 – Hubert Lyautey, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (b. 1854)
1938 – Owen Wister, American lawyer and author (b. 1860)
1941 – Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian poet and scholar (b. 1872)
1943 – Charley Paddock, American runner and actor (b. 1900)
1943 – Louis Vauxcelles, French Jewish art critic (b. 1870)
1944 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German soldier (b. 1907)
1946 – Gualberto Villarroel, Bolivian soldier and politician, 45th President of Bolivia (b. 1908)
1948 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1904)
1952 – Pedro Lascuráin, Mexican politician, president for 45 minutes on February 13, 1913. (b. 1856)
1966 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Vienna Circle member (b. 1884)
1967 – Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1907)
1967 – Albert Lutuli, South African academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
1967 – Basil Rathbone, South African-American actor and singer (b. 1892)
1968 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1878)
1970 – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov, Russian anthropologist and sculptor (b. 1907)
1970 – Bob Kalsu, American football player and lieutenant (b. 1945)
1972 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (b. 1889)
1972 – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Bhutanese king (b. 1928)
1977 – Lee Miller, American model and photographer (b. 1907)
1982 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and actor (b. 1913)
1991 – Paul Warwick, English race car driver (b. 1969)
1994 – Marijac, French author and illustrator (b. 1908)
1997 – Olaf Kopvillem, Estonian-Canadian conductor and composer (b. 1926)
1998 – Alan Shepard, American admiral, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1923)
1998 – Robert Young, American actor and singer (b. 1907)
2000 – Marc Reisner, American environmentalist and author (b. 1948)
2002 – Esphyr Slobodkina, Russian-American author and illustrator (b. 1908)
2003 – John Davies, English-New Zealand runner and coach (b. 1938)
2004 – Jerry Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1929)
2004 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
2005 – Long John Baldry, English-Canadian singer and actor (b. 1941)
2005 – Lord Alfred Hayes, English-American wrestler and manager (b. 1928)
2006 – Mako Iwamatsu, Japanese-American actor and singer (b. 1933)
2006 – Ta Mok, Cambodian soldier and monk (b. 1926)
2007 – Dubravko Škiljan, Croatian linguist and academic (b. 1949)
2008 – Donald Stokes, English businessman (b. 1914)
2010 – Luis Corvalán, Chilean educator and politician (b. 1916)
2010 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1919)
2010 – John E. Irving, Canadian businessman (b. 1932)
2012 – Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-American journalist and author (b. 1941)
2012 – Marie Kruckel, American baseball player (b. 1924)
2012 – Ali Podrimja, Albanian poet and author (b. 1942)
2012 – James D. Ramage, American admiral and pilot (b. 1916)
2012 – Angharad Rees, English-born Welsh actress (b. 1944)
2012 – Don Wilson, English cricketer and coach (b. 1937)
2013 – Andrea Antonelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1988)
2013 – Lourembam Brojeshori Devi, Indian martial artist (b. 1981)
2013 – Det de Beus, Dutch field hockey player (b. 1958)
2013 – Luis Fernando Rizo-Salom, Colombian-French composer and educator (b. 1971)
2013 – Fred Taylor, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
2014 – Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo (Native American) writer, poet, and educator (b. 1926)
2014 – Dan Borislow, American businessman, invented the magicJack (b. 1961)
2014 – Lettice Curtis, English engineer and pilot (b. 1915)
2014 – Hans-Peter Kaul, German lawyer and judge (b. 1943)
2014 – Rilwanu Lukman, Nigerian engineer and politician (b. 1938)
2014 – Kevin Skinner, New Zealand rugby player and boxer (b. 1927)
2015 – Robert Broberg, Swedish singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
2015 – E. L. Doctorow, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1931)
2015 – Nicholas Gonzalez, American physician (b. 1947)
2015 – Czesław Marchaj, Polish-English sailor and academic (b. 1918)
2015 – Dick Nanninga, Dutch footballer (b. 1949)
2016 – Dennis Green, American football player and coach (b. 1949)
2017 – John Heard, American film and television actor (b. 1946)
2018 – Alene Duerk, U.S. Navy first female admiral (b. 1920)

On this day - 21 July

356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
The Temple of Artemis or Artemision (Greek: Ἀρτεμίσιον; Turkish: Artemis Tapınağı), also known less precisely as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (associated with Diana, a Roman goddess). It was located in Ephesus (near the modern town of Selçuk in present-day Turkey). It was completely rebuilt twice, once after a devastating flood and three hundred years later after an act of arson, and in its final form was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. By 401 AD it had been ruined or destroyed. Only foundations and fragments of the last temple remain at the site.

On this day - 21 July

1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.

On this day - 21 July

1904 – Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.

On this day - 22 July

Events

838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1209 – Massacre at Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.
1298 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.
1342 – St. Mary Magdalene's flood is the worst such event on record for central Europe.
1443 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl in the Old Zürich War.
1456 – Ottoman wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade: John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire.
1484 – Battle of Lochmaben Fair: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
1499 – Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
1587 – Roanoke Colony: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
1598 – William Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of Venice, is entered on the Stationers’ Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers’ Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.
1686 – Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.
1706 – The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each countries' Parliaments, led to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
1793 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.
1796 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
1797 – Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.
1802 – Emperor Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unified Viet Nam, which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare.
1805 – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Cape Finisterre: An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta: Outside Atlanta, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.
1893 – Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful" after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado.
1894 – The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but the 'official' victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his 3 hp petrol engined Peugeot.
1916 – Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40.
1921 – Rif War: The Spanish Army suffers its worst military defeat in modern times to the Berbers of the Rif region of Spanish Morocco.
1933 – Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes.
1937 – New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.
1942 – Grossaktion Warsaw: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto begins.
1943 – World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily.
1943 – World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens, killing 22.
1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland.
1946 – King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.
1962 – Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
1963 – Crown Colony of Sarawak gains self-governance.
1976 – Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War.
1977 – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
1983 – Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
1990 – Greg LeMond, an American road racing cyclist, wins his third Tour de France after leading the majority of the race. It was LeMond's second consecutive Tour de France victory.
1992 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.
1993 – Great Flood of 1993: Levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.
1997 – The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.
2003 – Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard.
2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings.
2011 – 2011 Norway attacks: first a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo, followed by a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya.
2013 – 2013 Dingxi earthquakes, a series of earthquakes in Dingxi, China, kills at least 89 people and injures more than 500 others.

Births

1210 – Joan of England, Queen of Scotland (d. 1238)
1437 – John Scrope, 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton, English Baron (d. 1498)
1476 – Zhu Youyuan, Ming Dynasty politician (d. 1519)
1478 – Philip I of Castile (d. 1506)
1531 – Leonhard Thurneysser, scholar and elector of Brandenburg (d. 1595)
1535 – Katarina Stenbock, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1621)
1552 – Anthony Browne, Sheriff of Surrey and Kent (d. 1592)
1552 – Mary Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton, Lady of English peer and others (d. 1607)
1559 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian priest and saint (d. 1619)
1615 – Marguerite of Lorraine, princess of Lorraine, duchess of Orléans (d. 1672)
1618 – Johan Nieuhof, Dutch traveler (d. 1672)
1621 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (d. 1683)
1630 – Madame de Brinvilliers, French aristocrat (d. 1676)
1647 – Margaret Mary Alacoque, French nun, mystic and saint (d. 1690)
1651 – Ferdinand Tobias Richter, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1711)
1711 – Georg Wilhelm Richmann, German-Russian physicist and academic (d. 1753)
1713 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect, designed the Panthéon (d. 1780)
1733 – Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and historian (d. 1790)
1755 – Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1839)
1784 – Friedrich Bessel, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1846)
1820 – Oliver Mowat, Canadian politician, third Premier of Ontario, eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (d. 1903)
1839 – Jakob Hurt, Estonian theologist and linguist (d. 1907)
1844 – William Archibald Spooner, English priest and scholar (d. 1930)
1848 – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1914)
1849 – Emma Lazarus, American poet and educator (d. 1887)
1856 – Octave Hamelin, French philosopher (d. 1907)
1862 – Cosmo Duff-Gordon, Scottish fencer (d. 1931)
1863 – Alec Hearne, English cricketer (d. 1952)
1878 – Janusz Korczak, Polish pediatrician and author (d. 1942)
1881 – Augusta Fox Bronner, American psychologist, specialist in juvenile psychology (d. 1966)
1882 – Edward Hopper, American painter and etcher (d. 1967)
1884 – Odell Shepard, American poet and politician, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (d. 1967)
1886 – Hella Wuolijoki, Estonian-Finnish author (d. 1954)
1887 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
1888 – Kirk Bryan, American geologist and academic (d. 1950)
1888 – Selman Waksman, Jewish-American biochemist and microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
1889 – James Whale, English director (d. 1957)
1890 – Rose Kennedy, American philanthropist (d. 1995)
1892 – Jack MacBryan, English cricketer and field hockey player (d. 1983)
1893 – Jesse Haines, American baseball player and coach (d. 1978)
1893 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist and author (d. 1990)
1895 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet, journalist, and diplomat (d. 1976)
1898 – Stephen Vincent Benét, American poet, short story writer, and novelist (d. 1943)
1899 – Sobhuza II of Swaziland (d. 1982)
1908 – Amy Vanderbilt, American author (d. 1974)
1909 – Licia Albanese, Italian-American soprano and actress (d. 2014)
1909 – Dorino Serafini, Italian racing driver (d. 2000)
1910 – Ruthie Tompson, American animator and artist
1913 – Gorni Kramer, Italian bassist, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1995)
1915 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Indian-Pakistani politician and diplomat (d. 2000)
1916 – Gino Bianco, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1984)
1916 – Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (d. 1949)
1921 – William Roth, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
1923 – Bob Dole, American soldier, lawyer, and politician
1923 – Mukesh Chand Mathur, Indian playback singer (d. 1976)
1923 – César Fernández Ardavín, Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
1924 – Margaret Whiting, American singer (d. 2011)
1925 – Jack Matthews, American author, playwright, and academic (d. 2013)
1925 – Joseph Sargent, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2014)
1926 – Bryan Forbes, English actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1926 – Wolfgang Iser, German scholar, literary theorist (d. 2007)
1927 – Johan Ferner, Norwegian sailor (d. 2015)
1928 – Orson Bean, American actor (d. 2020)
1928 – Jimmy Hill, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2015)
1929 – John Barber, English racing driver (d. 2015)
1929 – Leonid Stolovich, Russian-Estonian philosopher and academic (d. 2013)
1929 – Neil Welliver, American painter (d. 2005)
1929 – Baselios Thomas I, Indian bishop
1931 – Leo Labine, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2005)
1932 – Oscar de la Renta, Dominican-American fashion designer (d. 2014)
1932 – Tom Robbins, American novelist
1934 – Junior Cook, American saxophonist (d. 1992)
1934 – Louise Fletcher, American actress
1934 – Leon Rotman, Romanian canoeist
1935 – Tom Cartwright, English-Welsh cricketer and coach (d. 2007)
1936 – Don Patterson, American organist (d. 1988)
1936 – Harold Rhodes, English cricketer
1936 – Geraldine Claudette Darden, American mathematician
1937 – Chuck Jackson, American R&B singer and songwriter
1937 – Yasuhiro Kojima, Japanese-American wrestler and manager (d. 1999)
1937 – John Price, English cricketer
1937 – Vasant Ranjane, Indian cricketer (d. 2011)
1938 – Terence Stamp, English actor
1940 – Judith Walzer Leavitt, American historian and academic
1940 – Alex Trebek, Canadian-American game show host and producer
1941 – Estelle Bennett, American singer (d. 2009)
1941 – Vaughn Bodē, American illustrator (d. 1975)
1941 – George Clinton, American singer-songwriter and producer
1941 – David M. Kennedy, American historian and author
1942 – Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun, English-Australian politician (d. 2012)
1942 – Peter Habeler, Austrian mountaineer and skier
1942 – Les Johns, Australian rugby league player and coach
1943 – Masaru Emoto, Japanese author and activist (d. 2014)
1943 – Kay Bailey Hutchison, American lawyer and politician
1943 – Bobby Sherman, American singer-songwriter and actor
1944 – Rick Davies, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
1944 – Sparky Lyle, American baseball player and manager
1944 – Anand Satyanand, New Zealand lawyer, judge, and politician, 19th Governor-General of New Zealand
1945 – Philip Cohen, English biochemist and academic
1946 – Danny Glover, American actor, director, and producer
1946 – Paul Schrader, American director and screenwriter
1946 – Rolando Joven Tria Tirona, Filipino archbishop
1946 – Johnson Toribiong, Palauan lawyer and politician, 7th President of Palau
1947 – Albert Brooks, American actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter
1947 – Gilles Duceppe, Canadian politician
1947 – Don Henley, American singer-songwriter and drummer
1949 – Alan Menken, American pianist and composer
1949 – Lasse Virén, Finnish runner and police officer
1950 – S. E. Hinton, American author
1951 – Richard Bennett, American guitarist and producer
1951 – J. V. Cain, American football player (d. 1979)
1951 – Patriarch Daniel of Romania
1953 – Brian Howe, English singer-songwriter
1954 – Al Di Meola, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1954 – Steve LaTourette, American lawyer and politician (d. 2016)
1954 – Lonette McKee, American actress and singer
1954 – Ingrid Daubechies, Belgian physicist and mathematician
1955 – Richard J. Corman, American businessman, founded the R.J. Corman Railroad Group (d. 2013)
1955 – Willem Dafoe, American actor
1956 – Mick Pointer, English neo-progressive rock drummer (Marillion; Arena)
1956 – Scott Sanderson, American baseball player and sportscaster
1957 – Dave Stieb, American baseball player
1958 – Tatsunori Hara, Japanese baseball player and coach
1958 – David Von Erich, American wrestler (d. 1984)
1960 – Jon Oliva, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
1961 – Calvin Fish, English racing driver and sportscaster
1961 – Keith Sweat, American singer-songwriter and producer
1962 – Alvin Robertson, American basketball player
1962 – Martine St. Clair, Canadian singer and actress
1963 – Emilio Butragueño, Spanish footballer
1963 – Emily Saliers, American singer-songwriter and musician
1964 – Will Calhoun, American rock drummer (Living Colour)
1964 – Bonnie Langford, English actress and dancer
1964 – John Leguizamo, Colombian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1964 – David Spade, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1965 – Derrick Dalley, Canadian educator and politician
1965 – Shawn Michaels, American wrestler, trainer, and actor
1965 – Richard B. Poore, New Zealand humanitarian
1965 – Doug Riesenberg, American football player and coach
1966 – Tim Brown, American football player and manager
1967 – Lauren Booth, English journalist and activist
1967 – Rhys Ifans, Welsh actor
1969 – Despina Vandi, German-Greek singer and actress
1970 – Jason Becker, American guitarist and songwriter
1970 – Steve Carter, Australian rugby league player
1970 – Sergei Zubov, Russian ice hockey player and coach
1972 – Franco Battaini, Italian Motor Cycle racer
1972 – Colin Ferguson, Canadian actor, director, and producer
1972 – Seth Fisher, American illustrator (d. 2006)
1972 – Keyshawn Johnson, American football player and sportscaster
1973 – Brian Chippendale, American singer and drummer
1973 – Mike Sweeney, American baseball player and sportscaster
1973 – Ece Temelkuran, Turkish journalist and author
1973 – Rufus Wainwright, American-Canadian singer-songwriter
1974 – Franka Potente, German actress
1977 – Ezio Galon, Italian rugby player
1977 – Ingo Hertzsch, German footballer
1977 – Gustavo Nery, Brazilian footballer
1978 – Runako Morton, Nevisian cricketer (d. 2012)
1978 – Dennis Rommedahl, Danish footballer
1979 – Lucas Luhr, German racing driver
1979 – Yadel Martí, Cuban baseball player
1980 – Dirk Kuyt, Dutch footballer
1980 – Kate Ryan, Belgian singer-songwriter
1980 – Tablo, South Korean-Canadian rapper
1982 – Nuwan Kulasekara, Sri Lankan cricketer
1983 – Aldo de Nigris, Mexican footballer
1983 – Dries Devenyns, Belgian cyclist
1983 – Steven Jackson, American football player
1983 – Andreas Ulvo, Norwegian pianist
1984 – Stewart Downing, English footballer
1985 – Jessica Abbott, Australian swimmer
1985 – Takudzwa Ngwenya, Zimbabwean-American rugby player
1985 – Akira Tozawa, Japanese wrestler
1986 – Stevie Johnson, American football player
1986 - Colin de Grandhomme, Zimbawean born New Zealand Cricketer.
1987 – Denis Gargaud Chanut, French slalom canoeist
1987 – Charlotte Kalla, Swedish skier
1988 – William Buick, Norwegian-British flat jockey
1988 – Paul Coutts, Scottish footballer
1988 – Thomas Kraft, German footballer
1988 – Sercan Temizyürek, Turkish footballer
1989 – Keegan Allen, American actor, photographer and musician
1991 – Matty James, English footballer
1992 – Anja Aguilar, Filipino actress and singer
1992 – Selena Gomez, American singer and actress
1992 – Carolin Schnarre, German Paralympic equestrian
1993 – Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Kyrgyzstani-American terrorist
1994 – Jaz Sinclair, American film and television actress
1995 – Ezekiel Elliott, American football player
1995 – Armaan Malik, Indian playback singer, composer and songwriter
1996 – Skyler Gisondo, American actor
2002 – Prince Felix of Denmark
2013 – Prince George of Cambridge

Deaths

698 – Wu Chengsi, nephew of Chinese sovereign Wu Zetian
1258 – Meinhard I, Count of Gorizia-Tyrol (b. c. 1200)
1274 – Henry I of Navarre, Count of Champagne and Brie and King of Navarre
1298 – Sir John de Graham, Scottish soldier at the Battle of Falkirk
1362 – Louis, Count of Gravina (b. 1324)
1376 – Simon Langham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1310)
1387 – Frans Ackerman, Flemish politician (b. 1330)
1461 – Charles VII of France (b. 1403)
1525 – Richard Wingfield, English courtier and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1426)
1540 – John Zápolya, Hungarian king (b. 1487)
1550 – Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra (b. 1481)
1581 – Richard Cox, English bishop (b. 1500)
1619 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian priest and saint (b. 1559)
1645 – Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish statesman (b. 1587)
1676 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
1726 – Hugh Drysdale, English-American politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia
1734 – Peter King, 1st Baron King, English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1669)
1789 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French politician, Controller-General of Finances (b. 1715)
1802 – Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist and physiologist (b. 1771)
1824 – Thomas Macnamara Russell, English admiral
1826 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian mathematician and astronomer (b. 1746)
1832 – Napoleon II, French emperor (b. 1811)
1833 – Joseph Forlenze, Italian ophthalmologist and surgeon (b. 1757)
1864 – James B. McPherson, American general (b. 1828)
1869 – John A. Roebling, German-American engineer, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (b. 1806)
1902 – Mieczysław Halka-Ledóchowski, Polish cardinal (b. 1822)
1903 – Cassius Marcellus Clay, American publisher, lawyer, and politician, United States Ambassador to Russia (b. 1810)
1904 – Wilson Barrett, English actor and playwright (b. 1846)
1906 – William Snodgrass, Canadian minister and academic (b. 1827)
1908 – Randal Cremer, English politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1828)
1915 – Sandford Fleming, Scottish-Canadian engineer and inventor, developed Standard time (b. 1827)
1916 – James Whitcomb Riley, American poet and author (b. 1849)
1918 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian lieutenant and first Indian fighter aircraft pilot (b. 1898)
1920 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, American businessman and horse breeder (b. 1849)
1922 – Jōkichi Takamine, Japanese-American chemist and academic (b. 1854)
1932 – J. Meade Falkner, English author and poet (b. 1858)
1932 – Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor and academic (b. 1866)
1932 – Errico Malatesta, Italian activist and author (b. 1853)
1932 – Flo Ziegfeld, American actor and producer (b. 1867)
1934 – John Dillinger, American gangster (b. 1903)
1937 – Ted McDonald, Australian cricketer and footballer (b. 1891)
1940 – George Fuller, Australian politician, 22nd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1861)
1940 – Albert Young, American boxer and promoter (b. 1877)
1948 – Rūdolfs Jurciņš, Latvian basketball player (b. 1909)
1950 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian economist and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)
1958 – Mikhail Zoshchenko, Ukrainian-Russian soldier and author (b. 1895)
1967 – Carl Sandburg, American poet and historian (b. 1878)
1968 – Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist and cartoonist (b. 1908)
1969 – Judy Garland, American actress, singer, dancer, and vaudevillian (b. 1922)
1970 – George Johnston, Australian journalist and author (b. 1912)
1974 – Wayne Morse, American lawyer and politician (b. 1900)
1979 – J. V. Cain, American football player (b. 1951)
1979 – Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1929)
1986 – Floyd Gottfredson, American author and illustrator (b. 1905)
1986 – Ede Staal, Dutch singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
1987 – Fahrettin Kerim Gökay, Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of Health (b. 1900)
1990 – Manuel Puig, Argentinian author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1932)
1990 – Eduard Streltsov, Soviet footballer (b. 1937)
1992 – David Wojnarowicz, American painter, photographer, and activist (b. 1954)
1995 – Harold Larwood, English-Australian cricketer (b. 1904)
1996 – Rob Collins, English keyboard player (b. 1956)
1998 – Fritz Buchloh, German footballer and coach (b. 1909)
2000 – Eric Christmas, English-born Canadian actor (b. 1916)
2000 – Carmen Martín Gaite, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1925)
2000 – Raymond Lemieux, Canadian chemist and academic (b. 1920)
2000 – Claude Sautet, French director and screenwriter (b. 1924)
2001 – Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (b. 1909)
2004 – Sacha Distel, French singer and guitarist (b. 1933)
2004 – Illinois Jacquet, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1922)
2005 – Eugene Record, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1940)
2006 – Dika Newlin, American composer, singer-songwriter, and pianist (d. 1923)
2006 – José Antonio Delgado, Venezuelan mountaineer (b. 1965)
2007 – Mike Coolbaugh, American baseball player and coach (b. 1972)
2007 – Jarrod Cunningham, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1968)
2007 – László Kovács, Hungarian-American director and cinematographer (b. 1933)
2007 – Rollie Stiles, American baseball player (b. 1906)
2008 – Estelle Getty, American actress (b. 1923)
2009 – Richard M. Givan, American lawyer and judge (b. 1921)
2009 – Peter Krieg, German director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1947)
2010 – Kenny Guinn, American banker and politician, 27th Governor of Nevada (b. 1936)
2011 – Linda Christian, Mexican-American actress (b. 1923)
2011 – Cees de Wolf, Dutch footballer (b. 1945)
2012 – Ding Guangen, Chinese engineer and politician (b. 1929)
2012 – George Armitage Miller, American psychologist and academic (b. 1920)
2012 – Frank Pierson, American director and screenwriter (b. 1925)
2013 – Natalie de Blois, American architect, co-designed the Lever House (b. 1921)
2013 – Dennis Farina, American policeman and actor (b. 1944)
2013 – Lawrie Reilly, Scottish footballer (b. 1928)
2013 – Rosalie E. Wahl, American lawyer and judge (b. 1924)
2014 – Johann Breyer, German SS officer (b. 1925)
2014 – Louis Lentin, Irish director and producer (b. 1933)
2014 – Nitzan Shirazi, Israeli footballer and manager (b. 1971)
2018 – Frank Havens, American canoeist (b. 1924)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_22

On this day - 22 July

1844 – William Archibald Spooner, English priest and scholar (d. 1930)

Spooner's Spoonerisms
fighting a liar lighting a fire
you hissed my mystery lecture you missed my history lecture
cattle ships and bruisers battle ships and cruisers
nosey little cook cosy little nook
a blushing crow a crushing blow
tons of soil sons of toil
our queer old Dean our dear old Queen
we'll have the hags flung out we'll have the flags hung out
you've tasted two worms you've wasted two terms
our shoving leopard our loving shepherd
a half-warmed fish a half-formed wish
is the bean dizzy? is the Dean busy?

More Funny Spoonerisms
know your blows blow your nose
go and shake a tower go and take a shower
tease my ears ease my tears
nicking your pose picking your nose
you have very mad banners you have very bad manners
lack of pies pack of lies
it's roaring with pain it's pouring with rain
sealing the hick healing the sick
go help me sod so help me God
pit nicking nit picking
bowel feast foul beast
I'm a damp stealer I'm a stamp dealer
hypodemic nurdle hypodermic needle
wave the sails save the whales
chipping the flannel on TV flipping the channel on TV
mad bunny bad money
I'm shout of the hour I'm out of the shower
lead of spite speed of light
this is the pun fart this is the fun part
I hit my bunny phone I hit my funny bone
flutter by butterfly
bedding wells wedding bells
I must mend the sail I must send the mail
cop porn popcorn
it crawls through the fax it falls through the cracks
my zips are lipped my lips are zipped
bat flattery flat battery
would you like a nasal hut? would you like a hazel nut?
puke on coupon
belly jeans jelly beans
eye ball bye all
fight in your race right in your face
ready as a stock steady as a rock
no tails toe nails
hiss and lear listen here
soul of ballad bowl of salad

Cack of Pards Spoonerisms
Two of Hearts 2♥ Who of tarts?
Four of Hearts 4♥ Whore of farts
Eight of Hearts 8♥ Hate of Arts
Ten of Hearts 10♥ Hen of tarts
Ace of Spades A♠ Space of aids
Four of Spades 4♠ Spore of fades
Eight of Spades 8♠ Spate of AIDS
Four of Diamonds 4♦ Door of fireman's
Five of Diamonds 5♦ Dive of fireman's
Six of Diamonds 6♦ Dicks of Simon's
Two of Clubs 2♣ Clue of tubs
Five of Clubs 5♣ Clive of Fubbs

On this day - 22 July

1933 – Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes.

On this day - 23 July

Events

811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.
1632 – Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
1793 – Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
1813 – Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a de facto colony.
1821 – While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor's coasts.
1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
1840 – The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
1862 – American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
1881 – The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
1885 – President Ulysses S. Grant dies of throat cancer.
1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
1908 – The Second Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.
1914 – Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and Austria declares war on July 28.
1919 – Prince Regent Aleksander Karađorđević signs the decree establishing the University of Ljubljana
1921 – The Communist Party of China (CPC) is established at the founding National Congress.
1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.
1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
1940 – The United States' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1942 – World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.
1942 – Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.
1943 – The Rayleigh bath chair murder occurred in Rayleigh, Essex, England.
1943 – World War II: The British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.
1945 – The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.
1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
1962 – The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.
1962 – Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
1967 – Detroit Riots: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.
1968 – Glenville shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.
1968 – The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, to Lod, Israel.
1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.
1972 – The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite.
1974 – The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece's metapolitefsi era.
1980 – Phạm Tuân becomes the first Vietnamese citizen and the first Asian in space when he flies aboard the Soyuz 37 mission as an Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut.
1982 – Outside Santa Clarita, California, actor Vic Morrow and two children are killed when a helicopter crashes onto them while shooting a scene from Twilight Zone: The Movie.
1983 – Thirteen Sri Lanka Army soldiers are killed after a deadly ambush by the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that limiting certain rights of homosexual people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.
1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
1995 – Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.
1997 – Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
1999 – Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-93, with Eileen Collins becoming the first female space shuttle commander. The shuttle also carried and deployed the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
2014 – TransAsia Airways Flight 222 crashes in Xixi village near Huxi, Penghu, during approach to Phengu Airport. 48 of the 58 people on board are killed and five more people on the ground are injured.
2015 – NASA announces discovery of Kepler-452b by Kepler.
2016 – Kabul twin bombing occurred in the vicinity of Deh Mazang when protesters, mostly from the Shiite Hazara minority, were marching against route changing of the TUTAP power project. At least 80 people were killed and 260 were injured.
2018 – A wildfire in East Attica, Greece caused the death of 102 people. It was the deadliest wildfire in history of Greece and the second-deadliest in the world, in the 21st century, after the 2009 bushfires in Australia that killed 180.

Births

1301 – Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)
1339 – Louis I, Duke of Anjou (d. 1384)
1370 – Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder, humanist (d. 1444 or 1445)
1401 – Francesco I Sforza, Italian husband of Bianca Maria Visconti (d. 1466)
1441 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1457)
1503 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1547)
1614 – Bonaventura Peeters the Elder, Flemish painter (d. 1652)
1635 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, New France garrison commander (d. 1660)
1649 – Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)
1705 – Francis Blomefield, English historian and author (d. 1752)
1713 – Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (d. 1792)
1773 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish general and politician, 6th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860)
1775 – Étienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1812)
1777 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter and illustrator (d. 1810)
1796 – Franz Berwald, Swedish surgeon and composer (d. 1868)
1802 – Manuel María Lombardini, Mexican general and president (1853) (d. 1853)
1823 – Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian archbishop and missionary (d. 1894)
1838 – Édouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (d. 1910)
1851 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (d. 1909)
1856 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian lawyer and journalist (d. 1920)
1864 – Apolinario Mabini, Filipino lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines (d. 1903)
1865 – Henry Norris, English businessman and politician (d. 1934)
1866 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and academic (d. 1950)
1878 – James Thomas Milton Anderson, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Saskatchewan (d. 1946)
1882 – Kâzım Karabekir, Turkish general and politician, 5th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (b. 1948)
1883 – Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, French-English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of the County of London (d. 1963)
1884 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-German actor (d. 1950)
1885 – Izaak Killam, Canadian financier and philanthropist (d. 1955)
1885 – Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American businessman, created Prince Matchabelli perfume (d. 1935)
1886 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish historian and diplomat (d. 1978)
1886 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (d. 1976)
1888 – Raymond Chandler, American crime novelist and screenwriter (d. 1959)
1891 – Louis T. Wright, American surgeon and civil rights activist (d. 1952)
1892 – Haile Selassie, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1975)
1894 – Arthur Treacher, English-American actor and television personality (d. 1975)
1895 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)
1898 – Daniel Cosío Villegas, Mexican historian, economist (d. 1976)
1898 – Bengt Djurberg, Swedish actor and singer (d. 1941)
1898 – Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1987)
1898 – Herman Kruusenberg, Estonian wrestler (d. 1970)
1898 – Jacob Marschak, Ukrainian-American economist, journalist, and author (d. 1977)
1899 – Gustav Heinemann, German lawyer and politician, 3rd President of West Germany (d. 1976)
1900 – Julia Davis Adams, American author and journalist (d. 1993)
1900 – John Babcock, Canadian-American sergeant (d. 2010)
1900 – Inger Margrethe Boberg, Danish folklore researcher and writer (d. 1957)
1901 – Hank Worden, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
1901 – Isabel Luberza Oppenheimer, Puerto Rican brothel owner and madam in barrio Maragüez, Ponce, Puerto Rico (d. 1974)
1905 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian author and educator (d. 2013)
1906 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
1906 – Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian activist (d. 1931)
1912 – M. H. Abrams, American author, critic, and academic (d. 2015)
1912 – Michael Wilding, English actor (d. 1979)
1913 – Michael Foot, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Employment (d. 2010)
1914 – Nassos Daphnis, Greek-American painter (d.2010)
1914 – Virgil Finlay, American illustrator (d. 1971)
1914 – Elly Annie Schneider, German-American actress (d. 2004)
1916 – Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (d. 2013)
1918 – Abraham Bueno de Mesquita, Dutch comedian and actor (d. 2005)
1918 – Ruth Duccini, American actress (d. 2014)
1918 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1999)
1921 – Calvert DeForest, American actor (d. 2007)
1922 – Damiano Damiani, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1922 – Jenny Pike, Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (d. 2004)
1923 – Luis Aloma, Cuban-American baseball player (d. 1997)
1923 – Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist and academic (d. 2018)
1923 – Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (d. 2001)
1924 – Gavin Lambert, English-American screenwriter and author (d. 2005)
1924 – Gazanfer Bilge, Turkish wrestler (d. 2008)
1925 – Tajuddin Ahmad, Bangladeshi politician, 1st Prime Minister of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
1925 – Quett Masire, Botswana politician, the former Vice-President of Botswana (d. 2017)
1925 – Alain Decaux, French historian and author (d. 2016)
1925 – Gloria DeHaven, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
1926 – Ludvík Vaculík, Czech journalist and author (d. 2015)
1927 – Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
1928 – Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor
1928 – Vera Rubin, American astronomer and academic (d. 2016)
1928 – Hubert Selby, Jr., American author and screenwriter (d. 2004)
1929 – Danny Barcelona, American drummer (d. 2007)
1929 – Lateef Jakande, Nigerian journalist and politician, 5th Governor of Lagos State
1931 – Te Atairangikaahu, Māori queen (d. 2006)
1931 – Claude Fournier, Canadian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer
1931 – Guy Fournier, Canadian author and screenwriter
1933 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum (d. 2010)
1933 – Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (d. 1991)
1933 – Benedict Groeschel, American priest, psychologist, and talk show host (d. 2014)
1933 – Richard Rogers, Italian-English architect, designed the Millennium Dome and Lloyd's building
1935 – Jim Hall, American race car driver
1936 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1993)
1936 – Anthony Kennedy, American lawyer and jurist
1937 – Dave Webster, American football player and engineer
1938 – Juliet Anderson, American porn actress and producer (d. 2010)
1938 – Ronny Cox, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
1938 – Charles Harrelson, American murderer (d. 2007)
1938 – Bert Newton, Australian actor and television host
1940 – Danielle Collobert, French author, poet, and journalist (d. 1978)
1940 – Don Imus, American radio host (d. 2019)
1940 – Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finance (d. 2010)
1941 – Christopher Andrew, English historian and academic
1941 – Richie Evans, American race car driver (d. 1985)
1941 – Sergio Mattarella, Italian lawyer, judge, and politician, 12th President of Italy
1942 – Sallyanne Atkinson, Australian journalist and politician, Lord Mayor of Brisbane
1942 – Madeline Bell, American singer-songwriter
1942 – Richard E. Dauch, American businessman, co-founded American Axle (d. 2013)
1942 – Dimitris Liantinis, Greek philosopher and author (d. 1998)
1943 – Randall Forsberg, American scientist (d. 2007)
1943 – Tony Joe White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018)
1944 – Dino Danelli, American drummer
1944 – Maria João Pires, Portuguese pianist
1945 – Edward Gregson, English composer and educator
1945 – Jon Sammels, English footballer
1946 – Andy Mackay, English oboe player and composer
1946 – René Ricard, American poet, painter, and critic (d. 2014)
1947 – Gardner Dozois, American journalist and author (d. 2018)
1947 – David Essex, English singer-songwriter, and actor
1947 – Torsten Palm, Swedish race car driver
1947 – Robin Simon, English historian, critic, and academic
1948 – Ross Cranston, Australian-English lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales
1948 – John Cushnahan, Northern Irish educator and politician
1948 – John Hall, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and politician
1948 – Stanisław Targosz, Polish general (d. 2013)
1949 – Clive Rice, South African cricketer and coach (d. 2015)
1950 – Alex Kozinski, Romanian-born American lawyer and judge
1950 – Ian Thomas, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1950 – Blair Thornton, Canadian guitarist and songwriter
1950 – Alan Turner, Australian cricketer
1952 – Paul Hibbert, Australian cricketer and coach (d. 2008)
1952 – Bill Nyrop, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1995)
1952 – John Rutsey, Canadian drummer (d. 2008)
1952 – Janis Siegel, American jazz singer (The Manhattan Transfer)
1953 – Graham Gooch, English cricketer and coach
1953 – Najib Razak, Malaysian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia
1957 – Jo Brand, English comedian, actress, and screenwriter
1957 – Nikos Galis, American basketball player
1957 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
1957 – Quentin Willson, English TV presenter, Top Gear.
1958 – Ken Green, American golfer
1958 – Tomy Winata, Indonesian businessman and philanthropist, founded the Artha Graha Peduli Foundation
1959 – Nancy Savoca, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1960 – Gary Ella, Australian rugby player
1960 – Susan Graham, American soprano and educator
1960 – Al Perez, American wrestler
1961 – André Ducharme, Canadian comedian and author
1961 – Michael Durant, American pilot and author
1961 – Martin Gore, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1961 – Woody Harrelson, American actor and activist
1961 – Milind Gunaji, Indian actor, model, television show host, and author
1962 – Eriq La Salle, American actor, director, and producer
1962 – Mark Laurie, Australian rugby league player
1962 – Alain Lefèvre, Canadian pianist and composer
1963 – Slobodan Zivojinovic, Serbian tennis player
1964 – Uwe Barth, German politician
1964 – Nick Menza, German drummer and songwriter (d. 2016)
1965 – Rob Dickinson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1965 – Slash, English-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1967 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2014)
1968 – Elden Campbell, American basketball player
1968 – Gary Payton, American basketball player and actor
1968 – Stephanie Seymour, American model and actress
1969 – Andrew Cassels, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1970 – Charisma Carpenter, American actress
1970 – Thea Dorn, German author and playwright
1970 – Sam Watters, American singer-songwriter and producer
1970 – Saulius Skvernelis, 13th Prime Minister of Lithuania (since 2016)
1971 – Dalvin DeGrate, American rapper and producer
1971 – Alison Krauss, American singer-songwriter and fiddler
1971 – Joel Stein, American journalist
1972 – Suat Kılıç, Turkish journalist, lawyer, and politician, Turkish Minister of Youth and Sports
1972 – Floyd Reifer, Barbadian cricketer and coach
1972 – Marlon Wayans, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1973 – Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player and sportscaster
1973 – Fran Healy, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
1973 – Himesh Reshammiya, Indian singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and director
1973 – Andrea Scanavacca, Italian rugby player and manager
1974 – Terry Glenn, American football player and coach (d. 2017)
1974 – Maurice Greene, American sprinter
1974 – Rik Verbrugghe, Belgian cyclist
1975 – Dan Rogerson, English politician
1976 – Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player
1977 – Scott Clemmensen, American ice hockey player and coach
1977 – Gail Emms, English badminton player
1977 – Néicer Reasco, Ecuadorian footballer
1977 – Shawn Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
1978 – Stuart Elliott, Northern Irish footballer
1978 – Stefanie Sun, Singaporean singer-songwriter and pianist
1978 – Lauren Groff, American novelist and short story writer
1979 – Perro Aguayo Jr., Mexican wrestler and promoter (d. 2015)
1979 – Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Greek footballer
1979 – Richard Sims, Zimbabwean cricketer
1979 – Ricardo Sperafico, Brazilian race car driver
1979 – Cathleen Tschirch, German sprinter
1980 – Sandeep Parikh, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1980 – Michelle Williams, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
1981 – Steve Jocz, Canadian singer-songwriter, drummer, and director
1981 – Dmitriy Karpov, Kazakhstani decathlete
1981 – Aleksandr Kulik, Estonian footballer
1981 – Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player
1982 – Ömer Aysan Barış, Turkish footballer
1982 – Joe Mather, American baseball player
1982 – Gökhan Ünal, Turkish footballer
1982 – Gerald Wallace, American basketball player
1982 – Paul Wesley, American actor, director, and producer
1983 – Bec Hewitt, Australian actress
1983 – Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer
1983 – David Strettle, English rugby player
1984 – Walter Gargano, Uruguayan footballer
1984 – Matthew Murphy, English singer and guitarist
1984 – Brandon Roy, American basketball player
1984 – Celeste Thorson, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
1985 – Luis Ángel Landín, Mexican footballer
1986 – Aya Uchida, Japanese voice actress and singer
1986 – Nelson Philippe, French race car driver
1986 – Yelena Sokolova, Russian long jumper
1987 – Alessio Cerci, Italian footballer
1987 – Felipe Dylon, Brazilian singer
1987 – Serdar Kurtuluş, Turkish footballer
1989 – Daniel Radcliffe, English actor
1989 – Donald Young, American tennis player
1990 – Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater
1991 – Lauren Mitchell, Australian gymnast
1991 – Jarrod Wallace, Australian rugby league footballer
1992 – Danny Ings, English footballer
1996 – Alexandra Andresen, Norwegian heiress and equestrian

Deaths

955 – He Ning, Chinese chancellor (b. 898)
997 – Nuh II, Samanid emir (b. 963)
1100 – Warner of Grez, French nobleman, relative of Godfrey of Bouillon
1227 – Qiu Chuji, Chinese religious leader, founded the Dragon Gate Taoism (b. 1148)
1298 – Thoros III, Armenian king (b. c. 1271)
1373 – Bridget of Sweden, Swedish mystic and saint, founded the Bridgettine Order (b. 1303)
1403 – Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (b. 1343)
1531 – Louis de Brézé, French husband of Diane de Poitiers
1536 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1519)
1562 – Götz von Berlichingen, German knight and poet (b. 1480)
1584 – John Day, English printer (b. 1522)
1596 – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (b. 1526)
1645 – Michael I, Russian tsar (b. 1596)
1692 – Gilles Ménage, French lawyer, philologist, and scholar (b. 1613)
1727 – Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, English politician, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1661)
1757 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian harpsichord player and composer (b. 1685)
1773 – George Edwards, English biologist and ornithologist (b. 1693)
1781 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American pastor and politician (b. 1724)
1793 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician (b. 1721)
1833 – Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean politician, Chilean Minister of Finance (b. 1777)
1853 – Andries Pretorius, South African general (b. 1798)
1875 – Isaac Singer, American businessman, founded the Singer Corporation (b. 1811)
1878 – Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician, pathologist, and politician (b. 1804)
1885 – Ulysses S. Grant, American general and politician, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
1904 – John Douglas, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Queensland (b. 1828)
1909 – Frederick Holder, Australian politician, 19th Premier of South Australia (b. 1850)
1916 – William Ramsay, Scottish-English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
1919 – Spyridon Lambros, Greek historian and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1851)
1920 – Conrad Kohrs, German-American rancher and politician (b. 1835)
1924 – Frank Frost Abbott, American author and scholar (b. 1850)
1926 – Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
1927 – Reginald Dyer, British brigadier general (b. 1864)
1930 – Glenn Curtiss, American pilot and engineer (b. 1878)
1932 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (b. 1884)
1936 – Anna Abrikosova, Russian linguist (b. 1882)
1941 – George Lyman Kittredge, American scholar and educator (b. 1860)
1941 – José Quiñones Gonzales, Peruvian soldier and pilot (b. 1914)
1942 – Adam Czerniaków, Polish engineer and politician (b. 1880)
1942 – Andy Ducat, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1886)
1948 – D. W. Griffith, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1875)
1950 – Shigenori Tōgō, Japanese politician and diplomat, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1882)
1951 – Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (b. 1884)
1951 – Philippe Pétain, French general and politician, 119th Prime Minister of France (b. 1856)
1954 – Herman Groman, American runner (b. 1882)
1955 – Cordell Hull, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)
1957 – Bob Shiring, American football player and coach (b. 1870)
1966 – Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920)
1968 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)
1971 – Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910)
1972 – Esther Applin, American geologist and paleontologist (b. 1895)
1973 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American pilot and race car driver, founded Rickenbacker Motors (b. 1890)
1979 – Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (b. 1898)
1980 – Sarto Fournier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 38th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1908)
1980 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player and songwriter (b. 1948)
1980 – Mollie Steimer, Russian activist (b. 1897)
1982 – Vic Morrow, American actor (b. 1929)
1983 – Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)
1985 – Johnny Wardle, English cricketer and manager (b. 1923)
1989 – Donald Barthelme, American short story writer and novelist (b. 1931)
1990 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese engineer (b. 1899)
1996 – Jean Muir, American actress (b. 1911)
1997 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese jumper and journalist (b. 1904)
1999 – Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929)
2001 – Eudora Welty, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1909)
2002 – Leo McKern, Australian-English actor (b. 1920)
2002 – William Luther Pierce, American activist and author (b. 1933)
2002 – Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (b. 1929)
2002 – Clark Gesner, American author and composer (b. 1938)
2003 – James E. Davis, American police officer and politician (b. 1962)
2004 – Mehmood Ali, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1932)
2004 – Carlos Paredes, Portuguese guitarist and composer (b. 1925)
2004 – Piero Piccioni, Italian pianist, conductor, and composer (b. 1921)
2005 – Ted Greene, American guitarist and journalist (b. 1946)
2006 – Jean-Paul Desbiens, Canadian journalist and academic (b. 1927)
2007 – Ron Miller, American songwriter and producer (b. 1933)
2007 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, Afghan king (b. 1914)
2008 – Kurt Furgler, Swiss lawyer and politician, 70th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1924)
2009 – E. Lynn Harris, American author and screenwriter (b. 1955)
2010 – Daniel Schorr, American journalist and author (b. 1916)
2011 – Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (b. 1983)
2012 – Margaret Mahy, New Zealand author (b. 1936)
2012 – Sally Ride, American physicist and astronaut (b. 1951)
2012 – Lakshmi Sahgal, Indian soldier and politician (b. 1914)
2012 – Esther Tusquets, Spanish publisher and author (b. 1936)
2012 – José Luis Uribarri, Spanish television host and director (b. 1936)
2013 – Dominguinhos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and accordion player (b. 1941)
2013 – Pauline Clarke, English author (b. 1921)
2013 – Arthur J. Collingsworth, American diplomat (b. 1944)
2013 – Emile Griffith, American boxer and trainer (b. 1938)
2013 – Kim Jong-hak, South Korean director and producer (b. 1951)
2013 – Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (b. 1929)
2014 – Dora Bryan, English actress and restaurateur (b. 1923)
2014 – Norman Leyden, American composer and conductor (b. 1917)
2014 – Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian author and playwright (b. 1927)
2014 – Jordan Tabor, English footballer (b. 1990)
2015 – Shigeko Kubota, Japanese-American sculptor and director (b. 1937)
2015 – Don Oberdorfer, American journalist, author, and academic (b. 1931)
2015 – William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (b. 1926)
2017 – John Kundla, American basketball coach (b. 1916)

On this day - 23 July

1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.

On this day - 23 July

1962 - Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=4252

Video here...

https://youtu.be/4vakpDjQcr0

On this day - 24 July

Events

1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle: King Edward I of England takes the stronghold using the War Wolf.
1411 – Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
1412 – Behnam Hadloyo becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin.
1487 – Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands, strike against a ban on foreign beer.
1534 – French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France.
1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
1701 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit.
1783 – The Kingdom of Georgia and the Russian Empire sign the Treaty of Georgievsk.
1814 – War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward the Niagara River to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
1823 – Afro-Chileans are emancipated.
1823 – In Maracaibo, Venezuela, the naval Battle of Lake Maracaibo takes place, where Admiral José Prudencio Padilla defeats the Spanish Navy, thus culminating the independence for the Gran Colombia.
1847 – After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
1847 – Richard March Hoe, American inventor, patented the rotary-type printing press.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown: Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep them out of the Shenandoah Valley.
1866 – Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
1901 – O. Henry is released from prison in Columbus, Ohio, after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
1910 – The Ottoman Empire captures the city of Shkodër, putting down the Albanian Revolt of 1910.
1911 – Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu, "the Lost City of the Incas".
1915 – The passenger ship SS Eastland capsizes while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. A total of 844 passengers and crew are killed in the largest loss of life disaster from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.
1922 – The draft of the British Mandate of Palestine was formally confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations; it came into effect on 26 September 1923.
1923 – The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.
1924 – Themistoklis Sofoulis becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
1927 – The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
1929 – The Kellogg–Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928, by most leading world powers).
1935 – The Dust Bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109 °F (43 °C) in Chicago and 104 °F (40 °C) in Milwaukee.
1937 – Alabama drops rape charges against the "Scottsboro Boys".
1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, and American planes bomb the city by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
1950 – Cape Canaveral Air Force Station begins operations with the launch of a Bumper rocket.
1959 – At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev have a "Kitchen Debate".
1963 – The ship Bluenose II was launched in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. The schooner is a major Canadian symbol.
1966 – Michael Pelkey makes the first BASE jump from El Capitan along with Brian Schubert. Both came out with broken bones. BASE jumping has now been banned from El Cap.
1967 – During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! ("Long live free Quebec!"); the statement angered the Canadian government and many Anglophone Canadians.
1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
1974 – Watergate scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
1977 – End of a four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War.
1980 – The Quietly Confident Quartet of Australia wins the men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay at the Moscow Olympics, the only time the United States has not won the event at Olympic level.
1982 – Heavy rain causes a mudslide that destroys a bridge at Nagasaki, Japan, killing 299.
1983 – The Black July anti-Tamil riots begin in Sri Lanka, killing between 400 and 3,000. Black July is generally regarded as the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War.
1983 – George Brett batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
1987 – US supertanker SS Bridgeton collides with mines laid by IRGC causing a 43-square-meter dent in the body of the oil tanker.
1987 – Hulda Crooks, at 91 years of age, climbed Mt. Fuji. Crooks became the oldest person to climb Japan's highest peak.
1998 – Russell Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
2001 – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
2001 – The Bandaranaike Airport attack is carried out by 14 Tamil Tiger commandos. Eleven civilian and military aircraft are destroyed and 15 are damaged. All 14 commandos are shot dead, while seven soldiers from the Sri Lanka Air Force are killed. In addition, three civilians and an engineer die. This incident slowed the Sri Lankan economy.
2013 – A high-speed train derails in Spain rounding a curve with an 80 km/h (50 mph) speed limit at 190 km/h (120 mph), killing 78 passengers.
2014 – Air Algérie Flight 5017 loses contact with air traffic controllers 50 minutes after takeoff. It was travelling between Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Algiers. The wreckage is later found in Mali. All 116 people onboard are killed.

Births

1242 – Christina von Stommeln, German Roman Catholic mystic, ecstatic, and stigmatic (d. 1312)
1468 – Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1524)
1529 – Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (d. 1577)
1561 – Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern (d. 1589)
1574 – Thomas Platter the Younger, Swiss physician and author (d. 1628)
1660 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1718)
1689 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne of Great Britain and Prince George of Denmark (d. 1700)
1725 – John Newton, English sailor and priest (d. 1807)
1757 – Vladimir Borovikovsky, Ukrainian-Russian painter (d. 1825)
1783 – Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan commander and politician, 2nd President of Venezuela (d. 1830)
1786 – Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (d. 1843)
1794 – Johan Georg Forchhammer, Danish mineralogist and geologist (d. 1865)
1802 – Alexandre Dumas, French novelist and playwright (d. 1870)
1803 – Adolphe Adam, French composer and critic (d. 1856)
1803 – Alexander J. Davis, American architect (d. 1892)
1821 – William Poole, American boxer and gangster (d. 1855)
1826 – Jan Gotlib Bloch, Polish theorist and activist (d. 1902)
1851 – Friedrich Schottky, Polish-German mathematician and theorist (d. 1935)
1856 – Émile Picard, French mathematician and academic (d. 1941)
1857 – Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1943)
1857 – Juan Vicente Gómez, Venezuelan general and politician, 27th President of Venezuela (d. 1935)
1860 – Princess Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1919)
1860 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and illustrator (d. 1939)
1864 – Frank Wedekind, German actor and playwright (d. 1918)
1867 – Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran journalist and poet (d. 1908)
1867 – E. F. Benson, English archaeologist and author (d. 1940)
1867 – Fred Tate, English cricketer and coach (d. 1943)
1874 – Oswald Chambers, Scottish minister and author (d. 1917)
1877 – Calogero Vizzini, Italian mob boss (d. 1954)
1878 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, Irish author, poet, and playwright (d. 1957)
1880 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss-American composer and educator (d. 1959)
1884 – Maria Caserini, Italian actress (d. 1969)
1886 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese author (d. 1965)
1888 – Arthur Richardson, Australian cricketer and coach (d. 1973)
1889 – Agnes Meyer Driscoll, American cryptanalyst (d. 1971)
1895 – Robert Graves, English poet, novelist, critic (d. 1985)
1897 – Amelia Earhart, American pilot and author (d. 1937)
1899 – Chief Dan George, Canadian actor (d. 1981)
1900 – Zelda Fitzgerald, American author and poet (d. 1948)
1904 – Leo Arnaud, French-American trombonist, composer, and conductor (d. 1991)
1904 – Richard B. Morris, American historian and academic (d. 1989)
1904 – Delmer Daves, American screenwriter, director and producer (d. 1977)
1909 – John William Finn, American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2010)
1910 – Harry Horner, American director and production designer (d. 1994)
1912 – Essie Summers, New Zealand author (d. 1998)
1913 – Britton Chance, American biologist and sailor (d. 2010)
1914 – Frances Oldham Kelsey, Canadian pharmacologist and physician (d. 2015)
1914 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2007)
1914 – Alan Waddell, Australian walker (d. 2008)
1915 – Enrique Fernando, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (d. 2004)
1916 – John D. MacDonald, American colonel and author (d. 1986)
1917 – Robert Farnon, Canadian trumpet player, composer, and conductor (d. 2005)
1917 – Jack Moroney, Australian cricketer (d. 1999)
1918 – Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist and educator (d. 2012)
1919 – Robert Marsden Hope, Australian lawyer and judge (d. 1999)
1919 – Kenneth S. Kleinknecht, NASA manager (d. 2007)
1919 – John Winkin, American baseball player, coach, and journalist (d. 2014)
1920 – Bella Abzug, American lawyer and politician (d. 1998)
1920 – Constance Dowling, American model and actress (d. 1969)
1921 – Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2008)
1921 – Billy Taylor, American pianist and composer (d. 2010)
1922 – Madeleine Ferron, Canadian radio host and author (d. 2010)
1924 – Wilfred Josephs, English composer (d. 1997)
1924 – Aris Poulianos, Greek anthropologist and archaeologist
1927 – Alex Katz, American painter and sculptor
1927 – Zara Mints, Russian-Estonian philologist and academic (d. 1990)
1930 – Alfred Balk, American journalist and author (d. 2010)
1930 – Keshubhai Patel, Indian politician, 10th Chief Minister of Gujarat
1931 – Ermanno Olmi, Italian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer (d. 2018)
1931 – Éric Tabarly, French commander (d. 1998)
1932 – Gustav Andreas Tammann, German astronomer and academic (d. 2019)
1933 – Doug Sanders, American golfer (d. 2020)
1934 – P. S. Soosaithasan, Sri Lankan accountant and politician (d. 2017)
1935 – Aaron Elkins, American author and academic
1935 – Pat Oliphant, Australian cartoonist
1935 – Mel Ramos, American painter, illustrator, and academic (d. 2018)
1935 – Les Reed, English pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2019)
1935 – Derek Varnals, South African cricketer
1936 – Ruth Buzzi, American actress and comedian
1936 – Mark Goddard, American actor
1937 – Manoj Kumar, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1937 – Quinlan Terry, English architect, designed the Brentwood Cathedral
1938 – Alexis Jacquemin, Belgian economist and academic (d. 2004)
1938 – Eugene J. Martin, American painter (d. 2005)
1938 – John Sparling, New Zealand cricketer
1939 – Walt Bellamy, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
1939 – David Simon, Baron Simon of Highbury, English businessman and politician
1940 – Dan Hedaya, American actor
1941 – John Bond, English banker and businessman
1942 – Heinz, German-English singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2000)
1942 – David Miner, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1942 – Chris Sarandon, American actor
1944 – Jim Armstrong, Northern Irish guitarist
1945 – Frank Close, English physicist and academic
1945 – Azim Premji, Indian businessman and philanthropist
1945 – Hugh Ross, Canadian-American astrophysicist and astronomer
1945 – Anthony Watts, English geologist, geophysicist, and academic
1946 – Gallagher, American comedian and actor
1946 – Friedhelm Haebermann, German footballer and manager
1946 – Hervé Vilard, French singer-songwriter
1947 – Zaheer Abbas, Pakistani cricketer and manager
1947 – Geoff McQueen, English screenwriter and producer (d. 1994)
1947 – Peter Serkin, American pianist and educator
1949 – Michael Richards, American actor and comedian
1950 – Jadranka Stojaković, Yugoslav singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
1951 – Lynda Carter, American actress
1951 – Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury, English politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
1952 – Ian Cairns, Australian surfer
1952 – Gus Van Sant, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1953 – Julian Brazier, English captain and politician
1953 – Jon Faddis, American trumpet player, composer, and conductor
1953 – Tadashi Kawamata, Japanese contemporary artist
1953 – Claire McCaskill, American lawyer and politician
1953 – James Newcome, English bishop
1954 – Erdoğan Arıca, Turkish footballer and manager (d. 2012)
1954 – Jorge Jesus, Portuguese footballer and manager
1955 – Brad Watson, American author and academic
1956 – Charlie Crist, American lawyer and politician, 44th Governor of Florida
1957 – Pam Tillis, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
1958 – Jim Leighton, Scottish footballer and coach
1960 – Catherine Destivelle, French rock climber and mountaineer
1961 – Kerry Dixon, English footballer and manager
1962 – Johnny O'Connell, American race car driver and sportscaster
1963 – Louis Armary, French rugby player
1963 – Karl Malone, American basketball player and coach
1964 – Barry Bonds, American baseball player
1964 – Pedro Passos Coelho, Portuguese economist and politician, 118th Prime Minister of Portugal
1964 – Urmas Kaljend, Estonian footballer
1964 – John Rosengren, American journalist and author
1965 – Andrew Gaze, Australian basketball player and sportscaster
1965 – Kadeem Hardison, American actor, director, and screenwriter
1965 – Doug Liman, American director and producer
1966 – Mo-Do, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
1966 – Aminatou Haidar, Sahrawi human rights activist
1966 – Martin Keown, English footballer and coach
1968 – Kristin Chenoweth, American actress and singer
1968 – Colleen Doran, American author and illustrator
1968 – Malcolm Ingram, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
1968 – Laura Leighton, American actress
1969 – Rick Fox, Bahamian basketball player
1969 – Jennifer Lopez, American actress, singer, and dancer
1971 – Dino Baggio, Italian footballer
1971 – Patty Jenkins, American film director and screenwriter
1972 – Kaiō Hiroyuki, Japanese sumo wrestler
1973 – Russell Bawden, Australian rugby league player
1973 – Ana Cristina Oliveira, Portuguese model and actress
1973 – Amanda Stretton, English race car driver and journalist
1974 – Andy Gomarsall, English rugby player
1975 – Tracey Crouch, English politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
1975 – Jamie Langenbrunner, American ice hockey player
1975 – Torrie Wilson, American model, fitness competitor, actress and professional wrestler
1975 – Eric Szmanda, American actor
1976 – Rafer Alston, American basketball player
1976 – Tiago Monteiro, Portuguese race car driver and manager
1978 – Andy Irons, American surfer (d. 2010)
1979 – Rose Byrne, Australian actress
1979 – Jerrod Niemann, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1979 – Valerio Scassellati, Italian race car driver
1979 – Anne-Gaëlle Sidot, French tennis player
1979 – Mark Andrew Smith, American author
1979 – Ryan Speier, American baseball player
1980 – Joel Stroetzel, American guitarist
1981 – Doug Bollinger, Australian cricketer
1981 – Summer Glau, American actress
1981 – Mark Robinson, English footballer
1982 – Trevor Matthews, Canadian actor and producer, founded Brookstreet Pictures
1982 – Thiago Medeiros, Brazilian race car driver
1982 – Mewelde Moore, American football player
1982 – Elisabeth Moss, American actress
1982 – Anna Paquin, Canadian-New Zealand actress
1982 – Michael Poppmeier, South African-German rugby player
1983 – Daniele De Rossi, Italian footballer
1983 – Asami Mizukawa, Japanese actress
1984 – Patrick Harvey, Australian actor
1984 – Tyler Kyte, Canadian singer and drummer
1985 – Patrice Bergeron, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 – Aries Merritt, American hurdler
1985 – Lukáš Rosol, Czech tennis player
1985 – Eric Wright, American football player
1986 – Natalie Tran, Australian actress, online producer
1987 – Filipe Francisco dos Santos, Brazilian footballer
1987 – Nathan Gerbe, American ice hockey player
1987 – Zack Sabre Jr., English wrestler
1988 – Han Seung-yeon, South Korean singer and dancer
1988 – Nichkhun, Thai-American singer-songwriter and actor
1988 – Ricky Petterd, Australian footballer
1989 – Maurkice Pouncey, American football player
1989 – Kim Tae-hwan, South Korean footballer
1990 – Daveigh Chase, American actress
1990 – Travis Mahoney, Australian swimmer
1991 – Manuel Fischnaller, Italian footballer
1991 – Emily Bett Rickards, Canadian actress
1992 – Mikaël Kingsbury, Canadian skier
1992 – Mitch Grassi, American singer and songwriter
1994 – Alejandra Álvarez, Ecuadorian tennis player
1994 – Phillip Lindsay, American football player
1995 – Valentine Holmes, Australian rugby league player
1995 – Kyle Kuzma, American basketball player
1995 – Meisei Chikara, Japanese sumo wrestler
1997 – Emre Mor, Turkish football player
2002 – Nicole Pircio, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast

Deaths

759 – Oswulf, king of Northumbria
811 – Gao Ying, Chinese politician (b. 740)
924 - Edward the Elder, king of Wessex (b. c. 874)
946 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, Egyptian ruler (b. 882)
1115 – Matilda of Tuscany (b. 1046)
1129 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (b. 1053)
1198 – Berthold of Hanover, Bishop of Livonia
1345 – Jacob van Artevelde, Flemish statesman (b. 1290)
1568 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias (b. 1545)
1594 – John Boste, English martyr and saint (b. 1544)
1601 – Joris Hoefnagel, Flemish painter (b. 1542)
1612 – John Salusbury, Welsh politician and poet (b. 1567)
1739 – Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer and educator (b. 1686)
1768 – Nathaniel Lardner, English theologian and author (b. 1684)
1862 – Martin Van Buren, American lawyer and politician, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782)
1891 – Hermann Raster, German-American journalist and politician (b. 1827)
1908 – Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran journalist and poet (b. 1867)
1910 – Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ukrainian-Russian painter (b. 1841)
1927 – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author (b. 1892)
1957 – Sacha Guitry, French actor and director (b. 1885)
1962 – Wilfrid Noyce, English mountaineer and author (b. 1917)
1965 – Constance Bennett, American actress and producer (b. 1904)
1966 – Tony Lema, American golfer (b. 1934)
1969 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish author and playwright (b. 1904)
1970 – Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman, philanthropist, and civil servant (b. 1897)
1974 – James Chadwick, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
1980 – Peter Sellers, English actor and comedian (b. 1925)
1985 – Ezechiele Ramin, Italian missionary and martyr (b. 1953)
1986 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, German-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
1986 – Qudrat Ullah Shahab, Pakistani civil servant and author (b. 1917)
1991 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
1992 – Arletty, French actress and singer (b. 1898)
1992 – Sam Berger, Canadian lawyer and businessman (b. 1900)
1994 – Helen Cordero, Cochiti Pueblo (Native American) Pueblo potter (b. 1915)
1995 – George Rodger, English photographer and journalist (b. 1908)
1996 – Alphonso Theodore Roberts, Vincentian cricketer and activist (b. 1937)
1997 – William J. Brennan Jr., American colonel and jurist (b. 1906)
1997 – Saw Maung, Burmese general and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Burma (b. 1928)
2000 – Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian poet and journalist (b. 1925)
2001 – Georges Dor, Canadian author, playwright, and composer (b. 1931)
2005 – Richard Doll, English physiologist and epidemiologist (b. 1912)
2007 – Albert Ellis, American psychologist and author (b. 1913)
2007 – Nicola Zaccaria, Greek opera singer (b. 1923)
2008 – Norman Dello Joio, American pianist and composer (b. 1913)
2011 – Frank Dietrich, German politician (b. 1966)
2011 – Dan Peek, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1950)
2011 – Harald Johnsen, Norwegian bassist and composer (b. 1970)
2011 – David Servan-Schreiber, French physician, neuroscientist, and author (b. 1961)
2011 – Skip Thomas, American football player (b. 1950)
2012 – Chad Everett, American actor and director (b. 1937)
2012 – Sherman Hemsley, American actor and singer (b. 1938)
2012 – Larry Hoppen, American singer and guitarist (b. 1951)
2012 – Robert Ledley, American physiologist and physicist, invented the CT scanner (b. 1926)
2012 – Themo Lobos, Chilean author and illustrator (b. 1928)
2012 – John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, a President of Ghana (b. 1944)
2012 – Gregorio Peces-Barba, Spanish jurist and politician (b. 1938)
2013 – Garry Davis, American pilot and activist, created the World Passport (b. 1921)
2013 – Fred Dretske, American philosopher and academic (b. 1932)
2013 – Virginia E. Johnson, American psychologist and sexologist (b. 1925)
2013 – Pius Langa, South African lawyer and jurist, 19th Chief Justice of South Africa (b. 1939)
2014 – Ik-Hwan Bae, Korean-American violinist and educator (b. 1956)
2014 – Dale Schlueter, American basketball player (b. 1945)
2014 – Hans-Hermann Sprado, German journalist and author (b. 1956)
2015 – Peg Lynch, American actress and screenwriter (b. 1916)
2015 – Ingrid Sischy, South African-American journalist and critic (b. 1952)
2016 – Marni Nixon, American actress and singer (b. 1930)
2017 – Harshida Raval, Indian Gujarati playback singer

On this day - 24 July

1996 – Alphonso Theodore Roberts, Vincentian cricketer and activist (b. 1937)