Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II (p; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia from the 2nd March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881. ^[1]

1285 relations: A Nasty Story, A Study in Emerald, Aaron Kosminski, Aavasaksa, Abdülaziz, Abraham Cahan, Abraham Goldfaden, Abrau-Durso (winery), Absolute monarchy, Adelaida Lukanina, Administrative divisions of Murmansk Oblast, Adolf Engström, Adolph Aloys von Braun, Adolphe Dugléré, Afanasy Fet, Ahmad Huseinzadeh, Aksay Post House, Alaska Purchase, Alberto Cavos, Aleksander Wielopolski, Aleksandr Baryatinsky, Aleksandr Kornilov (historian), Aleksandr Mikhailovich Bezobrazov, Aleksandr Nikitenko, Aleksandr Ulyanov, Aleksei Andreyevich Volkov, Aleksey Belevsky-Zhukovsky, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky, Alexander, Alexander Abaza, Alexander Archipelago, Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov, Alexander Berkman, Alexander Bernardazzi, Alexander Bogoridi, Alexander Chernyshyov, Alexander Column (Rostov-on-Don), Alexander Garden (Novocherkassk), Alexander Garden (Saint Petersburg), Alexander Gorchakov, Alexander Herzen, Alexander I of Russia, Alexander I Palace, 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A Nasty Story

"A Nasty Story" (Скверный анекдот, Skverny anekdot), also translated as "A Disgraceful Affair", as well as "A Most Unfortunate Incident" and "An Unpleasant Predicament", is a satirical short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky concerning the escapades of a Russian civil servant.

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A Study in Emerald

"A Study in Emerald" is a short story written by British fantasy and graphic novel author Neil Gaiman.

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Aaron Kosminski

Aaron Kosminski (born Aron Mordke Kozmiński; 11 September 1865 – 24 March 1919) was a Jewish Polish emigrant in England who is a suspect in the Jack the Ripper case.

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Aavasaksa

Aavasaksa is a sharp-edged hill in Ylitornio municipality in Finnish Lapland.

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Abdülaziz

Abdülaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / `Abdü’l-`Azīz, Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

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Abraham Cahan

Abraham "Abe" Cahan (July 7, 1860 – August 31, 1951) was a Belarusian-born Jewish American socialist newspaper editor, novelist, and politician.

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Abraham Goldfaden

Abraham Goldfaden אַבֿרהם גאָלדפֿאַדען; (born Avrum Goldnfoden; the Romanian spelling Avram Goldfaden is common; 24 July 1840 in Starokostiantyniv – 9 January 1908 in New York City) was a Russian-born Jewish poet, playwright, stage director and actor in the languages Yiddish and Hebrew, author of some 40 plays.

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Abrau-Durso (winery)

Abrau-Durso (Абрау-Дюрсо) is a Russian wine company located in the village of Abrau-Dyurso.

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Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.

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Adelaida Lukanina

Adelaida N. Lukanina, née Rykacheva, later Paevskaia (1843-1908) was a Russian physician and chemist known for her chemical research and for being an early woman physician in the United States.

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Administrative divisions of Murmansk Oblast

Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia, which is located in the northwestern part of the country, occupying mostly the Kola Peninsula.

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Adolf Engström

Carl Adolf Engström (17 February 1855 — 19 June 1924) was a Finnish engineer, businessman and vuorineuvos.

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Adolph Aloys von Braun

Adolph Aloys Freiherr von Braun (17 June 1818 – 4 March 1904) was a diplomat and statesman who became one of the closest collaborators of the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.

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Adolphe Dugléré

Adolphe Dugléré (3 June 1805 in Bordeaux – 4 April 1884 in Paris) was a French chef and a pupil of Marie-Antoine Carême.

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Afanasy Fet

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (a), later known as Shenshin (a); –), was a renowned Russian poet regarded as the finest master of lyric verse in Russian literature.

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Ahmad Huseinzadeh

Ahmad Huseinzadeh (Əhməd Hüseynzadə) — third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus, son of Mahammadali Huseinzadeh, maternal uncle of Ali bey Huseynzade.

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Aksay Post House

The Aksay post house (r) is a complex of small buildings of historic posting station in Aksay, Rostov oblast, Russia.

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Alaska Purchase

The Alaska Purchase (r) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by President Andrew Johnson.

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Alberto Cavos

Alberto Cavos (Russified to Albert Katerinovich Kavos, Альберт Катеринович Кавос, December 22, 1800 – May 22, 1863) was a Russian–Italian architect best known for his theatre designs, the builder of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg (1859–1860) and the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow (1853–1856).

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Aleksander Wielopolski

Margrave (margrabia) Aleksander Ignacy Jan-Kanty Wielopolski (born 1803 in Sędziejowice, Kraków Department, Duchy of Warsaw, died 1877 in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire) was a Polish aristocrat, owner of large estates, and the 13th lord of the manor of Pinczów.

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Aleksandr Baryatinsky

Aleksandr Ivanovich Baryatinsky (Александр Иванович Барятинский; –) was a Russian General and Field Marshal (from 1859), Prince, governor of the Caucasus.

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Aleksandr Kornilov (historian)

Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Корни́лов; 1862–1925) was a Russian historian and liberal politician.

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Aleksandr Mikhailovich Bezobrazov

Aleksandr Mikhailovich Bezobrazov (Александр Михайлович Безобразов (1855-1931) was a Russian businessman and political adventurer who exerted a major influence on the foreign policies of the Russian Empire in the years prior to the Russo-Japanese War.

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Aleksandr Nikitenko

Alexander Vasilievich Nikitenko (Александр Васильевич Никитенко; 1804 – 1877) was a well-educated Ukrainian serf of Count Sheremetev who was granted freedom under pressure from Kondraty Ryleyev and other men of letters.

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Aleksandr Ulyanov

Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov (April 12, 1866 – May 20, 1887) was a Russian revolutionary, the older brother of Vladimir Lenin.

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Aleksei Andreyevich Volkov

Aleksei Andreyevich Volkov (1859–1929) was a valet at the court of Tsar Nicholas II.

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Aleksey Belevsky-Zhukovsky

Count Alexei Alexeevich Belevsky-Zhukovsky (Алексей Алексеевич Белёвский-Жуковский; 26 November 1871, Salzburg – c. 1931 Caucasus) was the son of Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia and Alexandra Vasilievna, Baroness Seggiano.

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Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy

Count Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, often referred to as A. K. Tolstoy (Алексе́й Константи́нович Толсто́й) (–), was a Russian poet, novelist and playwright, considered to be the most important nineteenth-century Russian historical dramatist, primarily on the strength of his dramatic trilogy The Death of Ivan the Terrible (1866), Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich (1868), and Tsar Boris (1870).

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Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky

Prince Aleksey Borisovich Lobanov-Rostovsky (Алексе́й Бори́сович Лоба́нов-Росто́вский) (in Voronezh Governorate –) was a Russian statesman, probably best remembered for having concluded the Li-Lobanov Treaty with China and for his publication of the Russian Genealogical Book (in two volumes).

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Alexander

Alexander is a common male given name, and a less common surname.

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Alexander Abaza

Alexander Ageevich Abaza (Александр Агеевич Абаза 1821–1895) was one of the most liberal of the advisors of Alexander II of Russia.

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Alexander Archipelago

The Alexander Archipelago is a long archipelago, or group of islands, of North America off the southeastern coast of Alaska.

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Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov

Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov, Prince Italsky, Count Rymniksky (Алекса́ндр Арка́дьевич Суво́ров; 13 June 1804, Saint Petersburg – 12 February 1882, Saint Petersburg), was a Russian general, diplomat and politician.

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Alexander Berkman

Alexander Berkman (November 21, 1870June 28, 1936) was a leading member of the anarchist movement in the early 20th century, famous for both his political activism and his writing.

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Alexander Bernardazzi

Aleksander Osipovich Bernardazzi (Бернардацци Александр Осипович, alternative spelling: Alexandr Bernardacci, Alexandru Bernardazzi) (July 2, 1831 – August 14, 1907) was a Russian (of Swiss Italian origin) architect best known for his work in Odessa and Chişinău.

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Alexander Bogoridi

Prince (Knyaz) Alexander Stefanov Bogoridi (княз Александър (Алеко) Стефанов Богориди; Turkish: Aleko Pasha; Αλέξανδρος Βογορίδης) (1822 – July 17, 1910) was an Ottoman statesman of Bulgarian origin.

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Alexander Chernyshyov

Prince Alexander Ivanovich Chernyshov (Александр Иванович Чернышев, 1786, Moscow - 1857, Castellammare di Stabia), General of Cavalry (1827), was a Russian military leader, diplomat and statesman, whose career began in the Napoleonic Wars.

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Alexander Column (Rostov-on-Don)

The Alexander Column (Александровская колонна) is a monument erected 1894 in Nakhichevan-on-Don (now a part of Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia) in Alexandrovsky park (now Vitya Cherevichkin park).

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Alexander Garden (Novocherkassk)

Alexander Garden (r) is a central urban park in Novocherkassk, Rostov oblast, Russia, named after Emperor of Russia Alexander I. It is the eldest park in the city.

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Alexander Garden (Saint Petersburg)

The Alexander Garden (Александровский сад) lies along the south and west façades of the Russian Admiralty in St. Petersburg, parallel to the Neva River and Admiralty Quay, extending from Palace Square in the east to St. Isaac's Cathedral in the west.

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Alexander Gorchakov

Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в), (15 July 179811 March 1883) was a Russian diplomat and statesman from the Gorchakov princely family.

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Alexander Herzen

Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (also Aleksandr Ivanovič Gercen, Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ге́рцен) was a Russian writer and thinker known as the "father of Russian socialism" and one of the main fathers of agrarian populism (being an ideological ancestor of the Narodniki, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Trudoviks and the agrarian American Populist Party).

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Alexander I of Russia

Alexander I (Александр Павлович, Aleksandr Pavlovich; –) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1801 and 1825.

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Alexander I Palace

Alexander I Palace in Taganrog is a one-story stone building in Russian classicism style on Grecheskaya Street, 40 where Russian emperor Alexander I of Russia died in 1825.

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Alexander II

Alexander II may refer to.

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Alexander II Column in Odessa

Alexander II Column, also known as Alexander's column or Monument to Alexander II of Russia, is a triumphal column located in Shevchenko, Odessa and is commemorated to the visit of Russian Emperor Alexander II the city of Odessa in 1875.

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Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II (p; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia from the 2nd March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.

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Alexander III of Russia

Alexander III (r; 1845 1894) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from until his death on.

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Alexander Imeretinsky

Alexander Konstantinovich Bagration-Imeretinsky (ალექსანდრე კონსტანტინეს ძე ბაგრატიონ-იმერეტინსკი (Aleksandre konstantines dze bagration-imeretinski), Алекса́ндр Константи́нович Имере́тинский, Aleksandr Imeretyński) (24 September 1837 - 17 November 1900) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) and a General of the Russian Imperial Army.

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Alexander Ivanovich Urusov

Prince Alexander Ivanovich Urusov (Александр Иванович Урусов, April 2, 1843, Moscow, Russian Empire, — July 16, 1900, Moscow) was a Russian lawyer, literary critic, translator and philanthropist.

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Alexander Lazarev (actor)

Alexander Sergeyevich Lazarev (Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Ла́зарев; January 3, 1938 – May 2, 2011) was a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, the People's Artist of Russia and the USSR State Prize laureate (both 1977).

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Alexander Lodygin

Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin (Александр Николаевич Лодыгин; 18 October 1847 – 16 March 1923) was a Russian electrical engineer and inventor, one of inventors of the incandescent light bulb.

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Alexander Military Law Academy

Alexander Military Law Academy (Александровская военно-юридическая академия) (1867–1917) was an educational institution in Russian Empire that provided military law education for officers of Russian Army and Fleet.

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Alexander Murray (1816–1884)

Rear Admiral Alexander Murray (2 January 1816 – 10 November 1884) was an flag officer in the United States Navy, who served during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War.

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Alexander Navrotsky

Alexander Alexandrrovich Navrotsky (Александр Александрович Навроцкий, 13 March 1839, — 10 June 1914) was a Russian writer, poet and playwright, known also under his pen name N. A. Vrotsky.

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Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Moscow

The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Moscow was the largest of a series of cathedrals erected in Imperial Russia in commemoration of Alexander Nevsky, the patron saint of Emperors Alexander II and Alexander III.

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Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Nizhny Novgorod

The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Собор Святого Александра Невского) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral church located in the Kanavinsky city district of Nizhny Novgorod.

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Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Paris

The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Alexandre-Nevsky, Собор Святого Александра Невского) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral church located at 12 rue Daru in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.

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Alexander of Battenberg

Alexander Joseph (Александър I Батенберг; 5 April 185723 October 1893), known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince (knyaz) of modern Bulgaria from 1879 until his abdication in 1886.

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Alexander of Russia

Alexander of Russia may refer to.

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Alexander Ostrovsky

Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Остро́вский;, Moscow, Russian Empire, Shchelykovo, Kostroma Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Russian playwright, generally considered the greatest representative of the Russian realistic period.

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Alexander Pomerantsev

Alexander Nikanorovich Pomerantsev (Александр Никанорович Померанцев, November 11, 1849 — October 27, 1918) was a Russian architect and educator responsible for some of the most ambitious architectural projects realized in Imperial Russia and Bulgaria at the turn of the 20th century.

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Alexander Romanov

Alexander Romanov may refer to.

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Alexander Serebrovsky

Alexander Pavlovitch Serebrovsky (Александр Павлович Серебровский; -10 February 1938) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet petroleum and mining engineer nicknamed the "Soviet Rockefeller".

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Alexander Skabichevsky

Alexander Mikhailovich Skabichevsky (Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Скабиче́вский, September 27 (o.s., 15), 1838, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – January 11, 1911, o.s., December 29, 1910) was a Russian literary historian, critic and memoirist, part of the Narodnik movement, best known for his series of biographies of the 19th century Russian writers.

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Alexander Soloviev (revolutionary)

Alexander Soloviev (Александр Соловьёв), (1846 in Luga – May 28, 1879), was a Russian revolutionary and former student who unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Tsar Alexander II of Russia with a revolver.

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Alexander Theatre

Alexander Theatre (Aleksanterin teatteri, Alexandersteatern) is a Finnish theatre in the city of Helsinki at Bulevardi 23-27, also known as Russian Theater.

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Alexander von Stieglitz

Baron Alexander von Stieglitz (Александр Людвигович Штиглиц) (1814–1884) was a Russian financier.

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Alexander Zarudny

Alexander Sergeyevich Zarudny (Александр Серге́евич Зарудный, in Tsarskoye Selo, Russia – 30 November 1934 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) was a Russian lawyer and politician.

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Alexander's Cathedral

Alexander's Cathedral (Aleksandri Suurkirik) is a cathedral of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church in Narva, Estonia.

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Alexandra Albedinskaya

Alexandra Sergeyevna Albedinskaya (Алекса́ндра Серге́евна Альбединская; 30 November 1834 – 12 September 1913), was a Russian noble and courtier.

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Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)

Alexandra Feodorovna (6 June 1872 – 17 July 1918) was Empress of Russia as the spouse of Nicholas II—the last ruler of the Russian Empire—from their marriage on 26 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.

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Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)

Alexandra Feodorovna (p), born Princess Charlotte of Prussia (13 July 1798 – 1 November 1860), was Empress consort of Russia.

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Alexandra Kollontai

Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (Алекса́ндра Миха́йловна Коллонта́й — née Domontovich, Домонто́вич; – 9 March 1952) was a Russian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1915 on as a Bolshevik.

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Alexandra of Denmark

Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India as the wife of King Edward VII.

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Alexandra Zhukovskaya

Alexandra Vasilievna Zhukovskaya (11 November 1842 in Düsseldorf – 26 August 1899 in Wendischbora, Germany), was a Russian noble and lady in waiting.

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Alexandre Okinczyc

Alexandre Okinczyc (Аляксандар Акінчыц, Aliaksandr Akinchyts, 1839–1886) was a Polish and French 19th century physician and memoirist of Belarusian ethnicity.

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Alexandrovsky Uyezd

Alexandrovsky Uyezd (Александровский уезд) was an administrative division (an uyezd) of Arkhangelsk Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Russian SFSR.

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Alexandru Candiano-Popescu

Alexandru Candiano-Popescu (January 27, 1841 – June 25, 1901) was a Romanian army general, lawyer, journalist, and poet, best known for his role in the Republic of Ploieşti conspiracy.

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Alexei Harlamoff

Alexei Alexeievich Harlamov (also Alexej Harlamoff, Alexei Kharlamoff or Alexej Charlamoff) (1840–1925) was a Russian painter, who usually signed his name in the latin alphabet as Harlamoff.

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Alexei Korzukhin

Alexei Ivanovich Korzukhin (Russian: Алексей Иванович Корзухин; 23 March 1835, Perm Governorate — 30 October 1894, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian genre painter.

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Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia

Alexei Nikolaevich (Алексе́й Никола́евич) (12 August 1904 – 17 July 1918) of the House of Romanov, was the Tsarevich and heir apparent to the throne of the Russian Empire.

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Alfons Mieczysław Chrostowski

Alfons Mieczysław Chrostowski, also Mieczysław Alfons Chrostowski, was a Polish author, playwright, and editor of Polish language newspapers in the United States.

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Alfred Koch

Alfred Reingoldovich Kokh (Koch) (Альфред Рейнгольдович Кох, Alfred Reingoldowitsch Koch, born February 28, 1961) is a Russian writer, mathematician-economist and businessman of German origin.

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Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Alfred (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 184430 July 1900) reigned as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 to 1900.

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Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Alfred Alexander William Ernest Albert; 15 October 1874 – 6 February 1899), was the only son and heir apparent of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

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Alliance Colony

The Alliance Colony was a Jewish agricultural community that was founded on May 10, 1882, in Pittsgrove Township, in Salem County, New Jersey, United States.

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Alma Fohström

Alma Evelina Fohström-von Rode (1856–1936) was a Finnish operatic soprano who gained international fame as she performed in the world's most famous opera houses and for a number of monarchs and emperors.

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Alvensleben Convention

The Alvensleben Convention was a treaty between the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, named after general Gustav von Alvensleben.

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Amalie Adlerberg

Countess Amalie Maximilianovna Adlerberg (16 June 1808 – 21 June 1888) was an illegitimate daughter of Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, fathered by Bavarian diplomat Maximilian-Emmanuel Graf von und zu Lerchenfeld auf Köfering und Schönberg (1772–1809).

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American-Russian Cultural Cooperation Foundation

The American-Russian Cultural Cooperation Foundation (ARCCF) is an American nonprofit focused on the promotion of American-Russian cultural dialogue and cooperation.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

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Anarchism in Russia

Russian anarchism is anarchism in Russia or among Russians.

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Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato

Count Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato (Анатолий Николаевич Демидов; 5 April OS: 24 March 1813 – 29 April 1870) was a Russian industrialist, diplomat and arts patron of the Demidov family.

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Andreas, Prince of Leiningen

Andreas, Prince of Leiningen (Andreas Fürst zu Leiningen; born 27 November 1955) is the current head of the Princely House of Leiningen.

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Andrei Zhelyabov

Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov (Желябов, Андрей Иванович; –) was a Russian revolutionary and member of the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya.

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Andrew Lusk

Sir Andrew Lusk, 1st Baronet (18 September 1810 – 21 July 1909) was a Scottish born businessman and Liberal politician.

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Angiolina Bosio

Angiolina Bosio (22 August 1830 - 12 April 1859) was an Italian operatic soprano who had a major international career from 1846 until her premature death in 1859 at the age of 29.

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Anna Filosofova

Anna Pavlovna Filosofova (Анна Павловна Философова; August 5, 1837 – March 17, 1912) was a Russian philanthropist and feminist.

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Anna Karenina

Anna Karenina (p) is a novel by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, published in serial installments from 1873 to 1877 in the periodical The Russian Messenger. Tolstoy clashed with editor Mikhail Katkov over political issues that arose in the final installment (Tolstoy's negative views of Russian volunteers going to fight in Serbia); therefore, the novel's first complete appearance was in book form in 1878.

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Anna Leonowens

Anna Harriette Emma Leonowens (born Anna Harriette Emma Edwards; 5 November 1831 – 19 January 1915) was an Anglo-Indian or Indian-born English travel writer, educator and social activist.

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Anne Jaclard

Anne Jaclard, born Anna Vasilyevna Korvin-Krukovskaya (1843–1887), was a Russian socialist and feminist revolutionary.

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Antar (Rimsky-Korsakov)

Antar is a composition for symphony orchestra in four movements by the Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

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Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire

Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire (Еврейские погромы в России; (הסופות בנגב ha-sufot ba-negev; lit. "the storms in the South") were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Pogroms began occurring after the Russian Empire, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1791–1835. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live, and it was within them that the pogroms largely took place. Most Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of the Empire, unless they converted to the Russian Orthodox state religion.

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Anti-terrorism legislation

Anti-terrorism legislation are laws with the purpose of fighting terrorism.

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Antisemitic boycotts

Antisemitic boycotts, also known as anti-Jewish boycotts are organized boycotts directed against Jewish people to exclude them economical, political or cultural life.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.

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Antisemitism in Europe

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism) – prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage – has experienced a long history of expression since the days of ancient civilizations, with most of it having originated in the Christian and pre-Christian civilizations of Europe.

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Antisemitism in the Russian Empire

Antisemitism in the Russian Empire included numerous pogroms and the designation of the Pale of Settlement, from which Jews were forbidden to migrate into the interior of Russia, unless they converted to the Russian Orthodox state religion.

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Antoni Berezowski

Antoni Berezowski (May 9, 1847 in Avratin, near Zhitomir, Russian Empire – 1916 in Bourail, New Caledonia) was a Polish nationalist who made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate the Russian emperor Alexander II.

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Antony Polonsky

Antony Barry Polonsky (born 23 September 1940, Johannesburg, South Africa) is Albert Abramson Professor of Holocaust Studies at Brandeis University.

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April 29

No description.

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April 4

On the Roman calendar, this was known as the day before the nones of April (Pridie).

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Archduke Stefan of Austria

Archduke Stefan of Austria, Prince of Tuscany (Stefan, Erzherzog von Österreich, Prinz von Toskana) (15 August 1932 in Mödling, Lower Austria, Austria – 12 November 1998 in Brighton, Michigan, United States) was a member of the House of Habsburg an Archduke and Prince of Tuscany by birth.

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Archibald Forbes

Archibald Forbes (17 April 183830 March 1900) was a Scottish war correspondent.

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Archibald Smith

Archibald Smith (10 August 1813, in Greenhead, North Lanarkshire – 26 December 1872, in London) was a Scottish mathematician and lawyer.

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Armenian national awakening

Armenian national awakening is similar to other non-Turkish ethnic groups during the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire in development of ideas of nationalism, salvation and independence in Armenia, as the Ottoman Empire tried to cover the social needs by creating the Tanzimat era, the development of Ottomanism and First Constitutional Era.

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Armenian national liberation movement

The Armenian national liberation movement (Հայ ազգային-ազատագրական շարժում Hay azgayin-azatagrakan sharzhum) aimed at the establishment of an Armenian state. It included social, cultural, but primarily political and military movements that reached their height during World War I and the following years. Influenced by the Age of Enlightenment and the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire, the Armenian national movement developed in the early 1860s. Its emergence was similar to that of movements in the Balkan nations, especially the Greek revolutionaries who fought the Greek War of Independence. The Armenian élite and various militant groups sought to defend the mostly rural Armenian population of the eastern Ottoman Empire from the Muslims, being Christian, but the ultimate goal was to push for reforms in the Six vilayets at first and after this failed, the creation of an Armenian state in the Armenian-populated areas controlled at the time by the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire. Since the late 1880s, the movement engaged in guerrilla warfare with the Ottoman government and the Kurdish irregulars in the eastern regions of the empire, led by the three Armenian political parties named the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, the Armenakan Party and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Armenians generally saw Russia as their natural ally in the fight against Turks although Russia maintained an oppressive policy in the Caucasus. Only after losing its presence in Europe after the Balkan Wars, the Ottoman government was forced to sign the Armenian reform package in early 1914, however it was disrupted by World War I. During World War I, the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated by the government in the Armenian Genocide. According to some estimates, from 1894 to 1923, about 1,500,000—2,000,000 Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Empire. After the decision to exterminate the Armenians was taken by the Ottoman Ministry of Interior and first implemented with the Directive 8682 on February 25, 1915, tens of thousands of Russian Armenians joined the Russian army as Armenian volunteer units with a Russian promise for autonomy. By 1917, Russia controlled many Armenian-populated areas of the Ottoman Empire. After the October Revolution, however, the Russian troops retreated and left the Armenians irregulars one on one with the Turks. The Armenian National Council proclaimed the Republic of Armenia on May 28, 1918, thus establishing an Armenian state in the Armenian-populated parts of the Southern Caucasus. By 1920, the Bolshevik Government in Russia and Ankara Government had successfully came to power in their respective countries. The Turkish revolutionaries successfully occupied western half of Armenia, while the Red Army invaded and annexed the Republic of Armenia in December 1920. A friendship treaty was signed between Bolshevik Russia and Kemalist Turkey in 1921. The formerly Russian-controlled parts of Armenia were mostly annexed by the Soviet Union, in parts of which the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was established. Hundreds of thousands of genocide refugees found themselves in the Middle East, Greece, France and the US giving start to a new era of the Armenian diaspora. Soviet Armenia existed until 1991, when the Soviet Union disintegrated and the current (Third) Republic of Armenia was established.

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Art in Finland

Visual arts in Finland started to form its individual characteristics in the 19th century, when Romantic nationalism was rising in autonomic Finland.

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Artemy Tereshchenko

Artemy Yakovlevich Tereshchenko (Арте́мий Я́ковлевич Тере́щенко; Арте́м Я́кович Тере́щенко; 1794 – 1873) was the first entrepreneur in Tereshchenko family and the founder of the Tereshchenko dynasty, which is in the list of the most wealthiest families in the world.

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Arthur de Gobineau

Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat who is best known today for helping to legitimise racism by use of scientific racist theory and "racial demography" and for his developing the theory of the Aryan master race.

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Assassination

Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.

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Astana

Astana (Астана, Astana) is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

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Ataman Palace

The Ataman Palace (Атаманский дворец) is an architectural monument in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov Oblast, Russia, that was built in 1863.

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August von Senarclens de Grancy

August Ludwig, Baron von Senarclens de Grancy (19 August 1794 – 3 October 1871) was born Auguste Louis de Senarclens de Grancy at the château d'Etoy in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland (ancestral home of the de Loriol family), the firstborn son of three sons and four daughters of César Auguste, Baron von Senarclens de Grancy, (born in 1763) and wife Élizabeth Claudine Marie-Rose de Loriol (born in 1773).

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Auguste de Montferrand

Auguste de Montferrand (January 23, 1786 – July 10, 1858) was a French Classicism architect who worked primarily in Russia.

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Australia–Russia relations

Australia–Russia relations (Российско-австралийские отношения) date back to 1807, when the Russian warship ''Neva'' arrived in Sydney as part of its circumnavigation of the globe.

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Azov Cossack Host

Azov Cossack Host (Азовське козацьке військо; Азовское Казачье Войско) was a Cossack host that existed on the northern shore of the Sea of Azov, between 1832 and 1862.

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Édouard Ménétries

Édouard Ménétries (Paris, France, 2 October 1802 – St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia, 10 April 1861) was a French entomologist, zoologist, and herpetologist.

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Élie Metchnikoff

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (Илья́ Ильи́ч Ме́чников, also written as Élie Metchnikoff; 15 July 1916) was a Russian zoologist best known for his pioneering research in immunology.

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Étienne Lenoir

Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir also known as Jean J. Lenoir (12 January 1822 – 4 August 1900) was a Belgian engineer who developed the internal combustion engine in 1858.

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Łazienki Park

Łazienki Park (Park Łazienkowski or Łazienki Królewskie: "Baths Park" or "Royal Baths"; also rendered "Royal Baths Park") is the largest park in Warsaw, Poland, occupying 76 hectares of the city center.

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Łódź Fabryczna railway station

Łódź Fabryczna is the largest and most modern railway station in the city of Łódź, Poland.

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Babruysk

Babruysk, Babrujsk, or Bobruisk (Бабру́йск, Łacinka: Babrujsk, Бобру́йск, Bobrujsk, באברויסק) is a city in the Mogilev Region of eastern Belarus on the Berezina river.

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Back in the USSA

Back in the USSA is a collection of seven short stories by Eugene Byrne and Kim Newman, which was published in 1997 by Mark V. Ziesing Books.

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Bad Ems

Bad Ems is a town in Rheinland Pfalz, Germany.

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Bad Kissingen

Bad Kissingen is a spa town in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia and seat of the district Bad Kissingen.

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Bahá'í Faith in Russia

The history of the Bahá'í Faith (Вера Бахаи) in Russia began soon after the founding in 1844 of the Bábí religion, viewed by Bahá'ís as the direct predecessor of the Bahá'í Faith, with Russian diplomats to Qajar Persia observing, reacting to, and sending updates about the Bábís.

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Bahá'u'lláh

Bahá'u'lláh (بهاء الله, "Glory of God"; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892 and Muharram 2, 1233 - Dhu'l Qa'dah 2, 1309), born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Núrí (میرزا حسین‌علی نوری), was the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Bald–hairy

Bald–hairy (лысый–волосатый) is a common joke in Russian political discourse, referring to the empirical rule of the state leaders' succession defined as a change of a bald leader to a hairy one and vice versa.

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Ball lightning

Ball lightning is an unexplained and potentially dangerous atmospheric electrical phenomenon.

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Baltic states

The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

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Battle of Gangut

The Battle of Gangut (Гангутское сражение, Riilahden taistelu, Finland Swedish: Slaget vid Rilax, Sjöslaget vid Hangöudd) took place on 27 JulyJul./ 7 August 1714Greg. during the Great Northern War (1700–21), in the waters of Riilahti Bay, north of the Hanko Peninsula, near the site of the modern-day city of Hanko, Finland, between the Swedish Navy and Imperial Russian Navy.

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Battle of Saint-Dizier

The Battle of Saint-Dizier was a battle during the War of the Sixth Coalition, fought on 26 March 1814, and is notable as Napoleon's last victory before he abdicated.

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Battle of the Chernaya

The Battle of the Chernaya (also Tchernaïa; Russian: Сражение у Черной речки, Сражение у реки Черной, literally: Battle of the Black River) was a battle by the Chornaya River fought during the Crimean War on August 16, 1855.

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Belarusian national revival

The Belarusian national revival (Беларускае нацыянальнае адраджэнне) is a social, cultural and political movement that advocates the revival of Belarusian culture, language, customs, and the creation of the Belarusian statehood at the national foundation.

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Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace

Belosselsky Belozersky Palace (Russian: Дворе́ц Белосе́льских-Белозе́рских; also known before the Revolution as the Palace of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, the Sergei Palace, and the Dmitry Palace) is a Neo-Baroque palace at the intersection of the Fontanka River and Nevsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Benjamin Disraeli

Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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Bertha von Suttner

Bertha Felicitas Sophie Freifrau von Suttner (Baroness Bertha von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky, Gräfin Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau; 9 June 184321 June 1914) was an Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist.

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Bessarabia Governorate

Bessarabia Oblast was an oblast (1812–1871) and later a guberniya (Guberniya of Bessarabia, 1871–1917) in the Russian Empire.

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Bezdna unrest

1861 Bezdna unrest or Bezdna peasant revolt (Бездненские волнения, Бизнә крәстияннәр кузгалышы) was an unrest of former serfs after the Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia in April 1861.

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Białowieża Forest

Białowieża Forest (Белавежская пушча, Biełaviežskaja Pušča; Baltvyžio giria; Puszcza Białowieska) is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the immense primeval forest that once stretched across the European Plain.

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Blagoveshchensk

Blagoveshchensk (p, lit. the city of the Annunciation) is a city and the administrative center of Amur Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Amur and Zeya Rivers, opposite to the Chinese city of Heihe.

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Bloody Sunday (1905)

Bloody Sunday or Red Sunday (p) is the name given to the events of Sunday, in St Petersburg, Russia, when unarmed demonstrators led by Father Georgy Gapon were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

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Bogdan Willewalde

Bogdan Pavlovich Willewalde (Gottfried Willewalde; January 12, 1819, Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg – March 24, 1903, Dresden) was a Russian artist, academic, emeritus professor of military art, and a fellow of the Imperial Academy of Arts.

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Bogusław Fryderyk Radziwiłł

Bogusław Fryderyk Radziwiłł (3 January 1809 – 2 January 1873) was a Polish nobleman and Prussian military officer and politician.

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Boris Chicherin

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin (Бори́с Никола́евич Чиче́рин) (May 26, 1828 – February 3, 1904) was a Russian Empire jurist and political philosopher, who worked out a theory that Russia needed a strong, authoritative government to persevere with liberal reforms.

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Boris Fomin

Boris Ivanovich Fomin (Борис Иванович Фомин, 12 April 1900, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, - 25 October 1948, Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet musician and composer who specialized in the Russian romance.

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Boris Pasternak

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (|p|æ|s|t|ər|ˌ|n|æ|k) (29 January 1890 - 30 May 1960) was a Soviet Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator.

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Boris Rosing

Boris Lvovich Rosing (Бори́с Льво́вич Ро́зинг; (April 23, 1869 (old style, May 5, 1869, new style). – April 20, 1933) was a Russian scientist and inventor in the field of television.

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Borodinsky Bridge

Borodinsky Bridge (Бороди́нский мост) is a steel plate girder bridge that spans Moskva River, connecting Dorogomilovo District and Kievsky Rail Terminal with the centre of Moscow, Russia (two kilometers due west from the Kremlin).

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Bosnian crisis

The Bosnian crisis of 1908–09, also known as the Annexation crisis or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted when on 8 October 1908, Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formally within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire.

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Botik of Peter the Great

The Botik of Peter the Great (also called St. Nicholas) is a miniaturized scaled-down warship discovered by Peter the Great at the Royal Izmaylovo Estate in 1688.

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Boulevard de Sébastopol

The Boulevard de Sébastopol is an important roadway in Paris, France, which serves to delimit the 1st and 2nd arrondissements from the 3rd and 4th arrondissements of the city.

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Bourail

Bourail is a commune in the South Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean.

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Branches of the Russian Imperial Family

The Russian Imperial Family was split into four main branches named after the sons of Emperor Nicholas I.

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Brandy Alexander

A Brandy Alexander is a brandy-based cocktail consisting of cognac, crème de cacao, and cream that became popular during the early 20th century.

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British responses to the anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire

The word ‘pogrom’ is derived from the Russian word ‘погром.’ In Russia, the word pogrom was first used to describe the anti-Semitic attacks that followed the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881.

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Budapest Convention of 1877

The Budapest Convention (Budapester Vertrag) was a secret agreement between Austria-Hungary and Russia in 1877 to agree on policies and the division of powers in Southeast Europe in the eventuality of war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

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Bulgarian coup d'état of 1886

The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1886, also known as the 9 August coup d'état (Деветоавгустовски преврат, Devetoavgustovski prevrat) was an attempted dethronement of Knyaz Alexander Battenberg in Principality of Bulgaria, carried out on 9 August 1886.

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Burial sites of European monarchs and consorts

This list contains all European emperors, kings and regent princes and their consorts as well as well-known crown princes since the Middle Ages, whereas the lists are starting with either the beginning of the monarchy or with a change of the dynasty (e.g. England with the Norman king William the Conqueror, Spain with the unification of Castile and Aragon, Sweden with the Vasa dynasty, etc.). In addition, it contains the still-existing principalities of Monaco and Liechtenstein and the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.

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Byzantine architecture

Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Later Roman or Eastern Roman Empire.

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Byzantine Revival architecture

The Byzantine Revival (also referred to as Neo-Byzantine) was an architectural revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings.

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Cadet branch

In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets).

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Café Anglais

The Café Anglais (English café) was a famous French restaurant located at the corner of the Boulevard des Italiens (n° 13) and the Rue de Marivaux in Paris, France.

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Cantonist

Cantonists (Russian language: кантонисты; more properly: военные кантонисты, "military cantonists") were underage sons of Russian conscripts who from 1721 were educated in special "canton schools" (Кантонистские школы) for future military service (the schools were called garrison schools in the 18th century).

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Carl Bernhard von Trinius

Carl Bernhard von Trinius (6 March 1778, Eisleben – 12 March 1844, St. Petersburg) was a German-born botanist and physician.

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Carol II of Romania

Carol II (15 October 18934 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940.

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Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein

Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (February 8, 1819March 9, 1887) was a Polish noblewoman who pursued a 40-year liaison/relationship with Franz Liszt.

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Casa Capșa

Casa Capșa is a historic restaurant in Bucharest, Romania, first established in 1852.

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Caspar David Friedrich

Caspar David Friedrich (5 September 1774 – 7 May 1840) was a 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation.

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Cassius Marcellus Clay (politician)

Cassius Marcellus Clay (October 19, 1810 – July 22, 1903), nicknamed the "Lion of White Hall", was a Kentucky planter, politician, and emancipationist who worked for the abolition of slavery.

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Castor and Pollux (elephants)

Castor and Pollux were two elephants kept at the zoo Jardin des Plantes in Paris.

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Cathedral Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos

The Cathedral Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos (Саборна црква Рођења Пресвете Богородице / Saborna crkva Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice) is the largest Serbian Orthodox church in Sarajevo and one of the largest in the Balkans.

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Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene, Warsaw

The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Holy and Equal-to-the-Apostles Mary Magdalene is a Polish Orthodox cathedral, located at al.

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Catherine Chislova

Catherine Gavrilovna Chislova (Russian: Екатерина Гавриловна Числова) (21 September 1846 – 13 December 1889) was a Russian ballerina.

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Catherine Dolgorukov

Princess Catherine Dolgorukova (14 November 1847 – 15 February 1922), also known as Catherine Dolgorukova, Dolgoruki, or Dolgorukaya, was the daughter of Prince Michael Dolgorukov and Vera Vishnevskaya.

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Catherine Yurievskaya

Princess Catherine Alexandrovna Yurievskaya (Russian: Екатерина Александровна Юрьевская, Ekaterina; 9 September 1878 – 22 December 1959) was the natural daughter of Alexander II of Russia by his mistress (later his wife), Catherine Dolgorukov.

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Caucasian War

The Caucasian War (Кавказская война; Kavkazskaya vojna) of 1817–1864 was an invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire which resulted in Russia's annexation of the areas of the North Caucasus, and the ethnic cleansing of Circassians.

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Causes of the Franco-Prussian War

The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the German unification.

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Central Bank of Russia

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Центральный банк Российской Федерации Tsentral'nyy bank Rossiyskoy Federatsii) also known as the Bank of Russia (Банк России Bank Rossii) is the central bank of the Russian Federation, founded in 1860 as The State Bank of the Russian Empire, headquartered on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow.

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Cesarewitch Handicap

The Cesarewitch Handicap is a flat handicap horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older.

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Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny

Charles Auguste Louis Joseph Demorny de Morny, 1er Duc de Morny (15–16 September 1811, Switzerland10 March 1865, Paris) was a French statesman.

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Charles Floquet

Charles Thomas Floquet (2 October 1828 – 18 January 1896) was a French statesman.

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Chekhov Gymnasium

The Chekhov Gymnasium in Taganrog on Ulitsa Oktyabrskaya 9 (formerly Gymnasicheskaya Street) is the oldest gymnasium in the South of Russia.

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Cherkessk

Cherkessk (Черке́сск) is the capital city of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia, as well as its political, economic, and cultural center.

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Chinese Assassination Corps

The Chinese Assassination Corps (or China Assassination Corps) was an anarchist group, active in China during the final years of the Qing dynasty.

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Christian Daniel Rauch

Christian Daniel Rauch (2 January 1777 – 3 December 1857) was a German sculptor.

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Christina Oxenberg

Christina Oxenberg (Кристина Оксенберг, born December 27, 1962) is a Serbian-American writer, humorist, and fashion designer.

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Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein

Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (born 22 August 1949) has been the head of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (commonly known as the House of Glücksburg) and, by agnatic primogeniture, of the entire House of Oldenburg since 1980.

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Christopher Lieven

Prince Christopher Henry von Lieven, Lord of Mesothen (Kristofers Heinrihs fon Līvens; Христофор Андреевич Ливен; Christoph Heinrich von Liewen; Christoffer Henrik von Liewen af Eksjö; Christophe de Lieven; 6 May 1774 – 10 January 1839) was a Livonian nobleman, Russian general, ambassador to London in 1812–1834, and educator of tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaievitch.

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Christopher Szwernicki

Christopher Szwernicki (September 8, 1814 – November 26, 1894) was a priest of the Congregation of Marian Fathers.

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Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression

The chronology of Ukrainian language suppression.

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Chrysoberyl

The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula BeAl2O4.

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Church of Michael the Archangel, Baku

Church of Michael the Archangel (Михайло-Архангельский храм; Mixayil Arxangel kilsəsi) or Flotskaya (Church of the Fleet) is a Russian Orthodox church in central Baku, Azerbaijan, on Zargarpalan street.

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Church of St John sub Castro, Lewes

The Church of St John sub Castro is an Anglican church in Lewes, the county town of East Sussex, England.

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Church of the Holy Trinity, Svishtov

The Church of the Holy Trinity (Църква „Света Троица", Tsarkva „Sveta Troitsa") is a 19th-century Bulgarian Orthodox church in the northern Bulgarian town of Svishtov and one of the finest examples of late Bulgarian National Revival church architecture.

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Church of the Savior on Blood

The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood (Церковь Спаса на Крови, Tserkovʹ Spasa na Krovi) is one of the main sights of Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Church on Blood

In the Russian Orthodox tradition, Church on Blood (храм на крови) is a church commemorating the spot of the murder of a member of the royal family.

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Chuts

Chuts is the name applied to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands during the latter part of the 19th century.

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Circassian diaspora

The Circassian diaspora refers to the resettlement of the Circassian population, especially during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

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Circassian genocide

The Circassian genocide was the Russian Empire's ethnic cleansing, killing, forced migration, and expulsion of the majority of the Circassians from their historical homeland Circassia, which roughly encompassed the major part of the North Caucasus and the northeast shore of the Black Sea.

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City Garden (Sofia)

The City Garden (Градска градина, Gradska gradina) is Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria's oldest and most central public garden, in existence since 1872.

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Codex Sinaiticus

Codex Sinaiticus (Σιναϊτικός Κώδικας, קודקס סינאיטיקוס; Shelfmarks and references: London, Brit. Libr., Additional Manuscripts 43725; Gregory-Aland nº א [Aleph] or 01, [Soden δ 2&#93) or "Sinai Bible" is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible.

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Codex Zographensis

The Codex Zographensis (or Tetraevangelium Zographense; scholarly abbreviation Zo) is an illuminated Old Church Slavonic canon manuscript.

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Concordia Antarova

Concordia Antarova (Конкордия Евгеньевна Антарова, also known as Cora Antarova, 25 April 1886 O.S./13 April 1886 (N. S.) – 6 February 1959) was a Russian contralto who starred in the Bolshoi Theater for more than twenty years.

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Conestabile Madonna

The Conestabile Madonna is a small (and probably unfinished) painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael.

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Congress Poland

The Kingdom of Poland, informally known as Congress Poland or Russian Poland, was created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.

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Conscription in Russia

Conscription in Russia (in Russia is known as or "universal military obligation" or "liability for military service") is a 12-month draft, mandatory for all male citizens age 18–27, with a number of exceptions.

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Conscription in the Russian Empire

Conscription in the Russian Empire was introduced by Peter I of Russia.

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Constantin Stere

Constantin G. Stere or Constantin Sterea (Romanian; Константин Егорович Стере, Konstantin Yegorovich Stere or Константин Георгиевич Стере, Konstantin Georgiyevich Stere; also known under his pen name Șărcăleanu; June 1, 1865 – June 26, 1936) was a Romanian writer, jurist, politician, ideologue of the Poporanist trend, and, in March 1906, co-founder (together with Garabet Ibrăileanu and Paul Bujor — the latter was afterwards replaced by the physician Ioan Cantacuzino) of the literary magazine Viața Românească.

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Constantin von Tischendorf

Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (18 January 1815 – 7 December 1874) was a world-leading biblical scholar in his time.

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Constantine ruble

The Constantine ruble is a rare silver coin of the Russian Empire bearing the profile of Constantine, the brother of emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. It was prepared to be manufactured at the Saint Petersburg Mint during the brief Interregnum of 1825 but has never been minted in numbers and never circulated in public.

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Coronation of the Russian monarch

Coronations in Russia involved a highly developed religious ceremony in which the Emperor of Russia (generally referred to as the Tsar) was crowned and invested with regalia, then anointed with chrism and formally blessed by the church to commence his reign.

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Count Karl Ferdinand von Buol

Karl Ferdinand von Buol (Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein; 17 May 1797 – 28 October 1865) was an Austrian diplomatist and statesman, who served as Foreign Minister from 1852 to 1859.

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Count Nikolay Adlerberg

Count Nikolay Vladimirovich Adlerberg (Николай Владимирович Адлерберг; 19 May 1819 – 25 December 1892), Councilor of State, Chamberlain, governor of Taganrog, Simferopol and Finland.

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Count of Merenberg

Count of Merenberg (German: Graf von Merenberg) is the title bestowed in 1868 by the reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, George Victor, upon the morganatic wife and male-line descendants of Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau (1832-1905), who married Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina (1836-1913), former wife of Russian General Mikhail Leontievich von Dubelt.

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Countess Alexandra von Zarnekau

Countess Alexandra Constantinovna von Zarnekau (Russian: графиня Александра Константиновна Зарнекау, 10 May 1883 - 28 May 1957) was the eldest daughter of Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg and his morganatic wife, Agrippina Japaridze, Countess von Zarnekau.

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Countess Clotilde of Nassau-Merenberg

Clotilde, Countess von Merenberg, (born 14 May 1941 in Wiesbaden, Germany) is a German psychiatrist and the last patrilineal descendant of the royal House of Nassau.

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Crimean War

The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.

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Cristal (wine)

Cristal is the flagship cuvée of Champagne Louis Roederer, created in 1876 for Alexander II, tsar of Russia.

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Curd Jürgens

Curd Gustav Andreas Gottlieb Franz Jürgens (13 December 191518 June 1982) was a German-Austrian stage and film actor.

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Częstochowa

Częstochowa,, is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants as of June 2009.

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D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia

D.

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Daleszyce

Daleszyce is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,800 inhabitants (2006).

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Danube Cossack Host

The Danube Cossack Host (Дунайсько козацьке військо) was a Ukrainian Cossack Host formed in 1828 prior to the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), on the order of Emperor Nicholas I from descendants of the Zaporozhian Cossacks living in Bessarabia and in particularly the Budjak.

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Davidov Stradivarius

The Davidov Stradivarius (also: Davidoff or Davydov; Давыдов), is an antique cello made in 1712 by Italian luthier Antonio Stradivari of Cremona, Italy.

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Death squad

A death squad is an armed group that conducts extrajudicial killings or forced disappearances of persons for the purposes of political repression, genocide, or revolutionary terror.

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Derzhava (yacht)

The Derzhava (Держава, English translation: Orb) was a royal yacht of the House of Romanov.

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Diet of Finland

The Diet of Finland (Finnish Suomen maapäivät, later valtiopäivät; Swedish Finlands Lantdagar), was the legislative assembly of the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906 and the recipient of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.

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Dimitri Isayev (actor)

Dimitri Alekseyevich Isayev (also tr. Dmitriy Isaev; Дмитрий Алексеевич Исаев, born 23 January 1973) is a Russian actor.

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Dmitri Shostakovich

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (Дми́трий Дми́триевич Шостако́вич|Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich,; 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer and pianist.

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Dmitry Bludov

Count Dmitry Nikolayevich Bludov (1785 – 1864) was a Russian imperial official who filled a variety of posts under Nicholas I - Deputy Education Minister (1826–28), Minister of Justice (1830–31, 1838–39), Minister of the Interior (1832–38), Chief of the Second Section (1839–62).

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Dmitry Buturlin

Dmitry Petrovich Buturlin (Дмитрий Петрович Бутурлин) (11 May 1790 – 21 October 1849) was a Russian Empire general and military historian from an old noble family of Ratshid stock.

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Dmitry Karakozov

Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov (Дми́трий Влади́мирович Карако́зов in Russian) (October 23 Old Style (November 4 New Style), 1840 – September 3 Old Style (September 15 New Style), 1866) was the first Russian revolutionary to make an attempt on the life of a tsar.

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Dmitry Merezhkovsky

Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky (p; – December 9, 1941) was a Russian novelist, poet, religious thinker, and literary critic.

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Dmitry Milyutin

Count Dmitry Alekseyevich Milyutin (Дмитрий Алексеевич Милютин; 28 June 1816, Moscow – 25 January 1912, Simeiz near Yalta) was Minister of War (1861–81) and the last Field Marshal of Imperial Russia (1898).

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Dmitry Minayev

Dmitry Dmitriyevich Minayev (Дми́трий Дми́триевич Мина́ев, 2 November 1835, — 22 July 1889) was a Russian poet, parodist, journalist, translator and literary critic.

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Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Дніпропетро́вська о́бласть, Dnipropetrovs'ka oblast or Дніпропетровщина, Dnipropetrovshchyna, Днепропетро́вская о́бласть) is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country.

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Dominic von Habsburg

Dominic Habsburg-Lothringen, also known as Dominic von Habsburg (born 4 July 1937, Sonnberg, Lower Austria) is a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, also known by his ancestral titles as Archduke Dominic of Austria, Prince of Hungary, Bohemia, and Tuscany.

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Dorothea Lieven

Princess Dorothea von Lieven (Дарья Христофоровна Ливен, Daria Khristoforovna Liven), née Benckendorff (17 December 1785 – 27 January 1857) was a Baltic German noblewoman and wife of Prince Khristofor Andreyevich Lieven, Russian ambassador to London, 1812 to 1834.

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Douschka Pickens

Francis Eugenia Olga Neva "Douschka" Pickens (later Dugas; March 14, 1859 – August 18, 1893) was the daughter of Francis Wilkinson Pickens, former Governor of South Carolina, and Lucy Holcombe Pickens.

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Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg

Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Russia (Russian: Александра Петровна; 2 June 1838 – 25 April 1900) was a great-granddaughter of Emperor Paul I of Russia and the wife of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia, the elder.

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Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (later Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia, known as "Miechen" or "Maria Pavlovna the Elder"; 14 May 1854 – 6 September 1920) was born Marie Alexandrine Elisabeth Eleonore of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, daughter of Grand Duke Frederick Francis II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz.

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Duchess of Edinburgh

Duchess of Edinburgh is the principal courtesy title held by the wife of the Duke of Edinburgh.

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Duchy of Pless

The Duchy of Pless (or the Duchy of Pszczyna,Julian Janczak, (An outline for the History of Cartography till the End of the 18th century), Opole: 1976, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw: Institute of History of Science, Education and Technology, 1993,. This contains sections in several European languages, including; Accessed 2008-13-01. ^ Tadeusz Walichnowski, (Przynaleznosc terytorialna archiwaliow Panstwa Polskiego w stosunkach miedzynarodowych), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1977. Polish State Archives. ^Nagel's Encyclopedia Guide, Poland by Nagel Publishers, 1989, 399 pages,. Accessed 2008-13-01. Herzogtum Pleß, Księstwo Pszczyńskie) was a Duchy of Silesia, with its capital at Pless (present-day Pszczyna, Poland).

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Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg

Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg (2 June 1844 – 6 September 1932) was the second son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg.

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Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg

Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, Duke of Oldenburg(9 May 1850 - 18 March 1906) was a son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg Known in the court of Tsar Nicholas II as Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg, he was the father of the Russian Counts and Countesses von Zarnekau.

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Duke of Finland

Duke of Finland (in Finnish Suomen herttua; Swedish hertig av Finland) was an occasional medieval title granted as a tertiogeniture to the relatives of the King of Sweden between the 13th and 16th centuries.

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Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, also known as Ducal Holstein, that were ruled by the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.

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Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg

Duke Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg (26 August 1812 in Yaroslavl, Russian Empire – 14 May 1881 in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg.

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Dumitru C. Moruzi

Dumitru Constantin Moruzi (also known as Dimitrie Moruzi or Moruzzi; Дмитрий Константинович Мурузи, Dmitry Konstantinovich Muruzi; July 1 or 2, 1850 – October 9, 1914) was a Moldavian-born Imperial Russian and Romanian aristocrat, civil servant and writer.

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Dzintari

Dzintari (until 1922, Edinburgh) is a residential area and neighbourhood of the city of Jūrmala in Latvia.

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Early life of Vladimir Lenin

Lenin's father, Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov, was the fourth child of impoverished tailor Nikolai Vassilievich Ulyanov (born a serf father); and a far younger woman named Anna Alexeevna Smirnova, who lived in Astrakhan.

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Eastern Question

In diplomatic history, the "Eastern Question" refers to the strategic competition and political considerations of the European Great Powers in light of the political and economic instability in the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th to early 20th centuries.

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Eduard de Stoeckl

Eduard Andreevich Stoeckl (Эдуард Андреевич Стекль) (1804 in Constantinople – January 26, 1892 in Paris) was a Russian diplomat best known today for having negotiated the American purchase of Alaska on behalf of the Russian government.

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Edvard Radzinsky

Edvard Stanislavovich Radzinsky (Э́двард Станисла́вович Радзи́нский) (born September 23, 1936) is a Russian playwright, television personality, screenwriter, and the author of more than forty popular history books.

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Edward the Seventh

Edward the Seventh is a 1975 British television drama series, made by ATV in 13 episodes.

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Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel

Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel (24 February 1809 – 17 June 1885) was a German Generalfeldmarschall noted for his victories in the Franco-Prussian War.

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Ekaterine Dadiani, Princess of Mingrelia

Princess Ekateriné Dadiani (ეკატერინე დადიანი; née Chavchavadze; March 19, 1816August 13, 1882) was a prominent 19th-century Georgian aristocrat and the last ruling princess of the Western Georgian Principality of Mingrelia.

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Elena Stasova

Elena Dmitrievna Stasova (p; 3 October 1873 – 31 December 1966) was a Russian communist revolutionary who became a political functionary working for the Communist International (Comintern).

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Eliakum Zunser

Eliakum Zunser (Eliakim Badchen, Elikum Tsunzer) (October 28, 1840 – September 22, 1913) was a Lithuanian Jewish Yiddish-language poet, songwriter, and badchen who lived out the last part of his life in the U.S. A 1905 article in the New York Times lauded him as "the father of Yiddish poetry".

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Elisabeth of Romania

Elisabeth of Romania (full name Elisabeth Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria: Elisabeta a României, Ελισάβετ της Ρουμανίας; 12 October 1894 – 14 November 1956) was a princess of Romania and member of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and by marriage Queen consort of Greece during 1922–1924.

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Eliseyev Emporium (Saint Petersburg)

Elisseeff Emporium in St. Petersburg is a large retail and entertainment complex, including a famous food hall, constructed in 1902–1903 for the Elisseeff Brothers.

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Ella Adayevskaya

Ella Georgiyevna Adayevskaya (Элла (Елизавета) Георгиевна Адаевская; 26 July 1926) was a Russian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist.

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Emancipation reform of 1861

The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia (translit, literally: "the peasants Reform of 1861") was the first and most important of liberal reforms passed during the reign (1855-1881) of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.

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Emich Kyrill, Prince of Leiningen

Emich Kyrill, Prince of Leiningen (Emich Kirill Ferdinand Hermann Fürst zu Leiningen.; 18 October 192630 October 1991) was the son of Karl, Prince of Leiningen.

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Emil Wiesel

Emíl Wíesel (1 March 1866, Saint-Petersburg – 2 May 1943, Leningrad) – a painter, museum curator and a board member of the Imperial Academy of Arts, Russia (since 1914), organizer of international art exhibitions, councilor of Hermitage and Russian museum and Legion of Honor holder.

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Emma Albani

Dame Emma Albani, DBE (1 November 18473 April 1930) was a leading opera soprano of the 19th century and early 20th century, and the first Canadian singer to become an international star.

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Emma Goldman

Emma Goldman (1869May 14, 1940) was an anarchist political activist and writer.

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Emperor Alexander

Emperor Alexander may refer to.

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Emperor Norton

Joshua Abraham Norton (February 4, 1818 – January 8, 1880), known as Emperor Norton, was a citizen of San Francisco, California, who in 1859 proclaimed himself "Norton I, Emperor of the United States".

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Emperor of All Russia

The Emperor or Empress of All Russia ((pre 1918 orthography) Императоръ Всероссійскій, Императрица Всероссійская, (modern orthography) Император Всероссийский, Императрица всероссийская, Imperator Vserossiyskiy, Imperatritsa Vserossiyskaya) was the absolute and later the constitutional monarch of the Russian Empire.

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Ems Ukaz

The Ems Ukaz, or Ems Ukase (Эмский указ, Emskiy ukaz; Емський указ, Ems’kyy ukaz), was a secret decree (ukaz) of Tsar Alexander II of Russia issued in 1876, banning the use of the Ukrainian language in print, with the exception of reprinting of old documents.

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Ernst von Bibra

Dr.

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Estonia in World War II

Before the outbreak of the Second World War, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, concerning the partition and disposition of sovereign states, including Estonia, and in particular its Secret Additional Protocol of August 1939.

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Ethnic groups in Moscow

Moscow is the second most populous city of Europe, which hosts a minor population of ethnic minorities.

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Ettore Ximenes

Ettore Ximenes (April 11, 1855, Palermo – December 20, 1926, Rome) was an Italian sculptor.

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Eugene Botkin

Yevgeny Sergeyevich Botkin (Евге́ний Серге́евич Бо́ткин; 27 March 1865 – 17 July 1918), commonly known as Eugene Botkin, was the court physician for Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra and, while in exile with the family, sometimes treated the haemophilia-related complications of the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia.

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European Square (Kiev)

European Square (Європейська Площа, Yevropeys’ka Ploshcha) is a square located in what is known as the Old Town (Stare Misto) or the Upper Town, in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.

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Evgeny Salias De Tournemire

Count Evgeny Andreyevich Salias de Tournemire (Евгений Андреевич Салиас-де-Турнемир, 25 April 1840 – 18 December 1908) was a Russian writer, best known for his adventure novels based upon various episodes of Russian history of the 18th and early 19th centuries.

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Feliks Volkhovsky

Feliks Vadimovich Volkhovsky (Феликс Вадимович Волховский; 1846 in Poltava – July 21 (August 3), 1914) was a Russian revolutionary, journalist and writer.

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Fences in Saint Petersburg

The fences in Saint Petersburg, Russia are highly varied, with many notable examples remaining in use today from different periods in Russian architectural history.

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Fenwick Williams

General Sir William Fenwick Williams, 1st Baronet of Kars (4 December 1800 – 26 July 1883) was a Nova Scotian and renowned military leader for the British during the Victorian era.

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Feodor Kuzmich

Fyodor Kuzmich (Фёдор Кузьмич), also Feodor Kozmich, Феодор Козьмич, Theodore of Tomsk, or Fomich (died February 1, 1864, in Tomsk) was a Russian Orthodox starets.

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Feodor Pryanishnikov

Feodor Ivanovich Pryanishnikov (Фёдор Иванович Прянишников; 2 February 179328 April 1867) was a Russian actual privy councillor and postal administrator.

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Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927.

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Filipp Nefyodov

Filipp Diomidovich Nefyodov (Филипп Диомидович Нефёдов, 18 October 1838 in Ivanovo, Vladimir Governorate, Russian Empire – 25 March 1902 in Vladimir Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Russian writer, journalist, editor (Remeslennaya Gazeta, 1875-1876; Russky Kurjer, 1879), ethnographer and archeologist who made hundreds of excavations in Povolzhye, Ural and West Siberia, studying ancient kurgans.

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Finland's language strife

The Language Strife (lit) was a major conflict in the mid-19th century Finland.

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Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion

Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion (Henkikaartin 3., Livgardets 3:e finska skarpskyttebataljon, Leib-gvardii 3-j strelkovyi Finski bataljon), colloquially known as Guard of Finland (Suomen kaarti, Finska gardet) was a Finnish military unit during 1829-1905 based in Helsinki.

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Finnish National Opera

The Finnish National Opera (Suomen Kansallisooppera; Finlands Nationalopera) is a Finnish opera company based in Helsinki.

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First Aliyah

The First Aliyah (Hebrew: העלייה הראשונה, HaAliyah HaRishona), also known as the agriculture Aliyah, is a term used to describe a major wave of Zionist immigration (aliyah) to Palestine between 1882 and 1903.

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First stamp of the Russian Empire

The first stamp of the Russian Empire was a postage stamp issued in 1857 and introduced within the territory of the Russian Empire in 1858.

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Foreign policy of the Russian Empire

The Foreign policy of the Russian Empire covers Russian foreign relations down to 1917.

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Francis Wilkinson Pickens

Francis Wilkinson Pickens (1805/1807January 25, 1869) was a political Democrat and Governor of South Carolina when that state became the first to secede from the U.S.A. A cousin of Senator John C. Calhoun, Pickens was born into the culture of the antebellum plantocracy, and became an ardent supporter of nullification (refusal to pay federal import tariffs) when he served in the South Carolina house of representatives, before being elected to Congress and then the state senate.

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Franz Joseph I of Austria

Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.

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Franz Wilhelm Ferling

Franz Wilhelm Ferling (September 20, 1796 – December 8, 1874) was a German oboist, composer, and clarinetist.

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Frasier Crane

Frasier Winslow Crane is a fictional character on the American television sitcoms Cheers and Frasier, portrayed by Kelsey Grammer.

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Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Frederick Francis II (28 February 1823 – 15 April 1883) was a Prussian officer and Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 7 March 1842 until 15 April 1883.

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Frederick William III of Prussia

Frederick William III (Friedrich Wilhelm III) (3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840.

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Free Russian Press

The Free Russian Press (Вольная русская типография, also: Вольная русская книгопечатня) was a printing company and a publishing house launched in 1853 in London by Alexander Hertzen with a view to becoming the 'uncensored voice of free Russia'.

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Freedom of movement

Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".

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French Riviera

The French Riviera (known in French as the Côte d'Azur,; Còsta d'Azur; literal translation "Coast of Azure") is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France.

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Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg

Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert Graf von Berg (Frederick William Rembert, Count Berg; Russified into Граф Фёдор Фёдорович фон Берг, Graf Feodor Feodorovich von Berg) was an Baltic-German nobleman, statesman, diplomat and military leader who served in the Imperial Russian Army, the count of Austria (from 9.1849) and Finland (from 26.8.1856), and was the 5th last Field Marshal (promoted in 1866) in the history of the Russian Empire.

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Friedrichshafen

Friedrichshafen is an industrial city on the northern shoreline of Lake Constance (the Bodensee) in Southern Germany, near the borders of both Switzerland and Austria.

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Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Mikhailovich DostoevskyHis name has been variously transcribed into English, his first name sometimes being rendered as Theodore or Fedor.

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Fyodor Trepov (senior)

Fedor Fedorovich (Fyodor Fyodorovich) Trepov Senior (Федор Федорович Трепов) (1809–1889) was a Russian government official.

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Fyodor Tyutchev

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (Фёдор Иванович Тютчев, Pre-Reform orthography: Ѳедоръ Ивановичъ Тютчевъ; &ndash) was a Russian poet and statesman.

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Ganja Fortress

Fortress of Ganja – is a fortress in Ganja.

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Garda, Veneto

Garda is a comune on the shore of Lake Garda, in the province of Verona, region of Veneto, Northeastern Italy.

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Gatchina

Gatchina (Га́тчина) is a town and the administrative center of Gatchinsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Gatchina Palace

The Great Gatchina Palace (Большой Гатчинский дворец) is a palace in Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Głowno

Głowno is a town and community in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, in Zgierz County, about 25 km northeast of Łódź.

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Geheimrat

Geheimrat was the title of the highest advising officials at the Imperial, royal or princely courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the Geheimer Rat reporting to the ruler.

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Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia

Georg Friedrich Ferdinand, Prince of PrussiaEilers, Marlene.

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Georg Klindworth

Georg Klindworth, born Johann Georg Heinrich Klindworth on 16 April 1798 in Göttingen, Germany, was a nineteenth-century German diplomat and intelligence agent employed by several European leaders and princes.

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Georg Wilhelm Timm

Georg Wilhelm Timm, also known as Vasily Fyodorovich Timm (Russian: Василий Фёдорович Тимм; 21 June 1820, Riga - 19 April 1895, Berlin) was a Baltic-German painter, lithographer and ceramic designer, known for his genre and battle scenes.

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George Ashley Maude

Colonel Sir George Ashley Maude,, (1817–1894) was Crown Equerry of the Royal Mews in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom 1859–1894.

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George Henry Boker

George Henry Boker (October 6, 1823 – January 2, 1890) was an American poet, playwright, and diplomat.

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George I of Greece

George I (Γεώργιος Αʹ, Geórgios I; born Prince William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; Prins Vilhelm; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 1863 until his assassination in 1913.

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George King (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir George St Vincent King (15 July 1809 – 18 August 1891) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, China Station.

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George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg

George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince Romanowsky (29 February 1852 – 16 May 1912), also known as Prince Georgii Romanovsky or Georges de Beauharnais, was the youngest son of Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg and his wife, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia.

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George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland

George Granville William Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland KG FRS (19 December 1828 – 22 September 1892), styled Viscount Trentham until 1833, Earl Gower in 1833 and Marquess of Stafford between 1833 and 1861, was a British politician from the Leveson-Gower family.

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George V

George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.

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George Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry

George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry KP (26 April 1821 – 6 November 1884), styled Viscount Seaham between 1823 and 1854 and known as The Earl Vane between 1854 and 1872, was a British aristocrat, businessman, diplomat and Conservative politician.

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George Wilkes

George Wilkes (1817 – September 23, 1885) was an American journalist and newspaper editor.

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George, Crown Prince of Serbia

George, Crown Prince of Serbia (Karađorđević; 27 August 1887 – 17 October 1972) was the eldest son of King Peter I and Zorka of Montenegro.

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Georgia within the Russian Empire

The country of Georgia became part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.

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Georgiyevsk

Georgiyevsk (Гео́ргиевск) is a historical town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located in the North Caucasus on submontane tableland on the right bank of the Podkumok River (a tributary of the Kuma River), southeast of Stavropol.

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Georgy Chulkov

Georgy Ivanovich Chulkov (a; - January 1, 1939) was a Russian Symbolist poet, editor, writer and critic.

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German involvement in Georgian–Abkhaz conflict

The German involvement in Abkhazia dates back to the 1870s, when Russian Tsar Alexander II decided to settle German villagers in Abkhazia to "civilize" the newly conquered Caucasian peoples.

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German occupation of Estonia during World War II

After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, Army Group North reached Estonia in July.

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Gesya Gelfman

Gesya Mirokhovna Gelfman (Gesia Gelfman or Helfmann); (Гельфман, Геся Мироховна in Russian) (her name is often incorrectly spelled Gesya Mironovna and she sometimes gave an abbreviated "Mirovna"; she is sometimes referred to as Gesia, Hesse, Hessy or Jessie) (between 1852 and 1855, Mazyr — 2.1(13).1882, Saint Petersburg), Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya, implicated in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.

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Giovanni Caselli

Father Giovanni Caselli (8 June 1815 – 25 April 1891) was an Italian physicist, inventor and priest.

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Glyndon, Maryland

Glyndon, Maryland is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States.

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Golden Weapon "For Bravery"

The Gold Sword for Bravery (Russian: Золотое оружие «За храбрость») was a Russian Empire award for bravery.

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Gorchakov

Gorchakov, or Gortchakoff (Горчако́в), is a Russian princely family of Rurikid stock, descended from the Rurikid sovereigns of Peremyshl, Russia.

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Gospel riots

The Gospel riots (Ευαγγελικά, Evangelika), which took place on the streets of Athens in November 1901, were primarily a protest against the publication in the newspaper Akropolis of a translation into modern spoken Greek of the gospel of St Matthew, although other motives also played a part.

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Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Gottfried, 8th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Gottfried Hermann Alfred Paul Maximilian Viktor Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg; 24 March 189711 May 1960) was the only surviving son of Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

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Grand Choral Synagogue

The Grand Choral Synagogue of St.

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Grand Crimean Central Railway

The Grand Crimean Central Railway was a military railway built in 1855 during the Crimean War by Great Britain.

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Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia (30 August 1842 – 10 July 1849) was the eldest child and first daughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.

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Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia

Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia (24 June 1825 – 10 August 1844) was the youngest daughter and fourth child of Tsar Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia.

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Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (Анастасия Михайловна; 28 July 1860 – 11 March 1922) was a daughter of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia and a granddaughter of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia.

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Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia

Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (– 17 July 1918) was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, the last sovereign of Imperial Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna.

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Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia (17 January 1882 – 13 March 1957), sometimes known as Helen, Helena, Helene, Ellen, Yelena, Hélène, or Eleni, was a Russian grand duchess as the only daughter and youngest child of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia and Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

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Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia (9 May 1909 – 8 September 1967) was the second daughter of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

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Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; Мария Александровна; – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.

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Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia (2 February 1907 – 25 October 1951) was the eldest daughter of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna.

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Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1819–1876)

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna of Russia (Мария Николаевна) (18 August 1819 – 21 February 1876) was a daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, and sister of Alexander II.

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Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899–1918)

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (Maria Nikolaevna Romanova); Russian: Великая Княжна Мария Николаевна, – 17 July 1918) was the third daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna. Her murder following the Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in her canonization as a passion bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church. During her lifetime, Maria, too young to become a Red Cross nurse like her elder sisters during World War I, was patroness of a hospital and instead visited wounded soldiers. Throughout her lifetime she was noted for her interest in the lives of the soldiers. The flirtatious Maria had a number of innocent crushes on the young men she met, beginning in early childhood. She hoped to marry and have a large family. She was an elder sister of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, whose alleged escape from the assassination of the imperial family was rumored for nearly 90 years. However, it was later proven that Anastasia did not escape. In the 1990s, it was suggested that Maria might have been the grand duchess whose remains were missing from the Romanov grave that was discovered near Yekaterinburg, Russia and exhumed in 1991. However, further remains were discovered in 2007, and DNA analysis subsequently proved that the entire Imperial family had been murdered in 1918.

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Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (Мария Павловна; 16 February 1786 – 23 June 1859) was the third daughter of Paul I of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg.

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Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890–1958)

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (Великая Княгиня Мария Павловна; St. Petersburg, – Konstanz, 13 December 1958), known as Maria Pavlovna the Younger, was a granddaughter of Alexander II of Russia.

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Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (Мари́я Влади́мировна Рома́нова; born 23 December 1953 in Madrid) has been a claimant to the headship of the Imperial Family of Russia (who reigned as Emperors and Autocrats of All the Russias from 1613 to 1917) since 1992.

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Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (О́льга Алекса́ндровна; – 24 November 1960) was the youngest child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and younger sister of Emperor Nicholas II.

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Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia

Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (Olga Nikolaevna Romanova) ((Velikaya Knyazhna Ol'ga Nikolaevna); – 17 July 1918) was the eldest daughter of the last Tsar of the Russian Empire, Emperor Nicholas II, and of Empress Alexandra of Russia.

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Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia

Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (Tatiana Nikolaevna Romanova; Russian: Великая Княжна Татьяна Николаевна; 10 June 1897 – 17 July 1918) was the second daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, the last monarch of Russia, and of Tsarina Alexandra.

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Grand Duchess Vera Constantinovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Vera Constantinovna of Russia (16 February 1854 – 11 April 1912, великая княгиня Вера Константиновна) was a daughter of Grand Duke Konstantine Nicholaievich of Russia.

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Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (Ксения Александровна Романова; – 20 April 1960) was the elder daughter and fourth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia (née Princess Dagmar of Denmark) and the sister of Emperor Nicholas II.

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Grand Duchy of Finland

The Grand Duchy of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, Storfurstendömet Finland, Великое княжество Финляндское,; literally Grand Principality of Finland) was the predecessor state of modern Finland.

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Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia

Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia (Russian: Великий Князь Александр Александрович Романов; 7 June 1869 – 2 May 1870) was the infant son of Emperor Alexander III–the heir apparent, styled Tsesarevich, to the Russian throne as the eldest living son of Emperor Alexander II–and his consort, Marie Fyodorovna of Russia.

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Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia

Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia,(Russian: Алексей Александрович; 14 January 1850 (2 January O.S.) in St. Petersburg – 14 November 1908 in Paris) was the fifth child and the fourth son of Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse).

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Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich of Russia

Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich of Russia (Андрей Владимирович; (14 May 1879 – 30 October 1956) was a son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, a grandson of Emperor Alexander II and a first cousin of Nicholas II, Russia’s last Tsar. In 1900, he began an affair with the famous ballerina Mathilde Kschessinska, becoming the third grand duke to fall for her. Grand Duke Andrei followed a military career and graduated from the Alexandrovskaya Military Law academy in 1905. He occupied different military positions during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II, but with no particular distinction. He became senator in 1911 and was appointed Major General in the Russian Army in 1915. He took part in World War I, but was away from real combat spending most of the conflict at Russia's headquarters or in idle time in Saint Petersburg. In February 1917, shortly before the fall of the Russian monarchy, Grand Duke Andrei left Saint Petersburg to join his mother in Kislovodsk. He remained in the Caucasus for the next three years. After the October Revolution he was briefly arrested along with his brother, Grand Duke Boris, but they escaped. He departed revolutionary Russia in March 1920, being the last grand duke to leave for exile. In 1921, he married his longtime mistress Mathilde Kschessinska and recognized her son as his. The couple lived in the South of France until 1929 when they moved permanently to Paris, where Kschessinska opened a ballet school. After World War II, Grand Duke Andrei lived under reduced circumstances. Until his death at age 77, he was the last surviving Russian grand duke born in Imperial Russia.

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Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia

Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia (Борис Владимирович.; 24 November 1877 – 9 November 1943) was a son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, a grandson of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and a first cousin of Tsar Nicholas II.

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Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia

Grand Duke Dimitri Pavlovich of Russia (Его Императорское Высочество Великий Князь Дмитрий Павлович; 18 September 1891 – 5 March 1942) was a Russian Grand Duke and one of the few Romanovs to escape murder by the Bolsheviks after the Russian Revolution.

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Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia

Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia (Дми́трий Константи́нович; 13 June 1860 – 28 January 1919) was a son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia.

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Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia

Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia (9 May 1871 in Tsarskoe Selo – 9 August 1899 in Abastumani, Georgia) was the third son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia.

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Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia

Grand Duke Kirill (Cyril) Vladimirovich of Russia, (Кирилл Владимирович Рома́нов; Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov; – 12 October 1938) was a son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, a grandson of Emperor Alexander II and a first cousin of Nicholas II, Russia’s last Tsar.

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Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (Константи́н Никола́евич Рома́нов; 21 September 1827 – 25 January 1892) was the second son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and younger brother of Tsar Alexander II.

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Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia

Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (r; 13 June 1918) was the youngest son and fifth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and youngest brother of Nicholas II.

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Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia

Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 – 18 December 1909) was the fourth son and seventh child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia.

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Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia

Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia (Великий князь Никола́й Миха́йлович, 26 April 1859 – 28 January 1919) was the eldest son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia and a first cousin of Alexander III.

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Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831–1891)

Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Великий князь Николай Николаевич; 8 August 1831 – 25 April 1891) was the third son and sixth child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna.

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Grand Duke of Finland

Grand Duke of Finland or the Grand Prince of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinas, Storfurste av Finland), was from around 1580 to 1809 a title in use by most Swedish monarchs.

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Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia

Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia (Павел Александрович.; 3 October 1860 – 30 January 1919) was the sixth son and youngest child of Emperor Alexander II of Russia by his first wife, Empress Maria Alexandrovna.

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Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia

Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (Сергей Александрович; May 11, 1857 – February 17, 1905) was the fifth son and seventh child of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.

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Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia

Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia (Влади́мир Александрович; 22 April 1847 – 17 February 1909) was a son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia, a brother of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and the senior Grand Duke of the House of Romanov during the reign of his nephew, Emperor Nicholas II.

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Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia

Vladimir Kirillovich, Grand Duke of Russia (Cyrillic: Влади́мир Кири́ллович Рома́нов; 21 April 1992) was the Head of the Imperial Family of Russia, a position which he claimed from 1938 to his death.

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Grandchildren of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

This is a list of the 42 grandchildren of the British Queen Victoria (1819–1901, queen from 1837, married 1840) and her husband Prince Albert (the Prince Consort, 1819–1861), each of whom was therefore either a sibling or a first cousin to each of the others.

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Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville

Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville, (11 May 1815 – 31 March 1891), styled Lord Leveson until 1846, was a British Liberal statesman from the Leveson-Gower family.

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Great Eastern Crisis

The Great Eastern Crisis of 1875–78 began in the Ottoman Empire's territories on the Balkan peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings and wars that resulted in the meddling of international powers, and was ended with the Treaty of Berlin in July 1878.

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Great Famine (Ireland)

The Great Famine (an Gorta Mór) or the Great Hunger was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1849.

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Greek Ambassador to Russia

The Greek Ambassador to Russia is the ambassador of the Greek government to the government of Russia.

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Greek head of state referendum, 1862

From 19 November 1862 (1 December New Style), a plebiscite in Greece was held in support of adopting Prince Alfred of the United Kingdom, later Duke of Edinburgh, as king.

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Grigol Dadiani (Kolkhideli)

Prince Grigol Dadiani (გრიგოლ დადიანი; 6 October 1814 – 24 December 1901) was a member of the Georgian noble Dadiani family of Mingrelia.

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Grigol Orbeliani

Prince Grigol Orbeliani or Jambakur-Orbeliani (გრიგოლ ორბელიანი; ჯამბაკურ-ორბელიანი) (October 2, 1804 – March 21, 1883) was a Georgian Romanticist poet and general in Imperial Russian service.

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Grigory Chernetsov

Grigory Grigoryevich Chernetsov (Григорий Григорьевич Чернецов, 1802, Lukh — 1865, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian painter.

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Grigory Dzhanshiyev

Grigory Avetovich Dzhanshiyev (Գրիգոր Ավետի Ջանշյան; Григорий Аветович Джаншиев, 29 May 1851, Tiflis, Russian Empire, now Georgia, — 30 July 1900, Moscow, Russian Empire) was Russian lawyer, publicist and historian of Armenian descent.

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Grigory Goldenberg

Grigory Goldenberg (also referred to as Gregory Goldenberg or "Grigorii Goldenberg"; 1855—1880) was a Russian revolutionary and member of the «Narodnaya Volya» (People's Will) organisation.

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GURPS Alternate Earths II

GURPS Alternate Earths II is a supplement for the GURPS role-playing game.

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Gustavus Fox

Gustavus Vasa Fox (June 13, 1821 – October 29, 1883) was an officer of the United States Navy, who served during the Mexican-American War, and as Assistant Secretary of the Navy during the Civil War.

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GWR Victoria Class

The Great Western Railway Victoria Class were 2-4-0 broad gauge steam locomotives for passenger train work.

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Hanging

Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.

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Hanko

Hanko (Hangö) is a bilingual port town and municipality on the south coast of Finland, west of Helsinki.

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Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein

Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, since 1931 of Schleswig-Holstein (12 May 1917, Schloss Louisenlund, Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany – 10 August 1944, Zedlinsk, Poland) was the Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein and the heir apparent to the Head of the House of Oldenburg.

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Hayling Island

Hayling Island is an island off the south coast of England, in the borough of Havant in the county of Hampshire, near Portsmouth.

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Hôtel d'Estrées

The Hôtel d'Estrées is a hôtel particulier, a type of large townhouse of France, at 79 rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement of Paris.

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Heir apparent

An heir apparent is a person who is first in a line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person.

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Helmuth von Moltke the Elder

Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von Moltke (26 October 1800, Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin – 24 April 1891, Berlin) was a German Field Marshal.

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Helsinki Cathedral

Helsinki Cathedral (Helsingin tuomiokirkko, Suurkirkko; Helsingfors domkyrka, Storkyrkan) is the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran cathedral of the Diocese of Helsinki, located in the neighborhood of Kruununhaka in the centre of Helsinki, Finland.

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Helsinki Senate Square

The Senate Square (Senaatintori, Senatstorget) presents Carl Ludvig Engel's architecture as a unique allegory of political, religious, scientific and commercial powers in the centre of Helsinki, Finland.

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Henri Jean Baptiste Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu

Henri Jean Baptiste Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu (February 12, 1842 – June 16, 1912) was a French publicist and historian born at Lisieux, Calvados.

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Henrik Olrik

Ole Henrik Benedictus Olrik (24 May 1830 – 2 January 1890) was a Danish painter, sculptor and applied artist.

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Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865) was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister in the mid-19th century.

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Henry Sutherland Edwards

Henry Sutherland Edwards (1828–1906) was a British journalist.

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History of antisemitism

The history of antisemitism – defined as hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group – goes back many centuries; antisemitism has been called "the longest hatred".

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History of assassination

Assassination, the murder of an opponent or well-known public figure, is one of the oldest tools of power struggles, as well as the expression of certain psychopathic disorders.

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History of Astana

The city now known as Astana was founded by a unit of the Siberian Cossacks headed by Fyodor Shubin in 1830 as Akmoly settlement.

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History of Bălți

Bălţi is the second largest city in Moldova.

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History of Bulgaria (1878–1946)

After the Russo-Turkish War, an autonomous Bulgarian state was created within the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878.

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History of Christianity in Ukraine

The history of Christianity in Ukraine dates back to the earliest centuries of the apostolic church and according to Radziwiłł Chronicle Saint Andrew has ascended on hills of the future city of Kiev.

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History of Chuvashia

The history of Chuvashia spans from the region's earliest habitation by Finno-Ugric peoples to its incorporation into the Russian Empire and its successor states.

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History of Estonia

The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.

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History of Freiburg

The History of Freiburg im Breisgau can be traced back almost 900 years.

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History of Germans in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union

The German minority in Russia, Ukraine and the Soviet Union was created from several sources and in several waves.

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History of Latvia

The history of Latvia began around 9000 BC with the end of the last glacial period in northern Europe.

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History of Paris

The oldest traces of human occupation in Paris, discovered in 2008 near the Rue Henri-Farman in the 15th arrondissement, are human bones and evidence of an encampment of hunter-gatherers dating from about 8000 BC, during the Mesolithic period.

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History of Poland

The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Poland (1795–1918)

In 1795 the third and the last of the three 18th-century partitions of Poland ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of rail transport in Finland

The history of rail transport in Finland began on January 31, 1862, with the opening of the railway line between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna.

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History of Russia

The History of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs.

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History of Russia (1855–92)

In 1855 Alexander II began his reign as Tsar of Russia, and presided over a period of political and social reform, notably the emancipation of serfs in 1861 and the lifting of censorship.

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History of Russian journalism

The History of Russian journalism covers writing for newspapers, magazines, and the electronic media since the 18th century.

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History of Saint Petersburg

Founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703.

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History of serfdom

Like slavery, serfdom has a long history, dating to the Ancient Times.

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History of Siberia

The early history of Siberia is greatly influenced by the sophisticated nomadic civilizations of the Scythians (Pazyryk) on the west of the Ural Mountains and Xiongnu (Noin-Ula) on the east of the Urals, both flourishing before the Christian era.

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History of Sochi

The area of the Russian city of Sochi (Circassian: Шъачэ; Abkhazian: Шəача) was populated more than 100,000 years by ancient people of Asia Minor migrating through Colchis (olden Georgia).

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History of Taganrog

The southern Russian city of Taganrog began as one of Russia's first planned cities under Peter the Great.

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History of terrorism

The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism.

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History of the Bahá'í Faith

Bahá'í history is often traced through a sequence of leaders, beginning with the Báb's declaration in Shiraz on the evening of May 22, 1844, and ultimately resting on an Administrative Order established by the central figures of the religion.

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History of the Jews in Estonia

The history of the Jews in Estonia starts with individual reports of Jews in what is now Estonia from as early as the 14th century.

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History of the Jews in Mexico

The history of the Jews in Mexico can be said to have begun in 1519 with the arrival of Conversos, often called Marranos or “Crypto-Jews,” referring to those Jews forcibly converted to Catholicism and that then became subject to the Spanish Inquisition.

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History of the Jews in Moscow

The history of the Jews in Moscow goes back from the 17th century, although Moscow did not become an important Jewish center until the late 19th century when more Jews were legally allowed to settle.

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History of the Jews in Philadelphia

The Jews of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania can trace their history back to Colonial America.

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History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.

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History of the Jews in Russia

Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.

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History of the Jews in Saint Petersburg

The history of the Jews in Saint Petersburg (formerly known as Petrograd and then Leningrad) dates back to the 18th century and there is still a Jewish community in the city today.

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History of the Jews in the Soviet Union

The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Tsarist Russia conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

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History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev

History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev (translit) is a poem in 83 verses by the Russian poet and dramatist Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, written in 1868.

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HMS St Jean d'Acre (1853)

HMS St Jean d'Acre was the Royal Navy's first 101 gun screw two-decker line-of-battle ship.

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Holy Trinity Church, Bolshaya Martynovka

Holy Trinity Church is a Russian Orthodox church in the village of Bolshaya Martynovka, Rostov Oblast, Russia.

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Horace Günzburg

Horace Günzburg (Goratsii Evzelevich Gintsburg, Гораций Евзелевич Гинцбург, (Naftali-Gerts Evzelevich Gintsburg) 8 February 1833 in Zvenigorodka, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire – 2 March 1909 in Saint Petersburg), 2nd Baron Günzburg, was a Russian philanthropist.

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Horse meat

Horse meat is the culinary name for meat cut from a horse.

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Hortense Rhéa

Hortense Rhéa (September 4, 1844 – May 5, 1899) was a Belgium-born French actress whose popularity extended to the Russian Empire and later the United States of America.

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House of Dolgorukov

The House of Dolgorukov is a princely Russian family of Rurikid stock.

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House of Romanov

The House of Romanov (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. also Romanoff; Рома́новы, Románovy) was the second dynasty to rule Russia, after the House of Rurik, reigning from 1613 until the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II on March 15, 1917, as a result of the February Revolution.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Hunting in Russia

Hunting in Russia has an old tradition in terms of indigenous people, while the original features of state and princely economy were farming and cattle-breeding.

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If Ever I Cease to Love

"If Ever I Cease to Love" is a music hall song published by the English Lion comique George Leybourne, who was popular in the Victorian music venues, in 1871.

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Ignacy Hryniewiecki

Ignacy Hryniewiecki (Ignacy Hryniewiecki; Игнатий Иоахимович Гриневицкий, Ignaty Ioakhimovich Grinevitsky; party pseudonym: Kotik, Russian for "Kitten"; 1856 – 13 March 1881) was a revolutionary and independence fighter, member of People's Will and the principal assassin of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.

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Igor Grabar

Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar (Игорь Эммануилович Грабарь, 25 March 1871 in Budapest – 16 May 1960 in Moscow) was a Russian post-impressionist painter, publisher, restorer and historian of art.

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Igor Markevitch

Igor Borisovitch Markevitch (Игорь Борисович Маркевич, Igor Borisovich Markevich, Ігор Борисович Маркевич, Ihor Borysovych Markevych; July 27, 1912 – March 7, 1983) was a Russian composer and conductor who studied and worked in Paris, was naturalized Italian in 1947 and French in 1982.

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Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute

The National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" (NTUU "KPI") (Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського») is a major university in Kiev, Ukraine.

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Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov

Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov Илларион Иванович Воронцов-Дашков (27 May 1837 – 15 January 1916) was a notable representative of the Vorontsov family.

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Ilya Rubanovich

Ilya Alfonsovich Rubanovich (1859–1920) was a Russian revolutionary who joined 'The People's Will' ('Narodnaya Volya') in the 1880s.

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Immanuel Nobel

Immanuel Nobel the Younger (24 March 1801 – 3 September 1872) was a Swedish engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist.

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Imperator Aleksandr II-class battleship

The Imperator Aleksandr II-class battleships were two battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1880s.

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Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Imperial Russian Historical Society

The Imperial Russian Historical Society (Russian - Императорское Русское историческое общество) was a public organization of Imperial Russia.

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Imperial Theatres

Imperial Theatres of Russian Empire (Императорские театры Российской империи) was a theatrical organization financed by the Imperial exchequer and managed by a single directorate headed with a director; was pertain to the Ministry of the Imperial Court from 1742.

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In the Steppes of Central Asia

In the Steppes of Central Asia (Russian: В средней Азии, V srednyeĭ Azii, literally In Central Asia) is the common English title for a "musical tableau" (or symphonic poem) by Alexander Borodin, composed in 1880.

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Infante Alvaro, Duke of Galliera

Prince Álvaro Antonio Fernando Carlos Felipe de Orleans y Sajonia-Coburgo-Gotha, Duke of Galliera (20 April 1910 – 22 August 1997) was the 6th Duke of Galliera. He was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, German Empire. The first son of Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera (elder son of Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera and of Infanta Eulalia of Spain) and Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (youngest daughter of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and of Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia). Prince Alvaro, succeeded to the title of Duke of Galliera on 14 July 1937. He died at the age of 87, making him the last surviving child of Infante Alfonso and Princess Beatrice, as well the last surviving grandchild of Prince Alfred and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna. As his son Alonso died in 1975 at the age of 34, his grandson Alfonso inherited the Dukedom of Galliera.

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Institute for Nobles

Institute for Nobles (Дворянский Институт) was a form of boys-only boarding school in the Russian Empire that provided secondary education in the 19th century.

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International Working People's Association

The International Working People's Association (IWPA), sometimes known as the "Black International," was an international anarchist political organization established in 1881 at a convention held in London, England.

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Iosif Gurko

Count Iosif Vladimirovich Romeyko-Gurko (Ио́сиф Влади́мирович Роме́йко-Гурко́; —), also known as Joseph or Ossip Gourko, was a prominent Russian field marshal during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

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Ipatievsky Monastery

The Ipatiev Monastery (Ипатьевский монастырь in Russian)—sometimes translated into English as Hypatian Monastery—is a male monastery, situated on the bank of the Kostroma River just opposite the city of Kostroma.

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Ippolit Monighetti

Ippolit Antonovich Monighetti (1819–1878) was a Russian architect of Swiss descent who worked for the Romanov family.

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Irina Paley

Princess Irina Pavlovna Paley (21 December 1903 – 15 November 1990) was the daughter of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia and his second wife, Olga Valerianovna Karnovich.

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Irina Yusupova

Princess Irina Felixovna Yusupova (Ирина Феликсовна Юсупова), nicknamed "Bébé", (21 March 1915 – 30 August 1983) was born in Petrograd, Russian Empire, the only child of Prince Felix Yusupov and Princess Irina of Russia.

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Irish Setter

The Irish Setter (sotar rua, literally "red setter") is a setter, a breed of gundog, and family dog.

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Isaac Levitan

Isaac Ilyich Levitan (Исаа́к Ильи́ч Левита́н; &ndash) was a classical Russian landscape painter who advanced the genre of the "mood landscape".

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Isetsky District

Isetsky District (Исе́тский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-two in Tyumen Oblast, Russia.

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Islossningen i Uleå älv

Islossningen i Uleå älv (The Breaking of the Ice on the River Oulu), Op.

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Israel Rosenberg

Israel (also Yisroel or Yisrol) Rosenberg (c. 1850 – 1903 or 1904; Yiddish/Hebrew: ישראל ראָזענבערג) founded the first Yiddish theater troupe in Imperial Russia.

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It's Not All Shrovetide for the Cat

It's Not All Shrovetide for the Cat (translit) is a play by Alexander Ostrovsky written in 1871 and first published in the No.

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Ivan Tereshchenko

Ivan Nikolovich Tereshchenko (Иван Никола́евич Тере́щенко; Іва́н Микола́йович Тере́щенко) was a Russian collector, philanthropist, sugar manufacturer and landowner of Ukrainian origin.

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Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1581 is a painting by Russian realist artist Ilya Repin made between 1883 and 1885.

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Ivan Turgenev

Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (ɪˈvan sʲɪrˈɡʲeɪvʲɪtɕ tʊrˈɡʲenʲɪf; September 3, 1883) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, translator and popularizer of Russian literature in the West.

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Ivan Yemelyanov

Ivan Panteleymonovich Yemelyanov (Иван Пантелеймонович Емельянов) was a Russian revolutionary and a member of Narodnaya Volya who took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II.

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Ivan Yuvachov

Ivan Pavlovich Yuvachev (1860–1940) was a narodovolets, i.e., a member of The People's Will (Narodnaya Volya) revolutionary organization that assassinated Tsar Alexander II, after seven failed assassination attempts.

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Ivane Amilakhvari

Ivane Amilakhvari (ივანე ამილახვარი, Иван Гивич Амилахвари; January 26, 1829 – August 27, 1905) was a Georgian nobleman and a military commander in Imperial Russian service.

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Izhevsk

Izhevsk (p; Иж, Iž, or Ижкар, Ižkar) is the capital city of the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located along the Izh River in the Western Ural Mountains.

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Izmaylovsky Regiment

The Izmaylovsky Regiment (Izmáylovskiy leyb-gvárdii polk) was one of the oldest regiments of the Russian army, a subdivision of the 1st Guards Infantry Division of the Imperial Russian Guard.

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Jacob Barit

Jakob Barit, also known as Yankele Kovner (12 September 1797 – 6 March 1883) was a Russian Talmudist and communal worker.

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Jacob Brafman

Iakov Aleksandrovich Brafman (1825—28 December 1879), commonly known as Jacob Brafman, was a Russian Jew from near Minsk, who became notable for converting first to Lutheranism and then the Russian Orthodox Church.

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Jacob C. Gutman

Jacob Charles Gutman (1890–1981) was an American businessman and philanthropist.

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Jacob Pavlovich Adler

Jacob Pavlovich Adler (born Yankev P. Adler; February 12, 1855 – April 1, 1926)IMDB biography was a Jewish actor and star of Yiddish theater, first in Odessa, and later in London and in New York City's Yiddish Theater District.

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Jan Ksawery Kaniewski

Jan Ksawery Kaniewski, also known in Italian as Francesco Saverio Kaniewski (1805 – 13 April 1867) was a Polish painter trained in St. Petersburg who spent several years in Rome.

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January Uprising

The January Uprising (Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m. sukilimas, Belarusian: Паўстанне 1863-1864 гадоў, Польське повстання) was an insurrection instigated principally in the Russian Partition of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against its occupation by the Russian Empire.

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Jarosław Dąbrowski

Jarosław Żądło-Dąbrowski (also known as Jaroslav Dombrowski; 13 November 1836 – 23 May 1871) was a Polish nobleman and military officer in the Imperial Russian Army, a left-wing independence activist for Poland, and general and military commander of the 1871 Siege and Commune of Paris.

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Jean Ambroise Baston de Lariboisière

Jean Ambroise Baston de Lariboisière, also Count de Lariboisière, was a general of artillery of the First French Empire.

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Jean-Valentin Morel

Jean-Valentin Morel (1794–1860) was a French gold and silversmith noted for the quality of his work.

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Jewish humour

Jewish humour is the long tradition of humour in Judaism dating back to the Torah and the Midrash from the ancient Middle East, but generally refers to the more recent stream of verbal and often anecdotal humour of Ashkenazi Jewry which took root in the United States over the last hundred years, including in secular Jewish culture.

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Jewish Orphanage Berlin-Pankow

Jewish Orphanage Berlin-Pankow (Jüdisches Waisenhaus) is a former Jewish orphanage and a listed building in Berlin-Pankow.

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Jewish Socialist Federation

The Jewish Socialist Federation (JSF) was a secular Jewish Yiddish-oriented organization founded in 1912 which acted as a language federation in the Socialist Party of America (SPA).

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Jews in New York City

Jews in New York City comprise approximately eight percent of the city's population, making the Jewish community the largest in the world outside of Israel.

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Joachim Joseph André Murat

Joachim Joseph André Murat (12 December 1828 – 13 March 1904) was a French politician who served as deputy for Lot from 1854 to 1889 during the Second French Empire and the French Third Republic.

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Joachim Lelewel

Joachim Lelewel (22 March 1786 – 29 May 1861) was a Polish historian, bibliographer, polyglot and politician.

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Johan Vilhelm Snellman

Johan Vilhelm Snellman (12 May 1806, Stockholm – 4 July 1881, Kirkkonummi) was an influential Fennoman philosopher and Finnish statesman, ennobled in 1866.

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Johann Cornies

Johann(es) Cornies (20 June 1789 – 13 March 1848) was a German Mennonite settler in the Russian Empire, who became an important agricultural and architectural reformer for the Mennonites, Hutterites and other minorities in the Russian Empire.

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Johann Felsko

Johann Daniel Felsko (Johans Daniels Felsko; 30 October 1813, Riga, Russian Empire — 7 October 1902, Riga, Russian Empire) was an architect, urban planner and the chief architect of Riga for 35 years in the period 1844—79.

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Johann Köler

Johann Köler (8 March 1826 – 22 April 1899) was a leader of the Estonian national awakening and a painter.

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Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz

Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz GmbH (English: John Maria Farina opposite Jülich's Square) is the world's oldest eau de Cologne and perfume factory.

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Johann Most

Johann Joseph "Hans" Most (February 5, 1846 in Augsburg, Bavaria – March 17, 1906 in Cincinnati, Ohio) was a German-American anarchist politician, newspaper editor, and orator.

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Johann von Klenau

Johann von Klenau (13 April 1758 – 6 October 1819), also called Johann Josef Cajetan von Klenau und Janowitz, was a field marshal in the Habsburg army.

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John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton

John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, (10 January 1834 – 19 June 1902), was an English Catholic historian, politician, and writer.

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John Denison Champlin Jr.

John Denison Champlin Jr. (29 January 1834 – 8 January 1915) was a nonfiction writer and editor from the United States.

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John Loder (actor)

John Loder (born William John Muir Lowe; 3 January 1898 – 26 December 1988) was a British actor who later became an American citizen (1947).

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John of Damascus (poem)

John of Damascus (Иоанн Дамаскин) is a poem by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, first published in the January, No.1, 1859 issue of Russkaya Beseda magazine.

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Jonas Basanavičius

Jonas Basanavičius (Jan Basanowicz; 23 November 1851 – 16 February 1927) was an activist and proponent of the Lithuanian National Revival.

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José Antonio Saravia

José Antonio Saravia or José Antonio Sarabia (Villanueva del Fresno, Spain, 1785 – Kamenetz, now in Ukraine, 2 April 1871) was an army officer during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Josep de Suelves i de Montagut

Josep de Suelves i de Montagut, 9th Marquis of Tamarit (1850–1926) was a Spanish Carlist politician.

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Joseph Rabinowitz

Joseph Rabinowitz, also Rabinovich (23 September 1837 – 17 May 1899) was a member of a Jewish Christian congregation in Russia.

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Joseph Sokolsky

Joseph Sokolsky (Йосиф Соколски, Gabrovo, Ottoman Empire 1786 – died in Kiev, Russian Empire September 30, 1879) was the first senior Eastern Orthodox Bulgarian clergyman who convert to Catholicism, thus becoming a pioneer of the Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic Church.

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Joshua ben Aaron Zeitlin

Joshua ben Aaron Zeitlin (October 10, 1823, in Kiev – January 11, 1888, in Dresden), was the Jewish and Russian scholar and philanthropist.

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Judicial reform of Alexander II

The judicial reform of Alexander II is generally considered one of the most successful and consistent of all his reforms (along with the military reform).

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Judicial system of the Russian Empire

The judicial system of the Russian Empire was established as part of the system of government reforms of Peter the Great.

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Juhan Liiv

Juhan Liiv (in Allatzkiwwi &ndash) in Werbach-Kosse) is one of Estonia's most famous poets.

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Julia, Princess of Battenberg

Julia, Princess of Battenberg (– 19 September 1895) was the wife of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, the mother of Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria, and ancestress to the current generations of the British and Spanish royal families.

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Julius Rappoport

Julius Alexandrovitch Rappoport, Russian silversmith, Fabergé workmaster.

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Julius von Klever

Julius Sergius von Klever (Russian: Юлий Юльевич Клевер; 31 January 1850, Tartu - 24 December 1924, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian landscape painter of Baltic-German ancestry.

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Jury trial

A jury trial, or trial by jury, is a lawful proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact.

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Kalinin Machine-Building Plant

JSC Kalinin Machine-Building Plant, ZiK or MZiK for short (Машиностроительный завод имени М.И.Калинина, ЗиК, МЗиК) is a large Soviet/Russian industrial factory, now part of Almaz-Antey holding.

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Kandalakshskaya Volost

Kandalakshskaya Volost (Кандала́кшская во́лость) was an administrative division (a volost) over time included into various administrative divisions of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR.

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Kanno Sugako

, also called, was a Japanese anarcho-feminist journalist.

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Katia (film)

Katia is a 1938 French historical drama film starring Danielle Darrieux.

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Kaunas Fortress

Kaunas Fortress (Kauno tvirtovė, Кοвенская крепость) is the remains of a fortress complex in Kaunas, Lithuania.

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Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University (Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Kazanskiy (Privolzhskiy) federalnyy universitet; Казан (Идел Буе) федераль университеты) is located in Kazan, Russia.

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Kerch (fortress)

Kerch Fortress (Fort Totleben) is a fortress in eastern Crimea, located on Cape Ak-Burun (English: White Cape) at the narrowest point of the Kerch Strait.

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Khanate of Kokand

The Khanate of Kokand (Qo‘qon Xonligi, Қўқон Хонлиги, قۇقان خانلىگى; Qoqon xandığı, قوقون حاندىعى; Xânâte Xuqand) was a Central Asian state in Fergana Valley that existed from 1709–1876 within the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan, eastern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and southeastern Kazakhstan.

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Khivan campaign of 1873

By the Russo–Khivan War of 1873 Russia gained control over the Khanate of Khiva.

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Khreshchaty Park

Khreshchaty Park (Хрещатий парк) is a city park in Kiev located next to the European Square, on right bank slopes of Dnieper and along the Volodymyr Descent.

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Khwarezm

Khwarezm, or Chorasmia (خوارزم, Xvârazm) is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum desert, on the south by the Karakum desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau.

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Kierbedź Bridge

The Kierbedź Bridge was the first steel bridge over the Vistula River in Warsaw.

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Kiev pogrom (1881)

The Kiev pogrom of 1881 lasted for three days.

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King Kalākaua's world tour

The 1881 world tour of King Kalākaua of the Kingdom of Hawaii was his attempt to save the Hawaiian culture and population from extinction through the importation of a labor force from Asia-Pacific nations.

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Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Regno dê Doje Sicilie, Regnu dî Dui Sicili, Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the largest of the states of Italy before the Italian unification.

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Kings of Poland family tree

This is a family tree of the Kings of Poland.

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Kings of the Hellenes family tree

The following is a family tree for the Kings of the Hellenes of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which ruled Greece between the election of Prince Wilhelm of Denmark (George I) to replace Otto of Greece in 1863 until the declaration of the Second Hellenic Republic in 1924, and again from 1935 until the abolition of the monarchy during the reign of King Constantine II in 1973.

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Kirill Gorbunov

Kirill Gorbunov (Russian: Кирилл Антонович Горбунов; 1822 (1815?), Vladikino, Penza Oblast — 8 November 1893, Tsarskoye Selo) was a Russian portrait painter and lithographer.

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Kivach Falls

Kivach Falls (Кивач, from Karelian kiivas, "impetuous") is a 10.7-m-high cascade waterfall in Russia.

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Klezmer

Klezmer (Yiddish: כליזמר or קלעזמער (klezmer), pl.: כליזמרים (klezmorim) – instruments of music) is a musical tradition of the Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern Europe.

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Kola Norwegians

The Kola Norwegians (Kolanordmenn) were Norwegian settlers along the coastline of the Kola Peninsula in Russia.

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Kolsky Uyezd

Kolsky Uyezd (Ко́льский уе́зд) was an administrative division (an uyezd) of the Tsardom of Russia and later of the Russian Empire.

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Konstantin Aksakov

Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov (Константи́н Серге́евич Акса́ков) (10 April 1817, Novo-Aksakov, Orenburg Governorate – 19 December 1860, Zakynthos, US of the Ionian Islands) was a Russian critic and writer, one of the earliest and most notable Slavophiles.

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Konstantin Dadiani

Prince Konstantin Dadiani (კონსტანტინე დადიანი, Константин Леванович Дадиани; 18 October 1819 – 25 April 1889) was a Georgian nobleman of the House of Dadiani and general of the Russian Imperial Army.

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Konstantin Katakazi

Konstantin Gavrilovich Catacazy or Katakazi (Константин Гаврилович Катакази) (1830 - April 1, 1890) was a Russian diplomat of the 19th century, minister plenipotentiary of the Russian Empire to the United States.

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Konstantin Makovsky

Konstantin Yegorovich Makovsky (Константин Егорович Маковский; —) was an influential Russian painter, affiliated with the "Peredvizhniki (Wanderers)".

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Konstantin Mereschkowski

Konstantin Sergeevich Mereschkowski (p; – 9 January 1921) was a prominent Russian biologist and botanist, active mainly around Kazan, whose research on lichens led him to propose the theory of symbiogenesis – that larger, more complex cells (of eukaryotes) evolved from the symbiotic relationship between less complex ones.

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Konstantin Päts

Konstantin Päts (– 18 January 1956) was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia, and served five times as the country's head of state.

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Konstantin Pobedonostsev

Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev (p; May 21, 1827, Moscow – March 23, 1907, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian jurist, statesman, and adviser to three Tsars.

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Konstantin Sigismundovich Zharnovetsky

Konstantin Sigismundovich Zharnovetsky (Russian: Константин Сигизмундович Жарновецкий, 1881, Yerevan – 1941, Leningrad) was a Russian Bolshevik, a commissar of the Peterhof Military Revolutionary Committee, the head of the Red Army in the city of Narva, a professor heading the faculty of social studies at Leningrad University.

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Korop

Korop (Короп) is an urban-type settlement (town) in Chernihiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine, the administrative center of Korop Raion.

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Kraft, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Kraft, 9th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Kraft Alexander Ernst Ludwig Georg Emich Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg; 25 June 1935 – 16 March 2004) was the eldest son of Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

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Krutitsy

Krutitsy Metochion (Крути́цкое подворье), full name: Krutitsy Patriarchal Metochion (Крутицкое Патриаршее подворье) is an operating ecclesiastical estate of Russian Orthodox Church, located in Tagansky District of Moscow, Russia, 3 kilometers south-east from the Kremlin.

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Kryvyi Rih

Kryvyi Rih (krɪˈwɪj riɦ|lit.

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Kuban Cossacks

Kuban Cossacks (Кубанские кaзаки, Kubanskiye Kаzaki; Кубанські козаки, Kubans'ki Kozaky) or Kubanians (кубанцы, кубанці) are Cossacks who live in the Kuban region of Russia.

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Kuban People's Republic

The Kuban People's Republic (Кубанская Народная Республика; Кубанська Народна Республiка) was an anti-Bolshevik state during the Russian Civil War, comprising the territory of the modern-day Kuban region in Russia.

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La fille du Danube

La Fille du Danube (The Daughter of the Danube) is a ballet in two acts and four scenes, choreographed by Filippo Taglioni to music by Adolphe Adam.

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La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein

La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein (The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein) is an opéra bouffe (a form of operetta), in three acts and four tableaux by Jacques Offenbach to an original French libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy.

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Ladoga Canal

The Ladoga Canal (Лaдожский канал, Ladozhsky Canal) is a historical water transport route, now situated in Leningrad Oblast, linking the Neva and the Svir River so as to bypass the stormy waters of Lake Ladoga which lies immediately to the northwest.

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Land reforms by country

Agrarian reform and land reform have been a recurring theme of enormous consequence in world history.

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Landmarks of Saint Petersburg

The appearance of St. Petersburg includes long, straight boulevards, vast spaces, gardens and parks, decorative wrought-iron fences, monuments and decorative sculptures.

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Lanskaya railway station

Lanskaya platform (Платфо́рма Ланска́я; Lanskaja) is a railway station located in St. Petersburg, Russia.

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Lapland gold rush

The Lapland gold rush, also known as the Ivalo Gold Rush, was a gold rush that occurred in the 1870s in Lapland, Grand Duchy of Finland, then part of Imperial Russia.

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Le Corsaire

Le Corsaire is a ballet typically presented in three acts, with a libretto originally created by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges loosely based on the poem The Corsair by Lord Byron.

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Left-wing terrorism

Left-wing terrorism (sometimes called Marxist–Leninist terrorism or revolutionary/left-wing terrorism) is terrorism meant to overthrow conservative or capitalist systems and replace them with Marxist–Leninist, socialist, or anarchist societies.

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Lennart Bernadotte

Lennart Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (born Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland; 8 May 1909 – 21 December 2004) was a Swedish-German landscaper, filmmaker and photographer.

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Lev Lagorio

Lev Feliksovich Lagorio (Russian: Лев Феликсович Лагорио; 9 December 1826, Feodosia - 17 November 1905, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian painter and watercolorist, known primarily for his seascapes and maritime scenes.

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Lev Tikhomirov

Lev Alexandrovich Tikhomirov (Лев Александрович Тихомиров; 1852, Gelendzhik – 1923, Sergiyev Posad), originally a Russian revolutionary and one of the members of the Executive Committee of the Narodnaya Volya, following his disenchantment with violent revolution became one of the leading conservative thinkers in Russia.

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Liberator

Liberator may refer to.

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Lieven

The Lievens (Latvian Līveni; German Liewen) are one of the oldest aristocratic families of Baltic Germans.

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Lifeguard Jaeger Regiment

His Majesty Lifeguard Regiment («Лейб-гвардии Егерский Его Величества полк»), short also Lifeguard Jaeger Regiment (or: LG Jaeger Regiment), was a Jaeger regiment of the Russian Imperial Guard from 1796 to 1917.

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Likbez

Likbez (ликбе́з,; from a Russian abbreviation for "likvidatsiya bezgramotnosti", ликвида́ция безгра́мотности,, meaning "elimination of illiteracy") was a campaign of eradication of illiteracy in Soviet Russia and Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s.

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Line of succession to the former Russian throne

The Monarchy of Russia was abolished in 1917 following the February Revolution, which forced Emperor Nicholas II (1868–1918) to abdicate.

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Line of succession to the Luxembourger throne

Since 2011, the crown of Luxembourg descends according to absolute primogeniture among Grand Duke Henri's descendants and according to agnatic primogeniture among other dynasts.

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Lisitsyn family

The Lisitsyn family (Лисицыны) was a Russian family of the first documented samovar-makers, metalworkers and businessmen, living in the city of Tula in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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List of 7-foot gauge railway locomotive names

This is a list of the names of broad gauge railway locomotives built in the United Kingdom during the heyday of that gauge (which ended in that country by 1892 with the final triumph of standard gauge).

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List of ambassadors of Russia to Austria

The first Ambassador of Russia to Austria was Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn and he served in this position from 1763 until 1792.

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List of ambassadors of Russia to China

The Russian ambassador in Beijing is the official representative of the government in Moscow to the government of China.

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List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Russia

The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia (Russian: Британский Посол в России) is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Russian Federation, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Russia.

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List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government

Many notable Head of Governments and States whose deaths have resulted from assassination or execution.

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List of assassinations in Europe

This is a list of assassinations which took place on the continent of Europe.

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List of assassinations in fiction

Assassinations have formed a major plot element in various works of fiction.

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List of churches in Estonia

This is the List of churches in Estonia.

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List of consorts of Holstein-Gottorp

The Duchesses of Holstein-Gottorp were the consorts of the rulers of Holstein-Gottorp.

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List of coupled cousins

This is a list of prominent individuals who have been romantically or maritally coupled with a cousin.

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List of cultural icons of Russia

This is a list of cultural icons of Russia.

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List of current pretenders

A pretender is an aspirant or claimant to a monarchy that either has been abolished or suspended, or is occupied by another.

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List of dining events

This is a list of historic and contemporary dining events, which includes banquets, feasts, dinners and dinner parties.

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List of equestrian statues

This is a list of equestrian statues by country.

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List of fictional monarchs

This is a list of fictional Monarchs – characters who appear in fiction as the monarch of a fictional or real country.

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List of Finnish consorts

The Consorts of Finland were the spouses of the Finnish Monarchs.

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List of Finnish monarchs and Heads of State

This is a list of the monarchs of Finland until it became a republic in 1919; that is, the Kings of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the Grand Dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs, up to the two-year Regent period following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.

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List of foreign recipients of the Légion d'Honneur

The Order of Légion d'Honneur is the highest decoration in France and is divided into five degrees: Chevalier (Knight), Officier (Officer), Commandeur (Commander), Grand Officier (Grand Officer) and Grand Croix (Grand Cross).

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List of Grand Cordons of the Order of Leopold

The Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold is the highest and oldest rank of chivalrie and a formal diplomatic gift of the Kingdom of Belgium.

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List of Grand Duchesses of Russia

This is a list of those members of the Russian Imperial House who bore the title Velikaia Kniaginia (Великая Княгиня) or Velikaia Knazhna (Великая Княжна) (usually translated into French and English as Grand Duchess, but more accurately Grand Princess).

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List of Grand Dukes of Russia

This is a list of those members of the Russian Imperial Family who bore the title Velikiy Knjaz (usually translated into English as Grand Duke, but more accurately Grand Prince).

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List of grandchildren of Paul I of Russia

Through his grandchildren, Paul I of Russia is an ancestor of many European royals.

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List of heads of government of Russia

Approximately 98 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1726.

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List of heads of state and government who died in office

This is a list of heads of state and government who died in office.

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List of heads of state and government who survived assassination attempts

This article is a list of heads of state who have survived assassination attempts.

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List of heirs to the Russian throne

This is a list of the individuals who were, at any given time, considered the next in line to inherit the throne of Russia or Grand Prince of Moscow.

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List of honorary British knights and dames

This is an incomplete list of people who have been created honorary Knights or Dames by the British crown, as well as those who have been raised to the two comparable Orders of Chivalry (Order of Merit and Order of the Companions of Honour) and the Royal Victorian Chain, which do not carry pre-nominal styles.

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List of kingdoms and royal dynasties

Monarchism is a movement that supports the monarchy as a form of government.

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List of Knights and Ladies of the Garter

The Most Noble Order of the Garter was founded by Edward III of England in 1348.

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List of Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order appointed by Edward VII

The Royal Victorian Order is an order of knighthood awarded by the sovereign of the United Kingdom and several Commonwealth realms.

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List of Knights of the Golden Fleece

This page contains a list of Knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

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List of Knights of the Order of the Elephant

These are the Knights of the Order of the Elephant (since 1900).

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List of Knights of the Royal Order of the Seraphim

These are the Knights (men) and Members (women) of the Royal Order of the Seraphim.

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List of massacres in Russia

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Russia (numbers may be approximate).

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List of minerals named after people

This is a list of minerals named after famous or notable people.

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List of Ministers of Interior of Russia

This is a list of Ministers of Internal Affairs of Russia.

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List of monarchs by nickname

This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname.

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List of museums in Saint Petersburg

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List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: A

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List of North European Jews

Before the Holocaust, Jews were a significant part of the population in Lithuania where they numbered around 240,000, including approximately 100,000 in Vilnius, or about 45% of that city's pre-World War II population (Vilnius was also once known as the "Jerusalem of Lithuania").

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List of parks in Baku

Baku, Azerbaijan has a variety of parks located in various parts of the capital and in the suburbs of the Absheron Peninsula.

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List of people from Saint Petersburg

This is a list of famous people who have lived in Saint Petersburg, Russia (1914–1924: Petrograd, 1924–1991: Leningrad).

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List of people from Tbilisi

This is a list of famous people who have lived in Tbilisi, including both natives and residents.

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List of people on the postage stamps of Bulgaria

This is a list of people on stamps of Bulgaria.

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List of people on the postage stamps of Russia

Stamp issues are described in the following general format: Year of issue: Catalogue number 1, Catalogue number 2.

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List of people who survived assassination attempts

List of survivors of unsuccessful assassination attempts, listed chronologically.

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List of places named after people

There are a number of places named after famous people.

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List of Polish people

This is a partial list of notable Polish or Polish-speaking or -writing persons.

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List of royal consorts of Partitioned Poland

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List of rulers of Estonia

The following list of rulers of Estonia indicates the rules throughout that nation's history.

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List of rulers of Partitioned Poland

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List of Russian consorts

The Russian consorts were the spouses of the Russian rulers.

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List of Russian people

This is a list of people associated with the modern Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, Imperial Russia, Russian Tsardom, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and other predecessor states of Russia.

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List of Russian royal mistresses and lovers

List of Russian royal mistresses and lovers includes mistresses, minions, favourites and simply lovers of the Russian emperors and reigning empresses before and after coronation.

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List of Russian rulers

This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia.

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List of Saxon consorts

This is a list of the Duchesses, Electresses and Queens of Saxony; the consorts of the Duke of Saxony and its successor states; including the Electorate of Saxony, the Kingdom of Saxony, the House of Ascania, Albertine, and the Ernestine Saxony.

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List of shipwrecks in 1868

The list of shipwrecks in 1868 includes some of the ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1868.

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List of state leaders in 1855

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List of state leaders in 1856

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List of state leaders in 1857

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List of state leaders in 1858

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List of state leaders in 1859

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List of state leaders in 1860

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List of state leaders in 1861

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List of state leaders in 1862

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List of state leaders in 1863

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List of state leaders in 1864

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List of state leaders in 1865

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List of state leaders in 1866

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List of state leaders in 1867

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List of state leaders in 1868

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List of state leaders in 1869

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List of state leaders in 1870

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List of state leaders in 1871

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List of state leaders in 1873

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List of state leaders in 1874

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List of state leaders in 1875

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List of state leaders in 1876

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List of state leaders in 1877

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List of state leaders in 1878

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List of state leaders in 1879

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List of state leaders in 1880

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List of state leaders in 1881

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List of state leaders in the 19th century

;State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1900) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state visits made by Kings of Iran

This is a list of international trips made by the Kings of Iran in modern days (20th century).

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List of tallest Eastern Orthodox church buildings

This is a list of tallest Orthodox church buildings in the world, all those higher than 70 metres.

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List of terrorist incidents

This list is incomplete.

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List of the Dames of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa

Ladies who have belonged throughout history to the Order of the Noble Ladies of Queen Maria Luisa are listed here.

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List of the last monarchs in the Americas

This is a list of last monarchs of the Americas.

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List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1868–69)

>> List of ''Vanity Fair'' caricatures (1870–74) The following is from a list of caricatures published 1868–69 by the British magazine Vanity Fair (1868–1914).

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List of women in the Heritage Floor

This list documents all 999 mythical, historical and notable women who are displayed on the handmade white tiles of the Heritage Floor as part of Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party art installation (1979).

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Liteyny Bridge

The Liteyny Bridge is the second permanent bridge across the Neva river in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

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Lithuanian book smugglers

Lithuanian book smugglers (knygnešys, plural: knygnešiai) transported Lithuanian language books printed in the Latin alphabet into Lithuanian-speaking areas of the Russian Empire, defying a ban on such materials in force from 1864 to 1904.

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Lithuanian press ban

The Lithuanian press ban (spaudos draudimas) was a ban on all Lithuanian language publications printed in the Latin alphabet in force from 1865 to 1904 within the Russian Empire, which controlled Lithuania at the time.

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Livadia Palace

Livadia Palace (Ливадийский дворец, Лівадійський палац) was a summer retreat of the last Russian tsar, Nicholas II, and his family in Livadiya, Crimea.

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Loris-Melikov's constitutional reform

"Loris-Melikov's constitution" (Russian: Конституция Лорис-Меликова) was a planned but unimplemented political reform suggested by count Mikhail Loris-Melikov.

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Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse

Louis II (26 December 1777 – 16 June 1848) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 6 April 1830 until 5 March 1848 (He resigned in the German Revolution of 1848).

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Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse

Louis IV (Ludwig IV; 12 September 1837 – 13 March 1892) was the Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death.

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Louis Reingold

Louis David Reingold (1874 or 1875-1944) was a Yiddish playwright and journalist.

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Louis Roederer

Louis Roederer is a producer of Champagne based in Reims, France.

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Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie; 10 March 1776 – 19 July 1810) was Queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III.

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Lucy Pickens

Lucy Petway Holcombe Pickens (June 11, 1832 – August 8, 1899) was a 19th-century American socialite of Tennessee and Texas, known during and after her lifetime as the "Queen of the Confederacy".

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Ludvig Nobel

Ludvig Immanuel Nobel (Russian: Лю́двиг Эммануи́лович Нобе́ль; Swedish: Ludvig Emmanuel Nobel; 27 July 1831, Stockholm – 12 April 1888, Cannes) was a Swedish-Russian engineer, a noted businessman and a humanitarian.

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Ludwig Knoop

Johann Ludwig Knoop (15 May 1821 in Bremen - 14 August 1894 in Bremen) was a cotton merchant and entrepreneur from the city-state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, who became one of the richest entrepreneurs in his time.

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Ludwig Order

The Ludwig Order (German:"Ludwigsorden"), was an order of the Grand Duchy of Hesse which was awarded to meritorious soldiers and civilians from 1807 to 1918.

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Luxembourg Crisis

The Luxembourg Crisis (Luxemburgkrise, Crise luxembourgeoise, Luxemburgse kwestie, Lëtzebuerg-Kris) was a diplomatic dispute and confrontation in 1867 between the French Empire and Prussia over the political status of Luxembourg.

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Lydia Koidula

Lydia Emilie Florence Jannsen, (–), known by her pen name Lydia Koidula, was an Estonian poet.

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Lymanske (urban-type settlement)

Lymanske (Лиманське, Лиманское) is an urban-type settlement in Rozdilna Raion of Odessa Oblast in Ukraine.

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Madise, Harju County

Madise (also Harju-Madise) is a village in Lääne-Harju Parish, Harju County, Estonia.

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Madonna Litta

The Madonna Litta is a late 15th-century painting, traditionally attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, in the Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg.

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Magnificent Sinner

Magnificent Sinner (original French title: Katia) is a 1959 French film by director Robert Siodmak about the romance between Tsar Alexander II of Russia and the then-schoolgirl Catherine Dolgorukov, who later became his mistress and finally his morganatic wife.

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Magnuszew

Magnuszew is a village in Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

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Mahtra War

Mahtra War (Mahtra sõda) was a peasant insurgency at the Mahtra estate (now in Rapla County, 60 km from Tallinn) in Estonia, in the then Russian Empire in May-July 1858.

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Malaya Sadovaya Street

Malaya Sadovaya Street (Малая Садовая Улица, meaning "Little Garden Street") is a pedestrian street of cafes, terraces, and fountains in the heart of St. Petersburg.

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Mandatory Swedish

In Finland, Swedish is a mandatory school subject for Finnish-speaking pupils in the last three years of the primary education (grades 7 to 9).

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Manifesto on Unshakable Autocracy

The Manifesto on Unshakable Autocracy was issued by Tsar Alexander III of Russia on April 29, 1881 (O.S.), about two months after the assassination of his father, Alexander II of Russia.

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María Luz Incident

The was a diplomatic incident between the early Meiji government of the Empire of Japan and the Republic of Peru over a merchant ship with Chinese indentured labourers in Yokohama in 1872.

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March 13

No description.

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March 2

No description.

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March 3

No description.

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Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)

Maria Alexandrovna (Мария Александровна), born Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (8 August 1824 – 3 June 1880) was Empress consort of Russia as the first wife of Emperor Alexander II.

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Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)

Maria Feodorovna (26 November 1847 – 13 October 1928), known before her marriage as Princess Dagmar of Denmark, was a Danish princess and Empress of Russia as spouse of Emperor Alexander III (reigned 1881–1894).

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Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)

Maria Feodorovna (Мария Фёдоровна; née Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg; 25 October 1759 – 5 November 1828) was Empress consort of Russia as the second wife of Tsar Paul I. Born Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, she was a daughter of Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg and his wife, Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt.

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Maria of Yugoslavia

Maria of Romania (6 January 1900 – 22 June 1961), known in Serbian as Marija Karađorđević (Марија Карађорђевић) was Queen of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Queen of Yugoslavia, as the wife of King Alexander from 1922 until his assassination in 1934.

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Marie of Romania

Marie of Edinburgh, more commonly known as Marie of Romania (Marie Alexandra Victoria; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938), was the last Queen of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I. Born into the British royal family, she was titled Princess Marie of Edinburgh at birth.

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Mariinsk

Mariinsk (Марии́нск) is a town in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the Kiya River (Ob's basin), northeast of Kemerovo, the administrative center of the oblast.

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Mariinsky Theatre

The Mariinsky Theatre (Мариинский театр, Mariinskiy Teatr, also spelled Maryinsky or Mariyinsky) is a historic theatre of opera and ballet in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Mariyinsky Palace

Mariyinsky Palace (Маріїнський палац, Mariyins'kyi palats) is the official ceremonial residence of the President of Ukraine in Kiev and adjoins the neo-classical building of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine.

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Mark Antokolsky

Mark Matveyevich Antokolsky (Марк Матве́евич Антоко́льский in Russian; 2 November 184014 July 1902) was a Litvak sculptor.

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Mark Natanson

Mark Andreyevich Natanson (Марк Андреевич Натансон; Party name: Bobrov) (25 December 1850 (N.S. 6 January 1851) - 29 July 1919) was a Russian-Jewish revolutionary and one of the founders of the Circle of Tchaikovsky, Land and Liberty, and the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

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Martha von Sabinin

Martha von Sabinin (30 May 1831 – 1892) was a Russian composer and pianist.

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Matthew Chizhov

Matthew Afanasyevich Chizhov (Матвей Афанасьевич Чижов) (1838–1916) was a Russian sculptor.

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Maw & Co

Maw & Co have made earthenware encaustic and geometric floor tiles since 1850, when the company was established by George Maw and his brother Arthur.

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May 1916

The following events occurred in May 1916.

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Medici lions

The Medici lions are a pair of marble sculptures of lions, one of which is Roman, dating to the 2nd century AD, and the other a 16th-century pendant; both were by 1598 placed at the Villa Medici, Rome.

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Mehmed Namık Pasha

Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha (1804 – 1892) was a prominent Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman Army.

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Melchisedec Ștefănescu

Melchisedec Ștefănescu (born Mihail Ștefănescu; –) was a Moldavian, later Romanian historian and bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Metsähallitus

Metsähallitus (Finnish) (Forststyrelsen in Swedish, "the (Finnish) Forest Administration") is a state-owned enterprise in Finland that exceptionally uses a Finnish name in English.

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Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly

Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly (–) was a Russian Field Marshal and Minister of War during Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and War of the Sixth Coalition.

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Michael I of Romania

Michael I (Mihai I; 25 October 1921 – 5 December 2017) was the last King of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his abdication on 30 December 1947.

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Michael Strogoff

Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar (Michel Strogoff) is a novel written by Jules Verne in 1876.

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Mikhail Bakunin

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (– 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism.

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Mikhail Chernyayev

Mikhail Grigorievich Chernyayev (Russian: Михаил Григорьевич Черняев) (24 October 1828, Tubyshki, Mogilev Governorate – 16 August 1898) was a Russian general, who, together with Konstantin Kaufman and Mikhail Skobelev, led the Russian conquest of Central Asia under Alexander II.

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Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky

Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (Михаи́л О́сипович Доли́во-Доброво́льский; Michail von Dolivo-Dobrowolsky or Michail Ossipowitsch Doliwo-Dobrowolski; Michał Doliwo-Dobrowolski; &ndash) was a Polish-Russian engineer, electrician, and inventor.

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Mikhail Katkov

Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov (Михаи́л Ники́форович Катко́в; 13 February 1818 – 1 August 1887) was a conservative Russian journalist influential during the reign of tsar Alexander III.

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Mikhail Lavrov

Mikhail Andrianovich Lavrov (1799–1882) was a Russian rear-admiral and Arctic explorer.

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Mikhail Loris-Melikov

Count Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov (Միքայել Լորիս-Մելիքով; – 24 December 1888) was a Russian-Armenian statesman, General of the Cavalry, and Adjutant General of H. I. M. Retinue.

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Mikhail Mikeshin

Mikhail Osipovich Mikeshin (1835 — 1896) was a Russian artist who regularly worked for the Romanov family and designed a number of outdoor statues in the major cities of the Russian Empire.

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Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky

Count Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov (Михаи́л Никола́евич Муравьёв; 12 October 1796 in Moscow – 12 September 1866 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian imperial statesman of the 19th century, most known for his putting down Polish-Lithuanian uprisings, and subsequent cultural and social depolonization of Northwestern Krai (today's Belarus and Lithuania).

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Mikhail Rosenheim

Mikhail Pavlovich Rosenheim (Михаил Павлович Розенгейм, 31 July 1820, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, —19 March 1887, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian poet, editor (Zanoza, 1863-1865), publicist and translator.

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Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin

Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (Михаи́л Евгра́фович Салтыко́в-Щедри́н, born Saltykov, pseudonym Nikolai Shchedrin; –), was a major Russian satirist of the 19th century.

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Mikhail von Reutern

Michael Graf von Reutern, also known as Mikhail Khristoforovich, was an Imperial Russian finance minister.

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Mikhail Yuzefovich

Mikhail Vladimirovich Yuzefovich (Михаил Владимирович Юзефович) (1802—1889) was the deputy commissioner of the Kiev school district, chairman of the Kiev archaeological commission, and instigator of the Ems Ukaz that severely restricted the use of Ukrainian language.

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Milena Vukotić

Milena Vukotić (Милена Вукотић; 4 May 1848 – 16 March 1923) was the only Queen consort of Montenegro as the wife of King Nicholas I of Montenegro (28 August 1910 – 26 November 1918).

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Miles Gerald Keon

Miles Gerald Keon (1821–1875) was an Irish Roman Catholic journalist, novelist, colonial secretary and lecturer.

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Military Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)

The Military Merit Cross (Militärverdienstkreuz) was established by Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on August 5, 1848.

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Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland

Between 1809 and 1917 Finland was an autonomous part of the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland.

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Military prison, Novocherkassk

The Military prison building (r) is the former guardhouse of the Imperial Russian Army in Novocherkassk, Rostov oblast, Russia and the current military commandant's headquarters of the city.

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Milly Witkop

Milly Witkop(-Rocker) (March 3, 1877November 23, 1955) was a Ukrainian-born Jewish anarcho-syndicalist, feminist writer and activist.

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Mily Balakirev

Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev (Ми́лий Алексе́евич Бала́кирев,; 2 January 1837 –)Russia was still using old style dates in the 19th century, and information sources used in the article sometimes report dates as old style rather than new style.

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Milyutin

Milyutin (Russian: Милютин) is a Russian last name and may refer to the following.

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Minin and Pozharsky Square

The Minin and Pozharsky Square (. Short-name: Minin Square) is the main square of Nizhny Novgorod.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)

This is a list of foreign ministers of Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, and Russian Federation.

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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland)

The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MMM, maa- ja metsätalousministeriö, jord- och skogsbruksministeriet.) is one of the 12 ministries in the Finnish Government.

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Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)

Russian President Boris Yeltsin established the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (Министерство России по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий), also known as The Ministry of Emergency Situations, MChS (Министерство по чрезвычайным ситуациям – МЧС России), or internationally as EMERCOM (derived from "Emergency Control Ministry") on January 10, 1994.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Dagestan)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Dagestan (Министерства внутренних дел Республики Дагестан) is the interior ministry of Dagestan in southern Russia.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MOI, Министерство внутренних дел, МВД, Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, MVD) is the interior ministry of Russia.

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Mint of Finland

The Mint of Finland (Suomen Rahapaja, Myntverket i Finland) is the national mint of Finland.

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Molotschna

Molotschna Colony or Molochna Colony was a Russian Mennonite settlement in what is now Zaporizhia Oblast in Ukraine.

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Monaco–Russia relations

Monaco–Russia relations (Российско-монакские отношения, Relations entre Monaco et la Russie) is the bilateral relationship between the Principality of Monaco and the Russian Federation.

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Monarchies in the Americas

There are 13 monarchies in the Americas (self-governing states and territories that have a monarch as head of state).

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Monique Raphel High

Monique Raphel High is a Franco-American author.

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Monument of Liberty, Ruse

The Monument of Liberty (Bulgarian: Паметник на свободата, Pametnik na svobodata) in Rousse, Bulgaria, was built at the beginning of the 20th century by the Italian sculptor Arnoldo Zocchi.

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Monument to Alexander II (Moscow)

The Monument to Alexander II, officially called the Monument to Emperor Alexander II, the Liberator Tsar, is a memorial of Emperor Alexander II of Russia, situated in the immediate surroundings of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow.

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Monument to Alexander II (Shakhty)

Monument to Alexander II of Russia (Памятник Александру II) — is a monument in Shakhty, Rostov Oblast, Russia.

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Monument to Alexander II (Yuzovka)

The Monument to Alexander II (Пам'ятник Олександру II, translit.: Pamyatnyk Oleksandru II), is a memorial of Emperor Alexander II of Russia, situated in the immediate surroundings of the Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Donetsk.

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Monument to Nicholas I

The Monument to Nicholas I (Памятник Николаю I) is a bronze equestrian monument of Nicholas I of Russia on St Isaac's Square (in front of Saint Isaac's Cathedral) in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Monument to the Tsar Liberator

The Monument to the Tsar Liberator (Паметник на Цар Освободител, Pametnik na Tsar Osvoboditel) is an equestrian monument in the centre of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.

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Morganatic marriage

Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage.

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Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

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Moscow Military District

The Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

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Moses Gomberg

Moses Gomberg (February 8, 1866 – February 12, 1947) was a chemistry professor at the University of Michigan.

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Mother of God Church, Vladivostok

The Mother of God Church (Церковь Пресвятой Богородицы) It is a Latin Catholic church, built in a Gothic style, located in Vladivostok in the Far East of Russia.

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Mount Winans, Baltimore

"Mount Winans" ("Mt. Winans") is a mixed-use residential, commercial and industrial neighborhood in the southwestern area of the City of Baltimore in Maryland.

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Murad V

Murad V (مراد خامس) (21 September 1840 – 29 August 1904) was the 33rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who reigned from 30 May to 31 August 1876.

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Murid War

The Murid War (1829–1859, also known as the Russian Conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan) was the eastern component of the Caucasian War of 1817-1864.

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Muuga, Lääne-Viru County

Muuga is a village in Laekvere Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.

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Myra

Myra (Μύρα, Mýra) was an ancient Greek town in Lycia where the small town of Kale (Demre) is today, in the present-day Antalya Province of Turkey.

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N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy

The N.G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy located in Saint Petersburg is the only academy of the Russian Navy.

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Nakhichevan-on-Don

Nakhichevan-on-Don (Нахичевань-на-Дону, Naxičevan’-na-Donu), also known as New Nakhichevan (Նոր Նախիջևան, Nor Naxiĵevan; as opposed to the "old" Nakhichevan), was a city near Rostov-on-Don, in southern Russia founded in 1779 by Armenians from Crimea.

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Name of Russia (Russia TV)

Name of Russia (Имя Россия, "The Name Russia") was a project of the Russia TV channel aimed to elect the most notable personality in Russian history through Internet, radio and television voting.

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Napoleon III

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and as Napoleon III the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.

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Napoleon Orda

Napoleon Mateusz Tadeusz Orda (Напалео́н О́рда; February 11, 1807 – April 26, 1883) was a Polish-Lithuanian musician, pianist, composer and artist, best known for numerous sketches of historical sites of present-day Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, and Poland.

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Narodnaya Volya

Narodnaya Volya (Will) was a 19th-century revolutionary political organization in the Russian Empire which conducted targeted killing of government officials in attempt to promote reforms in the country.

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Narodniks

The Narodniks (народники) were a politically conscious movement of the Russian middle class in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism.

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Narodnoe Opolcheniye

The People's Militia (t) was the name given to irregular troops formed from the population in Russia and later the Soviet Union.

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Natale Schiavoni

Natale Schiavone (April 25, 1777 – April 15, 1858) was an Italian painter and engraver, mainly depicting history and portraits.

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Natalia Pavlovna Paley

Princess Natalia Pavlovna Paley (Наталья Павловна Палей; 5 December 1905 – 27 December 1981) was a Russian aristocrat who was a non-dynastic member of the Romanov family.

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Natalie of Serbia

Natalija Obrenović (Наталија Обреновић; 15 May 1859 – 8 May 1941), née Keschko (Наталья Кешко), known as Natalie of Serbia, was the Princess consort of Serbia from 1875 to 1882 and then Queen consort of Serbia from 1882 to 1889, as the wife of Milan I of Serbia.

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National awakening of Bulgaria

Bulgarian nationalism emerged in the early 19th century under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French revolution, mostly via Greece, although there were stirrings in the 18th century.

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National Guard Forces Command

The National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation (Russian: Войска национальной гвардии Российской Федерации, Voyska Natsionalnoy Gvardi Rossiyskoi Federatsii) is the gendarmerie component of the National Guard of Russia, created through a presidential decree on April 5, 2016.

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Nativity Cathedral, Riga

The Nativity of Christ Cathedral (Kristus Piedzimšanas pareizticīgo katedrāle, Христорождественский кафедральный собор), Riga, Latvia was built to a design by Nikolai Chagin and Robert Pflug in a Neo-Byzantine style between 1876 and 1883, with decorations made by the firm of August Volz, during the period when the country was part of the Russian Empire.

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Neftchilar Avenue

Neftchiler Avenue (Neftçilər Prospekti) is an arterial road in Baku, Azerbaijan.

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Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire

Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire emerged in the 1850s and became an officially endorsed preferred architectural style for church construction during the reign of Alexander II of Russia (1855–1881), replacing the Russo-Byzantine style of Konstantin Thon.

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Nestor Kukolnik

Nestor Vasilievich Kukolnik (Нестор Васильевич Кукольник) (1809–1868) was a Russian playwright and prose writer of Carpatho-Rusyn origin.

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Neva Enfilade of the Winter Palace

The Neva Enfilade of the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, is a series of three large halls arranged in an enfilade along the palace's massive facade facing the River Neva.

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Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia

Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich and Grand Duke of Russia (Цесаревич Николай Александрович, Наследник-Цесаревич и Великий Князь) (–) was Tsesarevich—the heir apparent—of Imperial Russia from 2 March 1855 until his death in 1865.

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Nicholas Annenkov

General Nicholas Nikolaievich Annenkov (Николай Николаевич Анненков) (Dec. 1799 in Nizhny Novgorod – Nov. 25, 1865 in St. Petersburg, Russia) was an influential Russian General of the Infantry, Governor-General of Kiev and Bessarabia, and member of the State Privy Council.

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Nicholas Hartwig

Baron Nicholas Genrikhovich Hartwig (Russian: Николай Генрихович Гартвиг) (December 16, 1857 – July 10, 1914) was a Russian ambassador to Persia (1906–1908) and Serbia (1909–1914).

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Nicholas I of Montenegro

Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Никола I Петровић-Његош; – 1 March 1921) was the ruler of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as sovereign prince from 1860 to 1910 and as king from 1910 to 1918.

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Nicholas I of Russia

Nicholas I (r; –) was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Nicholas II or Nikolai II (r; 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas II of Russia in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.

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Nicolas de Gunzburg

Nicolas Louis Alexandre de Gunzburg (12 December 1904 – 20 February 1981), also known as Baron Nicolas de Gunzburg, was a French-born magazine editor and socialite of Russian-Jewish, Polish, and Portuguese descent.

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Nihilism

Nihilism is the philosophical viewpoint that suggests the denial or lack of belief towards the reputedly meaningful aspects of life.

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Niko I Dadiani

Nikoloz "Niko" Dadiani (ნიკოლოზ "ნიკო" დადიანი) or Nikolay Davidovich Dadian-Mingrelsky (Николай Давидович Дадиан-Мингрельский) (4 January 1847 – 23 January 1903) was the last Prince of Mingrelia from 1853 to 1867.

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Nikolai Ge

Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge (from his French ancestral surname "De Gay") (Николай Николаевич Ге; &ndash) was a Russian realist painter and an early Russian symbolist.

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Nikolai Ishutin

Nikolai Andreyevich Ishutin (Николай Андреевич Ишутин; 3 (15) April 1840 – 5 (17) January 1879) was one of the first Russian utopian socialists, who combined socialist propaganda with conspiratorial and terrorist tactics.

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Nikolai Kibalchich

Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich (Николай Иванович Кибальчич, Микола Іванович Кибальчич, Mykola Ivanovych Kybalchych; 19 October 1853 – April 3, 1881) was a Russian revolutionary of Ukrainian origin who took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya (the People's Will), and was also a rocket pioneer.

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Nikolai Kravkov

Nikolai Pavlovich Kravkov (in Russian Николай Павлович Кравков) was a prominent Russian pharmacologist, Full Member of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1914), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science (1920), and one of the first laureates of the Lenin Prize (1926).

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Nikolai Leskov

Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov (Никола́й Семёнович Леско́в; –) was a Russian novelist, short-story writer, playwright, and journalist, who also wrote under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky.

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Nikolai Menshutkin

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Menshutkin (Николáй Алексáндрович Меншýткин; –) was a Russian chemist who discovered the process of converting a tertiary amine to a quaternary ammonium salt via the reaction with an alkyl halide, now known as the Menshutkin reaction.

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Nikolai Rysakov

Nikolai Ivanovich Rysakov (Николай Иванович Рысаков; 1861– 3 April 1881) was a Russian revolutionary and a member of Narodnaya Volya.

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Nikolai Sablin

Nikolai Alekseyevich Sablin (Никола́й Алексе́евич Са́блин), was the son of a petty landowner, was born in 1849 or 1850 (sources vary).

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Nikolai Sukhozanet

Nikolai Onufrievich Sukhozanet (Никола́й Ону́фриевич Сухозане́т) (1794 – 22 July 1871) was an Imperial Russian Army general and statesman.

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Nikolai Sverchkov

Nikolai Yegorovich Sverchkov (Russian: Николай Егорович Сверчков; (2 February 1817, Saint Petersburg - 25 July 1898, Tsarskoye Selo) was a Russian painter who specialized in genre and hunting scenes with horses.

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Nikolai Uspensky

Nikolai Vasilyevich Uspensky (Никола́й Васи́льевич Успе́нский; May 31, 1837 – November 2, 1889) was a Russian writer, and a cousin of fellow writer Gleb Uspensky.

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Nikolay Gerasimovich Ustryalov

Nikolay Gerasimovich Ustryalov (Никола́й Гера́симович Устря́лов; 4 May (N.S. 16 May) 1805 in Oryol Governorate – 8 June (N.S. 20 June) 1870 in Tsarskoye Selo) was a Russian historian who elaborated the Official Nationality Theory.

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Nikolay Girs

Nicholas de Giers or Girs (Никола́й Ка́рлович Гирс Nikolay Karlovich Girs) (&ndash) was a Russian Foreign Minister during the reign of Alexander III.

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Nikolay Milyutin

Nikolay Alexeyevich Milyutin (Никола́й Алексе́евич Милю́тин; June 6, 1818 – January 26, 1872) was a Russian statesman remembered as the chief architect of the great liberal reforms undertaken during Alexander II's reign, including the emancipation of the serfs and the establishment of zemstvo.

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Nikolay Muraviev

Nikolay Valerianovich Muraviev or Muravyov (Никола́й Валериа́нович Муравьёв) (1850–1908) (anglicized Nicholas V. Muravev) was an Imperial Russian politician, nephew of the famed Count Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky, explorer and Governor General of the Russian Far East.

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Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev

Count Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev (historical spelling Nicolai Ignatieff; Никола́й Па́влович Игна́тьев; 17 January Old Style (N.S. 29 January) 1832 – 20 June Old Style (N.S. 3 July) 1908) was a Russian statesman and diplomat.

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Nikolay Raevsky

Nikolay Nikolayevich Raevsky (Николай Николаевич Раевский; —) was a Russian general and statesman who achieved fame for his feats of arms during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Nikolay Rusanov

Nikolay Sergeyevich Rusanov (Никола́й Серге́евич Руса́нов; September 16 (28), 1859 in Oryol – July 28, 1939 in Berne), also known under the pseudonyms of K. Tarasov and N. Kudrin, was a Russian revolutionary who connected the revolutionary populist movement of the 1870s with the revolutionary parties of the early twentieth century, particularly the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR). Rusanov studied medicine at the Medical and Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, where he became involved in radical student politics.

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Nikolay Yung

Nikolay Viktorovich Yung (Никола́й Ви́кторович Юнг; –) was a career officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, noted for his participation in the Battle of Tsushima in the Russo-Japanese War as captain of the battleship.

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Nils Gustaf Nordenskiöld

Nils Gustaf Nordenskiöld (October 12, 1792, Mäntsälä – February 2, 1866) was a mineralogist and a traveller.

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Nina Arkina

Nina Arkina (1891–1980) was a Russian-born Norwegian writer.

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Ninasi

Ninasi is a village in Mustvee Parish, Jõgeva County in northeastern Estonia.

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Nizhny Novgorod Fair

Nizhny Novgorod Fair (old name — Makaryev Fair) (Нижегородская ярмарка) was a fair in Nizhny Novgorod held annually every July near Makaryev Monastery on the left bank of the Volga River from the mid-16th century to 1816.

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