Volume 1: The History Of The Crusades For The Recovery And Possession Of The Holy Land [you are here]CONTENTS TO VOL. I. CHAP. I. A VIEW OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH LED TO THE HOLY WARS. Political history of Jerusalem —- The causes and practice of pilgrimages —- Other reasons for people going to Palestine —- Connection between commerce and pilgrimages —- Tendency of an opinion prevalent in the tenth century —- Account of a pilgrimage made by some Normans, Englishmen, &c. —- State of the Latins in Palestine —- Effect? of the Moslems' cruelty —- Pope Silvester II. plans a Crusade —- Effects in Europe of the political changes in Asia —- Wish of Pope Gregory VII. respecting the state of the East —- History of Asia Minor —- Continuation of the effects of the Moslems' cruelty —- Religious and military spirit in Europe 1 CHAP. II. A HOLY WAR DECREED —- MORAL CONVULSION OF EUROPE —- FATE OF THE FIRST CRUSADERS. Peter the Hermit —- His pilgrimage to Jerusalem —- He resolves to preach a holy war —- His wish embraced by Urban IT. —- Policy of that Pope —- Peter's preaching —- Councils of Placentia and of Clermont —- Urban's speech at Clermont —- The redemption of the sepulchre resolved upon —- The Crusade embraced by Europe —- Departure of the European rabble —- First division —- Its destruction in Bulgaria —- Second division —- Its disasters and outrages on the road to Greece —- And destruction in Bithynia —- Third division —- Its destruction in Hungary —- Fourth and last division —- Its shocking superstition —- Cruelties on the German Jews —- Destruction in Hungary 35 CHAP. III. CHARACTERS OF THE LEADERS OF THE FIRST CRUSADE. MARCH OF THE ARMIES TO CONSTANTINOPLE. History and character of Godfrey of Bouillon —- March of the Frisons, Lorrainers, &c. through Hungary into Thrace —- Characters of the count of Vermandois, the count of Blois, the count of Flanders, and Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy —- March of the French Flemish, Norman and English Crusaders through Italy —- The count of Vermandois arrives at Constantinople, and swears fealty to Alexius —- War between Godfrey and the emperor —- Godfrey reaches Constantinople —- After many alternatives of peace and war, Godfrey, &c. do homage —- Boldness of a Crusader —- Godfrey crosses the Hellespont —- Is joined by the count of Flanders —- Characters of Bohemond, prince of Tarentum, and Tancred —- March of the Italians to Constantinople —- Means of Alexius to gain the homage of Bohemond —- Tancred passes into Asia without swearing fealty —- Character of Raymond, count of Thoulouse —- Course of the Provencals into Greece —- Raymond takes a qualified oath of allegiance —- Arrival of the duke of Normandy, the count of Blois, and others, in Asia Minor 79 CHAP. IV. THE MARCH OF THE CRUSADERS THROUGH ASIA MINOR. Review of the Latin troops before Nice —- Siege and capture of Nice —- Treachery of Alexius —- Manners of the Christian Camp —- Interview between Alexius and the chiefs —- Commencement of the march through Asia Minor —- Battle of Doryleum —- Victory of the Christians —- Distressing march through Phrygia —- Expedition of Tancred and Baldwin into Cilicia —- Injustice of Baldwin —- War between Baldwin and Tailored —- Distresses of the , main army in its passage through Lycaonia —- Foundation of the Latin state of Edessa —- Arrival of the Latins before Antioch 125 CHAP. V. MILITARY AND CIVIL HISTORY OF THE CROISES AT ANTIOCH. The city invested —- Unskilful operations of the Croises —- Famine in the christian camp —- Singular mode of gettiog rid of spies —- Many of the Croises desert —- Manners of the camp- —- Embassy of the caliph of Egypt —- Policy of the Latins —- The Croises aided by Pisa and Genoa —- Prowess of the Latin chiefs —- Inhumanity of the Latins —- Retreat of the count of Chartres —- Antioch taken by stratagem —- The Croises massacre the inhabitants —- The Persians attack the Franks —- The Latins are block- aded —- Second famine —- More desertions —- Alexius abandons his allies —- Impiety of some new Croises —- Direful effects of Alexius* retreat —- The Christians saved by some superstitious frauds —- Embassy of the Hermit to the Persians —- Prudence of Godfrey —- Preparations for battle —- Battle of Antioch —- Victory of the Croises 165 CHAP. VI. THE REDEMPTION OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. Embassy to Alexius —- Desertion of the count of Vermandois —- Delay of the Croises at Antioch —- Vices of the Croises —- A pestilence —- Death of Adhemar —- Letter to the Pope —- Politics of the chiefs —- Further delays of the chiefs —- Cannibalism of the Crusaders —- The soldiers, but not the leaders, anxious to proceed —- The Croises march —- Treachery of the count of Thoulouse —- Discovery of the fraud of the lance —- Politics of the Croises with Alexius and the caliph —- The Crusaders* first view of Jerusalem —- Retrospect —- State of the holy city —- Invested by the Croises —- Horrid drought in the Latin camp —- Manners of the Franks —- Procession round Jeru- salem —- The city stormed —- and taken —- First massacre —- Cruelty of Godfrey —- His piety —- Second massacre 219 CHAP. V. THE STATE OF THE HOLY LAND AFTER THE FIRST CRUSADE. Foundation of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem —- Succession of kings between the first and second Crusades —- Godfrey —- Baldwin I. —- Baldwin II. —- Fulk —- Baldwin ni. —- Political history of the kingdom of Jerusalem - Limits of the kingdom —- Military history —- Mode of warfare —- Supplement to the first Crusade —- Death of the count of Thoulouse —- Foundation of the country of Tripoli —- History of that state —- Affairs of Antioch —- History of Edes3a —- The Courtenay family —- Fall of Edessa —- Vain attempt to recover it 61 CHAP. VIII. CONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF JERUSALEM AND OF THE CHIVALRIC INSTITUTIONS IN PALESTINE. Principles of the constitution of Jerusalem —- The government monarchical —- Coronation forms —- Officers of state —- Church establishment —- Territorial division, and military strength of the kingdom —- Tenure of land —- Relation of a lord and his man —- State of women —- Debtor and creditor —- Courts of justice —- Trial by battle —- Villains and slaves —- Religious and military orders —- The knights of St. John —- The Templars —- The knights of St. Lazarus 307 CHAP. IX. THE SECOND CRUSADE. The aspect of France favourable for a new Crusade —- A Crusade necessary in consequence of the loss of Edessa —- Character of St. Bernard —- Crusade embraced by Louis VIL, king of France, and the emperor Conrad III. of Germany —- Their military array —- March of the Germans —- Conrad passes into Asia, disregarding the Byzantine emperor —- Louis halts at Constantinople —- Distresses of the Germans —- Bravery of the French —- And their subsequent disasters —- Arrival of the French at Antioch —- Eleanora —- Firmness of Louis —- The Crusaders reach Jerusalem —- They depart from their original object —- Siege of Damascus —- Disgraceful failure —- Return to Europe of Conrad and Louis 361 Digitized by Google


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