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Functions of the Integumentary System
-Resistance to trauma and infection
-Prevents loss or gain of water
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury
-Thermoregulation
-Prevents loss or gain of water
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury
-Thermoregulation
How does skin resist trauma and infection?
-Skin has low pH to reduce bacteria and fungi
-Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called keratin
-Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called keratin
Name 3 ways the integumentary system thermoregulates?
-Glands release sweat for evaporative cooling
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
Define: Vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels, reduces heat loss
Define: Vasodilation
widening of blood vessels, increases heat loss
What are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system?
Epidermis- outer layer
Dermis- underlying connective tissue
Hypodermis not really part of the skin!
Dermis- underlying connective tissue
Hypodermis not really part of the skin!
What does the epidermis primarily consist of?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the epidermal derivatives?
glands, hair, nails
What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis?
- Karatinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Keratinocytes (functions)
most numerous cell type, make fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes (functions)
synthesize pigment called melanin
Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name)
also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch, associated with a dermal nerve fiber
Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name)
macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes
What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)?
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Straum lucidum