1400 St. Veronica (Master of St. Veronica)
Balamitra and his Wife (Jain Painting)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Richard II murdered (or starved) in captivity at Pontefract Castle (2/17)
--------------------------------------------------------
Owen Glendower proclaims himself Prince of Wales and begins rebellion
Holy Roman Emperor Wenceslaus IV is deposed for drunkenness
Aztec empire (-1519)
Codex Faenza (aka Bonadies) compiled (1400-1420)
Wenceslaus Luxemburg - (Holy Roman Empire) (1378-) Emperor (deposed)
Rupert + (Holy Roman Empire) (-1410) (Wittelsbach)
Alexander the Good + (Moldavia) Prince
Binchois, Gilles 1400-1460 Musician
della Robbia, Lucca 1400-1482 Sculptor
Dufay, Guillaume 1400-1474 Composer
Chaucer, Geoffrey 1340-1400
1401 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Kazan founded
Tamerlane conquers Damascus and Baghdad
Masaccio 1401-1428
Nicolas of Cusa 1401-1464
Sforza, Francesco I 1401-1466 Duke/Condottieri (Milan)
1402 Tres Belles Heures du doc de Berry (Jacquemart de Hesdin)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Kangnido Map (Korea from Chinese source material)
Juan de Bethencourt sets sail from La Rochelle with 53 men to Canary Islands (5/1)
-------------------------------------------------------
Henry IV enters Wales in pursuit of Glendower
Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan dies
Tamerlane defeats Bajazet I Yilderim - takes most of Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Interregnum - Bajazet's sons Suleiman and Musa vie for throne (-1413)
Malacca founded
Spanish conquest of the Canary Islands begins - expedition of Juan de Bethencourt & Gadifer de la Salle
Gian Galeazzo
Visconti
-
(Milan)
(1385-1402)
Duke
Bayezid - (Ottoman Empire) Sultan (Bajazet) (Lightning)
Huizong - (Ming China) (1399-1402) 2nd of Ming Dynasty (Jianwen Era)
1403 The Niederwildungen Altarpiece (Konrad von Soest) (-1404)
Annunciation - from the first Baptistry Doors (Lorenzo Ghiberti) (-1424)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Battle of Shrewsbury - Percy family rebels - Henry IV defeats and kills Harry "Hotspur" Percy (7/21)
Chengzu + (Ming China) (1402-1425) 3rd of Ming Dynasty (Yongle Era)
Charles VII + (France) 1403-1461 King of France
Nezahualcoyotl 1403-1473
1404 Church Treasury (Altotting)
Concerning Liberal Studies (Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Owain Glyndwr of Wales declares himself Prince of Wales - allies with French against Henry Bolingbroke (6/14)
Pope Innocent VII succeeds Boniface IX (10/17)
Albert IV - (Austria) Duke House of Albert
Albert V + (Austria) Duke House of Albert
Ladislas of Durazzo + (Naples) (1404-1414) King
Boniface IX - Rome
Innocent VII + Rome
Alberti, Leon Battista 1404-1472
Daret, Jacques 1404-1470
Froissart, Jean 1337-1404
1405 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Timurlane dies (2/15)
--------------------------------------------------------
French soldiers land in Wales to support Glendower with initial success
Duchy of Burgundy (1405-1477)
Voyages of Cheng Ho (Zheng He) - sails from Southeast Asia along Indian coasts to Ethiopia (-1433)
Margaret - (Flanders) Countess
Philip the Bold - (Flanders) Count (from Burgundy/ Son of John II France)
Tamerlane 1336-1405 Conqueror (Kesh , near Samarkand)
1406 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
English capture James I of Scotland (1406-1423)
Henry - Prince of Wales - defeats Welsh
Venice conquers Padua
Robert III - (Scotland) King
James I + (Scotland) King
Henry III - (Castile)
John II + (Castile)
William - (Austria) Duke House of Leopold
Ernst + (Austria) Duke House of Leopold
Innocent VII - Rome
Gregory XII + Rome
Lippi, Filippo 1406-1469
Khaldun, Ibn -1406 Historian (Arab)
Salutati, Coluccio 1331-1406
1407 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Louis duc d'Orleans is assassinated - precipitates civil war between Armagnacs and Burgundians (11/23)
1408 Last Judgement (Andrei Rublev)
Yongle's Encyclopedia is completed (1403-1408)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Gotland passses under Danish rule
Order of the Dragon is created by Sigismund to protect the royal household
Mahommed VI - (Granada)
Youcef III + (Granada)
Malory, Sir Thomas 1408-1471 Writer (England)
1409 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Council of Pisa - called to
resolve the Great Schism - declares the rival popes deposed and elects
a third - John XXIII
Alexander V (antipope) + Pisa
1410 Madonna and Child and Saints (Don Lorenzo Monaco)
Old testament Trinity (Andrei Rublev) (-1420)
Crucifix (Brunelleschi)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Battle of Tannenberg - Ladislaus of Poland defeats the Teutonic League (7/15)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Black Sheep Tukomans take Baghdad
Rupert - (Holy Roman Empire) (1400-) (Wittelsbach)
Sigisimund + (Holy Roman Empire) (-1437) Emperor (Luxemburg)
Martin I + (Aragon) the Humane
Alexander V (antipope) - Pisa
John XXIII (antipope)
+
Pisa
(Baldassarre Cossa) 5/24
Ockeghem, Johannes 1410-1497
Theophanes 1330-1410
1411 St. Mark (Donatello)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Peace of Torun of 1411 - ends Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (2/1)
Leopold IV - (Austria) Duke House of Leopold
1412 Scene from the Sta Clara Altarpiece (Borrassa) (-1415)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Medici family are made official bankers of the papacy (1/16)
Go-Komatsu abdicates as Emperor of Japan - Emperor Shoko succeeds (10/5)
Margrethe I - (Denmark)
Eric VII + (Denmark) of Pomerania
Margrethe I - (Norway)
Margrethe - (Sweden) House of Folkung
Ferdinand I + (Aragon)
Go-Komatsu - (Japan) (1392-1412) 100th Emperor
d�Arc, Joan 1412-1431
Ciconia, Johannes 1370-1412 Musician
1413 Les tres riches heures du Duc de berry (Limbourg Brothers) (1413-1416)
Quattro Coronati (Nanni di Banco)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Henry V becomes king of England (3/21)
Henry IV - (England) (1399-1413) King (s. John of Gaunt) (Bolingbroke)
Henry V + (England) (1413-1422) King
Muhammed I + (Ottoman Empire) Sultan
Mahmud Nasir ud din - (Tughlaq Dynasty) Sultan at Delhi
1414 The Virgin of the Assumpion - Porta della Mandorla Nanni di Banco) (1414-1421)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Council of Constance convenes -- called
by John XIII - deposes John - persuades Gregory to resign - Benedict
XIII
isolated (11/16) (1414-1418)
Sayyid (Syed) sultans dynasty begins in India (-1451)
Poggio Bracciolini discovers Quintilian's De institutione oratoria at the monastery of St Galen, Switzerland
Ladislas of Durazzo + (Naples) (1404-1414) King
Gregory XII -
1415 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
John Hus burned at the stake in Konstanz (Constance), Germany (7/6)
Southamptom Plot � attempt to overthrow Henry V is thwarted (7/31-8/11)
Protestatio Bohemorum - Moravian/Bohemian princes send protest letter to Council of Constance (9/2)
Battle of Agincourt - St Crispians Day - Henry V defeats French (10/25)
------------------------------------------------
Henry V invades France and defeats the French at Agincourt
Emperor Sigisimund makes Frederick VI of Hohenzollern regent of Brandenburg
Portugese capture Cueta
Council of Constance
Lorand Lepes + (Transylvania) Prince (Vice-voivode)
John XXIII (antipope) - Pisa (Baldassarre Cossa)
Bouts, Dieric 1415-1475 Painter
Chrysoloras, Manuel 1355-1415
Hus, Jan 1369-1415
1416 The Martyrdom of St. Denis (Henri Bellechose)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Owen Glendower dies
Council of Constance
Ferdinand I - (Aragon)
Alfonso V + (Aragon) the Magnaminous
Francesca, Piero della 1416-1492 Painter (Italy) (1426-)
Squarcialupi, Antonio di Bartolomeo 1416-1480 Musician
Jerome of Prague 1370-1416
1417 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
Great (Western) Schism ends - Martin V elected pope - Council of Constance ends
Council of Constance
Frederick Hohenzollern becomes Frederick I - Elector of Brandenburg - rise of Hohenzollern Dynasty (-1918)
Frederick I + (Brandenburg) Hohenzollern Dynasty (Elector) (-1440)
Martin V + (-1431)
1418 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ...
(1337-1453)
Council of Constance ends (4/22)
Mircea the Old - (Walachia) Prince
1419 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
First Defenestration of Prague - Hussites under Jan Zizka throw burgomeister et al from the windows (7/30)
Bohemia has no effective king at the death of Wenceslaus IV (-1436)
Death of Tsong-kha-pa
Wenceslaus IV - (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty
Sigismund + (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Hungary)
Tsongkhapa 1357-1419 Founder of Geluk Tibetan Buddhism
1420 Guyumars, the First King (Shiraz School - copied for Sultan Shah Rukh)
Work on the Dome of Florence Cathedral begins - design by Brunelleschi (-1436)
Imitatio Christi (Thomas a Kempis)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) + (1420-1434)
Battle of Sudomer - first pitched battle of the Hussite Wars - Hussites under Jan Zizka victorious (3/25)
------------------------------------------------------------
Peace of Troyes - Henry V acknowledged as heir to French throne - marries Charles' VI's daughter Catherine
John Zizka, Hussite military leader expels Emperor Sigismund from Bohemia
Portuguese reach Madiera Islands
Squarcialupi Codex
Old Hall Manuscript
Trent Codices (-1480)
Fouquet, Jean 1420-1481 Painter (France)
D�ailly, Pierre 1350-1420
1421 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
Witowt of Lithuania is elected antiking of Bohemia - sends nephew Sigismund Korybut as vicar
Peking is the capital of Ming China
Battle of Bauge - combines French and Scottish force defeats England
Witowt of Lithuania + (Bohemia) (-1427) elected antiking
Muhammed I - (Ottoman Empire) Sultan
Murad II + (Ottoman Empire) Sultan
1422 Paston Letters (-1509)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
Henry V King of England dies (8/31)
Charles VI King of France dies (10/22)
--------------------------------------------------------
Charles VII Dauphin until 1429
Battle of Kutna Hora - John Zizka, Hussite military leader routs Emperor Sigismund again
Ottomans control Bulgaria (-1877)
Charles VI le Fou - (France) (1380-) King
Charles VII + (France) (-1461) King
Henry V - (England) (1413-) King
Henry VI + (England) (-1461) King
Taj ud din Feroz Shah - (Bahmani Dynasty)
Shahab ud din Ahmad I + (Bahmani Dynasty) Shah (capital at Bidar)
Papal Choir in Rome has ten singers
Littleton, Thomas 1422-1481 Jurist (England)
Montefeltro, Federigo di 1422-1482 Politician (Urbino)
1423 Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano)
Anne of Burgundy kneeling before the VIrgin & Child (Bedford Master)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
The Battle of Horic - Taborites decisively defeat the Taborites (4/27)
Yaduraya - (Mysore) Wodeyar
Chamaraja Wodeyar I + (Mysore) Hiriya Bettada (-1459)
Benedict XIII (antipope) - aka Pedro de Luna
Clement VII (antipope) +
1424 Gates of Paradise (Ghiberti) (-1447)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
Battle of Cravant - John Duke of Bedford regent for Henry VI of England defeats the French
Battle of Verneuil - England defeats Scottish forces
Emperor Yung-lo dies
Ernst - (Austria) Duke House of Leopold
1425 Two Heroines of Antiquity - Fresco, Piedmont (Jacques Iverny)
Annunciation (Campin)
The Madonna in a church (Jan Van Eyck)
The Last Judgement (Master of the Rohan Book of Hours)
Portal of S. Petronio (Jacopo della Quercia) (-1438)
Story of Joseph - from the Gates of Paradise (Lorenzo Ghiberti) (-1452)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY + (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Paradiso degli Alberti (Giovanni da Prato)
Manuel II - (Byzantine Empire)
John VIII + (Byzantine Empire)
Basil I - (Russia) Grand Duke of Moscow
Basil II + (Russia) Grand Duke of Moscow
Youcef III - (Granada)
Mahommed VII + (Granada)
Charles III - (Navarre) the Noble
Blanca and Don John + (Navarre)
Frederick I Wettin (Saxony) Elector
Chengzu - (China) (1403-) 3rd Ming Dynasty (Yongle Era)
Renzong + (China) (-1426) 4th Ming Dynasty (Hongxi Era)
Benedict XIV (antipope) +
White notation in England
1426 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
Renzong - (China) (1425-) 4th Ming Dynasty (Hongxi Era)
Xuanzong + (China) (-1436) 5th Ming Dynasty (Xuande Era)
van Eyck, Hubert 1366-1426 Painter
1427 The Banishment of Adam and Eve (Masaccio) (1426)
The Tribute Money (Masaccio)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Portuguese discover Azores Islands (1432)
Mahommed VII - (Granada)
Mahommed VIII +- (Granada)
Mahommed VII + (Granada) rethroned
Witowt of Lithuania - (Bohemia) (1421-) elected antiking
1428 Merode Altarpiece (Master of Flemalle)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
English begin siege of Orleans
Annam independent
Aztec Triple Alliance forms between Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacop�n
Masaccio 1401-1428
1429 History of Florence (Leonardo Bruni)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Siege of Orleans
Jeanne d'Arc appointed military commander - raises seige of Orleans
Charles VII crowned king of France at Rheims
Giovanni de Medici dies
Clement VII (antipope) -
Gerson, John 1363-1429
1430 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Burgundians capture Jeanne d'Arc and hand her over to the English
Benedict XIV (antipope) -
Bellini, Giovanni 1430-1516
Busnois, Antoine 1430-1492 Composer
Crivelli, Carlo 1430-1495
Tura, Cosme 1430-1495
Pizan, Christine de 1365-1430
Rublev, Andrei 1370-1430 Painter (Russia)
1431 Cardinal Albergati (Jan Van Eyck)
Magdalen Altarpiece (Lucas Moser)
Cantoria (della robbia)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Joan of Arc burned as a witch at Rouen (5/30)
Henry VI of England crowned king of France in Paris
Khmer city of Angkor falls (abandoned)
Mahommed VII - (Granada) rethroned
Ebn Alhamar +- (Granada) *****
Martin V -
Eugene IV +
Mantegna, Andrea 1431-1506
Villon, Francois 1431-1463
d�Arc, Joan 1412-1431
1432 Ghent altarpiece (Van Eycks)
The Battle of San Romano (Paolo Uccello) (1456)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena (6/1)
Alexander the Good - (Moldavia) Prince
Mahommed VII + (Granada) rethroned
Eugene IV ...
1433 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) ... (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Cosimo de Medici imprisoned by the Abizzi family (9/7)
-----------------------------------------------------
Cape Bojador rounded (doubled) by Gil Eannes
John I - (Portugal) House of Aviz
Edward I + (Portugal) House of Aviz
Eugene IV ...
Ficino, Marcilio 1433-1499
1434 Arnolfini Marriage (Van Eyck)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
HUSSITE WARS (BOHEMIAN WARS) - (1420-1434)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Battle of Lipany - Ultraquists defeat Taborites (radical Hussites) - Procopius killed (5/30)
--------------------------------------------------------
Hussite Wars end - moderate Utraquists defeat radical Taborites in Bohemia
Medici rise in Florence (-1494)
First consignment of slaves brought to Lisbon from Africa
Cosimo de Medici + (Florence) ruler
Ladislaus II - (Poland) Jagiellon Dynasty
Ladislaus III of Varna + (Poland) Jagiellon Dynasty
Eugene IV ...
1435 Baptism of Christ (Masolino)
Madonna with Chancellor Rolin (Jan van Eyck)
The Descent from the Cross (Rogier van der Weyden) (1438)
David (Donatello)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Congress of Arras (9)
Treaty of Arras - Charles VII wins Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy as an ally
Treaty of Arras - Philip the Good recognizes Charles VII as king of France - exempted from homage
Treaty of Arras - England refuses to relinquish claim to French throne
French raid by Xantrailles and La Hire
Engelbrekt + (Sweden) House of Folkung (Engelbrektsson) (regent)
Shahab ud din Ahmad I - (Bahmani Dynasty) Shah (capital at Bidar)
Eugene IV ...
(Patrirachate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Memling, Hans 1435-1494 Painter
Tinctoris, Johannes 1435-1511 Music Theorist
Van der Goes, Hugo 1435-1482
Verrocchio, Andrea del 1435-1488
1436 Della Pittura (Alberti)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Florence Cathedral, with dome now complete is consecrated by Pope
Eugene IV (3/25)
first day of
the Florentine calendar
------------------------------------------------------
Compactata - Utraquists return to communion with Roman Catholic Church - Utraquism religion in Bohemia
Hapsburgs and House of Burgundy control Netherlands (Holland) (-1493)
Engelbrekt - (Sweden) House of Folkung (Engelbrektsson) (regent)
Ala ud din Ahmad II + (Bahmani Dynasty) Shah
Xuanzong - (China) (1426-) 5th Ming Dynasty (Xuande Era)
Yingzong + (China) (-1450) 6th Ming Dynasty (Zhengtong Era)
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Nuper rosarum flores Dufay
Muller, Johannes (Regiomantus) 1436-1476
1437 St Barbara (Jan van Eyck)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
James I of Scotland murdered at Perth
James I - (Scotland) King (murdered)
James II + (Scotland) King
Sigisimund (Luxemburg) - (Holy Roman Empire) (1410-) Emperor
Sigismund - (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Hungary)
Albert + (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Austria)
Sigisimund - (Hungary) King
Albert + (Hungary) King
Eugene IV ...
(Patrirachate of Rome)
(1431-1447)
Abravanel, Don Isaac 1437-1508
1438 The annunciation (cortona altarpiece) (Fra Angelico)
A Princess of the House of Este (Pisanello)
Aragazzi Monument (Michelozzi Michelozzo)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Council of Basel at transfers to Ferrara (1/10)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Inca Empire established in Peru (1438-1538)
Albert II + (Holy Roman Empire) Emperor (Hapsburg)
Lorand Lepes - (Transylvania) Prince (Vice-voivode)
Karl Knutsson + (Sweden) House of Folkung (regent)
Edward I - (Portugal) House of Aviz
Alfonso V Africano + (Portugal) House of Aviz
Pachacuti + (Inca Empire) King
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
1439 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
Council of Basel transfers to Florence from Ferrara - discussing end to Great Schism (1)
Council of Basel at Florence deposes Eugene IV (6/25)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The taille becomes a permanent land tax in France
Prince Henry the Navigator - son of John I of Portugal founds naval institute at Sagres
Colonization of Azores begins with people from Algarve and Alentejo regions of Portugal
Eric VII - (Denmark) of Pomerania
Albert II (Hapsburg) - (Holy Roman Empire)?
Albert V - (Austria) Duke House of Albert
Ladislaus + (Austria) Duke House of Albert
Albert - (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Austria)
Ladislas + (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (Posthumus)
Albert - (Hungary) King
Elizabeth + (Hungary) Queen
Eric XIII - (Sweden) House of Folkung (from Pomerania) (VII Dn)
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Felix V (antipope) + Amadeus VIII
Ambrose the Camaldulian 1386-1439
1440 Madonna and Child with SS Francis, John, Nicholas, & Lucy (Veneziano)
On the True Good (On Pleasure) (Lorenzo Valla)
Johannes Gutenberg perfects printing from movable type
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR + (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
The Praguerie is put down by Charles VII
Charles, duc d'Orleans ransomed from England by Philip the Good of Burgundy
Frederick III + (Holy Roman Empire) (-1493) Emperor (Hapsburg)
Frederick I - (Brandenburg) (1417-) Elector (Hohenzollern)
Frederick II + (Brandenburg) (-1470) Elector (Hohenzollern)
Elizabeth - (Hungary) Queen
Ladislaus I of Poland + (Hungary) King
Christopher III + (Denmark) of Bavaria
Karl Knutsson - (Sweden) House of Folkung (regent)
Christopher of Bavaria + (Sweden) House of Folkung
Eugene IV ... (Patriarchate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Meistersinger in Germany
Canonici Manuscript Dufay et al
Dez Prez, Josquin 1440-1521 Composer (1450)
Frederick I Hohenzollern 1371-1440 Elector (Brandenburg)
1441 Madonna della Misericordia (Bartolommeo Buon) (-1445)
Coronation of the Virgin (Fra Filippo Lippi) (-1444)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Francesco Sforza marries Bianca Maria Visconti (10/25)
------------------------------------------------------------
Peace of Cremona - wars against the Visconti in Northern Italy come to a truce (11/20)
Iancu of Hunedoara + (Transylvania) Prince
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
King's College Choir forms (Cambridge)
Boiardo, Matteo Maria 1441-1494
Van Eyck, Jan 1390-1441
1442 Resurrection (Luca Della Robbia) (1442-1445)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Alfonso II is crowned at Naples (6/12)
----------------------------------------------------
Mircea replaces Vlad II Dracul as ruler of Wallachia
Eric III of Pomerania - (Norway)
Christopher III + (Norway) of Bavaria
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
1443 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl - Old Swiss Confederacy defeats Zurich (7/22)
----------------------------------------------------------
Albanians under Skanderberg defeat the Turks
Battle of Nis - John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania defeats Turks
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Matarazzo, Francesco
1443-1518
Historian/Humanist
1444 St. Francis' Betrothal to My Lady Poverty (Stefano di Giovanni Sassetta)
Miraculous Draught of Fishes (Konrad Witz)
Last Supper (Andrea del Castagno)
Tomb of Leonardo Bruni (Bernardo Rossellino)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Truce signed between France and England
Lorenzo Valla proves the falsity of the �donation of Constantine�
Battle of Varna - Ottomans defeat Christian (Hungarian - Polish) "Crusade"
Ladislaus I of Poland - (Hungary) King
Ladislaus V + (Hungary) King
Ladislaus III of Varna - (Poland) Jagiellon Dynasty
Casimir IV + (Poland) Jagiellon Dynasty
Murad II - (Ottoman Empire) Sultan
Mehmet II + (Ottoman Empire) Sultan (Mohammed)
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Bramante 1444-1514
Sforza, Galeazzo Maria 1444-1476 Duke of Milan
Albo, Joseph 1380-1444
Bruni, Leonardo 1374-1444
Campin, Robert 1375-1444
1445 The Annunciation (Master of the Aix Annunciation)
Tucher Altarpiece (Master of the Tucher Altar)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Kazan becomes capital of independent Tatar khanate
Portuguese reach the Senegal
Portuguese pass Cape Verde
Mahommed VII - (Granada) rethroned
Ebn Ostman + (Granada)
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Botticelli, Sandro 1445-1510 (1444-)
Carnevale, Fra 1445-1484
Pacioli, Luca 1445-1514
Signorelli, Luca 1445-1523
Power, Leonel 1370-1445 Musician
1446 Portrait of Isotta degli Atti - Bronze Medallion (Matteo di Pasti)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Alvaro Fernandezs reaches almost as afar as Sierra Leone - probabably farthest point reached before 1460
Mehmet II - (Ottoman Empire) Sultan (Muhammed)
Murad II + (Ottoman Empire) Sultan
Eugene IV ... (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Perugino 1446-1523
Brunelleschi, Filippo 1377-1446
1447 Presentation in the Temple (Stephan Lochner)
St. Stephen Preaching and Addressing the Council (fra Angelico) (-1455)
Vatican Library founded
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Filippo Maria Visconti dies - beginning of the short-lived Ambrosian Republic in Milan (8/13)
-------------------------------------------------------
Union of Poland and Lithuania
Eugene IV - (Patrirachate of Rome) (1431-1447)
Nicholas V +
(Patrirachate
of Rome)
(1447-1455)
Commines, Philippe de 1447-1511
1448 Virgin and Child (Donatello)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Second Battle of Kosovo - Ottoman victory - Ottoman domination of the Balkans (10/17-20)
John VIII - (Byzantine Empire)
Constantine XI + (Byzantine Empire) Dragases
Christopher III - (Denmark) of Bavaria
Christian I + (Denmark)
Christopher of Bavaria - (Sweden) House of Folkung
Charles VIII + (Sweden) House of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Christopher III + (Norway) of Bavaria
Christian I + (Norway)
Trailok + (Siam) (-1488)
1449 St. Eligius and the Lovers (Petrus Chritus)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR ... (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Lorenzo de Medici is born (1/1)
Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine emperor (1/6)
Oriats raids China
Felix V (antipope) - aka Amadeus VIII
Ghirlandaio, Domenico 1449-1494
Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de� 1449-1492
Beg, Ulugh 1394-1449
1450 The miraculous draught of Fishes (Witz)
Virgin and Child (Jehan Fouquet)
Putti Blowing Trumpets (duccio) (From the Tempio Malatesta) (-1457)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
OLD Z�RICH WAR - (1440-1450) Z�rich vs. Old Swiss Confederacy
Battle of Cherbourg - English are expelled from Normandy
Promulgation of the "Palace Law" of Siam
Z�rich is admitted back into Old Swiss Confederacy - ends Old Z�rich War
Vatican Library founded by Nicholas V
Francesco Sforza + (Milan) (-1466) Duke
Yingzong - (China) (1436-) 6th Ming Dynasty (Zhengtong Era)
Taizong + (China) (-1457) 7th Ming Dynasty (Jingtai Era)
Flemish School flourishes
Bosch, Heironymus (Jerome) 1450-1516 Painter
Isaac, Heinrich 1450-1517
Obrecht, Jacob 1450-1505 Composer
Schongauer, Martin 1450-1491
Pletho, Georgius Gemistus 1355-1450
1451 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
MOLDAVIAN CIVIL WAR + (1451-1457)
Syed dynasty ends in India - Lodi sultans succeed
Lodi Dynasty in India (-1526)
Murad II - (Ottoman Empire) Sultan
Mehmet II + (Ottoman Empire) Sultan (Muhammed the Conqueror)
Bahlul Khan Lodi + (Lodi Dynasty)
Columbus, Christopher 1451-1506
Gafori, Franchino 1451-1522 Musician
1452 Book of Hours of Etienne Chevalier (Fouquet)
HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR ... (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
MOLDAVIAN CIVIL WAR ... (1451-1457)
Rome crowns Frederick III emperor - last emperor crowned in Rome
Fundamentum organisandi Conrad Paumann pedagogical book
Da Vinci, Leonardo 1452-1519 Painter/Inventor
Richard III 1452-1485 King (Duke of Gloucester, England)
Savonarola, Girolamo 1452-1498
Vespucci, Amerigo 1452-1512
1453 HUNDRED YEAR'S WAR - (1337-1453)
WARS IN LOMBARDY ... (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
MOLDAVIAN CIVIL WAR ... (1451-1457)
END OF THE MIDDLE AGES
Mehmet II begins the siege of Constantinople (4/2)
Fall of Constantinople - Byzantine Empire ends and beginning of Istanbul as Ottoman capital (5/29)
Battle of Castillon - English forced to withdraw from Guienne - Earl of Shrewsbury is killed (7/17)
Hundred Years War Ends - French recapture Bordeaux - English retain Calais (10/19)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Henry VI becomes insane
Constantine XI - (Byzantine Empire) Dragases
Afonso de Albuquerque 1453-1515 Explorer (Alhandra, Portugal)
Dunstable, John 1369- (1390-1453) Musician (12/24)
1454 Coronation of the Virgin (Charonton)
St. James Led to Martyrdom (Mantegna)
Printing by movable type perfected in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg
WARS IN LOMBARDY - (1425-1454) Venice vs. Milan
MOLDAVIAN CIVIL WAR ... (1451-1457)
BEGINNING OF RENAISSANCE
Peace of Lodi - established power balance between Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples &Papal States (4/9) (-1455)
Richard - Duke of York - is regent of England while Henry VI is insane
Ebn Ostman - (Granada)
Ebn Ismail + (Granada)
John II - (Castile)
Henry IV + (Castile)
Poliziano, Angelo 1454-1494 Poet (Florence)
1455 The Annunciation (Piero Della Francesca)
MOLDAVIAN CIVIL WAR ... (1451-1457)
WAR OF THE ROSES + (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
War of the Roses in England - civil wars in England between royal houses of York and Lancaster (-1485)
Henry VI recovers - Richard of York is replaced by Somerset and excluded from the Royal Council
Battle of St. Albans - Somerset defeated and killed
Cadamosto - Venetian sailor - explores the Senegal and Gambia rivers discovers Cape Verde Islands (-1457)
Prinzenraub - Saxon princes and brothers Albert and Ernest are kidnapped
Nicholas V -
Calixtus III + (Patriarchate of Rome) (-1458)
Liederbuch Lochamer
Angelico, Fra 1387-1455
Ghiberti, Lorenzo 1378-1455 Sculptor (Florence)
1456 Mazarin Bible (Gutenberg pr.) 1st book printed from moveable type
MOLDAVIAN CIVIL WAR ... (1451-1457)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Giannozzo Manetti enters the service of King Alfonso of Naples
Battle of Belgrade - Hungarians check Ottoman advance into Europe
Turks capture Athens
Portuguese reach Cape Verde Islands
Ebn Ismail - (Granada)
Moulay Hacen + (Granada)
Iancu of Hunedoara - (Transylvania) Prince
Petru Aaron - (Walachia) Prince
Vlad the Impaler + (Walachia) Prince
Coeur, Jacques 1395-1456
1457 Edo Castle in Tokyo is built
First surviving dated printed book published
MOLDAVIAN CIVIL WAR - (1451-1457)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Charles VIII of Sweden is deposed by rebellion led by J�ns Bengtsson and Eric AxelssonTott
Stephan III becomes voivode of Moldavia from assisstence by Vlad III of Wallachia
Ladislaus - (Austria) Duke House of Albert
Albert VI + (Austria) Duke House of Leopold
Frederick V + (Austria) (-1493) Archduke H. of Leopold (Frederick III)
Ladislas - (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (Posthumus)
George + (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Podebrad) (1458)
Ladislaus V - (Hungary) King
Stephen the Great + (Moldavia) Prince
Charles VIII - (Sweden) House of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Christian I of Denmark +
(Sweden)
(1457-1464) House
of Folkung
Pasquale Malipiero +
(Venice)
(1457-1462) 66th Doge
Taizong - (China) (1450-1457) 7th Ming Dynasty (Jingtai Era)
Yinzong + (restored) (China) (1457-1465) 6th/8th Ming Dybasty (Tianshun Era)
Lippi, Filippino 1457-1504
1458 Angel from the Altar of the Sacrament (Da Settignano) (-1461)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Matthias I Corvinus becomes King of Hungary (1/24)
Pope Pius II succeeds Calixtus III as the 210th pope (8/19)
--------------------------------------------------------
Turks issue a decree to protect the Acropolis after conquering Athens
Alfonso V - (Aragon) the Magnaminous
John II + (Aragon)
Matthias Corvinus + (Hungary) (-1490) King
Ala ud din Ahmad II - (Bahmani Dynasty) Shah
Ala ud din Humayun + (Bahmani Dynasty) Shah
Calixtus III - (Patriarchate of Rome) (1455-)
Pius II +
Sannazaro, Jacopo 1458-1530
1459 Journey of the Magi (Gozzoli)
St. Sebastian (Mantegna)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Council of Mantua - Pius II covenes (6/1)
Battle of Blore Heath - Yorkists defeat Lancastrians - link up with York at Ludlow Castle (9/23)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Ottomans conquer Serbia (1459-1829)
Jodhpur is founded by Rao Jodha, Rajput chief of the Rathore clan, future Marwar state
Platonic Academy founded in Florence by Cosimo de� Medici
Chamaraja Wodeyar I - (Mysore) Hiriya Bettada (1423-)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I + (Mysore)
Maximilian I 1459-1519 Emperor (Germany)
1460 The Midnight Hunt (Paolo Uccello)
Resurrection (Piero Della Francesca)
Madonna with Sleeping Child (Cosimo Tura)
Avignon Pieta
Orfeo (Poliziano)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Treaty of Ribe - Schleswig and Holstein should never be separated from each other (3/5)
Battle of Northampton - Yorkists capture Henry VI (7/10)
Seige of Roxburgh Castle - James II of Scotland is killed when one of his cannon explodes (9/3)
Richard, Duke of York enters Council chamber and puts his hand on the
throne - shocking the lords (10/10)
Act of Accord - Henry VI to stay king until death, his son Edward is disinherited, and York to succeed (10/25)
Battle of Wakefield - Richard, Duke of York is defeated and killed (12/30)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Earl of Warwick (the Kingmaker) captures London for the Yorkist
Turkey conquers Greece
Turks conquer Morea
James II - (Scotland)
James III + (Scotland)
Messe se la face ay pale Dufay
David, Gerard 1460-1523
La Rue, Pierre de 1460-1518 Musician
Binchois, Gilles 1400-1460 Musician
Henry the Navigator 1395-1460 Explorer (Portugal)
1461 WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Battle of Mortimer's Cross and Towton - Edward VI - Richard, Duke of York's son - defeats Lancastrians and is made king (2/2)
Alexander I Jagiellon is born (future king of Poland) (8/5)
Turks capture Trebizond - last surviving Greek state (8/15)
Charles VII - (France) (1422-) King
Louis XI + (France) (1461-1483) King
Henry VI - (England) (1422-1461) King
Edward IV + (England) (-1470) King (s. Richard of York)
Basil II - (Russia) Grand Duke of Moscow
Ivan III the Great + (Russia) (1461-1505) Grand Duke of Moscow
Ala ud din Humayun - (Bahmani Dynasty) Shah
Nizam ud din Ahmad III + (Bahmani Dynasty) (-1463) Shah
Charles VII 1403-1461 King of France
1462 Resurrection (Caspar Isenmann) (-1465)
Portrait of a Man (Dieric Bouts)
Tomb of Jacob von Sierck (Nicolaus Gerhaerts Van Leyden)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Castile captures Gibraltar from Arabs
Platonic Academy founded in Florence
Pasquale Malipiero - (Venice) (1457-1462) 66th Doge
Vlad the Impaler - (Walachia) Prince
Radu I + (Walachia) Prince
Cosimo, Piero di 1462-1521
Pomponatius 1462-1524
1463 WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Ottoman Turks and Venetians at war (-1479)
Turks conquer Bosnia
Albert VI - (Austria) (1457-) Duke House of Leopold
Nizam ud din Ahmad III - (Bahmani Dynasty) (1461-) Shah
Shams ud din III + (Bahmani Dynasty) Muhammad Shah
Mirandola, Pico della 1463-1494
Villon, Francois 1431-1463
1464 WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Cosimo de' Medici dies (8/1)
-------------------------------------------------
Edward IV marries Elizabeth Woodville
Accession of sonni Ali Ber of Songhai
Sunni Ali Ber + (Songhay Kingdom /Mali) (1464-1492)
Christian I of Denmark - (Sweden) (1457-) House of Folkung
Charles VIII + (Sweden) (-1465) House of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Pius II -
Paul II +
Medici, Cosimo de'
1389-1464
Ruler of Florence
Nicolas of Cusa 1401-1464
Van der Weyden, Roger 1399-1464
1465 Federigo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (Piero della Francesca)
The Incredulity of St. Thomas (Andrea del Verrocchio) (-1483)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Edward IV imprisons Henry VI
League of the Public Weal - Dukes of Alencon, Berri, Burgundy, Boubon, and Lorraine against Louis XI
Charles VIII - (Sweden) (1464-) House of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Jons Bengtsson + (Sweden) House of Folkung (Oxenstierna) (regent)
Yinzong - (restored) (China) (1457-) 6th/8th Ming Dybasty (Tianshun Era)
Xianzong + (Ming China) (1465-1488)9th Emperor (Chenghua Era)
Boccaccino, Boccaccio 1465-1525
Boece, Hector 1465-1536
Tetzel, Johann 1465-1519
1466 Einsiedeln Madonna (Master E. S. - of 1466)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Medici travel back to Florence from summer retreat narrowly escaping assassination and coup d'etat (8/26)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Warwick's quarrels with Edward IV begin
Warwick forms alliance with Louis XI
Second Peace of Thorn - Poland gains much of Prussia from the Teutonic Knights
Jons Bengtsson - (Sweden) House of Folkung (Oxenstierna) (regent)
Erik Axelsson Tott + (Sweden) House of Folkung (regent)
Francesco I Sforza - (Duchy of Milan) (1450-)
Galeazzo Maria Sforza + (Duchy of Milan)
Erasmus 1466-1536 Man of Letters (1469)
Donatello, Donato de�Bardi detto 1386-1466 Artist
Sforza, Francesco I 1401-1466 Duke/Condottieri (Milan)
1467 The last supper (Bouts)
The Triumph of Venus (Francesco del Cossa) (-1470)
Self-Portrait (Nicolaus Gerhaerts Van Leyden)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR + (1467-1477) Japanese Civil War
Charles the Bold becomes Duke of Burgundy - chief rival of Louis XI
Civil wars start in Japan - last more than 100 years
Charles the Bold + (Burgundy) (-1477) Duke
Charles VIII + (Sweden) House of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Erik Axelsson Tott - (Sweden) House of Folkung (regent)
1468 WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Margaret of York marries Charles the Bold
Sonni Ali captures Timbuktu from the Tuareg - founds the Songhai Empire in West Africa
Cajetan 1468-1534
Gutenberg, Johann 1397-1468
1469 WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Lorenzo de' Medici and Clarice Orsini married by proxy (2/7)
Clarice Orsini arrives in Florence (6/4)
Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile - unites Spain (10/19)
Piero di Cosimo de Medici dies of gout and lung disease, ruler of Florence (12/2)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Marsilio Ficino completes Latin translation of Plato's dialogues - first complete translation
Matthias + (Bohemia) (-1471) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Hungary) rival
Lorenzo the Magnificent + (Florence)
Gama, Vasco Da 1469-1524
Guru Nanak 1469-1538
Machiavelli, Niccolo 1469-1527
Lippi, Filippo 1406-1469
1470 Trial by Fire (DiericBouts)
Female Donors in the Stalls (Friedrich Herlin)
Battle of the Nudes (Pollaiuolo Brothers)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Warwick turns Lancastrian - defeats Edward IV and restores Henry VI
Portuguese arrive at Ghana for the first time
Turks seize Negroponte from the Venetians
Edward IV - (England) (1461-) King (deposed)
Henry VI + (England) (-1471) King (restored)
Charles VIII - (Sweden) House of Folkung (Karl Knutsson)
Sten Sture the Elder + (Sweden) (1470-1497) House of Folkung (regent)
Frederick II - (Brandenburg) (1440-) Elector (Hohenzollern)
Albert Achilles + (Brandenburg) (1470-1486) Elector (Hohenzollern)
Abravanel, Judah 1470-1530 Philosopher/Physician/Poet (Jewish)
Grunewald, Matthias 1470-1528
Daret, Jacques 1404-1470
1471 Coronation of the Virgin (Michael Pacher) (-1481)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Battle of Barnet - Edward IV defeats and kills Warwick
Henry VI dies in the Tower of London - probably murdered
Portuguese under Alfonso V take Tangier from Muslims
Three Leagues Alliance betw. League of God's House,League of Ten Jurisdictions and Grey League (Grisons)
Henry VI - (England) (1470-) King (murdered)
Edward IV + (England) (1471-1483) King (restored)
George - (Bohemia) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Podebrad)
Matthias - (Bohemia) (1469-) Luxemburg Dynasty (of Hungary) rival
Ladislas II + (Bohemia) (1471-1516) Lux. Dynasty (Vladislav)
Paul II -
Sixtus IV +
Durer, Albrecht 1471-1528 Painter
Kempis, Thomas a 1380-1471
Malory, Sir Thomas 1408-1471 Writer (England)
1472 Ludovico Gonzaga receiving the Messenger... (Andrea Mantegna) (-1474)
Adoration of the Shepherds (Schongauer)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Venetians destroy Smyrna
Battle of Otluk-beli - Turks under Mohammed II defeat the Persian ruler and chief ally of Venice - Uzan Hasan
Portuguese discover island of Fernando Po (Guinea)
Portuguese reach Benin's major seaport of Gwato
Bartolommeo, Fra 1472-1517
Cranach, Lucas 1472-1553
Alberti, Leon Battista 1404-1472
Bessarion, Johannes (Basilius) 1395-1472
1473 Communion of the Apostles (Joos van Wassenhove Gent) (-1474)
Madonna of the Rose garden (Martin Schongauer)
Sistine Chapel construction (Giovanni de Dolci)
The Bonci family rebuild St. Andrew's Church and monastery in Venice
Almanach Cracoviensad annum 1474 (incunabulum: Poland's oldest known print)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Japan
Nicolas Copernicus is born (2/19)
Battle of Otlukbeli - Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkomans under Uzun Hasan (8/11)
--------------------------------------------------------
Axayacatl invades sister city of Tlatelolco - Moquihuix, ruler of Tlatelolco is killed
Sten Sture the Elder ... (Sweden) (1470-1497) H. Folkung (regent)
Christian I ... (Denmark)(Norway) (1448-1481)(1450-1481) King (Union)
James III ... (Scotland) (1460-1488) King (H. Stewart)
Edward IV ... (England) (1471-1483)2 King (restored)
Louis XI ... (France) (1461-1483) King
Nicholas I - (Lorraine) (1470-1473) Duke
Ren� II + (Lorraine) (1473-1508) Duke
Charles I the Bold ... (Burgundy) (1467-1477) Duke
Henry IV The Impotent ... (Castile) (1454-1474) King
John II ... (Navarre)(Aragon) (1425-1479(1458-1479) King
Alfonso V ... (Portugal) (1438-1481) King (H. Avis)
Frederick III ... (HRE) (1452-1493) Emperor (Leopold. Hapsburg)
Albert Achilles ... (Brandenburg) (1470-1486) Elector (Hohenzollern)
Ernest ... (Saxony) (1464-1486) Elector (Ernestine Founder)
Ladislas II ... (Bohemia) (1471-1516) Lux. Dynasty (Vladislav)
Frederick V ... (Austria) (1457-1493) Archduke House of Leopold
Matthias Corvinus ... (Hungary)(Croatia)(Bohemia) (1458-1490)(1469-1490) King
Sixtus IV ... (Patriarchate of Rome) (1471-1484)
Ivan III the Great ... (Russia) (1461-1505) Grand Duke of Moscow
James II The Bastard - (Cyprus) (1464-1473) King
James III + (Cyprus) (1473-1474) King (Infant)
Catherine Cornaro + (Cyprus) (1473-1489) Regent (Queen 1474-)
Mehmet II ... (Ottoman Empire) (1451-1481)2 Sultan
Husayn Bayqarah ... (Timurid Herat) (1470-1506)
Ahmad ibn Abu Sa'id ... (Timurid Samarkand) (1469-1494) Sultan
Xianzong ... (Ming China) (1465-1488) 9th Emperor (Chenghua Era)
Seongjong ... (Joseon Korea) (1469-1494) 9th King
Go-Tsuchimikado ... (Moromachi Japan) (1464-1500) 103rd Emperor
Yoshimasa - (Ashikaga Shogunate) (1449-1473) 8th Shogun
Yoshihisa + (Ashikaga Shogunate) (1473-1489) 9th Shogun
Bahlul Khan ... (Delhi Sultanate) (1451-1489) Sultan (Lodhi Dynasty)
Susenphaa ... (Ahom Kingdom) (1439-1488) King
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I ... (Mysore Kingdom) (1459-1478)
Mohammed Shah III ... (Bahmani Sultanate) (1463-1482) Sultan
Mahmud Gawan ... (Bahmani Sultanate) (1466-1481) Vizier
Virupaksha Raya II ... (Vijayanagar Empire) (1465-1485) Sangama Dynasty
??????????? (Ava Kingdom) (????-????)
?????????? (Ramanadesa Kingdom) (????-????) Mon Kingdom of Peguan
Trailok ... (Ayutthaya Kingdom) (1448-1488) King
?????????????? (Lan Xang Kingdom) (????-????) King
Le Thanh Tong ... (Vietnam) (1460-1497) King (Le Dynasty)
?????????????? (Champa Kingdom) (????-????) King
Mansur Shah ... (Sultanate of Malacca) (1459-1477) 4th Sultan
Qaitbay ... (Mamluk Egypt) (1468-1496) 18th Sultan (Burji Dynasty)
Baeda Maryam
...
(Ethiopia)
(1468-1478)
Negusa
Nagast
(Solomonic)
Sunni Ali Ber ... (Songhay Kingdom /Mali) (1464-1492) Founder (15th Sonni Dyn.)
Copernicus, Nicolas 1473-1543
Wolsey, Thomas c.1473-1530 Prelate/Statesman (England)
Nezahualcoyotl 1403-1473
1474 Lamentation over Christ (Bellini)
Ginevra di Benci (Leonardo da Vinci)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Louis XI goes to war against Charles the Bold
Alliance forms between Charles the Bold and Edward IV of England
War between Charles the Bold and Swiss Confederation (1474-1477)
Triple alliance of Florence, Venice, and Milan
Isabella succeeds to throne of Castile
Nautical Almanac (1474-1506) by Regiomantus describes finding longitude by using lunar distances
Henry IV - (Castile)
Isabella & Ferdinand V + (Spain)
Josquin des Prez sings in the court chapel choir of the Sforza family in Milan (1474-1476)
Ariosto, Ludovico 1474-1533 Poet
Ferrara 1474-1528
Dufay, Guillaume 1400-1474
1475 Adoration of the Shepherds (Hugo Van Der Goes)
The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian (Pollaiuolo Brothers)
The Investiture of St. Ildefonso (Master of St. Ildefonso) (-1480)
Allegory of Discord (Francesco di Giorgio)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Edward IV invades France
Peace of Piequigny - between England and France
Turks conquer city of Kaffa in Crimea
Radu I - (Walachia) Prince
Giorgione 1475-1510 Painter (Italy)
Michaelangelo 1475-1564
Bouts, Dieric 1415-1475 Painter
Uccello, Paolo 1397-1475
1476 Crucifixion (Rodrigo de Osona the Elder)
The Virgin of the Burning Bush (Nicolas Froment)
Portinari Altarpiece (Van Der Goes)
Tomb of the Doge Pietro Mocenigo (Pietro Lombardo)
William Caxton sets up printing press at Westminster
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR ... (1467-1477) Jp.
Charles the Bold arrives in front of Nancy - begins siege(10/22)
Duke Galeazzo Sforza murdered in Milan (12/26)
Liber de natura et propriete
tonorum
Johannes Tinctoris
Fortescue, John 1394-1476
Muller, Johannes (Regiomantus) 1436-1476
Sforza, Galeazzo Maria 1444-1476 Duke of Milan
1477 WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
ONIN WAR - (1467-1477) Jp.
Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold dies in Lorraine - Swiss & Rene, duke of Lorraine defeat Burgundians - (1/5)
Maximilian I, son of Frederick III marries Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold at Ghent (8/18)
-------------------------------------------------------
Hapsburgs control Flanders (-1795)
Art of Counterpoint Johannes Tinctoris
Charles the Bold - (Burgundy) (1467-1477) Duke killed at Battle of Nancy
Anne of Brittany 1477-1514 Queen of France
Charles the Bold (Burgundy) -
1478 La Primavera (Botticelli)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Giuliano de Medici
assassinated on Easter Sunday - Pazzi Conspiracy - stabbed nineteen times in the Cathedral of Florence - Lorenzo escapes (4/26)
------------------------------------------------------
Spanish Inquisition established by Ferdinand and Isabella with the consent of Sixtus IV-persecutes Jews
Hungary gains Moravia and Silesia
Ivan III conquers Novgorod Republic and incorporates it into duchy of Moscow
Turks conquer Albania
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I - (Mysore)
Chamaraja Wodeyar II + (Mysore) Hiriya
Castiglione,
Baldassare
1478-1529
Courtier
Giorgione
1478-1510
Painter
More, Thomas 1478-1535 Philosopher / Statesman (England)
1479 Nativity (Michael Wolgemut)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Joanna the Mad is born to Ferdinand and Isabella (11/6)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Castile unites with Aragon after Ferdinand succeeds to the throne of Aragon
Treaty of Constantinople - Venice agrees to pay tribute to the Ottoman Empire for trading rights in Black Sea
Blanca and Don John - (Navarre)
Leonor +- (Navarre)
Francisco Febo + (Navarre)
John II - (Aragon)
Ferdinand II + (Aragon) King ("Catholic")
Merici, Angela 1479-1540
1480 Old Man with a young boy (Ghirlandaio)
Temptation of St. Anthony (Martin Schongauer) (-1490)
Bartolomeo Colleoni Monument (Verrocchio)
Morris Dancer (Erasmus Grasser)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Great Stand on the Ugra River (10)
-------------------------------------------------
Ivan III the Great ends allegiance with the Tatars
Ivan III proclaimed Czar and Autocrat of Russia
Turks besiege Rhodes - held by the Knights of St. John
Trent Codices Dufay et al
First Masses Obrecht
Altdorfer, Albrecht 1480-1538
Lotto, Lorenzo 1480-1557
Magellan, Ferdinand 1480-1521
Margaret of Austria 1480-1530 Hapsburg Princess (d. Maximilian I)
Squarcialupi, Antonio di Bartolomeo 1416-1480 Musician
1481 Delivery of the Keys to Saint Peter (Pietro Vanucci Perugino)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Inquisition proceedings begin in Spain
Mohammed II dies - founder of Ottoman Empire
Christian I - (Denmark)(Norway)
Hans + (Denmark)(Norway)
Francisco Febo - (Navarre)
Catalina + (Navarre) and Don John of Aragon
Alfonso V Africano - (Portugal) House of Aviz
John II + (Portugal) House of Aviz
Muhammed II - (Ottoman Empire) Sultan (the Conqueror)
Bayezid II + (Ottoman Empire) Sultan
Peruzzi, Baldassare 1481-1536
Fouquet, Jean 1420-1481 Painter (France)
Littleton, Thomas 1422-1481 Jurist (England)
1482 St. Augustine and St. Gregory (Michael Pacher) (-1483)
Elmina Castle construction (Sao Jorge da Mina)- said to be the oldest European building south of Sahara
Leonardo da Vinci travels to Milan to work
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
WAR OF FERRARA + (1482-1484) Papacy/Venice vs. Ercole d'Este Duke of Ferrara
Portuguese settle Gold Coast (Ghana)
Portuguese navigator Diego Cao explores the Congo River (-1484)
Treaty of Arras - between Louis XI of France and local governments of the Netherlands
Moulay Hacen - (Granada)
Abou Abdilehi + (Granada) Boabdil
Shams ud din III - (Bahmani Dynasty) Muhammad Shah
Mahmud Shah + (Bahmani Dynasty)
della Robbia, Lucca 1400-1482 Sculptor
Montefeltro, Federigo di 1422-1482 Politician (Urbino)
Van der Goes, Hugo 1435-1482
1483 Copy of Jal al-din Rumi's Mathnawai (Bookbinding)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
WAR OF FERRARA ... (1482-1484) Papacy/Venice vs. Ercole d'Este Duke of Ferrara
Portuguese navigator Diego Cao explores Angola and the Congo River - first voyage(-1484)
Edward V and his brother are murdered in the Tower of London
Archduke Maximilian of Austria recognizes Treaty of Arras
Aquisition of Burgundy by France recognized
Portuguese threat to Spain eliminated
Louis XI - (France) (1461-)
Charles VIII + (France) (-1498) King
Edward IV - (England) (1471-) (s. Richard of York) murdered
Edward V +- (England) *****
Richard III + (England) (-1485) (u. Edward V) (duke of Gloucester)
Papal Choir in Rome twenty four
Luther, Martin 1483-1546 Church Reformer
Raphael 1483-1520 Painter
1484 "November" from Tres Riches Heures du duc de Berry (Jean Colombe)
Self Portrait at 13 (Albrecht Durer)
Oration on the Dignity of Man (Mirandola)
Morte D'Arthur (Malory) printed by Caxton
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
WAR OF FERRARA - (1482-1484) Papacy/Venice vs. Ercole d'Este Duke of Ferrara
Diogo C�o receives coat of arms from John II (4/14)
--------------------------------------------------------
Discovery of Congo estuary by Diogo Cao
Diogo C�o's second voyage (1484-1486)
Sixtus IV - (Patriarchate of Rome) (1471-1484)
Innocent VIII
+
(Patriarchate
of
Rome)
(1484-1492)
Scalinger, Julius Caesar 1484-1558
Tyndale, William 1484-1536 Biblical Translator (England)
Zwingli 1484-1531
Carnevale, Fra 1445-1484
1485 Birth of venus (Sandro Botticelli) (-1486)
Venus and mars (Sandro Botticelli) (-1486)
The Donne Triptych (Hans Memling)
St. Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)
Virgin Annunciate (Andrea Sansovino Contucci) (-1490)
De Re Aedificatoria (Alberti)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Battle of Bosworth Field - Henry Tudor (VII) defeats & kills Richard III - becomes first Tudor monarch (8/22)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tudor Dynasty in England replaces Angevin dynasty (-1603)
Wettin Family Holdings in Germany split into Ernestine and Albertine lines - Frederick I's sons
Hungary captures Vienna and acquires lower Austria - Hungary becomes most powerful state in Central Europe
Christopher Columbus first presents his plan to the Portuguese court
Richard III - (England) (1483-) (u. Edward V) (Duke of Gloucester)
Henry VII + (England) (-1509) (Tudor) (Earl of Richmond)
Cromwell, Thomas 1485-1540 Statesman (Putney, England)
Janequin, Clement 1485-1558 Musician
Patinir, Joachim 1485-1524
Vecellio, Tiziano (Titian) 1485-1576 (1477-)
Verrazano, Giovanni da 1485-1528
Richard III 1452-1485 King (Duke of Gloucester, England)
1486 Annunciation (Carlo Crivelli)
Oration on the Dignity of Man (Pico della Mirandola)
WAR OF THE ROSES ... (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Accession of Maximilian I - King of Germans
Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York - unites houses of York and Lancaster
Albert Achilles - (Brandenburg) Elector (Hohenzollern) (-1486)
Srey Sukonthor + (Cambodia) (-1512)
Auitzotl + (Aztec Empire) (-1502) Emperor (Chief Speaker)
Josquin des Prez sings in the papal choir under Pope Innocent VIII in Rome (-1494)
Agrippa v. Nettesheim, Henricus Cornelius 1486-1535
1487 San Giobbe Altarpiece (Giovanni Bellini)
Martin van Nieuwenhove (Hans Memling)
Adoration of the Magi (Domenico Ghirlandaio)
Life of St. Philip (Filippino Lippi)
Kremlin begins construction
Malleus Maleficarum (James Sprenger/Heinrich Kramer) important witch-hunting manual (pub. Germany)
WAR OF THE ROSES - (1455-1487) Lancaster vs. York
Lambert Simnel is crowned King Edward VI of England in Christchurch, Dublin - challenges Henry VII (5/24)
Battle of Stoke Field - Henry VII defeats pro-Lambert Simnel forces under John de la Pole - ends ROW (6/16)
Bartholomew Diaz leaves Lisbon for journey around Cape of Good Hope (8)
Hongzhi becomes 10th Ming Emperor of China (9/9)
--------------------------------------------------------
Auitzotl, 8th Aztec Emperor dedicates the Great Temple Pyramid of Tenochtitlan w/ "1000s" of sacrifices
Spanish conquer M�laga in Andalusia
Sarto, Andrea del 1487-1531
1488 Painting in copy of Sadi's Bustan (Bihzad)
Bartomoleu Diaz lands at Mossel Bay (2/3)
--------------------------------------------------------
Bartomoleu Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope
James III - (Scotland) King
James IV + (Scotland) King
Trailok - (Siam)
Xianzong - (China) (1465-) 9th Ming Dynasty (Chenghua Era)
Xiaozong + (China) (-1506) 10th Ming Dynasty (Hongzhi Era)
Glareanus 1488-1563 Musician
Van Orley, Bernaert 1488-1541
Verrocchio, Andrea del 1435-1488
1489 Prose Poem (Yao Shou) (China)
St. George and the Dragon with the Princess of Lybia (Bernt Notke)
Cem, exiled Ottoman challenger to brother Bayezid II, is transfered to Pope Innocent VIII in Rome - Bayezid II pays off pope (3)
Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus, sells her Kingdom to Venice (3/14)
Treaty of Medina del Campo - between England and Spain - for marriage bet. Arthur and Catherine (3/26)
Innocent VIII excommunicates and deposes Ferdinand I of Naples by
Papal Bull- offers throne to Charles VIII of France (Angevin
claim) (9/11)
Arthur Tudor is named Prince of Wales (11/29)
--------------------------------------------------------
Typhus sweeps through Spain, first appearance in Europe
Bahlul Khan Lodi - (Lodi Dynasty)
Sikandar Lodi + (Lodi Dynasty)
Correggio, Antonio Allegri 1489-1534 (-1494)
Cranmer, Thomas 1489-1556 Churchman (England)
Schwekfeld, Kaspar 1489-1561
1490 The Triumph of Caesar (Andrea Mantegna)
Portraits of Durer�s Parents (Durer)
Tirant lo Blanc (Joanot
Martorell/Mart� Joan de Galba)
(published in
Valencia) 1st "modern" novel?
Castanea Conspiracy - to poison Djem (Cem) and Pope Innocent VIII foiled - Cristoforo Castanea pincered and quartered (5)
Marriage of Maximilian I to Anne of Brittany by proxy (12/19)
--------------------------------------------------------
Yoshitane becomes Ashikaga Shogun of Japan
Catholic Missionaries reach Kingdom of Kongo
Small asteroid kills thousands in China?
Matthias Corvinus - (Hungary) King
Ladislas of Bohemia + (Hungary) King
Gombert, Nicolas 1490-1556
Sermisy, Claudin de 1490-1562 Musician
Willaert, Adrian 1490-1562 Composer
1491 Henry VIII is born (6/28)
Henry VIII 1491-1547
Loyola, Ignatius 1491-1556
Schongauer, Martin 1450-1491
1492 Lamentation Group (Guido Mazzoni)
Ferdinand V of Castile captures Grenada - ends Muslim influence in Spain (1/2)
Boabdil hands over keys of the city to Ferdinand (1/6)
Ferdinand and Isabella's Edict compelling Jews to convert to Christianity or leave by midnight August 2 (3/30)
Lorenzo de Medici dies (4/9)
Memorandum of Agreement (Capitulations) - between Columbus and F & Y - monarchs to take 90% (4/17)
Memorandum of Agreement (Capitulations) - Columbus to retain jurisdiction of new lands in perpetuity (4/17)
Columbus sails from Grenada to Palos to prepare for expedition (5/12) (Saturday)
Pope Innocent VIII dies (7/25)
Columbus expedition sets sail from bar of Saltes (8 am) (8/3) (Friday)
Papal Conclave of 1492 - elects Roderigo Borgia pope (8/6-11) Monday
Alexander
VI becomes Pope (8/11) (Saturday)
Columbus sees a light 50 miles off San Salvador (10 pm) (10/11)
Christopher Columbus lands in Bahamas at Guanahani island of the Lucayos (San Salvador) (10/12) (Friday)
Luis de Torres and Adelantado de Murcia go on hike to the interior of Cuba (11/2)
Columbus first hears about cannibals (11/4)
Luis de Torres and Adelantado de Murcia return from 12 league trek to the interior of Cuba (11/6)
Two eldest youths of the six captured on 11/6 run away (11/17) (Saturday)
Pinzon takes off without leave on the Pinta in search for gold (11/21)
Columbus meets antagonistic natives for the first time with spears raised resisting them at the shore (11/27)
Columbus reaches Hispaniola (12/5-6)
Santa Maria runs aground on Hispaniola - King Guacanagarix helps Columbus offload (12/25)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Ferdinand V of Castile conquers Granada - ends Muslim influence in Spain
Unification of Spain
Ferdinand and Isabella expel Muslims and Jews
Duchy of Brittany annexed by France
Abou Abdilehi - (Granada) Boabdil
Casimir IV - (Poland) Jagiellon Dynasty
John Albert + (Poland) Jagiellon Dynasty
Sunni Ali Ber - (Songhay Kingdom /Mali) (1464-1492)
Innocent
VIII
-
(Patriarchate of Rome)
Alexander VI + (Patriarchate of Rome) Roderigo Borgia
Jacob Obrecht at Antwerp (-1504)
Busnois, Antoine 1430-1492 Composer
Francesca, Piero della 1416-1492 Painter (Italy)
Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de� 1449-1492
1493 Coronation of the Virgin (Crivelli)
Self portrait with Eryngium Flower (Durer)
Self Portrait from the S. Lorenz Tabernacle, Nuremberg (Adam Kraft) (-1496)
Eve (Tilman Riemenschneider)
Columbus crew battle with Caribs - Christians to fifty Caribs (1/13)
Christpher Columbus expedition returns to bar of Saltes, Spain (3/15)
Frederick III, Homan Emperor dies while having leg amputated - Maximilian I takes over as sole ruler(8/19)
Columbus' second voyage leaves Canary Islands (10/13)
Columbus reaches La Navidad on Hispaniola (11/28)
------------------------------------------------------------
Treaty of Senlis - Maximilian forces Charles VIII of France to return Margaret of Austria's territorial dowry
Treaty of Senlis - Maximilian regains Artois and Franche-Comte
Pope Alexander VI divides newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
Songhai Empire reaches its greatest height under askia Mohammed the Great
Askia Mohammed the Great conquers much of the Mandingo Empire
Frederick III (Hapsburg) - (Holy Roman Empire)?
Frederick V - (Austria) (1457-1493) Archduke House of Leopold
Maximilian I + (Holy Roman Empire)(Austria) (1493-1519) Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Paracelcus 1493-1541
1494 Miracle of the True Cross (Carpaccio) (-1495)
Adoration of the Magi (Gregor and Michael Erhart)
Birth of Christ - Klosterkirche (Gregor and Michael Erhart)
FIRST ITALIAN WAR + (1494-1495)
Ferdinand I King of Naples dies, Alphonso II succeeds (1/25)
First Battle of Acentejo - Guanches of Tenerife defeat Spanish invading force in the Canary Islands (5/31)
Treaty of Tordesillas - Divides New World between Spain and Portugal (6/7)
Gian Galleazo Sforza dies - 6th Duke of Milan - possibly poisoned by Ludovico Sforza (10/21)
Charles VIII enters Florence (11/17)
Charles VIII enters Rome (12/31)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Charles VIII invades Italy - First French invasion of Italy - Fall of the Medici
Florentine Republic reestablished
Statute of Drogheda
Philip I the Fair of the House of Hapsburg assumes control of Burgundy
Maximilian I ... (Holy Roman Empire)(Austria) (1493-1519) Emperor / Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Ferdinand I - (Naples) (1458-1494) King Don Ferrante
Alphonso II + (Naples) (1494-1495) King
Philip the Handsome + (Netherlands) Count (Son of Maximilian)
Radu the Great + (Walachia) Prince
Francis I 1494-1547
Sachs, Hans 1494-1576
Boiardo, Matteo Maria 1441-1494
Ghirlandaio, Domenico 1449-1494
Memling, Hans 1435-1494 Painter
Mirandola, Pico della 1463-1494
1495 Scenes of Daily Life (Israel van Meckenem) (-1503)
Temptation of St. Anthony (Hieronymus Bosch)
Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci) (-1498)
Hunt of the Unicorn - Tapestry Series (South Lowlands) (-1505)
FIRST ITALIAN WAR - (1494-1495)
Bri�onnet named Cardinal (1/16)
Charles VIII enters Naples without siege or pitched battle (2/22)
The Holy League (Lg. of Venice) forms- Milan, Venice, HRE, Spain, and Pope - against Charles VIII (3/31)
John II - (Portugal) House of Aviz
Emanuel I + (Portugal) House of Aviz
Maximilian I ... (Holy Roman Empire)(Austria) (1493-1519) Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Alphonso II - (Naples) (1494-1495) King
Ferdinand II + (Naples) (1465-1496)
Gombert, Nicolas 1495-1560 Composer
Rabelais, Francis 1495-1553
Crivelli, Carlo 1430-1495
Tura, Cosme 1430-1495
1496 Procession in the Piazza di San Marco (Gentile Bellini)
Portrait of Frederick the Wise (Albrecht Durer)
Henry VII gives John Cabot patent to explore "...the eastern, western and northern sea" (3/5)
Columbus sets sail back to Spain (3/10)
Philip the Fair marries Joanna I daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella in Lier Belgium(10/20)
--------------------------------------------------------
Henry VII of England joins the Holy League
Commercial treaty between England and the Netherlands
Santo Domingo founded - first European town in "New World"
Maximilian I ... (Holy Roman Empire)(Austria) (1493-1519) Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Ferdinand II - (Naples) (1495-1496)
Practica musicae Gafori
Walter, Johann 1496-1570 Composer
1497 Samson and the Lion (Albrecht Durer) (-1498)
Bonfire of the Vanities - massive quantity of art, books, and cosmetics are burned by Savonarola's supporters in Florence (2/7) Mardi Gras
John Cabot begins his voyage to the west on the Matthew with a crew of 19 (5/2)
John Cabot expedition reaches Labrador or cape Breton (6/9)
John Cabot begins his return voyage (6/26)
John Cabot and crew arrive back in Bristol (8)
Vasco de Gama begins his voyage to Calicut from Lisbon (7/18) (-1498)
Infante Don Juan dies - Joanna now heir to Spanish throne (10/4)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Jews expelled from Portugal
John Cabot explores northeast coast from Newfoundland to Delaware
First voyage of Amerigo Vespucci
Maximilian I ... (Holy Roman Empire)(Austria) (1493-1519) Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Sten Sture the Elder - (Sweden) (1470-) House of Folkung (regent)
Hans (John) II + (Sweden) House of Folkung (from Denmark)
La D�ploration sur la mort Ockeghem Josquin des Prez
Holbein, Hans 1497-1543
Melanchthon 1497-1560
Ockeghem, Johannes 1410-1497
1498 Christ Crowned with Thorns (Juan de Flandes)
Self-portrait with landscape (Albrecht Durer)
St. Michael and the Dragon - Apocalypse Series (Albrecht Durer)
The Annunciation (Master of Moulins) (-1499)
Pieta (Michelangelo) (-1499)
Savanarola burned at the stake in Florence (5/23)
Santo Domingo officially founded on Hispaniola (8/5)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Thomas Wolsey ordained as a priest
Columbus discovers Trinidad and South America
Vasco de Gama of Portugal reaches India around Cape of Good Hope
Arrival of Portuguese on East African coast - reach Mombasa
Maximilian I ... (Holy Roman Empire)(Austria) (1493-1519) Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Charles VIII - (France) (1483-1498) King
Louis XII + (France) (1498-1515) King (Orleans)
Venetian printer Ottavinio dei Petrucci gains licence to print music
Ottavinio dei Petrucci becomes first to print complete song collections from movable type
Vienna Boys Choir forms
Savonarola, Girolamo 5/23 1452-1498
1499 SECOND ITALIAN WAR (WAR OVER NAPLES) + (1499-1504)
SWABIAN WAR +- (1499) Old Swiss Confederacy vs. House of Hapsburg
TURKISH VENETIAN WAR + (1499-1503)
Battle of Dornach - Swiss Confederation defeated by Hapsburg army under Maximilian (7/22)
Treaty of Basel - ends Swabian War - Basel enters Confederacy (1501) (9/22)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Louis XII invades Italy
Amerigo Vespucci sights coast of South America
Swabian War
Maximilian I ... (Holy Roman Empire)(Austria) (1493-1519) Archduke House of Leopold (Hapsburg)
Franck, Sebastian 1499-1543
Ficino, Marcilio 1433-1499