Chaos TL: A world without Genghis Khan's conquests (finished!)

@Admiral Matt: I thought about general MacMahon in the 3rd republic. He was a general too, he could've installed another dictatorship - but he didn't. It's a bit like if another general but Napoleon had taken power in OTL France after the directory, who'd believe in the republic.
@Constantinople: Could be you're confusing it with Italy from the Old Chaos TL, which is indeed a united republic since ~1500. TTL Italy emerged from the old republic of Florence, which became a duchy in 1477, a grand duchy in 1575 and was united with the kingdom of Sicily in 1688.

And France... don't forget it was the most populated country in Europe by far, except for Russia (which didn't fight France). In the First Coalition War against republican France IOTL the situation was similar, and France still won.

And since we're in the year 1800, here's the summary:

Summary of the 18th century:

Atlantis: Germans, Italians, Spaniards and English extend their settlements until reaching the Rockies, where they meet the Russians who have spread from Alyeska. After the French Republican Wars, Italy annexes the French colonies and some Spanish islands. German Atlantis declares independency after their home country Denmark-Braunschweig ceases to exist.

Europe: Sweden-Netherlands gives more power to the parliament. After its setback in the anti-French War, France can restore its position somehow. After the death of king Charles X, the country has the estates debate for years about the right heir, which leads to the people declaring a republic when they see that a king-less government is perfectly possible. In the following French Republican Wars, France achieves dominance over Germany and Iberia. For quite some time, general Boulanger governs the country with dictatorical power. Pope loses more influence to the kings, has to flee after the changes in France first to Spain, later to Britain.

Russian lands: The invention of the telegraph spreads from Russia to other Eurasian nations. Vladimir-Suzdal is defeated and divided by Novorossiya and South Russia (Kiev-Chernigov + Dvoryan republics). Serbia and Bosnia gain independence after centuries. Novorossiya expands into Finland, Prussia, Central Asian steppe.

Muslim world: Shiite Persia still becomes stronger, pushes Seljuks back. "New Seljuks" try to reform their state. France again tries to occupy the Sinai, for a connection to India. Egypt becomes independent.

East Asia: France founds the short-lived Indochinese League. Hong China is attacked by its former tributaries, losing some provinces in the South. General Lin Xiaolong uses the opportunity to take power, founding the Ming dynasty. Spain gains influence in Nippon.

Rest of the world: Brits discover Antipodia (OTL Australia). Guinea develops into a state with a Portuguese-speaking mulatto ruling class.

--

History of science in the 18th century:

General state of the art:

Western Europe: In Italia Nuova, the equivalent of the "Spinning Jenny" is built. Steam machine invented in Britain by Christian 't Hooft, a fled Dutchman. Several progresses in chemistry, mechanical machines.

Russian lands: Invention of the telegraph leads to an acceleration of science, esp. in the area of electricity (lightning rod, electromagnet, arc lamp).

Islamic World: The orbit of Uranus is studied and the discrepance of its speed noticed (caused by the gravitational influence of Neptune). Towards the end of the century, in Persia the first hot air balloon is built.

India: Kerala school makes yet some more mathematical discoveries at the level of OTL 20th century.

China: Science still stagnates, although some European inventions are still introduced.

Read about [post=1070467]paradigmatic revolutions in Russia[/post]!

--

And here's the map for Europe in 1800. Note there's a retcon:
1793: Peace of Frankfurt. Bavaria, Brandenburg-Silesia, Pomerania and Braunschweig (incl. Schleswig-Holstein) are turned into republics too. Denmark proper goes to Sweden. Spain is occupied by France (except Galicia, which goes to Portugal) and divided into the republics of Castille, Asturia and Andalusia. Hungary has to cede the lands of the Czechs and Slovaks, which become the Moravian republic.

Oh, and BTW, I also added a worldmap for 1700, on page 9 of the thread.

@Admiral Matt: OTL republican France first made a constitution which had active and passive citizens - 4.5 million adult male French were active citizens, 3 million were passive. ITTL, since the republic came into being earlier, and with less brute force, it'll be rather the other way round. Of course, this can still change - ITTL the Jacobins changed it too and gave all adult males the right to vote.
@Tizoc: Looks like if you're right - I simply forgot about Poland. I thought about retconning it, but since the Russians were preoccupied with the war against Vladimir-Suzdal (and its division), there's no war for Polozk. Later maybe.

And I used the opportunity to correct two other mistakes too: Albania's an Italian protectorate, and Castille and Morocco are seperated (Castille is a French satellite republic, Morocco is Spain-in-exile).


And now the new update:

First a Retcon (about natural disasters):
1505: Mega earthquake in Himalaya. Nepal and other states of the area are broken.

1572: Cassiopeia Supernova observed. Astronomers in Europe and Islamic world start rethinking Aristoteles' theory that stars are everlasting.

1604: Ophiuchus Supernova observed.

1642: Great floods in China, more than 300,000 people killed.

1693: Earthquake of Sicily. The old royal palace is also destroyed, helping king Francisco / Francesco I to move the court to Rome.

1703, silvester: Earthquake of Edo (Tokyo). More than 100,000 victims.

1755, November 1st: Earthquake of Lissabon. After more than 50 years of Spanish suppression, this event breaks the spirit of the Portuguese. Many leave the country for Guinea.


Special retcon for Russian princedoms:
In 1223, before the battle of river Kalka against the Mongols, there were about 75 male Rurikids left. Because of the Russian system of patrilineal seniority (means: If one of them dies, the thrones are rotated among the survivors - see wiki), I didn't write down the exact list of rulers down for every princedom; instead, I just estimated how many heirs (means: sons, surviving into adulthood, not taking the vow) everyone had, thus determining their numbers for later generations.

So here are the events in Russia left out in earlier updates:
1225-50: Many wars against attacking Kumans and Volga Bulgars. Number of princes falls to ~60.

1250-1300: A lot of infighting reduces the number of princes down to ~50.

1300-50: Attacks of the Teutonic knights takes out the princes from Polozk and Turov-Pinsk, reducing the total to ~45.

1350-1400: Teutonic knights takes out the princes from Halicz-Volhyn, but thanks to natural growth the number stays roughly equal.

1400-50: Although the Black Death has depopulated Russia, the number of the princes grew up to ~60.

1450-1500: Fearing that their power is destroyed again, the Great Princes take various measures to exclude some of the princes for various reasons. Their number goes down to ~40.

1500-50: After excluding even more Rurikids from their claims, the number of princes has shrunk to ~25 in 1525, after which the Great Princes decide it's enough.

1550-1600: Quite a peaceful time for the Rurikid house.

1600-50: After Pyotr I of Vladimir-Suzdal became first Czar, he removes some of the Rurikids in North Russia, reducing their number a bit.

1650-1700: After some more princes in North Russia lose their claims, the number of Rurikids with claims falls to an all-tine low of 22.

1700-50: With a kind of enlightenment spreading through Russia, even some princes standing too low in the line of succession give up their claims to persuade other careers. Their number falls below 20.

1750-1800: After Vladimir-Suzdal is conquered by Southern Russia and Novorossiya in 1779, the number of princes dwindles to 11, since the Northern Rurikids are exiled.


And a Retcon for East Asia:
1776: Italy sends diplomats to Pegu (S Burma), makes a trading treaty.

1779: Italy makes a trading treaty with Bengal.

1783: Italy makes a trading treaty with Melaka.

1784: Italy makes a trading treaty with Thailand.

1787: Italy makes a trading treaty with Khmer.

1790: Italy clashes with Britain at Java, makes a retreat.

1792: Italy makes a trading treaty with Champa (S Vietnam).

1795: "The great catch": Italy makes a trading treaty with Vijayanagar.

(At the moment, the Italians have to send their ships around Africa to trade with India and SE Asia, but king Gioacchino already thinks about shortening the way somehow.)


And now, The World 1800-20:

Atlantis:
Early 1800s: In German Atlantis, the two main political parties ("Die Freien" - "The Free Ones", and "Die Gleichen" - "The Equal Ones") emerge. They give each other the nicknames "Die Nackten" ("the naked ones", implying they have no shame) and "Die Blinden" ("the blind ones", accusing them being blind for reality).

1804: Italy conquers Cuba.

1811/12: Three earthquakes in North Atlantis during short time.

1812: Italy conquers Florida, now uniting all of OTL Old South.

1813: Canadian Revolutionary War begins, for the Canadians feel that they have to pay too many taxes for the never-ending, unsuccessful wars in Europe and are too suppressed.

1814: Most Canadian harbors occupied by Britain.

1816: Kingsburgh (OTL Montreal) besieged by Brits.

1817: Young people (esp.) in German Atlantis join Canadians fighting Britain, being more pro-republic than their indifferent parents.

1820: Second siege of Kingsburgh.


Muslim World:
1800-06: Persia makes war against Vijayanagar again, unsuccessfully. The latter ones are supported by Italy.

1813-15: South Russia attacks Seljuks, takes Bulgaria. Now all the Southern Slavs are liberated from Seljuk rule.

1815: After the lost war, the Seljuk sultan loses practicaclly all real power.

1818-20: Italy conquers Egypt, which is done by general Alessandro Napoleoni from Sardinia.


Western Europe:
1801: After anti-French uprisings in Andalusia, Britain and Morocco attempt a landing in Spain, which the French still defeat.

1802: First bigger anti-French uprising in a German state, in Switzerland. Although the cities and plains can be brought under control, the more resilient population in the high mountains of the Alps and the Black Forest can't be stopped. French react pragmatically this time, leaving the mountain people to themselves and have the Swiss government accept the loss of taxes.

1810: Britain tries again to support an anti-French uprising in Asturia, which the French suppress again.

1816: Ludwig VIII of Austria dies, state is united with Hungary.

1818: German uprising against France. Rhine bridges destroyed, French troops in Germany cut off and overwhelmed by German revolutionaries. France has to let the Germans go, but keeps the Netherlands and the Rhineland. Switzerland also stays a satellite.


East Asia:
1801: Novorossiya makes a treaty with the new emperor of China regarding their common border.

1802: Hong China (on OTL Taiwan, Philippines, we remember) makes an alliance with Britain.

1804-15: In a longer war, China kicks out the SE Asians from its South again and also reconquers the sinicized Annam, Ava (N Burma), Lan Xang (Laos) and Lannathai (N Thailand). After this, the country has to recover, however.

1805: Italy sends diplomats to Pegu (S Burma), supports them with arms against China. Similar treaties with Thailand, Champa and Khmer follow.

1815, April 10th - 15th: Eruption of Tambora volcano. "Year without summer" follows.


Eastern Europe / Russian lands:
Early in 19th century: Idea of Panslavism starts to spread.

1806: Novorossiya and South Russia (Kiev) attack Poland, take the former Russian lands of Turov, Pinsk and Volhyn back. Poland east of the Vistula stays occupied.

1809-14: Novorossiya fights Choresm, takes its northern parts, including Sinkiang area. Choresm also has to pay tribute.

1820: Number of Rurikid princes in South Russia has fallen below 10.

--

Stories:
[post=847977]Walter Meier, father of the German unity[/post]
[post=861157]Thomas König and the siege of Kingsburgh[/post]

@Stalker: I checked it - they were usually called "Rurikids" in English. I admit it sounds a bit like a Greek name, esp. if written with the -idea ending. But since "Rurikid(s)" seems to be the proper English form, I think I'll keep it.

About the Dvoryan republics: I'm looking for a different name too, but Cossack is impossible, since that word is derived from Mongol "kazak", which doesn't work ITTL. They are supposed to be the equivalent to Cossacks, right, but they need another name. That's why I thought about using "Dozor" (watchers, watchmen) instead. Wouldn't be too bad IMO, since they're supposed to watch the border of Russian-settled lands against Kumans and other people. Yes, at the moment I tend to "Dozor".

But now, here's The World, 1820-40:

Western Europe:
1809 (Retcon): Since the British Royal Family has acquired the claims for most German electorates, Humphrey V is elected unofficial Holy Roman Emperor. Not even the French Republican government cares much, even less the Germans, but a lot of money is spent on the coronation, which uses the old German rituals, although they have become criticized as pointless for at least a century in Germany itself before the HRE ended.

1820: German parliament decides that Walter Meier mustn't return to Germany. The German politician criticize that he worked as a tribute collector for the French, that he didn't manage to include Nassau, Switzerland, the Rhineland, Prussia, Austria and the Dutch into Germany, and many are simply envious.

1823: Alessandro Napoleoni who was appointed successor of king Gioacchino, declares himself New Roman emperor. He plans to unite the lands of the old Roman empire (in W Europe at least), but also thinks about new colonies.
Germany gives itself the first constitution, after having discussed it for years.

1824: Imperial-Catholic church founded. The New Roman emperor is the head of it. He uses the church as a tool to bring the former French and Spanish colonies better under his heel. Priests who deny the oath are expelled or incarcerated.
Switzerland leaves the French sphere of influence after an uprising. Germans invite them to join Germany, but they decline.
Germany and New Rome make a treaty of friendship.

1825-27: Rhenish War. Germany and Switzerland defeat France; Rhineland, Alsace-Lorraine, German-speaking Luxembourg, western Switzerland ceded by France. The long (more than 50 years!) French influence still proves to be hard to overcome, and many people decide to emigrate from the "liberated" lands to France.

1830: Death of grand duke Adolf Ignaz II of Nassau. (In his Bohemian exile, Walter Meier triumphs: "Adolf Nazi [1] is dead!") A plebiscite about the future in the country makes Nassau a republic, which is soon united with Germany (thus gaining the important Ruhr area). Britain protests, since the king now helds (thanks to various marriages of the Royal Family with expelled German princes and princesses) claims to Nassau (and other German states).

[1] No kidding - "Nazi" was once used as a short form of Ignaz.

1830s: "Railroad mania" starts in Britain.

1833: Death of last Bourbon king Sigismond / Zsigmond III of Hungary.

1835: Emperor Alessandro introduces the French calendar (equivalent to ), metric lengths and weights in the New Roman Empire. The Germans soon follow suit.

1838: English revolution, king Philip killed. Revolutionaries declare the British republic. Royal family under his successor George I flees to New Albion (OTL New Zealand). The pope goes with them.

1840: Dutch uprising. France is unable to suppress them, has to grant Netherlands and Flanders independence on German and Roman pressure.

Atlantis:
1822: With some help from German Atlantis, Canada can win independence. Only OTL Newfoundland stays British. British loyalists flee to Braseal. Joseph B. Franklin elected first president of Canada.

1825: Spanish lands in South Atlantis occupied by New Rome.

1826-29: Lacking money, emperor Alessandro attacks and conquers the Inca empire. Their gold and silver mines now work for the New Roman Empire.

1832-36: Anti-British War of allied New Rome, Germany, German Atlantis and Canada. Unexpectedly, the Imperial Navy proves to be stronger than the Royal Navy, thanks to the numerous fights against Spanish Navy-in-exile. In the peace of Roma Nuova, Britain has to cede Newfoundland to Canada and its lands in South Atlantis, which are divided along the Tropic of Capricorn: Braseal goes to New Rome, the Germans receive Argentine as a place for settlement (from now on, more often called Argentinien). Patagonia, being uninteresting for the victors, becomes independent Aymaria.

1837: Texas added to New Rome.
First German settlers arrive in Argentinien. The British upper class is kicked out, while the ordinary Brits are assimilated with time.

East Asia:

1827: A New Roman expedition returns from India, further spurning the interest in the subcontinent. Having learned that there exists cults in India which use to murder for their gods, like Kali, emperor Alessandro starts thinking about using them for his purposes.

1829: The Himalaya states (Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Kashmir) accept China's authority again.

1832: Formal conversion of the tenno to the version of Christianity adapted by the Nipponese. Christianity made state religion.

1830s: Chinese population starts to grow rapidly, and the authorities don't know what to do.

Eastern Europe / Russian lands:

1820s: Reforms in South Russia. Cities, middle class get more rights, like representation in the Duma. The Southern Slavs from Serbia, Bosnia, Bulgaria and Kurnava (OTL Dobruja) are also included, as are Vlachia and Moldovia.

1824: After a Pontic Greek uprising, South Russia fights the Seljuks, makes Trebizond their protectorate. Greek and Russian Orthodox churches start to approximate.

1834: When Russia diplomatically clashes with Hungary, emperor Alessandro fears Russia invading Hungary at the wrong time. So he suggests the Hungarian division: Austria goes to Germany, Croatia to New Rome, Transsylvania becomes a Russian protectorate.

1838/39: After Poles rise up against Russian occupation, Novorossiya attacks and conquers all of Poland. The last king flees to Sweden, later to Britain.

Muslim lands:
Retcon:
1515: "Decadent" Persia overrun by Sunni Pashtuns from Afghanistan who found a new dynasty, which will reign for the next centuries.

1828-34: After a payment of tribute was missed, Novorossiya conquers and subjugates Choresm.

1832-39: Suez canal built.

1835: After anti-Jewish pogroms in North Africa, a delegation of rabbis approaches the emperor. He offers the Jews a home at the Sinai, as close to biblical Israel as possible without moving right in, to form a buffer against the Persian empire and to guard the Suez canal. This marks the beginning of the Jewish state. (This is not completely un-selfish: The Jewish traders can be replaced by Italians, thus strengthening their influence.)

1838-40: Morocco conquered by New Rome after Muslim uprising. (Fled) Spanish royal family exiled to Braseal. Emperor Alessandro has the old Holy City of Kairouan (Tunisia) re-secrated for the Muslim pilgrims.

Stories:
[post=856768]Emperor Alessandro[/post]
[post=905358]A youth in China[/post]

@Constantinople: As I said - for a long time, the (official) pope was residing in Avignon, being a puppet of the French king and not much more than a symbol for the united Catholic church. After France became a republic in 1763, he fled to Toledo (Spain), after the French conquered Spain in 1793 he went to Canterbury (Britain), and when Britain became a republic too in 1838 he fled to New Albion (OTL New Zealand).

The Seljuks went earlier into Europe, but also were kicked out earlier... I'd still say that a few more people than OTL became Muslims. After the reconquest they still had to flee or reconvert, so now there aren't very many of them left.

Until the next update (which will be about science from TTL 1800-50), here's a list of monarchs for the years until 1840. I bet you never heard of some of those dynasties... but that doesn't matter, because (well, almost) all of them either died out, or were toppled by republicans, or had to flee from foreign invaders!! Mwahaha and ha!!!

--

Kings of Scotland:
Estates republic: 1628-94
Conquest by England, end of state

--

Kings of England and Wales:
Stafford dynasty:
Humphrey I (*1602) 1647-82
Humphrey II (*1659) 1682-93
Humphrey III (*1683) 1693/94

Kings of Great Britain:
Humphrey III 1694-1766
Humphrey IV (*1717) 1766/67
Humphrey V (*1750) 1767-1825
Philip (*1777) 1825-38
Revolution, end of monarchy in Britain

Kings of New Albion (officially still kings of Britain, and whatnot):
George I (*1784) 1838-

--

Kings of France:
Dynasty of Berry:
Francois IV (*1601) 1605-81
Francois V (*1640) 1681-92
Francois VI (*1669) 1692-1740
Philippe VI (*1703) 1740-43
Charles X (*1674) 1743-49

Estates rule: 1749-63

Republic: 1763-78 and since 1799

Dictatorship under Boulanger: 1778-99

--

Kings of Spain:
Aliaga dynasty:
Alfonso XII (*1587) 1628/34-56
Maria (*1620) 1656-75

Monteleón dynasty:
Héctor I (*1646) 1675-1737
Héctor II (*1704) 1737-68
Héctor III (*1732) 1768-72
Francisco I 1772-91
Francisco II 1791-93 (+1799)

End of state, conquest by France

--

Kings of Portugal:
Linhares dynasty:
Fernando II (*1617) 1642-57
Manoel (*1646) 1657-94 (+1716)

Spanish kings:
Heitor I 1694-1737
Heitor II 1737-68
Heitor III 1768-72
Francisco I 1772-84

Declaration of the republic

--

Kings of Denmark:
Kristian II (*1624) 1644-65
Kristian III (*1656) 1665-1709
Kristian IV (*1689) 1709-15
Kristian V (*1714) 1715-88

Regency of Polish king Stanislaw: 1788-93

1793: End of state, annexed by Sweden-Norway.

--

Kings of Norway:
-1694: Part of Denmark
1694-: Part of Sweden

--

Kings of Sweden:
Erich / Erik XVII (*1615) 1636-72
Christine / Kristina I (*1643) 1672-1713
Christine / Kristina II (*1668) 1713
Erich / Erik XVIII (*1689) 1713-45
Johann / Johan II (*1721) 1745-1814
Erich / Erik XIX (*1786) 1814-23
Johann / Johan III (*1817) 1823-

--

Holy Roman kings and emperors:
Karl VIII of Bourbon/Hungary 1648-64 (emperor-elect since 1652)
Franz III 1664-81
Franz IV of Sicily 1682-95
Franz of Berry 1682-93 (anti-emperor)
Georg of Thuringia-Weimar 1695-99
Eduard II of Geldern 1699-1722
Ignaz of Nassau 1722-34
Heinrich IX of Brandenburg 1734-54
Franz V of Bavaria 1754-65
Ludwig V of Württemberg 1765-72
Stanislaus of Poland 1772-84

End of HRE

--

Kings of the Netherlands:
Eduard II (*1574) 1612-58
Eduard III (*1605) 1658-92
Geerard III (*1639) 1692-94
Eduard IV 1694-1722

Obotrite dynasty of Sweden
Erik 1722-45
Jan 1745-84

1784: End of state, annexed by France

--

Kings of Poland:
Stanislaw I of Opalinski (*1603) 1642-51
Lukasz of Opalinski (*1635) 1651-88

Francois / Franciszek of Hungary/Bourbon 1688-94
Jakub of Sulkowski (*1646) 1694-1719

Koniecpolski dynasty:
Stanislaw II (*1677) 1719-25
Aleksander II (*1709) 1725-62
Stanislaw III (*1738) 1762-1819
Stanislaw IV (*1797) 1819-39

Conquest of the state by Russia, end of monarchy

--

Kings of Hungary:
Charles / Károly IV (*1592) 1647-64
Charles / Károly V (*1620) 1664-74
Francois / Ferenc IV (*1624) 1674-1700
Francois / Ferenc V (*1657) 1700-12
Charles / Károly VI (*1684) 1712-70
Charles / Károly VII (*1717) 1770-1800
Sigismond / Zsigmond III (*1759) 1800-33

End of monarchy

--

Grand Dukes of Florence:
Giovanni III (*1624) 1638-66
Lorenzo III (*1630) 1666-88

Kings of Sicily:
Álvarez dynasty:
José (*1606) 1641-58
Francisco II 1658-88

Kings of Italy:
Francisco / Francesco I (*1640) 1688-95
Pedro / Piero IV (*1671) 1695-1716
Francisco / Francesco II (*1699) 1716-59
Francisco / Francesco III (*1730) 1759-70
Joaquin / Gioacchino (*1733) 1770-1823

Emperors of New Rome:
Alessandro (*1786) 1823-

--

Counts of Luxembourg:
Heinrich VII 1288-1320
Karel IV (*1295) 1320-58
Sigismund -> Hungary

Dukes of Luxembourg:
Jann I (*1338) 1358-92
Jann II (*1367) 1392-1415
Jann III (*1394) 1415-68
Karel V (*1427) 1468-1502
state reunited with East Tyrol

Luxembourgian counts of Limburg:
Heinrich (*1432 +1461)
Udo I (*1463) 1468-1548
end of state, inherited by Luxembourg-Tyrol

Luxembourgian dukes of Tyrol:
Karl I (*1398) 1415-73

West Tyrol:
Meinhard (*1424 +1469)
Karl II (*1450) 1473-1502
Heinrich IV (*1483) 1502-67
Heinrich V (*1515) 1567-1603
Heinrich VI (*1556) 1603-07
Heinrich VII (*1587) 1607- +1631
end of state, incorporated by Luxembourg-Tyrol

Görz:
Karl III (*1523) 1567-83
end of state, inherited by West Tyrol

East Tyrol:
Heinrich III (*1426) 1473-81
Karl III/VI (*1456) 1481-1511
Heinrich IV/VIII (*1489) 1511-25
Karl IV/VII (*1518) 1525-52
Karl V/VIII (*1551) 1552-82
Karl VI/IX (*1580) 1582-1660
end of state, divided up by Bavaria, France and Venice

Brabant:
Karl -> Brabant-Limburg
Karl (VII) X (*1645) 1660-74
Karl XI (*1671) 1674-94

Luxembourg returned:
Karl XI 1694-1724
Karl XII (*1702) 1724-50
Karl XIII (*1731) 1750-72 (+1815)
French conquest, end of state - forever!

Important events:
1415: Luxembourg and Tyrol divided.
1468: Limburg split off Luxembourg for Udo
1473: Tyrol split into West and East Tyrol
1502: Line of East Tyrol inherits Luxembourg
1548: Limburg inherited by Luxembourg-Tyrol
1567: Görz split off from West Tyrol
1583: Görz reunited with West Tyrol
16: Heinrich VII of West Tyrol deposed for complete madness; all Luxembourg lands united under Karl IX (VI in Tyrol).
1664: After the defeat in the Luxembourgian War of Succession, the righteous heir Karl X has to go to Brabant-Limburg, the last lands left to him.
1694: Luxembourg lands restored.

--

Dukes of Braunschweig(-Lüneburg):

In the South, Braunschweig:
Albrecht I (*1236) 1267-1280

Heinrich I der Wunderliche, Albrecht II and Wilhelm der Fette (the Fat) together 1280-1289

Heinrich I (*1266) 1289-1303 in Wolfenbüttel (older line)
Heinrich II (*1289) 1303-1309
Otto I (*1292) 1309-39
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Göttingen

Johann (*1294) 1309-19 in Calenberg
Johann II (*1314) 1319-53 (so, 2S)
Johann III (*1343) 1353-92
Heinrich (*1372) 1392-1423
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Ernst (*1346) 1353-1408 in Gehrden (older line)
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Otto (*1381) 1420/21 in Gehrden (younger line)
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Albrecht II 1268-1309 (+1333) in Göttingen
Heinrich (son of Heinrich I of Wolfenbüttel!) 1309-53
Otto (*1309) 1353-59
Otto II (*1338) 1359-98
Erich (*1363) 1398-1433
Heinrich (*1391 +1422)
Heinrich II (*1418) 1433-73
Heinrich III (*1450) 1473-1513
Bernhard (*1479) 1513-29
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Erich (*1454) 1473-99 in Seesen
Erich II (*1484) 1499-1532
Erich III (*1516) 1532-66
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Erich (*1421) 1433-70 in Northeim (older line)
Ernst (*1453) 1470-84
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Göttingen

Heinrich (*1342) 1359-1400 in Wolfenbüttel (middle line)
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Göttingen

Ernst (*1396) 1420-36 in Wolfenbüttel (younger line)
Otto (*1427) 1436-1504
Ernst II (*1459) 1504-19
Ernst III (*1489) 1519-69
Heinrich (*1518) 1569-88
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Julius (*1495) 1519-44 in Blankenburg (younger line)
Julius II (*1527) 1544-85
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (younger line)

Otto (*1463) 1504-16 in Blankenburg (older line)
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (younger line)

Wilhelm I der Fette 1270-1292 in Grubenhagen
Heinrich (*1290) 1292-1314
Wilhelm II (*1311) 1314-82
Erich (*1366) 1382-1441
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Wilhelm I (*1292) 1292-1326 in Einbeck (older line)
Wilhelm II (*1318) 1326-52
Heinrich (*1345) 1352-69 (see Lüneburg)
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Heinrich I (*1437) 1460-1517 in Einbeck (younger line)
Heinrich II (*1467) 1517-22
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Lüneburg

In the North, Lüneburg:
Johann (*1242) 1269-1277
Otto II (*1267) 1277-1319
Johann II (*1296) 1319-69
united with Braunschweig-Einbeck
Heinrich (v. Einbeck) 1369-1408
united with Braunschweig-Gehrden
Ernst (of Gehrden) 1408-20
Ernst II (*1377) 1420-23
Ernst III (*1405) 1423-60
Bernhard I (*1433) 1460-84
Bernhard II (*1460) 1484-99
Bernhard III (*1489) 1499-1563
Ernst IV (*1520) 1563-71
end of state, united with Braunschweig-Hannover

Erich (*1526) 1563-85 in Hannover
Ernst V (*1558) 1585-1634
(continue under Denmark)

Important events:
1292: Einbeck (older line) split of Grubenhagen
1304-1309: Braunschweig War between Otto II the Just of Lüneburg and Albrecht II of Göttingen, who is said to be vying for the XXErbe of his 5 nephews.
1309: Calenberg split of Wolfenbüttel (elder line); Heinrich II of Wolfenbüttel (elder line) goes to Göttingen
1339: Göttingen inherits Wolfenbüttel (elder line)
1353: Gehrden (older line) split of Calenberg
1359: Wolfenbüttel (middle line) split of Göttingen
1369: Einbeck (older line) inherits Lüneburg
1400: Göttingen inherits Wolfenbüttel (middle line)
1408: Gehrden (older line) inherits Lüneburg-Einbeck
1420: Wolfenbüttel (younger line) split of Göttingen; Gehrden (younger line) split of Lüneburg
1421: Lüneburg inherits Gehrden (younger line)
1423: Lüneburg inherits Calenberg
1433: Northeim split of Göttingen
1441: Lüneburg inherits Grubenhagen
1460: Einbeck (younger line) split of Lüneburg
1473: Seesen split of Göttingen
1484: Göttingen inherits Northeim
1504: Blankenburg (older line) split of Wolfenbüttel (younger line)
1516: Wolfenbüttel (younger line) inherits Blankenburg (older line)
1519: Blankenburg (younger line) split of Wolfenbüttel (younger line)
1522: Lüneburg inherits Einbeck (younger line)
1529: Lüneburg inherits Göttingen
1563: Hannover split of Lüneburg
1566: Lüneburg inherits Seesen
1571: Hannover inherits Lüneburg
1585: Wolfenbüttel (younger line) inherits Blankenburg (younger line)
1588: Lüneburg inherits Wolfenbüttel (younger line)
1628: Double monarchy of Denmark-Braunschweig created

--

Dukes of Palatinate:
Ludwig II the Severe 1253-95
Ruprecht I (*1275) 1295-1327
Ruprecht II (*1299) 1327-52
Ludwig V (*1328) 1352-1401
split up:

Palatinate-Heidelberg:
Ludwig IX (*1355) 1401-30
Ruprecht IV (*1397) 1430/31
Ruprecht V (*1428) 1431-63
Ruprecht VI (*1460) 1463-89
(Simmern split of)
Ruprecht VII (*1485) 1489-1511
Ludwig XIV (*1510) 1511-62
Ludwig XV (*1537) 1562-68
Ludwig XVI (*1563) 1568-1624
Ludwig XVII (*1595) 1624-74
Ludwig (*1629 +1674)
Ludwig XVIII (*1662) 1674/94-1735
End of state, united with France or Palatinate-Neuburg?
French intermezzo:
Jean / Johann (*1720) 1735-44
Charles / Karl (*1725) 1744-56
End of state, united with Palatinate-Neuburg

Palatinate-Simmern:
Ludwig XIII (*1490) 1490-1567
End of state, united with Palatinate-Heidelberg

Palatinate-Sulzbach:
Ruprecht III (*1359) 1401-22
Ludwig X (*1392) 1422
End of state, united with Palatinate-Neuburg

Palatinate-Neuburg:
Konrad IV (*1368) 1401-38
Konrad VI (*1399) 1438-56
Cooperation of them: 1456-58
Konrad VII (*1426) 1458
Konrad VIII (*1456) 1458-1533
Konrad IX the Old / "da oide" (*1490) 1533-71
Konrad X (*1523) 1571-78
(Salzburg split of)
Konrad XI (*1556) 1578-1638
Franz (*1589 +1637)
Franz -> Franz I
Isabella (*1624 +1684)
Franz (*1648 +1692)
Franz (*1681 +1732)
Franz -> Franz III
Franz I (*1622) 1638-1713
Franz (*1655 +1680)
Isabella (*1657 +1730)
Franz (*1677 +1729)
Ruprecht (*1680 +1734)
Franz II (*1680) 1713-1765
Franz III (*1709) 1765-87
Franz IV (*1741) 1787/88

Bavaria-Salzburg:
Ruprecht VIII (*1560) 1578-1638
End of state, united with Palatinate-Neuburg

Dukes of Upper Bavaria:
Ludwig II the Severe 1253-95 (since 1275, also of Lower Styria)
Ottokar I (*1280) 1295-1347
Ottokar II (*1309) 1347-56
Cooperation of them: 1356-59

Bavaria-Munich:
Ottokar III (*1332) 1359-72
Ottokar IV (*1360) 1372-88
End of state, united with Bavaria-Ingolstadt
younger line:
Johann I (*1429) 1458-64
Johann II (*1460) 1464-1515
End of state, united with Bavaria-Deggendorf

Bavaria-Ingolstadt:
Ludwig VI (*1335) 1359-1413
End of state, united with Palatinate-Neuburg
younger line:
Ottokar VI (*1433) 1458-81
Ottokar VII (*1462) 1481-93
End of state, united with Bavaria-Munich

Lower Styria:
Otto V (*1343) 1359-1403
End of state, united with Upper Bavaria
younger line:
Ludwig XI (*1437) 1458-67
Ludwig XII (*1465) 1467-1544
End of state, united with Austria

Dukes of Lower Bavaria:
Heinrich XIII / I 1255-90
Otto III (*1261) 1290-1311 (1301-04 in Hungary)
Ludwig III 1290-96
Stephan 1290-1310
Heinrich XIV (Stephan's son) (*1306) 1310-66
Heinrich XV, Otto IV, Ludwig IV 1311-14

Bavaria-Straubing (older line):
Heinrich XV (*1284) 1314-23
younger line (now all of Lower Bavaria):
Heinrich XVI (*1339) 1359-84
(Landshut split of)
Heinrich XVII (*1367) 1384-1417
Konrad V (*1400) 1417-90
End of state, united with Bavaria-Munich

Bavaria-Landshut (older line):
Otto IV (*1288) 1314-32
younger line:
Ludwig VII (*1370) 1384-96
(Deggendorf split of)
Ottokar V (*1392) 1396-1470
Ottokar (*1420 +1464)
Ludwig (*1423) 1460 -> goes to Hungary
Otto V (*1451) 1470-87
End of state, united with Bavaria-Straubing

Bavaria-Deggendorf (older line):
Ludwig IV (*1291) 1314-19

younger line:
Ludwig VIII (*1394) 1396-1477
Heinrich XVIII (*1425) 1477-99
Heinrich XIX (*1457) 1499-1502
Heinrich XX (*1489) 1502-37
End of state, united with Palatinate-Neuburg

Important events:
1314: The first big split: Lower Bavaria divided into Bavaria-Straubing (older line), Bavaria-Deggendorf (older line), Bavaria-Landshut (older line).
1319: Bavaria-Deggendorf (older line) inherited by Bavaria-Landshut (older line).
1323: Lower Bavaria reunited as Bavaria-Straubing (older line) dies out.
1332: Lower Bavaria inherited by Ottokar I of Upper Bavaria.
1359: Bavaria split into the lines of Munich (older line), Ingolstadt (older line), Bavaria-Straubing (younger line) and Lower Styria.
1384: Bavaria-Landshut (younger line) split of Bavaria-Straubing (younger line).
1388: Bavaria-Munich (older line) inherited by Bavaria-Ingolstadt (older line).
1396: Younger line of Bavaria-Deggendorf split of Bavaria-Landshut (younger line).
1401: Palatinate split up into the lines of Heidelberg, Sulzbach, Neuburg.
1403: Lower Styria inherited by Bavaria-Ingolstadt (older line).
1413: Bavaria-Ingolstadt (older line) inherited by Palatinate-Neuburg.
1422: Palatinate-Sulzbach inherited by Palatinate-Neuburg.
1458: Bavaria split into Palatinate-Neuburg (younger line), Bavaria-Munich (younger line), Bavaria-Ingolstadt (younger line) and Lower Styria again.
1487: Bavaria-Landshut (younger line) inherited by Bavaria-Straubing (younger line).
1489: Palatinate-Simmern split of Palatinate-Heidelberg.
1490: Bavaria-Straubing (younger line) inherited by Bavaria-Munich (younger line).
1493: Bavaria-Ingolstadt (younger line) inherited by Bavaria-Munich (younger line).
1515: Upper Bavaria inherited by Bavaria-Deggendorf (younger line).
1537: Bavaria-Deggendorf (younger line) inherited by Palatinate-Neuburg (younger line), which becomes the main line.
1544: Lower Styria inherited by Austria (by contract, which also gave Salzburg to Bavaria).
1567: Palatinate-Simmern inherited by Palatinate-Heidelberg.
1578: Salzburg split of main Bavaria.
1638: Salzburg inherited by main Bavaria.
1674: Ludwig XVII of Palatinate-Heidelberg dies. His grandson, the heir, is only twelve years old.
1735: Line of Palatinate-Heidelberg dies out.
1765: Franz II dies without male heir in direct line, names the last successor of the daugther of his great-great-grandfather Konrad XI new duke.

--

Counts of Württemberg:

Ulrich II (*1254) 1265-79
Eberhard I (*1265) 1279-1325
Ulrich III (*1290) 1325-48
Ulrich IV (*1319) 1348-55
Ulrich V (*1346) 1355-92
Eberhard II (*1350) 1355-98
Ulrich VI (*1370) 1392-1420
Eberhard III (*1373) 1392-1450
Eberhard IV (*1375) 1398-1424
Ulrich VII (*1379) 1398-1439
Ulrich VIII (*1399, U6) 1420-36
Eberhard V (*1404, E4) 1424-80
Ulrich IX (*1431, U8) 1436-56 (+1488)
Ulrich X (*1428, U7) 1439-64
Eberhard VI (*1430, E) 1450-64
Ludwig I (*1457, U10) 1464-1503
Eberhard VII (*1461, E6) 1464-95
Ludwig II (*1485, L1) 1503-30
Ludwig III (*1512) 1530-58
Eberhard (*1514 +1565)
Eberhard (*1544 +1630)
Eberhard (*1576) -> Eberhard VIII
Ulrich (*1517 +1569)
Ulrich (*1548 +1629)
Ludwig IV (*1540) 1558-1620
Eberhard (*1544 +1589)
(Karl (*1573 +1604))
Karl (*1603 +1650)
Karl (*1631 +1682) -> Karl I
Eberhard VIII 1620-49
(Eberhard (*1610 +1639))
Eberhard IX (*1641) 1649-71
Eberhard (*1668) -> Eberhard X
Ludwig (*1670) -> Ludwig V
Karl I 1649-82
Karl II (*1666 +1757) 1682-94
Eberhard X 1694-1747
Ludwig V 1694-1727
Ludwig VI (*1696) 1727-72
Eberhard XI (*1701) 1727-71
Eberhard XII (*1696) 1747-49
Eberhard XIII (*1734) 1749-1800
Ludwig VII (*1728) 1772-1801
Ludwig VIII (*1759) 1801-16
End of state, united with Hungary

Important events:
1355: Double reign starts.
1392/98: Double reign extended to triple/quadruple reign.
1456: Ulrich IX removed from power for incompetence.
1480: Eberhard V, last descendant of Eberhard IV dies.
1485-95: Internal division into Württemberg-Stuttgart and Württemberg-Urach
1495: Ludwig I takes all power for himself, introduces primogeniture, making Württemberg a duchy
1511: Ludwig II inherits Styria, Carinthia and the titular rights for Austria
1515/46: Last descendants of Ulrich VI die.
1620: After the death of Ludwig IV, instead of his incompetent grandson Karl, his 2nd grade nephew Eberhard becomes new duke. He makes Württemberg a Grand Duchy.
1653/79: Last descendants of Eberhard III die.
1694: Karl II deposed, Eberhard X (his father is counted as Eberhard IX, although he never officially reigned) becomes new grand duke, together with his brother Ludwig V.
1772?: Württemberg becomes part of Helvetian republic, ducal family flees to Austria

--

Margraves of Brandenburg:
Otto IV (*1238) 1295-1309
Waldemar I (*1279) 1309-28
Heinrich II (*1307) 1328-80
Otto V (*1338) 1380-1410
Heinrich III (*1370) 1410-23
Otto VI (*1400) 1423-28 +1465
Otto VII 1428-60
Otto VIII (*1437) 1460-1500
Otto IX (*1470) 1500-07
Waldemar II (*1482) 1507-27
Waldemar III (*1505) 1527-41
Waldemar "Plutarch" IV (*1529) 1541-78
Waldemar "Cicero" V (*1560) 1578-1647
Heinrich IV (*1627) 1647-80

1680-1701: Collegial government of Sweden, Prussia and (1681 and since 1694) Franconia-Pomerania

Heinrich V (*1683) 1701-54
Albrecht IV (*1709) 1754-84 +1792

Important events:
1428: Otto VI deposed and replaced by his 3rd grade cousin who becomes Otto VII.
1507: After the death of (very bad) Otto IX, Waldemar II reigns instead of his nephews. "Golden Age" of Brandenburg starts (until 1680).
1511: Waldemar II inherits South Silesia by the Przemyslids.

--

Counts of Savoy:
Amadeus / Amedeo V "the Great" 1285-1323
Edward / Edoardo (*1272) 1323-50
Amadeus / Amedeo VI (*1300) 1350-54
Peter / Pietro III (*1329) 1354-1401
Thomas / Tommaso III (*1361) 1401-32
Thomas / Tommaso IV (*1392) 1432-68
Thomas / Tommaso V (*1449) 1468-80
Thomas / Tommaso VI (*1475) 1480-1506
Amadeus / Amedeo VII (*1463) 1482-1514
Humbert / Umberto IV (*1492) 1514-46
Philip / Filippo II (*1526) 1546-1603
Philip / Filippo (*1559 +1588)
Philip / Filippo III (*1589) 1603-31
Philip / Filippo IV (*1620) 1631-64
Philibert / Filiberto (*1627 +1653)
Philibert / Filiberto I (*1652) 1664-1705
Philibert / Filiberto II (*1681) 1705-13
Philibert / Filiberto III (*1706) 1713-79
Philibert / Filiberto (*1731 +1781)

--

Dukes of Pomerania:

Barnim I Dobry 1220-78
Barnim II (*1260) 1278-1341
Otto I (*1292) 1341-69
Kasimir III (*1323) 1369-79 (+1410)
Bogislav VI (*1326) 1369-85
Otto II (*1330) 1369-77
Svietobor I (*1355) 1385-88 (+1409)
Barnim III (*1361) 1388-1440
Georg I (*1394) 1440-69
Georg II (*1425) 1469-71
Barnim IV (*1453) 1471-99

Pomerania-Stettin:
Barnim V (*1480) 1499-1557
Barnim VI (*1514) 1557-62

Pomerania-Wolgast:
Joachim I (*1482) 1499-1559
Joachim (II) (*1517 +1544)

--
Landgraves of Hesse:

Heinrich I 1247-1310
Johann I (*1271) 1310/11
Herrmann II (*1302) 1311-50

Niederhessen:
Herrmann III (*1336) 1350-1411

Oberhessen:
Heinrich II (*1339) 1350-71
Otto I (*1370) 1363-1402
Otto II (*1396) 1402/11-22
Karl -> Hungary

Heinrich III (*1421) 1422-74
Karl I (*1453) 1474-1526
Karl II (*1487) 1526-61

Niederhessen:
Karl III (*1518) 1561-64
Otto III (*1549) 1564/80-1604

Oberhessen:
Heinrich IV (*1522) 1561-80

Philipp I (*1580) 1604-58

Niederhessen:
Philipp II (*1609) 1658-63

Oberhessen:
Otto (*1612 +1638)

Otto IV (*1637) 1658/63-86
Philipp III (*1667) 1686-1722

Otto V (*1700) 1722-78
Philipp IV (*1704) 1722-79
Philipp V (*1732) 1779-84 +1802

1347-1411, 1561-80, 1658-63: Division into Nieder- and Oberhessen
1432: Karl, younger brother of Otto II, elected king of Hungary

--

Counts of Nassau:
Walram II 1251-1276
Adolf I (*1250?) 1276-1330
RupVII (*1282) 1330-57
Adolf II (*1315) 1357-66
Walram III (*1343) 1366-94
Adolf III (*1346) 1394-1419
Kraft I (*1377) 1419-25
Adolf IV (*1406) 1425-51
Kraft II (*1434) 1451-1510
Kraft III (*1464) 1510-32
Kraft IV (*1496) 1532-45
Engelbert I (*1525) 1545-73
Engelbert II (*1556) 1573-1623
Ignaz I (*1585) 1623-49
Ignaz II (*1616) 1649-89
Ignaz III (*1648) 1689-1703
Ignaz IV (*1679) 1703-34
Adolf Ignaz I (*1712) 1734-77 (+1797)
Adolf Ignaz II (*1756) 1777-1830

--
Konrad IV
Burgraves of Hohenzollern:
Friedrich III (*~1220) 1261-1297
Johann I (*1279) 1297-1335
Friedrich (*1285 +1360)
Johann (*1317 +1363)
Friedrich -> Friedrich V
Friedrich IV (*1308) 1335-96
Friedrich V (*1346) 1396-1429
Johann II (*1388) 1429-61

Ansbach:
Johann III (*1417) 1461-69
Friedrich VI (*1447) 1469-1503
Johann (*1452) -> Johann V
Johann VI (*1479) 1503-51
Friedrich (*1482 +1529)
Johann -> Johann VII

Bayreuth:
Friedrich (*1421 +1455)
Johann IV (*1450) 1461-94
Johann V 1494-1531

Johann VII (*1513) 1531/51-86
Friedrich VII (*1545) 1586-1633
Johann VIII (*1580) 1633-56

Pomerania:
Friedrich VIII (*1587) 1633-42

United again:
Johann IX (*1619) 1656-81

1681-94: Collegial government of Sweden, Prussia

Friedrich IX (*1660) 1694-1739
Johann Friedrich (*1724) 1739-73
Friedrich Johann (*1752) 1773-93 (+1804)

--

Counts / Dukes of Jülich(-Berg):
Wilhelm IV 1219-78
Walram I 1278-97
Wilhelm VI (*1267) 1297-1349
Gerhard VII (*1298) 1349-68
Walram II (*1327) 1349-83
Adolf I (*1355) 1383-1409
Adolf II (*1386) 1409-75
Adolf III (*1418) 1475-77
Adolf IV (*1447) 1477-1506
Walram III (*1475) 1506-53
Wilhelm VII (*1502) 1553-76
Engelbert I (*1505) 1553-60
Eduard I (*1509) 1553-83
Reinald I (*1528) 1553-81
Walram IV (*1533) 1560-94
Reinald II (*1559) 1581-1603
Walram V (*1561) 1594
Engelbert II (*1564) 1594-99
Walram VI (*1592) 1603-51
Engelbert III (*1593) 1603-22
Engelbert IV (*1620) 1622-38 (+1693)
Walram VII (*1618) 1651-62
Karl (Engelbert) (*1625) 1651-77
Franz I (*1657) 1677-1711
Franz II (*1691) 1711-50

Franz III (*1723) 1750-73
Franz IV (*1754 +1799) 1773-84

--

Counts of Berg:
Adolf V 1259-96
Wilhelm I 1296-1308
Adolf VI 1308-51
Gerhard I (*1305) 1351-76
end of state, united with Jülich

--

Dukes / electors of Saxony-Wittenberg:
Albrecht II (*~1250) 1261-98
Johann I (*1277) 1298-1330
Albrecht III (*1281) 1298-1358
Albrecht IV (*1306) 1330-93
Erich I (*1310) 1330-71
Johann II (*1309) 1358-66
Johann III (*1337) 1366-1404
Albrecht V (*1340) 1366-89
Erich II (*1368) 1404-17
Johann IV (*1372) 1404-17
Erich III (*1399) 1417-30 (+1466)
Johann V (*1403) 1417-38
Heinrich I (*1432) 1438-83
Heinrich II (*1461) 1483-1543
Heinrich III (*1492) 1543-78
Heinrich IV (*1544) 1578-1619
Heinrich V (*1573) 1619-41
Heinrich VI (*1601) 1641-48
Magnus (*1606) 1648-85
end of state, reunited with Brandenburg-Silesia

Dukes of Saxony-Lauenburg:
Johann I (*1247) 1261-86
Albrecht I (*1273) 1286-1314
end of state, reunited with Saxony-Wittenberg

1381: Roman king Albrecht of Saxony has to resign.
1423-30: Erich III tries to get rid of his brother Johann V, until he's exiled in 1430. Otto VI of Brandenburg is also involved in a bad way.


--

Count Palatines of Saxony:
Heinrich III 1242-1265
Albrecht II 1265-1314
Diezmann I (*1283) 1314-37
Friedrich IV 1337-46
Albrecht III (*1302) 1346-81
Albrecht IV (*1336) 1381-89
Diezmann IV 1389-1403
(see below)

Margraves of Meissen, Lower Lusatia:
Heinrich III 1221-1288
Albrecht II (*1240) 1288-1314
Diezmann (*1264 +1289)
Diezmann -> Diezmann I, Friedrich -> Friedrich V, Konrad -> Konrad III
Friedrich V (*1285) 1314-35
Konrad III (*1288) 1314-32
Friedrich IV 1335-46
Diezmann II 1346-57
Friedrich VI (*1327) 1357-74
Diezmann IV (*1355) 1374-1403
Friedrich IX (*1384) 1403-61
Diezmann VII (*1416) 1461-95
Diezmann (*1444 +1493)
Sigismund (*1451) 1495-98
Friedrich XIV (*1447) 1495-1526

Margraves of Thuringia:
Heinrich III 1242-1265
Albrecht II 1265-1314
Friedrich IV (*1260) 1314-1346
Diezmann II (*1299) 1346-57
Diezmann III (*1332) 1357-1408
Friedrich X (*1364) 1408-45

Thuringia-Weimar:
Friedrich (*1396 +1427)
Friedrich XII (*1426) 1445-1512
Diezmann (*1459 +1505)
Diezmann IX (*1493) 1512-40
Georg I (*1524) 1540-1611
Georg (*1556 +1603)
Georg II (*1587) 1611-32
Georg III (*1618) 1632-1692
Georg IV (*1650) 1692-99
Georg V (*1681) 1699-1750
Georg (*1720 +1750)

Thuringia-Altenburg:
Diezmann V (*1400) 1445
Diezmann VI (*1429) 1445-79
Diezmann VIII (*1457) 1479-1546
Friedrich XVI (*1494) 1546-80
Friedrich XVII (*1533) 1580-1622
end of state, inherited by Weimar

Thuringia-Coburg:
Albrecht (*1403 +1427)
Friedrich XIII (*1461) 1479-1500
Friedrich XV (*1495) 1500-1589
end of state, inherited by Altenburg

Margraves of Mark Landsberg, Osterland:
Dietrich IV (*1242) 1265-86
Friedrich III (*1268) 1286-1319
Dietrich V (*1293) 1319

Mark Landsberg:
Dietrich VI (*1315) 1319-61
Friedrich VII (*1343) 1361-92

Osterland:
Balthasar I (*1318) 1319-84

(inseparable
Dietrich VII (*1363) 1392-1437
Friedrich VIII (*1366) 1392-1442
Dietrich IX (*1395) 1442-44
Dietrich X (*1424) 1444-1506
Wilhelm I (*1399) 1442-73
Balthasar IV (*1406) 1442
Balthasar V (*1431) 1442-81
Dietrich XI (*1460) 1481-1521
Dietrich XII (*1492) 1521-65 -> continue below
Balthasar VI (*1497) 1521-53
Balthasar (*1526 +1587)
Albrecht (*1556 +1590)
Balthasar (*1584 +1619)
Balthasar -> Balthasar VII
Dietrich (*1588 +1635)
Dietrich (*1623 +1654)
Dietrich (*1528 +1554)
Albrecht (*1531 +1618)
Ernst (*1534 +1613)
Ernst (*1566 +1628)
Ernst (*1597 +1669)
Ernst (*1627 +1651)
Balthasar (*1652 +1714)
Ernst (*1687 +1778)

Otto IV (*1463) 1481-1506
Otto V (*1496) 1506-30
Balthasar II (*1368) 1392-1423
Otto III (*1371) 1392-1420

united again:
Dietrich XIII (*1523) 1565-70
Dietrich XIV (*1552) 1570-1627
Dietrich XV (*1589) 1627-43
Balthasar VII (*1620) 1643-55
Balthasar VIII (*1649) 1655-1723
Balthasar IX (*1680) 1723-61
Balthasar X (*1713) 1761-68
Balthasar XI (*1745) 1768-86


Important events:
1265: Wettin lands divided between Heinrich III, Albrecht II "the Degenerate" and Dietrich IV.
1273: No third son for Heinrich III.
1288: Margraves of Meissen goes to Albrecht II, Lower Lausatia to Friedrich III.
1306: Lower Lusatia lost to Brandenburg.
1335/37: Most Wettin lands united by Friedrich IV.
1357: Meissen and Thuringia seperated between Diezmann III and Friedrich VI.
1392: Division / co-government of Mark Landsberg / Osterland. Leading to increasing chaos since 1437/42/44.
1445: Division of Thuringia into the lines of Weimar, Altenburg and Coburg.
1526: Mark of Meissen and Saxon Palatinate inherited by Thuringia-Weimar.
1529: Dietrich XII introduces primogeniture for Mark Landsberg, Osterland.
1589: Thuringia-Coburg inherited by Altenburg.
1622: Thuringia-Altenburg inherited by Weimar.
1643: Line of Balthasar comes to power in Mark Landsberg / Osterland
1750: Thuringian line dies out, inherited by Balthasar IX ("lucky bastard")

--

Dukes of Mecklenburg: (Obotrites dynasty)
Albrecht II the Great (*1318) 1329-77
Heinrich III (*1339) 1377-87
Albrecht III (*1341) 1377/78 +1393
Albrecht IV (*1362) 1387-1415
Heinrich IV (*1385) 1415-44
Albrecht V (*1411) 1444-68

Stargard sideline:
Johann I 1329-90
Johann II (*1338) 1390-98
Ulrich I (*1340) 1390-1416
Albrecht I (*1343) 1390-92
Ulrich II (*1396) 1416-25
Albrecht II (*1399) 1416-57
Ulrich III (*1421) 1425-78
Albrecht III (*1424) 1425-60
Albrecht IV (*1424) 1457/58
Ulrich IV (*1428) 1457-76
Albrecht V (*1453) 1460-98
Magnus I (*1455) 1476-1532
Magnus II (*1486) 1532-42
Magnus III (*1514) 1542-92
Albrecht VI (*1519) 1542-1601
Albrecht VII 1592-1600
continued under Sweden

Werle sideline:
Nikolaus II 1283-1316
Johann II 1316-37
Johann III 1316-50
Bernhard II (*1314) 1337-71
Johann IV (*1317) 1337-72
Nikolaus III (*1328) 1350-53
Johann V (*1338) 1371-78
Lorenz (*1342) 1372-89
Johann VI (*1365) 1378-99
Christoph (*1391) 1399-1453
Johann VII (*1418) 1453-1502
Albrecht VI (*1449) 1502-21

--

Dukes of Prussia
(Until 1522: Hochmeister)

Dietrich I 1522-65
Dietrich II 1565-70
Dietrich III 1570-1627
Dietrich IV 1627-43

Balthasar I 1643-55
Balthasar II 1655-1723
Balthasar III 1723-61
Balthasar IV 1761-68
Balthasar V 1768-86

Civil War 1786-94

end of state, conquest by Russia

--

History of science in the first half of the 19th century:

General state of the art:

Western Europe: Railroad, photography, microphone, gas lighting, modern cement, sewing machine, bicycle, vulcanized rubber, hygiene in medicine invented. France makes progresses in archeology.

Russian lands: Many chemical elements discovered.

Islamic World: A Persian astronomer discovers Neptune.

India: Quite some new mathematical ideas in Kerala (again). Sorry for missing details.

China: After the first Ming emperor made China adapt state-of-the-art European technology, under his successors science stagnates again - a big problem, since the development in Europe is now going faster than ever.

--

And now a big retcon for West Africa (I just wanted some kingdoms gain the upper hand here, but then I simulated the whole history of conquest. If it's too long for you, just look at the map at the end of the post. MEJ should be happy - I guess there never wasn't that much AH about Africa, except Draka and Egypt):
Early 1700s: After the defeat of the Portuguese makes the waters of West Africa safer for Muslims ships, Songhay sends ships to the Kongo kingdoms, starting trade and cultural exchange.

1712: Joao de Gouveia, son of a fled Portuguese nobleman and his African mistress, becomes self-proclaimed king of the Ijaw people in the Niger delta.

1717: Sherbro people (coast of OTL Sierra Leone) united.

1721: Kingdom of Lomé (OTL Togo) established.

1722: Joao de Gouveia conquers the Ibibio people.

1724: Kingdom of Kamsar (OTL Guinea) established.

1727: Kingdom of Douala (OTL Cameroon) established.

1728: João de Gouveia killed, but he has a precedence set.

1730: Kingdom of Dida (OTL Ivory Coast) established.

1732: Kingdom of Ibo (OTL South Nigeria) established.

1733-36: Spain and Songhay fight a war. The Songhay have to fight with outdated weapons, but their numerical superiority and the hard climate give them victory. France also helps them with advisors and selling modern weapons.

1734: Kingdom of Sekondi-Takoradi (OTL Ghana) established.

1736: Kingdom of Bafatá (OTL Guinea-Bissau) established. Gouveia's kingdom falls apart, as the Ibibio people become independent.

1737: Raymundo Pires takes power of the Krou people (OTL SW Ivory Coast - he is half Krou), goes on conquering the Neyo, Bakwe and Godie people in the next years.

1738: Kingdom of Lomé extends north, along the Mono river.

1739: Sherbro kingdom attacks Portuguese stronghold on Bonthe. Portuguese ask Mende people north of Sherbro for help, who defeat the latter, but are thought by the Portuguese to become too dangerous themselves, so they support the Temne people, who'll fight the Mende.

1740: Ibibio people conquer the Ekoi.
Ewe kingdom of Abomey in OTL S Benin established.

1741: Kingdom of Yaoundé (OTL Cameroon) established.
José Damiano takes Accra, expands north, where he meets the resistance of the Ashanti.

1742: Kingdom of Labé (OTL Guinea) established.

1743: Kingdom of Igbira (OTL Nigeria) established. At the site where the Benue river meets Niger river, it becomes strategically very important.
Kingdom of Abe (OTL Ivory Coast) established, which soon also conquers the Akie.

1744: Abomey kingdom expands north, along Oueme river.

1745: Kingdom of Gbarnga (OTL Liberia) established.
Kingdom of Limba (OTL Sierra Leone) established.

1746: Raymundo Pires loses a border war against the Malinke people, after having conquered the We, who become independent again.
Kingdom of Sokodé (OTL Togo) established.
Temne-Mende war ends.

1747: After being theatened by Raymundo Pires, Gouro people make another adventurer king.
Kingdom of Agno (OTL Ivory Coast) established.
Igbira allies with Nupe against native Yoruba kingdoms.

1748: Kingdom of Tiv (OTL Nigeria, east of Igbira) established.
Raymundo Pires dies, non-Krou secede again.

1749: Kingdom of Ho (OTL Ghana, east bank of Volta river) established.
Abomey kingdom takes Savé.

1750: Kingdom of Baoule (OTL Ivory Coast) established.
Kingdom of Jukun (OTL Nigeria) established.

1751: Igbira attacked by Idoma, but can defend successfully.
Kingdom of Macenta (OTL Guinea) established.

1752: Idoma attack Igbira again, this time with the help of Igala, but again without success.
Kingdom of Suyani (OTL Ghana) established.

1753: Sokodé and Abomey kingdoms clash.
Kingdom of Ngaoundérè (OTL Cameroon) established.

1754: We defend against attack of Gbarnga.
Kingdom of Toura and Dan (OTL Ivory Coast) established.

1755: After allying with the kingdom of Tiv, Idoma and Igala beat Igbira, but leave after getting tribute paid.
Kingdom of Gwari (OTL Nigeria) established.

1756: Igbira kingdom builds the fortress of Lokoja, which controlls the place where the Benue river meets Niger river. Thus, Songhay is cut off from the sea and has to pay a toll.
Kingdom of Senoufo (OTL Ivory Coast) established.
Baoule clashes with Gouro.

1757: Igbira denies paying tribute, coalition of Tiv, Idoma and Igbala defeated before Lokoja.
Kingdom of Tamale (OTL Ghana) established.

1758: Kingdom of Koranko (OTL Sierra Leone) established.
Ashanti defeat against attack of Ho and Accra kingdoms, hold the line of Pra river.

1759: Igbira attacked by the coalition again, but defends with success.
Kingdom of Borim (OTL Nigeria) established.
Bete conquer Bakwe.

1760: Kingdom of Bertoua (OTL Cameroon) established.
Border clash of Labé with Songhay.

1761: Kingdom of Koulango (OTL Ivory Coast) established.
Malinke fight against Senoufo.
War between Yaounde and Douala.

1762: Kingdom of Bauchi (OTL Nigeria) established.
Akie (OTL Ivory Coast) conquered and divided between Abe and Agno.

1763: Igbira conquers Igala.
Kingdom of Garoua (OTL Cameroon) established.
Kingdom of Dioula (OTL Ivory Coast) established.

1764: Kingdom of Margi (OTL Nigeria) established.
Dida conquers Godie.
Songhay defeats Macente, forces them to pay tribute.

1765: Kingdom of Kono (OTL Sierra Leone) established.
Tiv conquer Bamenda (OTL Cameroon).

1766: Kingdom of Loba (OTL Ivory Coast) established.
Krou conquer Neyo again.
Malinke fight against Toura and Dan.

1767: Kingdom of Wa (OTL Ghana) established.
Baoule conquers Gouro.

1768: Kingdom of Kamberi (OTL Nigeria) established.
Igbira conquers their old enemy, Idoma.
Dida conquered by Abe.

1769: Kingdom of Maroua (OTL Cameroon) established.
Kono-Koranko War.

1770: Kingdom of Kanuri (OTL Nigeria) established.
Bafatá conquers Labé.
Ashanti defeat Sunyani, get tribute.

1771-73: Costly war between Malinke and Senoufo.

1772: Kingdom of Tenkodogo (OTL Burkina Faso) established.
Temne conquer Koranko.

1774: Yoruba make border war against Edo.

1775: Kingdom of Dedougou (OTL Burkina Faso) established.
Lomé conquers Sokodé.

1776: Temne conquer Kono.

1778: Baoule conquers Senoufo.

1781: Songhay conquers Gwari.

1782: Songhay attacks Igbira, besieges Lokoja. Idoma become independent again.

1783: Songhay retreats, when uprisings in other provinces begin.

1786: Igbira reconquers Idoma.

1788: Jukun and Songhay divide Bauchi.

1792: British troops land in Australia (OTL South Africa). They storm several cities and fortresses of the Söderlinger, but have to give them back after the end of the war.
Kamsar attacks Temne, but are beaten back.

1795-97: Yoruba make war against Igbira, but the latter again defend successfully. Uprisings of Idoma defeated.

1796: Temne conquer Limba.

1800: Dioula conquered by Baoule.

Early 1800s: Ashanti expand north, to Black Volta river.

1804: Igbira unite with Nupe.

1809: Wa conquer Loba.

1811: Ashanti conquer Sekondi-Takoradi.

1815: Igbira conquer Ibo.

1817: Baoule conquer Agno with Abe help.

1820: Ho conquered by Lomé.

1824: Igbira conquer Tiv, with help by Douala, which gets Bamenda.

1827: Baoule conquer Dida, get a harbor.

1831/32: Ashanti attack Accra, reduce it to the area around the capital.

1836: Douala conquers Yaoundé.

1839/40: Igbira conquer Gwari and Borim.

Legend of the map:
B. = Bafata
Tem. = Temne
Mal. = Malinke
Ash. = Ashanti
L. = Lomé
A. = Abomey
Yor. = Yoruba kingdoms
Kan. = Kanuri
Dou. = Douala

The thin green line marks the southern border of Songhay. The blue lands are under direct control of Portuguese traders (yes, mostly slave traders).

@Mikey: Yes, why aren't the European powers more active in Africa? Until the Triple Monarchy of England-Castille-Portugal fell apart, it was their turf (to be specific: Portugal's turf); and until the anti-French War, it was still respected as Portugal's property. Since three major slaveholding powers (Spain, France, Italy) also had the possibility to enslave Arabs, they saw no need to conquer bigger parts of Africa alone for slaves. And why aren't they now more active? Let's see:

Russia: One of the strongest powers world-wide, but suffers under the fact that they don't have access to the Atlantic - the Swedes control the Sund, the Seljuks the Bosphorus. They're stronger in the Pacific, but given their adherence / admiration for China, this is where their main interest lies.

Germany: Until recently, split into weak states and under French domination. Had no time yet to engage in Africa.

France: Still a strong power on the continent, but lost its navy (marine officers were mostly noblemen - the old problem) during the revolution.

Spain: Under French domination; navy lost or fled to Morocco / Atlantis.

Britain: Got their ass whupped by the Imperial Roman navy during anti-British war. Now Britain is a republic too, and the royalist ships have fled to the Pacific.

New Rome: The third strong power in Europe, but they have other interests: Atlantis (traditionally), North Africa, and for trade, South Asia.

Sweden: Too weak. Happy to have Australia (that'S OTL South Africa).

German Atlantis and Argentinien, and Canada: Young powers, mostly continental.

And yes, the railroad is invented - but even Britain started building them in the 1830s only, so you can't expect them in 1840's Africa already.

The World, 1840-60:

Rest of the World:
Retcon:
1839: After king George I arrived in New Albion, his admiral Carleton swears to retake Britain for the monarchy. The admiral collects the British navy in the Pacific, goes to the North Sea, prepares for a strike against London.

1842: Temne conquer Macenta (OTL Guinea).

1847: Jukun have to pay tribute to Igbira.

1849: Potato crisis in Ireland. Many of them emigrate to Antipodia (OTL Australia), which population more than doubles in short time. Until then, the Irish already had the clear population majority in Antipodia's thinly settled North, South and West, and a smaller majority (60%) in the South-East, but now they clearly outnumber the English everywhere.

1850: Irish rebel in Antipodia, kick out the English, who only keep control of OTL Tasmania. The continent is renamed Tir Tairngire (non-Irish people prefer to speak of Tirland, however).

1851: Douala conquers Bertoua (both OTL Cameroon).

1854: Ashanti conquer Wa, Loba become shortly independent again.

1856: First Irish pope (named Patricius I, like all of them) elected in Antipodia. He announces that "a Time of Humbleness has come for the Holy Roman Catholic Church... now we will live and meditate in the desert, like the old patriarchs and eremits once did, until the day when God decides to smile upon us again". This marks the beginning of the Irish-Catholic church.

1858: Loba conquered by Baoule.

1859: Canadian president Jacob Andrews gives the remains of the British Pacific fleet a new home in Canada, thus gaining the core of a professional navy, which can even rival those of New Rome and Russia.

Western Europe:
1840: After having sailed to Swedish Helgoland, admiral Carleton strikes when the "divine wind" blows the right way. The completely surprised republican government has the workers of London armed to defend them.

1841: Second English revolution. After the defeat of the admiral, Socialist leader and former bartender Charles Pounder takes power in London, declares the "People's State of England".

1841-44: Second English Civil War. With the help of the rail workers, the Socialists gain the upper hand against monarchists and moderated republicans; many of the latter flee to Canada, of the former to New Albion (including the highest clerics, who soon decide to move with the pope to bigger Antipodia, however).
The land of the crown and the nobles is divided between the small peasants and land workers; in the cities, the workers take control of the factories. The Bank of England and other government offices are taken over by the Socialist leadership.

1846: Socialists overwhelm last resistors in Scotland, Wales and Ireland, adding them to their sphere of influence.

1847: Emperor Alessandro dies, having appointed the governor of Milan successor, who becomes emperor Benedetto.

1848: Charles Pounder sits over the first "all-British Round", the quasi-parliament. All the factions of Socialist Britain are represented here: The peasants, the workers, the artisans, the soldiers and sailors, the government workers, the pro-Socialist priests, and the teachers and doctors, the only intellectual professions.
During the next years, they give Socialist Britain a new constitution, introduce conscription as a part of the new "People's Army" and start government work.

1853: Emperor Benedetto dies. Some suspect the Russians behind it. Before his death, he appointed the governor of Turin new emperor Ludovico, who'll prove to be exceptionally competent.
After the end of the war, British factories can't sell arms anymore. Socialists triple the prices for many industrial products, to "let the monetarists bleed dry" (and live a better life). For short time, this works out, since Britain was the highest industrialized country of the world; but then, the other countries have learned enough to take up the British advance, built their own factories, and British exports plummet.

1857: Young Tom Liverpool (an orphan) invents a primitive telephone in Socialist Britain. He has to find out that he doesn't get very much for his invention, although the Socialist government uses it.

Eastern Europe:

1846: Bohemian crisis when Russia stations troops there. Germany, Sweden ally with New Rome against Russia.

1848-52: Allied Germanies, Sweden, Canada, Seljuks and New Rome fight Anti-Russian War. Although the population of the two Russias is higher than all its opponents combined, they soon face themselves in trouble: After their standing armies are defeated by their opponents armed with the modern needle guns, it takes a long time to arm, train and transport new soldiers to the front. Being cut off from imports, their soldiers are badly equipped. One century ago the Telegraph made Russia the most progressed nation on Earth, now the Chunkvophiles in the government who only think about stability can't handle a war against industrialized nations. Unrests among the peasants and the occupied nations (Poland, Choresm) finally tip the balance against Russia.
Socialist Britain sells arms to the allies, making a lot of money.

1852: In the peace of Constantinople, Prussia becomes German. Poland, Greater Bohemia and Hungary leave the Russian sphere of influence. Seljuks take Pontus and Thrace back. The thinly settled hinterland of Russian Atlantis goes to Canada (which gains access to the Pacific) and German Atlantis, the Great Desert (the lands between Snake river, Colorado river, Sierra Nevada and Rockies - about OTL Utah and Nevada) to New Rome. Finland and Estonia become Swedish again. In the following decades however, Poland, Bohemia and even Hungary will become German satellites, which is anything New Rome had planned...

1850s: After the humiliating defeat, Russia decides to modernize, building railroads and factories.

Atlantis:

1840: Gold Rush in Northern California. People from all parts of Northern and Central Atlantis try their luck - Spaniards, Russians, Germans, Italians, even English- and French-speaking Canadians, Mexica, other native Atlanteans, and run-away Arab and African slaves. The population of the area explodes from 50,000 (mostly Russians) to more than a quarter of a million. In fact, many Russian-settled lands in Atlantis are depopulated by the rush.

1841: Formerly Spanish California added to New Rome.

1843: Isthmus of Central Atlantis occupied by New Rome.

1845/46: Mexico conquered by New Rome, which now governs all of Atlantis except for Canada and the lands of the Germans and Russians.

1852: North California with its mixed population becomes independent, forming a buffer between Germany, Russia and New Rome.

1854: Canada founds Vancouver (same place as OTL), starts building a Pacific fleet.

Middle East:

Retcon:
1827: After committing a scandalous act, sultan Kay Khusrau XI is deposed by the Wali (prime minister) and beheaded. This act strengthens the Jumhuriya movement (which proposes an Islamic republic, and connects political Islam with Seljuk nationalism).

1840/41: Uprising of Orthodox Greeks in Pontus. South Russia interferes, takes the province. Nationalist-religious movement comes to power in Seljuk lands, ends the sultanate, makes life harder for minorities.

1840s: Many Jews of the Seljuk republic leave for the Sinai, where they can live under New Roman protection.

1847: Emperor Benedetto has the new state of Judea proclaimed, giving the Jews officially independence.

1851: Great uprising in Russian-occupied Choresm. The Southern army loses control over the biggest part of the country.

1853-58: Russians return to Choresm, defeat Muslim rebels. Their commander Pyotr "the Terrible" Nesterov has their irrigation structures destroyed, crippling Choresmian economy for indefinite time.

East Asia:

Retcon:
1792: Brits take Swedish Ceylon, as a revenge for Sweden fighting along France's side.

1841: China conquers Tungning (OTL Taiwan) back.

1842: The Himalaya states (Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Kashmir) accept China's authority again, after Tibet did so in 1829 already.

1850s: Uprisings in China (influenced by ideas brought in by Christian missionaries) get out of control. Fifth Ming emperor toppled.

1858: Pegu becomes a New Roman protectorate.

Stories:
I didn't forget it... [post=875197]here's an article about France[/post]!
For the Antipodians: About [post=915399]a little kingdom[/post]
[post=924762]Musings about (Russian) Atlantis[/post]

@Constantinople: The Catholic church *in the tradition of the old popes*, yes. However, OTOH reformation didn't split the church, but came gradually - during the 15th/16th century, the bible was translated, priests started preaching in common tongues, princes gained the power the appoint bishops and secularized the church's property. After 1700, even the doctrine could be changed by the kings and dukes, if they didn't go too far (see my example about Nippon, where the tenno became head of the Nipponese church). So, theoretically, all Christians in Western Europe are Catholic... but Catholicism looks very different in every country, and the Germans, Poles and Scandinavians have stopped caring about the pope long time ago. I'll work out more details after I conclude the TL.

The pope returned to Rome from Avignon for some time after 1694... but in between the French king managed to take him back to Avignon again (see retcon below)!

The New Roman Empire has the Imperial Catholic church, the emperor is the head of. No more pope there, although the old buildings in Rome are still used, and the Imperial Catholic church looks very much like the old one - which is why it was accepted by then population.

I'll make a map soon, probably after the update next week.

About the Greeks... I've given them some thought. But you won't like the result, probably.

@Communist Wizard: Thanks. The Socialists would certainly hope for it - but they have all the powers on the continent against them, esp. the Germans.


And here's the update, folks:
The World, 1860-80:
Atlantis:
Retcon:
Early 1800s: Anti-slavery movement starts to rise in German Atlantis, later spreads to Canada, even later to Argentinien.


1861: First Transatlantean railroad finished in German Atlantis.

1862: Tom Liverpool flees from Britain to Canada, settles in Kingsburgh, becoming one of the world's most famous inventors.

1870s: Anti-slavery movement takes influence on government in German Atlantis (and to some lesser extent in Canada). This will lead to detoriating relations to Guinea, Braseal and later even New Rome.

1870: Braseal (used by New Rome as an exile colony for all kinds of resistors - Italian republicans, French and Spanish monarchists and nationalists, Inca nobles, anti-Imperial Catholics and other Christian minorities, Arab and Berb resistors, ordinary criminals, separatists of all kinds, defeated Indians) rises against New Roman Empire. Emperor Ludovico decides to grant them independence, and they go in peace. Given the ethnic mix of Braseal (there are descendants of the original English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish settlers; of French, Spaniards, Italians, Portuguese, Catalanians, Basques and Bretons; of Arabs and Berbs, both slaves and free people; of Mexicans, Quechua and other native Atlanteans; of exiled Indians; and of black slaves of many different West African people), nobody expects anything but chaos to develop out of it. Indeed, the country falls into civil war; in the cities, the various ethnics street- and housefight each other, while on the countryside, every latifundia owner becomes a little king, and many slaves flee into the jungle.

1871: Germans in Argentinien construct "Der Zaun" (the Fence), a barbed wire fence along the border to Braseal, fearing that violence could swap over to them.

1873: A French man named Louis Philippe (in Braseal French: Lui Filip) in New London (later called Novolondon - OTL Salvador) who claims to be the heir of the French and Spanish royal families and can even present some of the (real!) French and Spanish crown jewels is declared king/emperor of Braseal, although his followers only control parts of the later capital.

1876: After defeating the Italian and Muslim bands of the capital, Lui Filip takes control of the whole province.

1880: Lui Filip controls one third of the coast of Braseal.


Western Europe:
Retcon:
1738: King Francois VI of France manages to smuggle pope Innocent from Rome to Avignon. The Italian king protests, but can't change it.

1841: Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands form the Mitteleuropäischer Zollverein (Central European Custom Union), also making the German Thaler common currency. Later the MEZV is joined by Greater Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, who start to approximate Germany, if only for the fear of Russia.


1860s: Industrial revolution changes the face of continental Europe and North Atlantis. The products made soon exceed British wares in quality and price, although the Socialist government had to lower prices already.

1860/61: First French-Roman War. France has to cede Savoy and Nice to New Rome, let Andalusia and Portugal leave its sphere of influence. The Andalusians soon accept the charismatic Ludovico as emperor.

1870s: Socialist government restarts piracy to make up for the loss of money from exports. German, French, Canadian and New Roman ships are attacked and plundered. This leads to a great anti-Socialist sentiment in these states, especially in Germany, which makes advocates for a responsible welfare policy practically outcasts. Still, many workers join the Socialist cause.

1872-74: Second French-Roman War. All of Catalonia ceded to New Rome, Castille also changes into New Roman camp. Toledo declared Second Capital of New Roman Empire. Basque lands stay French.
In this war, Indian soldiers were used by New Rome for the first time in a European war.

1877: Emperor Ludovico has the Castillians attack the Portuguese republic, making it another New Roman satellite.

1879: In the Scandinavian elections, a coalition of Social Democrats, Socialists and left republicans gains the majority. Germany fears the Socialist threat, invades, topples the king and makes Scandinavia a satellite republic.


Eastern Europe:
1860: All literate peasants in Novorossiya owning land get the right to vote in elections. The countryside has a representation for the first time, after the country was dominated by the cities for centuries.

1864: After emperor Ludovico has met the Czar of South Russia and even married one of his daughters to a prince in Kiev, South Russia and New Rome ally against the Muslim powers, Persia and the Seljuk Jumhuriya.

1870s: The first Water Power Plants are built along Russia's mighty rivers.

1879: Novorossiya uses the opportunity to reclaim/-annex Finland and Estonia in Scandinavia.


East Asia:
Retcon:
1820s: King Gioacchino starts hiring Indian soldiers to improve control over his vast empire.

1842: British Ceylon becomes independent again, confident that the Brits won't return.


1859: Emperor Ludovico takes Ceylon, laying the foundation for his Indian empire.

1872-79: Novorossiya invades China, takes Peking, brings the north under its control. The rest of China is divided among warlords.

1874: Canadians land in Java, claim the Spice Islands.

1876-80: When Vijayanagar falls into Civil War, emperor Ludovico decides to interfere. Since the first contact 75 years ago, Italians have learned Indian languages, advised local rulers and trained Indians. Now they can use their knowledge to bring the land under their control, making half of India a New Roman protectorate. Indians who resist are shipped to Braseal. By playing out the various groups against each other, the Empire can keep "the most valuable jewel in the crown" under control. Over the decades, Indian soldiers are transplanted into other parts of the Empire.

1879: Canada allies with Hong China, slowly brings OTL Philippines under its control.


Muslim world:
Retcon:
1820s: An independence movement develops in rural Greece (supported by Russians, often via the Orthodox church). The cities, however, stay firmly in Seljuk hand - 250 years with a printing press have assimilated most of the upper and upper middle class.

1850s/60s: After the Russian defeat in the Anti-Russian War, Seljuks become harsh (bordering genocide) on the Greeks - hundreds of thousands, if not millions of Greeks are displaced from their villages and resettled by force in other parts of the empire, mostly central Anatolia. Many thousands of them die on their way, or resisting the better armed and organized Seljuks.


1860s: Shiite uprisings in Persia bring the Pashtun dynasty in trouble. On the map still a great power, people can see now that the Persian Shahdom has become hollow.

1865-69: With emperor Ludovico doing negotiations, the two Russias, New Rome, various Indian princes, European Germany and Judea ally to fight the Anti-Persian War. The Negev, Aqaba and Petra are ceded to the Jewish protectorate; Delhi, Syria, Lebanon, Somalia and Aden to New Rome; Madagascar and East Africa around the capital Zanzibar to the Germans; Azerbaijan, Kurdistan and North Persia to Russia. Palestine gets a special status; Hejaz and Oman become independent. Shiite Persia (+ Afghanistan, southern Mesopotamia) survives as a rump state.

1870s: In occupied Persia, the "New Assassins" (a zealot-like group of conspirators opposed to the christian powers) start to form.


Rest of the World:
1866: Canada takes control of Hawaii.

1867: Canadian ironclads easily destroy the weaker navy of New Albion, take control of most Pacific islands. Now New Albion (which kings still claim Britain and other lands in Europe and the rest of the world are rightfully theirs) is finally reduced to an insignificant, anachronistic kingdom at the end of the world.

1878: German-Atlantean anti-slavery activists take Arguim, a Portuguese slave trading post in Africa. One after another, the others fall too.

1880: Germany takes control of Swedish colonies in Australia.

New Stories:
[post=877723]Dangerous cults in India[/post]
[post=882584]About the reforms in Novorossiya[/post]
[post=929977]The "empty circle"[/post]
[post=952858]A movie overview[/post]

Seems your wish is my command (this time).

The World 1880-1900:

Muslim World:
1881-85: Anti-Seljuk War of New Rome and Russia. Cyprus, Cilicia, Greece go to New Rome, the whole North Coast (incl. Constantinople / Czargrad) to Russia. The last Muslim power has fallen.

1890s: While the ruling classes are squabbling who's fault it was that the Christians could defeat them, among their people the wish for a Mahdi (Messiah) spreads.

1895: New Roman troops pushing south from Egypt to secure the land are unable to defeat the Muslim partisans. Sudan is declared "chaos" officially.


Atlantis:
Retcon:
1863-68: New Roman Empire builds Nicaragua canal.


1881-84: "The Northern War" ("La Gera d'Nor"): After having consolidated his rule, Lui Filip has the northern cities of Braseal attacked.

1884: Stefor (old Stafford City, OTL Recife) falls.

1885: New Rome and royal Braseal (now pronounced French: Bruh-SAY-uhl) make a contract about their common border after the end of Northern War.

1886-88: "The Southern War" ("La Gera d'Su"): Southern Braseal conquered by Lui Filip; the country is unified.

1894: Gold Rush in Braseal. Many people from Roman-controlled France and Iberia flee to the country. Many Germans immigrate, help create the new industry in the southern part of the country.

1897: Lui Filip of Braseal dies. Not having made a law of succession, people are disunited about who should become next monarch: His eldest child, princess Mari Isabel, or his eldest son Migel?

1897-1900: Civil War in Braseal (more often called "Slavery War"). The Southern provinces under Princess Mari Isabel, more German-influenced and industrialized, fight for an end of slavery, the northern provinces under prince Migel for keeping it. (German newspapers use to depict prince Migel as a human monster, describing him as icecold-hearted and merciless.)

1890s: New Roman linguists study the development of Braseal French (which has influences from many different languages and is very simplified - many claim that it could be called a distant variant of Occitan, Catalan, Italian or Spanish as well). The Empire uses their new insights to play out one Gaulish (the Empire proclaims that since the French are descended from the Gauls, there's no reason why they should name themselves after a German tribe) group against the other, creating many different, mutually unintelligible dialects in the place of the republic's unified French language.


Western Europe:
Retcon:
1827: After the Rhenish War, France has to give Western and Eastern Frisia independence. Frisia becomes part of Germany and a refugium for Dutch nationalists fleeing from the French. In 1840, Frisia becomes part of the Netherlands again after they become independent.

1863: One Monteleone prince of the royal Spanish family (who was imprisoned after the New Roman conquest of Morocco) accepts emperor Ludovico's offer to become new king of Andalusia.

1875: After Castille was lost by the French, the king of Andalusia becomes new king of Castille; the kingdom of Andalusia goes to the oldest son of former emperor Benedetto. Catalonia, however, becomes another kingdom under emperor Ludovico's eldest son, as a kind of training ground for him. His father advises him to build up the Catalonian identity in contrast to Castille and France.

1878: After its conquest by Castille/New Rome, Portugal becomes a kingdom under another Monteleone prince.


1882: Socialist uprisings in the industrial cities of Bohemia and Hungary, which soon spread to Vienna in Austria. Germany interferes again, makes Bohemia and Hungary full satellites.

1886/87: Third French-Roman War. Basque lands, Asturia (which become two grand duchies), Occitania (which is added to the kingdom of Catalonia) go to New Rome. French military reduced to 100,000 men standing.

1889/90: Socialists take power in Paris and other industrial cities of the French republic. Weak French military unable to suppress them. Germany and New Rome ally against them, invade France. Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands make a military alliance that will last even after the war. Burgundy and Wallonia become a German satellite (called Lothringen, which also joins the Mitteleuropäischer Zollverein), Brittany and Aquitaine become independent grand duchies (de facto New Roman satellites), New Rome may station troops in rest-France. Paris declared Third City of New Roman Empire.
People in Germany and New Rome now hope for peace after so many wars and uprisings in the last seventy years, and emperor Ludovico and German chancellor Hornung proclaim "everlasting peace in Europe".

(Hendryk must hate me... I've killed off three promising Chinese dynasties so far, mangled the French language in Braseal, and now France itself has disappeared on the map...)

1880s: Scandinavian, French and German Socialists arrive in Britain, bringing them valuable knowledge about new inventions, industrial innovations, thus rekindling the wrecked British industry.

1890: In London, the "House of Tomorrow" is founded. Essentially a technical university (although this old-fashioned term is avoided in Socialist Britain), it forms the center (in fact, the only place of importance) of British research. The Round decides that the HoT should research "how things can be done the best way", which is then to be implemented in the factories and on the acres of the country.

1892: Second modern Olympic Games in Rome.


East Asia:
Retcon:
Second half of 19th century: The "Society of Brotherly Love" (influenced by Russian Orthodox missionaries) rages throughout China, trying to build a milleniarist kingdom, causing havoc everywhere. Many Chinese flee from China, as far as Atlantis or Antipodia.

1867: Hong China takes Tungning (OTL Taiwan) and Hainan, lands troops in the South of China. The mainland Chinese don't want the old dynasty back, however.


1880-94: Starting in the province of Anhui, a Chinese general starts to reunite the country and defeat the Society of Brotherly Love. He contacts New Rome and Germany, hoping to find allies, and finally decides for Germany, who send advisors to build up China's industry. For this influence, he also decides to make China a republic. Lacking a strong navy, Taiwan stays out of his reach, however; and worse, the Russians are too strong to let him take Peking either.

1883: Canada takes the sultanate of Melaka, storms the fortress of Fort Knox.

1888: Canada makes a pact with Thailand.

1890: New Rome conquers Bengal, uniting the whole Indian subcontinent for the first time in centuries.

1892: Canada conquers Champa (OTL South Vietnam).

1899: Canada forces Khmer king to accept Canadian protectorate.


Rest of the world:
1884: Gold Rush in Australia (OTL South Africa). Many Germans, Swiss and Dutch come to the country, definitely changing the ethnic makeup of the country's white population, which was until then Swedish-dominated.

1887: Atlantean Germans who conquered Guinea, proclaim the country "Liberia" (or German: Liberien), start to invite liberated slaves there.

1892-99: Germans take control of the Congo kingdoms.

1896: Gold Rush in Antipodia / Tir Tairngire (OTL Australia). The pope decides that the money donated to the church (10% of all founds, plus additional givings by the government and other sources of income) is to be used to adorn the country's churches (like the famous Golden Cathedral of New Dublin, OTL Sydney) and missionarizing in Africa, Asia and later even other parts of the world. The "time of humbleness" certainly has ended.


Eastern Europe:
1883: Novorossiya finishes first transcontinental railroad in Eurasia.

1888: Emperor Ludovico hosts the first modern Olympic Games in Athens.

1891: Gold Rush in Lena Valley.

1896: Third modern Olympic Games in Kiev.


We've reached 1900! Just one more century or so to go... map will follow this sunday...

Stories:
[post=887413]A Gold Rush story[/post]
[post=919726]A visit in Suez[/post]