Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (Ukrainian and Галичина, Halyčyna; Galicja; Czech and Halič; Galizien; Galícia/Kaliz/Gácsország/Halics; Galiția/Halici; Галиция, Galicija; גאַליציע Galitsiye) is a historical and geographic region in Central Europe once a small Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia and later a crown land of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, that straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine. ^[1]

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periodical literature, 1st Army (Austria-Hungary), 1st Polish Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard, 2002 in Israel, 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves, 24th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), 26th Infantry Division (Poland), 2nd Army (Austria-Hungary), 2nd Grochow Uhlan Regiment, 2nd Guards Uhlans, 2nd Pavlograd Life Hussar Regiment, 33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne (1st French), 3rd Army (Russian Empire), 3rd Legions Infantry Division (Poland), 3rd Legions' Infantry Regiment, 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking, 626, 6th Infantry Division (Poland). 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A Lucky Child

A Lucky Child (2007) is a memoir written by Thomas Buergenthal, in the vein of Night by Elie Wiesel or My Brother's Voice (2003) by Stephen Nasser, in which he recounts the astounding story of his surviving the Holocaust as a ten-year-old child owing to his wits and some remarkable strokes of luck.

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Aaron ha-Levi Oettingen

Aaron ha-Levi Oettingen was a Galician rabbi; born about the beginning of the eighteenth century; died in Lemberg about 1769.

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Abba Hushi

Abba Hushi (Also: Aba Khoushy; אבא חושי; born Abba Schneller; 1898 – 24 March 1969) was an Israeli politician who served as mayor of Haifa for eighteen years between 1951 and 1969.

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Abraham David ben Asher Anshel Buchach

Abraham David ben Asher Anshel Wahrman (1770 at Nadvirna–1840 at Buchach) (Hebrew: אברהם דוד מבוטשאטש), was a Galician Talmudist.

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Abraham Firkovich

Abraham (Avraham) ben Samuel Firkovich (Hebrew אברהם בן שמואל - Avraham ben Shmuel; Karayce: Аврагъам Фиркович - Avragham Firkovich) (1786–1874) was a famous Karaite writer and archeologist, collector of ancient manuscripts, and a Karaite Hakham.

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Abraham Goldfaden

Abraham Goldfaden אַבֿרהם גאָלדפֿאַדען; (born Avrum Goldnfoden; the Romanian spelling Avram Goldfaden is common; 24 July 1840 in Starokostiantyniv – 9 January 1908 in New York City) was a Russian-born Jewish poet, playwright, stage director and actor in the languages Yiddish and Hebrew, author of some 40 plays.

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Abraham Lilienfeld

Abraham Morris "Abe" Lilienfeld (November 13, 1920 – August 6, 1984) was an American epidemiologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health.

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Abraham Salz

Abraham Adolph Salz (born around 1841 in Tarnów, death around 1941) was a Galician Zionist, lawyer and initially leader of the Chowewe Zion.

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Abraham Schalit

Abraham Haim Schalit (אברהם שליט) (born 1898, died 1979) was an Israeli historian and a scholar of the Second Temple period.

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Abraham Stupp

Abraham Stupp (אברהם סטופ, 1897 – 26 September 1968) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the General Zionists between 1951 and 1955.

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Achille Delaere

Achille Delaere (born 1868, Lendelede, Belgium) was a Flemish priest who served on the Canadian prairies.

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Act Zluky

The Act Zluky (Акт Злуки,, "Unification Act") was an agreement signed on January 22, 1919, by the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic on the St. Sophia Square in Kiev.

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Adalbert Czerny

Adalbert Czerny (25 March 1863 – 3 October 1941) was an Austrian pediatrician and is considered co-founder of modern pediatrics.

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Adam Epler

Adam Jozef Aleksander Epler (born December 1, 1891, in Lwów, Austrian Galicia; died October 24, 1965, in London) was a Colonel of Artillery of the Polish Army, posthumously promoted to Generał brygady.

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Adam Koc

Adam Ignacy Koc (31 August 1891 – 3 February 1969) was a Polish politician, MP, soldier, journalist and freemasoner.

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Adam Pribićević

Adam Pribićević (Адам Прибићевић; 24 December 1880 – 7 February 1957) was a Serbian publisher, writer, and politician.

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Adelma Vay

Baroness Adelma Vay or von Vay (also Vay de Vaya), born Countess Adelaide von Wurmbrand-Stuppach (October 21, 1840 – May 24, 1925), was a medium and pioneer of spiritualism in Slovenia and Hungary.

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Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II

Administrative division of Polish territories during World War II can be divided into several phases, when territories of the Second Polish Republic were administered first by Nazi Germany (in the west) and Soviet Union (in the east), then (following German invasion of the Soviet Union) in their entirety by Nazi Germany and finally (following Soviet push westwards) by the Soviet Union again.

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Administrative division of Polish–Lithuanian territories after Partitions

The three consecutive partitions of Poland carried out in the late 18th century by the Austrian, Prussian and the Russian empires, between 1772 and 1795, resulted in the complete disappearance of sovereign Poland from the map of Europe until the end of World War One in 1918.

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Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany

The Gaue (Singular: Gau) were the de facto administrative sub-divisions of Nazi Germany, eclipsing the de jure Länder (states) of Weimar Germany in 1934.

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Adolf Beck (physiologist)

Adolf Beck (1 January 1863, Kraków – 1942, Lwów) was a Polish Jew, physician of and professor of physiology at the University of Lwów.

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Adrian Carton de Wiart

Lieutenant General Sir Adrian Paul Ghislain Carton de Wiart (5 May 1880 – 5 June 1963) was a British Army officer born of Belgian and Irish parents.

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Afanasy Seredin-Sabatin

Afanasii Ivanovich Seredin-Sabatin (Афанасий Иванович Середин-Сабатин) was a Russian-born steersman-pilot and reporter for an English newspaper, but is best known as the first European (Russian) architect to live and work in the Korean Empire from (approximately) 1890 to 1904.

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Agenor Maria Gołuchowski

Count Agenor Maria Adam Gołuchowski (March 25, 1849March 28, 1921) was a Polish statesman.

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Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski

Count Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski (8 February 1812, Skala-Podilska, Galicia - 3 August 1875, Lwów, Galicia) was a Polish-Austrian conservative politician, member of parliament of Austria, Minister of Interior and governor of Galicia, and father of Agenor Maria Gołuchowski and Adam Gołuchowski.

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Aglaja Orgeni

Aglaja Orgeni, real name Anna Maria von Görger St.

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Agrarianism

Agrarianism is a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values.

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Aharon Rokeach

Aharon Rokeach (19 December 1880Israel, Yosef (2005). "Rescuing the Rebbe of Belz". NY:Mesorah Publications, Ltd.. – 18 August 1957) was the fourth Rebbe of the Belz Hasidic dynasty.

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Aharon Roth

Aharon Roth or Aaron Rote (אהרן ראטה) known as Reb Arele (1894 − 1947), was a Hungarian Hasidic rebbe and Talmudic scholar.

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Ahatanhel Krymsky

Ahatanhel Yukhymovych Krymsky (Агатангел Юхимович Кримський, Агафангел Ефимович Крымский; – 25 January 1942) was an Ukrainian Orientalist, linguist and polyglot (knowing up to 35 languages), literary scholar, folklorist, writer, and translator.

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Alan Nussbaum

Alan Jeffrey "Jerry" Nussbaum (born December 17, 1947) is an American linguist of the Indo-European languages and a classical philologist, best known for his work on the language of the Homeric epics and modern and Proto-Indo-European nominals.

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Albert Lacombe

Albert Lacombe (28 February 1827 – 12 December 1916), commonly known in Alberta simply as Father Lacombe, was a French-Canadian Roman Catholic missionary who traveled among and evangelized the Cree and also visited the Blackfoot First Nations of northwestern Canada.

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Albert Schickedanz

Albert Schickedanz (or Schikedanz) (October 14, 1846 – July 11, 1915) was an Austro-Hungarian architect and painter in the Eclectic style.

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Aleksander Brückner

Aleksander Brückner (29 January 1856 – 24 May 1939) was a Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literatures (Slavistics), philologist, lexicographer and historian of literature.

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Aleksander Skrzyński

Aleksander Józef Skrzyński (19 March 1882 – 25 September 1931) was a Polish politician, from Zagórzany, Gorlice, Galicia, who served as the 13th Prime Minister of Poland from 1925 to 1926.

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Aleksander Sulkiewicz

Iskander Mirza Huzman Beg Sulkiewicz (December 8, 1867 – September 18, 1916), known as Aleksander Sulkiewicz, was a Polish politician of Lipka Tatar ethnicity who campaigned for Polish independence and co-founded the Polish Socialist Party.

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Aleksander Zawadzki (naturalist)

Aleksander Zawadzki, born Józef Antoni Zawadzki, (6 May 1798 in Bielsko, Cieszyn Silesia – 5 June 1868 in Brno) was a Polish naturalist, author of flora and fauna lists of the Galicia region and the neighbourhood of Lviv (Lwów).

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Aleksandra Zagórska

Lt.

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Alekseevskaya Women's Gymnasium

The history of the Alekseevskaya Women's Gymnasium dates back to September 1905, when a note by P. P. Filevsky (the first historian of the city of Taganrog) was sent to the City Duma, in which he substantiated the urgent need to establish another female gymnasium in Taganrog.

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Aleksei Brusilov

Aleksei Alekseevich Brusilov (Алексе́й Алексе́евич Бруси́лов; – 17 March 1926) was a Russian general most noted for the development of new offensive tactics used in the 1916 Brusilov Offensive, which was his greatest achievement.

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Aleksei Ilyich Kravchenko

Aleksei Ilyich Kravchenko (1889, Pokrovskaya Sloboda, Saratov region, Russia - 1940 Moscow, Russia) was a Russian painter, illustrator, draughtsman and printmaker.

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Alexander Bashilov

Alexander Alexandrovich Bashilov (Александр Александрович Башилов) (August 31, 1777 in Hlukhiv - December 31, 1847 in Moscow) was a Russian general officer of Napoleonic Wars period, later engaged in urban planning of Moscow and its suburbs.

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Alexander Chizhevsky

Alexander Chizhevsky Алекса́ндр Леони́дович Чиже́вский (also Aleksandr Leonidovich Tchijevsky) (7 February 1897 – 20 December 1964) was a Soviet-era interdisciplinary scientist, a biophysicist who founded "heliobiology" (study of the sun’s effect on biology) and "aero-ionization" (study of effect of ionization of air on biological entities).

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Alexander Gettler

Alexander Oscar Gettler (August 13, 1883 – August 4, 1968) was a toxicologist with the Office of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York (OCME) between 1918 and 1959, and the first forensic chemist to be employed in this capacity by a U.S. city.

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Alexander Gorbatov

Alexander Vasilyevich Gorbatov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Горба́тов) (21 March 1891 – 7 December 1973) was a Russian and Soviet officer who served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army during the First World War and as a Colonel-General in the Red Army during the Second World War.

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Alexander von Linsingen

Alexander Adolf August Karl von Linsingen (10 February 1850 – 5 June 1935) was a German general during World War I.

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Alexander Wagner

Alexander (Aleksander) Wagner (7 August 1868 – 1942) was a Polish chess correspondence master and theoretician.

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Alexander Wassilko von Serecki

Baron Alexander Wassilko von Serecki (December 17, 1827, Berhometh, Austria – August 20, 1893, Lopuszna (Lăpușna), Austria-Hungary), descendent of an old Moldavian boyar family, was an Austro-Hungarian-born ethnic Romanian statesman, Landeshauptmann of the Duchy of Bukovina and member of the Herrenhaus, the Upper House of the Imperial Council of Austria.

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Alfred Aberdam

Alfred Aberdam (1894–1963) was a painter of School of Paris, born in Lviv, capital of Galicia, Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Alfred Józef Potocki

Count Alfred Józef Potocki (29 July 1817 or 1822, Łańcut - 18 May 1889, Paris) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), landowner, and a liberal-conservative monarchist Austrian politician and Prime Minister.

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Alfred Wojciech Potocki

Count Alfred Wojciech Potocki hr.

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Alfred Zachariewicz

Alfred Zachariewicz (26 August 1871 – 11 July 1937), was a Polish architect.

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Ali Çetinkaya

Ali Çetinkaya, also known as "Kel" Ali Bey (1878 – 21 February 1949) was an Ottoman-born Turkish army officer and politician who served eight terms in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, including a period in 1939–40 as his country's first Minister of Transport.

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All-Russian nation

The All-Russian nation (obshcherusskiy narod), also known as the pan-Russian nation or the triune Russian nation (triyedinyy russkiy narod) is a Russophile and Russian irredentist ideology which sees the Russian nation as comprising the three historical and geographic regions of Kievan Rus' (Great Russia, Little Russia and White Russia) and branches of Rus' people, which include modern East Slavs (namely, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians), rather than only modern Russia and ethnic Russians.

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Allies of World War I

The Allies of World War I, or Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers in the First World War.

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Alter Kacyzne

Alter Kacyzne (31 May 1885 in Vilnius, Russian Empire – 7 July 1941 in Ternopil, General Government for the Occupied Polish Territories) was a Jewish (Yiddish) writer, poet and photographer.

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American Jewish cuisine

American Jewish cuisine comprises the food, cooking, and dining customs associated with American Jews.

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American Jews

American Jews, or Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, whether by religion, ethnicity or nationality.

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Anarchism and Orthodox Judaism

This article describes some views of notable Orthodox Jewish figures who supported anarchism, as well as various themes within the scope of the Orthodox Jewish tradition or among the practicing Orthodox Jews that are generally considered important from the anarchist worldview.

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András Hadik

Count András Hadik de Futak (Andreas Reichsgraf Hadik von Futak; futaki Hadik András gróf; Andrej Hadík; October 16, 1710 – March 12, 1790) was a Hungarian nobleman and Field MarshalDarrell Berg (editor): The Correspondence of Christian Gottfried Krause: A Music Lover in the Age Sensibility, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2009 of the Habsburg Army.

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Andreas Karaczay

Andreas Karaczay de Vályeszáka or Andreas Karaiczay de Wallje Szaka or András Karacsaj de Válje-Szaka (30 November 1744 – 22 March 1808) served in the Austrian army beginning in the Seven Years' War.

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Andrew of Galicia

Andriy II Yuriyevych or Andrew of Galicia (Андрій II Юрієвич) (unknown – 1323) was the last Rus' king of Galicia-Volhynia in 1308–1323 (according to other sources since 1315).

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Andrew Roborecki

Bishop Andrew J. Roborecki (Андрій Роборецький; 12 December 1910 in Velyki Mosty, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day in Sokal Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) – 24 October 1982 in Toronto, Canada) was a Ukrainian-born Canadian Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch.

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Andriy Atanasovych Melnyk

Andriy Melnyk (Андрій Ме́льник) (December 12, 1890 – November 1, 1964) was a Ukrainian military and political leader.

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Andriy Sadovyi

Andrii Ivanovych Sadovyi (Андрій Іванович Садовий, Andríj Ivanovych Sadovýj) is a Ukrainian politician.

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Andrychów

Andrychów (list, list, hist. also Andrychau) is the largest town in Wadowice County in southern Poland, in Little Beskids, in historical region Lesser Poland, with 22,257 inhabitants.

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Andrzej Grzegorczyk

Andrzej Grzegorczyk (22 August 1922 – 20 March 2014) was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher, and ethicist noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic, and the foundations of mathematics.

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Andrzej Kusionowicz Grodyński

Andrzej Kusionowicz Grodyński (22 October 186124 July 1925), baptized as Andrzej Szymon Kusionowicz, was a Polish lawyer who worked as a Silesian circuit judge based in Cieszyn for much of his career.

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Andrzej Stasiuk

Andrzej Stasiuk (born 25 September 1960 in Warsaw, Poland) is one of the most successful and internationally acclaimed contemporary Polish writers, journalists and literary critics.

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Anny Ondra

Anny Ondra (15 May 1903 – 28 February 1987) was a Czech film actress.

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Antes (people)

The Antes or Antae (Áνται) were an early Slavic tribal polity which existed in the 6th century lower Danube and northwestern Black Sea region (modern-day Moldova and central Ukraine).

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Anthony Hlynka

Anthony Hlynka (May 28, 1907 – April 25, 1957) was a Canadian journalist, publisher, immigration activist and politician.

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Anthony Petrushevych

Anthony Petrushevych (January 18, 1821 – September 23, 1913) (Петруше́вич Анто́ній Степа́нович) was a Ukrainian and Polish historian, linguist, researcher of the history of Galicia, a priest of the UGCC.

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Anti-Ukrainian sentiment

Anti-Ukrainian sentiment or Ukrainophobia is animosity towards Ukrainians, Ukrainian culture, language or Ukraine as a nation.

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Anton Aškerc

Anton Aškerc (9 January 1856 – 10 June 1912) was an ethnic Slovene poet and Roman Catholic priest who worked in Austria, best known for his epic poems.

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Anton Ehrenzweig

Anton Ehrenzweig (27 November 1908 – 5 December 1966) was an Austrian-born British theorist on modern art and modern music.

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Anton Günther

Anton Günther (17 November 1783, Lindenau, Bohemia (now part of Cvikov, Czech Republic) – 24 February 1863, Vienna) was an Austrian Roman Catholic philosopher whose work was condemned by the church as heretical tritheism.

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Anton Rehmann

Antoni Rehman aka Anton Rehman (13 May 1840 Kraków – 13 January 1917 Lwow, Galicia) was a Polish geographer, geomorphologist, botanist and explorer.

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Antoni Jakubski

Antoni Władysław Jakubski (1885–1962) was a Polish zoologist and explorer.

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Antonietta Brandeis

Antonietta Brandeis (also known as Antonie Brandeisova and Antonio Brandeis) (1848–1926), was a Czech-born Italian landscape, genre and portrait painter, as well as a painter of religious subjects for altarpieces.

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April 1915

The following events occurred in April 1915.

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April 29

No description.

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Archdiocese of Halyč

Archdiocese of Halyč may refer to the following Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdictions in Slavic Galicia with archiepiscopal (co-)see at Halych, western Ukraine.

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Archduchess Eleonora of Austria

Archduchess Eleonora of Austria (28 November 1886 – 26 May 1974) was a daughter of Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria and a first cousin of King Alphonso XIII of Spain.

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Archduchess Immaculata of Austria

Archduchess Immaculata of Austria Inmmaculata, Erzherzogin von Österreich-Toskana;(9 September 1892 – 3 September 1971) was a daughter of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria.

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Archduchess Margaretha of Austria

Archduchess Margaretha of Austria (Margaretha, Erzherzogin von Österreich-Toskana;(8 May 1894 – 21 January 1986) was a daughter of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria and Infanta Blanca of Spain. She was member of the Tuscan branch of the Imperial House of Habsburg, an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany by birth. After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, she lived in exile, first in Barcelona and from the 1930s until the end of her life in Italy. In 1937, she married an Italian diplomat, Marchese Francesco Maria Taliani de Marchio. The couple, who had married in their forties, did not have children.McIntosh, The Unknown Habsburgs, p. 53.

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Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria

Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (Erzherzog Karl Stephan von Österreich, Arcyksiążę Karol Stefan Habsburg; 5 September 1860 – 7 April 1933) was a member of the House of Habsburg, a Grand Admiral in the Austro-Hungarian Navy and candidate for the Polish crown.

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Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este

Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este (25 April 1781 – 5 November 1850) was the third son of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and of his wife Princess Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este, last member and heiress of the House of Este.

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Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria

Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria, in Italian Francesco Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Ferdinando Carlo Leopoldo Antonio di Padova Giovanni Battista Gennaro Lodovico Gonzaga Raniero Benedetto Bernardo, in German Franz Salvator Maria Joseph Ferdinand Karl Leopold Anton von Padua Johann Baptist Januarius Aloys Gonzaga Rainer Benedikt Bernhard (Altmünster, 21 August 1866 – Vienna, 20 April 1939), was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg.

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Archduke Joseph August of Austria

Archduke Joseph August Viktor Klemens Maria of Austria, Prince of Hungary and Bohemia (9 August 1872 – 6 July 1962) was a Feldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Austro-Hungarian Army and for a short period head of state of Hungary.

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Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria

Archduke Peter Ferdinand Salvator Karl Ludwig Maria Joseph Leopold Anton Rupert Pius Pancraz of Austria, Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Prince of Tuscany) (12 May 1874, Salzburg, Austria-Hungary – 8 November 1948, St. Gilgen, Salzburg, Austria) was an Austro-Hungarian archduke and an army commander in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He was also the titular Grand Duke of Tuscany from 2 May 1921 to 8 November 1948.

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Archduke Rainer of Austria (1895–1930)

Archduke Rainer of Austria Rainer, Erzherzog von Österreich-Toskana; (21 November 1895 – 25 May 1930) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, a member of the Tuscan branch of the Imperial House of Habsburg, an Archduke of Austria and Prince of Tuscany by birth.

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Archduke Wilhelm of Austria

Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria, later Wilhelm Franz von Habsburg-Lothringen (10 February 1895 – 18 August 1948), also known as Basil the Embroidered (Vasyl Vyshyvani), was an Austrian archduke, a colonel of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, and a poet.

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Archibald Douglas (1883–1960)

Count Wilhelm Archibald Douglas (19July 1883 – 5July 1960) was a Swedish Army lieutenant general and nobleman who served as Chief of the Army from 1944 to 1948.

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Areas annexed by Nazi Germany

There were many areas annexed by Nazi Germany both immediately before and throughout the course of World War II.

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Argentines of European descent

European Argentines belong to several communities which trace their origins to various migrations from Europe, and which have contributed to the country's cultural and demographic variety.

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Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue

The Ashkenazi Ari Synagogue, located in Safed, Israel, was built in memory of Rabbi Isaac Luria (1534 - 1572), who was known by the Hebrew acronym "the ARI".

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Arieh Sharon

Arieh Sharon (אריה שרון; May 28, 1900 – July 24, 1984) was an Israeli architect and winner of the Israel Prize for Architecture in 1962.

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Armenian alphabet

The Armenian alphabet (Հայոց գրեր Hayoc' grer or Հայոց այբուբեն Hayoc' aybowben; Eastern Armenian:; Western Armenian) is an alphabetical writing system used to write Armenian.

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Armenian Catholic Church

The Armenian Catholic Church (translit; Ecclesia armeno-catholica), improperly referred to as the Armenian Uniate Church, is one of the Eastern particular churches sui iuris of the Catholic Church.

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Armenians in Austria

Armenians in Austria refers to ethnic Armenians living in Austria.

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Armenians in Poland

Armenians in Poland have an important and historical presence going back to the 14th century.

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Armenians in Ukraine

Armenians in Ukraine are ethnic Armenians who live in Ukraine.

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Army Group North Ukraine

The Army Group North Ukraine (Heeresgruppe Nordukraine) was a major ground force formation of the German armed forces.

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Arnold Perlmutter

Arnold Perlmutter (1859–1953) was a composer for Yiddish theatre, born in Zlotshev, Galitsia.

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Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910.

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Arthur Arz von Straußenburg

Generaloberst Arthur Freiherr Arz von Straußenburg (16 June 1857 – 1 July 1935) was an Austro-Hungarian Colonel General and last Chief of the General Staff of the Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Arthur Berson

Arthur Josef Stanislaus Berson (6 August 1859 – 3 December 1942) was a German meteorologist and pioneer of aerology who was a native of Neu Sandez, Galicia (now Nowy Sącz, Poland).

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Arthur Greiser

Arthur Karl Greiser (22 January 1897 – 21 July 1946) was a Nazi German politician, SS-Obergruppenführer and Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of the German-occupied territory of Wartheland.

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Arthur Kober

Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter.

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Arthur Kornberg

Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" together with Dr.

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Arthur Murray

Arthur Murray (born Moses Teichman, April 4, 1895 – March 3, 1991) was an American ballroom dancer and businessman, whose name is most often associated with the dance studio chain that bears his name.

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Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller

Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller (1745 – 1812) (אריה לייב בן יוסף הכהן הלר) was a Rabbi, Talmudist, and Halachist in Galicia.

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Askari

An askari was a local soldier serving in the armies of the European colonial powers in Africa, particularly in the African Great Lakes, Northeast Africa and Central Africa.

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Asriel Günzig

Asriel Günzig (also known as Azriel Günzig, Ezriel Günzig, Israel Günzig, Izrael Günzig, or J. Günzig) (עזריאל גינציג) was a rabbi, scholar, bookseller, editor and writer.

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Association of Law Students' Library of the Jagiellonian University

Association of Law Students’ Library of the Jagiellonian University (pol. Towarzystwo Biblioteki Słuchaczów Prawa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego – TBSP UJ) is the oldest and one of the biggest student scientific associations in Poland.

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Astacus

Astacus (from the Greek αστακός, astacós, meaning "lobster" or "crayfish") is a genus of crayfish found in Europe and western Asia, comprising three extant and four extinct, fossil species.

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Astacus leptodactylus

Astacus leptodactylus, the Danube crayfish, Galician crayfish, Turkish crayfish or narrow-clawed crayfish is a species of crayfish imported and introduced to Central Europe in 19th century from the Caspian Sea region.

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August 1914

The following events occurred in August 1914.

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August von Fligely

August von Fligely (26 September 1810 – 12 April 1879) was an Austrian officer and cartographer.

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August von Mackensen

Anton Ludwig August von Mackensen (6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), born August Mackensen, was a German field marshal.

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Augustus III of Poland

Augustus III (August III Sas, Augustas III; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1734 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire from 1733 until 1763 where he was known as Frederick Augustus II (Friedrich August II).

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Austeria

Austeria (aka The Inn) is a Polish feature film directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz, produced by Zespół Filmowy "Kadr" and released in 1983.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Austria–Ukraine relations

Austria–Ukraine relations (Українсько-австрійські відносини, Osterreich-Ukraina Beziehungen) are foreign relations between Austria and Ukraine.

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Austrian nationality law

Nationality law (German: Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetz) in the Republic of Austria is based on the principle of jus sanguinis.

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Austrian Parliament Building

The Austrian Parliament Building (Parlamentsgebäude, colloquially das Parlament) in Vienna is where the two houses of the Austrian Parliament conduct their sessions.

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Austrians

Austrians (Österreicher) are a Germanic nation and ethnic group, native to modern Austria and South Tyrol that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history.

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Austro-Hungarian Army

The Austro-Hungarian Army (Landstreitkräfte Österreich-Ungarns; Császári és Királyi Hadsereg) was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918.

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Austro-Polish War

The Austro-Polish War or Polish-Austrian War was a part of the War of the Fifth Coalition in 1809 (a coalition of the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against Napoleon's French Empire and Bavaria).

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Avraham Sharon

Avraham Sharon (אברהם שרון; September 10, 1878 – October 17, 1957) was an Israeli philosopher, musician, scholar and publicist.

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Avraham Yissachar Dov Rabinowicz

Avraham Yissachar Dov Hakohen Rabinowicz (also Avraham Yissachar Ber Rabinowicz, Rabinowitz, Rabinowich, or Rabinovitch) (November 15, 1843 – September 5, 1892) was the second Rebbe of the Radomsk Hasidic dynasty.

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Azara, Misiones

Azara (Misiones) is a village and municipality in Misiones Province in north-eastern Argentina.

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Ádám Récsey

Baron Ádám Récsey de Récse (récsei báró Récsey Ádám, Adam Retsey von Retse; 10 February 1775 – 26 October 1852) was a Hungarian general, joined the army of Habsburg Monarchy, and briefly a politician who was appointed illegally as the Prime Minister of Hungary by King Ferdinand V during the Revolution of 1848, serving in this capacity from 3 October to 7 October 1848.

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Árpád Pédery

Árpád Pédery (February 1, 1891 in Budapest – October 21, 1914 in Luzsek, Galicia) was a Hungarian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

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Árva County

Árva County (Árva vármegye, Comitatus Arvensis, Oravská stolica/župa, Komitat Arwa, Komitat Orawa) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary since the 14th century until 1918/1920.

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Łupków Pass

Łupków Pass or Lupkov Pass (Przełęcz Łupkowska, Lupkovský priesmyk) is a significant mountain pass in the Carpathian Mountains on the border between Poland and Slovakia, and close to the western border of Ukraine.

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Şahin Bey

Mehmed Said (1877, Gaziantep, Aleppo Vilayet – 28 March 1920), better known as Şahin Bey, was the commander of the Turkish revolutionaries that were stationed in the city of Gaziantep during the Turkish War of Independence.

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Żabcze

Żabcze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dołhobyczów, within Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

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Żabno

Żabno is a town and municipality on the river Dunajec in southern Poland, north of Tarnów.

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Żary, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Żary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzeszowice, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Żurawce

Żurawce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubycza Królewska, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

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Życie

Życie was an illustrated weekly established in 1897 and published in Kraków and Lwów in the Austrian partition of Poland.

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Babi Yar

Babi Yar (Бабин Яр, Babyn Yar; Бабий Яр, Babiy Yar) is a ravine in the Ukrainian capital Kiev and a site of massacres carried out by German forces and by local Ukrainian collaborators during their campaign against the Soviet Union in World War II.

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Badeni

Badeni is the name of a Polish aristocratic family.

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Bandinelli Palace

Bandinelli Palace (Palazzo Bandinelli; Палац Бандінеллі; Kamienica Bandinellich we Lwowie) is a late Renaissance townhouse (kamienica) facing Market Square in Lviv, Ukraine.

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Baranów Sandomierski

Baranów Sandomierski is a small town in southern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodship, Tarnobrzeg County on the Vistula River, with 1,440 inhabitants (02.06.2009).

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Barbra Streisand

Barbara Joan "Barbra" Streisand (born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker.

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Baruch Fränkel-Teomim

Baruch ben Yehoshua Yechezkel Feivel Fränkel-Te'omim, Boruch Frankel Thumim (1760–1828) was a rabbi, Talmudist at Vishnitsa, Austrian Galicia, and at Leipnik, Moravia, during the 1st half of the 19th century.

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Basil Ladyka

Archbishop Basil Volodymyr Ladyka, O.S.B.M. (Василь Володимир Ладика; 2 August 1884 in Drohobych, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) – 1 September 1956 in Winnipeg, Canada) was a Ukrainian-born Canadian Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch.

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Bastarnae

The Bastarnae (Latin variants: Bastarni, or Basternae; Βαστάρναι or Βαστέρναι) were an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the Carpathian mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia.

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Batiar

Batiar (also sometimes spelled as baciar), a popular name for a certain class of inhabitants of the formerly Polish city of Lwów.

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Battle of Asiago

The Battle of Asiago (Battle of the Plateaux) or the Trentino Offensive (in Italian: Battaglia degli Altipiani), nicknamed Strafexpedition ("Punitive expedition") by the Austrians, was a counteroffensive launched by the Austro-Hungarians on the Italian Front on 15 May 1916, during World War I. It was an unexpected attack that took place near Asiago in the province of Vicenza (now in northeast Italy, then on the Italian side of the border between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary) after the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo (March 1916).

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Battle of Austerlitz

The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Ławica

The Battle of Lawica was one of battles of the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19).

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Battle of Łowczówek

Battle of Łowczówek was a battle during World War I, fought on 22–25 December 1914 at Łowczówek, between the First Brigade of the Polish Legions, fighting for Austria-Hungary, and troops of Imperial Russia.

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Battle of Beersheba (1917)

The Battle of Beersheba (Birüssebi Muharebesi, Schlacht von Birüssebi)The several battles fought for the Gaza to Beersheba line between 31 October and 7 November were all assigned the title Third Battle of Gaza, although they took place many miles apart, and were fought by different corps.

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Battle of Borowe Młyny

The Battle of Borowe Mlyny, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on April 16, 1863, near the village of Borowe Mlyny in southeastern part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Brześć Litewski

The Battle of Brześć Litewski (also known as the Siege of Brześć, Battle of Brest-Litovsk or simply Battle of Brześć) was a World War II battle involving German and Polish forces that took place between 14 and 17 September 1939, near the town of Brześć Litewski (now Brest, Belarus).

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Battle of Chroberz

The Battle of Chroberz, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on March 17, 1863, near the village of Chroberz in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Dürenstein

The Battle of Dürenstein (Schlacht bei Dürnstein; also known as Dürrenstein, Dürnstein and Diernstein), on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition.

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Battle of Dunajetz

The Battles of Dunajetz occurred in May 1915 as part of the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive during World War I. They were fought between the Russians (who were camped out along the line of the Dunajec river, the right tributary of the Vistula) and a force led by German General August von Mackensen to push the Russians out of Galicia and Vistula land (what is now Poland).

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Battle of Fajsławice

The Battle of Fajslawice, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on August 24, 1863, near the village of Fajslawice, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Galicia

The Battle of Galicia, also known as the Battle of Lemberg, was a major battle between Russia and Austria-Hungary during the early stages of World War I in 1914.

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Battle of Gnila Lipa

The Battle of Gnila Lipa took place early in the World War I on 29–30 August 1914, when the Imperial Russian Army invaded Galicia and engaged the defending Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Battle of Grunwald

The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.

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Battle of Hareira and Sheria

The Battle of Hareira and Sheria was fought on 6–7 November 1917 when the Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacked and captured the Yildirim Army Group's defensive systems protecting Hareira and Sheria in the centre of the Gaza to Beersheba line, during the Southern Palestine Offensive of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in World War I. These defensive systems, which had successfully repelled frontal attacks during the Second Battle of Gaza, became vulnerable, after a six months' stalemate, to a flanking manoeuvre by the XX Corps on 6 November.

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Battle of Huta Krzeszowska

The Battle of Huta Krzeszowska was one of many clashes of the January Uprising.

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Battle of Igołomia

The Battle of Igolomia, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on March 21, 1863, near the village of Igolomia in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Kobylanka

The Battle of Kobylanka, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on May 1 and May 6, 1863, in the Kobylanka Forest, located near the village of Borowiec, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Kock (1939)

The Battle of Kock was the final battle in the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II in Europe.

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Battle of Komorów

The Battle of Komorow, one of many clashes of the January Uprising, took place on June 20, 1863, near the village of Komorow (now Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship), which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Kowel

The Battle of Kowel (also known as the Battle of Kovel or the Battle of Kovel-Stanislav) took place during World War I, from 24 July to 8 August 1916.

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Battle of Krechowce

The Battle of Krechowce (Polish: Bitwa pod Krechowcami) took place on 24 July 1917, during World War I. Polish uhlans, who fought in the Imperial Russian Army, were ordered to halt the advance of German Army, which tried to capture the city of Stanisławów, located at that time in Austrian Galicia.

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Battle of Lemberg (1918)

Battle of Lemberg (Lviv, Lwów) (in Polish historiography called Defense of Lwów) begun on 1 November 1918 and lasted till May 1919 and was a six months long conflict between the attacking forces of the West Ukrainian People's Republic and local Polish civilian population assisted later by regular Polish Army forces for the control over the city of Lviv (Lwów, Lemberg), in what was then eastern part of Galicia and now is western part of Ukraine.

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Battle of Limanowa

The Battle of Limanowa took place from 1 December to 13 December 1914, between the Austro-Hungarian Army and the Russian Army near the town of Limanowa (south-east of Kraków).

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Battle of Lutsk

The Battle of Lutsk took place during World War I, from June 4 to June 6, 1916.

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Battle of Miropol

The Battle of Miropol took place on May 16–17, 1863, near the town of Miropol, Volhynia, Russian Empire, during the January Uprising.

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Battle of Mołotków

The Battle of Mołotków (Polish: Bitwa pod Mołotkowem) took place on October 29, 1914, near the village of Mołotków (Molotkiv), Austrian Galicia (current Ukraine).

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Battle of Nagysalló

The Battle of Nagysalló was fought on 19 April 1849, was one of the battles of the Spring Campaign in the Hungarian War of Independence from 1848–1849, fought between the Habsburg Empire and the Hungarian Revolutionary Army.

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Battle of Passchendaele

The Battle of Passchendaele (Flandernschlacht, Deuxième Bataille des Flandres), also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire.

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Battle of Pieskowa Skała

The Battle of Pieskowa Skala, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on March 4, 1863, near Pieskowa Skala in southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Podhajce (1667)

The Battle of Podhajce (October 6–16, 1667) was fought in the town of Podhajce in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (nowadays Pidhaitsi, western Ukraine), and the area surrounding it as part of the Polish-Tartar War and the Great Turkish War.

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Battle of Przemyśl (1918)

The Battle of Przemyśl - a struggle for the control over the city of Przemyśl in former Austro-Hungarian Galicia and local river crossings on the San river, between Ukrainian and Polish militias and regular troops, from 2 to 12 November 1918, during the Polish-Ukrainian War.

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Battle of Pyliavtsi

Battle of Pyliavtsi (Пилявцi; Piławce); September 23, 1648) was the third significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Pyliava, which at that time belonged to the Kingdom of Poland, and now lies in central-western Ukraine, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces met a numerically superior force of Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Tugay Bey. The Commonwealth forces were dealt a third consecutive defeat.

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Battle of Radzymin (1809)

The Battle of Radzymin took place on April 25, 1809 during the brief Polish–Austrian War.

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Battle of Rafajlowa

The Battle of Rafajlowa took place in the night of January 23–24, 1915, during World War I. The 2nd Brigade, Polish Legions, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Army repelled a night raid of the Russian Imperial Army, which was aimed at blocking all passes through Gorgany mountain range in Eastern Carpathians.

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Battle of Ramales

The Battle of Ramales, a battle of the First Carlist War, occurred at Ramales in Cantabria on May 12, 1839.

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Battle of Rawa

Battle of Rawa (also written as -Rava, -Rawa-Ruska, -Rava-Ruska, or -Rava-Russka) was an early stage World War I battle between Austria-Hungary and Russia, between September 3–11, 1914.

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Battle of Salicha

The Battle of Salicha was a clash between Polish insurgent forces and units of the Imperial Russian Army during the January Uprising.

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Battle of Sharon

The Battle of Sharon fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, began the set piece Battle of Megiddo half a day before the Battle of Nablus, in which large formations engaged and responded to movements by the opposition, according to pre-existing plans, in the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. The fighting took place over a wide area from the Mediterranean Sea east to the Rafat salient in the Judean Hills.

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Battle of Skała

The Battle of Skala, one of many skirmishes of the January Uprising, took place on 5 March 1863 near the town of Skała in the southwestern corner of Russian-controlled Congress Poland.

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Battle of Tabsor

The Battle of Tabsor was fought on 19–20 September 1918 beginning the Battle of Sharon, which along with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought between 19 and 25 September in the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe

The Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe, part of the Southern Palestine Offensive, began on 1 November 1917, the day after the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) victory at the Battle of Beersheba during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. After the Stalemate in Southern Palestine a series of coordinated attacks were launched by British Empire units on the Ottoman Empire's German commanded Yildirim Army Group's front line, which stretched from Gaza inland to Beersheba.

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Battle of Teugen-Hausen

The Battle of Teugen-Hausen or the Battle of Thann was an engagement that occurred during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Wagram

The Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809) was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon I's French and allied army against the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen.

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Battle of Zaleszczyki

The Battle of Zaleszczyk was an armed insurrection in Zalishchyky (At the time known by its Polish name of "Zaleszczyk") by Galician insurgents against Austrian soldiers during the Austro-Polish War on June 18, 1809.

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Battle of Zawichost

The Battle of Zawichost (1205) was a battle fought between Roman the Great of Galicia-Volhynia and Leszek I the White of Lesser Poland, along with his brother, Konrad I of Masovia.

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Batu Khan

Batu Khan (Бат хаан, Bat haan, Бату хан, Bá dū, хан Баты́й, Μπατού; c. 1207–1255), also known as Sain Khan (Good Khan, Сайн хаан, Sayn hân) and Tsar Batu, was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire.

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Bălți

Bălți (Belz, Bielce, Бельцы,, Бєльці,, בעלץ) is a city in Moldova.

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Błażowa

Błażowa (בלאזשאוו) is a town in Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland, with a population of 2,121 inhabitants (02.06.2009).

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Beaver Hills (Saskatchewan)

--> The Beaver Hills are a range of hills located in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.

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Bełżec, Lublin Voivodeship

Bełżec is a village in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Belgian Expeditionary Corps in Russia

The Belgian Expeditionary Corps of Armoured Cars in Russia (Corps Expeditionnaire des Autos-Canons-Mitrailleuses Belges en Russie) was a Belgian military formation during the First World War which was sent to Russia to fight the German Army on the Eastern Front.

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Belz

Belz (Белз; Bełz ; בעלז &thinsp) is a small city in Sokal Raion of Lviv Oblast (region) of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Rzeczyca stream.

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Belz Voivodeship

Bełz Voivodeship (Województwo bełskie, Palatinatus Belzensis) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1462 to the Partitions of Poland in 1772–1795.

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Ben Stiller

Benjamin Edward Meara Stiller (born November 30, 1965) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and director.

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Ben-Zion Witler

Ben-Zion Witler (1907–1961), also Ben-Tsion Vitler, BenZion Wittler, was a Jewish singer, actor, coupletist, comedian and composer.

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Benedict, son of Korlát

Benedict, son of Korlát (Korlát fia Benedek; died after 1221) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman, who served as voivode of Transylvania twice, from 1202 to 1206 and 1208 to 1209.

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Benjamin Fondane

Benjamin Fondane or Benjamin Fundoianu (born Benjamin Wechsler, Wexler or Vecsler, first name also Beniamin or Barbu, usually abridged to B.; November 14, 1898 – October 2, 1944) was a Romanian and French poet, critic and existentialist philosopher, also noted for his work in film and theater.

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Benjamin M. Bloch

Benjamin Marcus Bloch (בנימין מרכוס בלוך, (April 1, 1900 – April 26, 1959 Weizmann Wonder Wander magazine, February 27, 2012.) was an Israeli physicist, known mainly for his work at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

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Benjamin Murmelstein

Benjamin Israel Murmelstein (9 June 1905 – 27 October 1989) was an Austrian rabbi.

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Benno Straucher

Benno or Beno Straucher (August 11, 1854 – November 5, 1940) was a Bukovina-born Austro-Hungarian lawyer, politician and Jewish community representative, who spent the final part of his career in Romania.

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Benzion Freshwater

Benzion Shalom Eliezer Freshwater (born 1948) is a British billionaire property investor of Haredi Jewish descent.

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Berdyhiv

Berdyhiv (Бердихів) – a village (selo) in the Lviv Oblast (province), Yavoriv Raion of Western Ukraine.

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Berechiah Berak ben Isaac Eisik Shapira

Berechiah Berak ben Isaac Eisik Shapira (died 1664) was a Galician preacher who was educated by Nathan Shapira, rabbi of Cracow, and was appointed preacher of that city, where he spent most of his life.

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Bereg County

Bereg (Береґ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Berek Joselewicz

Berek Joselewicz (September 17, 1764 – May 15, 1809) was a Jewish-Polish merchant and a colonel of the Polish Army during the Kościuszko Uprising.

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Berezhany

Berezhany (Бережани, Brzeżany, Brezhan, בּז'יז'אני/בּז'ז'ני Bzhezhani/Bzhizhani) is a city of regional significance located in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.

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Berezhany Raion

The Berezhany Raion (Бережанський район) is a raion (district) in the westernmost corner of Ternopil Oblast (province) in western Ukraine, area traditionally known as Halychyna (Galicia).

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Bernard Drachman

Rabbi Dr.

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Bernard Siegel (actor)

Bernard Siegel (April 19, 1868 – July 9, 1940) was an Austro-Hungarian born American character actor, whose career spanned both the silent film era, as well as carrying over into the beginning of sound pictures.

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Berta Lask

Berta Lask (17 November 1878 – 28 March 1967) was a German writer, playwright and journalist.

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Bertha Kalich

Bertha Kalich (also spelled Kalish; 17 May 1874 – 18 April 1939) was a Jewish American actress, born in Lemberg, Galicia (now Lviv, Ukraine).

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Berthold Müller-Oerlinghausen

Berthold Müller-Oerlinghausen (10 February 1893 in Oerlinghausen as Berthold Müller – 22 June 1979 in Kressbronn) was a German sculptor.

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Bertold Eisner

Bertold Eisner (1875 - 1956) was a Croatian Jewish law professor at the University of Zagreb, pioneer of the Croatian Jurisprudence and writer.

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Bielsko-Biała Museum and Castle

The Bielsko-Biała Museum is a museum for the city of Bielsko-Biała, Poland located in the historical Bielsko Castle.

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Bieszczady Forest Railway

Bieszczadzka Forest Railway (Polish: Bieszczadzka Kolejka Leśna, lit. Forest Light Railway of Bieszczady) is a narrow gauge railway built in a sparsely populated, forest region of Bieszczady Mountains.

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Billy Wilder

Samuel "Billy" Wilder (June 22, 1906March 27, 2002) was an Austrian-American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, artist, and journalist whose career spanned more than five decades.

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Binczarowa

Binczarowa (Білцарьова, Biltsariova; Більцарева, Bil’tsareva) is a village in southern Poland. It is parallel to the stream known as Binczarce.

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Blue Army (Poland)

The Blue Army (Polish: Błękitna Armia), or Haller's Army was a Polish military contingent created in France during the latter stages of World War I. The name came from the French-issued blue military uniforms worn by the soldiers.

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Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)

Bobov (or Bobover Hasidism) (חסידות באבוב) is a Hasidic community within Haredi Judaism originating in Bobowa, Galicia, in southern Poland, and now headquartered in the neighborhood of Borough Park in Brooklyn, New York.

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Bobov-45

Bobov-45 (Hebrew: 45-חסידות באבוב) is a Hasidic sect within Haredi Judaism.

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Bobowa

Bobowa (באבאוו, Bobov) is a town in the Gorlice County, Poland.

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Bochnia

Bochnia (German: Salzberg) is a town of 30,000 inhabitants on the river Raba in southern Poland.

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Bogdanowicz coat of arms

Bochdanowicz is a Polish coat of arms of various noble families in the Galicia region.

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Boguchwała

Boguchwała is a town in Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Bogumil Dawison

Bogumil Dawison (May 15, 1818February 1, 1872) was a German actor.

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Bogumil Vošnjak

Bogumil Vošnjak, also known as Bogomil Vošnjak (9 September 1882 – 18 June 1955), was a Slovene and Yugoslav jurist, politician, diplomat, author, and legal historian.

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Boh predvičnyj narodilsja

"Boh predvičnyj narodivsja" (from Бог предвічний народився) is an Ukrainian Christmas carol, which is translated into English as "Eternal God Born Tonight" or sometimes "Pre-eternal God Was Born." It focuses on the incarnation in the story of the nativity.

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Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Zynoviy Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian language: Ѕѣнові Богдан Хмелнiцкiи; modern Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky; Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; 6 August 1657) was a Polish–Lithuanian-born Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (now part of Ukraine).

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Boleń, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Boleń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zielonki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Bolesław Roja

Brig. Gen. Bolesław Jerzy Roja (4 April 1876 − 27 May 1940) was an officer of the Polish Legions in World War I, a general, and a politician in the Second Polish Republic, recipient of some of the highest Polish military awards including Virtuti Militari.

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Bolesław Wysłouch

Bolesław Wysłouch (1855–1937) was a Polish nobleman, peasant advocate, a socialist, a senator and co-establisher of the original Polish Peasants Party.

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Bolesław-Jerzy II

Bolesław-Jerzy II (1305/1310 – April 7, 1340) was a ruler of the Polish Piast dynasty who ruled the originally Ruthenian principality of Galicia.

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Boleslaw (given name)

Boleslaw, Bolesław, Boleslav or Boleslaus in Latin, is a male given name of Slavic origin meaning great glory.

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Border Protection Corps

The Border Protection Corps (Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza, KOP) was a Polish military formation that was created in 1924 to defend the country's eastern borders against armed Soviet incursions and local bandits.

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Boris Anrep

Boris Anrep (Борис Васильевич Анреп) (born Boris Vasilyevich Anrep; 27 September 1883 – 7 June 1969) was a Russian mosaicist active in Britain, who devoted himself to the art of mosaic.

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Boris Kozhin

Boris Kozhin or Borys Kozhyn (Борис Борисович Кожин); 25 October 1944) is the former Commander of the Ukrainian Navy (April 1992 – October 1993). He became the first commander of the revived Ukrainian Navy. Borys Kozhyn was born in Pskov in 1944 in a family of the World War II veteran who was repressed in 1947 and convicted for 25 years, but in 1956 rehabilitated. In 1959 Kozhyn family moved to Lutsk where lived relatives of Borys Kozhyn's mother. Borys' mother herself is from a small of Pidhaitsi (historical region of Halychyna). Upon finishing school in 1961 Kozhyn worked as a mechanic at the Lutsk vehicle maintenance factory. In 1963 he became a champion of Volyn, a vice-champion of Ukraine in cycling and won a bronze medal of the Spartakiad of Peoples of the USSR in road bicycle racing, competition for which in the framework of the spartakiad was taking place in Ternopil. In 1968 Kozhyn graduated the Frunze Naval College in Leningrad with specialty "Antisubmarine armament" as an electrical engineer. Upon graduation (August 1968 - November 1971) he was placed as a commander assistant and commander of an anti-submarine boat PR-201 (predecessor of Poti-class corvette) (military unit 99724) that was part of the Black Sea Fleet division of ships carrying out security of water district (дивизия кораблей ОВР, divizia korablei OVR) in Sevastopol. During that period he also served as a commander assistant of a patrol ship (сторожевой корабль) PR-159 (Petya-class frigate) (military unit 20935) in Donuzlav. In 1971-72 Kozhyn was an academic auditor of the Naval higher special officership classes, Leningrad. In 1972-75 he was a commander of a patrol ship PR-159 in Donuzlav and after that a chief of staff for a brigade of minesweepers (military unit 34234), Black Sea Fleet Naval base in Donuzlav. In 1978-80 Kozhyn was an academic auditor of the Grechko Naval Academy in Leningrad. After that he was a commander of security brigade of water district (military unit 26977), Black Sea Fleet Naval base in Sevastopol. In 1986-92 he served as a chief of staff – commander assistant of the Black Sea Fleet Naval base (military unit 99324) in Donuzlav. During that period in 1987-88 Kozhyn was a member of the Crimean regional council. In February – April 1992 Kozhyn was a commander of the Black Sea Fleet Crimean Naval base (today Southern Naval base) in Donuzlav. On 1 December 1991, the Crimean Naval base voted for the Ukrainian independence referendum with 93% of approval for independence.

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Borshchiv Raion

The Borshchiv Raion (translit. Borschivs’kyi raion) is a raion (a district within Ternopil Oblast (province) in western Ukraine, an area known as Galicia. The administrative center of the raion is Borshchiv.

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Borshchovychi

Borshchovychi (Борщовичі, Barszczowice) is a village in Pustomyty Raion of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine.

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Borys Martos

Borys Mykolayovych Martos (May 20, 1879 – September 19, 1977) — Ukrainian politician, pedagogue, economist.

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Bosutów

Bosutów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zielonki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Botho Sigwart zu Eulenburg

Sigwart Botho Philipp August zu Eulenburg, Count of Eulenburg (10 January 1884 in Munich – 2 June 1915 in Jasło) was the second son of Philip, Prince of Eulenburg (1847–1921) and his wife Auguste, born Countess of Sandels (1853–1941) and a German late romantic composer who fell in the First World War.

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Boykos

Boykos (Бойки, Bojkowie, Pujďáci), or simply Highlanders (verkhovyntsi) are a Ukrainian ethnographic group located in the Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland.

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Branimir Altgayer

Branimir Altgayer (born either 8 November 1897 in Przekopane, Galicia; or 8 December 1897 in Kutjevo, Slavonia – died 15 May 1950 (or 15 May 1951) in Zagreb) was a German minority leader in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Independent State of Croatia, and an SS officer during World War II.

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Breeches

Breeches are an article of clothing covering the body from the waist down, with separate coverings for each leg, usually stopping just below the knee, though in some cases reaching to the ankles.

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Broder singer

The Broderzinger or Broder singers, from Brody in Ukraine, were Jewish itinerant performers in Austrian Galicia, Romania, and Russia, professional or semiprofessional songwriters and performers,http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/printarticle.aspx?id.

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Bronisław Czech

Bronisław "Bronek" Czech (July 25, 1908 – June 4, 1944) was a Polish sportsman and artist.

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Bronislav Gimpel

Bronislav Gimpel (January 29, 1911 – May 1, 1979)The Penguin Dictionary of Musical Performers, by Arthur Jacobs, Viking, 1990, was a Polish-American violinist, and teacher.

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Bronko Nagurski

Bronislau "Bronko" Nagurski (November 3, 1908 – January 7, 1990) was a Canadian-born American football player in the National Football League (NFL), renowned for his strength and size.

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Bruno Olbrycht

Bruno Olbrycht (nom de guerre: Olza; 6 October 1895 – 23 March 1951) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army and officer (later general) of the Polish Army both in the Second Polish Republic and postwar Poland.

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Brusilov Offensive

The Brusilov Offensive (Брусиловский прорыв Brusilovskiĭ proryv, literally: "Brusilov's breakthrough"), also known as the "June Advance", of June to September 1916 was the Russian Empire’s greatest feat of arms during World War I, and among the most lethal offensives in world history.

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Brzesko

Brzesko (בריגעל, Brigel) is a town in southern Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

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Brzeszcze

Brzeszcze is a town in Oświęcim County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland, near Oświęcim.

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Brzozów

Brzozów (Березів, Bereziv; ברעזשוב Brezhov; lat. Brozovia, or Prozzow) is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 7,677 inhabitants (02.06.2009).

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Buchach

Buchach (Бучач; Buczacz; Betshotsh.or ביטשאטש (Bitshtosh); Buch'ach; Bucaş) is a town located on the Strypa River (a tributary of the Dniester) in Ternopil Oblast (province) of Western Ukraine.

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Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery

The Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery (Budapeşte Türk Şehitliği) is a burial ground of Ottoman soldiers in Hungary.

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Budowitz

Budowitz are a klezmer band incorporating 19th century instruments and themes from the folk music of Bessarabia, Galicia and Bukovina, into their music.

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Bugsy Siegel

Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel (February 28, 1906 – June 20, 1947) was an American mobster.

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Buków, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Buków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Haczów, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Bukovina

Bukovina (Bucovina; Bukowina/Buchenland; Bukowina; Bukovina, Буковина Bukovyna; see also other languages) is a historical region in Central Europe,Klaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 divided between Romania and Ukraine, located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains.

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Bukovina Germans

The Bukovina Germans are a German ethnic group who had a noteworthy demographic presence (spanning from 1780 to 1940) in the historic Central European region of Bukovina, which is nowadays divided between northeastern Romania and western Ukraine.

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Bukowina, Nisko County

Bukowina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulanów, within Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Bukowno

Bukowno is a town in Olkusz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 10,564 inhabitants (2008).

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Bukowsko

Bukowsko (בוקאווסק Bikofsk) is a village in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Bulgaria during World War I

The Kingdom of Bulgaria participated in World War I on the side of the Central Powers from 14 October 1915, when the country declared war on Serbia, until 30 September 1918, when the Armistice of Thessalonica came into effect.

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Busk, Ukraine

Busk (Буськ; Busk) is a city located in Busk Raion in Lviv Oblast (region) of western Ukraine.

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Bydgoszcz Canal

Bydgoszcz Canal (Bromberger Kanal) is a canal, 24.7 km long, between the cities of Bydgoszcz and Nakło in Poland, connecting Vistula river with Oder river, through Brda and Noteć rivers (the latter ending in the Warta river which itself ends in Oder).

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Byzantine army (Komnenian era)

The Byzantine army of the Komnenian era or Komnenian army was the force established by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos during the late 11th/early 12th century, and perfected by his successors John II Komnenos and Manuel I Komnenos during the 12th century.

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Byzantine Rite Christianity in Canada

Byzantine Rite Christianity in Canada refers to all Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic, and independent groups in Canada who use the Byzantine Rite.

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Calder, Saskatchewan

Calder is a village within the Rural Municipality of Calder No. 241, Saskatchewan, Canada.

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Call It Sleep

Call It Sleep is a 1934 novel by Henry Roth.

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Canadian Ukrainian

Canadian Ukrainian is a dialect of the Ukrainian language specific to the Ukrainian Canadian community descended from the first two waves of historical Ukrainian emigration to Western Canada.

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Carl Rubin (architect)

Carl Rubin (24 June 1899–7 February 1955) was an Israeli architect known for his work in the international style.

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Carlo Taube

Carlo Sigmund Taube (born 4 July 1897 in Galicia, died 1 October 1944 in Auschwitz-Birkenau) was a pianist, composer, conductor, and victim of the Holocaust.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.

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Carpathian Ruthenia

Carpathian Ruthenia, Carpatho-Ukraine or Zakarpattia (Rusyn and Карпатська Русь, Karpats'ka Rus' or Закарпаття, Zakarpattja; Slovak and Podkarpatská Rus; Kárpátalja; Transcarpatia; Zakarpacie; Karpatenukraine) is a historic region in the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast, with smaller parts in easternmost Slovakia (largely in Prešov Region and Košice Region) and Poland's Lemkovyna.

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Carpathian Sich

The Carpathian Sich were irregular soldiers of the short-lived state of Carpatho-Ukraine.

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Carpatho-Ukraine

Carpatho-Ukraine (Карпа́тська Украї́на, Karpats’ka Ukrayina) was an autonomous region within Czechoslovakia from late 1938 to March 15, 1939.

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Castle Risk

Castle Risk is a version of the board game Risk that is played on a map of Europe.

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Catholic People's Party (Poland)

The Catholic People's Party (Stronnictwo Katolicko-Ludowe, SKL) was a political party in Poland.

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Causes of the Franco-Prussian War

The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the German unification.

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Causes of the Polish–Soviet War

In the Polish–Soviet War of 1919-1921, Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine were in combat with the newly independent Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic.

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Cebularz

Cebularz, originating from Jewish cuisine, is a wheat dough pancake, with a diameter of 15-20 cm, topped with diced onion and poppy seed (15-20%), characteristic for Lublin cuisine.

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Cec Linder

Cec Linder (March 10, 1921 – April 10, 1992) was a Polish-born Canadian film and television actor.

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Cecilia Krieger

Cypra Cecilia Krieger-Dunaij (9 April 1894 – 17 August 1974) was an Austro-Hungarian (more specifically, Galician)-born mathematician of Jewish ancestry who lived and worked in Canada.

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Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów

The Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów (Cmentarz Obrońców Lwowa, Cmentarz Orląt, Cemetery of Eaglets, Orlat Cemetery) is a memorial and a burial place for the Poles and their allies who died in Lviv (Lwów) during the hostilities of the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War between 1918 and 1920.

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Center for Policy Studies in Ukraine

The Center for Policy Studies in Ukraine (Центр дослідження політики в Україні) is a non-governmental think tank in Ukraine, headquartered in Lviv.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.

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Centro Israelita do Paraná

The Centro Israelita do Paraná (Israeli Center of Paraná) is the main gathering place for Jews in the city of Curitiba, Brazil.

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Chaim Elozor Wax

Chaim Elozor WaxAlso spelled Waks or Wachs.

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Chaim Gross

Chaim Gross (March 17, 1904 – May 5, 1991) was an American sculptor and educator.

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Chaim Levanon

Chaim Levanon (1899–1986; חיים לבנון) was a Polish-born Israeli politician and mayor of Tel Aviv between 13 April 1953 and 1959.

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Chaim Yisroel Eiss

Chaim Yisroel Eiss (חיים ישראל אייז) (1876-1943) was an Agudath Israel activist and writer.

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Chaim Zhitlowsky

Chaim Zhitlowsky (Yiddish: חײם זשיטלאָװסקי; Хаим Осипович Житловский) (April 19, 1865 - May 6, 1943) was a Jewish socialist, philosopher, social and political thinker, writer and literary critic born in Ushachy, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Usachy Raion, Vitebsk Region, Belarus).

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Chanoch Dov Padwa

Rabbi Chanoch Dov Padwa (17 August 1908 – 16 August 2000) was a world-renowned Orthodox Jewish posek, Talmudist and rabbinic leader.

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Chararic (Suebian king)

Chararic or Chararich was the King of Galicia (c. 550 – 558/559) according to Gregory of Tours, who is the only primary source for a Suevic king of this name.

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Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc

Charles Eugène of Lorraine (25 September 1751 – 2 November 1825) was the head of and last male member of the House of Guise, the cadet branch of the House of Lorraine which dominated France during the Wars of Religion, remained prominent as princes étrangers at court throughout the ancien régime, and participated in the émigré efforts to restore the Bourbons to the throne.

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Chłopiatyn

Chłopiatyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dołhobyczów, within Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

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Chłopomania

Chłopomania or Khlopomanstvo (Хлопоманство) are historical and literary terms inspired by the Young Poland modernist movement and the Ukrainian Hromady.

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Chełm Land

Chełm Land (ziemia chełmska or Chełmszczyzna, Холмщина) is a historic region (ziemia) of eastern Poland and the adjacent areas of present-day Ukraine and Belarus.

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Chełmek

Chełmek is a town in Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland.

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Cheremkhiv

Cheremkhiv (Черемхів, טשערעמכיוו, Czeremchów), is a village in Kolomyia Raion in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

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Cheremosh River

The Cheremosh River is a river in western Ukraine, right-bank tributary of the river Prut.

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Cheremosh Ukrainian Dance Company

Cheremosh Ukrainian Dance Company (Український Танцювалний Ансамбль "Черемош"., translit. Ukrayinskiy Tantsyuvalniy Ansambl "Cheremosh") is a Ukrainian dance company based in Edmonton, Alberta and a leader of Ukrainian dance in Canada.

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Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi (Černivci; see also other names) is a city in western Ukraine, situated on the upper course of the River Prut.

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Chernivtsi Oblast

Chernivtsi Oblast (Чернівецька область, Černivećka oblasť, Regiunea Cernăuți) is an oblast (province) in western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the regions of Bukovina and Bessarabia.

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Chief Justice of Hungary

The chief justiceFallenbüchl 1988, p. 147.

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Chołodecki

Chołodecki (variously spelled as Cholodecki, Hołodecki, Holodecki) is the Polish surname of one of the noble (szlachta) families.

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Chortkov (Hasidic dynasty)

Chortkov (also Chortkow, Tshortkov, Czortkow) is a Hasidic dynasty that originated in Chortkov (Czortków), present-day Ukraine.

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Christian Social Movement in Ukraine

The Christian Social Movement in Ukraine was a political movement that existed in Western Ukraine from the end of the 19th century until the 1930s.

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Chronicle of Huru

The Chronicle of Huru (Cronica lui Huru) was a forged narrative, first published in 1856-1857; it claimed to be an official chronicle of the medieval Moldavian court and to shed light on Romanian presence in Moldavia from Roman Dacia and up to the 13th century, thus offering an explanation of problematic issues relating to the origin of the Romanians and Romanian history in the Dark Ages.

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Chuck Schumer

Charles Ellis Schumer (born November 23, 1950) is an American politician of the Democratic Party serving as the senior United States Senator from New York, a seat he was first elected to in 1998.

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Chumak

Chumak (чумак) is a historic occupation on the territory of modern Ukraine as merchants or traders, primarily known for the trade in salt.

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Church of Nativity of the Theotokos (Sambir)

The Church of Nativity of the Theotokos – is a historic Greek Catholic chrurch in Sambir city.

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Church of the Nativity, Opočno

The Church of the Nativity in Opočno, Czech Republic, is a Roman Catholic church located on Kupka's Square.

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Chwałowice, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Chwałowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radomyśl nad Sanem, within Stalowa Wola County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Chyże, Lublin Voivodeship

Chyże is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełżec, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Ciężkowice

Ciężkowice (Hardenberg) is a town in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,322 inhabitants (2010).

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Cisleithania

Cisleithania (Cisleithanien, also Zisleithanien, Ciszlajtánia, Předlitavsko, Predlitavsko, Przedlitawia, Cislajtanija, Цислајтанија, Cislajtanija, Cisleithania, Цислейтанія, transliterated: Tsysleitàniia, Cisleitania) was a common yet unofficial denotation of the northern and western part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of 1867—as distinguished from Transleithania, i.e. the Hungarian Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen east of ("beyond") the Leitha River.

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Civil code

A civil code is a systematic collection of laws designed to deal with the core areas of private law such as for dealing with business and negligence lawsuits and practices.

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Clan Ostoja

Clan Ostoja (ancient Polish: Ostoya) was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe.

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Clara Young (Yiddish theater)

Clara Young (born Khaya-Risye Shpikolitser c. 1882 in Zlotshev, Galicia) was a Yiddish theatrical actor.

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Coal-mining region

Coal mining regions are significant resource extraction industries in many parts of the world.

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Coat of arms of Lviv

The coat of arms of the city of Lviv features a golden lion beneath a city gate in a blue field.

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Coat of arms of Ukraine

The state coat of arms of Ukraine (Державний Герб України Derzhavniy Herb Ukrayini), officially referred to as the Sign of Princely State of Volodymyr the Great (Constitution of Ukraine, Article 20) or commonly the Tryzub (Тризуб, "trident") is the national coat of arms of Ukraine, featuring the same colors found on the Ukrainian flag; a blue shield with a gold pitchfork.

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Colonel Redl

Colonel Redl (Oberst Redl (original title); Redl ezredes) is a 1985 drama film by Hungarian director István Szabó.

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Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia

The Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia (Комиссия по изучению племенного состава населения России и сопредельных стран, shortened to КИПС, KIPS) was set up in February 1917 by Sergey Oldenburg under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Common Army

The Common Army (Gemeinsame Armee), as it was officially designated by the Imperial and Royal Military Administration, was the largest part of the Austro-Hungarian land forces from 1867 to 1914, the other two elements being the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (of Austria) and the Royal Hungarian Landwehr (or Magyar Királyi Honvédség, colloquially the Honved).

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Constitutional Democratic Party

The Constitutional Democratic Party (Конституционно-демократическая партия, Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya), also called Constitutional Democrats, formally Party of People's Freedom, was a liberal political party in the Russian Empire, encompassing constitutional monarchists and right-wing republicans.

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Controversy surrounding the Lviv pogroms of 1941

In the Lviv pogroms of June and July 1941, during World War II, an estimated 4,000–9,000 people were killed within the space of one month in Lviv (also known as Lwów or Lvov), many of them Polish Jews.

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Conversion of Chełm Eparchy

The Conversion of Chełm Eparchy, which occurred from January to May 1875, refers to the generally forced conversion of the last Uniate Eparchy in the Russian Empire, which was centered in the Volhynian city of Chełm (Kholm), to the Orthodox faith.

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Corneliu Zelea Codreanu

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (born Corneliu Zelinski; September 13, 1899 – November 30, 1938), commonly known as Corneliu Codreanu, was a Romanian politician who was the founder and charismatic leader of the Iron Guard (also known as the Legionnaire movement), an ultranationalistic and antisemitic organization active throughout most of the interwar period.

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Count de Werdinsky

Adolphe de WerdinskyAlso written as: Adolph, Werdinskey; Werdinski; Wardinski; Wordenskoi; Werdenskoi (1803–1856) was a central European, according to accounts written at his death, a displaced Polish nobleman, who had served under Józef Bem and was subsequently exiled.

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Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart

Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart (Karl Graf von Hohenwart) (February 12, 1824 in Vienna – April 26, 1899) was an Austrian politician who served as Minister-President of Austria in 1871.

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Crimean Karaites

The Crimean Karaites or Krymkaraylar (Crimean Karaim: Кърымкъарайлар sg. къарай – qaray; Trakai Karaim: sg. karaj, pl. karajlar; קראי מזרח אירופה; Karaylar), also known as Karaims and Qarays, are an ethnic group derived from Turkic-speaking adherents of Karaite Judaism in Central and Eastern Europe, especially in the territory of the former Russian Empire.

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Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands

The Crimean-Nogai raids were slave raids carried out by the Khanate of Crimea and by the Nogai Horde into the region of Rus' then controlled by the Grand Duchy of Moscow (until 1547), by the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721), by the Russian Empire (1721 onwards) and by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569).

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Croatia during World War I

The Triune Kingdom was part of Austria-Hungary during World War I. Its territory was administratively divided between the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the empire; Međimurje and Baranja were in the Hungarian part (Transleithania), the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was a separate entity associated with the Hungarian Kingdom, Dalmatia and Istria were in the Austrian part (Cisleithania), while the town of Rijeka had semi-autonomous status.

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Croatia–Russia relations

Croatia–Russia relations (Российско-хорватские отношения, Rusko-hrvatski odnosi) refer to bilateral foreign relations between Croatia and Russia.

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Curitiba

Curitiba (Tupi: "Pine Nut Land") is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Paraná.

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Curzon Line

The history of the Curzon Line, with minor variations, goes back to the period following World War I. It was drawn for the first time by the Supreme War Council as the demarcation line between the newly emerging states, the Second Polish Republic, and the Soviet Union.

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CWKS Resovia

Resovia Rzeszow is a Polish sports (football, volleyball and basketball) club, based in Rzeszów, Poland.

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Cyril Genik

Cyril Ivanovich Genik (Кирило Іванович Геник, 1857 – February 12, 1925) was a Ukrainian-Canadian immigration agent.

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Cyril Sielecki

Cyril Sielecki (29 April 1835 28 April 1918), first name also spelled Cyryl, was a Polish priest of the Greek Catholic Diocese of Przemyśl, and an educational and social activist.

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Czapka

Czapka (plural: czapki) is a Polish and Belarusian generic word for a cap.

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Czartoryski Palace (Vienna)

Czartoryski-Schlössel (Schlössel is roughly translatable as "small palace") was a palace called Weinhaus in the Währing district of Vienna, Austria.

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Czaszyn

Czaszyn (Чашин, Chashyn) is a Polish village in the Sanok County in the East Małopolska in the Lesser Beskid mountains.

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Czchów

Czchów (טשיכוב-Chekhoiv, Weißenkirchen) is a town in Brzesko County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,205 inhabitants (2004).

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Czerna, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Czerna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzeszowice, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Czudec

Czudec is a town in Strzyżów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Czulice

Czulice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Czyżówka, Chrzanów County

Czyżówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzebinia, within Chrzanów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Dacian bracelets

The Dacian bracelets are bracelets associated with the ancient people known as the Dacians, a distinct branch of the Thracians.

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Dacians

The Dacians (Daci; loc Δάοι, Δάκαι) were an Indo-European people, part of or related to the Thracians.

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Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser

Dagobert Sigismund, Count von Wurmser (7 May 1724 – 22 August 1797) was an Austrian field marshal during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Daniel Auster

Daniel Auster (דניאל אוסטר ‎, 7 May 1893 – 15 January 1963) was Mayor of Jerusalem in the final years of Mandatory Palestine, the first Jewish mayor of the city, and the first mayor of Jerusalem after Israeli independence.

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Daniel of Galicia

Daniel of Galicia (Данило Романович (Галицький): Danylo Romanovych (Halytskyi); Old Ruthenian: Данило Романовичъ: Danylo Romanovyčъ; Daniel I Romanowicz Halicki; 1201 – 1264) was a King of Ruthenia, Prince (Knyaz) of Galicia (Halych) (1205–1255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr (1212–1231).

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Danuta Szaflarska

Danuta Szaflarska (6 February 1915 – 19 February 2017) was a Polish screen and stage actress.

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Danylo Shumuk

Danylo Lavrentiyovych Shumuk (December 30, 1914 in village Boremschyna, Russian Empire, now in Volyn Oblast, Ukraine – May 21, 2004 in Krasnoarmiisk, Ukraine) was a Ukrainian political activist who served a total of 42 years imprisoned by three different states, Second Polish Republic, Nazi Germany and Soviet Union.

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David Heinrich Müller

David Heinrich Müller (born 6 July 1846 in Buczacz, Galicia; died 21 December 1912 in Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian orientalist.

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David Horowitz (economist)

David Horowitz Bank of Israel – Previous Governors – David Horowitz.

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David Meir Frisch

David Meir Frisch (c. 1812-April 25, 1882) was a 19th-century rabbinical authority.

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David Tuviyahu

David Tuviyahu (1898–1975) was the first mayor of the Israeli city of Beersheba.

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David Wallach

David Wallach (born January 23, 1946) is a full professor at the Department of Biological Chemistry at Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, laureate of the 2014 Emet Prize for Life Sciences.

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David Wijnkoop

David Joseph Wijnkoop (11 March 1876 – 7 May 1941) was a Dutch communist leader in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Dąbrowa Tarnowska

Dąbrowa Tarnowska is a town in Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, about north of Tarnów.

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Dąbrowica, Nisko County

Dąbrowica (Дубровиця, Dubrovytsia) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulanów, within Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Dębowiec, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Dębowiec is a village in Jasło County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Debora Vogel

Debora Vogel (1902 – 1942) was a Polish philosopher and poet.

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December 1914

The following events occurred in December 1914.

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Deliatyn

Delatyn (Делятин, Delatyn, דעלאטין) is an urban-type settlement in Nadvirna Raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region) of Ukraine.

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Denisko uprising

The Denisko uprising, named after Joachim Denisko, was the first Polish rebellion after the failed Kosciuszko Uprising.

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Desloch

Desloch is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Destruction battalions

Destruction battalions, colloquially istrebitels (истребители, "destroyers", "exterminators") abbreviated: istrebki (Russian), strybki (Ukrainian) were paramilitary units under the control of NKVD in the western Soviet Union, which performed tasks of internal security on the Eastern Front and after it.

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Det 20de Århundre

Det 20de Århundre ("The Twentieth Century") was a periodical published by the Norwegian Labour Party.

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Development of the administrative divisions of Ukraine

Administrative divisions development in Ukraine reviews the history of changes in the administrative divisions of Ukraine, in chronological order.

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Devil's Footprints

The Devil's Footprints was a phenomenon that occurred during February 1855 around the Exe Estuary in East and South Devon, England.

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Dezerter

Dezerter, founded as SS-20 in May 1981 in Warsaw, is one of the most popular punk bands from Poland.

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Dezső Kolossváry

Dezső Kolossváry de Kolosvár (or Desiderius Kolossváry de Kolosvar) (1 May 1854 – 5 April 1919) was a Hungarian military officer in the Austro-Hungarian service and (briefly) a politician.

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Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria

The Diet of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and of the Grand Duchy of Cracow was the regional assembly of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, a crown land of the Austrian Empire, and later Austria-Hungary.

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Dinov (Hasidic dynasty)

Dinov (דינאָוו, דינוב) is the name of a Hasidic dynasty, descended from Rabbi Tzvi Elimelech Spira of Dinov (– 1841), also called "the Bnei Yisaschar" after his popular work:.

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Diplomatic history of World War I

The Diplomatic history of World War I covers the non-military interactions among the major players during World War I. For the domestic histories see Home front during World War I. For a longer-term perspective see International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) and Causes of World War I. For the following era see International relations (1919–1939).

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Directorate of Ukraine

The Directorate, or Directory (Dyrektoriya) was a provisional collegiate revolutionary state committee of the Ukrainian People's Republic, initially formed on November 13–14, 1918 during a session of the Ukrainian National Union in rebellion against Skoropadsky's regime.

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Dirmstein

Dirmstein is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe

Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe were camps established after World War II in Germany, Austria, and Italy, primarily for refugees from Eastern Europe and for the former inmates of the Nazi German concentration camps.

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Districts of Kraków

The city of Kraków is divided into 18 administrative districts, each with a degree of autonomy within the municipal government.

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Divided regions

Divided regions are transnational regions, islands, etc.

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Dmytro Dedko

Dmytro Dedko (Demetrius Dedko, Дмитро Дедько) was a Lord of Ruthenia in 1340 (1323) – 1349.

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Dmytro Dontsov

Dmytro Ivanovych Dontsov (Дмитро Іванович Донцов) (August 29, 1883 – March 30, 1973) was a Ukrainian nationalist writer, publisher, journalist and political thinker whose radical ideas were a major influence on the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.

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Dmytro Doroshenko

Dmytro Doroshenko (Дмитро Іванович Дорошенко, Dmytro Ivanovych Doroshenko, Дми́трий Ива́нович Дороше́нко; 8 April 1882 – 19 March 1951) was a prominent Ukrainian political figure during the revolution of 1917–1918 and a leading Ukrainian emigre historian during the inter-war period.

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Dmytro Hrytsai

Dmytro Hrytsai (a.k.a. "Perebyinis"; Ukrainian: Дмитрó Грицáй-Переб́ийніс; Dorozhiv, Galicia, 1 April 1907 – 22 December 1945, Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a leader in the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and a general in the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

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Dmytro Klyachkivsky

Dmytro Klyachkivsky (Клячківський Дмитро (Роман); 4 November 1911 - 12 February 1945), also known by his pseudonyms Klym Savur, Okhrim, and Bilash, was a commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), first head-commander of the UPA-North.

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Dmytro Tabachnyk

Dmytro Tabachnyk (Дмитро Володимирович Табачник,; born November 26, 1963) is a Ukrainian politician, and former science and education minister of Ukraine.

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Dmytro Vitovsky

Dmytro Vitovsky (Дмитро Вітовський) (8 November 1887, Medukha, Stanislau powiat, Galicia and Lodomeria, Austro-Hungary – 8 July 1919, Racibórz, Silesia, Germany) was a Ukrainian politician and military leader.

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Dobczyce

Dobczyce is a town in southern Poland, situated since 1999 in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (previously in Kraków Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998).

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Dobromyl

Dobrómyl’ (Добро́миль, Dobromil) is a city in Staryi Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine.

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Doctor Zhivago (novel)

Doctor Zhivagois a novel by Boris Pasternak, first published in 1957 in Italy.

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Dov Ber of Mezeritch

Rabbi Dov Baer ben Avraham of Mezeritch (דֹּב בֶּר מִמֶּזְרִיטְשְׁ) (died December 1772 OS), also known as the Maggid of Mezritch, was a disciple of Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidic Judaism, and was chosen as his successor to lead the early movement.

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Dov Berish Weidenfeld

Rabbi Dov Berish Weidenfeld (1881–1965) was the Chief Rabbi of Tshebin (Trzebinia), Poland, and after World War II spent his final years in Jerusalem.

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Dov Sadan

Dov Sadan (דב סדן, born on 21 February 1902, died 14 October 1989) was an Israeli literary critic and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1965 and 1968.

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Draža Mihailović

Dragoljub "Draža" Mihailović (Драгољуб Дража Михаиловић, known to his supporters as Uncle Draža (Чича Дража / Čiča Draža; 27 April 1893 – 17 July 1946), was a Yugoslav Serb general during World War II. A staunch royalist, he retreated to the mountains near Belgrade when the Germans overran Yugoslavia in April 1941 and there he organized bands of guerrillas known as the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army. The organisation is commonly known as the Chetniks, although the name of the organisation was later changed to the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland (JVUO, ЈВУО). Founded as the first Yugoslav resistance movement, it was royalist and nationalist, as opposed to the other, Josip Broz Tito's Partisans who were communist. Initially, the two groups operated in parallel, but by late 1941 began fighting each other in the attempt to gain control of post-war Yugoslavia. Many Chetnik groups collaborated or established modus vivendi with the Axis powers. Mihailović himself collaborated with Milan Nedić and Dimitrije Ljotić at the end of the war. After the war, Mihailović was captured by the communists. He was tried and convicted of high treason and war crimes by the communist authorities of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, and executed by firing squad in Belgrade. The nature and extent of his responsibility for collaboration and ethnic massacres remains controversial. On 14 May 2015, Mihailović was rehabilitated after a ruling by the Supreme Court of Cassation, the highest appellate court in Serbia.

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Dragomirești, Maramureș

Dragomirești (Dragomérfalva; דראגאמירעשט) is a town in Maramureș County, Romania.

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Drahomanivka

Drahomanivka (драгоманівка) was a proposed reform of the Ukrainian alphabet and orthography, promoted by Mykhailo Drahomanov.

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Dušan Jurkovič

Dušan Jurkovič (August 23, 1868 – December 21, 1947) was a Slovak architect, ethnographer and artist.

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Dubie, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Dubie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzeszowice, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Duchy of Bukovina

The Duchy of Bukovina was a constituent land of the Austrian Empire from 1849 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria–Hungary from 1867 until 1918.

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Duchy of Warsaw

The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie, Duché de Varsovie, Herzogtum Warschau) was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit.

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Dutch exonyms

Below is list of Dutch language exonyms for places in non-Dutch-speaking areas of Europe.

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Dyje–Svratka Valley

The Dyje–Svratka Valley (Czech: Dyjsko-svratecký úval, Thaya-Schwarza Talsenke, Dyjsko-svratecký úval) is a geomorphological feature (specifically a special type of vale) in Moravia (The Czech Republic). The highest prominence over the Dyje–Svratka Valley is Děvín Peak at.

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Dyniska

Dyniska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulhówek, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

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Dziekanowice, Kraków County

Dziekanowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zielonki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Early Slavs

The early Slavs were a diverse group of tribal societies who lived during the Migration Period and Early Middle Ages (approximately the 5th to the 10th centuries) in Eastern Europe and established the foundations for the Slavic nations through the Slavic states of the High Middle Ages.

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Eastern Galicia

Eastern Galicia, or Eastern Halychyna (Східна Галичина) is a geographical region in Western Ukraine (present day oblasts of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil) and Poland that has historic importance.

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Edgar Gluck

Edgar Chaim Baruch Gluck (born June 14, 1936, Hamburg, Germany) is a Chief Rabbi of Galicia (Central-Eastern Europe).

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Edmond Wilhelm Brillant

Edmond Wilhelm Brillant the Levi (אדמונד וילהלם ברילנט; 1916–2004) was a Polish-born Israeli naval architect, Hagana member, among the founding fathers of the Israeli navy and was notable for assisting the Israeli Merchant Marine in several major projects, including the nations' first passenger liner, through the ZIM Navigation company, now Zim Integrated Shipping Services.

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Edmund Charaszkiewicz

Edmund Kalikst Eugeniusz Charaszkiewicz (Poniec, 14 October 1895 – 22 December 1975, London) was a Polish military intelligence officer who specialized in clandestine warfare.

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Edmund Chojecki

Edmund Franciszek Maurycy Chojecki (Wiski, Podlasie, 15 October 1822 – 1 December 1899, Paris) was a Polish journalist, playwright, novelist, poet and translator.

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Edmund Cieczkiewicz

Edmund Cieczkiewicz (1872-1958) was a Polish painter and graphic designer.

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Edna-Star colony

The Edna-Star colony, also called the Nebyliv colony, or the Ukrainian block settlement is the largest and oldest of the Ukrainian Canadian block settlements.

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Eduard Bitterlich

Eduard Bitterlich (17 August 1833, Stupnicka, or Dubliany, Galicia, now Ukraine - 20 May 1872, Pfalzau, now part of Pressbaum), was an Austrian artist.

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Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli

Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli (12 February 1856 – 9 December 1941) was an Austrian general during World War I who rose to the rank of field marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Eduardo de Zulueta y Dato

Eduardo de Zulueta y Dato (born 4 December 1923) is a Spanish Diplomat.

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Education in Poland

Compulsory education in Poland starts at the age of six from the mandatory "0" reception class (Polish zerówka or klasa 0, literally Year 0).

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Edward O'Rourke

Edward O'Rourke, full name Eduard Alexander Ladislaus Graf (Count) O'Rourke (Edward Aleksander Władysław O'Rourke; October 26, 1876 in Minsk – June 27, 1943) was a Roman Catholic priest, bishop of Riga and the first head of the bishopric of the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk).

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Edward Rydz-Śmigły

Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły (11 March 1886 – 2 December 1941; nom de guerre Śmigły, Tarłowski, Adam Zawisza), also called Edward Śmigły-Rydz, was a Polish politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland's armed forces, as well as painter and poet.

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Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)

The Eighth Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Sekizinci Ordu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army.

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Electron (company)

"Electron" Corporation (Концерн-Електрон) is a diversified, public company and a legal entity in Ukraine, with more than 20 thousand shareholders.

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Eliezer Adler

Eliezer Adler, born in 1866, was the founder of the Jewish Community in Gateshead, England.

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Eliezer ben Nathan

Eliezer ben Nathan of Mainz (1090–1170), or Ra'aven, was a halakist and liturgical poet.

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Eligiusz Niewiadomski

Eligiusz Niewiadomski (December 1, 1869 in Warsaw – January 31, 1923 in Warsaw) was a Polish modernist painter and art critic who belonged to the right-wing National Democratic Party till 1904 and later continued supporting it.

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Elimelech of Lizhensk

Elimelech Weisblum of Lizhensk (1717–March 11, 1787), a Rabbi and one of the great founding Rebbes of the Hasidic movement, was known after his hometown, Leżajsk (translit) near Rzeszów in Poland.

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Elimelekh Rimalt

Rabbi Dr Elimelekh-Shimon Rimalt (אלימלך-שמעון רימלט, born 1 November 1907, died 5 November 1987) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician.

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Emanuel Ringelblum

Emanuel Ringelblum (November 21, 1900 – March 7, 1944) was a Polish-Jewish historian, politician and social worker, known for his Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto, Notes on the Refugees in Zbąszyn chronicling the deportation of Jews from the town of Zbąszyń, and the so-called Ringelblum's Archives of the Warsaw Ghetto.

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Emeric I Bebek

Emeric (I) Bebek (Bebek (I.) Imre, Emerik Bubek; died 1395) was a Hungarian powerful baron, who rose to prominence during the last regnal years of King Louis I of Hungary.

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Emil Byk

Emil Byk (born January 14, 1845, at Janów (now Dolyna), nearby Trembowla (Terebovlia), in Austrian Galicia (now Ukraine) - 1906) was a Polish-Austrian-Jewish lawyer and deputy.

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Emil Korytko

Emil Korytko (7 September 1813 – 31 January 1839) was a Polish political activist in the period of the Great Emigration, who was exiled to Ljubljana, Carniola (now Slovenia) and became an important ethnographer, philologist and translator there.

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Emil Leeb

Emil Leeb (17 June 1881 – 8 September 1969) was a Bavarian-German general who saw active service during both World Wars.

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Emil Rebreanu

Emil Rebreanu (December 17, 1891 – May 14, 1917) was an Austro-Hungarian Romanian military officer executed during World War I. The protagonist in Forest of the Hanged, a 1922 novel by his brother Liviu Rebreanu, is influenced by his experience.

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Emil Tietze

Emil Ernst August Tietze (15 June 1845, Breslau – 4 March 1931, Vienna) was an Austrian geologist.

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Ems Ukaz

The Ems Ukaz, or Ems Ukase (Эмский указ, Emskiy ukaz; Емський указ, Ems’kyy ukaz), was a secret decree (ukaz) of Tsar Alexander II of Russia issued in 1876, banning the use of the Ukrainian language in print, with the exception of reprinting of old documents.

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English exonyms

An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym).

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Ephraim Avigdor Speiser

Ephraim Avigdor Speiser (January 24, 1902 – June 15, 1965) was a Jewish Polish-born American Assyriologist.

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Ephraim Moses Lilien

Ephraim Moses Lilien (1874–1925) was an art nouveau illustrator and printmaker particularly noted for his art on Jewish themes.

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Erazm Jerzmanowski

Erazm Józef Jerzmanowski h. Dołęga (2 June 1844 – 7 February 1909) was an industrialist, philanthropist and patron of art, soldier, who took part in the January Uprising of 1863-1865.

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Eric Kandel

Eric Richard Kandel (born November 7, 1929) is an Austrian-American neuroscientist and a University Professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University.

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Erich Hippke

Prof.

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Erich Ludendorff

Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general, the victor of the Battle of Liège and the Battle of Tannenberg.

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Ernst Paul

Ernst Paul (1897–1978) was a Sudeten German Social Democratic politician and journalist.

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Ernst Reicher

Ernst Reicher (19 September 1885 – 1 May 1936) was a German-Jewish actor, screenwriter, film producer and film director of the silent era.

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Ernst Schlange

Ernst Schlange (September 1, 1888 – † 1947) was a Nazi German politician, Gauleiter of Berlin-Brandenburg and a member of the Prussian Landtag.

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Esther Bick

Esther Bick, née Esteza Lifsza Wander (1902–1983), born in Przemyśl, Galicia, Poland (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), was a physician and child psychoanalyst who had a profound influence on the development of child psychotherapy in England.

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Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary

The ethno-linguistic composition of Austria-Hungary according to the census of 31 December 1910 was as follows.

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Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi

Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi (also spelled Eudoxiu Hurmuzache; Eudoxius Freiherr von Hormuzaki) (September 29, 1812, Czernawka (Cernăuca), Austria; February 10, 1874, Czernowitz (Cernăuți), Austria, buried in Dulcești, (Neamț County), Principality of Moldavia) was a Romanian historian, politician (Landeshauptmann of the Duchy of Bucovina) and patriot.

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Eugen Binder von Krieglstein

Eugen Binder von Krieglstein (July 6, 1873 – September 17, 1914) was an Austrian journalist, war correspondent and travel writer; he sometimes used the pen names of Eugen Krieglstein or Eugen Binder-Krieglstein.

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Eugene Bolkhovitinov

Yevgeny Bolkhovitinov (Евгений Болховитинов; 1767–1837) was the Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia from 1822.

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Eugene Salamin (artist)

Eugene Salamin (26 April 19121 April 2009) was a Polish-American painter.

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Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko

Prince Eustachy Stanisław Sanguszko (28 August 1842 – 2 April 1903) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), conservative politician.

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Fabius Mieses

Fabius Mieses (31 October 1824 - 10 October 1898) was a Galician litterateur and philosopher.

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Facing the Modern: The Portrait in Vienna 1900

Facing the Modern: The Portrait in Vienna 1900 was an exhibition at the National Gallery, London, running from 9 October 2013 through to 12 January 2014.

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Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University

Faculty of Law and Administration is the oldest unit of the Jagiellonian University.

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Family of Gediminas

The family of Gediminas is a group of family members of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania (ca. 1275–1341), who interacted in the 14th century.

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Famines in Austrian Galicia

Famines in Galicia were a common occurrence, particularly in the mid to late 19th century, as Galicia became heavily overpopulated.

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FC Skala Stryi

For the club that originally started playing Morshyn and now plays in Stryi refer to FC Skala Stryi (2004). FC Skala Stryi is a Ukrainian football team.

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Feliks Sobański

Feliks Hilary Ludwik Michał Sobański (born 11 January 1833 nr. Hajsyn Podolia - died 29 November 1913 Paris) was a Polish landowner, social activist, supporter of the arts and philanthropist.

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Filaret Kolessa

Filaret Mykhailovych Kolessa (Філарет Михайлович Колесса) (1871 – February 4, 1947) was a Ukrainian ethnographer, folklorist, composer, musicologist and literary critic.

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First Aliyah

The First Aliyah (Hebrew: העלייה הראשונה, HaAliyah HaRishona), also known as the agriculture Aliyah, is a term used to describe a major wave of Zionist immigration (aliyah) to Palestine between 1882 and 1903.

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First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes was a German offensive in the Eastern Front during the early stages of World War I. It pushed the Russian First Army back across its entire front, eventually ejecting it from Germany.

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First Narayever Congregation

First Narayever Congregation is a traditional-egalitarian synagogue located at 187 Brunswick Avenue, near The Annex neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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First Vienna Award

The First Vienna Award was a treaty signed on November 2, 1938, as a result of the First Vienna Arbitration.

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Flag of Ukraine

The flag of Ukraine is a banner of two equally sized horizontal bands of blue and yellow (Constitution of Ukraine, Article 20).

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Florence Farmborough

Florence Farmborough FRGS (Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, 15 April 1887 – 18 August 1978, Marple, Greater Manchester) was an author, photographer, nurse, teacher and university lecturer.

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Florence MacDowell

Florence Ina MacDowell (c.1870s – 25 April 1939) was an Australian nurse who served in World War I.

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Foot (unit)

The foot (feet; abbreviation: ft; symbol: ′, the prime symbol) is a unit of length in the imperial and US customary systems of measurement.

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Football in Ukraine

Football is the number one sport in Ukraine as in most of Europe.

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Former countries in Europe after 1815

This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day.

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Fortress of Tustan

Tustan was a Medieval cliff-side fortress-city and customs site of the 9th—16th centuries, an Old Rus cliff-side defensive complex.

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Fortunat Strowski

Fortunat Joseph Strowski de Robkowa (16 May 1866 – 11 July 1952) was a French literary historian, essayist and critic.

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Fradl Shtok

Fradl Shtok (also Fradel Stock, 1888 – 1952?)Kenvin, Helene.

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France Prešeren

France Prešeren (2 or 3 December 1800 – 8 February 1849) was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet, best known as the poet who has inspired virtually all later Slovene literature and has been generally acknowledged as the greatest Slovene classical author.

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Franciszek Fornalski

Franciszek Fornalski (1781-1863) was a Polish soldier during Napoleonic Wars, chevalier of French Legion d'honneur and Polish Virtuti Militari.

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Franciszek Siarczyński

Franciszek Siarczyński (1758–1829) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, member of the Piarist religious order, historian, geographer, teacher, writer and publicist.

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Franciszek Tepa

Franciszek Tomasz Tepa (17 September 1829, Lwów - 23 December 1889, Lwów) was a Polish mid-19th century realist painter who specialized in portraits and Orientalist themes.

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Frank Taffel

Frank Taffel (né Shrage Fyvel Tafel, Krystynopol, then Galicia, Austria-Hungary, now Chervonohrad, Ukraine, March 10, 1877; died 7 July 1947, Savannah, Georgia, age 70) was a journalist, a founder of Congregation Beth Jacob (Atlanta), and an advocate of Jewish causes.

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František Bubák

František Bubák (22 July 1866, Rovensko pod Troskami – 19 September 1925, Prague) was a Czech mycologist and phytopathologist.

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František Gellner

František Gellner (19 June 1881 – disappeared September 1914) was a Czech poet, short story writer, artist and anarchist.

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František Kriegel

František Kriegel (10 April 1908 — 3 December 1979) was a Czechoslovak politician, physician, and a member of the Communist Party reform wing of Prague Spring (1968).

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František Moravec

František Moravec CBE (23 July 1895, Čáslav – 26 July 1966, Washington, D.C.) was Czechoslovak military intelligence officer before and during World War II.

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Franz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein

Franz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein (Franz Seraph Joseph Carl Johann Nepomuc Quirin; 28 April 1767 – 10 July 1854), was a German prince member of the House of Dietrichstein, Major general, 8th Prince (Fürst) of Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, Count of Proskau-Leslie, Baron (Freiherr) of Hollenburg, Finkenstein and Thalberg.

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Franz Petrak

Franz Petrak (9 October 1886, Mährisch-Weißkirchen – 9 October 1973, Vienna) was an Austrian-Czech mycologist.

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Franz Schlik

Franz Joseph von Schlik of Bassano and Weisskirchen (Prague, 23 May 1789 – Vienna, 17 March 1862) was an Count and general in the Austrian Empire.

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Franz Stadion, Count von Warthausen

Franz Stadion, Graf von Warthausen (27 July 1806 – 8 June 1853), son of the Austrian diplomat Johann Philipp von Stadion.

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Franz von Hillenbrand

Franz von Hillenbrand was a Roman Catholic German aristocrat.

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Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg

Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg (2 July 1742 in Vienna – 19 December 1825 in Vienna) was an Austrian general who saw service in the Seven Years' War and Wars of the French Revolution.

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Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (26 July 1791 – 29 July 1844), also known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Jr., was the youngest child of six born to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his wife Constanze.

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Franziska Scanagatta

Franziska Scanagatta (also called Francesca Scanagatta) (1 August 1776 – 1865) was an Italian woman who disguised herself as a man in order to attend an Austrian officer school in 1794.

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Fred Rosenstock

Fred Asher Rosenstock (1895–1986) was an Austrian-born American bookseller, book and art collector and publisher in Denver, Colorado from the 1920s through the 1970s.

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French exonyms

Below is a list of French language exonyms for places in non-French-speaking areas.

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Freud family

The family of Sigmund Freud, the pioneer of psychoanalysis, lived in Austria and Germany until the 1930s before emigrating to England, Canada and the United States.

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Frida Rubiner

Frida Rubiner (born Frida Ichak / Фрида Абрамовна Ицхоки: 28 April 1879 – 22 January 1952) was a political activist (KPD), writer, journalist and translator of important communist Russian texts into German.

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Friedrich Wend zu Eulenburg

Friedrich-Wend, Count of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, known as Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, Count of Sandels (19 September 1881 in Starnberg – 1 August 1963 at Hertefeld Castle in Weeze), was a German aristocratic farmer and estate owner of Liebenberg and Häsen in (Brandenburg) as well as Hertefeld and the Castle of Kolk (Niederrhein).

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Friedrich, Prince of Schwarzenberg (soldier)

Friedrich, Prince of Schwarzenberg (kníže Bedřich Schwarzenberg) (1800–1870) had an adventurous career as a soldier, and described his wanderings and campaigns in several interesting works, of which the best known is his Wanderungen eines Lanzknechtes (1844–1845).

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Fritz von Scholz

Fritz von Scholz (9 December 1896 – 28 July 1944) was a high-ranking member of the Waffen-SS during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.

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Frysztak

Frysztak (פֿריסטיק Fristik; Freistadt) is a village in the Gmina Frysztak, Strzyżów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland, from Krosno.

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Gabriel Talphir

Gabriel (Joseph) Talphir (1901–1990) was an Israeli poet, art critic, publisher, editor and translator.

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Gabriela Zapolska

Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska (1857–1921), known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Polish novelist, playwright, naturalist writer, feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress.

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Galați

Galați (also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County, in the historical region of Moldavia, eastern Romania.

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Galich

Galich may refer to.

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Galicia

Galicia may refer to.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galician: Galicia, Galiza; Galicia; Galiza) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Galicia and Lodomeria

Galicia and Lodomeria may refer to.

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Galicia Jewish Museum

The Galicia Jewish Museum (Polish: Żydowskie Muzeum Galicja) is located in the historic Jewish district of Kazimierz in Kraków, Poland.

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Galicia–Volhynia Wars

Galicia–Volhynia Wars were several wars fought in the years 1340–1392 over the succession in the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (in modern Poland and Ukraine).

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Galician

Galician may refer to.

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Galician Jews

Galician Jews or Galitzianers are a subdivision of the Ashkenazim geographically originating from Galicia, from western Ukraine (current Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil regions) and from the south-eastern corner of Poland (Podkarpackie and Lesser Poland voivodeships).

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Galician language

Galician (galego) is an Indo-European language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch.

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Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis

The Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis (German: k.k.priv. Galizische Carl Ludwig-Bahn (CLB), Polish: Kolej galicyjska im. Karola Ludwika) was a railway system, named after Archduke Charles Louis of Austria.

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Galician slaughter

The Galician Slaughter, also known as the Peasant Uprising of 1846 or the Szela uprising (Galizischer Bauernaufstand; Rzeź galicyjska or Rabacja galicyjska), was a two-month uprising of Galician peasants that led to the suppression of the szlachta uprising (Kraków Uprising) and the massacre of szlachta in Galicia in the Austrian partition in early 1846.

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Galician Soviet Socialist Republic

The Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (Galician SSR) was a self declared and short lived political entity that existed from 15 July to 21 September 1920.

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Galician Transversal Railway

The Galician Transversal Railway (German: Galizische Transversalbahn, Polish: Galicyjska Kolej Transwersalna) was a railway system, opened in 1884 in the province of Galicia (Austria-Hungary).

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Galicians

Galicians (galegos, gallegos) are a national, cultural and ethnic group whose historic homeland is Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Galizien

Galizien may refer to.

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Garlica Murowana

Garlica Murowana is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zielonki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Gödöllő

Gödöllő (Getterle; Jedľovo) is a town in Pest county, Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary, about northeast from the outskirts of Budapest.

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Głęboka, Kraków County

Głęboka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Głogów Małopolski

Głogów Małopolski is a town in Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland.

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General Government

The General Government (Generalgouvernement, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate, was a German zone of occupation established after the joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II.

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General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland

The General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland (אַלגעמײַנער ײדישער אַרבעטער בּונד אין פוילין tr: Algemeyner yidisher arbeter bund in poyln, Ogólno-Żydowski Związek Robotniczy "Bund" w Polsce) was a Jewish socialist party in Poland which promoted the political, cultural and social autonomy of Jewish workers, sought to combat antisemitism and was generally opposed to Zionism.

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George Adams Kaufmann

George Adams Kaufmann, also George Adams and George von Kaufmann, (8 February 1894, Maryampol, Galicia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire – 30 March 1963, Edgbaston, UK) was a British mathematician, translator and anthroposophist.

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George Bridgetower

George Augustus Polgreen Bridgetower (11 October 1778 – 29 February 1860) was an Afro-European musician, born in Poland.

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George Burns

George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum; January 20, 1896March 9, 1996) was an American comedian, actor, singer, and writer.

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George S. N. Luckyj

George Stephen Nestor Luckyj (born Юрій Остапович Луцький, transcribed: Yuriy Ostapovych Lutskyy; Yanchyn, now Ivanivka, Lviv Oblast, 1919 - Toronto, November 22, 2001) was a scholar of Ukrainian literature, who greatly contributed to the awareness of Ukrainian literature in the English-speaking world and to the continuation of legitimate scholarship on the subject during the post-war period.

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Gerda Taro

Gerda Taro (real name Gerta Pohorylle; 1 August 1910, Stuttgart, Germany – 26 July 1937, near Brunete, Spain) was a war photographer, and the companion and professional partner of photographer Robert Capa.

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German Confederation

The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund) was an association of 39 German-speaking states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806.

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German diaspora

German diaspora (Deutschstämmige; also, under National Socialism: Volksdeutsche) are ethnic Germans and their descendants living outside Germany.

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II

German Radio Intelligence Operation during World War II were signals intelligence operations that were undertaken by German Axis forces in Europe during World War II.

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German town law

The German town law (Deutsches Stadtrecht) or German municipal concerns (Deutsches Städtewesen) was a set of early town privileges based on the Magdeburg rights developed by Otto I. The Magdeburg Law became the inspiration for regional town charters not only in Germany, but also in Central and Eastern Europe who modified it during the Middle Ages.

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German–Polish customs war

The German–Polish customs war was a political and economic conflict between the Second Polish Republic and the Weimar Republic, which began in June 1925 (shortly after the death of German president Friedrich Ebert from SPD) and ended officially in March 1934.

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Germanisation

Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is the spread of the German language, people and culture or policies which introduced these changes.

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Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945)

Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945) was an intense process of Germanisation during World War II carried out by Nazi Germany in Occupied Poland.

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Ghe with upturn

Ghe with upturn (Ґ ґ; italics: Ґ ґ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Gheorghe Asachi

Gheorghe Asachi (surname also spelled Asaki; March 1, 1788 – November 12, 1869) was a Moldavian, later Romanian prose writer, poet, painter, historian, dramatist and translator.

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Giebułtów, Kraków County

Giebułtów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielka Wieś, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Gliniany

Gliniany may refer to the following places.

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Golce, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Golce (Гільці, Hil’tsi) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jarocin, within Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Golders Green

Golders Green is an area in the London Borough of Barnet in England.

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Golus nationalism

Golus nationalism (Yiddish: גלות נאַציאָנאַליזם Golus natsionalizm after golus), or Diaspora Nationalism, is a national movement of the Jewish people that argued for furthering Jewish national and cultural life in the large Jewish centers throughout the world, while at the same time seeking recognition for a Jewish national identity from world powers.

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Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive

The Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia.

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Gottfried von Cramm

Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt Freiherr von Cramm (English: Baron Gottfried von Cramm,; 7 July 1909 – 8 November 1976), was a German amateur tennis champion who won the French Open twice.

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Grand Duchy of Kraków

The Grand Duchy of Kraków (Großherzogtum Krakau, Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on 16 November 1846.

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Greek Catholic Eparchy of Križevci

The Eparchy of Križevci is an eparchy (diocese) of the Catholic Church for Eastern Catholics of Byzantine Rite in part of the former Yugoslavia, with its seat in Križevci, Croatia.

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Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo

The Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo is an eparchy (diocese) associated with the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church under an unidentified status.

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Gregory Žatkovich

Gregory Ignatius Zhatkovich (Rusyn: Ґріґорій Жатковіч) (December 2, 1886 – March 26, 1967) was an American lawyer and political activist for Rusyns in the United States and Europe.

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Grossinger's Catskill Resort Hotel

Grossinger's Catskill Resort Hotel was a resort in the Catskill Mountains in the Town of Liberty, near the village of Liberty, New York.

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Grupo SM

Grupo SM is a Spanish publisher with a strong presence in Latin America.

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Guido Lorraine

Guido Lorraine (2 September 1912 – 31 December 2009) was a Polish-born actor, musician and singer, known primarily for his roles in war films.

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Gwiazdka Cieszyńska

Gwiazdka Cieszyńska ("Cieszyn Star") was a weekly Polish magazine published in Cieszyn (Teschen), Silesia in 1851-1939.

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Haczów

Haczów (Гачів, Hachiv) is a village in Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Haidamaka

The haidamakas, also haidamaky or haidamaks (singular haidamaka, Гайдамаки, Haidamaky) were cossack paramilitary bands of commoners, peasants, craftsmen, former Cossacks, and impoverished noblemen in the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Haim Nathan Dembitzer

Haim Nathan Dembitzer (June 29, 1820, Krakow: "Jewish Civil Registry of Krakow", Town: Krakow, Year: 1820, Akt (record) #: 145, Record Type: birth, Surname: Dembitzer, Given Name: Chaim Nattan, Father: Salomon, Mother: Nechel, Mother's Father: Moyzes. – November 20, 1892, Krakow) was a Polish Galician rabbi and historian.

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Halberstam

Halberstam (האלבערשטאם‎, הלברשטם&lrm) is a Jewish surname, used by several branches of the Halberstadt family.

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Halleflinta

Hälleflinta (a Swedish word meaning rock-flint), a white, grey, yellow, greenish or pink, fine-grained rock consisting of an intimate mixture of quartz and feldspar.

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Halszka Wasilewska (soldier)

Halszka Wasilewska, sometimes called Halina, (21 March 1899 – 8 February 1961), WW2 Nom-de-guerre Krystyna, was one of the first women to attain the rank of Major in the Polish Armed Forces.

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Halych

Halych (Halyč; Halici; Halicz; Galič; Halytsch) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine.

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Halych Raion

Halych Raion (Галицький район) is a raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region) in Ukraine.

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Halychany

Halychny the name of the inhabitants of Galicia.

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HaMa'apil

HaMa'apil (הַמַּעְפִּיל, lit. The illegal immigrant) is a kibbutz in central Israel.

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Hannah Arendt

Johanna "Hannah" Arendt (14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German-born American philosopher and political theorist.

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Hanoch Yelon

Hanoch Yelon (חנוך ילון) (born 1886; died 18 January 1970) was an Israeli linguist and leading Talmudic researcher.

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Hans Kelsen

Hans Kelsen (October 11, 1881 – April 19, 1973) was an Austrian jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher.

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Hans Martin Pippart

Leutnant Hans Martin Pippart (14 May 1888 – 11 August 1918) Iron Cross was a pioneer aircraft manufacturer and early pilot.

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Hans Ritter von Hemmer

Hans Ritter von Hemmer, (26 June 1869 – 15 December 1931), son of Colonel Anthony Hemmer, was an officer in the Royal Bavarian Army and Knight Commander of the Military Order of Max Joseph.

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Hans von Seeckt

Johannes Friedrich "Hans" von Seeckt (22 April 1866 – 27 December 1936) was a German military officer who served as Chief of Staff to August von Mackensen, and was a central figure in planning the victories Mackensen achieved for Germany in the east during the First World War.

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Harry Kandel

Harry Kandel (1885–1943) was an American clarinetist and bandleader, one of the pioneers of modern klezmer music.

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Harry Weinberg

Harry Weinberg (1908–1990, aged 82) was a billionaire businessman who founded The Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Foundation, Inc., a private charitable foundation, with over $2 billion in assets in 2018 and headquartered in Owings Mills, Maryland, and Honolulu, Hawaii.

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Hasidic Judaism

Hasidism, sometimes Hasidic Judaism (hasidut,; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group.

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Haskalah

The Haskalah, often termed Jewish Enlightenment (השכלה; literally, "wisdom", "erudition", Yiddish pronunciation Heskole) was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world.

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Háry János

Háry János is a Hungarian folk opera (that is, a spoken play with songs, in the manner of a Singspiel) in four acts by Zoltán Kodály to a Hungarian libretto by Béla Paulini (1881–1945) and Zsolt Harsányi, based on the comic epic The Veteran (Az obsitos) by János Garay.

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Hedwig Gorski

Hedwig Gorski (born July 18, 1949) is an American performance poet and an avant-garde artist who labels her aesthetic as "American futurism." The term "performance poetry," a precursor to slam poetry, is attributed to her.

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Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper

Heidemarie Martha Stefanyshyn-Piper (born February 7, 1963) is an American Naval officer, engineer, and a former NASA astronaut.

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Heim ins Reich

The Heim ins Reich (meaning "back home to the Reich") was a foreign policy pursued by Adolf Hitler during World War II, beginning in 1938.

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Heinrich Nebenzahl

Heinrich Nebenzahl (1870–1938) was an Austrian-born film producer.

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Heinrich von Bellegarde

Count Heinrich von Bellegarde, Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia (Heinrich Joseph Johannes, Graf von Bellegarde or sometimes Heinrich von Bellegarde) (29 August 175622 July 1845), of a noble Savoyard family, was born in Saxony, joined the Saxon army and later entered Habsburg military service, where he became a general officer during in the Habsburg border wars, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Henrik Galeen

Henrik Galeen (7 January 1881 – 30 July 1949) was an Austrian-born actor, screenwriter and film director considered an influential figure in the development of German Expressionist cinema during the silent era.

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Henryk Floyar-Rajchman

Henryk Floyar-Rajchman (December 7, 1893 - March 22, 1951) was a Polish statesman and a founding member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America for Research in the Modern History of Poland created in New York City in July 1943.

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Henryk Minkiewicz

Henryk Minkiewicz (19 January 1880 – 9 April 1940) was a Polish socialist politician and a General of the Polish Army.

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Henryk Tauber

Henryk (Tauber) Fuchsbrunner (8 July 1917 – 3 January 2000) was a Polish Jewish prisoner at Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp during the Holocaust, who gave detailed testimony at the end of World War II.

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Herbert Masaryk

Herbert Masaryk (1 May 1880, Vienna – 15 March 1915, Prague) was a Czech Post-Impressionist painter; son of the future founder and President of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Masaryk, and his American-born wife, Charlotte Garrigue.

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Herman Diamand

Herman Diamand (March 30, 1860 in Lviv – February 26, 1931 in Lviv) was a Polish lawyer and socialist politician, Member of the Imperial Council in Vienna, where he held XI and XII terms; during the Second Polish Republic he was a Member of Parliament of the Legislative, and for the first and second Sejm.

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Herman Potočnik

Herman Potočnik (pseudonym Hermann Noordung; 22 December 1892 – 27 August 1929) was a Slovene rocket engineer and pioneer of cosmonautics (astronautics).

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Herman Wohl

Herman Wohl (1877–1936) was born in Otinya near Stanislavov (now called Ivano-Frankivsk) in eastern Galicia, now Ukraine.

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Hermann Gollancz

Sir Hermann Gollancz (1852 – 15 October 1930) was a British rabbi and Hebrew scholar.

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Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza

Hermann Freiherr Kövess von Kövessháza (kövessházi báró Kövess Hermann; 30 March 1854 – 22 September 1924) was the final, and completely ceremonial, Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Hermann Ungar

Hermann Ungar (April 20, 1893 in Boskovice – October 28, 1929 in Prague) was a Czech-Jewish writer (in the German language) and an officer in Czechoslovakia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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Herminia Naglerowa

Herminia Naglerowa (sometimes wrote under the penname Jan Stycz, born 28 October 1890 in Zaliski near Brody, died 9 October 1957 in London) was a Polish writer and publicist.

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Herz Homberg

Herz Homberg (born at Libeň, near Prague, September 1749; died August 24, 1841 at Prague) was an Austrian-Jewish educator and writer.

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Hieronim Czarnowski

Hieronim Ignacy Czarnowski (January 1834 – 28 December 1902) was a Polish chess master and activist.

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Hillel Lichtenstein

Rabbi Hillel Lichtenstein (1814-1891) was an Hungarian rabbi and the leader of the extreme Orthodoxy in Hungary.

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Historical Jewish population comparisons

Jewish population centers have shifted tremendously over time, due to the constant streams of Jewish refugees created by expulsions, persecution, and officially sanctioned killing of Jews in various places at various times.

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Historiography of the Volyn tragedy

This article presents the historiography of the Wolyn tragedy as presented by historians in Poland and Ukraine after World War II.

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History of Austria

The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.

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History of Bălți

Bălţi is the second largest city in Moldova.

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History of Benndorf (Frohburg)

Benndorf is a small village in Germany, first mentioned in 1216.

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History of Bielsko-Biała

Bielsko-Biała is a city in southern Poland created after the merging of two closely situated cities, Bielsko and Biała, in 1951.

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History of Christianity in Ukraine

The history of Christianity in Ukraine dates back to the earliest centuries of the apostolic church and according to Radziwiłł Chronicle Saint Andrew has ascended on hills of the future city of Kiev.

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History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)

With the arrival of the Hungarians into the heart of the Central European Plain around 899, Slavic tribes of Vistulans, White Croats, and Lendians found themselves under Hungarian rule.

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History of Ivano-Frankivsk

Ivano-Frankivsk (Івано-Франківськ, Ivano-Frankivs'k; Iwano-Frankowsk; Iwano-Frankiwsk; translit, see also other names) is one of administrative centers in western Ukraine with almost 350 years of history as a city settlement.

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History of Katowice

The today's city of Katowice in Poland started as a conglomerate of a number of small farming and industrial village communities from the 13th century.

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History of Kiev

The history of Kiev, the largest city and the capital of Ukraine, is documented as going back at least 1,400 years.

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History of Kraków

Kraków (Cracow) is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with the urban population of 756,441 (2008).

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History of liberalism

Liberalism, the belief in freedom and human rights, is historically associated with thinkers such as John Locke and Montesquieu.

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History of Lithuania (1219–95)

The history of Lithuania between 1219 and 1295 concerns the establishment and early history of the first Lithuanian state, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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History of Lviv

Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv; Lwów; Lemberg; לעמבערג; Lvov, see also other names) is an administrative center in western Ukraine with more than a millennium of history as a settlement, and over seven centuries as a city.

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History of Maramureș

Maramureș (in Romanian; Dacian: Maramarista; Latin: Marmatia; Máramaros; Мармарощина) is a historical region in the north of Transylvania, along the upper Tisa River.

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History of Moldova

The history of Moldova can be traced to the 1350s, when the Principality of Moldavia, the medieval precursor of modern Moldova and Romania, was founded.

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History of Novi Sad

Novi Sad is the second largest city of Serbia.

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History of philosophy in Poland

The history of philosophy in Poland parallels the evolution of philosophy in Europe in general.

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History of Poland

The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Poland (1795–1918)

In 1795 the third and the last of the three 18th-century partitions of Poland ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of Poland (1939–1945)

The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II.

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History of Poland during World War I

While Poland did not exist as an independent state during World War I, its geographical position between the fighting powers meant that much fighting and terrific human and material losses occurred on the Polish lands between 1914 and 1918.

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History of Polish intelligence services

This article covers the history of Polish Intelligence services dating back to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of rail transport in Germany

The history of rail transport in Germany can be traced back to the 16th century.

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History of rail transport in Poland

The history of rail transport in Poland dates back to the first half of the 19th century when railways were built under Prussian, Russian, and Austrian rule.

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History of Russia

The History of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs.

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History of Russia (1892–1917)

Under Tsar Nicholas II (reigned 1894–1917), the Russian Empire slowly industrialized while repressing opposition in the political center and on the far left.

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History of Teschen

Teschen, one of the oldest towns in Silesia, has had a Slav population (Golensizi tribe) since at least the 7th century.

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History of the Balkans

The Balkans is an area situated in Southeastern and Eastern Europe.

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History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is generally conceived as also covering that of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party from which it evolved.

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History of the Jews in 18th-century Poland

The 18th-Century for the Jews of Poland was a tumultuous period as political unrest in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led to changes in the treatment and behavior of Jews living within its territory.

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History of the Jews in Ústí nad Labem

The history of the Jews in Ústí nad Labem in the Czech Republic dates back to 1848, following the emancipation of Austrian Jews.

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History of the Jews in Bessarabia

The history of the Jews in Bessarabia, a historical region in Eastern Europe, dates back hundreds of years.

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History of the Jews in Brody

The Jewish community of Brody (district city in Lviv region of western Ukraine) was one of the oldest and most well-known Jewish communities in the western part of Ukraine (and formerly in Austrian Empire / Poland up to 1939).

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History of the Jews in Hungary

Jews have a long history in the country now known as Hungary, with some records even predating the AD 895 Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin by over 600 years.

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History of the Jews in Romania

The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.

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History of the Jews in the United States

The history of the Jews in the United States has been part of the American national fabric since colonial times.

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History of the Jews in Ukraine

Jewish communities have existed in the territory of Ukraine from the time of Kievan Rus' (one of Kiev city gates was called Judaic) and developed many of the most distinctive modern Jewish theological and cultural traditions such as Hasidism.

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History of the Jews in Vienna

The history of the Jews in Vienna, Austria, goes back over eight hundred years.

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History of the petroleum industry

The petroleum industry is not of recent origin, but petroleum's current status as the key component of politics, society, and technology has its roots in the early 20th century.

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History of the petroleum industry in Canada

The Canadian petroleum industry arose in parallel with that of the United States.

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History of the Poles in the United States

The history of Poles in the United States dates to the American Colonial era.

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History of the Polish Army

The Polish Army (Wojsko Polskie) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland.

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History of the Ukrainian minority in Poland

The history of the Ukrainian minority in Poland dates back to the Late Middle Ages, preceding the 14th century Galicia–Volhynia Wars between Casimir III the Great of Poland, and Liubartas of Lithuania.

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History of Ukraine

Prehistoric Ukraine, as part of the Pontic steppe, has played an important role in Eurasian cultural contacts, including the spread of the Chalcolithic, the Bronze Age, Indo-European expansion and the domestication of the horse.

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Hlyniany

Hlynjány is a small town in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine.

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Hnat Khotkevych

Hnat Martynovych Khotkevych (Гнат Мартинович Хоткевич, also Gnat Khotkevich or Ihnat Khotkevych, born December 31, 1877 – died October 8, 1938) was a Ukrainian writer, ethnographer, playwright, composer, musicologist, and bandurist.

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Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral (Chicago)

Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Orthodox Church in America Diocese of the Midwest.

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Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Latvia in Lviv

The Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Latvia in Lviv was founded on 12 February 1975.

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Horacy Safrin

Horacy Safrin (1899 – 1980) was a Polish poet, comedian, author and translator.

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Horodok, Lviv Oblast

Horodok (Городо́к, Gródek) is a city in Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine.

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Horses in World War II

Horses in World War II were used by the belligerent nations for transportation of troops, artillery, materiel, and, to a lesser extent, in mobile cavalry troops.

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Hoshiv

Hoshiv (Гошів; Hoszów) is a village in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast of Ukraine, located about 4 km south east of Bolekhiv and 12 km north west of Dolyna, at around.

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Hotel Macdonald

The Fairmont Hotel Macdonald (generally known as the Hotel Macdonald or The Mac) is a hotel in Edmonton, Alberta.

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Hottenbach

Hottenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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House of Mindaugas

The House of Mindaugas was the first royal family of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, centered on Mindaugas, the first known and undoubted sovereign of Lithuania.

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Hoverla

Mount Hoverla (Говерла, Hoverla; Hóvár; Hovârla; Goverla, Howerla) at, is the highest mountain in Ukraine and part of the Carpathian Mountains.

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Hryhoriy Khomyshyn

The Blessed Hryhoriy Khomyshyn (also Hryhorij Khomyshyn, Григорій Лукич Хомишин, Grzegorz Chomyszyn) was a Ukrainian Greek Catholic bishop and hieromartyr.

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Hryhoriy Yakhymovych

Hryhoriy Yakhymovych (Григорій Яхимович, Hryhorij Jachymowycz; 16 February 1792 – 29 April 1863) was the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, and also a leading figure in the Ukrainian National Revival, from 1860 until his death in 1863.

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Hubinek

Hubinek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulhówek, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.

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Hugo W. Koehler

Hugo William Koehler (July 19, 1886 – June 17, 1941) (pronounced KAY-ler) was a United States Navy commander, secret agent and socialite.

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Hunziker

Hunziker is a surname from Switzerland.

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Husiatyn (Hasidic dynasty)

Husiatyn is the name of a Hasidic dynasty, whose founder was a scion of the Ruzhiner dynasty.

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Husiatyn Synagogue

The Husiatyn Synagogue (Festungs-Schule) is a former synagogue in Husiatyn, Galicia, Ukraine.

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Huta Pieniacka massacre

The Huta Pieniacka massacre was a massacre of the Polish inhabitants of the village Huta Pieniacka, located in modern-day Ukraine, which took place on February 28, 1944.

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Iazychie

Iazychie (Язичіє, Yazychiye) was a language variant in the 19th century and the early 20th century in Halychyna, Bukovina, and Zakarpattia in publishing, mostly of a reactionary persuasion, particularly by Ukrainian Russophiles (Moskvophiles).

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Ida Laura Pfeiffer

Ida Laura Pfeiffer (14 October 1797, Vienna – 27 October 1858, Vienna), née Reyer, was an Austrian traveler and travel book author.

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Ignace Reiss

Ignace Reiss (1899 – 4 September 1937) – also known as "Ignace Poretsky," "Ignatz Reiss," He was known as a nevozvrashchenec ("unreturnable").

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Ignacy Łukasiewicz

Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist.

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Ignacy Daszyński

Ignacy Ewaryst Daszyński (Zbaraż, 26 October 1866 – 31 October 1936, Bystra Śląska) was a Polish socialist politician, journalist, and very briefly Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic's first government, formed in Lublin in 1918.

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Ignacy Kruszewski

Ignacy Marceli Kruszewski (Lusławice, 6 January 1799 - 25 December 1879, Gogołów, near Jasło) was a Polish military leader.

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Ignacy Potocki

Count Roman Ignacy Potocki, generally known as Ignacy Potocki, (1750–1809) was a Polish nobleman, member of the influential magnate Potocki family, owner of Klementowice and Olesin (near Kurów), a politician, writer, and office holder.

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Ignaz von Szyszyłowicz

Ignaz von Szyszyłowicz (30 July 1857 – 17 February 1910) also known as Ignacy Szyszyłowicz was a Polish botanist born in Granica (Sosnowiec).

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II SS Panzer Corps

The II SS Panzer Corps was a German Waffen-SS armoured corps which saw action on both the Eastern and Western Fronts during World War II.

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Iivo Ahava

Iivo Ahava (born Afanasev, 19 February 1896, died 16 April 1919) was a Karelian-born Finnish military officer and nationalist who supported the idea of an independent East Karelia.

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Ill Bethisad

Ill Bethisad is an ongoing, collaborative alternate history project which currently has over 70 participants, originally created by Andrew Smith from New Zealand It was initiated in 1997 as the Brithenig Project.

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Ilmatar (album)

Ilmatar is Värttinä's 8th album, released in 2000.

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Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny

Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny (Illustrated Daily Courier), abbreviated IKC or Ikac, was a Polish daily newspaper as well as a publishing house.

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Imperial and Royal Army during the Napoleonic Wars

The Imperial and Royal or Imperial Austrian Army (Kaiserlich-königliche Armee, abbreviation "K.K. Armee") was strictly speaking, the armed force of the Holy Roman Empire under its last monarch, the Habsburg Emperor Francis II, although in reality, it was nearly all composed of the Habsburg army.

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Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops

The Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops (Kaiserliche und Königliche Luftfahrtruppen or K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen) was the air force of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire until the empire's demise in 1918.

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Inessa Armand

Inessa Fyodorovna Armand (born Elisabeth-Inès Stéphane d'Herbenville; May 8, 1874 – September 24, 1920) was a French-Russian communist politician, member of the Bolsheviks and feminist who spent most of her life in Russia.

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Infanta Blanca of Spain

Infanta Blanca of Spain (7 September 1868 – 25 October 1949) was the eldest child of Carlos, Duke of Madrid, Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain and his wife Princess Margherita of Bourbon-Parma.

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Infiltration tactics

In warfare, infiltration tactics involve small independent light infantry forces advancing into enemy rear areas, bypassing enemy front-line strongpoints, possibly isolating them for attack by follow-up troops with heavier weapons.

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Intermarium

Międzymorze, known in English as Intermarium, was a plan pursued after World War I by Polish leader Józef Piłsudski for a federation of Central and Eastern European countries.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.

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Ira Schnapp

Ira Schnapp (October 10, 1894 – July 24, 1969) was a logo designer and letterer who brought his classic and art deco design styles to DC Comics (then National Comics) beginning with the redesign of the Superman logo in 1940.

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Irena Turkevycz-Martynec

Irena Turkevycz-Martynec (1899-1983) was born in Brody, Ukraine, and came to Canada, to Winnipeg, in 1960.

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Ironi Alef High School

Ironi Alef High School (תיכון עירוני א'), previously Gymnasia Balfour (גימנסיה בלפור), is a famous high school located in Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Irving Adler

Irving Adler (April 27, 1913 – September 22, 2012) was an author, mathematician, scientist, political activist and educator.

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Iryna Vilde

Iryna Vilde, a pen name of Daryna Dmytrivna Polotniuk (Дарина Дмитрівна Полотнюк, née Makohon Макогон), was a Ukrainian writer and Soviet correspondent.

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Isaac Deutscher

Isaac Deutscher (3 April 1907 – 19 August 1967) was a Polish writer, journalist and political activist who moved to the United Kingdom at the outbreak of World War II.

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Isaac Erter

Isaac Erter (Yitzhak Erter; 1792–1851) was a Polish-Jewish satirist.

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Isaac Gastfreund

Isaac Gastfreund (about 1845 - after 1880, Vienna) was a Galician rabbinical scholar.

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Isaac Judah Schmelkes

Rabbi Yitsḥak Yehudah Schmelkes (1828–1906), a talmudic scholar of Galicia, was born in Lemberg (Lviv, Ukraine), the son of Ḥayyim Samuel Schmelkes, claiming descent from Eleazar b. Samuel Schmelke Rokeaḥ.

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Isaiah Horowitz

Isaiah ben Abraham Horowitz (ישעיה בן אברהם הלוי הורוויץ), (c. 1555 – March 24, 1630), also known as the Shelah haqQaddosh ("the holy Shelah") after the title of his best-known work, was a prominent Levite rabbi and mystic.

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Isaiah Kopinsky

Isaiah Kopinsky (Ісая Копинський, Исаия Копинский; b ? in Galicia region – 5 October 1640) was a Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan (official title – Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and All-Rus').

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Isamar Rosenbaum

Isamar Rosenbaum (1886–1973) was a Hasidic rebbe of the Hasidic dynasties of Nadvorna and Kretshnif.

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Isidor Isaac Rabi

Isidor Isaac Rabi (born Israel Isaac Rabi, 29 July 1898 – 11 January 1988) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging.

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Isidore Borecky

Bishop Isidore Borecky (Ісидор Ілярій Борецький; 1 October 1911 in Ostrivets, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day in Terebovlia Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine) – 23 July 2003 in Toronto, Canada) was a Ukrainian-born Canadian Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch.

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Israel Beck

Israel Beck (1891–1972) was a founding member of the Antwerpsche Diamantkring, the world’s largest and first-ever diamond bourse to be dedicated to rough diamonds trade.

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Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn

Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn (ישראל פרידמן מרוז'ין) (5 October 1796 – 9 October 1850Assaf, The Regal Way, p. 170.), also called Israel Ruzhin, was a Hasidic rebbe in 19th-century Ukraine and Austria.

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Israel Grodner

Israel (Yisrol) Grodner (ישראל גראָדנער; ca. 1848 – 1887) was one of the founding performers in Yiddish theater.

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Israel Rosenberg

Israel (also Yisroel or Yisrol) Rosenberg (c. 1850 – 1903 or 1904; Yiddish/Hebrew: ישראל ראָזענבערג) founded the first Yiddish theater troupe in Imperial Russia.

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Israel Schorr

Israel Schorr (1886 - April 9, 1935) was a prominent cantor during the Golden Age of Hazzanut.

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Israeli Jews

Israeli Jews (יהודים ישראלים, Yehudim Yisraelim), also known as Jewish Israelis, refers to Israeli citizens of the Jewish ethnicity or faith, and also the descendants of Israeli-Jewish emigrants outside of Israel.

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István Molnár (painter)

István Molnár (January 27, 1968 – June 21, 1993) was a Hungarian-born Ukrainian and Soviet painter, illustrator and musician.

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István Nagy (painter)

István Nagy (28 March 1873–13 February 1937) was a Hungarian artist who specialized in landscapes and figure painting.

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Iuliu Barasch

Iuliu Barasch or Baraş (1815—1863) was a Galician-born Jewish physician and writer who made his career in Romania.

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Ivan Aivazovsky

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Ива́н Константи́нович Айвазо́вский; 29 July 18172 May 1900) was an Armenian-Russian Romantic painter who is considered one of the greatest masters of marine art.

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Ivan Babij

Ivan Babij (March 5, 1893 in the village of Dobromirka – July 25, 1934 in Lwów) was a Ukrainian educator from Eastern Galicia, captain of the Ukrainian Galician Army, principal of a Ukrainian high school in Lwów, and activist of the Ukrainian Catholic Action.

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Ivan Bahrianyi

Ivan Bahrianyi (Iван Багряний) (2 October 1906, Okhtyrka, now Sumy region, Ukraine – 25 August 1963, Neu-Ulm, Germany) was a Ukrainian writer, essayist, novelist and politician, Shevchenko prize awardee (1992, postmortem).

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Ivan Krypiakevych

Ivan Krypiakevych (Іва́н Крип'яке́вич; 25 June 1886 – 21 April 1967) was a Ukrainian historian, academician, professor of Lviv University and director of the Institute of Social Sciences of Ukraine.

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Ivan Levynskyi

Ivan Ivanovich Levynskyi (Ukrainian: Іва́н Іва́нович Леви́нський, * July 6, 1851, Dolyna, now Ivano-Frankivsk region - † July 4, 1919, Lviv) was a Ukrainian architect, teacher, businessman and public figure.

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Ivan Mazepa

Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Іван Степанович Мазепа, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński). Retrieved 10 July 2015 served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708.

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Ivan the Russian

Ivan the Russian (Иван Русина, Ivan Rusina; Orosz Iván) (fl. 1288/1323–1332) was a 14th-century Bulgarian military leader of Russian origin who served Bulgarian tsars Michael Shishman and Ivan Alexander.

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Ivan Trush

Ivan Trush (Іван Труш, pronounced as Troosh: 1869–1941) was a Ukrainian impressionist painter, a master of landscape and portraiture, an art critic, and active community patron of arts in Galicia or Halychyna - a historical region in western Ukraine.

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Ivan Vahylevych

Ivan Vahylevych, Jan Wagilewicz, (born 2 September 1811 in Yasen, today in Rozhniativ Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine - died 10 May 1866 in Lviv) was Romantic poet, philologist, and ethnographer of the Galician revival in Western Ukraine.

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Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Івано-Франківська область, translit. Ivano-Frankivs’ka oblast’; also referred to as Prykarpattia – Прикарпаття or formerly as Stanislavshchyna or Stanislavivshchyna – Ukrainian: Станіславщина or Станиславівщина) is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine.

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Iwan Pylypow

Iwan Pylypiw or Ivan Pylypow (Iван Пилипiв, September 28, 1859 – October 10, 1936) and Vasyl Eleniak were the first Ukrainian immigrants to Canada in 1891–93.

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J. A. Baczewski

J.

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J.W. Mays

J.W. Mays, Inc. is a real estate firm based in Brooklyn, New York, United States.

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Jaśliska

Jaśliska (Яслиська, Yaslys’ka) is a village in Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Jack Diamond (Canadian businessman)

Jack Diamond, (April 9, 1909 – March 25, 2001) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist.

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Jack Stachel

Jacob Abraham "Jack" Stachel (19001965) was an American Communist functionary who was a top official in the Communist Party from the middle 1920s until his death in the middle 1960s.

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Jacob Avigdor

Yaakov Avigdor (also Jacob) (1896–1967) was a Polish rabbi, author and Holocaust survivor, who served as Chief Rabbi of Drohobych - Boryslav in Poland, and of the Ashkenazi Jewish community in Mexico.

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Jacob ben Joseph Reischer

Jacob ben Joseph Reischer (Bechofen) (1661-1733) was an Austrian rabbi and halakhist born at Prague.

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Jacob Caro

Jacob Caro (February 2, 1835 – December 12, 1904) was a Jewish German historian.

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Jacob Frank

Jacob Joseph Frank (יעקב פרנק, Jakub Józef Frank, born Jakub Lejbowicz; 1726 – December 10, 1791) was an 18th-century Polish-Jewish religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of the self-proclaimed messiah Sabbatai Zevi (1626–1676) and also of the biblical patriarch Jacob.

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Jacob Itzhak Niemirower

Rabbi Dr.

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Jacob Pavlovich Adler

Jacob Pavlovich Adler (born Yankev P. Adler; February 12, 1855 – April 1, 1926)IMDB biography was a Jewish actor and star of Yiddish theater, first in Odessa, and later in London and in New York City's Yiddish Theater District.

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Jacob Pinkerfield

Jacob Pinkerfeld, also spelled Pinkerfield (1897-1956) (יעקב פינקרפלד) was an Israeli archaeologist and architect.

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Jaime, Duke of Madrid

Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma, known as Duke of Madrid and as Jacques de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou in France (27 June 1870 – 2 October 1931), was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Jaime III and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France as Jacques I.

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Jakob Edelstein

Jakob Edelstein (AKA Yacov, Yaakov, Jakub Edelstein or Edlstein), (Horodenka (Galicia), 25 July 1903 – 20 June 1944 Auschwitz) was a Czechoslovak Zionist, social democrat and the first Jewish Elder in the Theresienstadt ghetto.

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Jakob Ehrlich

Jakob Ehrlich (15 September 1877 - 17 May 1938), was an early Zionist and leader of the Jewish Community in Vienna, Austria.

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Jakob Eisenscher

Jakob Eisenscher (1896–1980) was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and is an Israeli artist.

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Jakob Erdheim

Jakob Erdheim (24 May 1874, Boryslav, Galicia – 18 April 1937, Vienna) was an Austrian pathologist.

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Jakub Strzemię

Blessed Jakub Strzemię (c. 1340 - 20 October 1409) was a Polish Roman Catholic archbishop and a professed member of the Order of Friars Minor.

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