Luzonite
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About Luzonite
Formula:
Cu3AsS4
Colour:
Deep pinkish-brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
4.4 - 4.6
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1874 after the type locality, Mancayan, Luzon, Philippines.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Luzonite-Famatinite Series.
Originally thought to be enargite or, in part, a mixture of enargite with famatinite, or famatinite.
Usually found as massively crystalline to granular material, deep pinkish-brown in color. Crystals very rare, small, and equant (pseudo-octahedral) in habit.
Originally thought to be enargite or, in part, a mixture of enargite with famatinite, or famatinite.
Usually found as massively crystalline to granular material, deep pinkish-brown in color. Crystals very rare, small, and equant (pseudo-octahedral) in habit.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2461
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2461:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
57abd1c1-7466-45c0-a8e3-0fef910b7773
Classification of Luzonite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
2.KA.10
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
K : Sulfarsenates, Sulfantimonates
A : Sulfarsenates with (As,Sb)S4 tetrahedra
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
K : Sulfarsenates, Sulfantimonates
A : Sulfarsenates with (As,Sb)S4 tetrahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
2 : ø = 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
2 : ø = 4
6.3.2
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
3 : Sulpharsenates and sulphantimonates
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
3 : Sulpharsenates and sulphantimonates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Luz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Luz | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Luzonite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Deep pinkish-brown
Streak:
Black.
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {101}, distinct on {100}.
Good on {101}, distinct on {100}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
4.4 - 4.6 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.47 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Luzonite
Anisotropism:
Strong, in greenish yellow and purplish
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 27.2% | 28.7% |
420nm | 25.6% | 27.6% |
440nm | 24.1% | 25.6% |
460nm | 23.6% | 24.7% |
480nm | 23.4% | 24.5% |
500nm | 23.7% | 25.2% |
520nm | 24.1% | 26.4% |
540nm | 24.3% | 27.1% |
560nm | 24.9% | 27.7% |
580nm | 25.6% | 28.5% |
600nm | 26.5% | 29.1% |
620nm | 27.3% | 29.6% |
640nm | 28.1% | 29.9% |
660nm | 28.6% | 30.1% |
680nm | 28.7% | 30.0% |
700nm | 28.7% | 30.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 30.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemical Properties of Luzonite
Formula:
Cu3AsS4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Sb
Crystallography of Luzonite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4 2m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
I4 2m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.29 Å, c = 10.465 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.978
Unit Cell V:
292.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Usually massively crystalline to granular, crystals rare and small, usually equant.
Twinning:
Twinned on {112}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0010631 | Luzonite | Marumo F, Nowacki W (1967) A refinement of the crystal structure of luzonite, Cu3AsS4 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 124 1-8 | 1967 | Cerro de Pasco, Peru | 0 | 293 | |
0011107 | Luzonite | Pfitzner A, Bernert T (2004) The system Cu3AsS4 - Cu3SbS4 and investigations on normal tetrahedral structures Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 219 20-26 | 2004 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.05 Å | (100) |
1.86 Å | (90) |
1.59 Å | (70) |
1.58 Å | (60) |
1.32 Å | (50) |
1.20 Å | (60) |
1.08 Å | (60) |
1.07 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) |
Geological Setting:
A primary mineral of copper deposits, such as at Sierra de Famatina, Argentina.
Type Occurrence of Luzonite
Synonyms of Luzonite
Other Language Names for Luzonite
Varieties of Luzonite
Stannoluzonite | Sn-bearing variety of luzonite. |
Relationship of Luzonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Briartite | Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4 | Tet. |
Černýite | Cu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Ferrokësterite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
Hocartite | Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
Keutschite | Cu2AgAsS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Kuramite | Cu3SnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Omariniite | Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12 | Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2 |
Permingeatite | Cu3SbSe4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
Richardsite | Zn2CuGaS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Stannoidite | Cu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 | Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2 |
UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn | Cu2Fe2Sn3S7 | |
Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide) | CuZn2InS4 | |
Velikite | Cu2HgSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
Zincobriartite | Cu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
26 photos of Luzonite associated with Enargite | Cu3AsS4 |
23 photos of Luzonite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
9 photos of Luzonite associated with Covellite | CuS |
8 photos of Luzonite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
5 photos of Luzonite associated with Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S |
4 photos of Luzonite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
4 photos of Luzonite associated with Axinite Group | |
3 photos of Luzonite associated with Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
3 photos of Luzonite associated with Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
3 photos of Luzonite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.KA.05 | Enargite | Cu3AsS4 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
2.KA.05 | Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
2.KA.10 | Briartite | Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4 | Tet. |
2.KA.10 | Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
2.KA.10 | Permingeatite | Cu3SbSe4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
2.KA.10 | Barquillite | Cu2CdGeS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
2.KA.10 | Keutschite | Cu2AgAsS4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
2.KA.10 | Zincobriartite | Cu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4 | Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m |
2.KA.15 | Fangite | Tl3AsS4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Luzonite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Zerrenner, C. (1869) Nachricht uber eine Anzahl aus verschiedenen Gebieten der Erde bei mir eingegangener interessantes Mineralien. Berg-unil, Hiiltenmonnische Zeitung: 28: 106.
Weisbach, A. (1874) Luzonit. Mineralogische Mittheilungen: 1874: 257-258.
Klockmann, F. (1891) Mineralogische mittheilungen aus den sammlungen der Bergakademie zu Clausthal. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie: 19: 265-275.
Watanabe, Takeo (1943) Mode of occurrence of minerals of the enargite group from the Teine Mine, Hokkaido, Japan. Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Journal: 3O(2): 80-90.
Sawada., H. (1943) Crystallographic Study, on Luzonit. Thesis, Tokyo University.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 391.
Imai, Hideki (1949) The Copper Ores from the Mankayan Mine, Luzon, Philippine Islands, with special reference to the enargite and luzonite problems. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, XXI, Nos. 1-4.
Gaines, R.V. (1957) Luzonite, famatinite and some related minerals. American Mineralogist: 42: 766-779.
Marumo, F., Nowacki, W. (1967) A refinement of the crystal structure of luzonite, Cu3AsS4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 124: 1-8.
Lévy, C. (1967) Contribution a la minéralogie des sulfures de cuivre du type Cu3XS4. Mémoires du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières: 54: 1-178.
Fleischer, M. (1968) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 53: 2103-2106.
Springer, G. (1969) Compositional variations in enargite and luzonite. Mineralium Deposita: 4: 72-74.
Tanelli G. (1970) Ricerche sui minerali del gruppo dell'enargite (enargite, stibioenargite, luzonite, famatinite, stibioluzonite). Periodico di mineralogia – Roma: 561-583.
Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig, Vandall T. King (1997) Dana's New Mineralogy: The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 156.
Pósfai, M. & Sundberg, M. (1998) Stacking disorder and polytypism in enargite and luzonite. American Mineralogist: 83: 365-372.
Pósfai, M. & Buseck, P. (1998) Relationships between microstructure and composition in enargite and luzonite. American Mineralogist: 83: 373–382. [http://www.minsocam.org/msa/ammin/toc/Articles_Free/1998/Posfai_p373-382_98.pdf]
Imai, A. (1999): Pyrite disease in luzonite from the Lepanto Cu-Au deposit, Mankayan, Philippines: further example of disease texture and its origin. Resource Geology, 49(3), 163-168.
Internet Links for Luzonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2461.html
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Localities for Luzonite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Paar, W., Roberts, A.C., Topa, D., Zagler, G., Berlepsch, P., Armbruster, Th. (2004): Putzite, (Cu4.7 Ag3.3)GeS6, a new mineral species from Capillitas, Catamarca, Argentina: description and crystal structure. Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 1757-1769. ; Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina); DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372.; Hubert, P., Werner, H., & Dan, T. (2009). A contribution to the knowledge of the mineralization at Mina Capillitas, Catamarca. Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, 64(3), 514-524. |
PUTZ, Hubert; PAAR, Werner H and TOPA, Dan. A contributionto the knowledge of the mineralization at mina Capillitas, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 514-524. | |
PUTZ, Hubert; PAAR, Werner H and TOPA, Dan. A contributionto the knowledge of the mineralization at mina Capillitas, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 514-524. | |
| MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA, M. F. and GALLISKI, M. A.. Chatkalita, nekrasovita y otros minerales del grupo de la estannita de veta María Eugenia, Cerro Atajo, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.2, pp. 289-298. |
| W. H. Paar, H. Putz, D. Topa, M. K. de Brodtkorb and R. J. Sureda (2005) Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge 2005, Session 13, 1419-1422; Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2005): USGS Open-File Report 05-1060 |
Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. | |
Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. | |
DE BRODTKORB, Milka K. Precious metaltellurides and other Te-bearing minerals in different paragenesis of Argentina: A review. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 365-372. | |
| Paar, W. H., Putz, H., Topa, D., de Brodtkorb, M. K., & Sureda, R. J. (2005, January). Occurrence and paragenesis of tellurium in mineral deposits of Argentina. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1419-1422). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
| Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina) Zubía, M. A., Giacosa, R. E., Godeas, M. C., Segal, S. J., Korzeniewski, L. I., Cardó, R., ... & Chernicoff, C. J. (2008). Estudio Metalogenético de Brechas Hidrotermales Portadoras de Mineralización de Bi-Au-Cu en el Ámbito de la Cordillera Frontal. Provincia de San Juan/Modelo de Mineralización en" El Pingüino"(Depósito Cerro León), Región del Deseado, Santa Cruz. Instituto DE Geología Y Recursos Minerales Servicio Minero Argentino Secretaría DE Minería DE LA Nación. Serie Contribuciones Técnicas - Recursos Minerales Nº 31 Testa, Francisco J., Lejun Zhang, and David R. Cooke. (2018) "Physicochemical Conditions of Formation for Bismuth Mineralization Hosted in a Magmatic-Hydrothermal Breccia Complex: An Example from the Argentine Andes" Minerals 8, no. 11: 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110486 |
Armenia | |
| Kovalenker, V. A., Prokof’ev, V. Y., & Akinfiev, N. N. (2006). The gold-telluride mineralization of the Megradzor gold deposit (Armenia): fluid inclusion study and the thermodynamic modelling. In Understanding the genesis of ore deposits to meet the 21-st century, 12-th Quadrennial IAGOD Symposium, Moscow, 21-24 August. (p. 314). |
| Khachaturyan, E. A.; Paronikyan, V. O. (1963): Hypogene covellite in ores of the Tandzut pyritic deposit. Zap. Armyansk. Otd. Vses. Mineralog. Obshchestva, No. 2, 18-21. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Mederer, J., Moritz, R., Zohrabyan, S., Vardanyan, A., Melkonyan, R., & Ulianov, A. (2014). Base and precious metal mineralization in Middle Jurassic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus: A review of geology and metallogeny and new data from the Kapan, Alaverdi and Mehmana districts. Ore Geology Reviews, 58, 185-207. Mederer, J., Moritz, R., Chiaradia, M., Spikings, R., Spangenberg, J. E., & Selby, D. (2019). Ore formation during Jurassic subduction of the Tethys along the Eurasian margin: Constraints from the Kapan district, Lesser Caucasus, southern Armenia. Economic Geology, 114(7), 1251-1284. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
Australia | |
| Haddock, D. (1974) Diamond Drilling Programme IV. TC8 Prospect, E.L. 357 "Eldorado", Warramunga Goldfield, N.T. Aquitaine Australia Minerals Pty. Ltd. |
| Sahlström, F., Corral Calleja, I., Chang, Z., Arribas, A., Dirks, P.H.G.M., Stokes, M., Pocock, M., Hewitt, D., and Obiri-Yeboah, M. (2016) Hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation at the Mt Carlton high-sulphidation Au-Ag-Cu epithermal deposit (NE Queensland, Australia). In: Goldschmid Conference Abstracts, p. 2688. From: Goldschmidt conference 2016, 26 June-1 July, Yokohama, Japan. ; Sahlström, F., Arribas, A., Dirks, P., Corral, I., & Chang, Z. (2017). Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide. Minerals, 7(11), 213. |
| Nenke, J. A. (1972). Geochemistry and Mineragraphy of the Nairne Pyrite Deposit, Brukunga, South Australia. Honors thesis, University of Adelaide. |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch, U., Auer, C. & Zeug, M. (2017): 2046) Austinit, Billingsleyit, Konichalcit, Lenait?, Luzonit, Marrit, Trechmannit und Zinkrosasit von Annaberg, Niederösterreich (ein Vorbericht). Pp. 265-268 in Walter, F. et al. (2017): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVI. Carinthia II, 207./127., 217-284. |
| Huber, S. und Huber, P. (1977): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 8: Oberösterreich, Niederösterreich und Burgenland. C. Weise Verlag, München, 270 pp.; Tufar, W. (1982): A new type of sulphosalt mineralization in the Myrthengraben gypsum deposit, Semmering, Lower Austria. Pp. 131-140 in: Amstutz, G. C. et al. (Eds.): Ore Genesis - the State of the Art, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York. |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) |
| A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989) |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) | |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994); Paar, W. H. (1995): Interessante Mineralfunde aus Österreich (II): Silberminerale vom Madersbacher oder Matzenköpfl bei Brixlegg, Tirol. Lapis, 20 (2), 16. |
| Putz, H. & Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Mineralien des Gertraudstollens und seiner Halde in St. Gertraudi, Tirol. Lapis 32 (6), 58-63. |
C.Auer (2021) | |
| Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994) |
Azerbaijan | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia |
| Hemon, P., Moritz, R., & Ramazanov, V. (2012). The Gedabek Epithermal Cu–Au Deposit, Lesser Caucasus, Western Azerbaijan: geology, alterations, petrography and evolution of the sulfidation fluid states. In Integrated Exploration and Ore Deposits, Proceedings SEG 2012 Conference, Lima, Peru (p. Poster 50). |
Bolivia | |
| Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp; Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia, Boletín No. 5 (Especial), pp 268-271 (Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, La Paz) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz) |
Bulgaria | |
| Tarkian, M.; Breskovska, V. (1990): Arsenic minerals and their genetic significance in the Madjarovo ore field, eastern Rhodope, Bulgaria. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1990, 433-442. |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; American Mineralogist (1966): 51: 29-36; Nenasheva, S.N. (2009): Some Peculiarities of Mineralogy of the Deposits of Central Part of Structural-Metallogenic Zone Sredna-Gora, Bulgaria. New Data on Minerals, 44, 24-33.; in (2001) European Union of Geosciences Conference XI (OS6) |
Chile | |
| Zentilli, M. (2018) A unique Sn-bearing Bi-Ag-Sb, polymetallic, epithermal district in the Chilean Andes: Capitana Mine, Tignamar, Arica–relation to the Proterozoic-Paleozoic Belén Metamorphic Complex. XV Congress Geological Chile |
samples analysed and confirmed by Dr. Frank Keutsch, University of Wisconsin | |
| Llaumet C./Henríquez F. (1976); "Faja de mineralización de oro, plata, cobre y arsenico en la Cordillera Andina de la III y IV región"; Primero Congreso Geológico Chileno, Vol. II. |
| Econ Geol (1985) 80:1544-1565 Crespo, Jorge, Martin Reich, Fernando Barra, Juan José Verdugo, and Claudio Martínez. (2018) "Critical Metal Particles in Copper Sulfides from the Supergiant Río Blanco Porphyry Cu–Mo Deposit, Chile" Minerals 8, no. 11: 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110519 |
China | |
| Licheng Tang (1993): Shandong Geology 9(2), 85-92 |
| Zheng, S. J., Zhong, H., Bai, Z. J., Zhang, Z. K., & Wu, C. Q. (2020). High-sulfidation veins in the Jiama porphyry system, South Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 1-10. |
Czech Republic | |
| Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65 |
Fiji | |
| Frenzel, G., & Ottemann, J. (1967). Eine Sulfidparagenese mit kupferhaltigem Zonarpyrit von Nukundamu/Fiji. Mineralium Deposita, 1(4), 307-316. |
| Naden, Jon; Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished) |
France | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (based on SEM-EDS data, colour, paragenesis) |
| P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 |
| P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989 |
| J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994 |
| P. Cantinolle et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 245-248 Lerouge, C., Gloaguen, E., Wille, G., & Bailly, L. (2017). Distribution of In and other rare metals in cassiterite and associated minerals in Sn±W ore deposits of the western Variscan Belt. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29(4), 739-753. |
| No reference listed |
| M. Munoz, Y.Moëlo : "Etude paragénétique de la minéralisation sulfurée complexe (Sb-Pb-Zn-...) de Bournac (Hérault, France)", Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, 625-632. |
| inventoire mineralogique de la france n.10, p.125 |
| R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974 |
| R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Féraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 4 : Alpes-Maritimes", BRGM, 1974 |
| R. Pierrot, P. Picot, P.A. Poulain : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 5, Hautes- Alpes ", BRGM, 1972 |
Germany | |
| S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Fricke, G. (1988) Die Grube Silberbrünnle im Haigerach bei Gengenbach im Schwarzwald. Lapis 13(4): 11-14; Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald |
| Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German) |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
Walenta, K. (1992) Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes und ihre Fundstellan. Christian Weise Verlag, München, 336 pages [in German]. | |
| Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992 |
| Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001 |
Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001 | |
| Seeliger, E. (1963) Die Paragenese der Pb-Zn-Lagerstätte am Gänsberg bei Wiesloch (Baden) und ihre genetischen Beziehungen zu den Gängen im Odenwaldkristallin zu Altwiesloch und der Vererzung der Trias des Kraichgaues. Jh. geol. Landesamt Bad.-Württ., 6, 239-99. Seeliger, E. (1963) Die Paragenese der Pb-Zn-Lagerstätte am Gänsberg bei Wiesloch (Baden) und ihre genetischen Beziehungen zu den Gängen im Odenwaldkristallin zu Altwiesloch und der Vererzung der Trias des Kraichgaues. Jh. geol. Landesamt Bad.-Württ., 6, 239-99 undefined |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN |
Lapis, 12 (10), 23-32+58. | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1986) Neue Minerale von der Schlackenhalde der ehemaligen Zinkhütte Genna in Letmathe/Sauerland. Aufschluss, 37 (2), 55-67.; Bender, D. and Krimmelbein, W. (1994) Aktuelle Übersicht: Mineralien der Zinkhütte Genna/Sauerland. Stand Juni 1994. Mineralien-Welt, 4/94, 10. |
| Weiss, S. (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas, Deutschland West. Weise Verlag, München, 320 pages. |
| Lapis, 9 (5), 36-39. |
| Thomas Kleser collection |
Greece | |
| Voudouris, P., Melfos, V, Spry, P.G., Bonsall, T.A., Tarkian, M. & Solomon, Ch. (2008): Carbonate-replacement Pb-Zn-Ag+/-Au mineralization in the Kamariza area, Lavrion, Greece: Mineralogy and thermochemical conditions of formation. Mineralogy & Petrology 94, 85-106. |
No reference listed | |
| Skarpelis, N. (1999): The Agios Filippos ore deposit, Kirki (Western Thrace). A base-metal part of a high-sulfidation epithermal system. Bulletin Geological Society of Greece. 33, 51-60. |
Voudouris, P. (2006): A comparative mineralogical study of Te-rich magmatic-hydrothermal systems in northeastern Greece. Mineral. Petrol., 87, 241–275.; Repstock, A., Voudouris, P., & Kolitsch, U. (2015). New occurrences of watanabeite, colusite,“arsenosulvanite” and “Cu-excess” tetrahedrite-tennantite at the Pefka high-sulfidation epithermal deposit, northeastern Greece. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen: Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 192(2), 135-149.; Voudouris, P. (2010). Gold deposits in Greece. mineralogy and genetic considerations. Invited Lecture. SMEGD in association to GSA-NSW Division. DOI, 10. | |
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| Marchev, P., Kaiser-Rohrmeier, M., Heinrich, C., Ovtcharova, M., von Quadt, A., & Raicheva, R. (2005). 2: Hydrothermal ore deposits related to post-orogenic extensional magmatism and core complex formation: The Rhodope Massif of Bulgaria and Greece. Ore Geology Reviews, 27(1), 53-89. |
| Economic Geology 102 (2007) 1269-1294.; Bonev, I. K., Petrunov, R., Cook, N. J., & Ciobanu, C. L. (2005). Kostovite and its argentian varieties: Deposits and mineral associations. Geochem. Mineral. Petrol.(Bulg. Acad. Sci.), 42, 1-22. Tombros, S. F., & Fitros, M. (2019). Evidence for vapor transport of the base and precious metals in the Panormos Bay Ag-Au-Te deposit, Tinos Island, Cyclades. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 199, 128-140. |
Hungary | |
| Földessy, J., Hartai, É., & Kupi, L. (2008). NEW DATA ABOUT THE LAHÓCA HIGH SULFIDA-TION MINERALIZATION. Recsk and Lahóca, Geology of the Paleogene Ore Complex, Proceedings of the University of Miskolc, Series A, Mining, 73, 129-143.; Takács, Á., & Molnár, F. Enargite from the Lahóca high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposit at Recsk, Hungary: joint application of infrared microscopy–microthermometry and orientation imaging microscopy.; Takács, Á., Molnár, F., Turi, J., Mogessie, A. & Menzies, J. C. (2017): Ore mineralogy and fluid inclusion constraints on the temporal and spatial evolution of a high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au-Ag deposit in the Recsk Ore Complex, Hungary. Economic Geology 112, 1461-1481. |
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India | |
| Tripathi, S., & Deb, M. (2022). Mineralogy of the Imalia Au-Sn-bearing polymetallic sulfide deposit, Mahakoshal belt, Central India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences: X, 8, 100117. |
Indonesia | |
| Ian A Taylor (2011) A Technical Report on Exploration and Resource Estimation of the Miwah Project, Sumatra, Indonesia. Prepared by Mining Associates Pty Limited for East Asia Minerals Corporation NI 43-101 |
| Schwartz, M.O. and Surjono (1991) The Pemali tin deposit, Bangka, Indonesia. Mineralium Deposita, Vol. 26, pg. 18-25. |
| Maryono, A., Harrison, R. L., Cooke, D. R., Rompo, I., & Hoschke, T. G. (2018). Tectonics and geology of porphyry Cu-Au deposits along the eastern Sunda magmatic arc, Indonesia. Economic Geology, 113(1), 7-38. |
| Perelló, J. (1994). Geology, porphyry Cu-Au, and epithermal Cu-Au-Ag mineralization of the Tombulilato district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 50(1), 221-256. |
| Mineralium Deposita (2005) 40: 76–99 |
| Saing, S., Takahashi, R., & Imai, A. (2016). Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Study at the Southeastern Martabe Deposit: Purnama, Barani and Horas Ore Bodies, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Resource Geology, 66(2), 127-148. |
| doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13179.41767; Hakim, A.Y.A. (2017). Genesis of orogenic gold in the Latimojong district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. PhD dissertation. Montanuniversität Leoben |
Hakim, A.Y.A. (2017). Genesis of orogenic gold in the Latimojong district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. PhD dissertation. Montanuniversität Leoben | |
| Tun, M. M., Warmada, I. W., Idrus, A., Harijoko, A., Verdiansyah, O., & Watanabe, K. (2015). High sulfidation epithermal mineralization and ore mineral assemblages of Cijulang prospect, West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Applied Geology, 6(1). |
| Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484; Kieft, C. & Oen, I. S. (1973): Ore minerals in the telluride-bearing gold-silver ores of Salida, Indonesia, with special reference to the distribution of selenium. Mineralium Deposita 8, 312-320. |
Iran | |
| Altenberger, Florian, Johann G. Raith, Ronald J. Bakker, and Alireza Zarasvandi. "The Chah-Mesi epithermal Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag-Au) deposit and its link to the Meiduk porphyry copper deposit, SE Iran: Evidence from sulfosalt chemistry and fluid inclusions." Ore Geology Reviews (2022): 104732. |
Italy | |
| · Maletto, G., Bittarello, E., Ciriotti, M.E., Piccoli, G.C., Brizio, P., Castello, P., Cesti, G., Moroni, M. (2016): La miniera d'oro di Chamousira (Ciamusera), Brusson, Val d'Ayas, Valle d'Aosta. Micro, 14,3, 98-151. |
| De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.; G. P. Bernhardini, F. Corsini, AND G. Tanelli (1973) Djurleite from Calabona, Sardinia MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 39, PP 25-29. |
| Cadoni, E., Cocco, E., & Mainas, S., 2006. Oro ed enargite del giacimento aurifero di Furtei, Sardegna. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (1), 6-13. ; Fadda, S., Fiori, M., & Grillo, S. M. (2005). Chemical variations in tetrahedrite-tennantite minerals from the Furtei epithermal Au deposit, Sardinia, Italy: Mineral zoning and ore fluids evolution. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, 43, 79-84. |
Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19. | |
Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19. | |
Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19. | |
| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. |
| Dill, H. (1979): Lagerstättenkundliche Untersuchungen zur Entstehung der Pyrit-führenden Blei-Kupfer-Zink-Lagerstätte Accesa (SW-Toskana). Mineral. Deposita 14, 57-80. |
| Orlandi et al., 1996. Minerals of the Seravezza Marble, Tuscany, Italy. Mineralogical Record, 27: 47-58. ; Orlandi, P. & Criscuolo, A. (2009). Minerali del marmo delle Alpi Apuane. Pacini editore, Pisa, 180 pp. |
| Orlandi, P., and Franzini, M. (1994) I minerali del marmo di Carrara. Cassa di Risparmio di Carrara - Amilcare Pizzi Editore S.p.A., Milano, 109 pp.; Orlandi, P., and Criscuolo, A. (2009) Minerali del marmo delle Alpi Apuane. Parco delle Alpi Apuane - Pacini Editore, Ospedaletto-Pisa, 180 pp. |
| Orlandi, P., and Del Chiaro, L. (1989) Nuovi dati sui minerali delle geodi del marmo di Carrara. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Serie A, 96, 313-325; Orlandi, P., and Criscuolo, A. (2009) Minerali del marmo delle Alpi Apuane. Parco delle Alpi Apuane - Pacini Editore, Ospedaletto-Pisa, Pisa, 180 pp. |
| Morino, A., and Passarino, G. (2016) Minerali nel marmo di Carrara: solfuri e solfosali. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 40, 1 (1-2016), 22-33. |
| Bonaccorsi, E., Merlino, S., and Orlandi, P. (2007) Zincalstibite, a new mineral, and cualstibite: crystal chemical and structural relationships. American Mineralogist, 92, 198-203. |
Orlandi, P., and Criscuolo, A. (2009) Minerali del marmo delle Alpi Apuane. Parco delle Alpi Apuane - Pacini Editore, Ospedaletto-Pisa, Pisa, 180 pp. | |
| Orlandi, P., and Bellè, E. (2002) I minerali del marmo del bacino del Frigido, Massa. Comune della Città di Massa - Tipografia Ceccotti, Massa, 144 pp.; Morino, A., and Passarino, G. (2016) Minerali nel marmo di Carrara: solfuri e solfosali. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 40, 1 (1-2016), 22-33. |
Orlandi P., Bellé E., 2000. I minerali del marmo del bacino del Frigido, Massa. Comune della città di Massa; Orlandi, P. & Criscuolo, A. (2009). Minerali del marmo delle Alpi Apuane. Pacini editore, Pisa, 180 pp | |
Orlandi, P., and Bellè, E. (2002) I minerali del marmo del bacino del Frigido, Massa. Comune della Città di Massa - Tipografia Ceccotti, Massa, 144 pp.; Orlandi, P. (2004) Carraraite, zaccagnaite, IMA 1998-033 e altre specie rinvenute nelle geodi dei marmi Apuani. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 28, 1 (1-2004), 24-27; Biagioni, C., Orlandi, P., Camarda, S., Chinellato, M., Appiani, R., Del Chiaro, L., and Sanguineti, G. (2019) Minerals from marbles of Carrara and the Apuan Alps. LoGisma editore, Vicchio (Firenze) - Musumeci S.p.A., Quart (Aosta), 144 pp. | |
Biagioni, C., Orlandi, P., Camarda, S., Chinellato, M., Appiani, R., Del Chiaro, L., and Sanguineti, G. (2019) Minerals from marbles of Carrara and the Apuan Alps. LoGisma editore, Vicchio (Firenze) - Musumeci S.p.A., Quart (Aosta), 144 pp. | |
| Minniti, M., and Bonavia, F. (1984) Copper-ore grade hydrothermal mineralization discovered in a seamount in the Tyrrhenian sea (Mediterranean): is the mineralization related to porphyry-copper or to base metal lodes? Marine Geology, 59, 271-282. |
Japan | |
| Economic Geology; 1996; v. 91; no. 1; p. 204-212 TAKEUCHI, T., NAMBU, M., SUZUKI, M., & OKADA, K. (1956). Germanium bearing black ores from the Kamikita mine, Aomori Prefecture. Mining Geology, 6(22), 231-243. |
Economic Geology; 1996; v. 91; no. 1; p. 204-212 | |
| Imai, A., Matsueda, H., Yamada, R., Masuta, K. (1999): Polymetallic Mineralization at the Shin‐Ohtoyo Deposit, Harukayama District, Hokkaido, Japan. Resource Geology 49, 75-88. Yuningsih, E. T., & Matsueda, H. (2018). Study on the Cu–As–Sb–Ag–Bi–Pb–Te Sulfosalt Minerals from the Hydrothermal System of Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Resource Geology, 68(3), 209-226. |
Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp; Huang, C. K. (1965) Proceedings of the Geological Society of China 11:31-42; 島倉広至, 三浦貴生, 浜根大輔, 松枝大治, & 三浦裕行. (2015). 北海道手稲鉱山産 Te, Bi, As 鉱物. 北海道大学地球物理学研究報告, 78, 19-35. Yuningsih, E. T., & Matsueda, H. (2018). Study on the Cu–As–Sb–Ag–Bi–Pb–Te Sulfosalt Minerals from the Hydrothermal System of Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Resource Geology, 68(3), 209-226. | |
| Shimizu, M., Matsuyama, F., Shimizu, M. (1999) Hutchinsonite, TlPb(As,Sb)5S-9, chabourneite, Tl2Pb(Sb,As)10S-17, and unnamed (Tl,Ag)2Pb6(As, Sb)16S-31 from the Toya-Takarada mine, Hokkaido, Japan - Tl mineralisation in the Kuroko deposits. Resource Geology (special issue #20), 31-37, in: The Japanese island arc: its hydrothermal and igneous activities. Eds: Naotatsu Shikazono, et al. The Society of Resource Geology |
Yuningsih, E. T., Matsueda, H., & Syafrie, I. (2018). Ore–microscopy and Geochemistry of Gold–Silver Telluride Mineralization in Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 171017. Yuningsih, E. T., & Matsueda, H. (2018). Study on the Cu–As–Sb–Ag–Bi–Pb–Te Sulfosalt Minerals from the Hydrothermal System of Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Resource Geology, 68(3), 209-226. | |
| Economic Geology; 1996; v. 91; no. 1; p. 204-212 |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt; Uehara, S., et al (2014) MInerals from Kyushu and Yamaguchi. (Fukuoka Mineral Club, 355 pages); Yamada, S. (2004) Nihonsan-koubutsu Gojuon-hairetsu Sanchi-ichiranhyou (111 pp.); Morishita, Y., Hammond, N. Q., Momii, K., Konagaya, R., Sano, Y., Takahata, N., & Ueno, H. (2019). Invisible Gold in Pyrite from Epithermal, Banded-Iron-Formation-Hosted, and Sedimentary Gold Deposits: Evidence of Hydrothermal Influence. Minerals, 9(7), 447. |
| Nakata, M., & Komuro, K. (2011). Chemistry and occurrences of native tellurium from epithermal gold deposits in Japan. Resource geology, 61(3), 211-223. |
| M. Watanabe (1951) Science Reports, Tohoku University, 3rd series, 4, 36. |
| Maki, T., & Akasaka, M. (1990). Ore Minerals of Iwami Kuroko Deposit, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci. Shimane Univ, 24, 89-112. Akasaka, M. (2007). Geology, mineralogy and genesis of the Eikyu and Fukuishi deposits in the Iwamiginzan silver mine. Geoscience Rept. Shimane Univ., 1-7. |
Kazakhstan | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer International Publishing.; Baibatsha, A., Dyussembayeva, K., & Kassenova, A. (2015). Microparagenetic Associations of Gold in Ore-Forming Minerals from Deposits of Different Geological and Industrial Types of Kazakhstan. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 1-8). Springer, Cham. |
Malaysia | |
| Caisheng Zhao, Fengyue Sun, Bile Li, Tong Pan, and Fengliang Yao (2004): Geology and Prospecting 48(2), 18-22; Zhao, C., Mao, J., Yang, F., Ye, H., Sun, F., & Ding, Q. (2005). A comparative study of the Punda and Selanjan orecontrolling breccia pipes in West Sarawak, Malaysia and the significance for ore prospecting. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1115-1118). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
Mexico | |
| Peter Megaw |
| Gramaccioli, C. M., 1985. Conoscere i minerali. I solfosali. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 96 pp |
Morocco | |
| Benchekroun, F., & Jettane, A. (2004). Fluid inclusions and quantitative model for gold precipitation in the Tiouit deposit (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 39(3), 295-300. |
Namibia | |
| Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany |
North Macedonia | |
| Serafimovski, T., Tasev, G., Stefanova, V. (2015): Mineral assemblages group of major and associated mineral phases in the Kadiica porphyry copper deposit, eastern Macedonia. Geologica Macedonica 25, 183-196. Tasev, G., Serafimovski, D., Serafimovski, T. (2018) Evolution of ore-forming fluids in the Bukovik-Kadiica porphyry Cu deposit, Republic of Macedonia. Geologica Croatica, 71, 1-18. |
| Serafimovski, Todor and Tasev, Goran (2003) The Plavica epithermal polymetallic system: mineralogical and geochemical data. Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development, Eliopoulos et al. (eds), 1 (1). pp. 523-526.; Serafimovski, T., Zlatkov, G., & Tasev, G. (2015). Calculation of variation and ore-bearing coefficients in the Plavica epithermal polymetallic deposit, Eastern Macedonia. 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2015, 3, 119-127.; Serafimovski, T., Volkov, A. V., Serafimovski, D., Tasev, G., Ivanovski, I., & Murashov, K. Y. (2017). Plavica epithermal Au–Ag–Cu deposit in eastern Macedonia: Geology and 3D model of valuable component distribution in ore. Geology of Ore Deposits, 59(4), 296-304. |
Serafimovski, Dolenec, T., Tasev, G. (2006): New data concerning the major ore minerals and sulphosalts from the Pb-Zn Zletovo Mine, Macedonia. RMZ - Materials and geoenvironment 52, 535-548. | |
Serafimovski, T., Lazarov, P., Tasev, G. (2005): Sulfosalt mineral compositions from the No 10 vein, Zletovo lead-zinc deposit, Macedonia. Chapter 4-28, pp. 461-464 in Jingwen Mao, Frank P. Bierlein (Eds.): Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge: Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial SGA Meeting, Beijing, China, 18 - 21 August 2005, Springer Science & Business Media, 1580 pp. | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.; Petrunov, R., Serafimovski, T., & Dragov, P. (2001). New finding of PGE-mineralisation in porphyry-copper environment-the Bučim deposit, Macedonia: preliminary microscope and microprobe data. In ABCDGEODE 2001 Workshop Vata Bai, Romania (Vol. 79, pp. 79-80). |
Serafimovski, T., Filev, K., Tasev, G., & Gjorgjiev, L. (2016). Three types of ore mineralization at the Vrshnik ore body, Buchim copper mine, Republic of Macedonia. 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2016, 2(1), 951-958. | |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Tuomo Törmänen (2005) Ore Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Formation of the Sediment-hosted Sea Floor Massive Sulfide Deposits at Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific, with Emphasis on the Transport and Deposition of Gold. Thesis University of Oulu |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2005): USGS Open-File Report 05-1060; Espi, J.O., Kajiwara, Y., Hawkins, M.A., and Bainbridge T. (2002): Hydrothermal alteration and Cu-Au mineralization at the Nena high sulfidation-type deposit, Frieda River, Papua New Guinea. Resource Geology 52(4), 301–313. |
Peru | |
| Imai, H. (1999): Mineralizations of base metal deposits of acid-sulfate type coexisting with adularia-sericite type. Resource Geology 49, 147-156. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| Biagioni, C., Sejkora, J., Moëlo, Y., Marcoux, E., Mauro, D., & Dolníček, Z. (2022). Tennantite-(Cu), Cu12As4S13, from Layo, Arequipa Department, Peru: a new addition to the tetrahedrite-group minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 1, 9. |
| Gibson, P. C. (1992). The calera vein system, Orcopampa District, Southern Peru: association of tectonism, magmatism and hydrothermal activity in the formation of a bonanza Ag-Au deposit (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno). |
| Davies, R.C., and Williams, P.J. (2005): Mineralium Deposita 40, 598-616. |
| B. Duval, Y. Moëlo and P. Picot, Bull. Minéral. , 1986, 109, pp. 649-655. (Philip C. Goodell analysis) |
| Min.Rec. 28, #4 (1997) |
| Hyrsl & Rosales (2003) The Mineralogical Record, 34, 241-254.; Gebhard, Georg; Schlüter, Jochen (1998) Die Weltbesten Kristalle von Famatinit und Luzonit. Lapis, 23(9), 35-37. |
| Graton, L. C.; Bowditch, Samuel I. (1936): Alkaline and acid solutions in hypogene zoning at Cerro de Pasco. Economic Geology 31, 651-698. |
Michael W. Kieron collection, ex Harvard Mineralogical Museum | |
P Ramdohr, Ore Mineralogy, 3rd ed., pg 1130 | |
| Bendezú, R., & Fontboté, L. (2009). Cordilleran epithermal Cu-Zn-Pb-(Au-Ag) mineralization in the Colquijirca district, central Peru: Deposit-scale mineralogical patterns. Economic Geology, 104(7), 905-944. |
Economic Geology November 2009 vol. 104 no. 7 905-944 Bendezu, R. & Fontboté, L. (2009): Cordilleran epithermal Cu-Zn-Pb-(Au-Ag) mineralization in the Colquijirca district, central Peru: deposit-scale mineralogical patterns. Economic Geology 104, 905-944. | |
Dubé, B., Mercier-Langevin, P., Kjarsgaard, I., Hannington, M., Bécu, V., Côté, J., ... & Bédard, N. (2014). The Bousquet 2-Dumagami world-class Archean Au-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Abitibi, Quebec: Metamorphosed submarine advanced argillic alteration footprint and genesis. Economic Geology, 109(1), 121-166. | |
Philippines | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
| [Tschermaks Min.Mitth.(1874) p. 257; Berg- und Hüttenmänn. Ztg.(1869) 28, p. 105 and 113; Nickel & Nichols, 1991, "Mineral Reference Manual", 123]; Claveria, R. J. R. (2001). Mineral paragenesis of the Lepanto copper and gold and the Victoria gold deposits, Mankayan mineral district, Philippines. Resource Geology, 51(2), 97-106.; Hassan-Nezhad, A. A., & Moore, F. (2006). A stable isotope and fluid inclusion study of the Qaleh-ZariCu–Au–Ag deposit, Khorasan Province, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(6), 805-818; Imai, A. (1999): Pyrite disease in luzonite from the Lepanto Cu-Au deposit, Mankayan, Philippines: further example of disease texture and its origin. Resource Geology, 49(3), 163-168. |
Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an Evolving Earth | |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155. |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka, K., Oberc-Dziedzic, T., Mayer, W., & Pieczka, A. (2012). Ore mineralization in the Miedzianka area (Karkonosze-Izera Massif, the Sudetes, Poland): new information. Mineralogia Polonica, 43(3-4), 155-178. |
| Zimnoch, E. (1978): Ore mineralization of the Miedzianka deposit in the Sudetes. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego (Warsaw), 308, 91-134. (in Polish) |
Chmielewski, A., Oszczepalski, S. (2016): Replacement processes of primary mineralization in the uppermost part of the Kupferschiefer series in SW Poland. Mineralogia - Special Papers: 45: 41-42 | |
Piestrzyński, A., & Pieczonka, J. (2012). Low temperature ore minerals associations in the Kupferschiefer type deposit, Lubin–Sieroszowice mining district, SW Poland. Мінералогічний збірник, (2), 59-66. | |
| Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i geochemia ciała rudnego złoża Lubin-Sieroszowice. Biuletyn PIG, vol. 423, pp. 77-94 |
Romania | |
| Cioacă, M. E., Munteanu, M., Qi, L., & Costin, G. (2014). Trace element concentrations in porphyry copper deposits from Metaliferi Mountains, Romania: A reconnaissance study. Ore Geology Reviews, 63, 22-39. |
| Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.; Mineralium Deposita (2004) 39:173-188 |
Canadian Mineralogist 40:1693-1703. | |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40, pp. 1693-1703 (2002); Onac, B. P., & Damm, P. (2002). Preliminary Data on the Mineralogy of Limestone and Skarn-Hosted Caves from Baita (Bihor county, Romania). Studia UBB Geologia, 47(1), 93-104. |
| Dincă, George, Andrei I. Apopei, Robert Szabo, and Andreea E. Maftei. (2022) "The Effect of Mn Substitution on Natural Sphalerites by Means of Raman Spectroscopy: A Case Study of the Săcărâmb Au–Ag–Te Ore Deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romania" Minerals 12, no. 7: 885. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070885 |
Russia | |
| Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401. |
| Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow. |
| Yakich, T. Y., Ananyev, Y. S., Ruban, A. S., Gavrilov, R. Y., Lesnyak, D. V., Levochskaia, D. V., ... & Rudmin, M. A. (2021). Mineralogy of the Svetloye epithermal district, Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, and its insights for exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 136, 104257. |
| Плутахина, Е. Ю., & Шишканова, К. О. СЕРНЫЕ РУДЫ–ОДИН ИЗ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ВИДОВ СЫРЬЯ ГОРНОРУДНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ. |
Shapovalova, M., Tolstykh, N., & Bobrova, O. (2019, August). Chemical composition and varieties of sulfosalts from gold mineralization in the Gaching ore occurrence (Maletoyvayam ore field). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 319, No. 1, p. 012019). IOP Publishing. Kasatkin, A.V., Nestola, F., Plášil, J., Sejkora, J., Vymazalová, A. and Škoda, R., Tolstykhite, Au3S4Te6, a new mineral from Maletoyvayam deposit, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, pp.1-16. | |
| [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]; Okrugin, V., & Chernev, I. Correlation of Epithermal and Geothermal Deposits (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka). Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 ; Okrugin, V. M. (2004). Miocene to Quaternary center volcanic, hydrothermal and ore-forming activity in the Southern Kamchatka. In Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest (Russian Far East)-Tectonics, Magmatism and Metallogeny of Active Continental Margin, Interim IAGOD Conference, Excursion Guidebook, Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 2004 (pp. 147-176). |
| http://maurice.strahlen.org/kavkaz/kavkaz.htm; Jambor J L, Grew E S (1994) New mineral names, American Mineralogist 79, 387-391 |
| Simanenko, L.F. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 290-303 |
| L.M. Lebedev data |
Serbia | |
| Drovenik, M. (1958): Bakrovo Rudišče Gornja Lipa. Geologija, 4, 63-78 (in Slovenian). |
| Albrecht von Quadt, Vladica Cvetković, Rade Jelenković, Miodrag Banjesević, Vladica Cvetković & Aleksandar Pačevski, Ljubomir Cvetković & Robert Moritz(2007) Advances in Regional Geological and Metallogenic Studies in the Carpathians, Balkans, Rhodope Massif and Caucasus (Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia) Field Guide |
| Albrecht von Quadt, Vladica Cvetković, Rade Jelenković, Miodrag Banjesević, Vladica Cvetković & Aleksandar Pačevski, Ljubomir Cvetković & Robert Moritz(2007) Advances in Regional Geological and Metallogenic Studies in the Carpathians, Balkans, Rhodope Massif and Caucasus (Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia) Field Guide; Aleksandar Pacevski, Ljubomir Cvetkovic & Perisa Zivkovic (2007) Mineralogy of the Coka Marin polymetallic deposit, Bor ore district, Serbia |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern |
| Kozub G., Budzyń B., Pršek J. (2011): Hydrothermal copper-bismuth mineralization from the Joremeny adit, Dobšiná, Slovak Republic-preliminary report. Mineralogia, Special Papers, 38, 123-124. |
Kozub, G., Budzyń, B., Pršek, J. (2011): Hydrothermal copper-bismuth mineralization from the Joremeny adit, Dobšiná, Slovak Republic – preliminary report. Mineralogia Special Papers: 38: 123-124 | |
| Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p |
Ďuďa R., Baláž B. (2001): Minerály na ložiskách zlatobanského stratovulkánu. Minerál, 9, 4, 248-269 (in Slovak). | |
Slovenia | |
| Albrecht von Quadt, Vladica Cvetković, Rade Jelenković, Miodrag Banjesević, Vladica Cvetković & Aleksandar Pačevski, Ljubomir Cvetković & Robert Moritz(2007) Advances in Regional Geological and Metallogenic Studies in the Carpathians, Balkans, Rhodope Massif and Caucasus (Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia) Field Guide |
Spain | |
| Joan Rosell |
Taiwan | |
| Huang, C. K. (1965) Proceedings of the Geological Society of China 11:31-42; L. P. Tan, C. H. Chen and B. S. Yu (1993) Native Gold of Taiwan. Special Publication of the Central Geological Survey No. 7, pp. 79-99.; Simmons, S. F., White, N. C., & John, D. A. (2005). Geological characteristics of epithermal precious and base metal deposits. Economic Geology 100th anniversary volume, 29, 485-522. |
James K.C.Huang Collection; Chemical Geology 154 1999. 155–167; Chemical Geology 154 1999. 155–167; Hwang, J. Y and Meyer, H O A (1982) The Mineral Chemistry and Genesis of the Chinkuashih ore deposits, Taiwan. Proceedings of the Geological Society of China 25:88-101; Rozenweg A. (1975) Proceedings of the Geological Society of China 18:128-130 | |
Chemical Geology 154 1999. 155–167 | |
Tajikistan | |
| Badalov, S.T., Baskakov, S.P., Golovanov, I.M., Ismailov, M.I., Kasymov, A.K., Moiseeva, M.I., Musin, R.A., and Smirnova, S.K. [Бадалов, С.Т., Баскаков, С.П., Голованов, И.М., Исмаилов, М.И., Касымов, А.К., Моисеева, М.И., Мусин, Р.А., и Смирнова, С.К.] (1975) Minerals of Uzbekistan [Минералы Узбекистана]. Publishing House "Fan" of the Uzbek SSR [Издательство "Фан" УзССР], Tashkent, Volume I [ Том I], 444 pp. (in Russian). |
Tunisia | |
| Slim-Shimi, N., Moëlo, Y., Tlig, S. & Lévy, C. (1996): Sulfide geochemistry and genesis of Chouichia and Ain el Bey copper deposits in northwestern Tunisia. Mineralium Deposita 31, 188-200. |
Turkey | |
| ÇAĞATAY, A., & ÇOPUROĞLU, İ. (1990) Die Mineralogie Der Pb-Za Lagerstaette Von Gümüşhane (Türkei). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 111(111), 43-52. |
ÇAĞATAY, A., & ÇOPUROĞLU, İ. (1990) Die Mineralogie Der Pb-Za Lagerstaette Von Gümüşhane (Türkei). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 111(111), 43-52. | |
| http://www.odysseyresources.com/i/pdf/Curtis-AltintepeReport.pdf |
UK | |
| Grguric, B.A., Roberts, M.P., Raven, M.D., Martyn, K. (2021) Luzonite and associated Cu-excess tennantite from the Levant Sn-Cu deposit, Cornwall, England: Evidence for a high sulphidation hydrothermal event. Transactions of the Institutes of Mining and Metallurgy-B. DOI: 10.1080/25726838.2021.1888614 |
| [J.Russell Soc. 1998:41] |
| National Museum of Wales Database; Cotterell, T., Green, D., Hubbard, N., Mason, J.S., Starkey, R., Tindle, A. (2011) The Mineralogy of Dolyhir Quarry, Old Radnor, Powys, Wales. UK Journal of Mines and Minerals, 32, 5-61. |
USA | |
| U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. |
USGS OFR 2003-404(Hudson,2003); USGS OFR 99-342 | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225. | |
| Graeme, R. (1993) Bisbee revisited. The Mineralogical Record: 24: 421-436. |
| Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 281; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436. |
| Kyle Beucke Collection |
| Calif. Journal of Mines and Geology, Vol. 34; p.434, 554. |
| Kampf, A.R., Housley, R.M., Rossman, G.R., Marty, J., Chorazewicz, M. (2018) Bodieite, Bi3+2(Te4+O3)2(SO4), a New Mineral from the Tintic District, Utah, and the Masonic District, California, USA. Canadian Mineralogist: 56: 763-772. |
| USGS (2005), Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS): U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, loc. file ID #10077524. |
| Albers, J.P. (1953), Geology and ore deposits of the Afterthought mine, Shasta County, California: California Division Mines & Geology Special Report 29: 17; Albers, John P. & Jacques F. Robertson (1961), Geology and ore deposits of East Shasta copper-zinc district, Shasta County, California, USGS PP 338: 71; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 136. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 |
Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.; Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel; Singewald, Quentin Dreyer; Butler, Bert Sylvenus (1941) Ore deposits in the vicinity of the London fault of Colorado. USGS Bulletin: 911 |
| Bove, D.J., Caine, J.S., and Lowers, H.A., 2012, Geologic and mineralogic controls on acid and metal-rich rock drainage in an alpine watershed, Handcart Gulch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5067, 121 p. |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel |
| The Mines and Minerals of the Great American Rift, R.W. Holmes & M.B. Kennedy, 1983 |
| Gray, et al (1993) |
TSURUOKA, Subaru, MONECKE, Thomas, REYNOLDS, T. James and HOLLEY, Elizabeth (2016) Evolution of the Magmatic-hydrothermal System at the Summitville High-sulfidation Epithermal Au Deposit, Colorado. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 48, No. 7 | |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Lapis 17(1), 15-23 (1992) |
U.S. Geol. Survey, 1970, Prof. Paper 588, "Geology and Ore Deposits of the Picher Field, Oklahoma and Kansas" | |
| Mcknight, Edwin and Fischer, Richard, (1970) Geology and Ore Deposits of the Picher Field Oklahoma and Kansas: U.S. Geol. Prof. Paper 588, 165p. |
| Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998 |
| Sherwood, M. D., & Williams, G. A. (1998). Missouri mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 73(2), 98-117. |
| Gobla, M. J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals: 87(3): 208-240. |
| The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964 |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
Econ Geol (1989) 84:2115-2138 | |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
Wallace, A.B., (1975) Geology and mineral deposits of the Pyramid District, Washoe County, Nevada [Ph.D. thesis]: University of Nevada, Reno, 162 p. | |
| www.brightok.net/~rockman/Images/OkIndex.htm. |
Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997); Rocks & Min., March 1998. | |
| Econ Geol (1986) 81:1853-1866 |
| UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah |
UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah | |
SEM-EDS analyzed by Dr. Rob Bowell. | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow; Kovalenker, V. et al New Data on Minerals (2003): 38: 45-56 |
Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30; Bonev, I. K., Petrunov, R., Cook, N. J., & Ciobanu, C. L. (2005). Kostovite and its argentian varieties: Deposits and mineral associations. Geochem. Mineral. Petrol.(Bulg. Acad. Sci.), 42, 1-22.; Plotinskaya, O. Y., Kovalenker, V. A., Seltmann, R., & Stanley, C. J. (2006). Te and Se mineralogy of the high-sulfidation Kochbulak and Kairagach epithermal gold telluride deposits (Kurama Ridge, Middle Tien Shan, Uzbekistan). Mineralogy and Petrology, 87(3-4), 187-207. |
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Chinkuashih mine, Ruifang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan