Iroquois

The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy. ^[1]

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The Kids Book of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, The King's Daughter, The Last of the Mohicans, The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta, The Man-Eating Myth, The Maritimes, The Ohio Company: Its Inner History, The Orenda, The Power of Myth, The Pulteney Association, The Reluctant Shaman, The Skeleton in Armor, The Song of Hiawatha, The Theatre Centre, The Two Georges, The Years of Rice and Salt, Theodosia Burr Alston, Thomas Bladen, Thomas de Lanouguère, Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick, Thomas Grassmann, Thomas Jones (historian), Thomas Lee (Virginia colonist), Thomas Maxwell, Thomas Morris (British Army officer), Thomas Morris (New York politician), Thomas Paine, Thomas Penn, Thomas Pownall, Thomas Proctor (general), Thomas Rowell Leavitt, Thomas Walker (explorer), Thousand Islands, Thousand Islands National Park, Three Sisters (agriculture), Thurston County, Nebraska, Tiadaghton State Forest, Time horizon, Timeline of Canadian history, Timeline of Christian missions, Timeline of 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County, Pennsylvania, Transylvania Colony, Treaty of Big Tree, Treaty of Canandaigua, Treaty of Easton, Treaty of Fort Harmar, Treaty of Fort Niagara, Treaty of Fort Stanwix, Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784), Treaty of Hard Labour, Treaty of Lancaster, Treaty of Utrecht, Tree, Tree of life, Tree of Peace, Tree of Peace Society, Trenton Falls, Trenton, New York, Tribal chief, Tryon County, New York, Tug Hill, Tully, New York, Tumulus, Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania, Turtle Island (North America), Tuscarora Heroes Monument, Tuscarora people, Tuscarora Reservation, Tuscarora School District, Tuscarora State Forest, Tuscarora State Park, Tuscarora War, Tutelo, Twins in mythology, Two Row Wampum Treaty, Two-spirit, Tyonajanegen, Unadilla, New York, Union Street Historic District (Schenectady, New York), Union, New York, Union–Miles Park, United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, United Empire Loyalist, United States, United States Post Office (Le Roy, New York), University at Buffalo Law 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A People's History of the United States

A People's History of the United States is a 1980 non-fiction book by American historian and political scientist Howard Zinn.

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Abenaki

The Abenaki (Abnaki, Abinaki, Alnôbak) are a Native American tribe and First Nation.

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Abenaki language

Abenaki, or Abnaki, is an endangered Algonquian language of Quebec and the northern states of New England.

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Aboriginal title in New York

Aboriginal title in New York has been the source of many disputes regarding the status of aboriginal title in the United States.

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Abya Yala

Abya Yala, which in the Kuna language means "land in its full maturity" or "land of vital blood", is the name used by the Native American nation Kuna people, that used to inhabit near the Darién Gap (today North West Colombia and South East Panama) to refer to the American continent since before the Columbus arrival.

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Adam Dollard des Ormeaux

Adam Dollard des Ormeaux (July 23, 1635 – May 21, 1660) is an iconic figure in the history of New France.

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Adam Helmer

Adam F. Helmer (c.1754 – April 9, 1830), also known as John Adam Helmer and Hans Adam Helmer, was an American Revolutionary War hero among those of the Mohawk Valley and surrounding regions of New York State.

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Addison County, Vermont

Addison County is a county located in the state of Vermont, in the United States.

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Adrian Jorisszen Tienpoint

Adriaen Jorissen Thienpoint or Tienpoint (born in Saardam, North Holland) was a Dutch sea captain-explorer who commanded several ships to the newly developing colonies of New Netherland and New Sweden as well as other holdings of the Dutch Empire in North America in the early 17th century.

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Adrienne Du Vivier

Adrienne Du Vivier (16261666 Montreal Census – 20 October 1706) was a French pioneer and one of the first white women to settle in the colony of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Agastache nepetoides

Agastache nepetoides, the yellow giant hyssop, is a perennial flower native to the United States and Canada.

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Age of Empires III

Age of Empires III is a real-time strategy video game developed by Microsoft Corporation's Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios.

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Age of Empires III: The WarChiefs

Age of Empires III: The WarChiefs is the first expansion pack for the real-time strategy game Age of Empires III.

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Agriculture in Canada

Canada is one of the largest agricultural producers and exporters in the world.

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Agriculture in New York

Agriculture is a major component of the New York economy.

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Agrimonia gryposepala

Agrimonia gryposepala (commonly known as tall hairy agrimony, Retrieved 2010-03-13. common agrimony, hooked agrimony, or tall hairy grooveburr) is a small perennial flowering plant of the rose family (Rosaceae), which is native to North America.

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Ainslie Wood, Ontario

Ainslie Wood is a residential neighbourhood in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

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Akwesasne

The Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne (alternate spelling Ahkwesáhsne) is a Mohawk Nation (Kanien'kehá:ka) territory that straddles the intersection of international (United States and Canada) borders and provincial (Ontario and Quebec) boundaries on both banks of the St. Lawrence River.

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Akwesasne Indians

The Akwesasne Indians are Junior "B" box lacrosse team from Akwesasne (the borderlands between Ontario, Quebec, and New York).

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Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment

The Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment (ATFE) is a community-based grassroots activist organization developed to address issues of environmental justice and contamination within the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne. The mission of the ATFE is to preserve the Mohawk community’s spiritual, cultural and biological integrity through activism, advocacy, and collaborative research.

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Alan Taylor (historian)

Alan Shaw Taylor (born June 17, 1955) is an American historian specializing in early United States history.

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Albany Congress

The Albany Congress (also known as "The Conference of Albany") was a meeting of representatives sent by the legislatures of seven of the thirteen British colonies in British America: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island.

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Albany Pine Bush

The Albany Pine Bush, referred to locally as the Pine Bush, is one of the largest of the 20 inland pine barrens in the world.

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Albany, New York

Albany is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County.

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Alberta Highway 16

Alberta Provincial Highway No. 16, commonly referred to as Highway 16, is a major east–west highway in central Alberta, Canada, connecting Jasper to Lloydminster via Edmonton.

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Alcohol in New France

The history of New France as a colonial space is inextricably linked to the trade and commerce of alcohol.

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Alex Kedoh Hill

Alexander "Alex" Kedoh Hill (born September 8, 1990) is a professional lacrosse player for the Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League and the Six Nations Chiefs of Major Series Lacrosse.

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Alexander Spotswood

Alexander Spotswood (1676 – 6 June 1740) was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army and a noted Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.

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Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy

Marquis Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy (c. 1596 or 1603–1670) was a French aristocrat, statesman, and military leader.

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Algonquian peoples

The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups.

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Algonquian–Basque pidgin

The Algonquian–Basque pidgin was a pidgin spoken by the Basque whalers and various Algonquian peoples.

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Algonquin Peak

Algonquin Peak is in the MacIntyre Range in the town of North Elba, in Essex County, New York.

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Algonquin people

The Algonquins are indigenous inhabitants of North America who speak the Algonquin language, a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe language, which is part of the Algonquian language family.

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Alice Lee Jemison

Alice Mae Lee Jemison (1901–1964) was a Seneca political activist and journalist.

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Allandale Waterfront GO Station

Allandale Waterfront GO Station was built just south of Allandale Station, a historic train station that occupies a large property on the southern shore of Lake Simcoe in the waterfront area of Barrie, Ontario, Canada.

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Allegany County, New York

Allegany County is a county in the southern tier of the U.S. state of New York.

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Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

Allegheny County is a county in the southwest of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

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Allegheny Mountains

The Allegheny Mountain Range, informally the Alleghenies and also spelled Alleghany and Allegany, is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the eastern United States and Canada and posed a significant barrier to land travel in less technologically advanced eras.

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Allegheny River

The Allegheny River is a principal tributary of the Ohio River; it is located in the Eastern United States.

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Allium tricoccum

Allium tricoccum (commonly known as ramp, ramps, spring onion, ramson, wild leek, wood leek, and wild garlic) is a North American species of wild onion widespread across eastern Canada and the eastern United States.

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Alum Creek State Park

Alum Creek State Park is a Ohio state park in Delaware County, Ohio, in the United States.

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Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Ambrosia artemisiifolia, with the common names common ragweed, annual ragweed, and low ragweed, is a species of the genus Ambrosia native to regions of the Americas.

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Ambrosia trifida

Ambrosia trifida, the giant ragweed, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family.

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American Indian Federation

The American Indian Federation (AIF) was a political organization that served as "the major voice of Native American criticism of federal Indian policies during the New Deal", specifically from 1934 through the mid-1940s.

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American Indian Wars

The American Indian Wars (or Indian Wars) is the collective name for the various armed conflicts fought by European governments and colonists, and later the United States government and American settlers, against various American Indian tribes.

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American Museum of Natural History

The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is one of the largest museums in the world.

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American Revolution

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.

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Amikwa people

The Amikwa (Ojibwe: Amikwaa, "Beaver People"; from amik, "beaver"), also as Amicouës, Amikouet, etc., were a Native American clan, one of the first recognized by Europeans in the 17th century.

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Amsterdam (town), New York

Amsterdam is a town in Montgomery County, New York, United States.

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An East View of the Great Cataract of Niagara

An East View of the Great Cataract of Niagara is a historic watercolour of Niagara Falls painted on site by Thomas Davies (–1812) in 1762.

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Anacostia

Anacostia is a historic neighborhood in Washington, D.C. Its downtown is located at the intersection of Good Hope Road and Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue.

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Anahareo

Gertrude Moltke Bernard,, also known as Anahareo, (June 18, 1906 – June 17, 1986) was a Mohawk Canadian writer, animal rights activist and conservationist.

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Anarchist economics

Anarchist economics is the set of theories and practices of economic activity within the political philosophy of anarchism.

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Anarcho-communism

Anarcho-communism (also known as anarchist communism, free communism, libertarian communism and communist anarchism) is a theory of anarchism which advocates the abolition of the state, capitalism, wage labour and private property (while retaining respect for personal property) in favor of common ownership of the means of production, direct democracy and a horizontal network of workers' councils with production and consumption based on the guiding principle: "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".

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Ancaster, Ontario

Ancaster is a community and former municipality in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, located on the Niagara Escarpment.

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Andrew Hamilton (lawyer)

Andrew Hamilton (1676 – August 4, 1741) was a Scottish lawyer in the Thirteen Colonies, where he finally settled in Philadelphia.

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Andrew Montour

Andrew Montour (c. 1720–1772), also known as Sattelihu, EghnisaraHagedorn, 57 and HenryMontour was also called Henry, possibly due to the similarity of sound with the French "Andre". was an important Métis interpreter and negotiator in the Virginia and Pennsylvania backcountry in the latter half of the 18th century.

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Andrew Thorburn Thompson

Andrew Thorburn Thompson (May 27, 1870 – April 20, 1939) was a Canadian military officer, editor, lawyer and a third generation political figure of Canada.

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Andy Secore

Andy Secore (born April 28, 1984 in Hamilton, Ontario) was a former lacrosse player for the Edmonton Rush in the National Lacrosse League.

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Aneda

The evergreen aneda (spelled either this way or as annedda by different 16th- to 17th-century sources) was used by Jacques Cartier and his men as a remedy against scurvy in the winter of 1535–1536.

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Angélique Bullion

Angélique de Bullion was a French benefactress influential in the foundation of Montreal.

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Angelina Jolie

Angelina Jolie (born Angelina Jolie Voight, June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian.

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Anglo-Cherokee War

The Anglo–Cherokee War (1758–1761; in the Cherokee language: the "war with those in the red coats" or "War with the English"), was also known from the Anglo-European perspective as the Cherokee War, the Cherokee Uprising, or the Cherokee Rebellion.

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Anishinaabe

Anishinaabe (or Anishinabe, plural: Anishinaabeg) is the autonym for a group of culturally related indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States that are the Odawa, Ojibwe (including Mississaugas), Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, and Algonquin peoples.

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Anishinabek Police Service

The Anishinabek Police Service (APS) is the shared police force for 15 of 40 communities in the Union of Ontario Indians (UOI) and 1 community in the Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN).

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Anthony F. C. Wallace

Anthony Francis Clarke Wallace (April 15, 1923 – October 5, 2015) was a Canadian-American anthropologist who specialized in Native American cultures, especially the Iroquois.

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Anti-Polish sentiment

Polonophobia, anti-Polonism, antipolonism, and anti-Polish sentiment are terms for a variety of hostile attitudes and acts toward Polish persons and culture.

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Antoine Daniel

Saint Antoine Daniel (May 27, 1601 – July 4, 1648) was a Jesuit missionary at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, and one of the eight Canadian Martyrs.

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Antoine de Crisafy

Antoine de Crisafy (died May 1709) was an officer in the colonial regular troops of New France.

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Antoine Godin

Antoine Godin (c. 1805-1836), an Iroquois Canadian fur trapper and explorer, is noted primarily for the public murder of a Gros Ventre chief which led to a battle between fur traders and Indians in Pierre's Hole, now called the Teton Basin, in eastern Idaho.

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Apache

The Apache are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains and Western Apache.

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Aralia spinosa

Aralia spinosa, commonly known as devil's walkingstick, is a woody species of plants in the genus Aralia, family Araliaceae, native to eastern North America.

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Archipelago of Saint-Pierre Lake

The Archipelago of Lake Saint Pierre counts 103 islands in the western part of Lake Saint Pierre, in Quebec, in Canada.

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Architecture of Buffalo, New York

The Architecture of Buffalo, New York, particularly the buildings constructed between the American Civil War and the Great Depression, is said to have created a new, distinctly American form of architecture and to have influenced design throughout the world.

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Architecture of Canada

The architecture of Canada is, with the exception of that of Canadian First Nations, closely linked to the techniques and styles developed in Canada, Europe and the United States.

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Armadale, Ontario

Armadale is a neighbourhood that overlaps into the city of Markham and the former city of Scarborough in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Armand de La Richardie

Armand de La Richardie (7 June 1686 – 17 March 1758) was a French Roman Catholic missionary in Canada.

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Arnold, Pennsylvania

Arnold is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States, within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

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Arthur C. Parker

Arthur Caswell Parker (April 5, 1881 – January 1, 1955) was an American archaeologist, historian, folklorist, museologist and noted authority on American Indian culture.

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Arthur D. Howden Smith

Arthur D. Howden Smith (1887–1945) was an American historian and novelist.

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Assateague people

The Assateague were an Algonquian people speaking the Nanticoke language who historically lived on the Atlantic coast side of the Delmarva Peninsula (known during the colonial period as the Eastern Shores of Maryland and Virginia, and the Lower Counties of Pennsylvania).

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Assembly of First Nations

The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) is an assembly, modelled on the United Nations General Assembly, of First Nations (Indian bands) represented by their chiefs.

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Assiniboine

The Assiniboine or Assiniboin people (when singular, when plural; Ojibwe: Asiniibwaan, "stone Sioux"; also in plural Assiniboine or Assiniboin), also known as the Hohe and known by the endonym Nakota (or Nakoda or Nakona), are a First Nations/Native American people originally from the Northern Great Plains of North America.

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Atahensic

Atahensic (also called Ataensic) is an Iroquois sky goddess that fell to the earth at the time of creation.

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Athabasca Pass

Athabasca Pass (el.) is a high mountain pass in the Canadian Rockies.

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Athletics in upstate New York

Upstate New York is a storied region in North American athletics.

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Atholville, New Brunswick

Atholville (2011 population: 1,237) is a village in Restigouche County, New Brunswick, Canada.

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Atikamekw

The Atikamekw are the First Nations inhabitants of the area they refer to as Nitaskinan ("Our Land"), in the upper Saint-Maurice River valley of Quebec (about north of Montreal), Canada.

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Attack on German Flatts (1778)

The Attack on German Flatts (September 17, 1778) was a raid on the frontier settlement of German Flatts, New York (which then also encompassed what is now Herkimer) during the American Revolutionary War.

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Auburn, New York

Auburn is a city in Cayuga County, New York, United States, located at the north end of Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, in Central New York.

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August 5

No description.

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Augusta, New York

Augusta is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States.

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Augustin le Gardeur de Courtemanche

Augustin le Gardeur de Courtemanche (December 16, 1663 – June 29, 1717) was a Canadian soldier and ambassador from Labrador.

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Aurelius, New York

Aurelius is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States.

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Auriesville, New York

Auriesville is a hamlet in the northeastern part of the Town of Glen in Montgomery County, New York, United States, along the south bank of the Mohawk River and west of Fort Hunter.

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Aurora, Cayuga County, New York

Aurora, or Aurora-on-Cayuga, is a village and college town in the town of Ledyard, Cayuga County, New York, United States, on the shore of Cayuga Lake.

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Avon (village), New York

Avon is a village in Livingston County, New York, United States.

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Avon, New York

Avon is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States.

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Awes-kon-wa

Awes-kon-wa is a Native American mythological figure of the Iroquois Mohawk people.

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Étienne Brûlé

Étienne Brûlé (c. 1592 – c. June 1633) was the first European explorer to journey beyond the St. Lawrence River in what is today Canada.

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Étienne de Carheil

Étienne de Carheil (20 November 1633 – 27 July 1726) was a French Jesuit priest who became a missionary to the Iroquois and Huron Indians in the New World.

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Étienne Lucier

Étienne Lucier (June 9, 1786 – March 8, 1853) was a French-Canadian fur trader active primarily in the Pacific Northwest.

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Île aux Basques

Île aux Basques is a Canadian island located in the lower estuary of the St. Lawrence River, about north of Trois-Pistoles, in Les Basques Regional County Municipality of the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec.

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Željko Mavrović

Željko Mavrović (born 17 February 1969) is a Croatian former professional boxer.

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Babe and Carla Hemlock

Babe and Carla Hemlock are an Kahnawake Mohawk husband-and-wife artistic team from Kahnawake Mohawk Nation Territory near Montreal.

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Bainbridge, New York

Bainbridge is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States.

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Bald Eagle Creek Path

The Bald Eagle Creek Path (also one of several known as the Warriors Path) was a major Native American trail in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania that ran from the Great Island (near modern-day Lock Haven) on the West Branch Susquehanna River southwest to what is now the village of Frankstown on the Frankstown Branch Juniata River.

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Bald Eagle State Park

Bald Eagle State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Howard, Liberty, and Marion townships in Centre County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Baldwinsville, New York

Baldwinsville is a village in Onondaga County, New York, United States.

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Balsam Lake Mountain

Balsam Lake Mountain is one of the Catskill Mountains, located in the Town of Hardenburgh, New York, United States.

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Balsam Mountain (Ulster County, New York)

Balsam Mountain is one of the High Peaks of the Catskill Mountains in the U.S. state of New York.

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Balthazard Flotte de La Frédière

Balthazard-Annibal-Alexis Flotte de La Frédière (d. after 1682) was a soldier in New France.

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Batavia, New York

Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County, New York, United States.

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Batiscanie

Batiscanie is the watershed of the Batiscan River, located in the administrative region of Mauricie, (Quebec, Canada), covering 4690 km² on the North Shore of the St. Lawrence River.

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Battle of Bennington

The Battle of Bennington was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, part of the Saratoga campaign, that took place on August 16, 1777, in Walloomsac, New York, about from its namesake Bennington, Vermont.

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Battle of Chippawa

The Battle of Chippawa (sometimes incorrectly spelled Chippewa) was a victory for the United States Army in the War of 1812, during an invasion of the British Empire's colony of Upper Canada along the Niagara River on July 5, 1814.

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Battle of Cobleskill

The Battle of Cobleskill (also known as the Cobleskill massacre) was an American Revolutionary War raid on the frontier settlement of Cobleskill, New York on May 30, 1778.

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Battle of Devil's Hole

The Battle of Devil's Hole, also known as the Devil's Hole Massacre, was fought near Niagara Gorge in present-day New York state on September 14, 1763, between a detachment of the British 80th Regiment of Light Armed Foot and about 300 Seneca warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–1766).

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Battle of Falmouth (1703)

Not to be confused with the Battle of Falmouth (1690) The Battle of Falmouth was fought at Falmouth, Maine when the Canadiens and Wabanaki Confederacy attacked the English New Casco Fort.

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Battle of Fort Bull

The Battle of Fort Bull was a French attack on the British-held Fort Bull on 27 March 1756, early in the French and Indian War.

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Battle of Fort Niagara

The Battle of Fort Niagara was a siege late in the French and Indian War, the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War.

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Battle of Fort Oswego (1756)

The Battle of Fort Oswego was one in a series of early French victories in the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War won in spite of New France's military vulnerability.

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Battle of Hubbardton

The Battle of Hubbardton was an engagement in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought in the village of Hubbardton, Vermont.

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Battle of Johnstown

The Battle of Johnstown was fought in Johnstown, New York.

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Battle of La Belle-Famille

The Battle of La Belle-Famille occurred on July 24, 1759, during the French and Indian War along the Niagara River portage trail.

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Battle of Lake George

The Battle of Lake George was fought on 8 September 1755, in the north of the Province of New York.

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Battle of Long Sault

The Battle of Long Sault occurred over a five-day period in early May 1660 during the Beaver Wars.

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Battle of Minisink

The Battle of Minisink was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought at Minisink Ford, New York, on July 22, 1779.

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Battle of Newtown

The Battle of Newtown (August 29, 1779) was a major battle of the Sullivan Expedition, an armed offensive led by General John Sullivan that was ordered by the Continental Congress to end the threat of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War.

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Battle of Oriskany

The Battle of Oriskany, fought on August 6, 1777, was one of the bloodiest battles in the North American theater of the American Revolutionary War and a significant engagement of the Saratoga campaign.

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Battle of Point Pleasant

The Battle of Point Pleasant — known as the Battle of Kanawha in some older accounts — was the only major action of Dunmore's War.

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Battle of Quebec (1690)

The Battle of Quebec was fought in October 1690 between the colonies of New France and Massachusetts Bay, then ruled by the kingdoms of France and England, respectively.

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Battle of Sorel

The Battle of Sorel occurred on June 19, 1610, with Samuel de Champlain supported by the Kingdom of France and his allies, the Wyandot people, Algonquin people and Innu people that fought against the Mohawk people in New France at present day Sorel-Tracy, Quebec.

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Battle of the Cedars

The Battle of the Cedars (Bataille des Cèdres) was a series of military confrontations early in the American Revolutionary War during the Continental Army's invasion of Canada that had begun in September 1775.

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Battle of the Chateauguay

The Battle of the Chateauguay was an engagement of the War of 1812.

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Battle of the Lake of Two Mountains

The Battle of the Lake of Two Mountains (Bataille du Lac-des-Deux-Montagnes) was a battle of the Beaver Wars between the colony of New France and the Iroquois Confederacy that occurred on October 16, 1689.

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Battle of the Thousand Islands

The Battle of the Thousand Islands (also known as the Siege of Montreal) was an engagement fought on 16–24 August 1760, in the upper St. Lawrence River, among the Thousand Islands, along the present day Canada–United States border, by British and French forces during the closing phases of the Seven Years' War, as it is called in Canada and Europe, or the French and Indian War as it is referred to in the United States.

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Battle of Ticonderoga (1759)

The 1759 Battle of Ticonderoga was a minor confrontation at Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga) on July 26 and 27, 1759, during the French and Indian War.

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Battle of Wilton (New York)

The Battle of Wilton was a skirmish fought in 1693 in Wilton, New York between Colonial Militia and allied Native forces on one hand and French forces and their Native allies as part of King William's War.

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Battle of Wyoming

The Battle of Wyoming (also known as the Wyoming Massacre) was an encounter during the American Revolutionary War between American Patriots and Loyalists accompanied by Iroquois raiders that took place in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania on July 3, 1778.

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Battles of the Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War, 1754–1763, spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.

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Baxter Springs, Kansas

Baxter Springs is a city in Cherokee County, Kansas, United States, and located along Spring River.

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Bead Hill

Bead Hill is an archaeological site comprising the only known remaining and intact 17th-century Seneca site in Canada.

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Beadwork

Beadwork is the art or craft of attaching beads to one another by stringing them with a sewing needle or beading needle and thread or thin wire, or sewing them to cloth.

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Beaver fraternal orders

There have been a number of interlocking fraternal orders known as the beavers.

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Beaver Wars

The Beaver Wars, also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars, encompass a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th and 18th centuries in eastern North America.

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Belfast, New York

Belfast (/ˈbɛl.fæst/ or /bəlˈfɑːst/) is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States.

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Bell UH-1 Iroquois

The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter powered by a single turboshaft engine, with two-blade main and tail rotors.

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Benjamin Tasker Jr.

Colonel Benjamin Tasker Jr. (February 14, 1720/21 – October 17, 1760) was a politician in colonial Maryland, and Mayor of Annapolis from 1754 to 1755.

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Berkeley County, West Virginia

Berkeley County is in the Eastern Panhandle region of West Virginia in the United States.

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Berri Street

Berri Street (officially in rue Berri) is a major north-south street located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Beulaville, North Carolina

Beulaville is a town located in Duplin County, North Carolina, United States.

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Bic National Park

Bic National Park is an national park of Quebec, Canada, located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, near the villages of Bic and Saint-Fabien, southwest of Rimouski.

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Big Runaway

The Big Runaway was a mass evacuation in June and July 1778 of settlers from the frontier areas of what is now north central Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War.

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Binghamton University

The State University of New York at Binghamton, commonly referred to as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton, is a public research university with campuses in Binghamton, Vestal, and Johnson City, New York, United States.

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Black Indians in the United States

Black Indians are people of mixed African-American and Native American heritage, who have strong ties to Native American culture.

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Black Man (song)

"Black Man" is a track on the 1976 Stevie Wonder album Songs in the Key of Life.

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Black Moshannon State Park

Black Moshannon State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Rush Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Black Robe

Black Robe, first published in 1985, is a historical novel by Brian Moore set in New France in the 17th century.

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Black Robe (film)

Black Robe is a 1991 biography film directed by Bruce Beresford.

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Blackfoot Confederacy

The Blackfoot Confederacy, Niitsitapi or Siksikaitsitapi (ᖹᐟᒧᐧᒣᑯ, meaning "the people" or "Blackfoot-speaking real people"Compare to Ojibwe: Anishinaabeg and Quinnipiac: Eansketambawg) is a historic collective name for the four bands that make up the Blackfoot or Blackfeet people: three First Nation band governments in the provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, and one federally recognized Native American tribe in Montana, United States.

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Blacksburg, Virginia

Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 42,620 at the 2010 census.

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Blayney, Ontario

Blayney is a hamlet in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada that is in between Pine Grove and Green's Corners.

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Blue Ridge Mountains

The Blue Ridge Mountains are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range.

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Bluebird

The bluebirds are a group of medium-sized, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous bird in the order of Passerines in the genus Sialia of the thrush family (Turdidae).

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Bombay, New York

Bombay is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States.

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Boston, New York

Boston is a town in Erie County, New York, United States.

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Box lacrosse

Box lacrosse, also known as boxla, box, or indoor lacrosse, is an indoor version of lacrosse played mostly in North America.

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Boyd and Parker ambush

The Boyd and Parker ambush was a minor military engagement in Groveland, New York on September 13, 1779, during the American Revolutionary War.

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Brandywine Creek (Christina River tributary)

Brandywine Creek (also called the Brandywine River) is a tributary of the Christina River in southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware in the United States.

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Brant's Volunteers

Brant's Volunteers also known as Joseph Brant's Volunteers were irregular British Loyalist volunteers, raised during the American Revolutionary War by pro-British Mohawk chief, Joseph Brant (Mohawk: Thayendanegea), who fought on the British side in the Province of New York.

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Brantford municipal election, 2003

The 2003 Brantford municipal election was held on November 10, 2003, to elect a mayor, city councillors, and school trustees in the city of Brantford, Ontario.

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Bread and Cheese Day

Bread and Cheese Day is observed by Canada's Six Nations Reserve on Victoria Day.

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Brebeuf College School

Brebeuf College School (Brebeuf College, BCS, or Brebeuf) is a publicly funded Roman Catholic all-boys high school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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British in Syracuse, New York

The British began to take an active interest in the land around Onondaga Lake in the early 18th century.

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Brockport, New York

Brockport is a village in the Town of Sweden, with two tiny portions in the Town of Clarkson, in Monroe County, New York, USA.

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Brockville

Brockville, formerly Elizabethtown, is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada in the Thousand Islands region.

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Brotherhood of the Wolf

Brotherhood of the Wolf (Le Pacte des loups) is a 2001 French historical action horror film directed by Christophe Gans, co-written by Gans and Stéphane Cabel, and starring Samuel Le Bihan, Mark Dacascos, Émilie Dequenne, Monica Bellucci and Vincent Cassel.

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Brownsville, Pennsylvania

Brownsville is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States, first settled in 1785 as the site of a trading post a few years after the pacification of the Iroquois enabled a post-Revolutionary war resumption of westward migration.

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Buffalo Broadway Auditorium

The Buffalo Broadway Auditorium is a former arsenal, United States Armory and indoor arena in the Ellicott District of Buffalo, New York.

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Buffalo River (New York)

The Buffalo River drains a watershed in New York state, emptying into the eastern end of Lake Erie at the City of Buffalo.

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Buffalo Rock State Park

Buffalo Rock State Park & Effigy Tumuli is an Illinois state park on in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States.

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Buffalo, New York

Buffalo is the second largest city in the state of New York and the 81st most populous city in the United States.

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Buffalo, West Virginia

Buffalo is a town in Putnam County, West Virginia, United States, along the Kanawha River.

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Burkesville, Kentucky

Burkesville is a home rule-class city in Cumberland County, Kentucky, in the United States.

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Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West is a 1970 book by American writer Dee Brown that covers the history of Native Americans in the American West in the late nineteenth century.

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Burying the hatchet

Bury the hatchet is an American English idiom meaning "to make peace".

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Butler's Rangers

Butler's Rangers (1777–1784) was a Loyalist, British provincial military unit of the American Revolutionary War, raised by Loyalist John Butler.

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Caddo

The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes.

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Cadwallader Colden

Cadwallader Colden (7 February 1688 – 28 September 1776) was a physician, natural scientist, a lieutenant governor and acting Governor for the Province of New York.

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Calumet Region

The Calumet Region is the geographic area drained by the Grand Calumet River and the Little Calumet River of northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana in the United States.

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Cambridge, Ontario

Cambridge (2016 population 129,920) is a city located in Southern Ontario at the confluence of the Grand and Speed rivers in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

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Camouflage passport

A camouflage passport is a document, designed to look like a real passport, issued in the name of a non-existent country or entity.

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Camp Alvernia

Camp Alvernia is a non-profit recreational summer camp in Centerport, New York on the North Shore of Long Island.

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Camp Becket

Camp Becket, also known as Camp Becket-in-the-Berkshires, is a YMCA summer camp for boys in the Berkshires.It is located in the region of western Massachusetts.

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Camp Ralph S. Mason

YMCA Camp Mason is a YMCA summer camp located in Hardwick Township, New Jersey.

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Canada (New France)

Canada was a French colony within New France first claimed in the name of the King of France in 1535 during the second voyage of Jacques Cartier.

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Canada at the 1904 Summer Olympics

Canada competed at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, United States.

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Canadian canoe routes

Canadian canoe routes (early): This article covers the water routes used by early explorers of Canada with special emphasis on the fur trade.

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Canadian identity

Canadian identity refers to the unique culture, characteristics and condition of being Canadian, as well as the many symbols and expressions that set Canada and Canadians apart from other peoples and cultures of the world.

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Canadian Martyrs

The Canadian Martyrs, also known as the North American Martyrs, were eight Jesuit missionaries from Sainte-Marie among the Hurons.

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Canadian Volunteers

The Canadian Volunteers was a unit composed of pro-American citizens or inhabitants of Upper Canada which fought for the United States of America during the Anglo-American War of 1812.

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Canadice Lake

Canadice Lake is one of the minor Finger Lakes of western New York.

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Canandaigua (city), New York

Canandaigua (Utaʼnaráhkhwaʼ in Tuscarora) is a city in Ontario County, New York, United States.

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Canandaigua Lake

Canandaigua Lake is the fourth largest of the Finger Lakes in the U.S. state of New York.

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Canasatego

Canassatego (c. 1684–1750) was a leader of the Onondaga nation who became a prominent diplomat and spokesman of the Iroquois Confederacy in the 1740s.

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Canastota, New York

Canastota is a village located inside the Town of Lenox in Madison County, New York, United States.

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Cape Fear Indians

The Cape Fear Indians were a small, coastal tribe of Native American who lived on the Cape Fear River in North Carolina (now Carolina Beach State Park).

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Capital District, New York

The Capital District, also known as the Capital Region, refers to the metropolitan area surrounding Albany, the capital of the U.S. state of New York.

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Captain Pipe

Captain Pipe (c. 1725? – c. 1818?) (Lenape), called Konieschquanoheel and also known as Hopocan, was an 18th-century chief of the Algonquian-speaking Lenape (Delaware) and a member of the Wolf Clan.

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Carbon County, Pennsylvania

Carbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 65,249. Its county seat is Jim Thorpe, founded in 1818 as Mauch Chunk, a company town of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company (LC&N) as it built a wagon road nine miles to their coal mine at today's Summit Hill, and constructed the Lehigh Canal navigations. Bartholomew, Metz, & Kneis, pp.4-6 ---> In 1827, that wagon road became the nation's second operating railroad, the Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad which is regarded as the world's first roller coaster, which became its main function between 1873–1931. The area around Mauch Chunk was known as the "Switzerland of America", the long wide slack water pool above the Lehigh's upper dam being surrounded by Mauch Chunk Ridge, Bear Mountain, Pisgah Ridge, Mount Pisgah, Nesquehoning Ridge, Broad Mountain and their various prominences and summits. Another railroad first, the first railway to operate steam locomotives as traction engines and prime movers in the United States was the Beaver Meadows Railroad, which connected from mines west of Beaver Meadows and Weatherly on the opposite side of Broad Mountain along a water path through the Lehigh Gorge at Penn Haven Junction (once supporting five railroads) to the Lehigh Canal opposite Lehighton. In the 1830s, the first blast furnaces in Northampton County were built by the LC&N in an attempt to make anthracite iron, the foundation of the early industrial revolution in America. The LC&N also built the first wire rope factory in the U.S. in Mauch Chunk. Carbon County is included in the Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton, PA–NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area. It is considered part of the state's Coal Region, though the eastern and northeastern sections are considered part of the Pocono Mountains—since they are east of the Lehigh River, the demarcation arbitrarily separating very similar mountain ridge and valley systems.

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Card money

Card money is a type of fiat money printed on plain cardboard or playing cards, which was used at times as currency in several colonies and countries (including Dutch Guiana, New France, and France) from the 17th century to the early 19th century.

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Card money in New France

Card money was in use in New France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

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Cardamine diphylla

Cardamine diphylla (Broadleaf toothwort, Crinkle root, Crinkle-root, Crinkleroot, Pepper root, Twin-leaved Toothwort, Twoleaf toothwort, Toothwort; syn. Dentaria diphylla Michx., Dentaria incisa) is a plant native to North America.

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Carex oligosperma

Carex oligosperma, common name fewseed sedge, few-seeded sedge, and few-fruited sedge, is a perennial plant in the Carex genus.

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Carignan-Salières Regiment

The Carignan-Salières Regiment was a Piedmont French military unit formed by merging two other regiments in 1659.

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Carl Paladino

Carl Pasquale Paladino (born August 24, 1946) is an American businessman and political activist.

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Carleton Island

Carleton Island is located in the St Lawrence River in upstate New York.

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Carrollton, New York

Carrollton is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States.

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Casimir Pulaski

Kazimierz Michał Władysław Wiktor Pułaski of Ślepowron (Casimir Pulaski; March 4 or March 6, 1745Makarewicz, 1998 October 11, 1779) was a Polish nobleman, soldier and military commander who has been called, together with his Hungarian friend Michael Kovats de Fabriczy, "the father of the American cavalry".

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Cassadaga, New York

Cassadaga is a village in Chautauqua County, New York, United States.

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Castellani Art Museum

The Castellani Art Museum of Niagara University is an art museum centrally located on the University's main campus in the town of Lewiston.

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Castle

A castle (from castellum) is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages by predominantly the nobility or royalty and by military orders.

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Catawba people

The Catawba, also known as Issa or Essa or Iswä but most commonly Iswa (Catawba: iswa - "people of the river"), are a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans, known as the Catawba Indian Nation. They live in the Southeast United States, along the border of North Carolina near the city of Rock Hill, South Carolina.

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Catherine Montour

Catherine Montour, also known as Queen Catherine (died after 1791), was a prominent Iroquois leader living in Queanettquaga, a Seneca village of Sheaquaga, informally called Catharine's Town, in western New York.

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Catonsville, Maryland

Catonsville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States.

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Cattaraugus Reservation

Cattaraugus Reservation is an Indian reservation of the federally recognized Seneca Nation of Indians, formerly part of the Iroquois Confederacy located in New York.

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Cattaraugus Reservation, Cattaraugus County, New York

Cattaraugus Reservation is an Indian reservation in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States.

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Cayuga County, New York

Cayuga County is a county in the U.S. state of New York.

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Cayuga Creek

Cayuga Creek is a small stream in western New York, United States, with stretches in both Erie County and Wyoming County.

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Cayuga language

Cayuga (In Cayuga Gayogo̱hó:nǫ’) is a Northern Iroquoian language of the Iroquois Proper (also known as "Five Nations Iroquois") subfamily, and is spoken on Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, Ontario, by around 240 Cayuga people, and on the Cattaraugus Reservation, New York, by less than 10.

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Cayuga Nation of New York

The Cayuga Nation of New York is a federally recognized tribe of Cayuga people, based in New York, United States.

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Cayuga people

The Cayuga (Cayuga: Guyohkohnyo or Gayogohó:no’, literally "People of the Great Swamp") was one of the five original constituents of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), a confederacy of Native Americans in New York.

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Central New York

Central New York is the central region of New York State, roughly including the following counties and cities: Under this definition, the region has a population of about 1,177,073, and includes the Syracuse metropolitan area.

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Central Oak Heights

Central Oak Heights is an association of cottage owners on 45 acres (0.22 km2) of wooded land in Kelly Township, Union County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Chadakoin River

The Chadakoin River is a stream that is a tributary of the Conewango Creek.

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Chalahgawtha

Chalahgawtha (or, more commonly in English, Chillicothe) was the name of one of the five divisions (or bands) of the Shawnee, a Native American people, during the 18th century, as well as the name of the principal village of the division.

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Chambersburg, Pennsylvania

Chambersburg is a borough in and the county seat of Franklin County, in the South Central region of Pennsylvania, United States.

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Champ (folklore)

In American folklore, Champ or Champy is the name given to a lake monster supposedly living in Lake Champlain, a -long body of fresh water shared by New York and Vermont, with a portion extending into Quebec, Canada.

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Charles de Montmagny

Charles Jacques Huault de Montmagny (c. 1599 – 1654) was governor of New France from 1636 to 1648.

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Charles Garnier (missionary)

Saint Charles Garnier, S.J. (baptised at Paris, May 25 1606 – December 7 1649) was a Jesuit missionary working in New France.

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Charles Lallemant

Charles Lallemant (or Lalemant), (November 17, 1587 – November 18, 1674) was a French Jesuit.

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Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay

Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay (2 August 1626 – February 1685),: gives dates (1 August 1626; d. at Ville-Marie, 1683) and mentions names/actions of several sons.

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Chazy, New York

Chazy is a town in northeastern Clinton County, New York, in the United States.

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Cheat River

The Cheat River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Cheektowaga (town), New York

Cheektowaga is a town in Erie County, New York, United States.

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Chelidonium

Chelidonium majus, (commonly known as greater celandine or tetterwort, (although tetterwort also refers to Sanguinaria canadensis), nipplewort, or swallowwort) is a herbaceous perennial plant, one of two species in the genus Chelidonium.

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Chemung River

The Chemung River is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately long,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Chenango County, New York

Chenango County is a county located in the south-central section U.S. state of New York.

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Chequamegon Bay

Chequamegon Bay is an inlet of Lake Superior, NE-SW and 2- wide, in Ashland and Bayfield counties in the extreme northern part of Wisconsin.

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Cheraw

The Cheraw people, also known as the Saraw or Saura, were a Siouan-speaking tribe of indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, in the Piedmont area of North Carolina near the Sauratown Mountains, east of Pilot Mountain and north of the Yadkin River.

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Cherokee

The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Cherokee (Ray Noble song)

"Cherokee" (also known as "Cherokee (Indian Love Song)") is a jazz standard written by Ray Noble and published in 1938.

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Cherokee history

Cherokee history draws upon the oral traditions and written history of the Cherokee people, who are currently enrolled in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Cherokee Nation, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians, living predominantly in North Carolina and Oklahoma.

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Cherokee military history

The Cherokee people of the southeastern United States, and later Oklahoma and surrounding areas, have a long military history.

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Cherokee treaties

The Cherokee have participated in over forty treaties in the past three hundred years.

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Cherokee–American wars

The Cherokee–American wars, also known as the Chickamauga Wars, were a series of back-and-forth raids, campaigns, ambushes, minor skirmishes, and several full-scale frontier battles in the Old Southwest from 1776 to 1795 between the Cherokee (Ani-Yunwiya or "Nana Waiya", Tsalagi) and the Americans on the frontier.

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Cherry Springs State Park

Cherry Springs State Park is an Pennsylvania state park in Potter County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania

Cherry Tree is a borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Cherry Valley (village), New York

Cherry Valley is a village in Otsego County, New York, United States.

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Cherry Valley massacre

The Cherry Valley massacre was an attack by British and Iroquois forces on a fort and the village of Cherry Valley in eastern New York on November 11, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War.

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Chickasaw Campaign of 1736

The Chickasaw Campaign of 1736 consisted of two pitched battles by the French and allies against Chickasaw fortified villages in present-day Northeast Mississippi.

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Chickasaw Gardens

Chickasaw Gardens is an established upscale neighborhood in midtown Memphis, Tennessee.

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Chickasaw Wars

The Chickasaw Wars were fought in the 18th century between the Chickasaw allied with the British against the French and their allies the Choctaws and Illinois Confederation.

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Chief Canaqueese

Canaqueese was a Mohawk war chief and intercultural mediator who lived in the 17th century in the Mohawk Valley, an area of central present-day New York state, United States.

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Chief Logan State Park

Chief Logan State Park is located on about north of Logan in Logan County, West Virginia, United States.

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Child sacrifice in pre-Columbian cultures

Tlatelolco. The practice of child sacrifice in Pre-Columbian cultures, in particular Mesoamerican and South American cultures, is well documented both in the archaeological records and in written sources.

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Chillicothe, Missouri

Chillicothe is a city in and the county seat of Livingston County, Missouri, United States.

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Chippawa, Ontario

Chippawa is a community located within the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario.

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Chippewas of Saugeen Ojibway Territory

Chippewas of Saugeen Ojibway Territory, also known as the Saugeen Ojibway Nation Territory, is the name applied to Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation and Saugeen First Nation as a collective.

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Chittenango, New York

Chittenango is a village located in Madison County, New York, in the United States.

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Chonodote

Chonodote was an 18th-century village of the Cayuga nation of Iroquois Indians in what is now upstate New York, USA.

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Chris Friel (politician)

Chris Friel is a politician in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Christian Island

Christian Island is a large island in Georgian Bay close to the communities of Penetanguishene and Midland, Ontario.

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Christianity in the 17th century

17th Century Missionary activity in Asia and the Americas grew strongly, put down roots, and developed its institutions, though it met with strong resistance in Japan in particular.

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Christianity in the 18th century

Christianity in the 18th century is marked by the First Great Awakening in the Americas, along with the expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese empires around the world, which helped to spread Catholicism.

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Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg

Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg, also known as Christoph de Graffenried, (15 November 1661 – 1743) was a British peer from Switzerland who founded New Bern, Carolina, in 1710.

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City Island (Pennsylvania)

City Island is a mile-long island in the Susquehanna River between Harrisburg and Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Civilization IV: Colonization

Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Colonization is a remake (a total conversion using Civilization IV engine) of the 1994 turn-based strategy game Sid Meier's Colonization.

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CKRZ-FM

CKRZ-FM is a radio station in Ohsweken, Ontario.

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Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

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Clan Mother

Clan Mother is a traditional role of elder matriarch women within certain Native American clans, who was typically in charge of appointing tribal chiefs and Faithkeepers.

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Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas is based upon cultural regions, geography, and linguistics.

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Claude Dablon

Claude Dablon (February 1618 – May 3, 1697) was a Jesuit missionary, born in Dieppe, France.

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Claude-Nicolas-Guillaume de Lorimier

Claude-Nicolas-Guillaume de Lorimier (September 4, 1744 – June 7, 1825) was a businessman, official and political figure in Lower Canada.

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Clay, New York

Clay is a town in Onondaga County, New York, United States.

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Clayton (village), New York

Clayton is a village located in the Town of Clayton in Jefferson County, New York, United States.

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Claytonia virginica

Claytonia virginica, the Virginia springbeauty, eastern spring beauty, grass-flower or fairy spud, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Montiaceae.

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Clear Creek, Ontario

Clear Creek is a hamlet in southwestern Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada.

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Clemuel Ricketts Mansion

The Clemuel Ricketts Mansion (also known as the Stone House, the William R. Ricketts House, and Ganoga) is a Georgian-style house made of sandstone, built in 1852 or 1855 on the shore of Ganoga Lake in Colley Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Coal Region

The Coal Region is a historically important coal-mining area in Northeastern Pennsylvania in the central Ridge-and-valley Appalachian Mountains, comprising Lackawanna, Luzerne, Columbia, Carbon, Schuylkill, Northumberland, and the extreme northeast corner of Dauphin counties.

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Codex canadensis

Codex canadensis is a handwritten and hand-drawn document from circa 1700 that depicts the wildlife and native peoples of Canada.

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Cody Jamieson

Cody Jamieson (born July 17, 1987 in Six Nations, Ontario) is a Mohawk lacrosse player from the Turtle Clan at Grand River.

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Cohocton (village), New York

Cohocton is a village in Steuben County, New York, United States.

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Cohocton River

The Cohocton River, sometimes referred to as the Conhocton River, is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Cohoes Falls

Cohoes Falls is a waterfall on the Mohawk River shared by the city of Cohoes and the town of Waterford, New York, United States.

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Coldspring, New York

Coldspring is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States.

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Collingwood, Ontario

Collingwood is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada.

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Colonial American military history

Colonial American military history is the military record of the Thirteen Colonies from their founding to the American Revolution in 1775.

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Colonial militia in Canada

The colonial militias in Canada were made up of various militias prior to Confederation in 1867.

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Colony of Virginia

The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertGILBERT (Saunders Family), SIR HUMPHREY" (history), Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, University of Toronto, May 2, 2005 in 1583, and the subsequent further south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s. The founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company, with the first two settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607. The Popham colony quickly failed due to a famine, disease, and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years. Jamestown occupied land belonging to the Powhatan Confederacy, and was also at the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies by ship in 1610. Tobacco became Virginia's first profitable export, the production of which had a significant impact on the society and settlement patterns. In 1624, the Virginia Company's charter was revoked by King James I, and the Virginia colony was transferred to royal authority as a crown colony. After the English Civil War in the 1640s and 50s, the Virginia colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II for its perceived loyalty to the English monarchy during the era of the Protectorate and Commonwealth of England.. From 1619 to 1775/1776, the colonial legislature of Virginia was the House of Burgesses, which governed in conjunction with a colonial governor. Jamestown on the James River remained the capital of the Virginia colony until 1699; from 1699 until its dissolution the capital was in Williamsburg. The colony experienced its first major political turmoil with Bacon's Rebellion of 1676. After declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1775, before the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted, the Virginia colony became the Commonwealth of Virginia, one of the original thirteen states of the United States, adopting as its official slogan "The Old Dominion". The entire modern states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and portions of Ohio and Western Pennsylvania were later created from the territory encompassed, or claimed by, the colony of Virginia at the time of further American independence in July 1776.

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Colton Point State Park

Colton Point State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

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Columbia County, New York

Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York.

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Columbia District

The Columbia District was a fur trading district in the Pacific Northwest region of British North America in the 19th century.

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Columbia, Pennsylvania

Columbia, formerly Wright's Ferry, is a borough (town) in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 28 miles (45 km) southeast of Harrisburg on the east (left) bank of the Susquehanna River, across from Wrightsville and York County and just south of U.S. Route 30.

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Columbus County, North Carolina

Columbus County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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Comfort Tyler

Comfort Tyler (February 22, 1764 - August 5, 1827), one of the original settlers of modern Syracuse, New York, brought his family in the spring of 1788 to what became the hamlet of Onondaga Hollow on the future Seneca Turnpike, south of the city's center today.

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Commissioners for Indian Affairs

The Commissioners for Indian Affairs were a group of officials of colonial Albany, New York charged with regulating the fur trade and dealing with the Iroquois.

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Compagnie du Nord

The Compagnie du Nord (also referred to as the Northern Company) was a French colonial fur-trading company, founded in Québec City 1682 by a group of Canadien financiers with the express intent of competing with the English Hudson's Bay Company.

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Compagnies Franches de la Marine

The Compagnies Franches de la Marine (previously known as Troupes de la marine, and later being renamed and reorganized as the Troupes de Marine) were an ensemble of autonomous infantry units attached to the French Royal Navy (marine royale) bound to serve both on land and sea.

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Company of One Hundred Associates

The Company of One Hundred Associates (French: formally the Compagnie de la Nouvelle France, or colloquially the Compagnie des Cent-Associés or Compagnie du Canada or Company of New France) was a French trading and colonization company chartered in 1627 to capitalize on the North American fur trade and to expand French colonies there.

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Conestoga River

The Conestoga River, also referred to as Conestoga Creek, is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Conewago Falls

Conewago Falls in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania was a historic river barrier below and south of HarrisburgThree Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station at a wide spot, where the river drops in along the lower Susquehanna River along either side of Three Mile Island.

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Conewago Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania

Conewago Township is a township in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Confederacy

Confederacy may refer to: A confederation, an association of sovereign states or communities.

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Confederation

A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a union of sovereign states, united for purposes of common action often in relation to other states.

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Conflict Kitchen

Conflict Kitchen is a take-out restaurant in Pittsburgh that serves only ethnic foods from countries with which the United States is in conflict.

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Congress of Alexandria

The Congress or Council of Alexandria was a 1755 meeting of Major-General Edward Braddock, commander-in-chief of the British Army in North America and governors of five of the constituent colonies.

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Connecticut River

The Connecticut River is the longest river in the New England region of the United States, flowing roughly southward for through four states.

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Conrad Weiser

Conrad Weiser (November 2, 1696 – July 13, 1760), born Johann Conrad Weiser, Jr., was a Pennsylvania Dutch pioneer, interpreter and diplomat between the Pennsylvania Colony and Native Americans.

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Conrad Weiser Homestead

The Conrad Weiser Homestead was the home of Johann Conrad Weiser, who enlisted the Iroquois on the British side in the French and Indian War.

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Consensus decision-making

Consensus decision-making is a group decision-making process in which group members develop, and agree to support a decision in the best interest of the whole.

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Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

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Conyngham, Pennsylvania

Conyngham is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Cook Forest State Park

Cook Forest State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Farmington Township, Clarion County, Barnett Township, Forest County and Barnett Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Coree

The Coree (also Connamox, Cores, Corennines, Connamocksocks, Coranine Indians, Neuse River Indians) were a very small Native American tribe, who once occupied a coastal area south of the Neuse River in southeastern North Carolina in the area now covered by Carteret and Craven counties.

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Cornelia Horsford

Cornelia Horsford (1861–1941?) was an American archaeologist and writer whose work focused on the Norse settlement of Vinland and other possible traces of early Norse exploration and settlement of North America, especially in Massachusetts.

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Cornelius Hill

Cornelius Hill (November 13, 1834 – January 25, 1907) or Onangwatgo (“Big Medicine”) was the last hereditary chief of the Oneida Nation, and fought to preserve his people's lands and rights under various treaties with the United States government.

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Corning (city), New York

Corning is a city in Steuben County, New York, United States, on the Chemung River.

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Cornplanter

John Abeel III (born between 1732 and 1746–February 18, 1836), known as Gaiänt'wakê (Gyantwachia - ″the planter″) or Kaiiontwa'kon (Kaintwakon - "By What One Plants") in the Seneca language and thus generally known as Cornplanter, was a Seneca war chief and diplomat of the Wolf clan.

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Cornplanter Medal

The Cornplanter Medal is an award for scholastic and other contributions to the betterment of knowledge of the Iroquois people.

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Cornplanter State Forest

Cornplanter State Forest is a Pennsylvania State Forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #14.

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Cornstalk

Cornstalk (Shawnee: Hokoleskwa or Hokolesqua) (ca. 1720 – November 10, 1777) was a prominent leader of the Shawnee nation just prior to the American Revolution (1775-1783).

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Cornwall, Ontario

Cornwall is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, and the seat of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry.

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Cory Bomberry

Cory Bomberry (born August 9, 1976) is an Iroquois lacrosse player who is currently a free agent.

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Coshocton, Ohio

Coshocton is a city in and the county seat of Coshocton County, Ohio, United States approximately 63 mi (102 km) ENE of Columbus.

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Cosmic Hunt

The Cosmic Hunt is an old and widely distributed family of cognate myths.

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Coucoucache Indian Reserve No. 24

Coucoucache (officially designated as Coucoucache 24A) was a tiny First Nation reserve, in Cloutier Township, on the north shore of Reservoir Blanc on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada.

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Coulée Grou

Coulée Grou is the name of an area in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that was the location of a battle of the Beaver Wars, also known as the Iroquois Wars, given in honor of Jean Grou, a Canadian pioneer.

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Council of Three Fires

The Council of Three Fires (in Anishinaabe: Niswi-mishkodewin) are also known as the People of the Three Fires; the Three Fires Confederacy; or the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians.

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Coureur des bois

A coureur des bois or coureur de bois ("runner of the woods"; plural: coureurs de bois) was an independent entrepreneurial French-Canadian trader who traveled in New France and the interior of North America.

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Covenant Chain

The Covenant Chain was a series of alliances and treaties developed during the seventeenth century, primarily between the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) and the British colonies of North America, with other Native American tribes added.

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Cradleboard

Cradleboards are traditional protective baby-carriers used by many indigenous cultures in North America.

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Craig Point

Craig Point (born January 19, 1986), is an Iroquois lacrosse player who currently plays for the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League and the Six Nations Chiefs of Major Series Lacrosse.

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Crawford Purchase

The Crawford Purchase was an agreement that surrendered lands that extended west along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario from the Mississaugas to the British crown to enable Loyalist settlement in what is now a part of eastern Ontario, Canada.

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Credit Mission

The Credit Mission was an Indian Mission on the Credit River in Upper Canada.

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Cree

The Cree (script; Cri) are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America, with over 200,000 members living in Canada.

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Crooked Arrows

Crooked Arrows is a 2012 American sports drama film directed by Steve Rash and written by Brad Riddell.

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Cucumber

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae.

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Culbertson's Path

Culbertson's Path was a Native American trail in north central Pennsylvania in the United States, which connected the Great Island Path with the Sheshequin Path.

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Cultural anthropology

Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans.

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Cumming Nature Center

The Cumming Nature Center is a 900-acre environmental education facility located near Naples, New York.

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Cummings Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania

Cummings Township is a township in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Custaloga

Custaloga, also known as Packanke, was a chief of the Delaware (Lenape) tribe in the mid-18th century.

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Daniel Boone

Daniel Boone (September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer, explorer, woodsman, and frontiersman, whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States.

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Daniel Boone (1964 TV series)

Daniel Boone is an American action-adventure television series starring Fess Parker as Daniel Boone that aired from September 24, 1964, to May 7, 1970, on NBC for 165 episodes, and was produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Arcola Enterprises, and Fespar Corp.

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Daniel Bread

Daniel Bread (1800-1873) was an important Oneida political and cultural leader who helped the Oneida preserve their culture while adapting to new realities during their transplantation from New York to Wisconsin (known then as Michigan Territory).

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Daniel Brodhead IV

Daniel Brodhead IV (October 17, 1736 – November 15, 1809) was an American military and political leader during the American Revolutionary War and early days of the United States.

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Daniel Claus

Christian Daniel Claus (1727–1787) was a Commissioner of Indian Affairs and a prominent Loyalist during the American Revolution.

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Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle

Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle, Sieur de Montigny, de La Fresnaye et de Courcelle (1626 – October 24, 1698) was the governor general of New France from 1665 to 1672.

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Daniel Garacontié

Daniel Garacontié (also Garacontie, Garakontie, Garakonthie, Garaconthie, Sagochiendagehté; died 1676) was a tribal chief of the Onondaga nation.

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Daniel Greathouse

Daniel Greathouse (17521775) was a settler in colonial Virginia.

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Danville, Pennsylvania

Danville is a borough in and the county seat of Montour County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the North Branch of the Susquehanna River.

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David Bates Douglass

David Bates Douglass (March 21, 1790 – October 21, 1849) was a civil and military engineer, who worked on a broad set of projects throughout his career.

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David Cusick

David Cusick (c.1780 – c.1831)Sturtevant, William C. "Early Iroquois Realist Painting and Identity Marking." Three Centuries of Woodlands Indian Art.

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Dawndraco

'Dawndraco is a controversial genus of pteranodontid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous of North America.

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D–Q University

Deganawidah-Quetzalcoatl University or D–Q University was a two-year college located on Road 31 in Yolo County, west of State Route 113 in California.

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De Smet Range

The De Smet Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies located northwest of Highway 16 and Jasper Lake in Jasper National Park, Canada.

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Dean Hill

Dean Hill (born October 26, 1986) is an Iroquois lacrosse player for the Georgia Swarm in the National Lacrosse League.

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Deaths in June 2005

The following is a list of notable people who died in June 2005.

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Declaration of war by the United States

A declaration of war is a formal declaration issued by a national government indicating that a state of war exists between that nation and another.

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Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) was adopted by the General Assembly on Thursday, 13 September 2007, by a majority of 144 states in favour, 4 votes against (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States) and 11 abstentions (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine).

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Deer Woman

The Deer Woman, sometimes known as the Deer Lady, is a spirit in various forms of Native American mythology that is primarily associated with fertility and love.

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Dekanawida (YTB-831)

Dekanawida (YTB-831) is a United States Navy named for the Great Peacemaker who, by tradition, was one of the founders of the ''Iroquois Confederacy''.

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Delaware

Delaware is one of the 50 states of the United States, in the Mid-Atlantic or Northeastern region.

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Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor

The Delaware & Lehigh Canal National and State Heritage Corridor (D&L) is a National Heritage Area in eastern Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Delaware Tribe of Indians

The Delaware Tribe of Indians, sometimes called the Eastern Delaware, based in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, is one of three federally recognized tribes of Delaware Indians in the United States, along with the Delaware Nation based in Anadarko, Oklahoma NewsOk. 4 Aug 2009 (retrieved 5 August 2009) and the Stockbridge-Munsee Community of Wisconsin.

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Delaware, Ontario

Delaware is a community located about west of and outside of London, Ontario, Canada within Middlesex County.

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Delby Powless

Delby Powless (born July 3, 1980), is a Mohawk lacrosse player from the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation near Brantford, Ontario.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Demographics of North Carolina

Demographics of North Carolina covers the varieties of ethnic groups who reside in North Carolina and relevant trends.

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Dennis Cusick

Dennis Cusick (c. 1800-1824) was a Tuscarora painter from New York and one of the founders of the Iroquois Realist Style of painting.

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Des Rapides Park

Des Rapides Park (Parc des Rapides) is an urban park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Deskaheh

Levi General (March 15, 1873 - June 27, 1925), commonly known as Deskaheh, was a Haudenosaunee hereditary chief and appointed speaker noted for his persistent efforts to get recognition for his people.

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Detroit

Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.

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Detroit River

The Detroit River (Rivière Détroit) flows for from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie as a strait in the Great Lakes system and forms part of the border between Canada and the United States.

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Dhegihan History and Separation

The Dhegihan (Degihan) migration history and separation is the narrative of the long journey on foot by the North American Indians in the ancient Hoga tribe.

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Dieppe

Dieppe is a coastal community in the Arrondissement of Dieppe in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.

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Dish With One Spoon

The Dish With One Spoon, also known as the One Dish One Spoon, is a wampum treaty originally made between the Anishinaabe and Haudenosaunee, and covering territories in the St. Lawrence lowlands and Great Lakes Basin of North America, including parts of Ontario, Quebec, New York, and Michigan.

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DJ Shub

DJ Shub (Dan General) is a Mohawk DJ and music producer and member of the Six Nations of the Grand River.

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Dollar coin (United States)

The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar.

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Dominion of New England

The Dominion of New England in America (1686–89) was an administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for the Colony of Pennsylvania).

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Dominique Ducharme

Dominique Ducharme (15 May 1765 – 3 August 1853), from Lachine, Quebec, was a French Canadian fur trader, settler, militia officer, and public servant.

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Donald A. Grinde Jr.

Donald Andrew Grinde Jr., a professor at the University at Buffalo, New York, is noted for his scholarship and writing on Native American issues.

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Dongan Charter

The Dongan Charter is the 1686 document incorporating Albany, New York as a city.

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Doublehead

Doublehead (1744–1807) or Incalatanga (Tal-tsu'tsa in Cherokee), was one of the most feared warriors of the Cherokee during the Cherokee–American wars.

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Dowitcher

The three dowitchers are medium-sized long-billed wading birds in the genus Limnodromus.

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Drums Along the Mohawk

Drums Along the Mohawk is a 1939 historical fiction film based upon a 1936 novel of the same name by American author, Walter D. Edmonds.

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Duluth, Minnesota

Duluth is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County.

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Dumoine River

The Dumoine River is a river in western Quebec with its source in Machin Lake near La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve.

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Dunkirk, New York

Dunkirk is a city in Chautauqua County, New York, in the United States.

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Dynasty

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.

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E. J. Pratt

Edwin John Dove Pratt, (February 4, 1882 – April 26, 1964), who published as E. J. Pratt, was "the leading Canadian poet of his time.""," Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica.com, Web, May 3, 2011.

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E. Pauline Johnson

Emily Pauline Johnson (also known in Mohawk as Tekahionwake –pronounced: dageh-eeon-wageh, literally: 'double-life') (10 March 1861 – 7 March 1913), commonly known as E. Pauline Johnson or just Pauline Johnson, was a Canadian writer and performer popular in the late 19th century.

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East Bloomfield, New York

East Bloomfield is a town in Ontario County, New York, United States.

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Eastern Continental Divide

The Eastern Continental Divide (ECD) or Appalachian Divide or Eastern Divide, in conjunction with other continental divides of North America, demarcates two watersheds of the Atlantic Ocean: the Gulf of Mexico watershed and the Atlantic Seaboard watershed.

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Eaton Site

Eaton Site is a historic archeological site located at West Seneca in Erie County, New York.

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Eaton, New York

Eaton is a town in Madison County, New York, United States.

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Economy of Ontario

The economy of Ontario is rich and diversified.

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Economy of the Iroquois

The economy of the Iroquois (also known as Haudenosaunee) historically was based on communal production and combined elements of both horticulture and hunter-gatherer systems.

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Edmeston, New York

Edmeston is a town located in Otsego County, New York, United States.

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Edmund Andros

Sir Edmund Andros (6 December 1637 – 24 February 1714) was an English colonial administrator in North America.

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Edward Cornplanter

Edward Cornplanter or So-son-do-wa (1856–1918) was a chief of the Seneca people of the Iroquois Nation (Haudenosaunee) and a leading exponent of the Code of Handsome Lake (Gai'wiio, also known as the Longhouse Religion).

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Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon

Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon (28 November 1661 – 31 March 1723), styled Viscount Cornbury between 1674 and 1709, was propelled into the forefront of English politics when he and part of his army defected from the Catholic King James II to support the newly arrived Protestant contender, William III of Orange.

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Eleazer Williams

Eleazer Williams (May 1788 – August 28, 1858) was a Canadian clergyman and missionary of Mohawk descent.

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Elective rights

Two central issues for democracies are the right to candidate, and suffrage or the franchise—that is, the decision as to who is entitled to vote.

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Elfquest

Elfquest (or ElfQuest) is a cult hit comic book property created by Wendy and Richard Pini in 1978.

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Elihu Spencer

Elihu Spencer (February 12, 1721 – December 27, 1784) was a Yankee clergyman who served as a chaplain during the French and Indian War.

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Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton

Elizabeth Hamilton (née Schuyler; August 9, 1757 – November 9, 1854), sometimes called "Eliza" or "Betsey", was co-founder and deputy director of an orphanage in New York City.

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Ellicott Creek

Ellicott Creek is a stream in Western New York, United States.

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Ellisburg, New York

Ellisburg is a Town in Jefferson County, New York, United States.

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Elmira, New York

Elmira is a city in Chemung County, New York, United States.

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Ely S. Parker

Ely Samuel Parker (1828 – August 31, 1895), (born Hasanoanda, later known as Donehogawa) was a Seneca attorney, engineer, and tribal diplomat.

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Empire: Total War

Empire: Total War is a turn-based strategy and real-time tactics computer game developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega.

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Endless Mountains

The Endless Mountains are a chain of mountains in northeastern Pennsylvania.

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Enemy

An enemy or a foe is an individual or a group that is verified as forcefully adverse or threatening.

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Ephraim Hawley House

The Ephraim Hawley House is a Colonial American wooden post-and-beam timber-frame saltbox farm house on the Farm Highway, Route 108, on the south side of Mischa Hill.

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Ephraim Webster

Ephraim Webster (June 30, 1762 - October 16, 1824) was the first white settler in Central New York when he arrived in 1786 to an area later named Syracuse.

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Epigaea repens

Epigaea repens – known as mayflower or trailing arbutus – is a low, spreading shrub in the Ericaceae family.

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Eric Gansworth

Eric Gansworth is a Haudenosaunee novelist, poet and visual artist.

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Erie people

The Erie people (also Erieehronon, Eriechronon, Riquéronon, Erielhonan, Eriez, Nation du Chat) were a Native American people historically living on the south shore of Lake Erie.

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Erie Triangle

The Erie Triangle is a roughly 300-square-mile tract of American land that was the subject of several competing colonial-era claims and which was eventually acquired by the U.S. federal government and sold to Pennsylvania so that the state would have access to a freshwater port on Lake Erie.

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Erie, Pennsylvania

Erie is a city in and the county seat of Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Erin Mills

Erin Mills is a planned community in the city of Mississauga, approximately west of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Erminnie A. Smith

Erminnie A. Smith, née Erminnie Adele Platt (1836–1886) was a geologist and an anthropologist at the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology.

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Esopus Wars

The Esopus Wars were two localized conflicts between the indigenous Esopus tribe of Lenape Indians and colonialist New Netherlanders during the latter half of the 17th century in what is now Ulster County, New York.

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Essex, New York

Essex is a town in Essex County, New York, United States overlooking Lake Champlain.

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Ethel V. Ashton

Ethel V. Ashton (February 9, 1896 – 1975) was an American artist who primarily worked in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Ethnic groups in Syracuse, New York

The story of the city of Syracuse began with the land which was covered with swamps and bogs, and with a large forest surrounding a clear, freshwater lake located in the northeast corner of the Finger Lakes Region.

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Ethnobotany

Ethnobotany is the study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people.

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Etobicoke

Etobicoke (with a silent 'ke') is an administrative district and former city that makes up the western part of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Euclid Creek

Euclid Creek is a long stream located in Cuyahoga and Lake counties in the state of Ohio in the United States.

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Eurybia macrophylla

Eurybia macrophylla, commonly known as the bigleaf aster, large-leaved aster, largeleaf aster or bigleaf wood aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the composite family that was formerly treated in the genus Aster.

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Events of National Historic Significance

Events of National Historic Significance (also called National Historic Events) (Les événements d'importance historique nationale) are events that have been designated by Canada's Minister of the Environment, on the advice of the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board, as being defining actions, episodes, movements or experiences in Canadian history.

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Evert Bancker (mayor)

Evert Bancker (January 24, 1665 in Albany, New York – July 1734 in Guilderland, New York) was an American trader and politician who was Mayor of Albany from 1695 to 1696 and from 1707 to 1709.

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Exocannibalism

Exocannibalism (from Greek exo-, "from outside" and cannibalism, "to eat humans"), as opposed to endocannibalism, is the consumption of flesh outside one's close social group—for example, eating one's enemy.

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Expulsion of the Loyalists

During the American Revolution, those who continued to support King George III of Great Britain came to be known as Loyalists.

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Fair Play Men

The Fair Play Men were illegal settlers (squatters) who established their own system of self-rule from 1773 to 1785 in the West Branch Susquehanna River valley of Pennsylvania in what is now the United States.

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Fairmount Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

Fairmount Township is a township in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Falls Church, Virginia

Falls Church is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

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False Face Society

The False Face Society is probably the best known of the medicinal societies among the Iroquois, especially for its dramatic wooden masks.

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Fathers and Crows

Fathers and Crows is a 1992 historical novel by the American author William T. Vollmann.

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Fauquier County, Virginia

Fauquier is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

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Federation

A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.

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Federation of International Lacrosse

The Federation of International Lacrosse (FIL) is the international governing body of lacrosse, responsible for the men's, women's, and indoor versions of the sport.

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Ferrisburgh, Vermont

Ferrisburgh is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States.

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Fiat money

Fiat money is a currency without intrinsic value that has been established as money, often by government regulation.

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Field lacrosse

Field lacrosse is a full contact outdoor men's sport played with ten players on each team.

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Finger Lakes

The Finger Lakes are a group of 11 long, narrow, roughly north–south lakes in an area called the Finger Lakes region in Central New York, in the United States.

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Finger Lakes National Forest

The Finger Lakes National Forest is a United States National Forest that encompasses of Seneca and Schuyler counties, nestled between Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake in the Finger Lakes Region of the State of New York.

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First Nations

In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

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First Nations in Alberta

First Nations in Alberta are indigenous peoples who live in the Canadian province of Alberta.

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First Nations in Ontario

First Nations in Ontario constitute many nations.

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First Nations Lacrosse Association

First Nations Lacrosse Association (formerly Iroquois Lacrosse Association) is the governing body of lacrosse for First Nations within Canada and Native American tribes within the United States.

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First North Americans

First North Americans are a series of historical fiction novels published by Tor and written by husband and wife co-authors W. Michael Gear & Kathleen O'Neal Gear.

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Fish Creek (Oneida Lake)

Fish Creek (called Tege-soken, "between the mouths" by the Haudenosaunee) is a moderately sized river emptying into the eastern end of Oneida Lake in Oneida County, New York.

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Fishkill Creek

Fishkill Creek is a tributary of the Hudson River in Dutchess County, New York, United States.

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Five Nations

Five Nations can refer to.

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Flamborough, Ontario

Flamborough is a district and former municipality in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

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Flint Creek (New York)

Flint Creek is a creek in the Finger Lakes region of New York State, located between Canandaigua Lake and Seneca Lake.

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Fluvanna County, Virginia

Fluvanna County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

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Flying Hawk

Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.

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Flying Head

The Flying Head (also known as Big Head) is a cannibalistic monster or spirit from Iroquois and Wyandot mythology.

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Fonda, New York

Fonda is a village in and the county seat of Montgomery County, New York, United States.

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Football

Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.

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Forbes Expedition

The Forbes Expedition was a British military expedition led by Brigadier-General John Forbes in 1758, during the latter stages of the French and Indian War.

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Forillon National Park

Forillon National Park, one of 42 national parks and park reserves across Canada, is located at the outer tip of the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec and covers.

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Forked tongue

A forked tongue is a tongue split into two distinct tines at the tip; this is a feature common to many species of reptiles.

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Former colonies and territories in Canada

A number of states and polities formerly claimed colonies and territories in Canada prior to the evolution of the current provinces and territories under the federal system.

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Fort Astoria

Fort Astoria (also named Fort George) was the primary fur trading post of John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company (PFC).

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Fort Bosley

Fort Bosley was a fort fortified in 1777 in the Susquehanna Valley frontier to protect settlers.

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Fort Chambly

Fort Chambly is a historic fort in La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, Quebec.

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Fort Christanna

Fort Christanna was one of the projects of Lt.

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Fort Crevecoeur

Fort Crevecoeur (French: Fort Crèvecœur) was the first public building erected by white men within the boundaries of the modern state of Illinois and the first fort built in the West by the French.

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Fort Crevier

Fort Crevier is a French fort built near the Saint-François River in Quebec.

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Fort de la Montagne

The Fort de la Montagne (also called Fort des Messieurs or Fort Belmont) was an old fortification, the remaining structures of which are located on Sherbrooke Street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Fort de La Présentation

The Fort de La Présentation ("Fort of the Presentation"), a mission fort, was built in 1749 and so named by the French Sulpician priest, Abbé Picquet.

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Fort Denonville

Fort Denonville was a French fort built in 1687 at the current site of Fort Niagara.

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Fort Erie, Ontario

Fort Erie is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada.

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Fort Frontenac

Fort Frontenac was a French trading post and military fort built in 1673 at the mouth of the Cataraqui River where the St. Lawrence River leaves Lake Ontario (at what is now the western end of the La Salle Causeway), in a location traditionally known as Cataraqui.

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Fort Hunter, New York

Fort Hunter is a hamlet in the Town of Florida in Montgomery County, New York, west of the capital at Albany, on the south bank of the Mohawk River and on the northeast bank of Schoharie Creek.

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Fort Lévis

Fort Lévis, a fortification on the St. Lawrence River, was built in 1759 by the French.

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Fort Neoheroka

Fort Neoheroka (or just Neoheroka, Neyuherú·kęʼ in Tuscarora), or Nooherooka, is the name of a stronghold constructed in what is now Greene County, North Carolina by the Tuscarora tribe during the Tuscarora War of 1711–1715.

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Fort Nez Percés

Fort Nez Percés (or Fort Nez Percé, with or without the accent), later known as (Old) Fort Walla Walla, was a fortified fur trading post on the Columbia River on the territory of modern-day Wallula, Washington.

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Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)

Fort Pitt was a fort built by British colonists during the Seven Years' War at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, where the Ohio River is formed in western Pennsylvania (modern day Pittsburgh).

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Fort Pointe-aux-Trembles

Fort Pointe-aux-Trembles was a French fort built during the 17th century in New France.

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Fort Randolph (West Virginia)

Fort Randolph was an American Revolutionary War fort which stood at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers, on the site of present day Point Pleasant, West Virginia, USA.

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Fort Richelieu

Fort Richelieu is a historic fort in the Canadian La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, Quebec.

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Fort Saint-Jean (Quebec)

Fort Saint-Jean is a fort in the Canadian province of Quebec located on the Richelieu River.

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Fort Sainte Anne (Vermont)

In 1666, the French built a fort, on Isle La Motte, to protect Canada from the Iroquois.

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Fort Sainte Thérèse

Fort Sainte Thérèse is the name given to three different forts built successively on one site, among a series of fortifications constructed during the 17th century by France along the Richelieu River, in the province of Quebec, in Montérégie.

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Fort Senneville

Fort Senneville is one of the outlying forts of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, built by the Canadiens of New France near the Sainte-Anne rapids in 1671.

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Fort St. Joseph (Port Huron)

Fort St.

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Fort Stanwix

Fort Stanwix was a colonial fort whose construction commenced on August 26, 1758, under the direction of British General John Stanwix, at the location of present-day Rome, New York, but was not completed until about 1762.

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Fort Témiscamingue

Fort Témiscamingue was a trading post from the 17th century in Duhamel-Ouest, Quebec, near Ville-Marie, Canada, located on the fur trade route on the east shore of Lake Timiskaming.

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Fort Ticonderoga

Fort Ticonderoga, formerly Fort Carillon, is a large 18th-century star fort built by the French at a narrows near the south end of Lake Champlain, in northern New York, in the United States.

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Fort Trois-Rivières

Fort Trois-Rivières (Fort des Trois-Rivières) was a 17th-century wooden fort in New France.

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Fort Vancouver

Fort Vancouver was a 19th-century fur trading post that was the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company's Columbia Department, located in the Pacific Northwest.

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Fort Ville-Marie

Fort Ville-Marie was a French fortress outpost in North America.

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Founders Cup

The Founders' Cup is the championship trophy of Canada's Junior "B" lacrosse leagues.

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Four Mohawk Kings

The Four Indian Kings or Four Kings of the New World were three Mohawk chiefs from one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy and a Mahican of the Algonquian peoples, whose portraits were painted by Jan Verelst in London to commemorate their travel from New York in 1710 to meet the Queen of Great Britain.

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François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (missionary)

François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon (1641–1679) was a Sulpician missionary in New France.

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François Picquet

François Picquet (4 December 1708 – 15 July 1781) was a French Sulpician priest who emigrated to Montreal, Canada, in 1734.

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François Vaillant de Gueslis

François Vaillant de Gueslis (20 July 1646 – 24 September 1718) was a Jesuit missionary, born in Orléans.

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François-Marie Picoté de Belestre

François-Marie Picoté, sieur de Belestre II (17 November 1716 – 30 March 1793) was a colonial soldier for both New France and Great Britain.

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Francis Hopkinson

Francis Hopkinson (September 21, 1737 – May 9, 1791) designed the first official American flag, Continental paper money, and the first U.S. coin.

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Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham

Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham (c. 1643 – 30 March 1694 O.S./95 N.S.)Birth year is estimated from baptism record.

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Francis Nicholson

Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Nicholson (12 November 1655 –) was a British Army general and colonial official who served as the Governor of South Carolina from 1721 to 1725.

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Frank Lascelles (pageant master)

Frank William Thomas Charles Lascelles (30 July 1875 – 23 May 1934) was a British pageant master and artist, known as the "man who staged the Empire."Oxfordshire Blue Plaque Scheme, 'Frank Lascelles' http://www.oxfordshireblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/lascelles.html.

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Frank Mount Pleasant

Franklin Pierce Mount Pleasant Jr. (June 13, 1884 – April 12, 1937) was an American football player, track and field athlete, and coach of football, basketball, and baseball.

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Frank Prewett

Frank James Prewett (February 24, 1893 - February 16, 1962) was a Canadian poet, who spent most of his life in the United Kingdom.

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Frank Speck

Frank Gouldsmith Speck (November 8, 1881 – February 6, 1950) was an American anthropologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania, specializing in the Algonquian and Iroquoian peoples among the Eastern Woodland Native Americans of the United States and First Nations peoples of eastern boreal Canada.

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Franklin County, New York

Franklin County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of New York.

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Franks Site

The Franks Site is a large archaeological site in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Frederick Alexcee

Frederick Alexcee (1853 – 1940s) was a Tsimshian carver and painter from the community of Lax Kw'alaams (Port Simpson, a.k.a. Fort Simpson), British Columbia, Canada.

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Frederick Haldimand

Sir Frederick Haldimand, KB (August 11, 1718 – June 5, 1791) was a military officer best known for his service in the British Army in North America during the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War.

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Frederick, Maryland

Frederick is a city in, and the county seat of, Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Fredonia, New York

Fredonia is a village in Chautauqua County, New York, United States.

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French and Indian War

The French and Indian War (1754–63) comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63.

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French and Indian Wars

The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763 and were related to the European dynastic wars.

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French colonization of the Americas

The French colonization of the Americas began in the 16th century, and continued on into the following centuries as France established a colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere.

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French in Syracuse, New York

The first Europeans to arrive in the region around Syracuse, New York were the French.

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French Marines in Canada, 1683-1715

French Marines in Canada, 1683-1715 considers the Troupes de la marine in Canada, but not in other parts of New France, such as Acadia, Plaisance, and Île-Royale, during the period 1683-1715.

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Frogmore, Ontario

Frogmore, Ontario is a hamlet that is located northwest of Valley Heights Secondary School.

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Front Royal, Virginia

Front Royal is a town in Warren County, Virginia, United States.

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Gabriel Lalemant

Saint Gabriel Lalemant (October 3, 1610, Paris, France – March 17, 1649, Saint Ignace, Ontario) was a Jesuit missionary in New France beginning in 1646.

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Galley slave

A galley slave is a slave rowing in a galley, either a convicted criminal sentenced to work at the oar (French: galérien), or a kind of human chattel, often a prisoner of war, assigned to his duty of rowing.

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Gallitzin, Pennsylvania

Gallitzin is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

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Ganargua Creek

Ganargua Creek, also known as Mud Creek, is a main tributary which feeds the Erie Canal and Clyde River in Wayne County, New York, United States.

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Ganienkeh

Ganienkeh (meaning Land of the Flint Mohawk), is a Mohawk community located on about near Altona, New York in the far northeast corner of Upper New York State.

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Ganneious

Ganneious is former Iroquois village, settled by the Oneida, located on the North Shore of Lake Ontario near the present site of Napanee, Ontario, Canada.: Ganneious was settled temporarily as part of a mid 17th century push by the Iroquois Confederacy north, from their traditional homeland in New York state.

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Ganoga Lake

Ganoga Lake is a natural lake in Colley Township in southeastern Sullivan County in Pennsylvania, United States.

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Ganondagan State Historic Site

Ganondagan State Historic Site, (pronounced ga·NON·da·gan) also known as Boughton Hill, is a Native American historic site in Ontario County, New York in the United States.

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Gansevoort, New York

Gansevoort is a hamlet in the town of Northumberland in Saratoga County, New York, United States.

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Gaps of the Allegheny

The gaps of the Allegheny, meaning gaps in the Allegheny Ridge (now given the technical name Allegheny Front) in west-central Pennsylvania, is a series of escarpment eroding water gaps (notches or small valleys) along the saddle between two higher barrier ridgelines in the eastern face atop the Allegheny Ridge or Allegheny Front escarpment.

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Gary Farmer

Gary Dale Farmer (born June 12, 1953) is a Canadian First Nations actor and musician.

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Genesee County Courthouse

The Genesee County Courthouse is located at the intersection of Main (New York state routes 5 and 33) and Ellicott (NY 63) streets in Batavia, New York, United States.

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Genesee County Courthouse Historic District

The Genesee County Courthouse Historic District is located at the junction of Main, West Main and Ellicott streets (New York state routes 5, 33 and 63) in downtown Batavia, New York, United States.

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Genesee County, New York

Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York.

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Genesee River

The Genesee River is a tributary of Lake Ontario flowing northward through the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York in the United States.

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Geneseo, New York

Geneseo is a town in Livingston County in the Finger Lakes region of New York, United States on the far south end of the five-county Rochester Metropolitan Area.

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Geography of Ontario

Ontario is located in East/Central Canada.

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George Cabell (physician)

Dr.

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George Geddes (engineer)

George Geddes (February 14, 1809 Fairmount, Onondaga County, New York – October 7, 1883 Fairmount, NY) was an American engineer, agronomist, historian and politician from New York.

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George Henry Martin Johnson

George Henry Martin Johnson (Onwanonsyshon) (October 7, 1816 – February 19, 1884) was a member of the Wolf clan and selected as a hereditary chief of the Mohawk of the Six Nations in Canada; he also served as an official interpreter and informal diplomat between the Mohawk and Canadian governments.

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George O'Connor (comics)

George O'Connor (born November 5, 1973) is an American-born author, cartoonist and illustrator living in Brooklyn.

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George Washington

George Washington (February 22, 1732 –, 1799), known as the "Father of His Country," was an American soldier and statesman who served from 1789 to 1797 as the first President of the United States.

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George Washington in the American Revolution

George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).

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George Washington in the French and Indian War

George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797.

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Georges de Brébeuf

Georges de Brébeuf (1618 – 1661) was a French poet and translator best known for his verse translation of Lucan's Pharsalia (1654) which was warmly received by Pierre Corneille, but which was ridiculed by Nicolas Boileau in his Art poétique.

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Georgetown, Ontario

Georgetown is a community in the town of Halton Hills, Ontario, Canada and is part of the Regional Municipality of Halton.

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Georgian Bay

Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, located entirely within Ontario, Canada.

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Geosternbergia

Geosternbergia is an extinct pteranodontid reptile from the Late Cretaceous geological period of North America.

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German Battalion

The German Battalion or German Regiment or 8th Maryland was an American infantry unit that served for about four and one-half years in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

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German Flatts, New York

German Flatts is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States.

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German Palatines

The German Palatines were early 18th century emigrants from the Middle Rhine region of the Holy Roman Empire, including a minority from the Palatinate which gave its name to the entire group.

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Germanisation

Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is the spread of the German language, people and culture or policies which introduced these changes.

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Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions

After partitioning Poland in the end of 18th century, the Kingdom of Prussia and later German Empire imposed a number of Germanisation policies and measures in the newly gained territories, aimed at limiting the Polish ethnic presence in these areas.

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Germans in Syracuse, New York

A German mission was established in Onondaga County, New York in 1750, by Moravian missionaries from Pennsylvania, however, most of the earliest Germans to arrive in the area did not remain for very long.

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Gertrude of Wyoming

Gertrude of Wyoming; A Pennsylvanian Tale (1809) is a romantic epic in Spenserian stanza composed by Scottish poet Thomas Campbell (1777-1844).

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Gertrude Prokosch Kurath

Gertrude Prokosch Kurath (1903–1992) was an American dancer, researcher, author, and ethnomusicologist.

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Ghost of Queen Esther

Queen Esther (EH-stur) of Pennsylvania was a Native American woman belonging to the Iroquois in the mid-1700s.

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Gideon Hawley

Gideon Hawley (1727–1807) was a missionary to the Iroquois Indians in Massachusetts and on the Susquehanna River in New York.

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Give Us Our Skeletons

Give Us Our Skeletons! (Antakaa Meille Luurankomme in Finnish, Oaivveskaldjut in North Sami) is a 1999 documentary film directed by Paul-Anders Simma about Niillas Somby, a Sami man who retraces his family ancestry as he searches for the head of his ancestor, Mons Somby.

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Glen Meyer, Ontario

Glen Meyer is an unincorporated community in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada, southeast of Tillsonburg.

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Gnadenhutten massacre

The Gnadenhutten massacre, also known as the Moravian massacre, was the killing of 96 Christian Lenape (Delaware) by colonial American militia from Pennsylvania on March 8, 1782 at the Moravian missionary village of Gnadenhutten, Ohio during the American Revolutionary War.

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Goiogouen

Goiogouen (also spelled Gayagaanhe and known as Cayuga Castle), was a major village of the Cayuga nation of Iroquois Indians in west-central New York State.

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Governor Blacksnake

Tah-won-ne-ahs or Thaonawyuthe (born between 1737 and 1760, died 1859), known in English as either Governor Blacksnake or Chainbreaker, was a Seneca war chief and leader.

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Gowanda, New York

Gowanda is a village in western New York in the United States.

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Graham Lintott

Air Vice Marshal Graham Brian Lintott, (born 29 March 1955) is a retired senior commander in the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) and former Chief of Air Force.

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Grand Island, New York

Grand Island is a town located in Erie County, New York, United States.

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Grand River (Ontario)

The Grand River (Grande-Riviere in French and O:se Kenhionhata:tie in Mohawk) is a large river in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.

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Grand River land dispute

The Grand River land dispute, also known as the Caledonia land dispute, came to wide attention in Canada in 2006 when the Six Nations formally reactivated the 1995 litigation against Canada and Ontario.

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Grand Teton

Grand Teton is the highest mountain in Grand Teton National Park, in Northwest Wyoming, and a classic destination in American mountaineering.

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Grand Teton National Park

Grand Teton National Park is an American national park in northwestern Wyoming.

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Grand Village of the Illinois

The Grand Village of the Illinois, also called Old Kaskaskia Village, is a site significant for being the best documented historic Native American village in the Illinois River valley.

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Grande Prairie

Grande Prairie is a city in northwest Alberta, Canada within the southern portion of an area known as Peace River Country.

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Gray Lock

Wawanotewat (v. Wawanolet, Wawanolewat), more famously known by his English 'nom de guerre' of Gray Lock (v. Greylock, Chief Gray Lock, etc.), was a Western Abenaki warrior chieftain of Woronoco/Pocumtuck ancestry who came to lead the Missisquoi Abenaki band, and whose direct descendants have led the Missisquoi Abenaki until the current day.

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Great Father and Great Mother

Great Father and Great Mother were titles used by colonial powers in North America during the 19th century to refer to the President of the United States, the Monarch of Canada, the King of Spain, or the King of France during interactions with indigenous peoples.

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Great horned owl

The great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), also known as the tiger owl (originally derived from early naturalists' description as the "winged tiger" or "tiger of the air") or the hoot owl,Austing, G.R. & Holt, Jr., J.B. (1966).

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Great Indian Warpath

The Great Indian Warpath (GIW)—also known as the Great Indian War and Trading Path, or the Seneca Trail—was that part of the network of trails in eastern North America developed and used by Native Americans which ran through the Great Appalachian Valley.

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Great Lakes region

The Great Lakes region of North America is a bi-national Canada-American region that includes portions of the eight U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin as well as the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Great Law of Peace

Among the Haudenosaunee (the "Six Nations," comprising the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora peoples) the Great Law of Peace is the oral constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy.

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Great Minquas Path

Great Minquas Path (or The Great Trail) was a 17th-century trade route that ran through southeastern Pennsylvania from the Susquehanna River, near Conestoga, to the Schuylkill River, opposite Philadelphia.

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Great Peace of Montreal

The Great Peace of Montreal (La Grande paix de Montréal) was a peace treaty between New France and 39 First Nations of North America.

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Great Peacemaker

The Great Peacemaker (Skennenrahawi in Mohawk), sometimes referred to as Deganawida or Dekanawida (as a mark of respect, some Iroquois avoid using his personal name except in special circumstances) was by tradition, along with Jigonhsasee and Hiawatha, the founder of the Haudenosaunee, commonly called the Iroquois Confederacy.

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Great Trail

The Great Trail (also called the Great Path) was a network of footpaths created by Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking indigenous peoples prior to the arrival of European colonists in North America.

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Great Valley, New York

Great Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States.

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Great Wagon Road

The Great Wagon Road was an improved trail through the Great Appalachian Valley from Pennsylvania to North Carolina, and from there to Georgia in colonial America.

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Greater Napanee

Greater Napanee is a town in Southeastern Ontario, Canada, approximately west of Kingston and the county seat of Lennox and Addington County.

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Greater Toronto Area

No description.

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Greece (town), New York

Greece is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States.

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Green Corn Ceremony

The Green Corn Ceremony (Busk) is an annual ceremony practiced among various Native American peoples associated with the beginning of the yearly corn harvest.

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Green Park, Pennsylvania

Green Park, an incorporated village located in northeastern Tyrone Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania, sits at the intersection of Pennsylvania Route 233 (Green Park Road) and Pennsylvania Route 274 (Shermans Valley Road).

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Greensboro, Pennsylvania

Greensboro is a borough in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Greenwood Furnace State Park

Greenwood Furnace State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Jackson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Grey Owl

Grey Owl was the name British-born Archibald Belaney (September 18, 1888 – April 13, 1938) chose for himself when he took on a fraudulent First Nations identity as an adult.

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Guillaume Couture

Guillaume Couture (January 14, 1618 – April 4, 1701) was a citizen of New France.

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Guillaume Delisle

Guillaume Delisle, also spelled Guillaume de l'Isle, (28 February 1675, Paris – 25 January 1726, Paris) was a French cartographer known for his popular and accurate maps of Europe and the newly explored Americas.

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Guillaume Guillemot

Guillaume Guillemot (d. August 19, 1652) was governor of Trois-Rivières from 1651 to 1652.

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Gunset Hill

Gunset Hill is a mountain located in Central New York Region of New York west of Richfield Springs, New York.

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GURPS Alternate Earths

GURPS Alternate Earths is a GURPS role-playing game supplement for the game's Third Edition, published in 1996.

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GURPS Infinite Worlds

GURPS Infinite Worlds is a supplement for the Fourth Edition of the GURPS role-playing game, published by Steve Jackson Games in 2005 and written by Kenneth Hite, Steve Jackson, and John M. Ford.

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Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester

Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, KB (3 September 1724 – 10 November 1808), known between 1776 and 1786 as Sir Guy Carleton, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and administrator.

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Guy Johnson

Guy Johnson (c.1740 – 5 March 1788) was an Irish-born military officer and diplomat for the Crown during the American War of Independence.

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Guy Maxwell

Guy Maxwell (Seneca adopted name, Ta-ce-wa.ya.se; 15 July 1770, Ireland - 23 Feb 1814) was an Irish-born American pioneer.

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Guy Park

Guy Park, also known as Guy Park State Historic Site, is a house built in 1774 in the Georgian architectural style for Guy Johnson, the Irish-born nephew and son-in-law to Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, the British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in colonial New York.

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Guyasuta

Guyasuta (c. 1725–c. 1794) was an important leader of the Seneca people in the second half of the eighteenth century, playing a central role in the diplomacy and warfare of that era.

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Haldimand County

Haldimand County is a rural city-status single-tier municipality (but called a county) on the Niagara Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie, and on the Grand River.

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Haldimand Proclamation

The Haldimand Proclamation was a decree that granted land to the Iroquois who had served on the British side during the American Revolution.

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Halifax Treaties

Halifax Treaties were 11 written documents signed by the various bands of the Mi’kmaq and the British in Halifax, Nova Scotia between 1760 and 1761.

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Haliwa-Saponi

The Haliwa-Saponi is a Native American people recognized as a tribe by the state of North Carolina.

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Hallam, Pennsylvania

Hallam is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Hamburg, New York

Hamburg is a town in Erie County, New York, United States.

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Hamilton (village), New York

The Village of Hamilton is a village located within the town of Hamilton in Madison County, New York, United States.

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Hamilton Nationals

The Hamilton Nationals were a Major League Lacrosse (MLL) professional men's field lacrosse team based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

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Hamilton, Ontario

Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Hanay Geiogamah

Hanay Geiogamah (born 1945) is a playwright, television and movie producer, artistic director, and Professor in the School of Theater, Film and Television at the University of California, Los Angeles.

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Handsome Lake

Handsome Lake (Cayuga language: Sganyadái:yo, Seneca language: Sganyodaiyo) (Θkanyatararí•yau• in Tuscarora) (1735 – 10 August 1815) was a Seneca religious leader of the Iroquois people.

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Harold Innis and the fur trade

Harold Adams Innis (November 5, 1894 – November 8, 1952) was a professor of political economy at the University of Toronto and the author of seminal works on Canadian economic history and on media and communication theory.

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Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment

Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment was an American infantry unit of the Continental Army that served for two years during the American Revolutionary War.

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Haudenosaunee women's national lacrosse team

The Haudenosaunee women's national lacrosse team represents the Iroquois Confederacy in international women's lacrosse competitions.

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Haudenosaunee women's national under-19 lacrosse team

The Haudenosaunee women's national under-19 lacrosse team represents the Iroquois Confederacy in international women's lacrosse competitions.

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Hawk (TV series)

Hawk is a crime drama series starring Burt Reynolds, which aired on ABC from September 8, 1966 to December 29, 1966.

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Haymarket, Virginia

Haymarket is a town in Prince William County, Virginia, United States.

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Hôtel-Dieu de Québec

The Hotel-Dieu de Québec is a teaching hospital located in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada and affiliated with Université Laval's medical school.

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Heath hen

The heath hen (Tympanuchus cupido cupido) was a distinctive subspecies of the greater prairie chicken, Tympanuchus cupido, a large North American bird in the grouse family, or possibly a distinct species, that became extinct in 1932.

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Hector, New York

Hector is a town in the northeastern corner of Schuyler County, New York, United States.

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Henderson, New York

Henderson is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States.

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Hendrick Tejonihokarawa

Hendrick Tejonihokarawa(Tay yon’ a ho ga rau’ a), also known as Tee Yee Neen Ho Ga Row and Hendrick Peters (1660 &ndash) was a pro-English leader of the Mohawk in the Province of New York in the early eighteenth century.

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Hendrick Theyanoguin

Hendrick Theyanoguin (c. 1691 – September 8, 1755), whose name had several spelling variations, was an important Mohawk leader and member of the Bear Clan; he resided at Canajoharie or the Upper Mohawk Castle in colonial New York.

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Henri de Tonti

Henri de Tonti (1649/50 – August 1704) was an Italian soldier, explorer, and fur trader in the service of France.

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Henri Marchand (sculptor)

Henri Marchand (1887–1960) was a French-American sculptor known for his detailed museum dioramas.

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Henry B. Carrington

Henry Beebee Carrington (March 2, 1824 – October 26, 1912) was a lawyer, professor, prolific author, and an officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and in the Old West during Red Cloud's War.

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Henry Dearborn

Henry Dearborn (February 23, 1751 – June 6, 1829) was an American soldier and statesman.

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Henry Lorne Masta

Henry Lorne Masta (born March 9, 1853) was an Abenaki writer, teacher, and scholar of the Abenaki language.

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Henry of Pelham Winery

Henry of Pelham Family Estate Winery is an Ontario winery that released their first vintage in 1988.

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Henry Youle Hind

Henry Youle Hind (1 June 1823 – 8 August 1908) was a Canadian geologist and explorer.

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Heritage Minutes

Heritage Minutes, formerly known as Historica Minutes: History by the Minute, is a series of sixty-second short films, each illustrating an important moment in Canadian history.

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Herkimer (village), New York

Herkimer is a village on the north side of the Mohawk River and the county seat of Herkimer County, New York, United States, about southeast of Utica.

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Herkimer County, New York

Herkimer County is a county in the U.S. state of New York.

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Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate (anthropologist)

Herman F.C. ten Kate, the younger (7 February 1858 – 3 February 1931) was a Dutch anthropologist.

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Hiawatha

Hiawatha (also known as Ayenwatha, Aiionwatha, or Haiëñ'wa'tha in Onondaga) was a pre-colonial Native American leader and co-founder of the Iroquois Confederacy.

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Hiawatha (1913 film)

Hiawatha is a 1913 American silent drama film directed by Edgar Lewis and based upon Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's epic poem The Song of Hiawatha (1855).

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Hiawatha (riverboat)

The Hiawatha is an American paddlewheel river boat.

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Hiawatha and Minnehaha

Hiawatha and Minnehaha is a sculpture by Jacob Fjelde that has stood in Minnehaha Park in Minneapolis since the early twentieth century.

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Hiawatha National Forest

Hiawatha National Forest is a National Forest in the Upper Peninsula of the state of Michigan in the United States.

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Hillcrest, Norfolk County, Ontario

Hillcrest is a hamlet in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada that is in between Bill's Corners and the town of Simcoe.

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History of Albany, New York

The history of Albany, New York, begins with the first interaction of Europeans with the native Indian tribes who had long inhabited the area.

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History of Albany, New York (1664–1784)

The history of Albany, New York from 1664 to 1784 begins with the English takeover of New Netherland and ends with the ratification of the Treaty of Paris by the Congress of the Confederation in 1784, ending the Revolutionary War.

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History of Albany, New York (prehistory–1664)

The history of Albany, New York prior to 1664 begins with the native inhabitants of the area and ends in 1664, with the English takeover of New Netherland.

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History of alcoholic drinks

Purposeful production of alcoholic drinks is common and often reflects cultural and religious peculiarities as much as geographical and sociological conditions.

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History of anthropology

History of anthropology in this article refers primarily to the 18th- and 19th-century precursors of modern anthropology.

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History of Buffalo, New York

Buffalo is the county seat of Erie County, and the second most populous city in the U.S. state of New York, after New York City.

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History of Canada

The history of Canada covers the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day.

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History of Chicago

The history of Chicago, Illinois, has played a central role in American economic, cultural and political history and since the 1850s has been one of the most dominant Midwest metropolises.

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History of cities in Canada

Canada's cities span the continent of North America from east to west, with many major cities located relatively close to the border with the United States.

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History of democracy

A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution or organization or a country, in which all members have an equal share of power.

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History of Detroit

The city of Detroit, the largest city in the state of Michigan, was settled in 1701 by French colonists.

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History of Erie, Pennsylvania

Erie, Pennsylvania, has had a long history as a major city in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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History of Falls Church

This article is about the history of Falls Church, an independent city in Virginia, USA, in the Washington Metropolitan Area.

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History of immigration to Canada

The history of immigration to Canada extends back thousands of years.

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History of Indiana

The history of human activity in Indiana, a U.S. state in the Midwest, began with migratory tribes of Native Americans who inhabited Indiana as early as 8000 BC.

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History of Kentucky

The prehistory and history of Kentucky spans thousands of years, and has been influenced by the state's diverse geography and central location.

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History of lacrosse

Lacrosse has its origins in a tribal game played by eastern Woodlands Native Americans and by some Plains Indians tribes in what is now the United States of America and Canada.

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History of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania

This article details a history of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania.

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History of monarchy in Canada

The history of monarchy in Canada stretches from pre-colonial times through to the present day.

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History of Montana

This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States.

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History of Montreal

The history of Montreal, located in Quebec, Canada, spans about 8,000 years.

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History of Native Americans in the United States

The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians.

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History of New York (state)

The history of New York begins around 10,000 BC, when the first people arrived.

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History of Ontario

The History of Ontario covers the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day.

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History of Ottawa

The History of Ottawa, capital of Canada, was shaped by events such as the construction of the Rideau Canal, the lumber industry, the choice of Ottawa as the location of Canada's capital, as well as American and European influences and interactions.

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History of Pennsylvania

The History of Pennsylvania begins in 1681 when William Penn received a royal charter from King Charles II of England, although human activity in the region precedes that date.

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History of Philadelphia

The written history of Philadelphia begins on October 27, 1682, when the city was founded by William Penn in the English Crown Province of Pennsylvania between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers.

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History of Pittsburgh

The history of Pittsburgh began with centuries of Native American civilization in the modern Pittsburgh region, known as "Dionde:gâ'" in the Seneca language.' Eventually French and British explorers encountered the strategic confluence where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio, which leads to the Mississippi River.

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History of Plymouth, Pennsylvania

Plymouth, Pennsylvania sits on the west side of Pennsylvania's Wyoming Valley, wedged between the Susquehanna River and the Shawnee Mountain range.

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History of political thought

The history of political thought dates back to antiquity while the political history of the world and thus the history of political thinking by man stretches up through the Medieval period and the Renaissance.

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History of Presque Isle

The History of Presque Isle Pennsylvania began when Presque Isle was created by the wave action of Lake Erie over the course of the 11,000 years that have passed since the last ice age.

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History of Quebec

Quebec has played a special role in French history; the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada (New France) in the 17th and 18th centuries.

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History of Quebec City

Quebec City, capital of the province of Quebec, Canada, is one of the oldest European settlements in North America.

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History of Richmond Hill, Ontario

The history of Richmond Hill began when the First Nations came and settled in the area.

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History of road transport

The history of road transport started with the development of tracks by humans and their beasts of burden.

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History of smallpox

The history of smallpox extends into pre-history; the disease likely emerged in human populations about 10,000 BC.

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History of Sussex County, New Jersey

The history of Sussex County, New Jersey spans over 13,000 years from the time Paleo Indians arrived after the Wisconsin glacier melted to the present day, and the entire width of the American experience.

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History of Syracuse, New York

Syracuse is a city in Central New York sited on the former lands of the Onondaga Nation.

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History of the Americas

The prehistory of the Americas (North, South, and Central America, and the Caribbean) begins with people migrating to these areas from Asia during the height of an Ice Age.

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History of the Cherokee language

This article is a detailed History of the Cherokee Language, the Native American Indian Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people.

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History of the Hudson River

The Hudson River is a river in New York.

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History of the United States

The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC.

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History of Toronto

The history of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, begins several millennia ago.

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History of Vermont

The geologic history of Vermont begins more than a million years ago during the Cambrian and Devonian periods.

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History of West Virginia

West Virginia is one of two American states formed during the American Civil War (1861–1865), along with Nevada, and is the only state to form by seceding from a Confederate state.

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HMCS Iroquois (DDG 280)

HMCS Iroquois was the lead ship of the s of the Royal Canadian Navy, also known as the Tribal class or the 280 class.

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HMCS Iroquois (G89)

HMCS Iroquois was a destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War and Korean War.

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Ho-Chunk

The Ho-Chunk, also known as Hoocąągra or Winnebago, are a Siouan-speaking Native American people whose historic territory includes parts of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois.

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Hochelaga (village)

Hochelaga was a St. Lawrence Iroquoian 16th century fortified village on or near Mount Royal in present-day Montréal, Québec, Canada.

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Hochelaga, Land of Souls

Hochelaga, Land of Souls (Hochelaga, Terre des âmes) is a 2017 Canadian historical drama film directed and written by François Girard and starring Gilles Renaud, Samian and Tanaya Beatty.

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Hochelaga-Maisonneuve

Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is a district of Montreal, Quebec, situated on the eastern half of the island, generally to the south and southwest of the city's Olympic Stadium.

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Holland Land Office

The Holland Land Office building is located on West Main Street (New York state routes 5, 33 and 63) in downtown Batavia, New York, United States.

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Hollow Earth

The Hollow Earth is a historical concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space.

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Holly Springs, North Carolina

Holly Springs is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States.

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Hon Yost Schuyler

Johannes Justus (Hon Yost) Schuyler (January 1, 1744 – 1810) was a Tory with patriot roots, who was used by American General Benedict Arnold to repel the British and Indian forces of Colonel Barry St. Leger and Joseph Brant from their siege of Fort Stanwix following the Battle of Oriskany during the American Revolution.

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Honeoye, New York

Honeoye is a hamlet in the Town of Richmond, in Ontario County, New York, United States.

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Honguedo Strait

The Honguedo Strait (French: Détroit d'Honguedo) is a strait in eastern Quebec, Canada, flowing between Anticosti Island and the Gaspé Peninsula.

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Hope Plantation

Hope Plantation, built in 1803, is an early house built in the Palladian mode of the federal style, located on the Carolina Coastal Plain, near Windsor, North Carolina, in the United States.

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Hope, New York

Hope is a town in Hamilton County, New York, United States.

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Horatio Hale

Horatio Emmons Hale (May 3, 1817 – December 28, 1896) was an American-Canadian ethnologist, philologist and businessman who studied language as a key for classifying ancient peoples and being able to trace their migrations.

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Horatio Jones (1763–1836)

Horatio Jones (1763–1836) was a soldier in the American Revolution and an early settler in the Genesee Valley of Western New York.

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Horseheads (village), New York

Horseheads is a village in Chemung County, New York, United States.

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Horseheads, New York

Horseheads is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States.

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Howe Island

Howe Island is an island located in the St. Lawrence River east of Kingston in Frontenac County, Ontario, Canada.

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Hudson River

The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States.

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Hudson Valley

The Hudson Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York, from the cities of Albany and Troy southward to Yonkers in Westchester County.

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Human cannibalism

Human cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings.

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Human sacrifice

Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual.

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Hummelstown, Pennsylvania

Hummelstown is a borough in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Huron County, Michigan

Huron County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Huron National Forest

The Huron National Forest is a National Forest in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.

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Ichabod Alden

Ichabod Alden (August 11, 1739 – November 11, 1778) was an American Revolutionary War officer and commanding officer during the Cherry Valley Massacre.

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Ilium (Kurt Vonnegut)

Ilium is a fictitious town in eastern New York state, used as a setting for many of Kurt Vonnegut's novels.

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Illinois Confederation