Write down the sentence in your notebook. Correct all errors. Be ready to present.

 

Analogies 9, #43
Damaged: Devastated
A) unusual : weird B) unkind : hurtful 
C) incredible : mundane D) prevalent : common
Algebra: Mathematics
A) rain : precipitation B) bronze : metal 
C) tradition : culture D) trade : economy
Uninhibited: Restraint
A) overweight : shape B) unhealthy : control 
C) intelligent : thought D) generous : selfishness
Offer: Request
A) damage : repair B) enjoy : entertain 
C) experience : participate D) endure : continue

 

Warm Up 45

CRUEL : UNKIND 
A) graceful : flexible 
B) vicious : aggressive 
C) frightening : spooky 
D) evil : insane

SQUARE : QUADRILATERAL 
A) rifle : weapon 
B) instrument : violin 
C) pattern : plaid 
D) airplane : spacecraft

CLUMSY : GRACE 
A) doubtful : faith 
B) determined : work 
C) rich : charity 
D) beautiful : love

#46

PERMANENT : TEMPORARY 
A) ordinary : plain B) imaginary : fake 
C) astonishing : surprising D) skeptical : trusting

ATTORNEY : LAWYER 
A) worker : secretary B) flower : daffodil 
C) dog : canine D) doctor : dentist

RAIN : PRECIPITATION 
A) salmon : seafood B) snow : tundra 
C) jungle : desert D) pet : hamster

 

 

Warm Up 47
CORRUPT : MORALS 
A) talented : skill B) rude : intelligence C) fortunate : money D) ruthless : mercy
Someone who is corrupt lacks morals. Someone who is a lacks .

DEMOCRACY : GOVERNMENT 
A) master : slave B) storm : blizzard C) sonnet : poem D) tribe : family
A democracy is a type of government. A is a type of .

COWARDLY : BRAVE 
A) numerous : many B) foolish : wise C) awful : dreadful D) anxious : nervous
Cowardly is the opposite of brave. is the opposite of .

 

Warm Up 48

KNIGHT : CHIVALROUS 
A) flower : fragrant B) daughter : rebellious C) conversation : short D) disease : curable
A characteristic of a knight is to be chivalrous. A characteristic of a is to be .

BUCKLE : BELT 
A) suit : tie B) shovel : pit C) summer : season D) month : year
A buckle is part of a belt. A is part of a .

BLIZZARD : STORM 
A) novelist : writer B) boat : submarine C) radio : television D) organization : party
A blizzard is a type of storm. A is a type of .

 

Warm Up 49
CARNIVORE : MEAT 
A) vegetarian : wheat B) herbivore : plants C) omnivore : food D) vegan : pastries
A carnivore eats only meat. _

HONEST : SINCERE 
A) solitary : alone B) peaceful : nervous C) vengeful : forgiving D) religious : doubtfu
By definition, someone who is honest is also sincere. _.

ACADEMY : EDUCATE 
A) court : blame B) trailer : roam C) jail : imprison D) café : ingest

RECTANGLE : SHAPE 
A) dealer : employer B) deer : antelope C) telephone : call D) assault : crime

 

Warm Up 50
SENATE : CONGRESS A) cinema : theater B) lobby : hotel C) judge : chamber D) government : democracy
The Senate is part of Congress. A is part of a .

SUCCESS : FAILURE A) grief : sadness B) debt : loss C) virtue : evil D) life : birth
Success is the opposite of failure. is the opposite of .

HEINOUS : EVIL A) tremendous : large B) old : antique C) distressed : flawed D) possible : probable
Something that is heinous is very evil. Something that is is very

 

 

Warm Up 51

SCRIBE : WRITE A) mother : reign B) tribute : offend C) translator : read D) watchman : guard
The function of a scribe is to write. The function of a is to sell .

GLASS : DELICATE A) air : bearable B) stone : gray C) cola : bubbly D) peace : eternal
A characteristic of glass is to be delicate. A characteristic of a is to be 

CAT : FELINE A) book : novel B) blunder : mistake C) theatre : play D) automobile : tank
By definition, a cat is a feline. _.

Warm Up 52

HOBBY : PASTIME A) emperor : leader B) producer : product C) skill : sport D) player : athlete
A hobby is a type of pastime. _.
AMBITIOUS : LAZY A) embarrassed : timid B) talkative : loud C) friendly : gregarious D) insecure : confident

How many periods in an ellipsis? When will there be four?

What type of punctuation would you use for to and through?

Warm Up 53

CAREFREE : WORRIES 
A) hesitant : doubt B) ignorant : knowledge 
C) pleasing : happiness D) lovely : affection
MASTER : DOMINANT
A) nation : powerful B) activist : naive 
C) worker : impoverished D) ghost : ethereal

True or False? An ellipsis is used correctly when no pertinent information is omitted?

Where should the dash go?

Please arrive between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. don’t be late!

Please call my supervisor Darrell M. on Friday at 8:30 a.m.

Warm Up #54
1) ATHLETE : FIT A) chef : fat B) dog : energetic C) priest : religious D) dancer : intelligent
A characteristic of an athlete is to be fit. A characteristic of a is to be _

2) MICROWAVE : HEAT A) refrigerator : cool B) freezer : cook C) sink : organize D) fireplace : destroy
The function of a microwave is to heat food. The function of a is to food.

3) COMEDY : FUNNY A) mystery : boring B) drama : romantic C) tragedy : sad D) newspaper : expensive
A characteristic of a comedy is to be funny. A characteristic of a is to be __.

 

 

 

Warm Up #55
BROTHER : SIBLING
A) mother : daughter B) doctor : nurse 
C) uncle : aunt D) father : parent
A brother is, by definition, a sibling. 

HUMILIATED : EMBARRASSED 
A) shy : timid B) enraged : angry 
C) sad : upset D) excited : anxious
Someone who is humiliated is very embarrassed. 

TRAIN : RAILROAD 
A) boat : mountain B) helicopter : cloud 
C) truck : highway D) wagon : wheel
A train travels on a railroad. 

Warm UP #56

Identify the Allusion:

1. Your backyard is a Garden of Eden.

2. When you feel betrayed by a friend, you can say, "You too, Brutus?"

3. You're a regular Einstein.

OPTIMISM : PESIMISSM

A) success : failure B) food : hunger

C) motivation : dedication D) maturity : youth

Optimism is the opposite of pessimism.

Warm Up 57

SUNSCREEN : SKIN

A) magic : children B) grass : house

C) armor : body D) faith : country

 

The Titanic wreckage was surveyed by Alvin, which is the oldest and most well-known deep-sea research vehicle.

Is this an appropriate use of an ellipsis? (no)

"The Titanic wreckage . . . is the oldest and most well-known deep-sea research vehicle." 

Identify the Allusion:

1. When your parents learn about your new plan to raise money, it's going to sink like the Titanic. 

2. Don't be a Scrooge

3. Potato chips are my diet's Achilles heel.

4. Many states have laws that protect Good Samaritan's. 

Warm Up 58
LIAR : HONESTY 
A) lawyer : mercy B) mother : children 
C) fool : wisdom D) soldier : power
Someone who is a liar lacks honesty. Someone who is a lacks 

DOWNPOUR : RAIN 
A) wave : water B) tornado : clouds 
C) blizzard : snow D) desert : heat
 

 

Where would you insert dashes in this sentence:

Stargazing and comet tracking two of the oldest pastimes are not just for astronomers.

Stargazing--- and comet--- tracking two of the oldest pastimes are not just for astronomers.

Stargazing and comet tracking---two of the oldest pastimes--- are not just for astronomers.

 

 

Warm Up 59

Personification, Onomatopoeia, Simile, or Metaphor?

• Rita heard the last piece of pie calling her name.
• The turtle is as slow as molasses. 
• The dishes fell with a bang and crash!
• Life is like a box of chocolates.

 

Warm Up 61
NEWSPAPER : INFORM
A) television : watch B) book : communicate 
C) movie : persuade D) game : entertain

Personification, Onomatopoeia, Simile, or Metaphor?

1. He is a shining star.

2. Beep beep, who got the keys to the Jeep? Vroom! (90’s rapper Missy Elliott)

3. Your explanation is as clear as mud.

4. Money is the only friend that I can count on.

Warm up 62

 

Identify the Irony (Socratic, Situational, Dramatic, Verbal)

1. A high school dropout becoming a medical doctor is an example of _______________________

2. Seeing that drinks cost $11 each at the circus, Richard said,  “Oh, that’s it? Just eleven dollars? What a great deal for one cup of lemonade. That’s totally worth it.” The drink vendor rolled his eyes and helped the next customer.

 

Almost every major city in the world has a zoo. Humans have kept and enjoyed animals since prehistoric times. Ancient Greeks and Romans kept small zoos. Over the past fifty years, zoos have changed remarkably. Today zoos provide the animals with larger and more natural habitats.

Which sentence could be added to the passage as a specific supporting detail?

Zoos also provide great research facilities. ***

The Panda's food is the bamboo shoot.

You can reach the zoo in Sydney, Australia by ferry.

The Greeks and Romans had a variety of interesting hobbies.

 

 

Warm Up 63
POSITIVE : NEGATIVE 
A) clean : filthy B) angry : upset 
C) friendly : popular D) challenging : interesting

CIGARETTE : UNHEALTHY 
A) sin : immoral B) baby : wise
C) husband : rich D) nation : peaceful

HELMET : HEAD 
A) mask : face B) belt : train 
C) ring : wrist D) slipper : ankle
A helmet is worn on the head. A _ is .

 

Warm Up 64
SEWING : CRAFT 
A) salt : food B) fate : science 
C) gasoline : fuel D) sunrise : art
Sewing is a type of craft.

ACCIDENT : UNINTENDED 
A) idea : true B) law : perfect 
C) villain : evil D) castle : unknown

Warm Up 65
TRIVIAL : IMPORTANCE 
A) prestigious : honor B) written : rhyme 
C) invisible : sight D) familiar : novelty

EXPERT : SKILLED 
A) athlete : thin B) student : intelligent 
C) spy : friendly D) fanatic : enthusiastic

Positive, Negative, Neutral: 

Nosy, Interested, Questioning

Confident, Courageous, Conceited

Different, Unique, Peculiar

 

Main Idea Warm Up

 

When Heidi Transformed Televised Football

On November 17, 1968, football fans across the United States sat glued to their televisions. A close game between two top teams—the New York Jets and the Oakland Raiders—was being broadcast. When the Jets pulled ahead with only fifty seconds remaining, viewers went wild. But then, just as the Raiders were bringing the ball across midfield, the game disappeared from the screen! In its place, a previously scheduled children's movie, Heidi, started playing. Callers flooded the TV network's phone lines, but it was too late. The Raiders scored two touchdowns in the very final moments—touchdowns that were unseen by all but West Coast viewers. As a result of the interrupted event, dubbed "the Heidi game," television networks began delaying their regularly scheduled programs until football games had ended.

 

What is the main idea of this passage?

After Heidi interrupted a crucial moment during a televised football game, the TV network received numerous calls from angry viewers who were unable to watch the final moments of the game. 

After Heidi interrupted a crucial moment during a televised football game, networks began to delay regularly scheduled shows until football games were over.

 

Q2 Exam Review Warm up

Find the main idea and supporting details in this paragraph (IXL K.3)

Yesterday, I got a new coat. My new coat has a blue hood and red sleeves. My coat is very fuzzy, so I stay very warm. The zipper of my coat is green. On the back, there is a picture of a snowman. I will wear my coat to school.

Q2 Exam Review Warm Up

Read the claim below.

Exercising outside is preferable to exercising in a gym.

Select the piece of evidence that best supports this claim.

People often exercise outside by walking, jogging, or riding a bike. OR People who exercise outside breathe fresh air and enjoy natural light.

Smartphones have made it harder for people to think clearly.

Since smartphones became popular, the average person's attention span has fallen from 12 seconds to 8 seconds OR Smartphones have enabled people to access any info they want to know, at any time, almost anywhere in the world. 

Q2 Exam Review Warm Up #3

Read the claim below.

Boxing should be banned as a professional sport.

Select the piece of evidence that best supports this claim.

boxing promotes discipline, promotes self esteem and encourages physical fitness OR Boxing glamorizes aggression and physical violence against other people. 

Read the claim below.

Americans are obsessed with good health.

Select the piece of evidence that best supports this claim.

In 2010, Americans spent a combined $28 billion on vitamins and other health supplements OR Less than a quarter of Americans who own a gym membership actually use the gym on a regular basis. 

Q2 Exam Review Warm up #4

 

Read the claim below. Select the piece of evidence that best supports this claim.

Parents should not post pictures and videos of their children online.

1. In a recent poll, 90% of young adults surveyed said they use social media every day. 

2. Like anyone else, a child has a fundamental right to privacy and security.

Determine the type of Irony

A character stepping out into a hurricane and saying, “What nice weather we’re having!”

Active or Passive Voice?

Skyler Mack broke quarantine in the Cayman Islands.

Which Mood?

Quarantine for 14 days when you arrive in the Cayman Islands.

 

 

Warm Up #66
Subject-Verb Agreement
Find the subject and verb in the following sentences.
1. Karen went to the mall.
2. Carl didn't help his dad.
3. Mom cooks breakfast every morning.
4. I want a new bike for Christmas.
5. Ann has had a new baby girl.

Warm Up 67
Parts of the Sentence - Subject/Verb
Sometimes a sentence can have two or more verbs called a compound verb. A compound verb is joined by either a co-ordinate conjunction or a correlative conjunction. Example: The bell rang and rang.
Find the subject, verb/verbs, and conjunctions in these sentences.
1. Carl listened carefully but heard nothing.
2. The car raced down the road and hit a tree.
3. The audience stood and cheered the performance.
4. The men caught, cooked, and ate the fish.
5. Sue either has done the job or will do it now.

Warm Up 68
Parts of the Sentence - Subject/Verb
The subject of the sentence can also be compound. Example: The bell and siren rang.
Find the subject, verb, and conjunctions in these sentences.
1. Barbara, Ann, and Jeanne came home for the holidays.
2. Either Jim or Jeff will move to the new apartment.
3. Both Pam and her husband love the new baby.
4. You, Joe, and I are in the new play.
5. Mom or Dad will be gone by morning.

Warm Up 69
Parts of the Sentence - Subject/Verb
Both the subject and the verb can be compound. Example: The bell and the siren rang and rang.
Find the subject, verb and conjunctions in these sentences.
1. The boys and the girls ran and played in the field.
2. She and I stopped and stared at the sight.
3. Both the team and the coach jumped up and yelled with the last out.
4. Jeff, Jed, and Jim will be in school or will be home in bed.
5. Where have Jay and Eric been swimming and hiking?

 

 

 

Root word warm up #1

Identify the root word/meaning:

• Act : move or do (actor, acting, reenact)
• Astro: star (astronaut, astronomy, astrophysics)
• Aud: hear (audience, audible, audio)
• Auto: self (autonomy, autocrat, automatic)
• Phobia: fear (arachnophobia, claustrophobia, hygrophobia)

 

Root word warm up #2

Identify the root word/meaning:

• The word jurisdiction contains the root jur. What does the root jur mean?

• The word millimeter contains the root mille. What does the root mille mean?

• The words benefactor and beneficial contain the root bene. What does the root bene mean? 

• The words corpse and corporal contain the root corp. What does the root corp mean? 

• The words credential and credible contain the root cred. What does the root cred mean?  

 

Root word warm up #3

Identify the root word/meaning:

• Identify the root word/meaning:

• The words kilometer, millimeter, pedometer contain the root meter. What does the root METER mean?

• The words microbiology, microscope contain the root micro. What does the root MICRO mean? small

• The words abnormal, normality, paranormal contain the norm meter. What does the NORM meter mean? typical

• The words senator, senile, senior contain the root sen. What does the root SEN mean? old

• The words telephone, telegraph, television contain the root tele. What does the root TELE mean? far

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm up #1

The word semicircle contains the root semi. What does the root semi mean?

1. One-half            c. many

2. Bend/curve        d. four

The word decagon contains the root dec. What does the root dec mean?

1. Ten                     c. one hundred

2. Bend/curve        d. shape

Now, take the prefix and add it to the correct suffix

Prefixes                           Suffixes           Word:

Un                                 possible

Hope                               ness

Im                                able

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm Up #2

Prefixes           Suffixes           Word:

Mad                   happy

Dis                     ness

Slow                   ful

Un                      er

Do                      like

 

The root bene means good. What does the word benevolent mean?

1. hostile and violent

2. social and interactive

3. charitable or generous

The root min means small. What does the word diminish mean?

1. to surrender or relinquish

2. to reduce in importance or size

3. to copy or recreate

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm Up #3

The root puls means drive or push. What does the word repulsive mean?

1. causing others to move or stay away

2. cooperating on a group activity

3. expecting a reward for good or generous behavior

 

The root pens means weigh out or distribute. What does the word compensation mean?

1. money or reward given for a service or a loss

2. time spent volunteering for a good cause

3. harm or injury due to sloppiness or shortsidedness

 

The root cred means trust or believe. What does the word incredulous mean?

1. unwilling to accept something as true
2. unwilling to do harm to others
3. unwilling to give something away

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm Up #4

Read the passage. Identify the root in each underlined word. 

Our car was proceeding along the highway when we heard the forecaset. The weather had been mixed all day, and now we knew that the intermittent rains were the precursor to a big storm. The station resumed its programming, but soon the announcer interjected another warning. My brother, who was driving, was a proponent of going home, but my sister Lexy wanted to continue. We needed an intervention, so I used my cellphone to call my mom. 

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm Up #5

My mom told us that the trajectory of the storm had changed and the river might overflow. The prefix tra- means "across," the root ject means "throw," and the suffix -ory means "a place where." What is the meaning of trajectory as used in the sentence?

1.the time when something important begins

2. the type

3. the path something takes as it moves over

4. the size and shape

Lexy could be tenacious, but my mother's news put an end to all discussion. The root ten means "hold" and the suffix -ious means "characterized by." What is the meaning of tenacious as used in the sentences?

a. stubborn   b. talkative    c. cranky    d. bossy

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm Up #6

We subsequently turned the car around  and returned home. The prefix sub- means "under or after" and the root sequ means "follow." What is the meaning of subseqently as used in the sentence?

a. slowly but surely    b. immediately after   c. completely    d. eventually 

After the huge storm, everyone wondered how long it would take the floodwaters to recede. The prefix re- means "back", and the root cede means "go." What is the meaning of recede as used in the sentence? 

a. flow over   b. rise higher   c. remain stable    d. withdraw from 

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm Up #5

My mom told us that the trajectory of the storm had changed and the river might overflow. The prefix tra- means "across," the root ject means "throw," and the suffix -ory means "a place where." What is the meaning of trajectory as used in the sentence?

1.the time when something important begins

2. the type

3. the path something takes as it moves over

4. the size and shape

Lexy could be tenacious, but my mother's news put an end to all discussion. The root ten means "hold" and the suffix -ious means "characterized by." What is the meaning of tenacious as used in the sentences?

a. stubborn   b. talkative    c. cranky    d. bossy

 

Prefix/Suffix Warm Up #6

We subsequently turned the car around  and returned home. The prefix sub- means "under or after" and the root sequ means "follow." What is the meaning of subseqently as used in the sentence?

a. slowly but surely    b. immediately after   c. completely    d. eventually 

After the huge storm, everyone wondered how long it would take the floodwaters to recede. The prefix re- means "back", and the root cede means "go." What is the meaning of recede as used in the sentence? 

a. flow over   b. rise higher   c. remain stable    d. withdraw from 

 

Warm Up 70
Parts of the Sentence - Subject/Verb
Find the subjects, verbs, interjections, introductory there, and conjunctions in the following sentences. Remember that subjects and verbs can be compound.
1. There were no pies, cakes or cookies on the shelves.
2. Oh, neither Jane nor Tarzan would return to civilization.
3. Barbara and her friends sat on the floor, ate goodies, and listened to records.
4. The brothers swam, fished, and rowed the boat on their vacation.
5. Wow, this lesson is hard but was fun.

Warm Up 71

Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.

1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.

2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.

3. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.

4. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.

5. George and Tamara (doesn't, don't) want to see that movie.

Warm Up 72
Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.

1. Benito (doesn't, don't) know the answer.
2. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France.
3. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
4. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two hours to watch.
5. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.

Warm Up 73

1. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.
2. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
3. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?
4. Mathematics (is, are) John's favorite subject, while
5. Civics (is, are) Andrea's favorite subject.

Warm Up 74
Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.

1. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days.
2. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
3. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner's.
4. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!
5. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.

 

Warm Up 75
Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.
The committee (leads, lead) very different lives in private.
The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the press cordially.
All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case.
Sugar and flour (is, are) needed for the recipe.
Neither my dad nor my brothers (know, knows) how to ski.

Warm Up (review for Unbroken Unit Test)

Figurative Language Review - Identify the type of figurative language in the sentences:

1. Sally swears she saw Santa.

2. “The ship passed over Nuremberg and Adolf Hitler, then flew east of Frankfurt, where a Jewish woman named Edith Frank was caring for her newborn, a girl named Anne.”

3. Shine bright like a diamond.

4. I called you a million times and you wouldn’t take my call!

 

 

 

Warm Up 76
Decide if the following sentences are written in active voice or passive voice.
Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. 
The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. 
The flat tire was changed by Sue. 
We are going to watch a movie tonight. 
The obstacle course was run by me in record time.

Warm Up 77
Decide if the following sentences are written in passive voice or active voice.

The entire stretch of highway was paved by the crew. 
Mom read the novel in one day.
The critic wrote a scathing review. 
A scathing review was written by the critic. 
The staff is required to watch a safety video every year.

Warm Up 78
Determine if the sentences below are written in active voice or passive voice. 
Tom painted the entire house. 
The students’ questions are always answered by the teacher. 
The choir really enjoys that piece. 
Who taught you to ski?
By whom were you taught to ski?

Mood:

Asks a question

Is a statement

A wish

If this, then that

A command

 

Warm Up 79
Tell if the sentences below are written in active or passive voice.
The two kings are signing the treaty. 
Every night the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew. 
Money was generously donated to the homeless shelter by Larry. 
No one responded to my sales ad. 
My sales ad was not responded to by anyone.

 

 

Unbroken Warm Up (Chapters 11-14)

1. What did Louis use to catch fish (from Chapter 14 reading)?

2. How did the military inform the families of the missing service members that they were lost at sea?

3.  What was the name of the plane Louis/Phil were flying that crashed?

4. Would you describe Mac as a static or dynamic character? 

5. Louis saw the insignia of the 42nd squadron on the Daisy Mae as it flew over them/searched for them. What does insignia mean?

 

#80 Write a Synonym and Antonym for each word. Use the words from the word bank.

• Construct
• Different
• Sob
• Dry
• False
• Destroy
• Factual
• Moist
• Laugh
• Similar

Word Synonym Antonym
True
Damp
Cry
Alike
Build

 

Write a Synonym and Antonym for each word. 
Use the words from the word bank.
Difficult, Healthy, Rich, Full, Cowardly, Easy, Ill, Poor, Daring, Famished
Word Synonym Antonym
Hard
Sick
Wealthy
Hungry
Brave

 

Warm Up 82

Antonyms
Read the sentence below. Write an antonym from the word box for each underlined words.
My room looks very messy.
The concert was loud.
The cup is completely empty.
Everyone was sitting in the audience. 
Word Bank: Fast, neat, tall, full, asleep, comfortable, standing, out, never, young, quiet, responsible

 

Warm Up 83

Read the sentences below and write the antonym for the underlined word. Use the word bank.
Word Bank: Fast, neat, tall, full, asleep, comfortable, standing, out, never, young, quiet, responsible
The short basketball player went for the rebound.
We were uncomfortable at the sporting event.
We looked in the market for groceries.
You always were prepared for school.

 

 

Warm Up 84

Read the sentences below and write the antonym for the underlined word. Use the word bank.
Word Bank: Full, asleep, foolish, standing, out, unaware, young, quiet, responsible
The elderly man had a lot of fight in him.
The engineering student was astute.
The leaders were reckless with their power.
I stayed alert during the earthquake.

Dr. Seuss' birthday warm up (March 2)

The beloved children's book Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Seuss turned ___ years old on Aug. 11, 2020.

1. 20 b. 30 c. 50 d. 60

 

In 2021, Dr. Seuss himself would have been ________ years old. 

1. 100 b.  115 c. 117 d. 135

 

 His debut book was rejected ________ times before it finally went to the printing press.

1. 10 b. 27 c. 100 d. 50

 

Seuss is credited with inventing the word "______." It first appeared in If I Ran the Zoo in 1950.

1. Nerd b. Loser c. wacky d. tacky

 

Seuss had a licence plate that says "_________".

Sam I Am b. Grinch c. Green Eggs & Ham d. Cindy Lou

Warm Up 85

Antonyms
Pick the word that most closely matches the underlined word.
1. While she was indifferent to golf, her husband was an avid fan.
a. Boring
b. Likeable
c. Eager
d. Pleasant

2. I thought it was a fresh idea, but the teacher thought it was trite.
a. Special
b. Loud
c. Happy
d. Common

3. Stacy was suspicious when the clown handed them the box, but her gullible little brother opened it anyway.
A. Trusting
b. Sad
c. Doomed
d. Careful

4. While Parker is very outgoing, his little sister is reclusive.
A. Withdrawn
b. Athletic
c. Popular
d. Hungry

 

Warm up 86 - antonym
1. The woman abhorred cleaning house, but she loved a spotless home.
a. often
b. demanded
c. enjoyed
d. hated

2. Chuckie is adept with crossword puzzles
a. miserable
b. skilled
c. close
d. bored

3. Instead of grimace, Cameron had a big smile across her face.
a. grin
b. hat
c. frown
d. mask

4. Callie was an agile dancer, although her partner was quite clumsy.
a. quiet
b. nimble
c.shy
d. stiff

 

Warm up 87
Synonyms
The best synonym for
1. Suspicious
a. trusting
b. strict
c. disbelief
d. lie

2. Fragile
a. heavy
b. breakable
c. harsh
d. bold

3. Recall
a. remember
b. restore
c. remake
d. try again

4. Esteem
a. carefree
b. harmony
c. admiration
d. encircle

 

Warm Up 88 - Synonyms
1 messy
a. extemporaneous
b. preamble
c. rigged
d. slipshod

2. Terrible
a. cringe
b. horrendous
c. acclaim
d. beautiful

3. Remainder
a. angle
b. charge
c. balance
d. life

4. Blunt
a. extemporaneous
b. preamble
c. rugged
d. skeptical

 

 

Warm UP 89

1. no we haven’t never drove to lake superior for the fourth of july mr stein says last monday 
2. when i shaked the paper weight a shower of snow fell
3. we went to there house at 124 greenway boulevard but they had already leaved for the south 
4. the fairfield news announced that governor soto would speak on Television at 730 PM

Warm Up 90

1. it was overcast and drizzly we decided not to go to hampton beach 
2. because they enjoyed fishing in the mississippi river this year they plan to return to the mississippi river next year
3. i knowed i would receive these gifts for my birthday a sweatshirt a calculator and a skateboard 
4. preparing our dinner the smell of the chicken made dad hungry

Warm Up 91

Correct any errors in the following sentences:
1. the man at the door taking tickets shouted get away from that car
2. in march them students will read the short story a visit of charity which was wrote in the twentieth century
Analogies
3. : other autobiography : self
4. a movie actor : physicist : Nobel Prize

 

Warm Up 92 - Analogies

Wary: Cautious; Weary:

___ : upper : : inferior:superior

_: solo : : actor: monologue

_: donkey : : Republican : elephant

Warm Up 93 - Analogies
Tractor: pulling : : sports car: _ 
Biologist: microscope : : _: telescope 
Spectrum: colors : : Alphabet: 
: brought : : wake: woke

 

 

Q3 Exam Review Warm Up #1

Identify the text structure:

When Tim woke up, he didn’t want to go to school. His mom took him anyway. So, he went to school, but he didn’t do any work. The days passed, and Tim still didn’t do any work. Mr. Morton called Tim’s house, but Tim still wouldn’t do any work. Finally the report cards came out, and Tim failed his classes. Tim was sad. (chronological) 

There are two popular sports played at Ericson, basketball and volleyball. Both take place inside of the gym at Ericson. Also, each sport has two teams of people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played off of the floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch the floor or it is out of play. Basketball and volleyball are popular sports at Ericson (compare contrast)

Did you know that the way you take care of your lawn can affect the watershed? Many people use pesticides and herbicides to kill insects and weeds. These chemicals can run off into streams and rivers, harming plants and animals. (cause and effect)

 

Q3 Exam Review Warm Up #2

Identify the text structure:

Streams face many problems. Chemicals like pesticides, herbicides, and oil can wash into the stream during storms. Dirt and debris from construction sites and bare ground cause problems too. But there is a solution. A riparian buffer zone, or an area of trees and shrubs along a waterway, can dramatically improve water quality. (problem solution) 

 Jack and Jill ran up the hill to fetch a pail of water. Jack fell down and broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after. (Chronological)

When you walk into her bedroom there is a window facing you.  To the right of that is a dresser and television and on the other side of the window is her  bed. (descriptive/spatial)

 

Q3 Exam Review Warm Up #3

In an essay regarding Title 1 (or low-income) schools offering continued assistance and resources for students, which sentence below would serve as the best Thesis Statement?

Schools should hold parents accountable for providing supplies and resources to their low-income students.

Schools should provide educational resources for low-income students during the summers so that they don't forget what they've learned throughout the school year.

Schools should provide educational resources for low-income students only during the school year.

 

In an essay regarding the importance of public libraries, which sentence below would serve as the best Thesis Statement?

Libraries are essential resources for communities and should be funded more heavily by local municipalities.

Libraries aren’t viewed as important resources for communities or families anymore, so funding should be restricted or cut.

Libraries are important to communities and local families should provide funding to help cover the operating costs.

 

Warm Up 95 - Analogies
 

Why should you be careful about using Wikipedia as a credible source?

1. References for the information are not listed on the website.
2. Users can leave comments about the information on the site.
3. Entries can be written by any anonymous person.
4. Information can be used by anyone without proper citation.

 

Warm Up 96

Silo: grain : : : gas 
Manicure: fingernails : : _: toenails
_: map : : Pronunciation key: dictionary
_: forest : : grass: prairie

Warm Up 97 - Analogies
Alteration : _ :: revision: novel 
: swift : : scarce : rare
Loaf : slices : : book :
Room: house : : : garden
 

Warm Up 98

Warm Up 98 - Analogies
vault: : artifacts: museum 
Club: members : : _ : pearl 
Flamingo : : :cardinal : red 
Octagon : _ : : Pentagon : 108 degrees

Q3 Exam Review - Verb Mood
Atlanta is the capital of Georgia (Indicative)
Clean your room now (imperative)
If only I were at the beach right now. (subjunctive)

Review - Anne Frank
What items did Anne give her loved ones for Hanukkah?
Dussel - 
Margot - 
Mom- 
Dad - 
Dussel - 
Mrs. Van Daan - 
Peter Van Daan - 
Mr. Van Daan -

 

 

Poetry Warm Up 1

Neither Out Far nor in Deep (By  Robert Frost)

The people along the sand       

All turn and look one way.                                                                                  

They turn their back on the land.                                                                        

They look at the sea all day. 

What type of rhyme scheme is this poem an example of?  

 

Poetry Warm Up 2

Identify the Rhyme Scheme in the excerpt below:

And looking back along the past

We know we needed all the strain

Of fear and doubt and strife and pain

To make us value peace, at last

 

Poetry Warm Up 3

Identify the Rhyme Scheme in the excerpt below:

Last night I heard your voice, Mother

The words you sang to me

When I, a little barefoot boy

Knelt down against your knee

 

Poetry Warm Up 4

Into our town the hangman came,

Smelling of gold and blood and flame

And he paced our bricks with a different air,

And built his frame on the courthouse square.

 

Poetry Warm Up 5

Identify the rhyme scheme and the figurative language used in this poem (5x)

 

Harlem

BY LANGSTON HUGHES

What happens to a dream deferred?

Does it dry up

like a raisin in the sun?

Or fester like a sore—

And then run?

Does it stink like rotten meat?

Or crust and sugar over—

like a syrupy sweet?

Maybe it just sags

like a heavy load.

Or does it explode?

 

1. The sheep went, “Baa.”
2. The best part about music class is that you can bang on the drum.
3. It is not unusual for a dog to bark when visitors arrive.
4. Silence your cellphone so that it does not beep during the movie.
5. Dad released a belch from the pit of his stomach.

6. Identify the Personification from the examples below:

7. The clouds were playing in the sky.

8. The car engine coughed in the early morning.

9. The leaves raced to the ground.

Warm Up 100 - Onomatopoeia

1. The bridge collapsed creating a tremendous boom.
2. The large dog said, “Bow-wow!”
3. Are you afraid of things that go bump in the night?
4. My brother can burp the alphabet.
5. Both bees and buzzers buzz.

6. Identify the Hyperbole

7. The puppy had ears a mile long

8. I want to sleep a hundred years.

9. Identify the Simile

10. Her voice rang clear like a bell.

11. The trees are puffy like cotton.

Warm Up 101 - Onomatopoeia

1. The cash register popped open with a heart warming ca-ching.
2. The bird’s chirp filled the empty night air.
3. Her heels clacked on the hardwood floor.
4. The clanging pots and pans awoke the baby.
5. If you want the red team to win, clap your hands right now!
6. 
   

   Identify the Metaphor

   Friendship is golden

   Life is a highway.

   Identify the Alliteration 

   The trees swayed shyly in the summer breeze.

   Come and close your closet.

 

warm up 102

1. The cadets swelled with pride when they heard the clash of the cymbals at their graduation ceremony.
2. The dishes fell to the floor with a clatter.
3. Nothing annoys me more than rapidly clicking your pen.
4. The bride and groom were not surprised to hear the familiar sound of clinking glasses.
5. The horse’s hooves clip-clopped on the cobblestones.
   

   Identify the Hyperbole

   This is the worst day of my life.

   I almost died of embarrassment.

   She’s as old as the hills.

   Identify the Oxymoron

   I was clearly confused by her statement.

   My first year of teaching there was deafening silence when the kids wouldn’t talk to me.

Warm up 103

Identify the personification from the example given.

1. 1. Lightning danced across the sky.
2. 2. The wind howled in the night.
3. 3. The car complained as the key was turned.
4. 4. Rita heard the last piece of pie calling her name.
5. 5. My alarm clock yells at me every morning.

Warm up 104

1. 1. The avalanche devoured anything standing in its way.
2. 2. Traffic slowed to a crawl.
3. 3. The door protested as it opened slowly.
4. 4. My house is a friend who protects me.
5. 5. The moon played hide and seek with the clouds.

warm up 105

 

1. 1. That book was so popular, it flew off the shelves.
2. 2. My car’s headlights winked at me.
3. 3. She is so beautiful the camera loves her.
4. 4. The stairs groaned as we walked on them.
5. 5. Winter’s icy grip caused people to shudder.

Warm Up 106 - Personification

1. 1. Our vacuum hums a happy tune while it cleans.
2. 2. You need to cross over at the mouth of the river.
3. 3. Time flies and waits for no one.
4. 4. My flowers were begging for water.
5. 5. The ivy wove its fingers around the fence.

Milestones Warm Up 1

 

Selected-Response  (a)

A student is writing an informational essay about the International Space Station (ISS). The student’s central idea focuses on how astronauts who live and work on the ISS are learning valuable information that benefits people on Earth. 

Which information should the student include in her essay to BEST help the reader understand the topic? 

A. a list of specific examples of how research on the ISS has improved life on Earth 

B. a map that highlights the different countries that were involved in building the ISS 

C. a diagram that shows the total distance between the ISS and Earth 

D. a photograph of an astronaut’s living quarters on the ISS

Milestones Warm Up 2 (d)

 

Selected-Response Read the paragraph from a student’s narrative. “Have fun on your field trip, Alma! You may want to pack an umbrella.” My dad’s last-minute advice repeated in my head. I wished I had taken his advice, but I never expected to encounter a drenching downpour of rain during the school hiking trip. Yet here I was, soaked to the bone and unable to see more than a few steps in front of me on the nature trail. For only a moment, I lost sight of the trail guide and my group, but it was enough time to make my stomach somersault with worry. Calmly, I stopped and peered intently through the wall of rain, straining to see someone ahead of me. I saw the orange vest of the guide. What a relief! I raced forward, and when I reached Josie in the back of the group, I grabbed her hand and vowed not to let go until the rain stopped. Which revision of the underlined sentence is the BEST way to add more sensory language to the paragraph? A. I noticed something orange, maybe the trail guide’s vest, moving ahead of me. B. Through the falling rain, I caught a glimpse of bright orange ahead of me. C. A little farther down the trail, I thought I recognized the trail guide wearing orange in the distance. D. Suddenly a flash appeared, and I realized it was the guide’s neon-orange vest glowing through the rain.

Milestones Warm Up 3 (c)

Selected-Response Read the paragraph from a student’s report. 1 Amateur chefs seeking to create the perfect omelet or bake a delicious cookie often turn to online recipes or cooking shows for tips on food preparation. 2 Some, though, are taking their cooking skills to a new level by enrolling in science classes. 3 In these classes, people can learn important scientific principles that help them become better chefs. 4 They learn, for example, how mechanical agitation can cause proteins to denature. 5 Additionally, they may learn about the chemical changes that occur when heat is applied to eggs, dairy products, and various types of cooking oils. What should the student do to make the paragraph clearer for the audience while still maintaining the purpose of the report? A. Include a recipe for the cookies described in sentence 1. B. List other reasons a student may take a chemistry class in sentence 2. C. Define and explain the unfamiliar terms included in sentence 4. D. Describe where chefs can purchase the ingredients listed in sentence 5.

Milestones Warm Up 4

 

Selected-Response 

Genevieve is working on a research paper. She is interested in the topic of plants that have healing properties. She needs to focus her research more specifically. Which question is BEST for the purpose of focusing her research?  (b)

A. How have plants been used for medicine throughout history? 

B. How has one type of plant been used as medicine? 

C. How can people create recipes that use healthy plants in their diets? 

D. How have the health benefits of plants been used to sell products?

 

 

Milestones Warm Up 5

Selected-Response Which sentence is the BEST way to revise the underlined sentence so that the paragraph is consistently written in the active voice?

We spent many of our summers on the Georgia Sea Islands. The music played by the residents there was inspiring. I would give anything to play that well.

A. The music was played by residents, and it was inspiring. B. Music was played that was inspired by the residents. C. Inspiring music was played by the residents. D. The residents played inspiring music.

(d)

 

Milestones Warm Up 6

Selected-Response 

What is the function of the underlined word in the sentence? 

Reading is my favorite way to spend a quiet afternoon. (b)

A. adjective B. noun C. preposition D. verb

 

Milestones Warm Up 7

 

Selected-Response Read the sentence. 

The Harlem Renaissance an important period of artistic expression allowed for great cultural expression. Which revision shows the correct use of commas to indicate a pause? 

A. The Harlem Renaissance, an important period, of artistic expression allowed for great cultural expression. 

B. The Harlem Renaissance an important period of, artistic expression, allowed for great cultural expression. C. The Harlem Renaissance an important period of artistic expression, allowed for great, cultural expression. D. The Harlem Renaissance, an important period of artistic expression, allowed for great cultural expression.

 

Milestones Warm Up 8

Selected-Response 

Which underlined word contains a spelling error? 

His facial reaction was quite quizical in nature.

 

Warm Up 107 - Hyperbole
 

• My grandmother is as old as the hills.
• Your suitcase weighs a ton!
• She is as heavy as an elephant!
• I am dying of shame.
• I am trying to solve a million issues these days

warm up 108

• Your mama is so old her social security number is 1.
• “I’ve told you a million times”
• “It was so cold, I saw polar bears wearing jackets”
• “She is so dumb, she thinks Taco Bell is a Mexican phone company”
• I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow, uphill.

warm up 109

Warm Up 109 - Hyperbole

• I had a ton of homework.
• If I can’t buy that new game, I will die.
• He is as skinny as a toothpick.
• This car goes faster than the speed of light.
• That new car costs a bazillion dollars.

warm up 110

She is a walking dictionary.
2. The melody is a balm to my soul.
3. He is as tall as a giraffe.
4. She is as pretty as a rose.
5. My Mom is a teddy bear.

Metaphor or Simile?
1. She is a walking dictionary. 2. The melody is a balm to my soul. 

3. He is as tall as a giraffe. 4. She is as pretty as a rose. 

Identify the Figurative Language from the sentences below:

Sally sings a song so beautiful and soulful. We are alone together. 

My alarm clock yells at me every morning. The explosion went “BOOM!”

 

Milestones Review
2 independent clauses and 1 dependent clause
What are the 3 ways to punctuate a compound sentence? 
Type of conflict? A character fighting city hall/local officials
Type of voice that shows the subject doing the action.
This punctuation is used in time and to set up a list

 

Warm Up 111
Read the sentence below and determine if the sentence is a metaphor or simile. Put M for metaphor and S for Simile.
1. She is sunshine, brightening our day
2. My dog is as smelly as dirty socks.
3. A blank page is a playground for imagination.
4. He is as busy as a bee.
5. His cotton candy words did not appeal to her taste.

warm up 112

Read the sentence below and determine if the sentence is a metaphor or simile. Put M for metaphor and S for Simile.
1. He's as blind as a bat 
2. The world is a stage. 
3. I'm as sick as a dog.
4. You are my sunshine. 
5. My new lotion makes my hands as smooth as silk.

warm up 113

Read the sentence below and determine if the sentence is a metaphor or simile. Put M for metaphor and S for Simile.
1. They are as poor as dirt. 
2. He is a pig! 
3. Her heart is gold. 
4. His eyes sparkle like sunshine.
5. My pillow is a soft cloud, floating me off to sleep.

warm up 114

1. Hear the mellow wedding bells. 
2. Sally had a smile that rivaled that of Mona Lisa. 
3. Her brain is the size of a pea. 
4. My dog is as smelly as dirty socks. 
5. "The silence that asked, "Who will be next to leave us?"' - A Long Way Gone

warm up 115

Name the figurative language: Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration, Assonance, Allusion

1. Life is a journey. 
2. My bookbag weighs a ton. 
3. The ball whizzed through the air. 
4. The bird sang a beautiful song. 
5. Noah has the heart of a lion

warm up 116

2. These shoes are killing me!
3. He was as angry as a grizzly bear.
4. Harriet Tubman was called the Moses of her time.
5. Page's pink polish pours profusely.

 

Warm up 117

Name the figurative language: Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration, Assonance, Allusion

1. On a proud, round cloud. 
2. She say Sally speak silently. 
3. Life is a roller coaster. 
4.The frog's eyes sparkled like diamonds. 
5. You are the apple of my eye

Warm Up 118

Name the figurative language: Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration, Assonance, Allusion
1. She's as pretty as her mother once was. 
2. The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain. 
3. He's a real Sherlock Holmes. 
4. Parker picked peppers with Papaw. 
5. That cat sat back.

warm up 119

Name the figurative language: Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration, Assonance, Allusion
1. She will sail slowly into the sea. 
2. The trees waved goodbye to us. 
3. Boom! The glass table exploded when she fell on it. 
4. Man, Steve is a real Hercules! 
5.I can't pass the test. I tried 1,000 times!

 

Warm up 120

Name the figurative language: Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration, Assonance, Allusion
1. I nearly died laughing! 
2. The job fair was a circus. 
3. The dog said, "Woof!" 
4. I'm sitting on top of the world! 
5. Mary must use her muscles to move that mountain.

 

Warm Up 121

Name the figurative language: Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration, Assonance, Allusion
1. Clap your hands and stamp your feet. 
2. I spilled juice on the carpet and Mom's going to kill me! 
3. The flame of the candle danced in the dark. 
4. Don't beep that horn again! 
5. Crawl like a creepy crawly caterpillar.

Warm Up 122

Determine which type of figurative language is being used in each sentence.

1. The tree danced in the wind.
2. His shirt is as black as night.
3. The books fell off of the shelf with a loud boom.
4. He is a bear when it’s lunch time.
5. Her eyes are as blue as the sky.

Warm Up 123

Simile or Metaphor?
1. She is a butterfly when she dances.2. His big doe eyes got him another cookie from his parents.3. The dog is as fast as a rocket.4. The flashlight was as bright as the sun.5. The hospital was a refrigerator.

Warm up 124

Simile or Metaphor1. Life is a roller coaster.2. He is as brave as a lion.3. He is a shining star.4. He is as fit as a fiddle.5. Tom's eyes were icy.

Answers: M, S, M, S, M

Warm Up 125

Figurative Language1. Lightning danced across the sky.2. Sally sold seashells by the seashore.3. The bees went buzzing by.4.My alarm clock yells at me every morning.5. The clanging pots awoke the baby.

 

https://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/Assessment/Documents/Milestones/Study-Resource%20Guides/EGA125_GR08_EMSC_SG_0001_20210224.pdf

Exam Review - Q4

 

1. A group of 6 lines of verse in a poem is a __________

2. A Japanese poem with 5 lines is a ___________

3. The narrator of Green Angel and Green Witch ______________

4. In public speaking you should consider your _________ (who you are speaking to)

5. A group of lines in a poem that form a single unit is called _____

 

Exam Reivew - Q4 #2

 

 

Exam Review - ALWG Warm Up
1. Years covered in novel?
2. Why didn’t the old man want to tell the boys his name?
3. Beah dreams of whose body being pushed in a wheelbarrow?
4. True or False? Ishmael and his friends form a rap group.
5. When the boys are farming in Kamator, what are they called? (hint: 2 words)

ALWG Warm Up 1
Setting:
Country
Benin House city
Capital city
His grandmother's hometown/city? _
What saves Ishmael and his group more than once during the story? _

Answers:
Sierra Leone
Kissy Town
Freetown
Mattru Jong
Rap Music

 

ALWG Warm Up 2
Nurse that becomes his "temporary sister"
American storyteller who eventually becomes his "adoptive mother" _
Ishmael's friend that dies in chapter 10? 
Ishmael's nickname during the war __
Esther
Laura Simms
Saidu
Green Snake

 

ALWG Warm Up 3
Name of Ishmael's oldest cousin (they go to the pub together)
What does Esther buy Ishmael?
What was the first weapon given to Ishmael?
What happens to Ishmael's family?
Whom does he blame for not reaching his family?
Allie
Walkman and cassette tapes
AK-47
burned village (rebels attack)
Gasemu

 

ALWG Warm Up 4
What does the word "repatriated" mean?
A. To return to the war zone
B. To be released from jail and put in rehab.
C. To be reunited with your family.
D. To return to one’s country or to be assimilated back into society.
What was Ishmael's motto (during the war)?
True or False. Uncle Tommy told his wife and children all about Ishmael's background (as a child soldier) before he came to live with them.
What did Ishmael call the MP's?
Answers:
A
Kill or be Killed
False
City Soldiers or Sissy Soldiers

 

Anne Frank Warm Up 1
Rewrite making grammatical corrections.

On June 14 1942 thirteen-year-old Anne Frank begun a diary in which she recorded her hopes thoughts and dreams.

Anne's diary became the basis of Frances Goodrich's and Albert Hackett's play, The Diary of Anne Frank

The play gives the tragedy of war a human face and voice, Anne Frank's.

8 people were crammed into a tiny apartment, forced into hideing by the Nazi threat.

 

Q4 Exam Review Warm Up

1. What’s the setting of Green Angel and Green Witch?
2. Who is the author of Green Angel and Green Witch?
3. This type of poem has no strict pattern. It’s up to the poet to write whatever he/she wants
4. A group of lines in a poem are called this (kind of like a paragraph in an essay)
5. A sonnet is a 14 line poem made famous by whom?