Pediatric Cases by Disease / Problem

A

• June 12, 2023 – What Are Some High or Low FODMAPs Foods?
• May 9, 2016 – What Causes Pelvic Pain?
• November 9, 2015 – What Are Potential Treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
• September 7, 2015 – Intussusception By The Numbers
• July 21, 2014 – What Causes Abdominal Distention?
• September 16, 2013 – What is the Definition of Acute Pancreatitis?
• July 22, 2013 – When In Rome Use the Criteria
• February 25, 2013 – What Causes Constipation?
• September 19, 2005 – Acute Abdominal Pain Through the Ages. What Causes It?
• August 15, 2005 – What are the Clinical Presentations of Intussusception?
• May 23, 2005 – How Often Does Appendicitis Perforate?
• December 27, 2004 – What Causes Recurrent Abdominal Pain?

Abnormalities see Birth Defects

ABO Blood Groups see Blood and Blood Disorders

Abortion

About Your Medicines see Medicines ; Over-the-Counter Medicines

Abscesses

• August 21, 2023 – What Are Underlying Risk Factors for Liver Abscesses?
• March 1, 2021 – Who Gets Pott’s Puffy Tumor?
• February 26, 2018 – How Do Deep Neck Infections Present?
• July 13, 2015 – Are These Abscesses?
• May 27, 2013 – What Are the Potential Complications of a Retropharyngeal Abscess?
• May 7, 2007 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of a Breast Mass?

Abuse see Domestic Violence

Accident Prevention see Safety Issues

Accidents see Falls ; First Aid ; Injuries

Achondroplasia see Dwarfism

Acid Reflux see Gastroesophageal Reflux/Hiatal Hernia ; Heartburn

ACL Injuries see Knee Injuries and Disorders

Acne

• January 16, 2017 – What Are Options for Acne Treatment?
• October 17, 2005 – What are the Treatment Recommendations for Acne?

Acoustic Neuroma

• March 27, 2006 – What Causes Hearing Loss?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome see AIDS

Acromegaly see Growth Disorders ; Pituitary Disorders

Acupuncture

• June 1, 2020 – What is Dry Needling?

Acute Pancreatitis see Pancreatitis

ADD see Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Addison’s Disease

• May 4, 2015 – How Do You Treat Adrenal Crisis?

Adenoids see Tonsils/Tonsillectomy

ADHD see Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Adhesions

Adolescent Development see Teen Development

Adolescent Health see Teen Health

Adoption

• March 11, 2013 – What Can I Do To Help With Sibling Rivalry?
• October 26, 2009 – What Problems Do I Need to Screen This New International Adoptee or Domestic Foster Care Child For?

Adrenal Gland Disorders

• February 5, 2024 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of a Suprarenal Mass?
• May 4, 2015 – How Do You Treat Adrenal Crisis?

Adrenoleukodystrophy see Leukodystrophies

Adult Immunization see Immunization

Advance Directives

• October 6, 2014 – What Are Legal Issues that Affect Health?

African-American Health

Age-Related Macular Degeneration see Macular Degeneration

Agent Orange see Veteran’s Health

Ageusia see Taste and Smell Disorders

Aging see Seniors’ Health Issues

Aging Skin see Skin Aging

AIDS

• June 27, 2011 – What is the Risk of HIV Transmission from an Inanimate Object?
• February 14, 2005 – When Should Antiretroviral Therapy be Started for Non-Occupational Exposure to HIV?

AIDS and Infections

AIDS and Pregnancy

AIDS–Living with AIDS

AIDS Medicines

• February 14, 2005 – When Should Antiretroviral Therapy be Started for Non-Occupational Exposure to HIV?

Air Pollution

• October 30, 2023 – What is PM2.5 and the AQI?

Airsickness see Motion Sickness

Alagille Syndrome see Liver Diseases

Alaska Native Health see Native-American Health

Alcohol

• July 23, 2012 – What Are the CRAFFT Questions?

Alcohol Abuse

Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy see Pregnancy and Substance Abuse

Alcohol and Youth see Underage Drinking

Alcohol Consumption see Alcohol

Alcoholism

• July 23, 2012 – What Are the CRAFFT Questions?

Allergy – and see also Anaphylaxis

• May 17, 2021 – What are Common Causes of Anaphylaxis?
• March 5, 2018 – What are Indications for Allergen-specific Immunotherapy?
• May 2, 2016 – What Causes Vomiting?
• July 7, 2014 – How Much Cetirizine Can Be Used?
• September 17, 2012 – What Are Indications for Allergy Testing?
• July 18, 2011 – There are Bugs in the House!
• December 7, 2009 – How Can I Test for Nickel?
• June 29, 2009 – Can I Prescribe a Cephalosporin If He Is Allergic to Penicillin?
• March 3, 2008 – DRESS Syndrome in the Differential

Allergy, Food see Food Allergy

Allergy, Latex see Latex Allergy

Alopecia see Hair Diseases and Hair Loss

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

• April 24, 2017 – How Common is Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency?

ALS see Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Alternative Medicine – and see also Complementary and Integrative Medicine

• February 29, 2016 – Is Coconut Oil Really Helpful as a Topical Antibacterial Agent?
• July 31, 2006 – What Can I Do For Her Motion Sickness?

Alternative Therapy for Cancer see Cancer Alternative Therapy

Alzheimer’s Caregivers

Alzheimer’s Disease

Amblyopia

• January 4, 2021 – How Good is Photoscreening For Young Children’s Vision Problems?

AMD see Macular Degeneration

Amenorrhea see Menstruation

Amnesia see Memory

Amniocentesis see Prenatal Testing

Amphetamines see Club Drugs ; Methamphetamine

Amputees

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Anabolic Steroids

• May 22, 2006 – Can I Use Creatine?

Anal and Rectal Diseases

• October 31, 2022 – What Causes Anal Itching?
• February 28, 2022 – What Causes Rectal Prolapse?
• May 18, 2015 – When Do Hemorrhoids Occur in Children?

Anal Cancer

Anal Warts see HPV ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Anaphylaxis – and see also Allergy

• May 17, 2021 – What are Common Causes of Anaphylaxis?

Anatomy

• October 17, 2022 – Which Side Are the Organs On?

Anemia

• February 6, 2023 – What Laboratory Tests Are Consistent with Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood?
• May 15, 2017 – What Causes Anemia?
• April 17, 2016 – What Are Common Causes of Congenital Aplastic Anemia?
• November 10, 2014 – “Which is More Accurate, the Hemoglobin or the Hematocrit?”
• March 3, 2014 – What Are the Potential Side Effects of Iron Therapy?
• October 23, 2006 – How is Elemental Iron and Lead Related to Heme Synthesis?
• December 19, 2005 – Why is the Anemia Not Correcting?

Anencephaly see Neural Tube Defects

Anesthesia

• August 11, 2008 – What Drugs Can Trigger Malignant Hyperthermia?

Aneurysms

• February 22, 2021 – How Common are Aortic Aneurysms?

Angina

Angioplasty

Animal Bites – and see also Bites and Stings

• April 25, 2016 – What Do You Do When the Rabies Vaccination Schedule is Off Schedule?

Animal Diseases and Your Health

• April 25, 2016 – What Do You Do When the Rabies Vaccination Schedule is Off Schedule?
• July 11, 2011 – What are the New Recommendations for Rabies Vaccine Treatment?
• February 7, 2011 – What Diseases are Spread Directly by Rodents?

Animal Health see Pets and Pet Health

Ankle Injuries and Disorders

• May 1, 2017 – How Good Are Ankle Rules for Determining If a Patient Needs An X-Ray?
• April 18, 2005 – What are the Grades for Ankle Sprains?

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Anorexia see Eating Disorders

Anosmia see Taste and Smell Disorders

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury see Knee Injuries and Disorders

Anthrax

Antibiotics

• June 29, 2009 – Can I Prescribe a Cephalosporin If He Is Allergic to Penicillin?

Antidepressants

• May 8, 2023 – What Are the Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome?

Antimicrobial Resistance see Antibiotics ; Infectious Diseases

Antioxidants

Anxiety

• September 26, 2022 – What Are Treatments for Panic Disorder?
• April 4, 2022 – Who’s Afraid of Needles?
• October 25, 2021 – What is Refeeding Syndrome?
• March 15, 2021 – What Are Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treatment Components?
• February 26, 2007 – How Do You Differentiate Fears and Phobias?
• March 21, 2005 – What Do You Do When An Adolescent Is Out of Control?

Aortic Stenosis see Heart Valve Diseases

Aphasia

Aplastic Anemia – and see also Anemia

• April 17, 2016 – What Are Common Causes of Congenital Aplastic Anemia?

Appendicitis

• May 9, 2016 – What Causes Pelvic Pain?
• May 23, 2005 – How Often Does Appendicitis Perforate?

Arctic Health see Native-American Health

Arm Injuries and Disorders

• January 30, 2012 – What is the Mnemonic for the Elbow Ossification Centers?

Arnold-Chiari Malformation see Head and Brain Malformations

Arrhythmia

• June 22, 2020 – What Causes Bradycardia?
• March 23, 2020 – What Causes Tachycardia?
• July 14, 2014 – What Medications Should Be Avoided with Long QT Syndrome?
• November 19, 2012 – What Are the Causes of Premature Atrial Contractions?
• October 15, 2007 – What Causes Heart Failure?
• March 5, 2007 – How Common is Syncope?

Arthrography see Joint Disorders

Arthroplasty see Hip Replacement; Joint Disorders; Knee Replacement

Arthroscopy see Joint Disorders

Arsenic

• October 12, 2009 – Is There Arsenic in My Environment?

Arteriosclerosis of Extremities see Peripheral Arterial Disease

Arteriosclerosis, Coronary see Coronary Disease

Arteriovenous Malformations

• January 29, 2018 – Should I Worry About This Telangiectasia?

Arthritis

Artificial Feeding see Nutritional Support

Artificial Insemination see Infertility

Artificial Limbs see Amputees

Asbestos

Asbestosis see Asbestos

Asian-American Health

Asperger’s Syndrome

Assisted Breathing see Critical Care

Assisted Living

Assistive Devices

Asthma

• December 2, 2019 – What Causes Respiratory Failure?
• June 17, 2019 – What is the Morbidity Rate for Smoke Inhalation?
• July 30, 2018 – What Causes School Failure?
• January 5, 2015 – Is A Specific Corticosteroid Better for Treatment of Asthma Than Another?
• December 8, 2008 – Are Leukotriene Modulators Effective for Treating Atopic Dermatitis?
• November 20, 2006 – How Do I Treat Asthma According to the NIH Guidelines?

Asthma in Children

• December 2, 2019 – What Causes Respiratory Failure?
• July 30, 2018 – What Causes School Failure?
• January 5, 2015 – Is A Specific Corticosteroid Better for Treatment of Asthma Than Another?
• December 8, 2008 – Are Leukotriene Modulators Effective for Treating Atopic Dermatitis?
• November 20, 2006 – How Do I Treat Asthma According to the NIH Guidelines?

Astigmatism see Refractive Errors

Ataxia see Cerebellar Disorders ;Degenerative Nerve Diseases ; Friedreich’s Ataxia ;Movement Disorders

Ataxia Telangiectasia

• January 29, 2018 – Should I Worry About This Telangiectasia?

Athlete’s Foot

Atrial Fibrillation see Arrhythmia

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

• June 5, 2017 – How Do I Keep My Prescription Stimulant Safe At College?
• November 19, 2012 – What Are the Causes of Premature Atrial Contractions?
• September 20, 2010 – “Where Do We Begin?”
• February 2, 2010 – What Is the Differential Diagnosis of Attentional Problems?
• January 10, 2005 – What Are the Facial Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
• November 22, 2004 – What Causes Chronic Chest Pain?

Auditory Tumor see Acoustic Neuroma

Autism

• December 13, 2010 – What Should be Considered for “Medically Clearing” a Patient with Psychiatric Problems?
• August 22, 2005 – What Social Services are Available in the Community?

Autoimmune Diseases

Automobile Safety see Motor Vehicle Safety

Autonomic Nervous System Disorders

• August 15, 2022 – What is Ondine’s Curse?
• August 23, 2021 – What Causes Anisocoria?
• September 30, 2013 – What Are the Symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia?
• March 29, 2010 – What is POTS Again?
• March 10, 2008 – What Information Should Be in a Health Care Plan for a Child with Special Health Care Needs?

Avascular Necrosis see Osteonecrosis

Avian Influenza see Bird Flu

B

Return to top

Baby Care see Infant and Newborn Care

Back Injuries

• November 1, 2010 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Back Pain?

Back Pain

• November 1, 2010 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Back Pain?

Bacterial Infections

• December 18, 2023 – When Should We Consider A Rickettsial Disease?
• April 12, 2021 – What Are Toxin-Mediated Diseases?
• October 1, 2018 – What is the Blood Culture Recovery Rate After Antibiotic Pretreatment?
• September 3, 2007 – What Should I Order for An Immune Workup?

Bacterial Vaginosis see Vaginal Diseases

Balance Disorders see Dizziness and Vertigo

Bariatric Surgery see Weight Loss Surgery

Barrett’s Esophagus see Esophagus Disorders

Basal Cell Carcinoma see Skin Cancer

Basedow’s Disease see Hyperthyroidism

Bedsores see Pressure Sores

Bedwetting see Toilet Training and Bedwetting

Bee Stings see Insect Bites and Stings

Behcet’s Syndrome

• August 12, 2013 – What is the Criteria for Diagnosing Beçhet’s disease?

Bell’s Palsy

• June 3, 2019 – What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy see Prostate Diseases

Benign Tumors

• June 15, 2020 – What Causes Pyogenic Granulomas?
• January 9, 2012 – When Is More Treatment Needed for Infantile Hemangiomas?
• August 23, 2010 – Is This An Epidermal Cyst?
• June 30, 2008 – What Causes Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?
• February 18, 2008 – What Are Some of the Common Overgrowth Syndromes?

Bereavement

• July 11, 2022 – What is Prolonged Grief Disorder?

Bicycle Safety see Sports Safety

Bile Duct Diseases

• January 30, 2023 – How Good is Cholecystectomy For Biliary Dyskinesia in Pediatric Patients?
• May 17, 2010 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Hyperphosphatasemia?
• February 9, 2009 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Direct Hyperbilirubinemia?

Biliary Cirrhosis see Bile Duct Diseases

Biliary Tract Diseases see Bile Duct Diseases ; Gallbladder Diseases

Binge Eating see Eating Disorders

Biodefense and Bioterrorism

Bioethics see MedicalEthics

Biological Weapons see Biodefense and Bioterrorism

Bioterrorism see Biodefense and Bioterrorism

Bipolar Disorder

• February 18, 2019 – How Common is Bipolar Disorder?

Bird Flu

Birth Control

• February 14, 2022 – When Can Menstrual Suppression Start in Patients with a Disability?
• January 24, 2011 – What are the Laws Regarding Teenage Contraception?

Birth Defects

• April 24, 2023 – What Are the Goals of Hypospadias Repair?
• February 15, 2021 – When Should Cutis Aplasia be Worked Up?
• January 18, 2021 – What Are Potential Problems of Congenital Lung Malformations?
• April 27, 2020 – Fragile X in the Family
• April 6, 2020 – How Common are Congenital Rib Abnormalities?
• August 19, 2019 – What Does the General Pediatrician Do When There Are Concerns for a Rare Disease?
• March 4, 2019 – What Are the Types of Tracheoesophageal Fistulas?
• January 8, 2018 – What Are Cutaneous Lesions Associated with Occult Spinal Dysraphism?
• April 21, 2014 – What Treatment is Available for Lymphatic Malformations?
• May 6, 2013 – How Often Does Clubfoot Recur?
• April 30, 2012 – What Are the Different Types of Conjoined Twins?
• August 17, 2009 – What Are the Complications of Cardiothoracic Surgery?
• September 8, 2008 – What Other Abnormalities are Associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
• June 2, 2008 – What’s Wrong With His Belly Button?
• February 18, 2008 – What Are Some of the Common Overgrowth Syndromes?
• April 2, 2007 – Can You Help Me? I Don’t Remember All Those Brain Malformations?
• December 4, 2006 – What Causes Neonatal Bilious Emesis?

Birth Weight

• January 14, 2019 – What Are Potential Complications of Large for Gestational Birthweight?
• December 10, 2018 – What are Some of the Causes of SGA?
• February 12, 2018 – What Growth Charts Are Best?

Birthmarks

• July 18, 2022 – How Are Port-Wine Stains Treated?
• January 9, 2012 – When Is More Treatment Needed for Infantile Hemangiomas?

Bisexual Health see Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Health

Bites and Stings

• December 18, 2023 – When Should We Consider A Rickettsial Disease?
• November 30, 2015 – What are the Most Common Arboviruses in Children in the US?
• July 11, 2011 – What are the New Recommendations for Rabies Vaccine Treatment?
• August 24, 2009 – If I Had To, How Would I Use Anti-Venom?
• November 14, 2005 – How Do You Treat Mammalian Bites?
• April 25, 2005 – When Should You Evaluate Lymphadenopathy?

Black Widow Spider Bites see Spider Bites

Bladder Cancer

Bladder Control see Urinary Incontinence

Bladder Diseases

• June 19, 2017 – What Causes Urinary Hesitancy?
• September 8, 2008 – What Other Abnormalities are Associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
• August 20, 2007 – How Do You Categorize Bladder Dysfunction?
• August 29, 2005 – What Causes Gross Hematuria?

Bleeding Disorders

• December 14, 2015 – Why Is It Called Christmas Disease?
• August 10, 2009 – What Forms of Vitamin K Exist?
• January 26, 2009 – “Don’t You Remember What Disease Causes Bleeding in Albino Puerto Ricans?”
• January 24, 2005 – What are the Different Types of von Willebrand Disease?
• January 18, 2005 – What is the Approach to a Child with Thrombocytopenia?

Bleeding, Gastrointestinal see Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Blepharospasm see Eye Lid Disorders

Blindness see Vision Impairment and Blindness

Blood and Blood Disorders

• July 19, 2021 – When is Post-Operative Bleeding Most Likely to Occur after a Tonsillectomy?
• March 2, 2020 – What Causes Neutropenia?
• April 29, 2019 – What Clinical Symptoms Can An Infant with Polycythemia Have?
• May 25, 2015 – What Are Common Inherited Thrombophilias?
• June 24, 2013 – What Causes Lymphocytosis?
• January 26, 2009 – “Don’t You Remember What Disease Causes Bleeding in Albino Puerto Ricans?”
• August 18, 2008 – How Common is RhD Isoimmunization?
• June 30, 2008 – What Causes Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?
• May 1, 2006 – What Causes Eosinophilia?

Blood Cells see Blood and Blood Disorders

Blood Clots

• May 25, 2015 – What Are Common Inherited Thrombophilias?

Blood Coagulation Disorders see Bleeding Disorders ; Hemophilia

Blood Donation see Blood Transfusion and Donation

Blood Platelet Disorders see Platelet Disorders

Blood Poisoning see Sepsis

Blood Pressure see High Blood Pressure ; Low Blood Pressure

Blood Tests see Laboratory Tests

Blood Transfusion and Donation

• December 16, 2019 – What Are Some Potential Adverse Effects of Blood Donation?

Blood-Borne Pathogens see Infection Control

BMI see Body Weight; Weight Control

Body Lice see Parasitic Diseases

Body Weight

• October 21, 2019 – Bulking Up For Sports?

Bone Cancer

• January 2, 2006 – How Common Are Second Primary Malignancies?

Bone Diseases

• April 1, 2024 – What Is That In Her Mouth?
• November 30, 2020 – How Common Are Bone Spurs in Young Athletes?
• May 17, 2010 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Hyperphosphatasemia?
• May 25, 2009 – What are the Common Benign Bone Tumors?
• January 5, 2009 – How Much Vitamin D is in Milk?
• October 30, 2006 – What Organisms Cause Osteomyelitis?

Bone Grafts

Bone Loss see Osteoporosis

Bone Marrow Diseases

• April 17, 2016 – What Are Common Causes of Congenital Aplastic Anemia?

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Botanicals see Herbal Medicine

Botox

Botulinum Toxin see Botox ; Botulism

Botulism

• March 23, 2015 – What Temperature Should Food Be Cooked To for Botulism Prevention?
• June 19, 2006 – How Common is Infantile Botulism?

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy see Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Bowel Obstruction see Intestinal Obstruction

BPH see Prostate Diseases

Braces, Oral see Orthodontia

Brachial Plexus Injuries see Peripheral Nerve Disorders

Brachytherapy see Radiation Therapy

Brain Attack see Stroke

Brain Cancer

• May 18, 2009 – How Common Are Second Malignancies After a Primary Malignancy?

Brain Concussion see Concussion

Brain Diseases

• November 7, 2011 – What Can Cause Memory Problems?
• March 14, 2005 – What is the Classification of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)?

Brain Disorders, Inborn Genetic see Genetic Brain Disorders

Brain Injury see Concussion; Traumatic Brain Injury – and see also Head and Brain Injuries

Brain Malformations – and see also Head and Brain Malformations

Breast Cancer

• October 21, 2013 – When in the Future Should An Adolescent Be Screened for Breast Cancer?

Breast Cancer, Male see Male Breast Cancer

Breast Diseases

• May 25, 2020 – How Long Does Neonatal Galactorrhea Last?
• October 17, 2016 – What Causes Neonatal Mastitis?
• March 23, 2009 – Where Can I Get Information About CAM?
• May 7, 2007 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of a Breast Mass?

Breast Feeding

• April 3, 2023 – What Immunity Do Breast Milk Antibodies Confer?
• January 10, 2022 – How Much Should a Newborn Eat?
• May 11, 2020 – How Much Breast Milk Does a Lactating Woman Make?
• December 8, 2014 – What Are the Advantages of Human Donor Breastmilk?
• September 13, 2010 – What Are Significant Contraindications for Breastfeeding?
• April 23, 2007 – Can Lyme Disease be Transmitted by Breast Milk?
• July 11, 2006 – Can I Use This Medicine When I am Breastfeeding?

Breast Implants see Breast Reconstruction

Breast Reconstruction

Breast Reduction see Breast Reconstruction

Breathing Problems

• April 15, 2013 – How Do Airway Malacias Present?
• July 9, 2012 – What Causes Wheezing?

Broken Bones see Fractures

Bronchial Asthma see Asthma

Bronchial Disorders

• May 10, 2021 – What Are Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
• December 15, 2014 – What Are Risk Factors for Progression To Severe Disease with Bronchiolitis?

Bronchiectasis see Bronchial Disorders

Bronchiolitis see Bronchial Disorders ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Bronchitis

Brown Recluse Spider Bites see Spider Bites

Bruises

BSE see Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Bubonic Plague see Plague

Bulimia see Eating Disorders

Bullying

• May 14, 2012 – What Type of Problems is Bullying Associated With?

Bunions see Toe Injuries and Disorders

Burns

• March 30, 2009 – When Should a Child Be Admitted for a Burn?
• January 16, 2007 – How Should I Counsel about Injury Prevention?

Bursitis

• November 3, 2014 – Is This Bursitis?

C

Return to top

C. diff. Infections see Clostridium Difficile Infections

CABG see Heart Bypass Surgery

Caffeine

• January 18, 2016 – How Much Caffeine is Okay to Consume?

Calcium

• March 25, 2013 – What Causes Hypercalcemia?

CAM see Complementary and Integrative Medicine

Campylobacter see Food Contamination and Poisoning

Canavan Disease see Leukodystrophies

Cancer

• February 5, 2024 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of a Suprarenal Mass?
• May 18, 2009 – How Common Are Second Malignancies After a Primary Malignancy?
• February 2, 2009 – What Causes a False Positive Monospot Test?
• July 7, 2008 – I Don’t Take Care of Adults, but Maybe I Can Still Help?
• January 2, 2006 – How Common Are Second Primary Malignancies?

Cancer Alternative Therapy

Cancer, Benign see Benign Tumors

Cancer Chemotherapy

Cancer in Children

• April 11, 2022 – What Are the Genetics of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)?
• July 20, 2020 – What Are Some Pediatric Oncological Emergencies?
• July 4, 2016 – What Are The Most Common Pediatric Cancers?
• July 25, 2011 – What Are the Indications for PET and PET/CT?
• May 18, 2009 – How Common Are Second Malignancies After a Primary Malignancy?

Cancer–Living with Cancer

• July 20, 2020 – What Are Some Pediatric Oncological Emergencies?
• July 7, 2008 – I Don’t Take Care of Adults, but Maybe I Can Still Help?

Candidiasis see Yeast Infections

Canker Sore see Mouth Disorders

Cannabis see Marijuana Abuse

Car Safety see Motor Vehicle Safety

Carbohydrates

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

• February 13, 2006 – What Evaluation Should be Done for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?

Carcinoid Tumors

Carcinoma see Cancer

Cardiac Arrest

• October 1, 2012 – What Are Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death?

Cardiac Diseases see Heart Diseases

Cardiomyopathy

• February 25, 2019 – What Is the Most Common Type of Cardiomyopathy?
• October 1, 2012 – What Are Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation see CPR

Cardiovascular Diseases see Heart Diseases; Vascular Diseases

Careers see Health Occupations

Caregivers

• October 6, 2014 – What Are Legal Issues that Affect Health?

Caregivers for Alzheimer’s Disease see Alzheimer’s Caregivers

Carotid Artery Disease

Carotid Endarterectomy see Stroke

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carsickness see Motion Sickness

Cartilage Disorders

• April 28, 2014 – How is Pectus Carinatum Treated?
• January 25, 2010 – What Causes Respiratory Distress?

CAT Scans see CT Scans

Cat Bites see Animal Bites

Cat Scratch Disease

Cataract

• November 26, 2007 – Why Are My Baby’s Eyes Dancing?

Celiac Disease

• July 30, 2007 – What Tests are Available for Celiac Disease?

Cell Phones see Electromagnetic Fields

Cellulitis

Cerebellar Disorders

• March 31, 2014 – What Causes Ataxia?

Cerebral Palsy

• April 29, 2024 – How Do You Diagnose Cerebral Palsy?
• March 9, 2020 – What Are Some Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy?

Cerebrovascular Disease see Stroke

Cervical Cancer

Cervical Spine see Neck Disorders and Injuries

Cesarean Section

CFS see Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chagas Disease

Chalazion see Eye Lid Disorders

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

• November 16, 2015 – What Are the Clinical Presentation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease?

Charley Horse see Muscle Cramps

Chemical Weapons

Chemotherapy see Cancer Chemotherapy

Chest Injuries and Disorders

• February 20, 2023 – What Causes Mediastinal Masses?
• April 28, 2014 – How is Pectus Carinatum Treated?

Chest Pain see Angina ; Pain

Chewing Tobacco see Smokeless Tobacco

Chickenpox

• October 30, 2007 – What Are the Indications for Use of Acyclovir and Post-Varicella Immunization in a Healthy Patient?

Child Abuse

• October 18, 2021 – What Causes Irritability?
• August 30, 2010 – When Should Retinal Hemorrhages be Considered Suspicious for Non-Accidental Head Injury?
• April 28, 2008 – What Types of Femur Fractures Are Concerning for Possible Child Abuse?
• April 14, 2008 – What Are the Indications for a DXA Scan in Children?
• December 3, 2007 – How Old Are Those Subdural Hematomas?
• July 16, 2007 – How Can I Help One of My Moms Develop a Safety Plan?
• September 18, 2006 – What Should I Do When I’m Called To See A Drug-Exposed Child?
• June 6, 2005 – What Are Some of the Presentations for Child Abuse and Neglect?

Child Behavior Disorders

• July 12, 2021 – Considerations About Deciding to Send a Child to School
• November 16, 2020 – What Distinguishes Childhood Masturbation from Other Potential Diagnostic Entities?
• February 11, 2019 – What Should You Do About Head Banging?
• March 26, 2018 – What Problems are Caused by Non-Nutritive Sucking Habits?
• October 16, 2017 – What Are the Health Needs of Incarcerated Youth?
• May 8, 2017 – What Causes School Absenteeism?
• October 5, 2015 – What Are Some of the Complications of Shyness?
• June 29, 2015 – What Does Discipline Really Mean?
• April 4, 2011 – Does Oppositional Defiant Disorder Abate?
• December 13, 2010 – What Should be Considered for “Medically Clearing” a Patient with Psychiatric Problems?
• November 14, 2005 – How Do You Treat Mammalian Bites?
• March 21, 2005 – What Do You Do When An Adolescent Is Out of Control?

Child Day Care

• August 7, 2006 – What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Types of Child Care?
• November 14, 2005 – How Do You Treat Mammalian Bites?

Child Dental Health

• April 1, 2024 – What Is That In Her Mouth?
• November 14, 2022 – What Are the Potential Benefits and Risks of Premasticated Foods?
• August 24, 2020 – How Are Dental Abscesses Treated?
• January 6, 2020 – What are Indications for Wisdom Teeth Removal?
• May 14, 2018 – His Tooth is Funny Looking. What is It?
• March 26, 2018 – What Problems are Caused by Non-Nutritive Sucking Habits?
• November 19, 2012 – What Are the Causes of Premature Atrial Contractions?
• August 20, 2012 – What Causes Halitosis?
• January 21, 2008 – Can He Use My Toothpaste?
• August 6, 2007 – How Often Do Cervical Spine Radiographs Need to Be Obtained for Down Syndrome Patients?
• March 26, 2007 – Fluoride Varnish – What Is It?
• September 5, 2006 – When Will His Teeth Fall Out?
• August 1, 2005 – What are the Physical Status Classifications for a Pre-Anesthesia Evaluation?
• June 29, 2005 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Abnormally Colored Teeth?

Child Development

• February 12, 2024 – How Can I Remember the Progression of Gesell Figures?
• January 22, 2024 – 7 is a Magic Number?
• January 15, 2024 – 5 is a Magic Number?
• January 8, 2024 – 3 is a Magic Number?
• May 22, 2023 – Why Does He Rock His Body?
• January 23, 2023 – What Are Potential Treatments for Hyperacusis?
• June 13, 2022 – At What Age Do Children Have Imaginary Friends?
• February 10, 2020 – When Does Executive Function Happen?
• August 7, 2017 – What Can Parents Do To Promote Literacy?
• July 10, 2017 – Do Children Grow Overnight?
• October 5, 2015 – What Are Some of the Complications of Shyness?
• June 9, 2014 – His Weight Gain is Slowing Down
• August 31, 2009 – How Do I Calculate Mid-Parental Height and Other Growth Parameters?
• August 1, 2005 – What are the Physical Status Classifications for a Pre-Anesthesia Evaluation?

Child Mental Health

• May 22, 2023 – Why Does He Rock His Body?
• July 11, 2022 – What is Prolonged Grief Disorder?
• June 13, 2022 – At What Age Do Children Have Imaginary Friends?
• March 15, 2021 – What Are Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treatment Components?
• February 11, 2019 – What Should You Do About Head Banging?
• October 31, 2011 – What Are Risk Factors for Grade Retention?
• May 10, 2010 – We’re Moving. How Can I Help My Child?
• May 27, 2008 – What is the Diagnostic Criteria for PANDAS?

Child Molestation see Child Sexual Abuse

Child Nutrition

• November 14, 2022 – What Are the Potential Benefits and Risks of Premasticated Foods?
• September 30, 2019 – What Affects the Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Milk Substitutes?
• November 13, 2017 – How Long Do Late Preterm Infants Need Supplemental Feedings?
• November 28, 2016 – What Picky Eaters Really Don’t Eat?
• September 26, 2016 – Family Meals: They Do Everyone Good
• September 29, 2014 – What Are the Essential Amino Acids and How Much Protein Do I Need?
• September 24, 2012 – Weight Loss: The Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with One Step
• October 10, 2011 – When Should Children Begin Fasting?
• January 5, 2009 – How Much Vitamin D is in Milk?
• September 2, 2008 – What Types of Foods Should Vegetarians Eat to Maintain Proper Nutrition?

Child Safety

• November 13, 2023 – Child Safety Seats for At-Risk Children
• January 22, 2018 – How Do I Counsel Families to Use Car Seats Safely in the Winter?
• August 14, 2017 – What Should Parents Teach Their Children About Stranger Safety?
• February 27, 2017 – Safety Risks of Baltic Amber Teething Necklaces and Similar Cultural Practices?
• January 23, 2012 – What Can Parents Do To Keep Their Children Safe on Playgrounds?
• May 9, 2011 – When Can Children Use All-Terrain Vehicles?
• May 2, 2011 – What Advice Should I Offer About Summer Safety?
• November 8, 2010 – What Are Common Toxidromes?
• October 11, 2010 – When Can A Child Stay Home Alone?
• November 5, 2007 – What are the Current Recommendations for Treatment of Acute Traumatic Head Injury?
• June 20, 2005 – What Safety Precautions Should Be Used for Children Around Lawnmowers?

Child Sexual Abuse

Childbirth

• October 23, 2023 – What Are Potential Complications of a Forceps Delivery?
• February 13, 2023 – Meconium: It Can Cause a Sticky Mess
• September 12, 2022 – How Long Does A Cephalohematoma Take to Resolve?

Childhood Asthma see Asthma in Children

Childhood Brain Tumors

• May 21, 2012 – How are Brain Tumors Classified?

Childhood Immunization

• April 3, 2023 – What Immunity Do Breast Milk Antibodies Confer?
• August 2, 2021 – Can Rusty Nails Cause Tetanus?
• March 25, 2019 – How Long Does Fecal Shedding Occur for Oral Vaccines?
• July 9, 2018 – What is the Interval For Non-simultaneous Administration of Live Virus Vaccines?
• February 15, 2010 – What is the Seroconversion Rate of Mumps Vaccine?
• December 31, 2007 – How Long Does Immunity Last After Routine Childhood Immunization with Pertussis Vaccine?
• December 10, 2007 – Which Vaccines Contain Preservatives?
• June 11, 2007 – “I Don’t Want a New Vaccine for My Child”
• October 31, 2005 – What Is the Immunization Plan for an Internally Displaced Person from a Natural Disaster?
• May 30, 2005 – What Vaccines Does an Infant Need to Travel Abroad?
• May 2, 2005 – Who Should Get the New Meningococcal Vaccine?

Childhood Leukemia see Leukemia, Childhood

Children’s Health

• September 2, 2013 – What Can Parents Do To Help Their Child Sleep?
• January 16, 2012 – How Can You Stop A Habit?

Children’s Page

Chiropractic

• June 18, 2018 – What Is the Scope of Practice for Pediatric Care for Chiropractic Doctors?

Chlamydia Infections

• May 9, 2016 – What Causes Pelvic Pain?
• January 18, 2010 – What are the Risks of Infertility after Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
• November 29, 2004 – What is the Current Treatment for Uncomplicated Urethritis?

Choking

Cholecystectomy see Gallbladder Diseases

Choledocholithiasis see Gallstones

Cholelithiasis see Gallstones

Cholera

• November 27, 2017 – Can I Give Cholera Vaccine?

Cholesterol

• October 18, 2004 – What Follow-Up is Needed for a Borderline Cholesterol Test?

Chondrocalcinisis see Gout and Pseudogout

Chondromalacia Patellae see Knee Injuries and Disorders

Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service

Chorea see Movement Disorders

Chorionic Villi Sampling see Prenatal Testing

Chronic Bronchitis see Bronchitis

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic Granulomatous Disease see Immune System and Disorders

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease see COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Chronic Pancreatitis see Pancreatitis

Circulatory Disorders see Vascular Diseases

Circumcision

• September 30, 2004 – What are the Risks of Male Infant Circumcision?

Cirrhosis

CJD see Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Clap see Gonorrhea

Claudication see Leg Injuries and Disorders

Cleaning Products see Household Poisons

Cleft Lip and Palate

Climate Change

• March 6, 2017 – What Health Risks Does Climate Change Pose?

Clinical Trials

Cloning

Clostridium Difficile Infections

• March 28, 2016 – What is the Recurrence Risk for Clostridium difficile Infection?

Club Drugs

Cluster Headache see Headache

CMV Infections see Cytomegalovirus Infections

Cocaine Abuse

Cold Sore see Mouth Disorders

Cold (Temperature) see Frostbite; Hypothermia; Winter Weather Emergencies

Cold, Common see Common Cold

Colic see Common Infant and Newborn Problems – and see also Infant and Newborn Care

Colitis see Ulcerative Colitis

Collapsed Lung

College Health

• April 6, 2015 – How Can Young Adults Keep Themselves Safe at College?

Colon Cancer see Colorectal Cancer

Colonic Diseases

• June 2, 2014 – Are Probiotics Effective and If So, For What Problems?

Colonic Polyps

• January 24, 2022 – What Are Common Gastrointestinal Polyposes in Children?

Color Blindness

• May 29, 2006 – What Causes Color Blindness?

Colorectal Cancer

Colostomy see Ostomy

Coma

• March 26, 2012 – What is Hangman’s Fracture?

Common Cold

• June 17, 2019 – What is the Morbidity Rate for Smoke Inhalation?
• February 12, 2018 – What Growth Charts Are Best?
• September 28, 2015- What is the Mortality Rate for Legionellosis in the Pediatric Population?
• April 19, 2010 – I Need to Review the Periodic Fevers
• January 4, 2010 – What Causes Different Types of Cries?
• February 4, 2008 – What Causes Nosebleeds?
• September 24, 2007 – What Causes Hoarseness?
• September 25, 2006 – What Can I Use for Her Cold?

Common Infant and Newborn Problems

• March 21, 2016 – Can We Use a Transcutaneous Bilirubin Reading After Phototherapy?

Communicating With Your Healthcare Provider see Talking With Your Doctor

Communication Disorders see Speech and Communication Disorders

Complementary and Integrative Medicine – and see also Alternative Medicine

• June 18, 2018 – What Is the Scope of Practice for Pediatric Care for Chiropractic Doctors?
• October 3, 2016 – Creepy Crawlie Therapy?
• March 23, 2009 – Where Can I Get Information About CAM?

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome see Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Compression Fracture see Spine Injuries and Disorders

Concussion – and see also Head and Brain Injuries

• July 15, 2019 – How Common Are Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks After Minor Head Trauma?
• October 31, 2016 – How Long Do Concussive Symptoms Last?
• December 16, 2013 – When Can A Child Return to Learning?

Confidentiality see Personal Medical Records

Congenital Heart Disease

• September 11, 2023 – What Are Common Vascular Rings and Slings?
• August 28, 2023 – What Are Some Radiographic Signs of Congenital Heart Disease?
• July 24, 2023 – Can Patent Foramen Ovales Cause Problems?
• March 13, 2023 – How Does Ebstein’s Anomaly Present?
• March 21, 2022 – What Are Potential Physical Examination Findings for Patients with Atrioventricular Canal Defects?
• September 27, 2021 – What Looks Like Acrocyanosis?
• August 17, 2020 – What Are the Main Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases?
• March 23, 2020 – What Causes Tachycardia?
• January 27, 2020 – Should We Worry About Bicuspid Aortic Valve?
• February 25, 2019 – What Is the Most Common Type of Cardiomyopathy?
• May 24, 2010 – What is a Norwood Procedure?
• June 18, 2007 – Does She Still Need Antibiotics for Her Heart?
• January 23, 2006 – When Do Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases Present?

Congestive Heart Failure see Heart Failure

Conjunctivitis see Eye Diseases

Connective Tissue Disorders

• December 5, 2022 – What is the Current Classification for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

Constipation

• November 28, 2022 – How is Endometriosis Diagnosed?
• February 28, 2022 – What Causes Rectal Prolapse?
• August 31, 2015 – At What Level Does Elevated Glucose Cause Glucosuria?
• July 21, 2014 – What Causes Abdominal Distention?
• February 25, 2013 – What Causes Constipation?
• May 3, 2010 – What Causes Gastrointestinal Bleeding?
• December 27, 2004 – What Causes Recurrent Abdominal Pain?

Contact Dermatitis see Rashes – and see also Dermatitis

Contact Lenses see Eye Wear

Contraception see Birth Control

Contusions see Bruises

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Coping with Chronic Illness

Coping with Disasters

• October 31, 2005 – What Is the Immunization Plan for an Internally Displaced Person from a Natural Disaster?

Coronary Arteriosclerosis see Coronary Disease

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft see Heart Bypass Surgery

Coronary Disease

Coronavirus Infections – and see also COVID-19

• August 31, 2020 – How Good Are Face Shields for Preventing Respiratory Infections?
• April 13, 2020 – How Good Is Infrared Thermography for Mass Screening for Fever?
• June 16, 2014 – What Are Precautions for Someone Traveling to the Middle East About the Risk of MERS?

Cosmetic Dentistry

• April 11, 2016 – At What Age Can Children Have Their Teeth Whitened?
• June 29, 2005 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Abnormally Colored Teeth?

Cosmetic Surgery see Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetics

• January 21, 2008 – Can He Use My Toothpaste?

Costochondritis see Cartilage Disorders

Cough

• October 7, 2019 – Can Radiolucent Foreign Bodies Be Identified?
• July 7, 2014 – How Much Cetirizine Can Be Used?
• September 5, 2011 – What Causes Coughs?
• June 26, 2006 – How Do You Treat a Habit Cough?

COVID-19 – and see also Coronavirus Infections

• May 30, 2022 – Chilblains: An Old But Now More Common Problem
• November 29, 2021 – Does Long COVID Exist in the Pediatric Age Group?
• November 22, 2021 – What are the Main Differences Between MIS-C and Kawasaki Disease?

Coxsackievirus Infections see Viral Infections

CPR

• January 29, 2007 – What Organisms Cause Neonatal Sepsis?

Crab Lice see Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Crack see Cocaine Abuse

Cramps see Muscle Cramps

Cranial Injuries see Head and Brain Injuries

Craniofacial Injuries see Facial Injuries and Disorders

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Critical Care

Crohn’s Disease

• August 9, 2010 – What Tests Are the Most Helpful As Screening Tests for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Crossed Eyes see Eye Movement Disorders

Croup see Throat Disorders

Cryptosporidiosis

• February 9, 2015 – How Do You Treat Water for Cryptosporidium?

CT Scans

• July 15, 2013 – What are the Recommendations for Neuroimaging Because of Headaches?

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome see ElbowInjuriesAndDisorders ; Wrist and Arm Injuries and Disorders

Cushing’s Syndrome

Cutting see Self Harm

Cybersafety see Internet Safety

Cystic Fibrosis

• June 28, 2021 – What Types of New Therapies are Available for Cystic Fibrosis?
• December 18, 2017 – What is DIOS?
• November 24, 2014 – What Types of Patients Can Be Referred for Palliative Care Services?
• October 9, 2006 – What Tests Are Available to Diagnose Cystic Fibrosis?

Cystitis see Interstitial Cystitis

Cytomegalovirus Infections

• December 10, 2012 – What Causes Thrombocytosis?

D

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Day Care see Child Day Care ; Home Care Services

Deafness see Hearing Disorders and Deafness

Death and Dying see End of Life Issues

Decubitus Ulcers see Pressure Sores

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Defibrillators, Implantable see Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators

Degenerative Joint Disease see Osteoarthritis

Degenerative Nerve Diseases

• April 10, 2017 – What Are the Clinical Symptoms Associated with Friedreich Ataxia?

Delivery see Childbirth

Dementia

Dengue

• July 29, 2019 – The Dengue Dance?

Dental Health

• January 6, 2020 – What are Indications for Wisdom Teeth Removal?
• February 27, 2017 – Safety Risks of Baltic Amber Teething Necklaces and Similar Cultural Practices?
• January 21, 2008 – Can He Use My Toothpaste?

Dental Health, Child see Child Dental Health

Dentistry, Cosmetic see Cosmetic Dentistry

Dentures

Depression

• November 9, 2009 – How Do You Define Professionalism?
• March 21, 2005 – What Do You Do When An Adolescent Is Out of Control?

Depression, Teen see Teen Depression

Dermatitis – and see also Eczema, Rashes

• August 1, 2022 – What Are Causes of Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease?
• July 2, 2018 – No Plant Oils for Cradle Cap?
• May 1, 2006 – What Causes Eosinophilia?
• January 17, 2006 – What are the Treatments for Persistant Cradle Cap?
• May 9, 2005 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of an Infectious Rash on the Palms and Soles?

Dermatology see Skin Diseases

Dermatomyositis see Myositis

Developmental Disabilities

• July 10, 2023 – What is the Diagnostic Yield for Genetic Testing of Children with Neurodevelopmental Delays?
• July 12, 2021 – Considerations About Deciding to Send a Child to School
• May 3, 2021 – What Are Some Etiologies for Intellectual Disability?
• February 5, 2018 – What is the Difference Between an Association and a Syndrome?
• September 25, 2017 – What Causes Microcephaly?
• January 11, 2016 – What Types of Hand Stereotypies are Associated with Rett Syndrome?
• December 16, 2013 – When Can A Child Return to Learning?
• April 5, 2010 – What Are the Long Term Neurological Outcomes of Premature Infants with IVH?

Diabetes – and see also Juvenile Diabetes

• August 31, 2015 – At What Level Does Elevated Glucose Cause Glucosuria?
• January 12, 2009 – What is Mauriac Syndrome?
• January 8, 2007 – How Do I Treat Her Vomiting When She has Diabetes and Can’t Drink?

Diabetes and Pregnancy

• November 28, 2005 – What Are the Potential Complications Infants of Diabetic Mothers May Have?

Diabetes Insipidus

• March 7, 2022 – Polyuria, Polydipsia and Possible Diabetes Insipidus?

Diabetes Type 1

Diabetes Type 2

Diabetic Diet

Diabetic Eye Problems

Diabetic Foot

Diabetic Kidney Problems

Diabetic Nerve Problems

Diagnostic Imaging

Dialysis

• September 13, 2021 – What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Renal Replacement Therapies?
• October 25, 2004 – What are the Indications for Renal Dialysis?

Diaper Rash see Common Infant and Newborn Problems; Rashes – and see also Dermatitis ; Infant and Newborn Care

Diarrhea

• March 25, 2019 – How Long Does Fecal Shedding Occur for Oral Vaccines?
• October 30, 2017 – What Causes Hypernatremia?
• December 17, 2012 – What Are Common Presentations of Primary Immunodeficiencies?
• November 22, 2010 – What Are Causes of Diarrhea?
• December 18, 2006 – What is the New Oral Rehydration Salt Solution Made Up Of?

Diet see Nutrition

Dietary Fats

• November 20, 2017 – Can Fish Oil Help Reading?

Dietary Fiber

Dietary Proteins

Dietary Sodium

• April 23, 2018 – What Causes Hyponatremia?
• October 30, 2017 – What Causes Hypernatremia?

Dietary Sugar see Carbohydrates

Dietary Supplements

• November 20, 2017 – Can Fish Oil Help Reading?
• June 2, 2014 – Are Probiotics Effective and If So, For What Problems?
• May 22, 2006 – Can I Use Creatine?

Dieting see Weight Loss and Dieting

Digestive Diseases

• May 23, 2022 – Are These Stools Acholic?
• June 13, 2008 – How Often Does Pneumatosis Intestinalis Occur with NEC?
• December 4, 2006 – What Causes Neonatal Bilious Emesis?
• August 15, 2005 – What are the Clinical Presentations of Intussusception?
• November 15, 2004 – What Causes Different Colored Stool?

Diphtheria

• September 25, 2023 – How Many Diphtheria Vaccines are Currently Licensed in the US?

Disabilities

Disasters see Coping with Disasters; Man-Made Disasters; Natural Disasters

Disasters and Emergency Preparedness

Dislocations

Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis

Divorce

• October 22, 2012 – What Guidance Can I Offer to Divorcing Parents?

Dizziness and Vertigo

• November 2, 2020 – What Are Common Presentations for Factitious Disorder?
• May 16, 2011 – What Causes Vertigo in Children?

Dog Bites see Animal Bites

Domestic Violence

• July 16, 2007 – How Can I Help One of My Moms Develop a Safety Plan?

Down Syndrome

• March 21, 2022 – What Are Potential Physical Examination Findings for Patients with Atrioventricular Canal Defects?
• July 27, 2009 – What Causes Macroglossia?
• August 6, 2007 – How Often Do Cervical Spine Radiographs Need to Be Obtained for Down Syndrome Patients?

Drinking see Alcohol Consumption

Drinking see Alcohol; Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse

Drinking Water

Drowning

• October 3, 2011 – When Can a Child Go Into A Pool?

Drug Abuse

• May 4, 2020 – What Are the Complications of Inhalant Abuse?
• November 23, 2009 – Is This Really Weed?
• September 18, 2006 – What Should I Do When I’m Called To See A Drug-Exposed Child?

Drug Abuse in Pregnancy see Pregnancy and Substance Abuse

Drug Allergies see Drug Reactions

Drug Information see Medicines ; Over-the-Counter Medicines

Drug Interactions see Drug Reaction

Drug Reaction

• July 27, 2015 – What Are Common Drug Eruptions in Children?
• February 17, 2014 – How Common is Hypersensitivity Cross-Reactivity with NSAIDs?

Drug Safety

• December 17, 2007 – How Can We Improve Patient Safety?

Drugs and Young People

• June 5, 2017 – How Do I Keep My Prescription Stimulant Safe At College?

Dual Diagnosis

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy see Muscular Dystrophy

Duodenal Ulcer see Peptic Ulcer

Dupuytren’s Contracture see Finger Injuries and Disorders

Dwarfism

• November 1, 2021 – What Are the Clinical Characteristics of the Most Common Skeletal Dysplasia?

Dysentery see Diarrhea

Dysgeusia see Taste and Smell Disorders

Dyskinesia see Movement Disorders

Dyslexia see Learning Disorders

Dysmenorrhea see Menstruation

Dysosmia see Taste and Smell Disorders

Dyspareunia see Female Sexual Dysfunction

Dysphagia see Swallowing Disorders

Dyspnea see Breathing Problems

Dystonia

• December 15, 2008 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Torticollis?

Dysuria see Urine and Urination

E

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E. Coli Infections

• January 25, 2016 – At What Age Does the Risk of Infant Listeria Infection Decrease?

Ear Disorders

• October 11, 2021 – What Is In That Ear?
• May 23, 2016 – What Are Complications of Cerumen?
• August 17, 2015 – With An Isolated Ear Tag, Does the Baby Need to Have a Renal Ultrasound?
• April 8, 2013 – How Common Is Bullous Myringitis?
• January 7, 2013 – What Do You Do About Barotrauma to the Ear?
• April 20, 2009 – What Are the Complications of Mastoiditis?
• July 21, 2008 – What Causes Congenital Cholesteatomas?
• April 14, 2008 – What Are the Indications for a DXA Scan in Children?
• October 1, 2007 – How Long Does It Take for an Ear Perforation to Heal?
• August 13, 2007 – How Do You Treat An Auricular Hematoma?

Ear Infections

• June 26, 2023 – What Can Boric Acid Be Used For?
• October 23, 2017 – What is Usher Syndrome?
• April 24, 2017 – How Common is Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency?
• May 23, 2016 – What Are Complications of Cerumen?
• May 26, 2014 – This Ear Looks Different
• December 9, 2013 – What Causes Muscle Weakness?
• April 8, 2013 – How Common Is Bullous Myringitis?
• August 20, 2012 – What Causes Halitosis?
• September 19, 2011 – How Many Children Live with Their Grandparents?
• June 29, 2009 – Can I Prescribe a Cephalosporin If He Is Allergic to Penicillin?
• April 20, 2009 – What Are the Complications of Mastoiditis?
• July 21, 2008 – What Causes Congenital Cholesteatomas?
• February 11, 2008 – What Type of Life Jacket Should She Wear?
• October 1, 2007 – How Long Does It Take for an Ear Perforation to Heal?
• May 21, 2007 – What Organisms Cause Otitis Externa?
• November 13, 2006 – What is the Most Reliable Indicator of Acute Otitis Media?

Earthquakes

Eating Disorders

• October 25, 2021 – What is Refeeding Syndrome?
• November 11, 2013 – What Are Some of the Problems Associated with Pica?
• October 17, 2011 – When Can Our Patient with Anorexia Go to the Psychiatry Unit?
• April 3, 2006 – What is the Female Athlete Triad?

Ebola Virus see HemorrhagicFevers

EBV Infections see Infectious Mononucleosis

Echocardiography see Ultrasound

Ecstasy see ClubDrugs

Ectopic Pregnancy see Pregnancy Loss

Eczema

• May 9, 2022 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis for Black and White Skin Conditions?
• July 1, 2019 – What is This Itchy Rash?
• March 4, 2013 – What Else Looks Like Atopic Dermatitis?
• September 17, 2012 – What Are Indications for Allergy Testing?
• December 8, 2008 – Are Leukotriene Modulators Effective for Treating Atopic Dermatitis?
• June 12, 2006 – What are the Definitions for Different Topical Substances?
• May 1, 2006 – What Causes Eosinophilia?

Edema

• March 21, 2011 – What Do You Call That Again?
• February 23, 2009 – What Causes Leucoplakia?
• December 13, 2004 – What Causes Generalized Eyelid Swelling?

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

• December 5, 2022 – What is the Current Classification for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

Ehrlichiosis see Tick Bites

Elbow Injuries and Disorders

• March 18, 2024 – How Common Is Recurrent Radial Head Subluxation?
• November 3, 2014 – Is This Bursitis?
• January 30, 2012 – What is the Mnemonic for the Elbow Ossification Centers?
• January 10, 2011 – What Methods Can Be Used to Reduce Radial Head Subluxation?

Elder Abuse

Electrolytes see Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Electromagnetic Fields

Emergency Medical Services

EMF see Electromagnetic Fields

Emphysema

Employee Health see Occupational Health

Encephalitis

Encopresis see Toilet Training and Bedwetting

End of Life Issues

• November 24, 2014 – What Types of Patients Can Be Referred for Palliative Care Services?
• September 5, 2005 – When Helping to Develop A Palliative Care Plan, What Should be Considered?

End-Stage Renal Disease see Kidney Failure

Endocarditis

• June 18, 2007 – Does She Still Need Antibiotics for Her Heart?

Endocrine Diseases

• April 11, 2022 – What Are the Genetics of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)?
• June 21, 2010 – Is This Precocious Puberty?

Endometrial Cancer see Uterine Cancer

Endometriosis

• November 28, 2022 – How is Endometriosis Diagnosed?

Endoscopy

Enuresis see Toilet Training and Bedwetting

Environmental Health

• March 6, 2017 – What Health Risks Does Climate Change Pose?
• February 13, 2017 – At What Radon Level Should Mitigation Be Considered?
• July 11, 2016 – What Are Some of the Classes of Environmental Pollutants Affecting Children?

Environmental Tobacco Smoke see Secondhand Smoke

Epilepsy

• March 20, 2023 – What Are Presentations of Neurocysticercosis?
• September 7, 2020 – What Is In A Ketogenic Diet?
• March 5, 2007 – How Common is Syncope?
• January 9, 2006 – What Are the Classifications of Seizures?

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections see Infectious Mononucleosis

Erectile Dysfunction

Ergonomics

• November 17, 2014 – “I’m Just In the Band”

ERT see Hormone Replacement Therapy

Esophageal Cancer

Esophagus Disorders

• March 4, 2019 – What Are the Types of Tracheoesophageal Fistulas?

ESRD see Kidney Failure

Estrogen Replacement Therapy see Hormone Replacement Therapy

Evaluating Health Information

• July 7, 2008 – I Don’t Take Care of Adults, but Maybe I Can Still Help?

Ewing’s Sarcoma see Bone Cancer

Exercise and Physical Fitness

• October 22, 2018 – How Are Bicycle Helmets Designed to Prevent Head Injuries?
• January 19, 2015 – What Are Considerations for a Dancer to Begin Pointe Training?
• November 17, 2014 – “I’m Just In the Band”
• November 25, 2013 – What is the Maximal Exercise Heart Rate?
• September 24, 2012 – Weight Loss: The Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with One Step
• December 22, 2008 – How Far is 10,000 Steps?
• September 29, 2008 – How Should Bike Helmets Be Fitted?

Exercise for Children

• December 20, 2021 – How Much Weight Should be Used in Strength Training?
• May 12, 2014 – When Can A Child Start Strength Training?
• November 25, 2013 – What is the Maximal Exercise Heart Rate?
• September 24, 2012 – Weight Loss: The Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with One Step
• December 22, 2008 – How Far is 10,000 Steps?

Exercise for Seniors

Eye Cancer

Eye Diseases

• January 29, 2024 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Normal Eye Crusts or Rheum?
• August 23, 2021 – What Causes Anisocoria?
• October 5, 2020 – What Are the Symptoms of Herpes Simplex Keratitis?
• April 3, 2017 – What Causes Uveitis?
• August 30, 2010 – When Should Retinal Hemorrhages be Considered Suspicious for Non-Accidental Head Injury?
• January 11, 2010 – When Can an Infant See Color?
• December 28, 2009 – What Causes Red Eyes?
• June 22, 2009 – What Causes Photophobia?
• June 30, 2008 – What Causes Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?
• January 2, 2007 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Leukocoria?
• May 29, 2006 – What Causes Color Blindness?
• December 12, 2005 – On Physical Examination, What Differentiates Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis?
• February 21, 2005 – To Patch or Not to Patch, That is the Question

Eye Infections

• January 29, 2024 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Normal Eye Crusts or Rheum?
• June 14, 2021 – Dacrocystitis in a Teenager?
• October 5, 2020 – What Are the Symptoms of Herpes Simplex Keratitis?
• April 18, 2011 – How Common is Orbital Cellulitis?
• December 28, 2009 – What Causes Red Eyes?
• December 12, 2005 – On Physical Examination, What Differentiates Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis?

Eye Injuries

• May 28, 2012 – How is an Eye Globe Rupture Treated?
• March 22, 2010 – Why Do You Check the pH of the Eye after Chemical Exposure?
• April 13, 2009 – How Common Is Pediatric Ocular Trauma?

Eye Lid Disorders

• August 15, 2011 – What Causes Ptosis?
• July 5, 2010 – What’s the Difference Between A Stye, Hordeolum and Chalazion?

Eye Movement Disorders

• April 15, 2019 – How Commonly Are Brain Tumors Seen in Spasmus Nutans?
• July 29, 2013 – What Are the Clinical Features of Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus?

Eye Wear

• September 20, 2021 – What Can You Do to Improve Compliance with Eyeglasses or Spectacle Use?

F

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• April 8, 2024 – How Do You Treat Nasal Fractures?
• October 4, 2021 – What Causes Facial Pain?
• November 18, 2019 – What is the Lifespan for a Child with Holoprosencephaly?
• November 15, 2010 – What Are the Classification of Genetic Disorders?
• November 5, 2007 – What are the Current Recommendations for Treatment of Acute Traumatic Head Injury?
• April 17, 2006 – When Should the Anterior Fontanelle Close?

Fainting

• March 5, 2007 – How Common is Syncope?

Falls

False Teeth see Dentures

Family History

Family Issues

• September 26, 2016 – Family Meals: They Do Everyone Good
• March 24, 2014 – How do Gifted Children Present?
• March 11, 2013 – What Can I Do To Help With Sibling Rivalry?
• October 10, 2011 – When Should Children Begin Fasting?
• November 16, 2009 – What Types of Community Services Are Available?
• October 26, 2009 – What Problems Do I Need to Screen This New International Adoptee or Domestic Foster Care Child For?

Family Planning see Birth Control

Fanconi Anemia see Aplastic Anemia

Farm Health and Safety

• February 24, 2020 – What Safety Guidance Should Farm Families Be Aware Of?

Farmers see Farm Health and Safety

Farsightedness see Refractive Errors

Fatigue

• January 23, 2017 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis of Fatigue?

Fats, Dietary see Dietary Fats

Fecal Impaction see Intestinal Obstruction

Fecal Incontinence see Anal and Rectal Diseases

Female Circumcision see Circumcision

Female Sexual Dysfunction

Ferritin see Iron

Fertility see Infertility ; Reproductive Health

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• January 10, 2005 – What Are the Facial Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Fetal Health and Development

• May 29, 2017 – What Adult Problems Can Start with Fetal Undernutrition?

Fetal Ultrasound see Prenatal Testing

Fever

• April 13, 2020 – How Good Is Infrared Thermography for Mass Screening for Fever?
• April 27, 2009 – Should I Consider PFAPA?
• December 17, 2007 – How Can We Improve Patient Safety?
• August 27, 2007 – What’s in the Differential Diagnosis of Fever?

Fiber see Dietary Fiber

Fibrocystic Breast Disease see Breast Diseases

Fibroids see Uterine Fibroids

Fibromyalgia

Fifth Disease

Financial Assistance

Finger Injuries

Finger Injuries and Disorders – and see also Hand Injuries and Disorders

• April 9, 2018 – How Do You Fix A Broken Nail?
• April 22, 2013 – What Causes Digital Clubbing?

Fingernails see Nail Diseases

Fire Safety

• February 6, 2017 – What Can Families Do for Fire Safety?

Firearms Safety see Gun Safety

Fires

First Aid

Fistulas

Fitness see Exercise and Physical Fitness ; Exercise for Children ; Exercise for Seniors ; Sports Fitness

Flea Bites see Insect Bites and Stings

Floods

Flu see Influenza

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

• September 12, 2016 – What Causes Hyperphosphatemia?
• March 25, 2013 – What Causes Hypercalcemia?

Folate see Anemia ; Folic Acid

Folic Acid

Folliculitis see Hair Problems– and also see Hair Diseases and Hair Loss

Food Additives see Nutrition

Food Allergy

• September 14, 2020 – What is the Allergen Cross-Reactivity Rate of Legumes?
• September 3, 2018 – What Are Common Cross-reactivities with Other Allergens?
• September 11, 2017 – What Proteins Cause Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy?
• May 22, 2017 – How Much Peanut Butter Should He Take?
• September 17, 2012 – What Are Indications for Allergy Testing?

Foodborne Illness – and see also Food Contamination and Poisoning

• June 4, 2018 – How Should Fruits and Vegetables Be Washed?

Food Contamination and Poisoning – and see also Foodborne Illness

• March 25, 2024 – What Are the Potential Problems with Baby Bottles?
• December 6, 2010 – How Many Food Defects are Allowed?
• August 25, 2008 – How Do You Treat Invasive Salmonella Infections?

Food Labeling

Food Poisoning see Foodborne Illness

Food Safety

• March 25, 2024 – What Are the Potential Problems with Baby Bottles?
• June 4, 2018 – How Should Fruits and Vegetables Be Washed?
• December 6, 2010 – How Many Food Defects are Allowed?

Foot Health

Foot Injuries and Disorders

• December 19, 2022 – Do Epsom Salts Help?
• March 28, 2022 – Corns, Calluses and Properly Fitting Children’s Shoes
• February 7, 2022 – What are Treatments for Hallux Valgus
• July 26, 2021 – How Do You Treat Immersion Foot Injury?
• March 30, 2015 – When Do Feet Have Arches?
• March 10, 2014 – What Are Complications of Fractures?
• May 6, 2013 – How Often Does Clubfoot Recur?
• February 18, 2013 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Fractures?
• February 27, 2012 – What is Sever’s Disease?
• October 5, 2009 – What is the Appropriate Treatment for a Pedal Puncture Wound?
• May 19, 2008 – What is Kohler’s Disease?
• May 28, 2007 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Intoeing and Outtoeing?
• October 3, 2005 – What are the Salter-Harris Fracture Types?
• September 26, 2005 – What Causes Bony Masses in the Foot?
• June 20, 2005 – What Safety Precautions Should Be Used for Children Around Lawnmowers?

For Children see Children’s Page

Foreign Bodies

• July 4, 2022 – How to Remove Foreign Bodies?
• October 7, 2019 – Can Radiolucent Foreign Bodies Be Identified?
• April 16, 2018 – What Are Complications of Oropharyngeal Trauma?
• December 24, 2012 – What Are the Treatment Guidelines for Button Battery Ingestion?

Foster Care see Adoption

Fractures

• October 18, 2021 – What Causes Irritability?
• March 10, 2014 – What Are Complications of Fractures?
• February 18, 2013 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Fractures?
• January 23, 2012 – What Can Parents Do To Keep Their Children Safe on Playgrounds?
• May 25, 2009 – What are the Common Benign Bone Tumors?
• April 28, 2008 – What Types of Femur Fractures Are Concerning for Possible Child Abuse?
• October 3, 2005 – What are the Salter-Harris Fracture Types?
• June 20, 2005 – What Safety Precautions Should Be Used for Children Around Lawnmowers?

Fragile X Syndrome

• April 27, 2020 – Fragile X in the Family

FRAXA see Fragile X Syndrome

Friedreich’s Ataxia

• April 10, 2017 – What Are the Clinical Symptoms Associated with Friedreich Ataxia?

Frostbite

• May 30, 2022 – Chilblains: An Old But Now More Common Problem
• October 29, 2018 – Frostbite After Cryotherapy?

Fungal Infections

• April 12, 2021 – What Are Toxin-Mediated Diseases?
• July 22, 2019 – What Can You Do To Prevent Tinea Infections and Why?
• April 8, 2019 – What Are Treatment Options for Pediatric Onycomycosis?
• July 2, 2018 – No Plant Oils for Cradle Cap?
• April 7, 2008 – What Causes Hilar Adenopathy?

Fungicides see Pesticides

G

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G6PD Deficiency

• September 15, 2014 – What Medicines Should Be Avoided with G6PD Deficiency?

Gallbladder Diseases

• January 30, 2023 – How Good is Cholecystectomy For Biliary Dyskinesia in Pediatric Patients?
• January 4, 2016 – What Are Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis?

Gallstones

• January 4, 2016 – What Are Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis?

Gambling

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer see Infertility

Ganglion Cyst see Wrist and Arm Injuries and Disorders

Gas

• January 16, 2023 – What Are Common Dietary Fermentable Carbohydrates?

Gastric Bypass see Weight Loss Surgery

Gastric Cancer see Stomach Cancer

Gastroenteritis

• June 6, 2022 – Why Does Norovirus Spread So Easily?
• July 23, 2018 – How are Malformations of the Cerebral Cortex Grouped?
• August 24, 2015 – Should Ondansetron Be Used for Acute Gastroenteritis?
• January 21, 2013 – What is the Physiology of Vomiting?
• January 8, 2007 – How Do I Treat Her Vomiting When She has Diabetes and Can’t Drink?
• December 18, 2006 – What is the New Oral Rehydration Salt Solution Made Up Of?

Gastroesophageal Reflux

• September 5, 2011 – What Causes Coughs?
• October 16, 2006 – How Does Gastroesophageal Reflux Present?

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

• January 24, 2022 – What Are Common Gastrointestinal Polyposes in Children?
• September 11, 2017 – What Proteins Cause Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy?
• October 18, 2010 – How Common is Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Athletes?
• May 3, 2010 – What Causes Gastrointestinal Bleeding?

Gastrointestinal Diseases see Digestive Diseases

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors see Intestinal Cancer

Gastroplasty see Weight Loss Surgery

Gaucher’s Disease

• December 9, 2019 – How Does Gaucher Disease Present?

Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Health

• November 5, 2018 – What is the Dutch Protocol for Gender Dysphoria?
• September 9, 2013 – What are Some Health Risks that LGBTQ Youth are at Risk For?
• August 4, 2008 – How Can I Make My Sexual Interview More Gender Neutral?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder see Anxiety

Genes and Gene Therapy

Genetic Brain Disorders

• March 7, 2016 – Why Does Aspartame Have a Warning Label?

Genetic Counseling

Genetic Disorders

• July 10, 2023 – What is the Diagnostic Yield for Genetic Testing of Children with Neurodevelopmental Delays?
• July 6, 2020 – When Can You Use A Fingerprint to Identify Someone?
• November 26, 2018 – What is Genomic Imprinting?
• June 11, 2018 – What is the Developmental Outcomes of Patients with 22q11 Deletion Sequence?
• November 15, 2010 – What Are the Classification of Genetic Disorders?

Genetic Testing

• July 10, 2023 – What is the Diagnostic Yield for Genetic Testing of Children with Neurodevelopmental Delays?

Genital Herpes see Herpes Simplex

Geographic Tongue see Tongue Disorders

Genital Warts

GERD see Gastroesophageal Reflux

Germ Warfare see Biodefense and Bioterrorism

German Measles see Rubella

Germs and Hygiene

• June 25, 2007 – Do Antibacterial Products Really Work?

Gestational Diabetes see Diabetes and Pregnancy

GHB see Club Drugs

GI Bleeding see Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Giant Cell Arteritis see Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Giardia Infections

• July 18, 2016 – Look What I Got On Summer Vacation – Giardia!

Glandular Fever see Infectious Mononucleosis

Glasses see Eye Wear

Glaucoma

Global Health see International Health

Glossitis see Tongue Disorders

Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency see G6PD Deficiency

Goiter see Thyroid Diseases

Gonorrhea

Gout and Pseudogout

• February 16, 2015 – How Common is Gout?

Grave’s Disease see Hyperthyroidism – and see also Thyroid Diseases

Grief see Bereavement

Grippe see Influenza

Growth Disorders

• November 14, 2022 – What Are the Potential Benefits and Risks of Premasticated Foods?
• November 1, 2021 – What Are the Clinical Characteristics of the Most Common Skeletal Dysplasia?
• July 10, 2017 – Do Children Grow Overnight?
• June 9, 2014 – His Weight Gain is Slowing Down
• June 11, 2012 – Does He Have Acromegaly or Something Similar?
• June 21, 2010 – Is This Precocious Puberty?
• February 8, 2010 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Failure to Thrive?
• August 31, 2009 – How Do I Calculate Mid-Parental Height and Other Growth Parameters?
• October 10, 2005 – How Come I’m Still Shorter Than the Other Guys?

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

• November 19, 2018 – What is the Recurrence Rate for Guillian-Barré Syndrome and Should She Get An Influenza Vaccine?
• August 8, 2016 – When Is the Clinical Nadir for Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Gulf War Syndrome see Veteran’s Health

Gum Disease

Gun Safety

• August 19, 2013 – Gun Violence Is a Public Health Measure

Gynecomastia see Breast Diseases

H

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H. Pylori Infections see Helicobacter Pylori Infections

Haemophilus Infections

• October 7, 2013 – What Organisms Cause Acute Epiglottitis in the Post- H. influenza Vaccination Era?

Hair Diseases and Hair Loss – and see also Hair Problems

• September 21, 2015 – What Is Telogen Effluvium?

Hair Problems – and see also Hair Diseases and Hair Loss

• August 29, 2011 – What Causes Increased Body Hair?

Hair Pulling see Self Harm

Hairy Cell Leukemia see Leukemia, Adult Chronic

Hallucinogens see Drug Abuse

Hand Injuries and Disorders

• December 6, 2021 – What is the Difference Between a Paronychia and a Felon?
• April 9, 2018 – How Do You Fix A Broken Nail?
• November 28, 2011 – How Do You Treat Thumb Injuries?
• September 26, 2011 – What are the Clinical Differences Between Acute Paronychia and Herpetic Whitlow?
• March 30, 2009 – When Should a Child Be Admitted for a Burn?

Hantavirus Infections

• February 7, 2011 – What Diseases are Spread Directly by Rodents?

Hashimoto’s Disease see Thyroid Diseases

Hayfever

• March 5, 2018 – What are Indications for Allergen-specific Immunotherapy?

Hazardous Waste

HDL see Cholesterol

Head and Brain Injuries

• July 25, 2022 – What is the Buffalo Treadmill Test?
• December 13, 2021 – What are Some Risk Factors for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Outcomes?
• January 25, 2021 – What Causes Lethargy?
• March 30, 2020 – What Types of Memory Impairments are There in Children?
• July 15, 2019 – How Common Are Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks After Minor Head Trauma?
• December 16, 2013 – When Can A Child Return to Learning?
• August 30, 2010 – When Should Retinal Hemorrhages be Considered Suspicious for Non-Accidental Head Injury?
• December 1, 2008 – How Common Are Subgaleal Hematomas?
• December 3, 2007 – How Old Are Those Subdural Hematomas?
• November 5, 2007 – What are the Current Recommendations for Treatment of Acute Traumatic Head Injury?
• January 31, 2005 – When Can an Athlete Return to Play After a Concussion?

Head and Brain Malformations – and see also Brain Malformations

• November 6, 2023 – What Are the Common Types of Craniosynostosis?
• November 8, 2021 – Is It or Isn’t It Abnormal in This Classification System?
• November 18, 2019 – What is the Lifespan for a Child with Holoprosencephaly?
• May 20, 2019 – What Causes Macrocephaly?
• July 23, 2018 – How are Malformations of the Cerebral Cortex Grouped?
• September 25, 2017 – What Causes Microcephaly?
• July 16, 2012 – What Are Some Reasons for Using Orthotic Helmets for Positional Plagiocephaly?
• August 22, 2011 – What Causes Pediatric Stroke?
• February 14, 2011 – What Causes a Bulging Anterior Fontanelle?
• October 4, 2010 – What Kind of Stretching Exercises are Recommended for Positional Plagiocephaly?
• September 5, 2005 – When Helping to Develop A Palliative Care Plan, What Should be Considered?

Head and Neck Cancer

Head Lice

• March 7, 2011 – What Are the New Medicines Available for Head Lice?
• February 12, 2007 – What Treatments are Recommended for Head Lice?

Headache

• November 21, 2022 – Is This Primary Exertional Headache?
• January 15, 2018 – What Treatment is Recommended for Common Headaches?
• October 14, 2013 – How Common Are Post-Dural Puncture Headaches in Children?
• July 15, 2013 – What are the Recommendations for Neuroimaging Because of Headaches?

Health Facilities

Health Fraud

Health Insurance

Health Literacy

Health Maintenance Organizations see Managed Care

Health Occupations

Health Screening

• November 14, 2011 – How Good Are Hearing and Vision Screening Tests in Children?

Health Statistics

Healthy Living see Preventing Disease and Staying Healthy

Hearing Aids

• February 1, 2021 – What Are Potential Complications of Hearing Aids?

Hearing Disorders and Deafness

• January 23, 2023 – What Are Potential Treatments for Hyperacusis?
• April 5, 2021 – What Are Recommendations for Using Portable Listening Devices?
• February 1, 2021 – What Are Potential Complications of Hearing Aids?
• August 28, 2017 – What is the Genetic Inheritance of Alport Syndrome?
• October 28, 2013 – How Long After Neonatal Meningitis Should An Infant Have a Hearing Screening?

Hearing Problems in Children

• January 23, 2023 – What Are Potential Treatments for Hyperacusis?
• April 5, 2021 – What Are Recommendations for Using Portable Listening Devices?
• February 1, 2021 – What Are Potential Complications of Hearing Aids?
• November 14, 2011 – How Good Are Hearing and Vision Screening Tests in Children?

Heart Attack

Heart Bypass Surgery

Heart Disease in Women

Heart Diseases

• November 20, 2017 – Can Fish Oil Help Reading?

Heart Diseases, Congenital see Congenital Heart Disease

Heart Diseases–Prevention

Heart Failure

• October 15, 2007 – What Causes Heart Failure?

Heart Murmur see Congenital Heart Disease ; Heart Valve Diseases

Heart Surgery

Heart Transplantation

Heart Valve Diseases

• March 13, 2023 – How Does Ebstein’s Anomaly Present?
• January 27, 2020 – Should We Worry About Bicuspid Aortic Valve?
• May 23, 2011 – How Common Is Rheumatic Heart Disease?

Heartburn

• October 16, 2006 – How Does Gastroesophageal Reflux Present?

Heat Illness

• June 3, 2013 – What Ambient Temperature is Appropriate?

Heel Injuries and Disorders

• September 17, 2018 – What Type of Conservative Treatments Can Help for Plantar Fasciitis?

Helicobacter Pylori Infections – and see also Peptic Ulcer

• November 23, 2020 – What are Potential Problems Associated with Helicobacter pylori?
• July 1, 2013 – How Common Are Gastric Ulcers?

Hemangioma see Benign Tumors; Birthmarks; Vascular Diseases

Hematuria see Urine and Urination

Hemochromatosis

Hemodialysis see Dialysis ; Kidney Failure

Hemophilia

• December 14, 2015 – Why Is It Called Christmas Disease?

Hemorrhagic Fevers

• October 9, 2023 – How Old Do You Have to Be To Receive Yellow Fever Vaccine?

Hemorrhoids

• May 18, 2015 – When Do Hemorrhoids Occur in Children?

Hepatitis

Hepatitis A

• July 6, 2015 – How Effective is Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine?

Hepatitis B

• September 13, 2010 – What Are Significant Contraindications for Breastfeeding?

Hepatitis C

• January 9, 2017 – What Precautions Should A Childcare Center Take For A Child with Hepatitis C Infection?
• May 13, 2013 – What Precautions Should Be Used for a Child Whose Parent is Hepatitis C Positive?

Hepatocellular Carcinoma see Liver Cancer

Hepatolenticular Degeneration see Wilson’s Disease

Herbal Medicine

• February 29, 2016 – Is Coconut Oil Really Helpful as a Topical Antibacterial Agent?
• May 22, 2006 – Can I Use Creatine?

Herbicides see Pesticides

Hernia

• December 12, 2022 – What is Diastasis Recti Abdominis?
• September 22, 2014 – What Types of Abdominal Wall Defects Are There?
• September 1, 2014 – What Causes Testicular Pain?
• June 20, 2011 – How Common Is An Incarcerated Umbilical Hernia?
• August 17, 2009 – What Are the Complications of Cardiothoracic Surgery?
• October 2, 2006 – How Often Does a Patient Develop A Contralateral Inguinal Hernia After a Previous Repair?

Herniated Disk

• September 19, 2016 – How Common are Herniated Disks in Children?

Heroin Abuse

Herpes Simplex

• October 5, 2020 – What Are the Symptoms of Herpes Simplex Keratitis?
• September 26, 2011 – What are the Clinical Differences Between Acute Paronychia and Herpetic Whitlow?

Herpes Zoster see Shingles

Hiatal Hernia

Hib see Haemophilus Infections

Hiccups

• October 19, 2015 – What Are Treatments for Hiccups?

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

• November 25, 2019 – How Is Hidradenitis Suppurativa Treated?

High Blood Pressure

• September 30, 2013 – What Are the Symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia?
• June 30, 2008 – What Causes Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?
• January 5, 2005 – Does this Child have Hypertension?

High Risk Pregnancy

• March 4, 2024 – What Are the Health Problems for Off-Spring of Mothers with Pre-eclampsia?
• June 27, 2022 – What are Potential Problems with Placental Abnormalities?
• August 18, 2008 – How Common is RhD Isoimmunization?
• April 9, 2007 – What Are Some of the Complications of Teenage Pregnancy?
• November 28, 2005 – What Are the Potential Complications Infants of Diabetic Mothers May Have?

Hip Injuries and Disorders

• April 19, 2021 – How Are Iliac Fractures Treated?
• August 25, 2014 – How Common Is Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants With Breech Presentation?
• April 16, 2007 – What Are The Physical Examination Signs that May Indicate A Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?
• April 24, 2006 – I Walk Like a Monster, Mom!

Hip Replacement

Hispanic-American Health

Histoplasmosis see Fungal Infections

HIV see AIDS

Hives

• March 19, 2018- A Diagnostic Dilemma: Sometimes You’ll Never Know
• December 2, 2013 – What Causes Acute Urticaria?
• February 23, 2009 – What Causes Leucoplakia?
• May 12, 2008 – How Do You Treat Chronic Urticaria?

HMO see Managed Care

Hodgkin’s Disease

• February 20, 2023 – What Causes Mediastinal Masses?

Home Care Services

• November 16, 2009 – What Types of Community Services Are Available?

Homeless Health Concerns

• April 22, 2019 – What Are Some Potential Indicators of Human Trafficking?
• July 30, 2018 – What Causes School Failure?
• April 6, 2009 – What Health Problems Are More Common in Homeless Children?

Homeopathy see Complementary and Integrative Medicine

Homosexuality see Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Health

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hormones

Hospice Care

• November 24, 2014 – What Types of Patients Can Be Referred for Palliative Care Services?
• September 5, 2005 – When Helping to Develop A Palliative Care Plan, What Should be Considered?

Hospitals see Health Facilities

Hot Flashes see Menopause

Household Poisons

Huffing see Inhalants

HPV

• July 31, 2023 – What Are Treatments for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis?
• February 2, 2015 – How Good is 5-Fluorouracil to Treat Plantar Warts?
• February 20, 2012 – Can Common Cleaners Kill Warts?
• July 4, 2011 – How Effective Is Intralesional Candida Antigen for Treatment of Warts?

HRT see Hormone Replacement Therapy

Human Genome Project see Genes and Gene Therapy

Human Immunodeficiency Virus see AIDS

Human Papillomavirus see HPV

Huntington’s Disease

Hurricanes

Hydrocephalus

• October 2, 2017 – What Clinical Signs Can Be Associated With Benign External Hydrocephalus?
• June 28, 2010 – How Many Shunt Malfunctions Do Children with Venticuloperitoneal Shunts Have?

Hyperactivity see Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Hyperbaric Oxygen see Oxygen Therapy

Hyperkalemia see Potassium

Hypermobility Syndrome see Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Hyperopia see Refractive Errors

Hyperparathyroidism see Parathyroid Disorders

Hypertension see High Blood Pressure

Hypertension, Pulmonary see Pulmonary Hypertension

Hyperthyroidism – and see also Thyroid Diseases

• January 26, 2015 – What is the Remission Rate for Antithyroid Drug Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Children?

Hyperuricemia see Gout and Pseudogout

Hypoglycemia

Hypokalemia see Potassium

Hypoparathyroidism see Parathyroid Disorders

Hypotension see Low Blood Pressure

Hypothermia

• June 3, 2013 – What Ambient Temperature is Appropriate?

Hypothyroidism see Thyroid Diseases

Hysterectomy

I

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Immune System and Disorders

• February 21, 2022 – What Are Some Mast Cell Disorders?
• March 2, 2020 – What Causes Neutropenia?
• December 3, 2018 – Does She Have SCID?
• December 17, 2012 – What Are Common Presentations of Primary Immunodeficiencies?
• March 2, 2009 – What Are The Clinical Characteristics of Hyper IgE Syndrome?
• September 3, 2007 – What Should I Order for An Immune Workup?

Immunization

• October 2, 2023 – How Many Countries Still Have Endemic Wild Polio?
• July 9, 2018 – What is the Interval For Non-simultaneous Administration of Live Virus Vaccines?
• October 27, 2014 – What Immunizations Can Pregnant and Postpartum Women Receive?
• February 15, 2010 – What is the Seroconversion Rate of Mumps Vaccine?
• December 31, 2007 – How Long Does Immunity Last After Routine Childhood Immunization with Pertussis Vaccine?
• December 10, 2007 – Which Vaccines Contain Preservatives?
• June 11, 2007 – “I Don’t Want a New Vaccine for My Child”
• October 31, 2005 – What Is the Immunization Plan for an Internally Displaced Person from a Natural Disaster?
• May 2, 2005 – Who Should Get the New Meningococcal Vaccine?

Immunization, Childhood see Childhood Immunization

Impetigo

• June 5, 2006 – What Can I Do About All These Mosquito Bites?

Implantable Defibrillators see Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators

Impotence see Erectile Dysfunction

In Vitro Fertilization see Infertility

Incontinence see Urinary Incontinence

Indigestion

Indoor Air Pollution

• October 30, 2023 – What is PM2.5 and the AQI?
• February 13, 2017 – At What Radon Level Should Mitigation Be Considered?

Infant and Newborn Care

• December 11, 2023 – How Common is Accidental Suffocation in Young Infants in the US?
• November 20, 2023 – How Late Can You Give Routine Newborn Care?
• December 12, 2022 – What is Diastasis Recti Abdominis?
• May 2, 2022 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis for Green, Blue or Violet Skin Conditions?
• October 18, 2021 – What Causes Irritability?
• November 9, 2020 – What Are the Oral Equivalents of Milia of the Face?
• June 29, 2020 – What Are Examples of Infantile Primitive Reflexes?
• April 27, 2015 – What is Jacquet Diaper Dermatitis?
• December 1, 2014 – Can I Use a Space Heater?
• May 7, 2012 – How Should I Counsel a Mother Using a Bedside Co-Sleeper?
• April 23, 2012 – What Causes Vaginal Discharge?
• July 14, 2008 – What Are the Treatment Options for Oral Thrush in Young Infants?
• June 2, 2008 – What’s Wrong With His Belly Button?
• April 17, 2006 – When Should the Anterior Fontanelle Close?
• November 7, 2005 – What Should I Do? I Just Can’t Get Him to Stop Crying?
• May 16, 2005 – What Evaluation Should be Done for a Child with a Single Umbilical Artery?
• October 11, 2004 – Which Infants Need RSV Prophylaxis?

Infant and Toddler Development

• February 12, 2024 – How Can I Remember the Progression of Gesell Figures?
• January 8, 2024 – 3 is a Magic Number?
• October 3, 2022 – When Should a Newborn Infant Start Tummy Time?
• June 29, 2020 – What Are Examples of Infantile Primitive Reflexes?
• August 26, 2013 – What Are Common Sexual Behaviors in Young Children?
• February 28, 2011 – When Will I Know Which Hand She Will Use?
• August 8, 2005 – What Kind of Toys Should a Home Have?

Infant and Toddler Health

Infant and Toddler Nutrition

• March 25, 2024 – What Are the Potential Problems with Baby Bottles?
• January 10, 2022 – How Much Should a Newborn Eat?
• November 28, 2016 – What Picky Eaters Really Don’t Eat?
• October 10, 2016 – What Are Some Developmental Milestones for Solid Food Readiness?
• September 29, 2014 – What Are the Essential Amino Acids and How Much Protein Do I Need?
• April 2, 2012 – What Foods Should Not Be Used for Home
• December 6, 2010 – How Many Food Defects are Allowed?
• September 13, 2010 – What Are Significant Contraindications for Breastfeeding?
• February 8, 2010 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Failure to Thrive?
• January 5, 2009 – How Much Vitamin D is in Milk?
• September 2, 2008 – What Types of Foods Should Vegetarians Eat to Maintain Proper Nutrition?

Infantile Paralysis see Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome

Infection Control

• September 9, 2019 – How Good are Masks for Preventing Infection?
• June 3, 2013 – What Ambient Temperature is Appropriate?
• November 19, 2007 – Trying to Make Health Care Systems Work
• June 25, 2007 – Do Antibacterial Products Really Work?

Infections and Pregnancy

• September 28, 2020 – What Are the Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Congenital Syphilis?
• February 22, 2016 – What Serotypes Cause the Most Group B Streptococcal Disease?
• October 27, 2014 – What Immunizations Can Pregnant and Postpartum Women Receive?
• January 29, 2007 – What Organisms Cause Neonatal Sepsis?

Infections, Bacterial see Bacterial Infections

Infections, Fungal see Fungal Infections

Infections, Viral see Viral Infections

Infectious Diseases

• February 2, 2009 – What Causes a False Positive Monospot Test?
• November 19, 2007 – Trying to Make Health Care Systems Work

Infectious Mononucleosis

• April 1, 2013 – Is EBV a Common Cause of Elevated Liver Enzymes
• February 2, 2009 – What Causes a False Positive Monospot Test?
• April 10, 2006 – What are the Presentations of Epstein Barr Virus Infections?

Infertility

• December 4, 2023 – What Are Some Risks For Offspring of Assisted Reproductive Technologies?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease see Crohn’s Disease ; Ulcerative Colitis

Influenza

• April 22, 2024 – What Causes Hemoptysis?
• May 8, 2023 – What Are the Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome?
• April 23, 2018 – What Causes Hyponatremia?
• September 5, 2016 – How Effective is Oseltamivir?
• April 19, 2010 – I Need to Review the Periodic Fevers
• December 20, 2004 – What Treatments Should Be Used for Influenza?

Informed Consent see Patient Issues

Ingrown Nail see Nail Diseases

Inguinal Hernia see Hernia

Inhalants

• May 4, 2020 – What Are the Complications of Inhalant Abuse?

Inhalation Injuries

• June 17, 2019 – What is the Morbidity Rate for Smoke Inhalation?

Injuries

• March 30, 2009 – When Should a Child Be Admitted for a Burn?
• January 16, 2007 – How Should I Counsel about Injury Prevention?

Insect Bites and Stings

• October 9, 2017 – How Common Is Hereditary Angioedema?
• April 7, 2014 – What Treatment is Available for Malaria?
• October 10, 2011 – When Should Children Begin Fasting?
• May 12, 2008 – How Do You Treat Chronic Urticaria?
• June 5, 2006 – What Can I Do About All These Mosquito Bites?

Insect Repellents see Insect Bites and Stings

Insecticides see Pesticides

Insomnia see Sleep Disorders

Insulin Resistance see Metabolic Syndrome

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus see Juvenile Diabetes; Diabetes Type 1

Insurance see Health Insurance ; Managed Care ; Medicaid ; Medicare

Integrative Medicine see Complementary and Integrative Medicine

Intensive Care see Critical Care

International Health

• March 6, 2017 – What Health Risks Does Climate Change Pose?
• June 16, 2014 – What Are Precautions for Someone Traveling to the Middle East About the Risk of MERS?

InternetSafety

• September 4, 2017 – What is Internet Gaming Disorder?
• August 13, 2012 – What Can Parents Do To Help Their Teens Be Responsible?

Interstitial Cystitis

Interstitial Lung Diseases

• August 1, 2022 – What Are Causes of Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease?

Intestinal Cancer

Intestinal Diseases see Colonic Diseases; Small Intestine Disorders – and see also Digestive Diseases

Intestinal Obstruction

• September 7, 2015 – Intussusception By The Numbers

Intestinal Volvulus see Intestinal Obstruction

Intraocular Melanoma see Eye Cancer ; Melanoma

Intussusception see Intestinal Obstruction

Iron

• March 3, 2014 – What Are the Potential Side Effects of Iron Therapy?

Iron Deficiency Anemia see Anemia

Irregular Heartbeat see Arrhythmia

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

• November 9, 2015 – What Are Potential Treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome?

Islet Cell Carcinoma see Pancreatic Cancer

Islet Cell Transplantation

Itching

• April 12, 2010 – How Do You Treat Urticaria Pigmentosa?

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Jaundice

• April 26, 2021 – Are There Developmental Changes in Platelet Function for Children?
• February 3, 2020 – What Do You Do For Breast Milk Jaundice?
• March 21, 2016 – Can We Use a Transcutaneous Bilirubin Reading After Phototherapy?
• January 27, 2014 – What Foods Contain Carotene?
• October 19, 2009 – What Are Those Blood Group Antigens and Isn’t There Some Treatment I Can Give?
• February 9, 2009 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Direct Hyperbilirubinemia?
• April 21, 2008 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia?
• December 5, 2005 – Did You Know That You Look a Little Yellow?

Jaw Injuries and Disorders

• May 27, 2019 – What Causes Temporomandibular Joint Problems?
• November 18, 2013 – How Are Mandibular Fractures Treated?
• March 5, 2012 – What Causes Jaw Pain?

Jet Lag see Traveler’s Health

Jock Itch see Tinea Infections

Joint Disorders

• December 5, 2022 – What is the Current Classification for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
• October 26, 2020 – What Causes Joint Pain?
• February 23, 2015 – How Do You Diagnose Hypermobility?

Juvenile Diabetes – and see also Diabetes Type 1

• February 22, 2010 – What Causes Diurnal Enuresis?

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

• April 14, 2008 – What Are the Indications for a DXA Scan in Children?
• February 20, 2006 – What Are the Possible Complications of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?

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Kawasaki Disease – and see also Vasculitis

• July 16, 2018 – How Common is Recurrent Kawasaki Disease?

Keloids see Scars

Kidney Cancer

Kidney Diseases

• August 19, 2019 – What Does the General Pediatrician Do When There Are Concerns for a Rare Disease?
• August 28, 2017 – What is the Genetic Inheritance of Alport Syndrome?
• August 18, 2014 – What Causes Proteinuria?
• October 29, 2012 – How is Renal Trauma Categorized?
• November 29, 2010 – What Causes Hypocomplementemic Glomerulonephritis?
• July 12, 2010 – What Signs and Symptoms Are Associated with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis?
• September 8, 2008 – What Other Abnormalities are Associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
• August 20, 2007 – How Do You Categorize Bladder Dysfunction?
• August 28, 2006 – What Causes Different Colored Urine?
• March 20, 2006 – What Postnatal Tests Should be Performed for Prenatal Hydronephrosis?
• August 29, 2005 – What Causes Gross Hematuria?
• October 25, 2004 – What are the Indications for Renal Dialysis?

Kidney Failure

• September 13, 2021 – What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Renal Replacement Therapies?
• July 5, 2021 – What Problems are Ciliopathies Associated With?
• September 8, 2008 – What Other Abnormalities are Associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?

Kidney Stones

• October 13, 2014 – What Factors Decide Urolithiasis Treatment?
• January 19, 2009 – What Are the Common Metabolic Causes of Urolithiasis?

Kidney Transplantation

• September 13, 2021 – What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Renal Replacement Therapies?
• February 8, 2016 – What Factors Influence Linear Growth After Transplantation?

Kids’ Page see Children’s Page

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

• August 29, 2016 – In Klinefelter Syndrome Patients, What are the Common Behavioral Problems?

Knee Injuries and Disorders

• April 17, 2023 – How is Osgood-Schlatter Apophysitis Treated?
• November 11, 2019 – What is the Long-term Outcome of ACL Repair?
• December 5, 2016 – What are Potential Health Problems Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

Knee Replacement

Kyphosis see Spine Injuries and Disorders

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Laboratory Tests

• July 30, 2007 – What Tests are Available for Celiac Disease?

Lactose Intolerance

• August 14, 2023 – Can’t You Just Do a Hydrogen Breath Test?

Large for Gestational Age see Birth Weight

Laryngitis see Throat Disorders ; Voice Disorders

Larynx Cancer see Head and Neck Cancer

Laser Eye Surgery

LASIK see Laser Eye Surgery

Latex Allergy

• February 1, 2016 – What Are Risk Factors for Latex Allergy?

Latino Health see Hispanic-American Health

Lazy Eye see Amblyopia

LGBT Health see Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Health

LDL see Cholesterol

Lead Poisoning

• October 23, 2006 – How is Elemental Iron and Lead Related to Heme Synthesis?

Learning Disorders

• March 11, 2024 – What is Twice-Exceptionality?
• February 4, 2019 – How Common is Dyscalculia?
• November 20, 2017 – Can Fish Oil Help Reading?
• August 7, 2017 – What Can Parents Do To Promote Literacy?
• October 31, 2011 – What Are Risk Factors for Grade Retention?
• June 14, 2010 – What Are Fine Motor Problems that I Should Refer To an Occupational Therapist?
• February 2, 2010 – What Is the Differential Diagnosis of Attentional Problems?
• January 10, 2005 – What Are the Facial Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Leg Injuries and Disorders

• October 26, 2020 – What Causes Joint Pain?
• October 8, 2018 – What is Hemiephysiodesis?
• January 12, 2015 – What Causes Muscle Cramps?
• May 19, 2014 – What Causes Leg Pain?
• April 28, 2008 – What Types of Femur Fractures Are Concerning for Possible Child Abuse?

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease see Osteonecrosis

Legionnaires’ Disease

• September 28, 2015- What is the Mortality Rate for Legionellosis in the Pediatric Population?

Leishmaniasis

Lesbian Health see Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Health

Leukemia, Adult Acute

Leukemia, Adult Chronic

Leukemia, Childhood

• July 25, 2016 – What Are the Complications and Treatment for Lymphedema?
• July 17, 2006 – What Causes Priapsim?
• July 12, 2005 – How Does Acute Leukemia Present?

Leukodystrophies

Lewy Body Disease

Lice see Head Lice ; Parasitic Diseases

Life Support see Critical Care

Ligament Injuries see Sprains and Strains

Lipid Metabolism Disorders

• July 27, 2020 – What Are Common Fatty Acid Oxidation Metabolic Disorders?

Listeria Infections

• January 25, 2016 – At What Age Does the Risk of Infant Listeria Infection Decrease?

Liver Cancer

• October 13, 2008 – What Is The Differential Diagnosis of Hepatomegaly?
• January 30, 2006 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis of an Abdominal Mass?

Liver Cirrhosis see Cirrhosis

Liver Diseases

• August 21, 2023 – What Are Underlying Risk Factors for Liver Abscesses?
• July 8, 2019 – What Are Common Presentations for Budd-Chairi in Adolescents?
• April 1, 2019 – What Does the Liver Do?
• February 9, 2009 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Direct Hyperbilirubinemia?
• December 5, 2005 – Did You Know That You Look a Little Yellow?

Liver Spots see Skin Aging

Liver Transplantation

• August 21, 2023 – What Are Underlying Risk Factors for Liver Abscesses?
• June 24, 2019 – What Infectious Diseases are Important to Consider in Transplantation Patients?
• September 10, 2012 – What Are the Side Effects of Immunosuppressive Medication?

Living Wills see Advance Directives

Long-Term Care see Assisted Living ; Nursing Homes

Lou Gehrig’s Disease see Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Low Birth Weight see Birth Weight

Low Blood Pressure

Low Blood Sugar see Hypoglycemia

Low Vision see Vision Impairment and Blindness

Lumpectomy see Mastectomy

Lung Cancer

Lung Diseases – and see also Respiratory Diseases

• April 22, 2024 – What Causes Hemoptysis?
• May 15, 2023 – What Causes Pulmonary Edema?
• May 20, 2013 – What Causes Spontaneous Pneumothorax?
• April 7, 2008 – What Causes Hilar Adenopathy?

Lung Problems see Lung Diseases

Lung Transplantation

Lupus

• November 24, 2008 – What Do I Have To Be Worried About With Neonatal Lupus?
• June 13, 2005 – What are the Criteria for Diagnosing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

Lyme Disease

• October 14, 2019 – How Common is Lyme Disease Globally and in Urban Settings?
• April 23, 2007 – Can Lyme Disease be Transmitted by Breast Milk?

Lymph Nodes see Lymphatic Diseases

Lymphatic Diseases – and see also Lymphedema

• April 21, 2014 – What Treatment is Available for Lymphatic Malformations?
• February 2, 2009 – What Causes a False Positive Monospot Test?
• April 25, 2005 – When Should You Evaluate Lymphadenopathy?

Lymphatic Obstruction see Lymphedema

Lymphedema – and see also Lymphatic Diseases

• July 25, 2016 – What Are the Complications and Treatment for Lymphedema?

Lymphoma

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Mad Cow Disease see Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Magnetic Resonance Imaging see MRI Scans

Malaria

• April 7, 2014 – What Treatment is Available for Malaria?

Male Breast Cancer

Male Genital Disorders see Penis Disorders; Testicular Disorders

Male Menopause see Men’s Health Issues

Malignancy see Cancer

Mammaplasty see Breast Reconstruction

Mammography

• October 21, 2013 – When in the Future Should An Adolescent Be Screened for Breast Cancer?

Managed Care

Mandibular Disorders see Jaw Injuries and Disorders

Manic-Depressive Illness see Bipolar Disorder

Man-Made Disasters

Maple Syrup Urine Disease see Genetic Brain Disorders

Marfan Syndrome

Marijuana Abuse

• January 31, 2022 – What Considerations Are There in Prescribing a Medical Cannabis Card?
• September 2, 2019 – What is the Dosing of CBD Oil?
• March 11, 2019 – How Common Is Unintentional Cannabis Ingestion?
• November 23, 2009 – Is This Really Weed?

Mastectomy

Maxillary Disorders see Jaw Injuries and Disorders

MDMA see Club Drugs

Measles

• January 6, 2014 – What Are the Complications of Measles?

Mediastinal Disorders see Chest Injuries and Disorders

Medicaid

Medical Device Safety

Medical Ethics

• November 21, 2011 – What Do You Do When The Parent is Impaired?

Medical Research see Understanding Medical Research

Medicare

Medicare Prescription Drug Plan

Medicinal Herbs see Herbal Medicine

Medicines

• July 13, 2009 – Why Does He Have Such a Dry Mouth?
• March 3, 2008 – DRESS Syndrome in the Differential

Medicines, Over-the-Counter see Over-the-Counter Medicines

Melanoma

• March 27, 2017 – What Is the Mole Alphabet Again?

Memory

• March 30, 2020 – What Types of Memory Impairments are There in Children?
• November 7, 2011 – What Can Cause Memory Problems?

Men’s Health Issues

Meniere’s Disease

Meningitis

• December 18, 2023 – When Should We Consider A Rickettsial Disease?
• October 28, 2013 – How Long After Neonatal Meningitis Should An Infant Have a Hearing Screening?
• November 12, 2012 – What are the Initial Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Different Types of Meningitis?
• August 16, 2010 – What Criteria Could Be Used for Outpatient Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis?
• November 19, 2007 – Trying to Make Health Care Systems Work
• August 28, 2006 – What Causes Different Colored Urine?
• May 2, 2005 – Who Should Get the New Meningococcal Vaccine?

Menopause

Menopause, Male see Men’s Health Issues

Menstruation

• November 28, 2022 – How is Endometriosis Diagnosed?
• February 14, 2022 – When Can Menstrual Suppression Start in Patients with a Disability?
• March 8, 2021 – What Are the Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea?
• January 20, 2014 – What Evaluation Should Be Considered for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding?
• April 14, 2008 – What Are the Indications for a DXA Scan in Children?
• April 3, 2006 – What is the Female Athlete Triad?

Mental Health

• November 2, 2020 – What Are Common Presentations for Factitious Disorder?
• January 16, 2012 – How Can You Stop A Habit?

Mental Health, Child see Child Mental Health

Mental Health, Teen see Teen Mental Health

Mental Retardation see Developmental Disabilities

Mercury

Merkel Cell Cancer see Skin Cancer

MERS see Coronavirus Infections

Mesothelioma see Asbestos ; Lung Cancer

Metabolic Disorders

• February 11, 2013 – What Are the Long-Term Cognitive Effects of Galactosemia?
• April 26, 2010 – What Causes Splenomegaly?
• September 14, 2009 – What Are Some Common Presentations for Inborn Errors of Metabolism?
• February 6, 2006 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Hypokalemia?

Metabolic Syndrome

Methadone see Drug Abuse

Methamphetamine

• March 28, 2011 – What Contaminants Are Found On A Child Taken From a Meth Lab?

Micturition see Urine and Urination

Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome see Coronavirus Infections

Migraine

• January 15, 2018 – What Treatment is Recommended for Common Headaches?

Milk Allergy see Food Allergy

Minerals

• December 19, 2022 – Do Epsom Salts Help?
• September 12, 2016 – What Causes Hyperphosphatemia?
• February 6, 2012 – What Are the Major Diseases Involving Copper Metabolism?

Mini-Stroke see Transient Ischemic Attack

Miscarriage see Pregnancy Loss

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease see Connective Tissue Disorders

Mobility Aids

Molds

Moles

• March 27, 2017 – What Is the Mole Alphabet Again?

Moniliasis see Yeast Infections

Monkeypox Virus Infections

Mononucleosis see Infectious Mononucleosis

Mood Disorders

• February 18, 2019 – How Common is Bipolar Disorder?

Mosquito Bites see Insect Bites and Stings

Motion Sickness

• July 31, 2006 – What Can I Do For Her Motion Sickness?

Motor Vehicle Safety

• November 13, 2023 – Child Safety Seats for At-Risk Children
• May 28, 2018 – What Is Considered a Minor Automobile Crash?
• January 22, 2018 – How Do I Counsel Families to Use Car Seats Safely in the Winter?
• May 9, 2011 – When Can Children Use All-Terrain Vehicles?
• January 28, 2008 – How Can I Help a Family with a Special Needs Child Who Needs Help With a Car Seat?
• September 10, 2007 – What Are The Laws In My State for Teen Driving?

Mouth Disorders – and see also Tongue Disorders

• September 21, 2020 – What Are Systemic Disease Causes of Oral Ulcers?
• April 16, 2018 – What Are Complications of Oropharyngeal Trauma?
• August 20, 2012 – What Causes Halitosis?
• December 19, 2011 – What Causes a Black Colored Tongue?
• September 7, 2009 – What Are The Options for Treating Excessive Salivation?
• July 27, 2009 – What Causes Macroglossia?
• July 13, 2009 – Why Does He Have Such a Dry Mouth?
• July 14, 2008 – What Are the Treatment Options for Oral Thrush in Young Infants?

Movement Disorders

• May 11, 2015 – How Common Are Tremors in Childhood?
• June 23, 2014 – What are the Most Common Motor and Vocal Tics?
• March 9, 2009 – Why is She Shaking?
• May 27, 2008 – What is the Diagnostic Criteria for PANDAS?

MRI Scans

• July 15, 2013 – What are the Recommendations for Neuroimaging Because of Headaches?

MRSA

• July 6, 2009 – What Are the Presenting Problems of Staphylococcus in Neonates?

Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome see Kawasaki Disease

Mucolipidoses see Metabolic Disorders

Mucopolysaccharidoses see Metabolic Disorders

Multiple Births see Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia see Endocrine Diseases

Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Sclerosis

• April 4, 2016 – What Genetics are Associated with Multiple Sclerosis?

Mumps

• February 15, 2010 – What is the Seroconversion Rate of Mumps Vaccine?

Muscle Cramps

Muscle Disorders

• January 17, 2022 – What Are Some Initial Evaluations for Suspected Congenital Muscle Diseases?
• September 16, 2019 – Is This a Fasciculation?
• May 21, 2018 – What is BACM?
• June 22, 2016 – How Does Spinal Muscle Atrophy Present?
• April 13, 2015 – How Long Do Creatine Kinase Levels Remain Elevated After Exercise?
• December 9, 2013 – What Causes Muscle Weakness?
• February 21, 2011 – What Causes Rhabdomyolysis?
• June 14, 2010 – What Are Fine Motor Problems that I Should Refer To an Occupational Therapist?
• August 11, 2008 – What Drugs Can Trigger Malignant Hyperthermia?
• January 8, 2008 – What Are the Long-term Sequelae of Dermatomyositis?

Muscle Strain see Sprains and Strains

Muscular Dystrophy

• June 22, 2015 – How Does Spinal Muscle Atrophy Present?
• December 9, 2013 – What Causes Muscle Weakness?

Myasthenia Gravis

• February 17, 2020 – What Are the Different Types of Myasthenia Gravis?
• February 19, 2018 – What is the Besinger Score?

Myelodysplastic Syndromes see Bone Marrow Diseases

Myeloproliferative Disorders see Bone Marrow Diseases

Myocardial Infarction see Heart Attack

Myopathies see Muscle Disorders

Myopia see Refractive Errors

Myositis

• August 1, 2022 – What Are Causes of Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease?
• May 21, 2018 – What is BACM?
• December 9, 2013 – What Causes Muscle Weakness?
• January 8, 2008 – What Are the Long-term Sequelae of Dermatomyositis?

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• December 19, 2022 – Do Epsom Salts Help?
• April 8, 2019 – What Are Treatment Options for Pediatric Onycomycosis?
• November 6, 2017 – What Causes White Nails?
• April 22, 2013 – What Causes Digital Clubbing?
• November 5, 2012 – How Fast Do Fingernails Grow?

Narcolepsy see Sleep Disorders

Narcotics see Drug Abuse

Nasal Cancer

Nasal Disorders see Nose Disorders

Native-American Health

Natural Disasters – see also Earthquakes; Fires; Floods; Hurricanes; Tornadoes; Tsunamis; Volcanoes; Winter Weather Emergencies

• October 31, 2005 – What Is the Immunization Plan for an Internally Displaced Person from a Natural Disaster?

Nausea and Vomiting

• May 2, 2016 – What Causes Vomiting?
• January 21, 2013 – What is the Physiology of Vomiting?
• December 4, 2006 – What Causes Neonatal Bilious Emesis?

Nearsightedness see Refractive Errors

Neck Disorders and Injuries

• June 30, 2014 – What Causes Neck Stiffness?
• March 26, 2012 – What is Hangman’s Fracture?
• December 15, 2008 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Torticollis?
• October 8, 2007 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of a Neck Mass?

Neoplasms see Cancer

Nephritis see Kidney Diseases

Nerve Diseases see Neurologic Diseases

Neural Tube Defects

• January 8, 2018 – What Are Cutaneous Lesions Associated with Occult Spinal Dysraphism?
• April 2, 2007 – Can You Help Me? I Don’t Remember All Those Brain Malformations?

Neuroblastoma

• February 5, 2024 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of a Suprarenal Mass?
• March 27, 2023 – What are Presentations of Neuroblastoma?

Neurofibromatosis

• September 23, 2013 – What Neoplasms are Patients with Neurofibromatosis At Risk For?
• February 4, 2013 – How Common Are Skeletal Problems in Neurofibromatosis Patients?

Neurogenic Bladder see Bladder Diseases

Neurologic Diseases

• April 4, 2016 – What Genetics are Associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
• April 25, 2011 – What is the Difference between Nystagmus and Ocular Motor Apraxia?
• August 2, 2010 – What is the Epidemiology and Genetics of the Major Phacomatoses?
• March 10, 2008 – What Information Should Be in a Health Care Plan for a Child with Special Health Care Needs?

Neuroma, Acoustic see Acoustic Neuroma

Neuromuscular Disorders

• September 16, 2019 – Is This a Fasciculation?
• April 4, 2016 – What Genetics are Associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
• March 9, 2009 – Why is She Shaking?

Neuropathy see Peripheral Nerve Disorders

Newborn Screening

• June 28, 2021 – What Types of New Therapies are Available for Cystic Fibrosis?
• March 19, 2012 – What Does Bart’s Hemoglobin on a Neonatal Screening Test Mean?
• December 12, 2011 – Who Was Virginia Apgar and How Good is Her Scoring System?
• November 14, 2011 – How Good Are Hearing and Vision Screening Tests in Children?
• October 9, 2006 – What Tests Are Available to Diagnose Cystic Fibrosis?
• September 11, 2006 – How Do I Treat Congenital Hypothyroidism?

Nicotine see Smoking

Niemann-Pick Disease see Genetic Brain Disorders

Noise

Non-Drug Pain Management

• June 1, 2020 – What is Dry Needling?

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma see Lymphoma

Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus see Diabetes; Diabetes Type 2

Non-Prescription Drugs see Over-the-Counter Medicines

Norovirus Infections

• June 6, 2022 – Why Does Norovirus Spread So Easily?
• April 23, 2018 – What Causes Hyponatremia?

Norwalk Virus Infections see Norovirus Infections

Nose Disorders

• April 8, 2024 – How Do You Treat Nasal Fractures?
• February 4, 2008 – What Causes Nosebleeds?
• September 25, 2006 – What Can I Use for Her Cold?

Nuclear Scans

• July 25, 2011 – What Are the Indications for PET and PET/CT?

Nursing Homes

Nutrition

• September 29, 2014 – What Are the Essential Amino Acids and How Much Protein Do I Need?
• September 24, 2012 – Weight Loss: The Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with One Step
• January 5, 2009 – How Much Vitamin D is in Milk?
• September 2, 2008 – What Types of Foods Should Vegetarians Eat to Maintain Proper Nutrition?

Nutrition for Seniors

Nutrition, Child see Child Nutrition

Nutritional Support

• January 21, 2019 – What Complications Can Gastrostomy Tubes Have?

Nystagmus see Eye Movement Disorders

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• May 16, 2022 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis for Brown and Grey Skin Conditions?
• January 4, 2016 – What Are Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis?
• September 24, 2012 – Weight Loss: The Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with One Step
• September 12, 2011 – Is His Penis Too Small?
• October 18, 2004 – What Follow-Up is Needed for a Borderline Cholesterol Test?

Obesity in Children

• May 16, 2022 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis for Brown and Grey Skin Conditions?
• April 11, 2016 – At What Age Can Children Have Their Teeth Whitened?
• September 24, 2012 – Weight Loss: The Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with One Step
• December 5, 2011 – When Do You Start Children on Lipid Lowering Medications?
• September 12, 2011 – Is His Penis Too Small?
• October 18, 2004 – What Follow-Up is Needed for a Borderline Cholesterol Test?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• May 27, 2008 – What is the Diagnostic Criteria for PANDAS?

Occupational Health

Occupational Health for Healthcare Providers

• August 31, 2020 – How Good Are Face Shields for Preventing Respiratory Infections?
• June 3, 2013 – What Ambient Temperature is Appropriate?

Occupational Injuries see Occupational Health

Occupational Therapy see Rehabilitation

Ombudsman Programs see Patient Issues

Omega-3 Fatty Acids see Dietary Fats

Oncology see Cancer

Onychomycosis see Nail Diseases

Ophthalmology see Eye Diseases

Opiates see Drug Abuse ; Heroin Abuse

Oral Cancer

Oral Tobacco see Smokeless Tobacco

Organ Donation

Organ Transplantation

• June 24, 2019 – What Infectious Diseases are Important to Consider in Transplantation Patients?
• February 8, 2016 – What Factors Influence Linear Growth After Transplantation?
• September 10, 2012 – What Are the Side Effects of Immunosuppressive Medication?

Orthodontia

Osteoarthritis

• November 30, 2020 – How Common Are Bone Spurs in Young Athletes?
• November 19, 2007 – Trying to Make Health Care Systems Work

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteomyelitis see Bone Diseases

Osteonecrosis

• May 19, 2008 – What is Kohler’s Disease?

Osteoporosis

• April 14, 2008 – What Are the Indications for a DXA Scan in Children?
• April 3, 2006 – What is the Female Athlete Triad?

Osteosarcoma see Bone Cancer

Ostomy

• November 15, 2021 – What Are Some Indications for a Vesicostomy?
• March 29, 2021 – What Are Indications for a Ileostomy?

Otitis Media see Ear Infections

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian Insufficiency see Premature Ovarian Failure

Over-the-Counter Medicines

• July 23, 2007 – “How Will I Ever Remember the Dose for TylenolÆ?”

Overactive Bladder see Urinary Incontinence

Overactive Thyroid see Hyperthyroidism

Overweight see Body Weight; Obesity

Oxygen Therapy

• April 29, 2013 – What Are the Basic Oxygen Delivery Methods?

Ozone

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• July 7, 2013 – What Are Indications for Pediatric Pacemakers?

Pacific Islander Health see Asian-American Health

Paget’s Disease of Bone

Paget’s Disease of Breast see Breast Cancer

Pain

• January 31, 2011 – Is This Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
• November 22, 2004 – What Causes Chronic Chest Pain?

Pain Relievers

• July 23, 2007 – “How Will I Ever Remember the Dose for TylenolÆ?”

Pain, Abdominal see Abdominal Pain

Pain, Back see Back Pain

Pain, Chest see Angina ; Pain

Palliative Care

• November 24, 2014 – What Types of Patients Can Be Referred for Palliative Care Services?

Pancreas Transplantation

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic Diseases

Pancreatitis

• September 16, 2013 – What is the Definition of Acute Pancreatitis?

Panic Disorder

• September 26, 2022 – What Are Treatments for Panic Disorder?

PAP Smear see Cervical Cancer

Paralysis

• June 3, 2019 – What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?

Paralysis, Infantile see Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome

Paralytic Ileus see Intestinal Obstruction

Paranasal Sinus Cancer see Nasal Cancer

Parasitic Diseases

• March 20, 2023 – What Are Presentations of Neurocysticercosis?
• November 7, 2016 – How is Swimmer’s Itch Diagnosed?
• October 3, 2016 – Creepy Crawlie Therapy?
• July 18, 2016 – Look What I Got On Summer Vacation – Giardia!
• March 7, 2011 – What Are the New Medicines Available for Head Lice?
• February 12, 2007 – What Treatments are Recommended for Head Lice?
• February 7, 2005 – What Else Looks Like Scabies?

Parathyroid Disorders

Parenteral Nutrition see Nutritional Support

Parenting

• April 16, 2012 – Is Television All Bad?

Parkinson’s Disease

Paronychia see Nail Diseases

Parotid Gland Disorders see Salivary Gland Disorders

Passive Smoking see Secondhand Smoke

Patella see Knee Injuries and Disorders

Paternity Testing see Genetic Testing

Patient Issues

Patient Records see Personal Medical Records

Patient Rights

• November 9, 2009 – How Do You Define Professionalism?

Patient Safety

PCOS see Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Pediatrics see Children’s Health

Pee see Urine and Urination

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

• May 9, 2016 – What Causes Pelvic Pain?
• January 18, 2010 – What are the Risks of Infertility after Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

Pelvic Pain

Pelvic Support Problems

• February 28, 2022 – What Causes Rectal Prolapse?

Pelvis see Hip Injuries and Disorders

Penis Disorders

• April 24, 2023 – What Are the Goals of Hypospadias Repair?
• September 12, 2011 – Is His Penis Too Small?
• March 21, 2011 – What Do You Call That Again?
• June 1, 2009 – He Just Makes a Mess!
• July 17, 2006 – What Causes Priapsim?

Peptic Ulcer

• July 1, 2013 – How Common Are Gastric Ulcers?

Pericardial Disorders

• January 13, 2020 – What Is the Classic Clinical Presentation of Pericarditis?

Pericardial Effusion see Pericardial Disorders

Pericarditis see Pericardial Disorders

Perimenopause see Menopause

Periodontal Disease see Gum Disease

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Peripheral Nerve Disorders

• November 4, 2013 – What Are the Basic Categories of Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury?
• January 31, 2011 – Is This Complex Regional Pain Syndrome?
• September 7, 2010 – What Causes Peripheral Neuropathy?

Peritoneal Dialysis see Dialysis ; Kidney Failure

Peritoneal Disorders

• June 8, 2020 – What Causes Free Peritoneal Fluid?

Peritonitis see Peritoneal Disorders

Persian Gulf War see Veteran’s Health

Persistent Vegetative State see Coma

Personal Medical Records

Personality Disorders

• October 19, 2020 – How are Personality Disorders Clustered?

Pertussis see Whooping Cough

Pesticides

• July 18, 2011 – There are Bugs in the House!

PET Scans see Nuclear Scans

Pets and Pet Health

• January 9, 2023 – What is An Emotional Support Animal?

Pfiesteria Infections

Phantom Limb see Amputees

Pharyngitis see Sore Throat

Pharynx Cancer see Head and Neck Cancer

Pharynx Disorders see Throat Disorders

Phenylketonuria

• March 7, 2016 – Why Does Aspartame Have a Warning Label?

Pheochromocytoma

Phobias

• April 4, 2022 – Who’s Afraid of Needles?
• May 8, 2017 – What Causes School Absenteeism?
• February 26, 2007 – How Do You Differentiate Fears and Phobias?

Physical Fitness see Exercise and Physical Fitness

Physical Therapy see Rehabilitation

PID see Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Piercing and Tattoos

• May 18, 2020 – What Are Potential Complications of Tattooing?
• June 4, 2012 – How Long Do Body Piercings Take to Heal?

Pilonidal Cyst see Tailbone Disorders

Pimples see Acne

Pink Eye see Eye Diseases

Pinworms

• October 31, 2022 – What Causes Anal Itching?
• January 13, 2014 – How Do You Treat Pinworms?

Pituitary Disorders

• May 25, 2020 – How Long Does Neonatal Galactorrhea Last?
• May 4, 2015 – How Do You Treat Adrenal Crisis?

PKU see Phenylketonuria

Plague

Plantar Fasciitis see Heel Injuries and Disorders

Plantar Warts see Warts

Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery

• July 18, 2022 – How Are Port-Wine Stains Treated?
• December 14, 2020 – What Are Potential Complications of Breast Surgery?

Platelet Disorders

• April 26, 2021 – Are There Developmental Changes in Platelet Function for Children?
• December 10, 2012 – What Causes Thrombocytosis?
• April 11, 2011 – What Are the Indications for Anticoagulant Medication?

Pleural Disorders

• May 20, 2013 – What Causes Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

Pleural Effusion see Pleural Disorders

Pleurisy see Pleural Disorders

PMS see Premenstrual Syndrome

Pneumocystis Carinii Infections

Pneumonia

• January 28, 2019 – What Are Common Causes of Blindness in Children?
• July 14, 2014 – What Medications Should Be Avoided with Long QT Syndrome?
• April 9, 2012 – How Common Is Human Metapneumovirus?
• February 21, 2011 – What Causes Rhabdomyolysis?
• May 31, 2010 – What Are the Complications of Pneumonia?
• February 25, 2008 – How Do Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections Present?
• June 4, 2007 – Isn’t Radiation Risky?
• November 6, 2006 – What Are the Complications of Pneumonia?

Pneumothorax see Collapsed Lung; Pleural Disorders

Poison Ivy, Oak and Sumac

• January 30, 2017 – What is Black Spot Poison Ivy?
• October 12, 2015 – How Large Does A Spider Have to Be To Perforate Human Skin?

Poisoning

• April 12, 2021 – What Are Toxin-Mediated Diseases?
• December 19, 2016 – What Medical Problems Do Laundry Pods Cause?
• November 8, 2010 – What Are Common Toxidromes?
• November 23, 2009 – Is This Really Weed?
• December 17, 2007 – How Can We Improve Patient Safety?
• October 22, 2007 – What Causes Hallucinations?

Poisons in the Home see Household Poisons

Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome

• October 2, 2023 – How Many Countries Still Have Endemic Wild Polio?

Polychondritis see Cartilage Disorders

Polycystic Kidney Disease see Kidney Diseases

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

• December 5, 2016 – What are Potential Health Problems Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Polymyositis see Myositis

Porphyria

Post-herpetic Neuralgia see Shingles

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

• November 14, 2016 – How Common is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children?
• December 7, 2015 – What Are Factors that Make Children More Resilient to the Effects of War?

Postpartum Depression

• February 15, 2016 – What Are Current Treatments for Postpartum Depression?

Potassium

• September 24, 2018 – What Causes Hyperkalemia?

Prader-Willi Syndrome

• November 8, 2004 – What Causes Hypotonia in Infants?

Preconception Care

Preeclampsia

Pregnancy

• June 27, 2022 – What are Potential Problems with Placental Abnormalities?
• July 13, 2020 – What Causes Early Pregnancy Vaginal Bleeding?
• May 11, 2020 – How Much Breast Milk Does a Lactating Woman Make?
• April 9, 2007 – What Are Some of the Complications of Teenage Pregnancy?

Pregnancy and AIDS see AIDS and Pregnancy

Pregnancy and Diabetes see Diabetes and Pregnancy

Pregnancy and Substance Abuse

• January 11, 2021 – How Long Do You Monitor Neonates for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)?
• March 11, 2019 – How Common Is Unintentional Cannabis Ingestion?

Pregnancy Loss

Pregnancy, Infections in see Infections and Pregnancy

Pregnancy, Teen see Teenage Pregnancy

Premature Babies

• June 27, 2022 – What are Potential Problems with Placental Abnormalities?
• May 31, 2021 – Which Premature Infants Need Eye Exams?
• May 10, 2021 – What Are Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
• February 12, 2018 – What Growth Charts Are Best?
• November 13, 2017 – How Long Do Late Preterm Infants Need Supplemental Feedings?
• December 8, 2014 – What Are the Advantages of Human Donor Breastmilk?
• April 5, 2010 – What Are the Long Term Neurological Outcomes of Premature Infants with IVH?
• June 13, 2008 – How Often Does Pneumatosis Intestinalis Occur with NEC?
• February 27, 2006 – What Causes Apnea in a Premature Infant?
• March 14, 2005 – What is the Classification of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)?
• October 11, 2004 – Which Infants Need RSV Prophylaxis?

Premature Menopause see Premature Ovarian Failure

Premature Ovarian Failure

Premenstrual Syndrome

Prenatal Care

• July 18, 2005 – What is the Risk of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Women of Advanced Maternal Age?

Prenatal Testing

• August 18, 2008 – How Common is RhD Isoimmunization?
• July 18, 2005 – What is the Risk of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Women of Advanced Maternal Age?

Prescription Drug Abuse

• January 11, 2021 – How Long Do You Monitor Neonates for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)?
• June 5, 2017 – How Do I Keep My Prescription Stimulant Safe At College?
• November 9, 2009 – How Do You Define Professionalism?

Pressure Sores

• February 10, 2014 – How Do You Treat Minor Pressure Ulcers?

Preventing Disease and Staying Healthy

Primary Pulmonary Hypertension see Pulmonary Hypertension

Prion Diseases see Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ; Degenerative Nerve Diseases

Privacy see Personal Medical Records

Proctitis see Anal and Rectal Diseases

Progeria see Metabolic Disorders

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Prostate Cancer

Prostate Diseases

Prosthetic Limbs see Amputees

Protective Eye Wear see Eye Injuries

Proteins see Dietary Proteins

Proteinuria see Urine and Urination

Pruritus Ani see Anal and Rectal Diseases

Pseudogout see Gout and Pseudogout

Psoriasis

• April 14, 2014 – How Does Pediatric Psoriasis Present?

Psoriatic Arthritis see Arthritis

Psychiatric Disorders see Mental Health

Psychotic Disorders

• November 21, 2011 – What Do You Do When The Parent is Impaired?
• October 22, 2007 – What Causes Hallucinations?

Ptosis see Eye Lid Disorders

PTSD see Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Puberty – and see also Child Development ; Teen Development

• February 8, 2016 – What Factors Influence Linear Growth After Transplantation?

Pulmonary Embolism

• September 23, 2019 – What Are Pulmonary Embolism Risk Factors?

Pulmonary Emphysema see Emphysema

Pulmonary Fibrosis

• August 1, 2022 – What Are Causes of Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease?

Pulmonary Hypertension

Pyelonephritis see Kidney Diseases

PXE see Connective Tissue Disorders

Q

Return to top

Quackery see Health Fraud

R

Return to top

• April 25, 2016 – What Do You Do When the Rabies Vaccination Schedule is Off Schedule?
• July 11, 2011 – What are the New Recommendations for Rabies Vaccine Treatment?

Radiation Exposure

• June 4, 2007 – Isn’t Radiation Risky?

Radiation Therapy

Radiofrequency Ablation see Radiation Therapy

Radiography see X-Rays

Radionuclide Scans see Nuclear Scans

Radiosurgery see Radiation Therapy

Radiotherapy see Radiation Therapy

Radon

• February 13, 2017 – At What Radon Level Should Mitigation Be Considered?

Rape see Sexual Assault

Rare Diseases

• November 26, 2018 – What is Genomic Imprinting?

Rashes – and see also Dermatitis

• April 20, 2015 – What Causes Bullae?
• March 2, 2015 – What Causes Vesicular Exanthams?
• November 17, 2014 – “I’m Just In the Band”
• September 8, 2014 – What is Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome?
• May 5, 2014 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis of Purpura?
• December 7, 2009 – How Can I Test for Nickel?

Raynaud’s Disease

• May 30, 2022 – Chilblains: An Old But Now More Common Problem

Recreational Safety see Sports Safety ; Water Safety (Recreational)

Rectal Cancer see Colorectal Cancer

Rectal Diseases see Anal and Rectal Diseases

Rectal Prolapse see Anal and Rectal Diseases

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Refractive Errors

Rehabilitation

• January 9, 2023 – What is An Emotional Support Animal?

Reiter’s Syndrome see Arthritis

Renal Cancer see Kidney Cancer

Renal Dialysis see Dialysis

Renal Disease see Kidney Diseases

Repetitive Motion Injuries see Ergonomics

Reproductive Health

• December 4, 2023 – What Are Some Risks For Offspring of Assisted Reproductive Technologies?

Residential Care see Assisted Living

Respiratory Diseases – and see also Lung Diseases

• December 2, 2019 – What Causes Respiratory Failure?
• December 15, 2014 – What Are Risk Factors for Progression To Severe Disease with Bronchiolitis?
• April 15, 2013 – How Do Airway Malacias Present?
• March 24, 2008 – What’s the Difference Between Stridor and Stertor?

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

• December 2, 2019 – What Causes Respiratory Failure?
• December 15, 2014 – What Are Risk Factors for Progression To Severe Disease with Bronchiolitis?
• April 29, 2013 – What Are the Basic Oxygen Delivery Methods?
• March 31, 2008 – How Well Does Palivizumab Work?
• October 11, 2004 – Which Infants Need RSV Prophylaxis?

Restless Legs

• June 10, 2019 – How Common is Restless Legs Syndrome in Children?

Retinal Disorders

• May 31, 2021 – Which Premature Infants Need Eye Exams?
• August 19, 2019 – What Does the General Pediatrician Do When There Are Concerns for a Rare Disease?
• April 13, 2009 – How Common Is Pediatric Ocular Trauma?
• January 2, 2007 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Leukocoria?

Retinoblastoma see Eye Cancer

Rett Syndrome

• January 11, 2016 – What Types of Hand Stereotypies are Associated with Rett Syndrome?

Reye Syndrome

• February 20, 2017 – What Causes Hyperammonemia?

Rhabdomyosarcoma see Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rib Injuries see Chest Injuries and Disorders

Rickets

• January 5, 2009 – How Much Vitamin D is in Milk?
• December 6, 2004 – What are Presentations for Rickets?

Ringworm see Tinea Infections

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever see Tick Bites

Rodenticides see Pesticides

Rohypnol see Club Drugs

Root Canal see Tooth Disorders

Rosacea

Roseola see Viral Infections

Rotator Cuff Injuries see Shoulder Injuries and Disorders

Rotavirus Infections

• March 25, 2019 – How Long Does Fecal Shedding Occur for Oral Vaccines?

RSV Infections see Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Rubella

• June 18, 2012 – How Common is Rubella in the United States?

Rubeola see Measles

Runaways see Homeless Health Concerns

Rural Health Concerns

S

Return to top

Safety Issues

• August 14, 2017 – What Should Parents Teach Their Children About Stranger Safety?
• August 13, 2012 – What Can Parents Do To Help Their Teens Be Responsible?
• May 7, 2012 – How Should I Counsel a Mother Using a Bedside Co-Sleeper?
• January 3, 2011 – What Parental Guidance Should I Offer to Parents About Winter Safety?
• September 10, 2007 – What Are The Laws In My State for Teen Driving?
• June 20, 2005 – What Safety Precautions Should Be Used for Children Around Lawnmowers?

Safety, Child see Child Safety

Salivary Gland Disorders

• April 10, 2023 – What Causes Parotitis?
• October 8, 2007 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of a Neck Mass?

Salmonella Infections

• August 25, 2008 – How Do You Treat Invasive Salmonella Infections?
• October 30, 2006 – What Organisms Cause Osteomyelitis?

Salt see Dietary Sodium

Sarcoidosis

• May 6, 2019 – Is This Sarcoidosis?

Sarcoma, Ewing’s see Bone Cancer

Sarcoma, Soft Tissue see Soft Tissue Sarcoma

SARS see Coronavirus Infections

Scabies

• October 8, 2012 – What Causes Scoliosis?
• February 7, 2005 – What Else Looks Like Scabies?

Scarlet Fever see Streptococcal Infections

Scars

• July 17, 2023 – How Are Keloids Treated?

Schizophrenia

School Health

• March 11, 2024 – What is Twice-Exceptionality?
• August 26, 2019 – Is Physical Activity the Same for Traditionally Schooled and Homeschooled Children?
• July 30, 2018 – What Causes School Failure?
• October 24, 2016 – What Can Parents Do To Help Their Junior High or High School Student Start Off Right?
• August 3, 2015 – What Does a Child Need to Do To Be Ready to Go To Kindergarten?
• October 6, 2014 – What Are Legal Issues that Affect Health?
• March 24, 2014 – How do Gifted Children Present?
• December 16, 2013 – When Can A Child Return to Learning?
• January 23, 2012 – What Can Parents Do To Keep Their Children Safe on Playgrounds?
• October 31, 2011 – What Are Risk Factors for Grade Retention?

Sciatica

SCID see Immune System and Disorders

Scleroderma

Scoliosis

• December 4, 2017 – How Do You Perform the Adams Forward Bend Test?
• February 4, 2013 – How Common Are Skeletal Problems in Neurofibromatosis Patients?
• December 11, 2006 – How Do You Measure All Those Angles?

Screening see Preventing Disease and Staying Healthy

Seasickness see Motion Sickness

Seasonal Affective Disorder

• January 17, 2011 – What is the Dose of Light Therapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Secondhand Smoke

Seizures

• February 19, 2024 – What are Some Causes of Acute Onset of Loss of Speech Abilities?
• May 1, 2023 – What Are the Classifications of Perinatal Stroke?
• March 20, 2023 – What Are Presentations of Neurocysticercosis?
• November 2, 2020 – What Are Common Presentations for Factitious Disorder?
• September 7, 2020 – What Is In A Ketogenic Diet?
• November 2, 2009 – What Evaluation is Appropriate for Complex Febrile Seizures?
• January 9, 2006 – What Are the Classifications of Seizures?

Self Harm

• January 20, 2020 – Who Self-Harms?
• September 10, 2018 – What Should Be In A Mental Health Safety Plan?

Senility see Dementia

Seniors’ Fitness see Exercise for Seniors

Seniors’ Health Issues

Seniors’ Nutrition see Nutrition for Seniors

Sepsis

• October 1, 2018 – What is the Blood Culture Recovery Rate After Antibiotic Pretreatment?
• December 17, 2007 – How Can We Improve Patient Safety?
• September 3, 2007 – What Should I Order for An Immune Workup?
• January 29, 2007 – What Organisms Cause Neonatal Sepsis?

Septic Arthritis see Arthritis

Septic Shock see Sepsis

Septicemia see Sepsis

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome see Coronavirus Infections

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency see Immune System and Disorders

Sexting see Internet Safety

Sexual Abuse of Children see Child Sexual Abuse

Sexual Assault

• April 22, 2019 – What Are Some Potential Indicators of Human Trafficking?

Sexual Health Issues

• November 16, 2020 – What Distinguishes Childhood Masturbation from Other Potential Diagnostic Entities?
• June 20, 2016 – What are Paraphilias and How Common is Zoophilia in Adolescents?
• August 26, 2013 – What Are Common Sexual Behaviors in Young Children?

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• September 28, 2020 – What Are the Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Congenital Syphilis?
• July 17, 2017 – How Common Are STIs?
• May 14, 2007 – What is the Best Treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum?
• November 29, 2004 – What is the Current Treatment for Uncomplicated Urethritis?

Shaken Baby Syndrome see Child Abuse

Shaking Palsy see Parkinson’s Disease

Shingles

Shock see First Aid

Shoes see Foot Health

Shortness of Breath see Breathing Problems

Shoulder Injuries and Disorders

Shy-Drager Syndrome see Degenerative Nerve Diseases ; Low Blood Pressure

Sickle Cell Anemia

• September 4, 2023 – What Are the Complications of Sickle Cell Trait?
• November 1, 2004 – What is the Differential Diagnoses of Shortness of Breath in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia and Recent Surgery?

SIDS see Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Singultus see Hiccups

Sinusitis

• July 9, 2012 – What Causes Wheezing?
• January 22, 2007 – What Organisms Cause Sinusitis?

Sjogren’s Syndrome

• December 11, 2017 – How Does Pediatric Sjögren Syndrome Present?

Skin Aging

Skin Cancer

Skin Conditions

• May 14, 2007 – What is the Best Treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum?
• April 30, 2007 – What is Polymorphous Light Eruption?

Skin Diseases

• August 7, 2023 – Is this a Harlequin Skin Change?
• November 7, 2022 – What is a Dilated Pore of Winer?
• August 22, 2022 – What Caused This Summer Birthday Party Rash?
• September 6, 2021- How does Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus Present?
• February 15, 2021 – When Should Cutis Aplasia be Worked Up?
• October 12, 2020 – What are Potential Complications of Ichthyosis?
• June 15, 2020 – What Causes Pyogenic Granulomas?
• April 30, 2018 – What Causes Flushing?
• July 24, 2017 – What Conditions is Erythema Nodosum Associated With?
• April 20, 2015 – What Causes Bullae?
• March 2, 2015 – What Causes Vesicular Exanthams?
• September 8, 2014 – What is Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome?
• August 23, 2010 – Is This An Epidermal Cyst?
• December 14, 2009 – What Causes Peeling Fingers and Toes?
• February 16, 2009 – Is it Really Henoch-Schönlein Purpura?
• December 8, 2008 – Are Leukotriene Modulators Effective for Treating Atopic Dermatitis?

Skin Pigmentation Disorders

• June 5, 2023 – When Do Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis Lesions Resolve?
• February 21, 2022 – What Are Some Mast Cell Disorders?
• December 17, 2018 – What Causes Hyperpigmentation?
• November 12, 2018 – What Causes Post-Inflammatory Hypopigmentation?
• January 27, 2014 – What Foods Contain Carotene?
• August 2, 2010 – What is the Epidemiology and Genetics of the Major Phacomatoses?
• April 12, 2010 – How Do You Treat Urticaria Pigmentosa?

Skin Rash see Rashes – and see also Dermatitis

Skull Fractures see Head and Brain Injuries

Skull Injuries see Head and Brain Injuries

Sleep Apnea

• June 12, 2017 – What are Indications for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)?
• November 21, 2005 – What Are the Indications for a Sleep Study?

Sleep Disorders

• December 11, 2023 – How Common is Accidental Suffocation in Young Infants in the US?
• September 19, 2022 – When is Bruxism Bad?
• June 10, 2019 – How Common is Restless Legs Syndrome in Children?
• February 11, 2019 – What Should You Do About Head Banging?
• August 27, 2018 – What is the Difference Between Nightmares and Night Terrors?
• June 25, 2018 – What is the Prevalence of Somnambulism?
• June 12, 2017 – What are Indications for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)?
• June 27, 2016 – How Can Melatonin Be Used to Help Sleep?
• September 14, 2015 – When Do Day-Night Circadian Rhythms Really Start for Infants?
• July 20, 2015 – What Health Problems are Caused by Inadequate Sleep?
• September 2, 2013 – What Can Parents Do To Help Their Child Sleep?
• November 21, 2005 – What Are the Indications for a Sleep Study?

Small Intestine Cancer see Intestinal Cancer

Small Intestine Disorders

• August 30, 2021 – What are Some of the Complications of Short Bowel Syndrome?
• June 1, 2015 – What is the Epidemiology of SMA Syndrome?

Smallpox

Smelling Disorders see Taste and Smell Disorders

Smoke Inhalation see Inhalation Injuries

Smokeless Tobacco

Smoking

• November 2, 2015 – What is the Epidemiology of Adolescent E-Cigarette Use?
• October 6, 2008 – What Medications Are Recommended for Adolescents Who Are Quitting Smoking?

Smoking and Youth

• November 2, 2015 – What is the Epidemiology of Adolescent E-Cigarette Use?
• October 6, 2008 – What Medications Are Recommended for Adolescents Who Are Quitting Smoking?

Smoking Cessation

• October 6, 2008 – What Medications Are Recommended for Adolescents Who Are Quitting Smoking?

Smoking in Pregnancy see Pregnancy and Substance Abuse

Smoking, Passive see Secondhand Smoke

Snake Bites see Animal Bites

Snoring

• June 12, 2017 – What are Indications for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)?
• March 24, 2008 – What’s the Difference Between Stridor and Stertor?

Snuff see Smokeless Tobacco

Social Phobia see Phobias

Sodium, Dietary see Dietary Sodium

Soft Tissue Sarcoma

• May 18, 2009 – How Common Are Second Malignancies After a Primary Malignancy?

Sore Throat – and see also Throat Disorders

• March 8, 2010 – What Causes Pharyngitis?
• September 22, 2008 – What Else Causes Acute Pharyngitis That Isn’t Group A Streptococcus?

South American Trypanosomiasis see Chagas Disease

Spasmodic Torticollis see Dystonia

Spasticity see Neuromuscular Disorders

Speech and Communication Disorders

• February 19, 2024 – What are Some Causes of Acute Onset of Loss of Speech Abilities?
• November 4, 2019 – What Does Non-Verbal Mean?
• November 23, 2015 – What Is the Rate of Stuttering Recovery?
• March 9, 2015 – Does a Primary Language Impairment Affect Both Languages in a Bilingual Child?
• September 20, 2010 – “Where Do We Begin?”
• August 14, 2006 – What are the Indications for a Referral to Speech Therapy?

Spider Bites – and also see Insect Bites and Stings

• October 12, 2015 – How Large Does A Spider Have to Be To Perforate Human Skin?

Spider Veins see Varicose Veins

Spina Bifida

• February 1, 2016 – What Are Risk Factors for Latex Allergy?

Spinal Cord Diseases

• February 19, 2007 – How Does Transverse Myelitis Present?

Spinal Cord Injuries

• September 30, 2013 – What Are the Symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia?

Spinal Diseases

• September 19, 2016 – How Common are Herniated Disks in Children?
• August 6, 2007 – How Often Do Cervical Spine Radiographs Need to Be Obtained for Down Syndrome Patients?
• February 19, 2007 – How Does Transverse Myelitis Present?

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Spinal Stenosis

Spine Injuries and Disorders – and see also Spinal Diseases

• August 8, 2022 – What Causes Kyphosis?
• December 4, 2017 – How Do You Perform the Adams Forward Bend Test?

Spit Tobacco see Smokeless Tobacco

Spleen Diseases

Splenomegaly see Spleen Diseases

Splinters see Foreign Bodies

Spondylitis, Ankylosing see Ankylosing Spondylitis

Spondylolisthesis see Spine Injuries and Disorders

Sports Fitness

• December 20, 2021 – How Much Weight Should be Used in Strength Training?
• December 7, 2020 – What Areas of the Physical Examination are Important in the Pre-participation Physical Examination?
• October 21, 2019 – Bulking Up For Sports?
• November 17, 2014 – “I’m Just In the Band”
• May 12, 2014 – When Can A Child Start Strength Training?
• April 3, 2006 – What is the Female Athlete Triad?

Sports Injuries

• February 16, 2015 – How Common is Gout?

Sports Safety

• December 20, 2021 – How Much Weight Should be Used in Strength Training?
• October 22, 2018 – How Are Bicycle Helmets Designed to Prevent Head Injuries?
• May 12, 2014 – When Can A Child Start Strength Training?
• September 29, 2008 – How Should Bike Helmets Be Fitted?
• August 8, 2005 – What Kind of Toys Should a Home Have?

Spouse Abuse see Domestic Violence

Sprains and Strains

• May 1, 2017 – How Good Are Ankle Rules for Determining If a Patient Needs An X-Ray?

Squint see Eye Movement Disorders

Stammering see Stuttering

Staphylococcal Infections

• July 13, 2015 – Are These Abscesses?
• July 6, 2009 – What Are the Presenting Problems of Staphylococcus in Neonates?

Statistics see Health Statistics

Staying Healthy see Preventing Disease and Staying Healthy

STD see Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome see Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Stein-Leventhal Syndrome see Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Stem Cells and Stem Cell Transplantation

Stepfamilies see Family Issues

Sterility see Infertility

Sterilization see Birth Control

Steroids

• June 7, 2021 – What Are Some Indications for Using Dexamethasone?

Still’s Disease see Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Stillbirth see Pregnancy Loss

Stomach Cancer

Stomach Disorders

• February 24, 2014 – How Long Before Gastroparesis Improves?
• August 27, 2012 – What Causes Weight Loss?
• November 12, 2007 – What Causes Emesis in a Neonate?

Stomach Flu see Gastroenteritis

Stomach Stapling see Weight Loss Surgery

Stomach Ulcer see Peptic Ulcer

Stool Soiling see Toilet Training and Bedwetting

Strabismus see Eye Movement Disorders

Strep Throat see Streptococcal Infections ; Throat Disorders

Streptococcal Infections

• July 16, 2018 – How Common is Recurrent Kawasaki Disease?
• December 11, 2017 – How Does Pediatric Sjögren Syndrome Present?
• February 22, 2016 – What Serotypes Cause the Most Group B Streptococcal Disease?
• November 23, 2015 – What Is the Rate of Stuttering Recovery?
• April 20, 2015 – What Causes Bullae?
• February 17, 2014 – How Common is Hypersensitivity Cross-Reactivity with NSAIDs?
• May 23, 2011 – How Common Is Rheumatic Heart Disease?
• November 29, 2010 – What Causes Hypocomplementemic Glomerulonephritis?
• August 16, 2010 – What Criteria Could Be Used for Outpatient Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis?
• September 14, 2009 – What Are Some Common Presentations for Inborn Errors of Metabolism?
• May 27, 2008 – What is the Diagnostic Criteria for PANDAS?
• September 3, 2007 – What Should I Order for An Immune Workup?
• January 29, 2007 – What Organisms Cause Neonatal Sepsis?
• November 6, 2006 – What Are the Complications of Pneumonia?
• July 5, 2005 – What are the Indications for a Tonsillectomy?
• September 30, 2004 – What are the Risks of Male Infant Circumcision?

Stress

• May 10, 2010 – We’re Moving. How Can I Help My Child?

Stroke

• May 1, 2023 – What Are the Classifications of Perinatal Stroke?
• August 22, 2011 – What Causes Pediatric Stroke?

Stuttering

• November 23, 2015 – What Is the Rate of Stuttering Recovery?

Stye see Eye Lid Disorders

Substance Abuse see Alcoholism ; Drug Abuse; Drugs and Young People

Substance Abuse in Pregnancy see Pregnancy and Substance Abuse

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

• December 11, 2023 – How Common is Accidental Suffocation in Young Infants in the US?
• October 3, 2022 – When Should a Newborn Infant Start Tummy Time?
• December 1, 2014 – Can I Use a Space Heater?
• May 7, 2012 – How Should I Counsel a Mother Using a Bedside Co-Sleeper?
• February 5, 2007 – What Causes SIDS?

Sugar see Carbohydrates

Sugar in the Blood see Diabetes

Sugar Substitutes see Carbohydrates

Suicide

• September 10, 2018 – What Should Be In A Mental Health Safety Plan?
• March 26, 2012 – What is Hangman’s Fracture?

Sun Exposure

• April 30, 2007 – What is Polymorphous Light Eruption?
• May 8, 2006 – When Can Babies Use Sunscreen?

Sunburn see Sun Exposure

Sunstroke see Heat Illness

Surgery

Surgery, Plastic see Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery

Swallowing Disorders

• October 16, 2023 – What Causes Dysphagia?

Sweat

• May 11, 2009 – What Causes Bromhidrosis?
• July 28, 2008 – What Causes Sweaty Babies?

Sweeteners, Artificial see Carbohydrates

Swimmer’s Ear see Ear Infections

Swollen Glands see Lymphatic Diseases

Syncope see Fainting

Syndrome X see Angina ; Metabolic Syndrome

Syphilis

• September 28, 2020 – What Are the Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Congenital Syphilis?

Syringomyelia

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus see Lupus

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Tachypnea see Breathing Problems

Tailbone Disorders

• July 20, 2009 – Does This Sacral Dimple Need to be Evaluated?
• August 21, 2006 – How Do You Treat A Pilonidal Cyst?

Talking With Your Doctor

Tanning see Sun Exposure

Tardive Dyskinesia see Movement Disorders

Taste and Smell Disorders

• April 20, 2020 – Are Taste Preferences Genetic?

Tattoos see Piercing and Tattoos

Tay-Sachs Disease

TB see Tuberculosis

TBI see Head and Brain Injuries

Teen Depression – and see also Teen Mental Health

• September 10, 2018 – What Should Be In A Mental Health Safety Plan?

Teen Development

• February 10, 2020 – When Does Executive Function Happen?

Teen Drug Abuse see Drugs and Young People

Teen Health

• May 13, 2019 – What Are Barriers and Facilitators of Transitioning Youth to an Adult Health Care Provider?
• August 26, 2013 – What Are Common Sexual Behaviors in Young Children?

Teen Mental Health

• March 26, 2012 – What is Hangman’s Fracture?

Teen Nutrition see Child Nutrition

Teen Sexual Health

• April 22, 2019 – What Are Some Potential Indicators of Human Trafficking?
• June 20, 2016 – What are Paraphilias and How Common is Zoophilia in Adolescents?
• September 9, 2013 – What are Some Health Risks that LGBTQ Youth are at Risk For?
• October 24, 2011 – What Are Indications for IUD Use in Teens?
• June 13, 2011 – What Are Indications for Pelvic Examinations in Adolescents?
• January 24, 2011 – What are the Laws Regarding Teenage Contraception?
• August 4, 2008 – How Can I Make My Sexual Interview More Gender Neutral?

Teen Violence

• December 7, 2015 – What Are Factors that Make Children More Resilient to the Effects of War?
• August 19, 2013 – Gun Violence Is a Public Health Measure

Teenage Drinking see Underage Drinking

Teenage Pregnancy

• October 24, 2011 – What Are Indications for IUD Use in Teens?
• April 9, 2007 – What Are Some of the Complications of Teenage Pregnancy?

Teens’ Page

Teeth see Tooth Disorders

Temporal Arteritis see Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

• March 5, 2012 – What Causes Jaw Pain?

Tendinitis

Tennis Elbow see Elbow Injuries and Disorders

Tension Headache see Headache

Terrorist Attacks see Biodefense and Bioterrorism ; Chemical Weapons ; Disasters and Emergency Preparedness

Testicular Cancer

• October 15, 2018 – What is the Odds Ratio for Testicular Cancer after Cryptorchidism?

Testicular Disorders

• October 15, 2018 – What is the Odds Ratio for Testicular Cancer after Cryptorchidism?
• December 12, 2016 – What Are Some Criteria For Varicocele Evaluation?
• August 22, 2016 – What is a Hydrocoele of the Spermatic Cord?
• September 1, 2014 – What Causes Testicular Pain?
• September 8, 2008 – What Other Abnormalities are Associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
• May 15, 2006 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Scrotal Swelling?
• September 19, 2005 – Acute Abdominal Pain Through the Ages. What Causes It?

Tetanus

• August 2, 2021 – Can Rusty Nails Cause Tetanus?
• October 25, 2010 – How Common is Tetanus?

Thalassemia

• March 19, 2012 – What Does Bart’s Hemoglobin on a Neonatal Screening Test Mean?
• December 19, 2005 – Why is the Anemia Not Correcting?

Thoracentesis see Pleural Disorders

Thoracic Injuries see Chest Injuries and Disorders

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Throat Cancer see Head and Neck Cancer

Throat Disorders – and see also Sore Throat

• July 31, 2023 – What Are Treatments for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis?
• May 15, 2023 – What Causes Pulmonary Edema?
• June 7, 2021 – What Are Some Indications for Using Dexamethasone?
• October 7, 2013 – What Organisms Cause Acute Epiglottitis in the Post- H. influenza Vaccination Era?
• May 27, 2013 – What Are the Potential Complications of a Retropharyngeal Abscess?
• December 3, 2012 – What is the Westley Croup Score?
• September 14, 2009 – What Are Some Common Presentations for Inborn Errors of Metabolism?
• September 22, 2008 – What Else Causes Acute Pharyngitis That Isn’t Group A Streptococcus?
• July 5, 2005 – What are the Indications for a Tonsillectomy?

Thrombocytopenia see Platelet Disorders – and see also Bleeding Disorders

Thrombophlebitis see Blood Clots

Thrush see Yeast Infections

Thumb Injuries see Finger Injuries and Disorders – and see also Hand Injuries and Disorders

Thymus Cancer

Thyroid Cancer

• June 7, 2010 – How Do You Evaluate and Treat a Thyroid Nodule?

Thyroid Diseases

• February 13, 2012 – How Long After You Start Levothyroxine Should the Labs Be Checked?
• December 5, 2011 – When Do You Start Children on Lipid Lowering Medications?
• June 7, 2010 – How Do You Evaluate and Treat a Thyroid Nodule?
• September 11, 2006 – How Do I Treat Congenital Hypothyroidism?

Thyrotoxicosis see Hyperthyroidism

TIA see Transient Ischemic Attack

Tic Douleureux see Trigeminal Neuralgia

Tick Bites

• October 14, 2019 – How Common is Lyme Disease Globally and in Urban Settings?
• April 23, 2007 – Can Lyme Disease be Transmitted by Breast Milk?

Tinea Infections

• July 22, 2019 – What Can You Do To Prevent Tinea Infections and Why?
• October 15, 2012 – What Are the Different Types of Tinea?
• September 12, 2005 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Localized Hair Loss?

Tinnitus

• November 21, 2016 – What Can You Do About Tinnitus?

Tiredness see Fatigue

Tissue Donation see Organ Donation

TMJ see Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Tobacco, Smokeless see Smokeless Tobacco

Toe Injuries and Disorders

• February 7, 2022 – What are Treatments for Hallux Valgus
• April 9, 2018 – How Do You Fix A Broken Nail?

Toenails see Nail Diseases

Toilet Training and Bedwetting

• August 31, 2015 – At What Level Does Elevated Glucose Cause Glucosuria?
• February 3, 2014 – When Should a Child Start Toilet Training?
• February 22, 2010 – What Causes Diurnal Enuresis?
• April 4, 2005 – What is the Most Effective Treatment for Primary Nocturnal Enuresis?

Tongue Disorders – and see also Mouth Disorders

• August 29, 2022 – How Common is Tongue-Tie?

Tonsillitis see Tonsils/Tonsillectomy

Tonsils/Tonsillectomy

• July 19, 2021 – When is Post-Operative Bleeding Most Likely to Occur after a Tonsillectomy?
• October 26, 2015 – What is a Tonsillolith?
• July 5, 2005 – What are the Indications for a Tonsillectomy?

Tooth Disorders

• September 19, 2022 – When is Bruxism Bad?
• October 4, 2021 – What Causes Facial Pain?
• August 24, 2020 – How Are Dental Abscesses Treated?
• May 14, 2018 – His Tooth is Funny Looking. What is It?
• May 24, 2010 – What is a Norwood Procedure?
• July 13, 2009 – Why Does He Have Such a Dry Mouth?
• August 6, 2007 – How Often Do Cervical Spine Radiographs Need to Be Obtained for Down Syndrome Patients?
• March 26, 2007 – Fluoride Varnish – What Is It?
• September 5, 2006 – When Will His Teeth Fall Out?
• August 1, 2005 – What are the Physical Status Classifications for a Pre-Anesthesia Evaluation?
• June 29, 2005 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of Abnormally Colored Teeth?

Tooth Whitening see Cosmetic Dentistry

Tornadoes

Torticollis see Dystonia

Tourette Syndrome

• June 23, 2014 – What are the Most Common Motor and Vocal Tics?

Toxemia see Preeclampsia

Toxic Shock Syndrome see Sepsis

Toxoplasmosis

TPN see Nutritional Support

Tracheal Disorders

• March 4, 2019 – What Are the Types of Tracheoesophageal Fistulas?
• January 7, 2019 – What Are The Potential Complications of a Tracheostomy?
• April 15, 2013 – How Do Airway Malacias Present?
• November 26, 2012 – What is Causing These Spells?

Tracheostomy see Critical Care; Tracheal Disorders

Traffic Accidents see Motor Vehicle Safety

Trans Fats see Dietary Fats

Transgender Health see Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Health

Transient Ischemic Attack

Transplantation see Organ Transplantation

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traveler’s Health

• November 27, 2017 – Can I Give Cholera Vaccine?
• August 21, 2017 – At What Height Do You Consider Preventative Treatment for Acute Mountain Sickness?
• March 20, 2017 – Where is the Greatest Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission While Onboard an Airplane?
• June 16, 2014 – What Are Precautions for Someone Traveling to the Middle East About the Risk of MERS?
• April 7, 2014 – What Treatment is Available for Malaria?
• May 30, 2005 – What Vaccines Does an Infant Need to Travel Abroad?

Tremor

• May 11, 2015 – How Common Are Tremors in Childhood?

Tribal Health see Native-American Health

Trichomoniasis

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Triglycerides

• December 5, 2011 – When Do You Start Children on Lipid Lowering Medications?

Triplets see Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births

Tropical Medicine see Traveler’s Health

Tsunamis

Tuberculosis

• April 22, 2013 – What Causes Digital Clubbing?
• November 27, 2006 – How Common are Latent and Active Tuberculosis Cases Identified Among Contacts?

Tuberous Sclerosis

Tularemia see Biodefense and Bioterrorism ; Tick Bites

Tumor see Cancer

Tumors, Benign see Benign Tumors

Turner’s Syndrome

• August 15, 2016 – What Medical Problems Can Patients with Turner Syndrome Have?

Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births

• September 18, 2017 – How Common Are Twins?
• April 30, 2012 – What Are the Different Types of Conjoined Twins?

Type 1 Diabetes see Juvenile Diabetes – and see also Diabetes Type 1

Type 2 Diabetes see Diabetes – and see also Diabetes Type 2

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• March 29, 2021 – What Are Indications for a Ileostomy?
• August 9, 2010 – What Tests Are the Most Helpful As Screening Tests for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Ulcers see Peptic Ulcer

Ultrasound

Ultraviolet Rays see Sun Exposure

Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems

• July 16, 2012 – What Are Some Reasons for Using Orthotic Helmets for Positional Plagiocephaly?
• October 4, 2010 – What Kind of Stretching Exercises are Recommended for Positional Plagiocephaly?

Underage Drinking

• July 23, 2012 – What Are the CRAFFT Questions?

Understanding Medical Research

• July 30, 2007 – What Tests are Available for Celiac Disease?

Underweight see Body Weight

Universal Precautions see Infection Control

Ureteral Cancer see Bladder Cancer

Urethral Cancer see Bladder Cancer

Urinary Bladder Cancer see Bladder Cancer

Urinary Incontinence

• November 15, 2021 – What Are Some Indications for a Vesicostomy?
• August 20, 2007 – How Do You Categorize Bladder Dysfunction?

Urinary Tract Infections

• March 2, 2020 – What Causes Neutropenia?
• January 25, 2016 – At What Age Does the Risk of Infant Listeria Infection Decrease?
• January 14, 2013 – Could Renal Abscess Be a Complication of Pyelonephritis in this Patient?
• September 8, 2008 – What Other Abnormalities are Associated with Prune Belly Syndrome?
• April 9, 2007 – What Are Some of the Complications of Teenage Pregnancy?
• August 29, 2005 – What Causes Gross Hematuria?

Urination see Urine and Urination

Urine and Urination

• June 19, 2017 – What Causes Urinary Hesitancy?
• August 18, 2014 – What Causes Proteinuria?

Urine Tests see Urine and Urination

Urostomy see Ostomy

Urticaria see Hives

Usher Syndrome

• October 23, 2017 – What is Usher Syndrome?

Uterine Cancer

Uterine Diseases

• January 14, 2008 – What is the Treatment for Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding?

Uterine Fibroids

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Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal Diseases – and see also Vaginitis

• February 8, 2021 – What is a Lipschultz Ulcer?
• July 13, 2020 – What Causes Early Pregnancy Vaginal Bleeding?
• April 23, 2012 – What Causes Vaginal Discharge?

Vaginal Infections see Vaginal Diseases

Vaginal Yeast Infection see Vaginal Diseases, Yeast Infections

Vaginismus see Female Sexual Dysfunction

Vaginitis – and see also Vaginal Diseases

• May 24, 2021 – How Common are Co-infections with Trichomonas and Bacterial Vaginosis?

Valvular Heart Diseases see Heart Valve Diseases

Varicella-Zoster Virus see Chickenpox

Varicose Veins

Vascular Diseases

• October 28, 2019 – What Are Indications for Dermatological Light Treatment?
• October 9, 2017 – How Common Is Hereditary Angioedema?
• June 1, 2015 – What is the Epidemiology of SMA Syndrome?

Vascular Headache see Headache ; Migraine

Vasculitis

• February 27, 2023 – What is PAN?
• July 16, 2018 – How Common is Recurrent Kawasaki Disease?
• January 28, 2013 – What is Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy?
• February 16, 2009 – Is it Really Henoch-Schönlein Purpura?
• March 3, 2008 – DRESS Syndrome in the Differential
• April 11, 2005 – Is this Kawasaki Disease?

Vasectomy see Birth Control

vCJD see Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Vegan Diet see Vegetarian Diet

Vegans see Vegetarian Diet

Vegetarian Diet

• September 30, 2019 – What Affects the Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Milk Substitutes?
• September 29, 2014 – What Are the Essential Amino Acids and How Much Protein Do I Need?
• September 2, 2008 – What Types of Foods Should Vegetarians Eat to Maintain Proper Nutrition?

Vehicle Safety see Motor Vehicle Safety

Veins see Varicose Veins; Vascular Diseases

Venereal Disease see Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Ventilators see Critical Care

Venous Thrombosis see Blood Clots; Deep Vein Thrombosis

Vertigo see Dizziness and Vertigo

Veteran’s Health

• December 7, 2015 – What Are Factors that Make Children More Resilient to the Effects of War?

Violence see Child Abuse ; Domestic Violence ; Elder Abuse ; Teen Violence

Viral Hepatitis see Hepatitis

Viral Infections

• December 18, 2023 – When Should We Consider A Rickettsial Disease?
• April 25, 2022 – What is in the Differential Diagnosis for Red, Orange or Yellow Skin Conditions?
• March 9, 2020 – What Are Some Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy?
• October 20, 2014 – Is Enterovirus D68 A New Virus?
• January 6, 2014 – What Are the Complications of Measles?
• March 8, 2010 – What Causes Pharyngitis?
• September 28, 2009 – When Does the Rash of Roseola Occur?
• May 9, 2005 – What is the Differential Diagnosis of an Infectious Rash on the Palms and Soles?

Vision Impairment and Blindness

• September 5, 2022 – What Causes Sudden Vision Loss?
• September 20, 2021 – What Can You Do to Improve Compliance with Eyeglasses or Spectacle Use?
• January 4, 2021 – How Good is Photoscreening For Young Children’s Vision Problems?
• January 28, 2019 – What Are Common Causes of Blindness in Children?
• November 14, 2011 – How Good Are Hearing and Vision Screening Tests in Children?
• December 28, 2009 – What Causes Red Eyes?
• June 22, 2009 – What Causes Photophobia?
• April 13, 2009 – How Common Is Pediatric Ocular Trauma?
• May 29, 2006 – What Causes Color Blindness?

Vitamins