World History Unit 4: Absolutism

VoltaireFrench writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)TsarA Russian emperorCzarA Russian emperor :) (:Charlemagneking of the Franks and Holy Roman EmperorCharles VThis was the Holy Roman Emperor He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-ReformationPhilip IIking of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC)Henry IV of Franceinherited France in bad condition, cared about his people, lowers taxes, achieves peace, commissioned Edict of Nantes, gave Huguenots religious libertyCardinal RichelieuChief minister of France who reduced the power of the noblesLouis XIVThis French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France.Peter the GreatThis was the tsar of Russia that Westernized Russia and built up a massive Russian army.Queen Elizabeth IShe never married "Virgin Queen" frequent conflicts with parliament because she wanted money left lots of debt; created nation religion Church of EnglandFerdinandthe Catholic Hapsburg king of BohemiaJames of Englandwanted absolute power with no parliament but need them for money. Refused to pay for wars; made the puritans very madMaria TheresaAustrian empress who unified her nation after her father's deathCatherine the GreatThis was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded RussiaOliver CromwellEnglish general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)Divine RightBelief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.Protestant vs CatholicBoth are christian but each side believes the other was not christian. Northern Ireland was protestant while Ireland was Catholic.5 main powersFrance, England, Austria, Russia and PrussiaWesternizationadoption of western ideas, technology, and culturepartitiondividing a country into partsRise of PrussiaFrederick William, (1640-1688) started the process by building an efficient military, After victories in the War of Spanish Succession and the Great Northern War, Prussia was now recognized as a central European power; Continued by Frederick the Great (1740-1786).Rise of Russia1689-1815English Bill of Rights1689 laws protecting the rights of English subjects and ParliamentCabinetA group of advisers to a person in power usually elected by the person in power.England vs. Spanish ArmadaPrivateers were very fast and were perfect for shallow water; unlike Spanish are better at rough deep waters. English lures them to English channel and Spain gets ripped apartMonarchyA government ruled by a king or queenOligarchya small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.30 years war(1618-1648) This Bourbon vs. Habsburg War resulted from a conflict between the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the Holy Roman EmpireWar of Austrian SuccessionThis war was over the inheritance of the throne by Maria Theresa, for the Salic law prevented a woman from solely ruling the stateSpanish ArmadaThe great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588; defeated by the terrible winds and fire ships.privateersprivate ships hired by a country to attack its enemiesGlorious RevolutionA reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and William "the orange" without blood shedHabeas CorpusLaw giving every prisoner the right to obtain a write or document ordering a prisoner to be ordered to a judgeQuote from Coach Brandt about Absolute Power"Absolute power makes you absolutely crazy"