Catalonia formed part of the Visigothic kingdom.� It rose to prominence after Amalric, king of the Visigoths at Toulouse and Narbonne, fled to Barcelona after his defeat by his brother-in-law Childebert King of the Franks at Narbonne in 531.� Amalric's immediate successors abandoned Narbonne completely and established their court at Barcelona, until King Atanagildo moved his capital in Spain to Toledo in [554][1].� It is likely that Visigothic influence persisted in the territory of the original kingdom of Narbonne, approximating to what is now the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France, and that this contributed to the united development of Catalonia on both sides of what is today the French/Spanish border.�

After the Moors entered Spain in [710/11] and defeated the Visigoth regime based in Toledo, their influence quickly spread throughout the Iberian peninsula.� The area around Barcelona provided the Moorish settlers with a base from which raids were launched into France, where the prospects for booty were richer than in Spain, until their defeat at Poitiers by Charles "Martel" in 732.� Muslim domination in the area later known as Catalonia was challenged by the Carolingian Franks.� Pepin "le Bref" King of the Franks captured Narbonne from the Muslims in [758/59].� The armies of his grandson, the future Emperor Louis I, occupied Girona, Urgell and Cerdanya in 785 and besieged Barcelona in 802, establishing the so-called "March of Spain" which later evolved into the Catalonian counties.� The first counts in the March of Spain, appointed by the Carolingian Frankish rulers, are recorded in the early 9th century.�

French Catalonia developed into the marquisate of Gothia or Septimania (see the document TOULOUSE, KINGS, DUKES & COUNTS).� A question which deserves further study is whether the March of Spain and Septimania were both governed as a single territory during the first half of the 9th century.� Emperor Charlemagne�s charter dated 2 Apr 812 addressed to eight counts in the Spanish March (without specifying the names of their counties)[2] suggests that the March of Spain was governed separately, although no indication has been found of the identity of the "marquis" who was placed in overall charge during the early years of the 9th century.� The Histoire G�n�rale de Languedoc states that the duchy of Septimania was founded in [817] by Emperor Louis I, that it included both Septimania north of the Pyrenees and the March of Spain to the south, that Barcelona was its capital, and that Bero (who had been comte de Barcelona) was its first duke[3].� The Histoire also says that Bero�s successors, Bernard, Berenger, Sunifred (Seniofredo), Aledran, Udalric and Hunfrid, all ruled the combined territory which was only separated into its two components in 865[4].� The evidence to support the hypothesis that the two areas were governed jointly appears meagre.� Firstly, no primary source has yet been identified in which Bero is assigned the title marquis or duke.� Secondly, while it is true that Bernard Marquis de Septimania is also referred to as comte de Barcelona, he is recorded as having escaped to Barcelona after his disgrace in 830, which suggests that the territory did not form part of his confiscated marquisate.� Thirdly, in the cases of Seniofredo and Aledran, no primary source has been identified which directly indicates any connection with Septimania.� Lastly, no source has been found which identifies Hunfrid as ruler of the march of Spain.�

The main difficulty in deciding how the Spanish March was governed during the early 9th century is the impossibility of compiling a definitive list of consecutive marquises from the surviving primary sources.� The fact that Emperor Charlemagne addressed his 812 charter to the eight counts individually suggests that they may have received their counties directly from the emperor.� Was the March of Spain then a march without a marquis?� The key may lie in the diverse nature of the different counties which formed the Spanish March as well as the difficult terrain in which many of the counties were located.�

The main counties in Catalonia proper were Barcelona, Berga (Bergued�), Besal�, Cerdanya, Conflent, Emp�ries, Girona, Osona, Roussillon, Urgell and Vallespir, although some of these counties were ruled jointly.� In addition, the neighbouring counties to the west, Aragon, Pallars, Ribagorza and Sobrarbe may have been considered part of the Spanish March during the early years of the March�s existence, although their later development followed a different pattern (see the document ARAGON NOBILITY).� Apart from the coastal counties of Emp�ries, Girona and Barcelona, most of the area is mountainous and presumably communication was extremely difficult in the 9th and 10th centuries.� Given this situation on the ground, the imperial Frankish authorities may have considered it impractical to appoint a single ruler to exercise overall charge in all areas of the March of Spain, relying on the power exercised locally by the strongest counts, and maybe with some loose oversight arrangement from the marquis of Septimania to the north.� If this suggestion is correct, the Spanish March would have been the only example among all the different marches established along the frontier areas of the empire of a march without a centrally appointed single ruler.�

The county of Barcelona is first recorded in the early 820s.� The county became hereditary in the family of Guifr� "el Pil�s" in the latter part of the 9th century, as vassals of the Carolingian kings.� All charters during the 9th and 10th centuries are dated by the reigns of the Frankish kings.� After the succession of the Capetian dynasty in France in 987, it is likely that the comtes de Barcelona failed to swear allegiance to the new Frankish rulers, marking the beginning of the county�s true independence, although the dating clauses of many charters continue to refer to the French kings.� The rulers of Barcelona are titled "comes et marchio" in numerous primary source documents.� The county appears never to have been transformed into a "march" and the title presumably owes its origin to the original March of Spain.� The counts of Barcelona also ruled the county of Girona, to the north-east of Barcelona, from the latter part of the 9th century, as well as the county of Osona, directly north of the county of Barcelona.�

The counts of Barcelona emerged as the most powerful rulers in Catalonia.� However, the power of the other counts in Catalonia strengthened as Barcelona�s central authority weakened after the death of Comte Ramon Borrell in 1017.� The local nobility constructed fortresses from which they exercised autonomous control and created a network of local feudal systems.� Ramon Berenguer I Comte de Barcelona re-imposed the requirement of allegiance to his central authority, although the other nobility was largely unconstrained in the development of their local power under the codification of the feudal system provided by the Usatges, compiled from 1068.� Mainly as a result of a series of judicious marriages with local heiresses, the counts of Barcelona acquired the counties of Besal� (1111), Cerda�a (1117), Roussillon (1172), Pallars inferior (1192), Urgell (1209, confirmed in 1314), Emp�ries (1325), and Pallars superior (15th century).� In addition, the federal Aragonese/Catalan state resulted from the marriage of Ramon Berenguer IV Comte de Barcelona with Petronila, heiress of the kingdom of Aragon, in 1137.�

The family of the counts of Barcelona was studied in detail by Bofarull in 1835[5].� This work quotes numerous primary sources which have not otherwise been found, either in the original Latin or in castellano translation, with full citations of where they were archived at that time.� Many primary sources were collated by Pierre de Marca Archbishop of Paris in his 1688 work Marca Hispanica[6], extracts of which have been incorporated in the present document.�

Two important listings of early 14th century Catalan nobility are included in the Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner (dated to soon after 1328): a list of those present at the coronation of Alfonso IV King of Aragon in 1328, and a list of those who were subsequently made knights by the monarch[7].�

Chapter 1 of this document sets out the references to the counts recorded in the March of Spain during the late 8th and 9th centuries.� As will be seen, it has not been possible to reconstruct the families of most these early counts.� However, some of their names suggest family connections with later counts in other Catalonian counties.� Other counts, isolated references to whose names are found recorded in Catalonia during the 9th century but whose subsequent careers can be traced in other parts of the Frankish empire, are shown in the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY.� Chapter 2 of the present document shows the families of the comtes and vescomtes de Barcelona.� Chapters 3 to 9 sets out the comtes, vescomtes and other notable noble families in the counties of Besal�, Cerdanya, Emp�ries, Girona, Roussillon (Rosell�n), Tarragona and Urgell.� The final chapter 10 sets out some other non-comital noble families in Catalonia: Entenza, Lauria, Montcada, and Vilaragut.�

Chapter 1. MARCH of SPAIN

This section first lists eight different counts, apparently unrelated, who were appointed to unidentified counties in the area of the March of Spain in the late 8th/early 9th centuries.� Little information is known of their family origins, or their descendants apart from the speculative descent of the later comtes de Barcelona from Comte Borrell who is named first below.�

1. BORRELL (-after [809]).� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Burrello comitis" in a passage dealing with events in 798[8].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Isembardum, Hudemarum, Beram, Burellum" as those leading the campaign against Tortosa [in 809][9].� His name suggests a family connection with the later counts of Barcelona.� same person as�?� BORRELL .� It is not certain whether Borrell, father of Seniofredo, was the same person as Borrell who was named in 798 and [809], although the geographical proximity suggests that this co-identity may be correct.� m ---.� The name of Borrell�s wife is not known.� Borrell & his wife had one child:�

a) SENIOFREDO (-killed in battle 849).� Emperor Louis I granted "villam�in pago Narbonensis�Fons-coopertus" to "fideli nostro Sunicfredo" by charter dated 829, which states that "Bosrello patri suo" had previously held the property[10].�

-�� COMTES de BARCELONA.�

2. ZATO [Zaddo] (-after 801).� Muslim ruler of Barcelona.� The Annales Laurissenses Continuatio records that the city of Barcelona was delivered back by "Zatun pr�fectum ipsius" in 797[11].� Einhard names "Zatum Sarracenum" in 797[12].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Zaddo dux Barcinonsis" was persuaded to proceed to Narbonne in 801[13].�

3. AUREOL (-809).� Einhard records the death of "Aureolus comes" who resided "in commartio Hispani� trans Pirineam contra Oscam et C�saraugustam" in 809 and that "Amoroz pr�fectus C�saraugust� atque Osc�" invaded his territory[14].�

4. BERO, son of GUILLAUME Comte de [Toulouse] & his wife --- (-820 or after).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [813] under which "Bera�comes et uxor mea Romella comitissa" submitted the abbey of Alet, naming "genitore meo Guillelmo comite"[15].� Bero is named as son of Guillaume Comte de Toulouse, Marquis of Septimania (the founder of Gellone, see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[16].� However, Bero is not named in Guillaume's 804 charter and no indication has been found that this parentage is correct.� It is more likely that Bero was the son of Guillaume [I] Comte de Toulouse.� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Bera comite" was left in charge of territories conquered from the Saracens [in 801][17].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Isembardum, Hudemarum, Beram, Burellum" as those leading the campaign against Tortosa [in 809][18].� Einhard names "Bero comes" as one of the 15 witnesses of the testament of Emperor Charlemagne dated 811[19].� "Karolus�augustus�imperator Romanum�rex Francorum et Langobardorum" issued a charter dated 2 Apr 812 to the counts in the Spanish march "Berane, Gauscelino, Gisclafredo, Odilone, Ermengario, Ademaro, Laibulfo et Erlino comitibus"[20].� Comte de Barcelona.� "Bera�comes et uxor mea Romella comitissa" submitted the abbey of Alet, which they had founded, to Pope Leo III, by charter dated to [813] which names "genitore meo Guillelmo comite"[21].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Bera comes Barcinonensis" [in 819][22].� Einhard's Annales record a meeting at Aachen in 820 at which "Bera comes Barcinon�" was defeated in horseback combat by those who had accused him of "fraudis et infidelitatis"[23].� The record does not specify whether Bero was killed at the time.� m ROMELLA, daughter of ---.� "Bera�comes et uxor mea Romella comitissa" submitted the abbey of Alet, which they had founded, to Pope Leo III, by charter dated to [813][24].� The fact that Romella�s grandson was named Aureol suggests that she may have been related to the count Aureol whose death is recorded in 809 (see above).� Bero & his wife had four children:�

a) WILLEMUND (-after 827).� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris names "Willemundus Ber� filius" as one of the conspirators with "Aizone" [in 827] when the Saracens recaptured territory[25].� Einhard's Annales record that "filius Berani�Willemundus�iunctique Sarracenis" surrendered to "Helisachar presbiterum et abbatum et�Hildebrandum atque Donatum comites", imperial missi to Spain in 827[26].�

b) ARGILA (-after 30 Jul 844).� "Argila�filius quondam Berani comiti" sold property "in suburbia Elenense in pago Russulionense" to "Berane filio meo" by charter dated 30 Jul 844[27].� m ---.� The name of Argila�s wife is not known.� Argila & his wife had one child:�

i) BERO (-after 24 Feb 846).� "Argila�filius quondam Berani comiti" sold property "in suburbia Elenense in pago Russulionense" to "Berane filio meo" by charter dated 30 Jul 844[28].� "Bera�comes" donated property to Exalade monastery in the county of Conflent by charter dated 24 Feb 846[29].�

c) MILO (-after 865).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Jun 877 under which Emperor Charles II "le Chauve" granted property "res in Gotia" previously held by "Mirone infideli nostro filio Beram" to "Olibam comiti Carcasensi"[30].� �Karolus�rex� granted property �in pago Petr�-Petuz�, villares�Bazinacum, et Palairaco, et Condarias, et Minerbules, seu Cubitano� to �Miloni fideli nostro� by charter dated 24 Dec 842[31].� The Annales Bertiniani record that "de comitibus Milo, Ratharius, Herlandus, Theutmarus, Weremboldus, Rocolfus, comes" witnessed the agreement dated 865 under which Lothaire II King of Lotharingia agreed to take back his wife Teutberga[32].� The circumstances and dating of Milo�s �infidelity�, referred to in the 11 Jun 877 charter quoted above, are not known.�

d) ROTRUD (-after [845]).� �Hotrudis...filia condam Berani comitis et Romil�� sold property �in territorio Elenense villa...Truliars...� to �Auriolo filio meo�, naming �vir meus condam Alaricus comes vel genitor tuus�, by charter 8 Nov �anno V regnante domno nostro Karulo Rege� [assuming to be Charles II �le Chauve� King of the West Franks, therefore dated to 844/45][33].� A charter dated 18 Aug 868 records a judgment by "Salomonis comitis, Eldesindo vicecomite�" relating to donations by "Anna�[et] matre sua Rotrude�avio suo Berane comite" to Exala[34].� m ALARIC, son of --- (-before 844).� Alaric & his wife had two children:�

i) AUREOL (-after [845]).� �Hotrudis...filia condam Berani comitis et Romil�� sold property �in territorio Elenense villa...Truliars...� to �Auriolo filio meo�, naming �vir meus condam Alaricus comes vel genitor tuus�, by charter 8 Nov �anno V regnante domno nostro Karulo Rege� [assuming to be Charles II �le Chauve� King of the West Franks, therefore dated to 844/45][35].�

ii) ANNA (-after 22 Apr 876).� A charter dated 18 Aug 868 records a judgment by "Salomonis comitis, Eldesindo vicecomite�" relating to donations by "Anna�[et] matre sua Rotrude�avio suo Berane comite" to Exala[36].� "Anna�filia condam Alarici vel Rautrudes" donated land "in territorio Russulionense villa�Covengos" to "Radulfo et uxori tue Ridlinde" by charter dated 22 Apr 876[37].� Anna is a name which is untypical of the time.�

5. ODILO, son of --- (-after 2 Apr 812).� "Karolus�augustus�imperator Romanum�rex Francorum et Langobardorum" issued a charter dated 2 Apr 812 to the counts in the Spanish March "Berane, Gauscelino, Gisclafredo, Odilone, Ermengario, Ademaro, Laibulfo et Erlino comitibus"[38].�

1. SALAMON (-killed after 23 Apr 873).� Count in the March of Spain from before 864 to 873.� A charter dated 22 Mar 865, which records a judgment in the court of "Salamon comes in castrum Sancti Stephani" in favour of l'abbaye de la Grasse, recites prior donations by "Sunicfredo comiti�cum uxore Ermesinda"[39].� A charter dated 18 Aug 868 records a judgment by "Salomonis comitis, Eldesindo vicecomite�" relating to donations by "Anna�[et] matre sua Rotrude�avio suo Berane comite" to Exala[40].� A charter dated 23 Apr 873 records a judgment in favour of the abbey of Caunes by "Salamon misso, Irimberta�judices"[41].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records that "Iuffr� Pellos" killed "Don Salam�n�Conte de Barchinona, el qual era frances"[42].�

Chapter 2. BARCELONA

A.�� COMTES de BARCELONA

References to named counts in Barcelona are recorded from 827, although it has not proved possible to establish a chronological list of succession of these counts until the installation of Guifr� [I] "el Pil�s/el Velloso/the Hairy" in 878. �Guifr�s descendants established themselves firmly as rulers of the county of Barcelona.� Guifr�s family extended its influence to the territory of most of the early Catalonian counties.� His father, Seniofredo, conquered Cerdanya and Urgell in the 830s, Guifr�s brother Miro is recorded as comte de Roussillon and also as comte de Besal� i Cerdanya, and Guifr� himself was also recorded as count in Girona and Osona.� The descendants of Guifr� continued to expand their territories, the most important gains being made in the 12th century.� Ramon Berenguer [III] Comte de Barcelona became Comte de Besal� following the death of his son-in-law in 1111, Comte de Provence by right of his third wife in 1113, conquered Mallorca from the Moors 1114-1115 (although he lost it shortly afterwards), and Comte de Cerdanya in 1117.� His son Ramon Berenguer [IV] established the federal state of Aragon/Catalonia when he married the Aragonese heiress Petronila, daughter of Ramiro II King of Aragon.� The descendants of this couple are shown in the document ARAGON KINGS.�

1. BERNARD, son of GUILLAUME Comte de Toulouse, Marquis de Septimanie & his first wife Kunigunde --- ([795]-executed Toulouse Saint-Sernin [Jan/Jun] 844).� Comte d'Autun until 830.� Marquis de Septimanie until 831.� He was installed as Comte de Barcelona in 827 or before: Einhard's Annales name "Bernhardus�Barcinon� comes" in 827[43].� It is not certain whether this means that the "March of Spain" was at that time part of the marquisate of Septimania.� It is possible that Bernard was appointed to Barcelona after the disgrace of Bero in 820, but no primary source has been identified which confirms that this is correct.� The Gesta Francorum records that "Barnhardus comes Barcinonensis" was made camerarius in the palace in 829[44].� Nithard records that Emperor Louis I appointed "Bernard Duke of Septimania" as his chamberlain and entrusted his son Charles to him, but that he "recklessly abused the imperial power�and undermined it entirely" and was banished to Septimania in [Apr 830] by the emperor's sons who rebelled against their father[45].� The Annales Bertiniani record that "pr�fatus Bernardus" fled to Barcelona in 830[46].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Bernhardus" fled into exile in Spain and was deprived of his honours [in 831][47].� The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Werinus et Bernhardus comites" gathered a force in Burgundy and reached "Matronam fluvium" [in 834][48].� The Annales Bertiniani record that "Bernardus comes marc� Hispanic�" was sentenced to death in 844[49].� The Annales Xantenses record that "Bernhardus comes" was killed "a Karolo" in 844, after which "filio Bernhardi" and "Pippinus rex Aquitaini�, filius Pippini" defeated the king's army[50].� The Gesta Francorum records that "Karolus" killed "Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem" in 844 "incautem et nihil ab eo suspicantem"[51].�

1. ADELRAMN [I] [Aleran], son of --- (-[killed in battle 852]).� Missus dominicus in Nursia, Italy in 820.� Comte de Troyes.� "Comitis Aledramni" donated property for the foundation of the abbey of Monti�ramey, recorded in the foundation charter dated 837[52].� It is possible that he was Comte de Barcelona from before 848, as suggested by the Annales Bertiniani which record that "Guilhelmus filius Bernardi" captured "Impurium et Barcinonam" in 848, and captured "Aledramnum et Isembardum comites" in the march of Spain in 850 but was himself captured and killed at Barcelona[53].� The Chronicon Fontanellensis records that "Wilhelmus filius Bernardi Ducis" captured Barcelona and expelled "Aledranno custode illius urbis et limitis Hispanici", dated to [849/50], in a later passage recording that "Wilhelmo invasore urbis Barcinon�" captured "Isembardus filius Warini et Aledrannus" but that Guillaume was later defeated and killed by "factione Aledranni et quorundam Gothorum"[54].� He accompanied Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks at the siege of Toulouse in 849.� He was probably killed in a Muslim raid[55].� "Karolus�rex" named "Odo�comes [et] predecessoris sui Aledramni�comitis ex comitatu Tricasino" in a charter dated 25 Apr 854 or 855 relating to the abbey of Monti�ramey[56].� Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks confirmed a donation of property "quod�Odo�comes�pr�decessoris sui Aledranni quondam�comes�ex comitatu Tricassino" to "mon. Arremarensi", by charter dated 25 Apr 864[57].�

SENIOFREDO, son of BORRELL & his wife --- (-killed in battle 849).� �Sunicfredus� donated property to the church of Urgell by charter dated 819[58].� Emperor Louis I granted "villam�in pago Narbonensis�Fons-coopertus" to "fideli nostro Sunicfredo" by charter dated 829, which states that "Bosrello patri suo" had previously held the property[59].� He established himself as count in the area known as the "March of Spain", south of the Pyrenees.� He apparently led a revolt of the indigenous [Visigothic] population against Bernard de Septimanie (father of Bernard "Plantevelue")[60].� He conquered Cerdanya and Urgell in the 830s, checking the Moorish expansion.� "Suniefredus" donated property to Urgell by charter dated 3 Jan 840[61].� Marquis [of Septimania]: Charles II �le Chauve� King of the West Franks confirmed rights of Spanish settlers in the diocesis of B�ziers, after "Notoni archiepiscopo...et Elmerado...palatii nostri comiti, Suniefrido etiam marchioni et Suniario comiti" reported on the question, by charter dated 19 May 844[62].� It is supposed that Seniofredo�s marquisate was Septimania, but this cannot be confirmed beyond doubt.� There is no indication of the date of his appointment.� He was killed in a counter-attack by Guillaume, son of Bernard de Septimanie, in 849.�

m ERMESENDE, daughter of ---(-after 1 Dec 885).� A charter dated 22 Mar 865 which records a judgment in the court of "Salamon comes in castrum Sancti Stephani" in favour of the abbey of Lagrasse recites prior donations by "Sunicfredo comiti�cum uxore Ermesinda"[63].� "Ermessinda comitissa et Rodulfo comite et Mirone comite et Quixilo comitissa" made donations by charter dated 1 Dec 885[64], which is assumed to refer to Ermesende, widow of Sunifred, two of her children, and the wife of the second son, although this is not without doubt.�

Comte Seniofredo & his wife had [eight] children:�

1. GUIFR� [Guifred/Wifredus] [I] "el Pil�s/el Velloso/the Hairy" (-killed in battle near Santa Mar�a del Puch [21 Aug 897/31 Dec 898], probably 11 Aug 898, bur Santa Mar�a de Ripoll monastery).� "Sesenanda, Sunicfredus, Wifredus comes, Radulfus comes, Miro comes" donated property for the souls of "Sunicfredi genitoris nostri vel domn� Ermesinde genititricis nostr�" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated Apr or May [878][65].� He was confirmed by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks as Comte de Urgell, Cerdanya i Conflent in 870, and as Comte de Barcelona i Girona in 878.��

�� -�� COMTES de BARCELONA.�

2. RODOLF (-[920]).� "Sesenanda, Sunicfredus, Wifredus comes, Radulfus comes, Miro comes" donated property for the souls of "Sunicfredi genitoris nostri vel domn� Ermesinde genititricis nostr�" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated Apr or May [878][66].� Rodolf�s county has not been identified with certainty.� "Ermessinda comitissa et Rodulfo comite et Mirone comite et Quixilo comitissa" made donations by charter dated 1 Dec 885[67], which is assumed to refer to Ermesende, widow of Sunifred, two of her children, and the wife of the second son, although this is not without doubt.� m REDLINDA, daughter of ---.� "Radulfo comiti et uxore sue Ralindis" donated property in "comitatu Rosolionense" to the abbey of Lagrasse, reserving the usufruct to "filium meum Olibana", by charter dated to 898 or 903[68].� "Ridlindis et filius meus Oliba" confirmed the earlier donation to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 24 Jun 915 or 920 which names "genitoris meo Rodulpho condam" (referring to Oliba)[69].� Rodolf & his wife had one child:�

a) OLIBA (-after [24 Jun 915/920]).� "Radulfo comiti et uxore sue Ralindis" donated property in "comitatu Rosolionense" to the abbey of Lagrasse, reserving the usufruct to "filium meum Olibana", by charter dated to 898 or 903[70].� "Ridlindis et filius meus Oliba" confirmed the earlier donation to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 24 Jun 915 or 920 which names "genitoris meo Rodulpho condam" (referring to Oliba)[71].�

3. MIR� (-after 892, maybe after 18 Feb 899).� "Sesenanda, Sunicfredus, Wifredus comes, Radulfus comes, Miro comes" donated property for the souls of "Sunicfredi genitoris nostri vel domn� Ermesinde genititricis nostr�" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated Apr or May [878][72].� His older brother associated him as Comte de Roussillon [Rosell�n] et de Conflent.� A charter dated 23 Sep 873 records the foundation of the church of Notre-Dame de Formiguera by "comitibus�Vuifredo et fratre eius Mirone et comitibus Olibano et fratre eius Ayfredo"[73].� "Ermessinda comitissa et Rodulfo comite et Mirone comite et Quixilo comitissa" made donations by charter dated 1 Dec 885[74], which is assumed to refer to Ermesende, widow of Sunifred, two of her children, and the wife of the second son, although this is not without doubt.� Comte de Besal� e Cerdanya.� "El conde de Besal� y Cerda�a Mir�n y el obispo de Urgell Riculfo", in their capacity as "albaceas [executors] de su hermano Seniofredo", donated "villa�in comitatu Cerdaniense, villa Etorras" to "Radulfo" by charter dated 892[75].� [A charter dated 18 Feb 899 confirms the possessions of "domna Hemmone habbatissa" in "comitatu Cerdaniensis in valle Petrariense in villa�Stegale", in the presence of "Mirone comite et judices Recosindo Bladino", the document specifying the exclusion of "ipsa hereditatem de Domna Windilde cometissa condam�in villa�Provenca�qui sunt de Recosindo"[76].� It is unclear whether "Mirone comite" in this document was the son of Seniofredo, or his nephew the son of Guifr� [I].]�

-�� ROUSSILLON.� ��

4. SESENANDA .� "Sesenanda, Sunicfredus, Wifredus comes, Radulfus comes, Miro comes" donated property for the souls of "Sunicfredi genitoris nostri vel domn� Ermesinde genititricis nostr�" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated Apr or May [878][77].� It is suggested that the names "Sesenanda, Sunicfredus�" are placed first in the list of children because they held ecclesiastical office.� This is certainly the case with the son Seniofredo (see below) and no other explanation is forthcoming for the presence of the daughter Sesenanda at the head of the list.�

5. SENIOFREDO (-before 26 Jun 885).� "Wifredus�comes et marchio et Winiedildes cometissa" donated "Castru Mochoronio cum ecclesias Sancta Maria et Sanctum Petrum et Sanctum Stephanum" to the monastery of "Sancti Johannis Babtiste�in comitatu Ausona in Valle Riopullo juxta flumen Tezer" [San Juan de las Abadesas], when "filiam nostram Emmone" became abbess, by charter dated 27 Jun 875, which names "fratre meo�Seniefredo clerico"[78].� "Sesenanda, Sunicfredus, Wifredus comes, Radulfus comes, Miro comes" donated property for the souls of "Sunicfredi genitoris nostri vel domn� Ermesinde genititricis nostr�" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated Apr or May [878][79].� Abbot at Arles.� �Wifredo...comes et marchio et Winedildis commetissa� donated �castro Mochoronio...et in valle Riopullo villare...Sendare...in valle Martini...qui mihi advenit...de fratri meo Soniefredo� to San Juan Bautista de Osona by charter dated 26 Jun 885[80].� "El conde de Besal� y Cerda�a Mir�n y el obispo de Urgell Riculfo", in their capacity as "albaceas [executors] de su hermano Seniofredo", donated "villa�in comitatu Cerdaniense, villa Etorras" to "Radulfo" by charter dated 892[81].� A charter dated 5 Aug 899 records the donation of the church of San Mart�n "in valle Congusto" by "Suniefredus commes avunculus meus condam", and its consecration by "Emmo abbatissa"[82].�

6. ERMESINDE (-[898]).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�

7. RICULF (-916).� "El conde de Besal� y Cerda�a Mir�n y el obispo de Urgell Riculfo", in their capacity as "albaceas [executors] de su hermano Seniofredo", donated "villa�in comitatu Cerdaniense, villa Etorras" to "Radulfo" by charter dated 892[83].� Bishop of Elna 885/90-916.

GUIFR� [Guifred/Wifredus] [I] "el Pil�s/el Velloso/the Hairy" de Barcelona, son of SENIOFREDO Count in the March of Spain & his wife Ermesende --- (-killed in battle near Santa Mar�a del Puch [21 Aug 897/31 Dec 898], probably 11 Aug 898, bur Santa Mar�a de Ripoll monastery).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guiffredus�cum filio suo Guiffredo qui cognomento est Pilosus"[84].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "Guiffr� que fue de la villa Darri�, sitiada en la tierra de Conflent cerca el r�o de Ter" when recording that he received "del Rey de Francia, el Condado de Barschinona", as well as "su fillo�Guiffr� Pelloso" (stating that the latter was so-called "porque pellos hau�a en lugars do homs nondan acostupnado de hauer")[85], although the Cr�nica is very confused in its narrative about the early rulers of Barcelona.� No other source has so far been found which identifies two separate counts named Guifr�, father and son.� He was confirmed by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks as Comte de Urgell, Cerdanya and Conflent in 870, and as Comte de Barcelona and Girona in 878.� A charter dated 23 Sep 873 records the foundation of the church of Notre-Dame de Formiguera by "comitibus�Vuifredo et fratre eius Mirone et comitibus Olibano et fratre eius Ayfredo"[86].� "Wifredus�comes et marchio et Winiedildes cometissa" donated "Castru Mochoronio cum ecclesias Sancta Maria et Sanctum Petrum et Sanctum Stephanum" to the monastery of "Sancti Johannis Babtiste�in comitatu Ausona in Valle Riopullo juxta flumen Tezer" [San Juan de las Abadesas], when "filiam nostram Emmone" became abbess, by charter dated 27 Jun 875, which names "fratre meo�Seniefredo clerico"[87].� �Wifredo...comes et marchio et Winedildis commetissa� donated �castro Mochoronio...et in valle Riopullo villare...Sendare...in valle Martini...qui mihi advenit...de fratri meo Soniefredo� to San Juan Bautista de Osona, and �Winedildes commetissa� donated �in comitatu Impuritano villa...Chabannas de comparacionem de patre meo...Sonifredo�, by charter dated 26 Jun 885[88].� He encouraged colonisation in the unsettled frontier areas of Urgell and Cerdanya along the valley of the River Lord.� He restored the Bishopric of Vic in 887.� The death in 888 of Emperor Karl III marked a decline in Carolingian power and a trend towards independence of the Catalan counties.� This was helped by their geographical remoteness from the central Frankish authority, their own relative stability and the direct relations which they had established with the Papacy[89].� A charter dated 20 Apr 888 records that �Wifredus comes et Widinilles comitissa� dedicated Ripoll Santa Maria and donated �in alaudo...in comitatu Cerdania...villa...Loci...[que] nobis advenit ex comparatione de partibus Sesenando�[90].� �Guifredus comes...et Winildis comitissa� donated property to Ripoll Santa Maria when �filium suum...Rodulfo� entered the monastery by charter dated 20 Apr 888[91].� �Wifredus...comes...et Widinildis comitissa� dedicated Ripoll Sant Pere by charter dated 25 Jun 890[92].� �Wifredus...comes et marchio et uxor mea Guinezelles� donated property �in villa Exaduce� to Ripoll Santa Maria by charter dated 31 Jul 890, subscribed by �...Willermus vicecomes�[93].� A charter dated 21 Aug 897 names Wifredo and his wife Winidilda[94].� Guifr� was killed resisting a Moorish incursion which reached Barcelona.� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records that "Guiffr�" (meaning Guifr� the father, see above) was killed "cerca de la villa de Senyora Sancta Maria del Puch"[95].� A necrology of Ripoll Sant Joan monastery records the death "III Id Aug" of the founder of the monastery (who was Guifr�) and his burial there[96].� On his death, his territories were divided between his sons.�

m (before 27 Jun 875) GUINIDILDA, daughter of SENIOFREDO & his wife --- (-[21 Aug 897/18 Feb 900]).� Wifredo "el Velloso" and his wife Winidilda donated property to Ripoll Sant Joan monastery by charter dated 27 Jun 875 which names "fratre meo�Seniofredo"[97].� Her parentage is confirmed by charters dated 875, 877 and 878 under which "Winidildes commitissa" donated property "in comitato Impuritano in villa�Kabannas omnem portionem mihi�de comparatione de cuondam patrem meum�Seniofredo" to Ripoll Sant Joan monastery[98].� The name of her father "Seniofredo" suggests that Guinidilda may have been a close relative of her husband, whose father had the same name.� [According to Weir[99], she was Gunhild, daughter of Baudouin I Count of Flanders.� It is assumed that this is based on the Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium which records that Charles II "le Chauve" King of the Franks gave a daughter of the Count of Flanders in marriage to "Pilosi" at the same time as granting him the county of Barcelona[100], although this source is unreliable in points of detail concerning the family of the early counts of Barcelona.� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a also records that "Iuffr� Pellos" married "una filla del..Conte de Flandres"[101].� Considering that the early counts of Flanders were in 877 still in the process of consolidating their newly founded county, it is not clear what contact they would have had with a count whose territory was so distant from their own sphere of activity, or the advantages they would have seen in such a dynastic marriage.� The only known point in common between the two counts appears to have been King Charles II "le Chauve" who was suzerain of both.� Gunhild is not shown among the children of Count Baudouin in R�sch[102].� In any event, this supposed Flemish origin is disproved by the charters quoted above.]� "Wifredus�comes et marchio et Winiedildes cometissa" donated "Castru Mochoronio cum ecclesias Sancta Maria et Sanctum Petrum et Sanctum Stephanum" to the monastery of "Sancti Johannis Babtiste�in comitatu Ausona in Valle Riopullo juxta flumen Tezer" [San Juan de las Abadesas], when "filiam nostram Emmone" became abbess, by charter dated 27 Jun 875, which names "fratre meo�Seniefredo clerico"[103].� �Wifredo...comes et marchio et Winedildis commetissa� donated �castro Mochoronio...et in valle Riopullo villare...Sendare...in valle Martini...qui mihi advenit...de fratri meo Soniefredo� to San Juan Bautista de Osona, and �Winedildes commetissa� donated �in comitatu Impuritano villa...Chabannas de comparacionem de patre meo...Sonifredo�, by charter dated 26 Jun 885[104].� A charter dated 20 Apr 888 records that �Wifredus comes et Widinilles comitissa� dedicated Ripoll Santa Maria and donated �in alaudo...in comitatu Cerdania...villa...Loci...[que] nobis advenit ex comparatione de partibus Sesenando�[105].� �Guifredus comes...et Winildis comitissa� donated property to Ripoll Santa Maria when �filium suum...Rodulfo� entered the monastery by charter dated 20 Apr 888[106].� �Wifredus...comes...et Widinildis comitissa� dedicated Ripoll Sant Pere by charter dated 25 Jun 890[107].� �Wifredus...comes et marchio et uxor mea Guinezelles� donated property �in villa Exaduce� to Ripoll Santa Maria by charter dated 31 Jul 890, subscribed by �...Willermus vicecomes�[108].� A charter dated 21 Aug 897 names Wifredo and his wife Winidilda[109].� She died before 18 Feb 899, the date of a charter which confirmed the possessions of "domna Hemmone habbatissa" in "comitatu Cerdaniensis in valle Petrariense in villa�Stegale", in the presence of "Mirone comite et judices�", the document specifying the exclusion of "ipsa hereditatem de Domna Windilde cometissa condam�in villa�Provenca�qui sunt de Recosindo"[110].�

Guifr� [I] & his wife had [ten] children:�

1. EMMA [Emmone] (-942).� "Wifredus�comes et marchio et Winiedildes cometissa" donated "Castru Mochoronio cum ecclesias Sancta Maria et Sanctum Petrum et Sanctum Stephanum" to the monastery of "Sancti Johannis Babtiste�in comitatu Ausona in Valle Riopullo juxta flumen Tezer" [San Juan de las Abadesas], when "filiam nostram Emmone" became abbess, by charter dated 27 Jun 875, which names "fratre meo�Seniefredo clerico"[111].� Abbess of Ripoll Sant Joan.� A charter dated 18 Feb 899 confirmed the possessions of "domna Hemmone habbatissa" in "comitatu Cerdaniensis in valle Petrariense in villa�Stegale", in the presence of "Mirone comite et judices�", the document specifying the exclusion of "ipsa hereditatem de Domna Windilde cometissa condam�in villa�Provenca�qui sunt de Recosindo"[112].� A charter dated 5 Aug 899 records the donation of the church of San Mart�n "in valle Congusto" by "Suniefredus commes avunculus meus condam", and its consecration by "Emmo abbatissa"[113].� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun 921, names "sorore mea Hemmoni abbatissa�sorore mea Ermesinda�"[114].�

2. RODOLFO (-940).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Radulfum, Guiffredum, Mironem et Suniarium" as the four sons of "Guiffredus Pilosus comes" & his wife, specifying that Rodolfo was "monachus Rivipolli et episcopus Urgellensis"[115].� �Guifredus comes...et Winildis comitissa� donated property to Ripoll Santa Maria when �filium suum...Rodulfo� entered the monastery by charter dated 20 Apr 888[116].� Bishop of Urgell, Abbot of Ripoll.� "Bonemirus et uxor mea Ermesinda" sold property to "Radulfo presbitero filio Wifredo comite" by charter dated 29 Aug 908[117].� [�Anastasius presbiter� sold property �in comitatum Ausona in fines de kastro Lucano in locum...Torecella Bradilane� to �Rodulfo filio Wifredo comite� by charter dated 30 May 911[118].� A charter dated 16 Feb 913 records the sale of lands in �Armancias� to �Radulfo hijo del conde Wifredo�[119].� If these two charters apply to Rodolfo, son of Guifr� [I], it is surprising that he is not referred to as bishop.� Another possibility is that the documents refer to an otherwise unrecorded son of Guifr� [II].] m ---.� The name of Rodolfo's wife is not known.� Rodolfo & his wife had two children:�

a) OLIBA (-947).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 936 under which Bishop Rodolfo "y su hijo Oliva" sold the "alodio de Palau" to "conde Sunyer"[120].� �Suniarius comes et marchio� donated property �in comitatu Ausona in apendicio de castro Veltregano in loco...Palacio�, which �advenit mihi...ex comparacione...de fratri meo Radulfo qui fuit quondam vel de filio eius Oliba�, to Santa Maria de Ripoll, for the sins of �filio meo Ermengaudo defuncto�, by charter dated 6 Sep 943[121].� The executors of Oliva donated property "Salellas�todo lo que ten�a all� el difunto de su padre el Obispo Rodulfo" to Santa Maria de Ripoll monastery by charter dated 948[122].� m EILO, daughter of --- (-after 955).� "Elo comitissa cum filia sua�Enchilia" donated property "in comitatu Ausona�castrum Lacesse", inherited from "pater suus Oliba condam et ei advenit per paterem suum Radulfo episcopo", to Ripoll Sant Joan, when her daughter entered the monastery, by charter dated 26 Sep 955[123].� Oliba & his wife had one child:�

i) ENCHILIA (-after 26 Sep 955).� "Elo comitissa cum filia sua�Enchilia" donated property "in comitatu Ausona�castrum Lacesse", inherited from "pater suus Oliba condam et ei advenit per paterem suum Radulfo episcopo", to Ripoll Sant Joan, when her daughter entered the monastery, by charter dated 26 Sep 955[124].� Nun at Ripoll Sant Joan.�

b) SUNIFRED (-before 29 Jul 924).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 29 Jul 924 under which Bishop Rodolfo donated property to Ripoll Sant Joan monastery for the soul of "su hijo Seniofredo"[125].�

3. GUIFR� [II] BORRELL (-murdered 911, bur Ripoll Monastery).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Radulfum, Guiffredum, Mironem et Suniarium" as the four sons of "Guiffredus Pilosus comes" & his wife, specifying that Guifr� was killed by poison "sine filio" and was buried "in monasterio Rivipolli"[126].� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Nov 934 under which �Suniarius�comes et Marchio� donated property to the church of Girona, for the souls of �patri meo Wifredi quondam, vel fratri meo Wifredi quondam��[127].� He succeeded his father in 897 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona i Osona, with nominal superiority over his brothers.� He did homage to Charles II �le Simple� King of the Franks in 899[128].� "Wifredo�comite et marchione filii qd. Guidfredi marchione beate memorie" donated property "in castro Cervilione territorio Barch�ultra fluvium Lubricatum" to the monastery of Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 12 Apr 904[129].� "Gotus et uxori mea Columba�" sold properties "in territorio de Puritano in terminio de Pinus" to "Wifredus commes et uxori sue Garesindes" by charter dated 20 Jul 905[130].� A charter dated 18 Nov 908 records the sale of "villa de Palacio" to "domno Wifredo comite hac marchio que vocant Borrello et uxori tue Gersinda"[131].� "Wifredus chomes et marchio" donated property "in comitatu Ausona" by charter dated 23 Dec 909[132].� �Idelxerus episcopus, Garsendis comitissa, Suniarius comes et marchio, Ermemirus vicecomes�, as executors of �Wifredo comite quondam filius fuit de Wifredo comite quondam�, executed the testament of the deceased by charter dated 1 Dec 911[133].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 912 of �Wifredi comitis bon� memori�, ciujus pater quiescit in cenobio S. Mari� Rivipull�[134].� m (before 28 Nov 898) GARSINDE, daughter of --- (-[after 13 May 962]).� Wifredo "y su esposa la condesa Garsenda" bought property by charter dated 28 Nov 898[135].� The origin of Garsinde is unknown.� Szabolcs de Vajay[136] suggested, for onomastic reasons only, that she may have been Garsinde [de Toulouse, daughter of Odon [Eudes] Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende d'Albi].� However, Garsinde/Gersende was such a common name at the time in southern France that this must be only one of numerous possibilities.� "Gotus et uxori mea Columba�" sold properties "in territorio de Puritano in terminio de Pinus" to "Wifredus commes et uxori sue Garesindes" by charter dated 20 Jul 905[137].� A charter dated 18 Nov 908 records the sale of "villa de Palacio" to "domno Wifredo comite hac marchio que vocant Borrello et uxori tue Gersinda"[138].� �Idelxerus episcopus, Garsendis comitissa, Suniarius comes et marchio, Ermemirus vicecomes�, as executors of �Wifredo comite quondam filius fuit de Wifredo comite quondam�, executed the testament of the deceased by charter dated 1 Dec 911[139].� �Garsinde comitissa Suniarius comes et Ermemirus vicecomes�, as executors of �condam Guifredi comiti...Borelo�, donated �in comitatu Ausona in terminis de Felgeirolas et de villa Oligo� to Sant Joan de Ripoll by charter dated 9 Sep 916[140].� "Garsindis comitissa" sold property to Vic by charter dated 17 Apr 926 which names "viro meo Vuifredo qui vocabulum fuit Borrello"[141].� A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa�de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa�"[142], which, if it refers to Riquilda�s mother, indicates that she must have lived to extreme old age.� Guifr� [II] & his wife had [two] children:�

a) [RODOLFO (-after 16 Feb 913).� �Anastasius presbiter� sold property �in comitatum Ausona in fines de kastro Lucano in locum...Torecella Bradilane� to �Rodulfo filio Wifredo comite� by charter dated 30 May 911[143].� A charter dated 16 Feb 913 records the sale of lands in �Armancias� to �Radulfo hijo del conde Wifredo�[144].� If these two charters apply to Rodolfo, son of Guifr� [I], it is surprising that he is not referred to as bishop.� Another possibility is that the documents refer to an otherwise unrecorded son of Guifr� [II].]�

b) RIQUILDA (-before 13 May 962).� "Oddo�vicecomes�cum uxore mea�Richelde" donated property inherited from "mei genitoris�Franconis et me� genitricis�Ersindis", with the consent of "domni Agonis archiepiscopi et Poncii comitis" and for the soul of "senioris mei Poncii comitis", by charter dated 17 Dec 924, signed by "Poncii comitis et marchionis�"[145].� "Vulveradus vicecomes�Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa�" signed the charter dated 28 Sep 926 under which "Teudericus et uxor mea�Sposia" donated property to Narbonne cathedral[146].� �Richildes vicecomitissa filia Borelli comitis et filia Garsindis comitissa� sold property �in comitatu Rusulionense� to �Alarico� by charter dated 19 Oct 936, subscribed by �Mathfredus, Franco...�[147].� A charter dated 1 May 955 records a hearing at Narbonne before "Richildem vicecomitissam"[148].� A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa�de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz" and names "Borrello comite consanguineo suo�Odoni viri sui"[149].� m (before 17 Dec 924) ODON Vicomte de Narbonne, son of FRANCON Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife --- (-before 19 Oct 936).�

4. SUNYER [I] (-15 Oct 954).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Radulfum, Guiffredum, Mironem et Suniarium" as the four sons of "Guiffredus Pilosus comes" & his wife, specifying that Sunyer succeeded his father "in comitatu Urgelli et fuit primus comes Urgelli"[150].� He succeeded his father jointly with his brother in 897 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona i Osona, and his brother in 911 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona i Osona.� He succeeded his brother Sunifredo in 948 as Comte de Urgell.�

-�� see below.�

5. MIR� [II] "el Joven" (-Oct 927).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Radulfum, Guiffredum, Mironem et Suniarium" as the four sons of "Guiffredus Pilosus comes" & his wife, succeeding his father in Barcelona[151].� He succeeded as Comte de Cerdanya, Conflent i Berga.�

-�� COMTES de CERDANYA, COMTES de BESAL�.

6. SENIOFREDO [I] (-948).� "Suniefredus comes" donated property to the monastery of San Pablo del Campo de Barcelona, for the souls of "genitore meo Wifredo comite et genitrice mea�Winedelde", by charter dated 11 Aug 939[152]. He succeeded his father in 897 as Comte de Urgell.� "Suniefredus comes de Urgel et uxor mea Adalezi" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria de Urgel by charter dated 12 Jul 936[153]. m ADELAIDA, daughter of ---.� "Suniefredus comes de Urgel et uxor mea Adalezi" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria de Urgel by charter dated 12 Jul 936[154].� Bofarull suggests that Adelaida was her husband�s niece, daughter of his brother Sunyer [I] Comte de Barcelona[155].� The latter�s daughter is named "Adalaiz comitissa que vocant Bona filia, filiam Suniarium comitem et Richildis chomitissam" in the charter dated 24 Jun [951] which records her donation to Ripoll Sant Joan[156], the title "comitissa" indicating that she was married to, or was widow of, a "comes" at the date of the document.� However, Bofarull�s hypothesis appears to be based on nothing more than the fact that the two individuals bore the same name (which was not an uncommon one at the time), although it is correct that no "Adalaiz comitissa" has been identified at the time except for the wife of Seniofredo [I].� Seniofredo & his wife had one child:�

a) BORRELL de Urgell (-after 12 Jul 936).� A record of the possessions of Santa Maria de Ripoll, undated but dated to the 10th century, names "Miro comis Cerdaniensis, Soniarius comis Barchinonensis vel Ausonensis�Borrellus filius Suniefredo comis Urgillitanensis�et domna Emma abbatissa" donated property to the monastery of Santa Maria de Urgel by charter dated 12 Jul 936[157]. �He presumably died before his father.�

7. ERMESINDA (-after 13 Jun 921).� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun 921, names "sorore mea Hemmoni abbatissa�sorore mea Ermesinda�"[158].�

8. CIXILONA (-22 Feb 945, bur Chapel of Torres de la Garriga).� An inscription in the chapel of "la casa Torres de la Garriga, del partido de Granollers" records the death "VIII Kal Mar" in 945 of "Chixiloni Deo dicata, filia Wifredi comitis" and her burial in the chapel[159].� Nun.� The executors of "Chixilone Deo dicata" to Santa Maria de Ripoll monastery by charter dated 29 May 945[160].�

9. RIQUILDA (-before 25 Mar 925).� �Suniarius...comes et marchio et uxor mea Richildes� donated property to Sant Salvador de Ripoll, for the souls of �genitorum meorum condam Wifredi comiti et Widinildi simulque et fratre me condam Wifredi comiti atque sorori mee condam Richildi�, by charter dated 25 Mar 925[161].�

10. [GUINIDILDA .� The name and origin of the wife of Raymond II Comte de Toulouse are not known.� "Vulveradus vicecomes�Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa�" signed the charter dated 28 Sep 926 under which "Teudericus et uxor mea�Sposia" donated property to Narbonne cathedral[162].� As Narbonne was under the suzerainty of the comtes de Toulouse, it is possible that "Widinildis comitissa" was the legal representative of the county at the time, widow of the former comte and acting in the capacity of guardian for her minor son.� She is shown as the possible daughter of Guifre [I] Comte de Barcelona in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[163].� As Guinidilda was also the name of the wife of Comte Guifr� [I], a connection seems likely, although it is also possible that "Vuidinildis comitissa" belonged to the same family as Guinidilda senior.]�� [m RAYMOND II Comte de Toulouse, son of ODON [Eudes] Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende d'Albi (-[923/924]).]�

SUNYER [I] de Barcelona, son of GUIFR� [I] "el Velloso/el Pil�s/the Hairy" Comte de Barcelona & his wife Guinidilda --- (-15 Oct 954, bur Ripoll Monastery).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Radulfum, Guiffredum, Mironem et Suniarium" as the four sons of "Guiffredus Pilosus comes" & his wife, specifying that Sunyer succeeded his father "in comitatu Urgelli et fuit primus comes Urgelli"[164].� He succeeded his father jointly with his brother in 897 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona i Osona, and his brother in 911 as sole Comte de Barcelona, Girona i Osona.� �Idelxerus episcopus, Garsendis comitissa, Suniarius comes et marchio, Ermemirus vicecomes�, as executors of �Wifredo comite quondam filius fuit de Wifredo comite quondam�, executed the testament of the deceased by charter dated 1 Dec 911[165].� A charter dated 16 May 914 records the allegiance of the inhabitants of San Juan, Ogasa, Surroca and Caballera del valle de Ripoll to the abbess of Ripoll Sant Joan, in the presence of "Mirone et Suniario comites et marchiones, Ermemiro et Unifredo vicecomites"[166].� �Garsinde comitissa Suniarius comes et Ermemirus vicecomes�, as executors of �condam Guifredi comiti...Borelo�, donated �in comitatu Ausona in terminis de Felgeirolas et de villa Oligo� to Sant Joan de Ripoll by charter dated 9 Sep 916[167].� �Suniarius...comes et marchio et uxor mea Richildes� donated property to Sant Salvador de Ripoll, for the souls of �genitorum meorum condam Wifredi comiti et Widinildi simulque et fratre me condam Wifredi comiti atque sorori mee condam Richildi�, by charter dated 25 Mar 925[168].� �Suniarius�comes et Marchio� donated property to the church of Girona, for the souls of �patri meo Wifredi quondam, vel fratri meo Wifredi quondam�vel filio meo Borrello�, by charter dated 23 Nov 934[169].� Faced with Muslim attacks along the coast at Maresme and Empord�, comte Sunyer launched a counter-attack in 936 which was halted by Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ilyas who led the siege of Zaragoza[170].� �Dompnus comes Suniarius et marchioni...vel eius...prolis dompnus Ermengaudus Ausonensis comes� dedicated the church of Santa Maria de Moi� by charter dated 23 Aug 939[171].� Caliph Abd Al-Rahman III made peace with comte Sunyer in 940.� �Suniarius comes et marchio� donated property �in comitatu Ausona in apendicio de castro Veltregano in loco...Palacio�, which �advenit mihi...ex comparacione...de fratri meo Radulfo qui fuit quondam vel de filio eius Oliba�, to Santa Maria de Ripoll, for the sins of �filio meo Ermengaudo defuncto�, by charter dated 6 Sep 943[172].� �Soniarius comes ac marchio et uxor mea Richildis comitissa� donated donated property �in comitatu Gerundensi in appendicio sancti Martini in villare...Rivofredo� to the church of Girona, for the souls of �fratris mei quondam Borelli et filii mei quondam Ermengodi�, by charter dated 16 May 944, subscribed by �Audegarius vicecomes...�[173].� �Suniarius comes ac marchius et uxor mea Richildes comitissa� donated donated property to the church of Barcelona, for the souls of �patri meo condam qui fuit Guifredi comitis et matri mea condam qui fuit Guidinillis comitissa et fratri meo qui fuit condam Borrello comites...et proles meos condam Ermengadus et Borrellus�, by charter dated 16 May 944[174].� "Suniarius comes et marchio" donated property "in comitatu Gerundensis in locum�villa Felgars" to Saint-Pierre de Rosas by charter dated 25 Jun 945[175].� "Suniarius comes et coniux mea Rechellis comitissa" donated property to the monastery of Santa Cecilia de Montserrat by charter dated 31 Jul 945[176].� He succeeded his brother Seniofredo in 948 as Comte de Urgell.� "Soniarius comes" donated property to the monastery of Grasse by charter dated 30 Jun 953, witnessed by "Isarni comitis�"[177].� The martirilogio of Vic records the death "Id Oct" of "Suniarius"[178].� The year of his death is narrowed to 954 given the charter dated 19 Feb 955 under which his son Comte Borrell granted property, acquired from "su difunto padre el conde Suniario", to his cousin Mir�[179].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium the death in 950 of "Sunyer" and his burial "in monasterio Rivipolli"[180].�

m (917 or before) RICHILDE, daughter of --- (-after 954).� Bofarull states that she is named as wife of Sunyer in 917 in a donation to the monastery of San Cucuf�te del Vall�s by "los hermanos Ermenardo y Udalardo" but does not cite the precise reference[181].� �Suniarius...comes et marchio et uxor mea Richildes� donated property to Sant Salvador de Ripoll, for the souls of �genitorum meorum condam Wifredi comiti et Widinildi simulque et fratre me condam Wifredi comiti atque sorori mee condam Richildi�, by charter dated 25 Mar 925[182].� �Soniarius comes ac marchio et uxor mea Richildis comitissa� donated donated property �in comitatu Gerundensi in appendicio sancti Martini in villare...Rivofredo� to the church of Girona, for the souls of �fratris mei quondam Borelli et filii mei quondam Ermengodi�, by charter dated 16 May 944, subscribed by �Audegarius vicecomes...�[183].� �Suniarius comes ac marchius et uxor mea Richildes comitissa� donated donated property to the church of Barcelona, for the souls of �patri meo condam qui fuit Guifredi comitis et matri mea condam qui fuit Guidinillis comitissa et fratri meo qui fuit condam Borrello comites...et proles meos condam Ermengadus et Borrellus�, by charter dated 16 May 944[184].� "Suniarius comes et coniux mea Rechellis comitissa" donated property to the monastery of Santa Cecilia de Montserrat by charter dated 31 Jul 945[185].� "Ricildis comitissa" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse by charter dated 954 before 31 Aug subscribed by "Miro comes, Borellus comes"[186], the subscribers assumed to be her sons.� Szabolcs de Vajay suggests[187] that she was Richilde de Rouergue, daughter of Ermengaud de Toulouse Comte de Rouergue & his wife Adelais ---, to explain the transmission of the name Armengol [Ermengaud] into the Barcelona family.�

Sunyer [I] & his wife had five children:

1. BORRELL [II] (-30 Sep 993).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Borellus, Ermengaudus et Miro" as the three sons of "Sunyer"[188].� His parentage, and the fact that he was probably his father�s oldest son, is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Nov 934 under which �Suniarius�comes et Marchio� donated property to the church of Girona, for the souls of �patri meo Wifredi quondam, vel fratri meo Wifredi quondam�vel filio meo Borrello�[189].� He succeeded as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, Osona, i Urgell.�

-�� see below.�

2. ARMENGOL (-21 Aug [940/942]).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Borellus, Ermengaudus et Miro" as the three sons of "Sunyer"[190].� Comte de Osona: �dompnus comes Suniarius et marchioni...vel eius...prolis dompnus Ermengaudus Ausonensis comes� dedicated the church of Santa Maria de Moi� by charter dated 23 Aug 939[191].� The necrologies of Vic, Girona and Ripoll record that "Ermengaudus comes filius Suniarii comitis" was killed "XI Kal Sep"[192].� �Suniarius comes et marchio� donated property �in comitatu Ausona in apendicio de castro Veltregano in loco...Palacio�, which �advenit mihi...ex comparacione...de fratri meo Radulfo qui fuit quondam vel de filio eius Oliba�, to Santa Maria de Ripoll, for the sins of �filio meo Ermengaudo defuncto�, by charter dated 6 Sep 943[193].� �Soniarius comes ac marchio et uxor mea Richildis comitissa� donated donated property �in comitatu Gerundensi in appendicio sancti Martini in villare...Rivofredo� to the church of Girona, for the souls of �fratris mei quondam Borelli et filii mei quondam Ermengodi�, by charter dated 16 May 944, subscribed by �Audegarius vicecomes...�[194].� �Suniarius comes ac marchius et uxor mea Richildes comitissa� donated donated property to the church of Barcelona, for the souls of �patri meo condam qui fuit Guifredi comitis et matri mea condam qui fuit Guidinillis comitissa et fratri meo qui fuit condam Borrello comites...et proles meos condam Ermengadus et Borrellus�, by charter dated 16 May 944[195].�

3. MIR� (-31 Oct 966).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Borellus, Ermengaudus et Miro" as the three sons of "Sunyer"[196].� "Ricildis comitissa" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse by charter dated 954 before 31 Aug subscribed by "Miro comes, Borellus comes"[197], the subscribers assumed to be her sons.� The name order of the subscriptions in this document suggests that Mir� was older than his brother Borrell, but this appears to be contradicted by the charter of their father dated 23 Nov 934 which only names Borrell (see above).� The document dated 26 Nov 966 signed by "Borrellus�comes et marchio, Petrus Barchinonensis episcopus�et Guitardus vicecomes" as "tutores vel elemosinarii" of "condam Mirone comite"[198] shows Borrell with the full comital title in comparison with the limited title of Mir�.� At first sight, this suggests that Borrell must have been the older son.� However, the reference to "tutores", a term not used in any of the other testamentary documents in the compilation, suggests a guardianship element in the relations between the executors and the deceased.� It is possible, therefore, that Mir� was the older son but was in some way incapacitated and therefore excluded from the full succession to his father.� This document also serves to identify Mir�'s date of death.� "Mirone comes et marchio" donated property to the monastery of Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 16 Mar 955[199].� "Borrellum et Mironem uterque fratres et marchiones comites" donated property to Monserrat, as requested by "condam Richilli comitissa" in her testament, by charter dated 27 Dec 956[200].� �Miro comes et marchio� sold �castrum...Camba...in comitatu Barcinonense in locum...Ollesa� to �Digfredo� by charter dated 18 Dec 963[201].� �Miro Comes� donated �alodem meum qui mihi advenit per donationem Seniofredi Comitis fratris mei�in comitatu Bisellunensi in villa�Parietes� to the church of Girona by charter dated 2 Feb 968[202].� "Borrellus�comes et marchio" exchanged property with "uxori mee Ermerud comitissa" by charter dated 5 Sep 988 which names "fratri meo Mironi comiti�condam"[203].� m ---.� The name of Mir�'s wife is not known.� Mir� & his wife had three children:�

a) RAMON (-after 24 Sep 993).� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 appoints "filio meo Ermengaudo comite et Raimundo comite nepoti meo, cum fratres suos Borello comite et Suneario comite" to "comitatu Orgullense"[204].� The term "nepos" in this document can only mean "nephew" as neither of the testator's sons was old enough at that date to have had three sons himself.� The testator's brother Mir� is the only known possible father of these brothers.� No reference to them has been found in any other document, but their mention as part heirs in the will of Comte Borrell [II] suggests a recognition of their possibly superior claim to share in the family estates, maybe corroborating the hypothesis that their father was older than his brother Borrell.� The absence of further reference to joint counts of Urgell suggests that all three brothers died soon after the date of this testament, probably without male issue.�

b) BORRELL (-after 24 Sep 993).� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 appoints "filio meo Ermengaudo comite et Raimundo comite nepoti meo, cum fratres suos Borello comite et Suneario comite" to "comitatu Orgullense"[205].�

c) SUNYER (-after 24 Sep 993).� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 appoints "filio meo Ermengaudo comite et Raimundo comite nepoti meo, cum fratres suos Borello comite et Suneario comite" to "comitatu Orgullense"[206].�

4. ADELAIDA [Bonafilia] (-[after 11 Mar 988]).� "Adalaiz comitissa que vocant Bona filia, filiam Suniarium comitem et Richildis chomitissam" donated "in comitato Berchitano�Castrum Spugnola" to Ripoll Sant Joan, for the souls of "patri meo Suniario comite et matri mee Richildes chometissa", by charter dated 24 Jun "anno XV regnante Ludevico rege filius Karlonis regis" (incorrectly dated to 907 in the collection, 951 if the reign of King Louis IV is dated from 936)[207].� The title "comitissa" attributed to her in this document suggests that Adelaida was married to, or was widow of, a "comes" at the date of the document.� Bofarull suggests that she was the wife of her paternal uncle Seniofredo Comte de Urgell[208], but this appears to be based on nothing more than the fact that the two individuals bore the same name (which was not an uncommon one at the time).� A charter dated 16 Aug 950 records the election of "Adalaizam" as abbess of Ripoll Sant Joan in the presence of "Borrellus�comes"[209], although the document does not specify that the new abbess was Borrell�s sister.� "Adaleziba sive Bonafilia" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de las Puellas de Barcelona by charter dated 11 Mar 988, which specifies that she was abbess[210].� The similarity of the name suggests that this was the same person as the daughter of Comte Sunyer.� [m ---- Comte de --- (-before 16 Aug 950).]�

5. JOZFREDO (-after 25 Mar 988).� �Borellus�comes et marchio�filios meos Raymundo et Ermengode� ordered the security of �castro�Cardona�, constructed by �avus meus Wifredus comes et marchio�, by charter dated 9 Apr 986, subscribed by �Geribertus vicecomes�Gocefridus frater Borelli comes�[211].� �Ermemirus vicecomes...cum comilitonibus suis...Iozfredus frater Borrello comes� donated property to Santa Maria de Serrateix �in II anno ordinacionis sue, quam odinatus fuit a dompno Borrello comite vicecomitem Cardone� by charter dated 25 Mar 988, subscribed by �...Guillelmus viscechomes qui fuit filius Raimundi Fulchonis, Geralda uxoris sua�[212].�

BORRELL [II] de Barcelona, son of SUNYER [I] Comte de Barcelona & his wife Richilde --- (-30 Sep 993).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Borellus, Ermengaudus et Miro" as the three sons of "Sunyer", specifying that "Borrellus filius Suniarii comitis Urgelli" succeeded his cousin "Seniofredus" in Barcelona[213].� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Nov 934 under which �Suniarius�comes et Marchio� donated property to the church of Girona, for the souls of �patri meo Wifredi quondam, vel fratri meo Wifredi quondam�vel filio meo Borrello�[214].� �Suniarius comes ac marchius et uxor mea Richildes comitissa� donated donated property to the church of Barcelona, for the souls of �patri meo condam qui fuit Guifredi comitis et matri mea condam qui fuit Guidinillis comitissa et fratri meo qui fuit condam Borrello comites...et proles meos condam Ermengadus et Borrellus�, by charter dated 16 May 944[215].� He succeeded his father in 950 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, Osona, i Urgell.� "Borrellus comes" donated property "in comitatu Ausona in�Tolosa", inherited from "genitori meo Suniario", to Ripoll Sant Joan by charter dated 19 Feb 955[216].� "Ricildis comitissa" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse by charter dated 954 before 31 Aug subscribed by "Miro comes, Borellus comes"[217], the subscribers assumed to be her sons.� "Borrellum et Mironem uterque fratres et marchiones comites" donated property to Monserrat, as requested by "condam Richilli comitissa" in her testament, by charter dated 27 Dec 956[218].� He formed an alliance with Fernando Gonz�lez Conde de Castilla and Garc�a III S�nchez King of Navarre against Caliph Al-Hakam II.� The alliance was, however, unsuccessful and comte Borrell was defeated by the governor of Zaragoza in 965[219].� �Borrellus...comes et marchio et coniux nostra Ledgardis comitissa� sold �ecclesia de sancti Stephani...in puig de Granolers� to �Assolf� by charter dated 25 Jun 972 �in anno primo quo natus est filius eius Raimundus�[220].� "Borrellus�comes et marchio cum coniuge Leudgardis chomitissa" sold the castle of Queralt to "Witardo vicecomite" by charter dated 15 Jul 976[221].� "Borrellus�chomes et marchio" sold property to "Unicfredo que vocant Amado" by charter dated 11 Jun 977, subscribed by "Ledgardis comitissa, Ansulfo, Vuitardus vicescomes�"[222].� "Borrellus�comis et marchio" sold property "in comitatum Orgillitense in villa Cuilare seu Montan-Goncello" to "Reisendo et uxori tue" to the abbey of Gerri by charter dated 24 May 979[223].� He concluded a treaty with the caliph, marking the end of Catalonia's historic dependence on the Frankish kingdom[224], although the treaty was broken by al-Mansur who captured Barcelona in 985[225].� �Borellus�comes et marchio�filios meos Raymundo et Ermengode� ordered the security of �castro�Cardona�, constructed by �avus meus Wifredus comes et marchio�, by charter dated 9 Apr 986, subscribed by �Geribertus vicecomes�Gocefridus frater Borelli comes�[226].� "Borrello�Hibereo duci atque marchiso" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 10 Mar 988, subscribed by "Eimerud�comitissa, Miro, Raimundus comes, Ermengaudis�Suniarius comes�"[227].� "Borrellus�comes et marchio" exchanged property with "uxori mee Ermerud comitissa" which she held "in comitatu Urgellense" by charter dated 5 Sep 988 which names "fratri meo Mironi comiti�condam" and is subscribed by "Raimundus comes filio Borrello comitis"[228].� "Borrellus comes et marchio" sold property "in comitatu Urgellitano in valle Castro Leoni" to "Gillelmo vicecomite et uxori tue Sancia" by charter dated 8 Oct 988[229].� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 provides for the disposition of his titles between his successors, as shown below[230].� The Annales Barcinonenses record the death in 993 of "Borrelli comes Barchinonensis"[231].�

m firstly (968 or before) LEDGARDE, daughter of --- ([950/53]-after 16 Apr 980).� �Borrellus comes et marchio� donated property to the monastery of San Saturnino de Urgell, for the souls of "�uxoris me� Letgarda vel prolis me�, que de me et illa procreata est, et�fratris mei Mironis comitis atque marchionis", by charter dated 6 Jun 964[232].� Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was 15 years old or younger at the time of her marriage, but old enough to have given birth to her first child before the date of this charter.� Bofarull records a suggestion by Marca that Ledgarde was the daughter of "Ramon Pons y Garsinda condes de Auvernia"[233].� It is chronological impossible for Ledgarde to have been the daughter of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse et d�Auvergne whose children must have been born in the range [920/30].� If Ledgarde did belong to the Toulouse family, she must have been Ledgarde, daughter of Raymond III Comte de Toulouse & his wife [Gundinildis ---], whose children would have been born in the range [940/60].� �Borrellus...comes et marchio et coniux nostra Ledgardis comitissa� sold �ecclesia de sancti Stephani...in puig de Granolers� to �Assolf� by charter dated 25 Jun 972 �in anno primo quo natus est filius eius Raimundus�[234].� �Borrellus comes et marchio seu Guiffredus consanguineus meus� donated �in loco...castrum Lordano vel in civitate Ysauna...ecclesias� to the church of Urgell by charter dated 30 Jul 973[235].� "Borrellus�comes et marchio cum coniuge Leudgardis chomitissa" sold the castle of Queralt to "Witardo vicecomite" by charter dated 15 Jul 976[236].� "Borrellus�chomes et marchio" sold property to "Unicfredo que vocant Amado" by charter dated 11 Jun 977, subscribed by "Ledgardis comitissa, Ansulfo, Vuitardus vicescomes�"[237].� "Borrellus comes et marchio et uxori mee Ledegards" donated property "in comitatu Ausona" to Vic by charter dated 16 Apr 980[238].�

m secondly (before 10 Mar 988) as her second husband, AIMERUDIS, widow of ---, daughter of --- (-after 992).� "Borrello�Hibereo duci atque marchiso" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 10 Mar 988, subscribed by "Eimerud�comitissa, Miro, Raimundus comes, Ermengaudis�Suniarius comes�"[239].� "Borrellus�comes et marchio" exchanged property with "uxori mee Ermerud comitissa" which she held "in comitatu Urgellense" by charter dated 5 Sep 988 which names "fratri meo Mironi comiti�condam" and is subscribed by "Raimundus comes filio Borrello comitis"[240].� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 names "uxore mea Aimerudis" and also "Aldria filia tua" when addressing his wife, which provides confirmation of her first marriage[241].� The identity of her first husband is not known.�

Borrell [II] & his first wife had five children:�

1. daughter (before 6 Jun 969-).� �Borrellus comes et marchio� donated property to the monastery of San Saturnino de Urgell, for the souls of "�uxoris me� Letgarda vel prolis me�, que de me et illa procreata est, et�fratris mei Mironis comitis atque marchionis", by charter dated 6 Jun 964[242].� It is not known whether this daughter was the same as one of the other daughters of Borrell named below.�

2. RAMON BORRELL [I] ([971/26 May 972]-25 Feb 1017).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum Borrelli et Ermengaudum" as the two sons of "Borrellus comes"[243].� The Annales Barcinonenses name "Raimundus Barchinonensis comes, filius Borelli comitis" when recording his death[244].� His birth date is estimated from the charter dated 25 Jun 972, under which �Borrellus...comes et marchio et coniux nostra Ledgardis comitissa� sold �ecclesia de sancti Stephani...in puig de Granolers� to �Assolf�, the dating clause of which states �in anno primo quo natus est filius eius Raimundus�[245].� �Borellus�comes et marchio�filios meos Raymundo et Ermengode� ordered the security of �castro�Cardona�, constructed by �avus meus Wifredus comes et marchio�, by charter dated 9 Apr 986, subscribed by �Geribertus vicecomes�Gocefridus frater Borelli comes�[246].� "Borrellus�comes et marchio" exchanged property with "uxori mee Ermerud comitissa" which she held "in comitatu Urgellense" by charter dated 5 Sep 988 subscribed by "Raimundus comes filio Borrello comitis"[247].� He succeeded his father in 992 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona.� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 appoints "filio meo Raimundo comite" to "comitatu Gerundense�[et] comitatu Barchinonense"[248].� He reversed the advances of al-Mansur and Abd-el-Malik, culminating in an attack on C�rdoba 1010.� �Raimundo�comiti et conjugi�Ermesendi� bought property from Petro Rogerio Bishop of Girona by charter dated 20 Nov 1015, subscribed by �Berengarius comes�[249].� The necrology of Girona records the death �IV Kal Mar�1016� (presumably O.S.) of �Raymundus comes�[250].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 1017 of �Raymundus comes Barch.�[251].� m ([990/91]) ERMESINDE de Carcassonne, daughter of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais de Rouergue (-1 Mar 1058).� "Remundus comes et marchio, Ermensides comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 11 Jun 996[252].� Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 2 Sep 1019 which names �Raymondus�comes Borreli comitis proles� and by which �Ermisindi�coniux eius comitissa, filia�comitis Carcasonensis Rodegarii� records her husband�s burial �infra canonicalem claustram S. Crucis sedis� and confirms a donation by �femina�Bellazez uxor qu� fuit Sesemundi fratris Seniofredi Gerundensis vicecomitis�, with the consent of �filio suo domno Barengario marchione comite�Amato vicecomite Gerundense��[253].� �Raimundo�comiti et conjugi�Ermesendi� bought property from Petro Rogerio Bishop of Girona by charter dated 20 Nov 1015, subscribed by �Berengarius comes�[254].� �Ermesendis...comitissa simulque Berengarius prolis mei...comes ac marchio� donated �collo...de...Presa� to Sant Daniel de Girona, in accordance with the wishes of �viro meo domno Raimundo comite bona memoria�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1018[255].� "Ermessindis comitissa et Amato de castro Surice et Sunifredo de Riorubio, Gondebaldus de Besora, Lobeto de Celra" signed a document dated 12 Nov 1018 as executors of "condam Remundo comite et marchio"[256].� Regent during the minority of her son until early 1020s.� She acquired considerable power during her regency, quarrelling with her son.� She continued to be a disruptive influence in Catalonia until her death[257].� The testament of "Ermesindis comitissa", dated 25 Sep 1057, names "domnum Raymundum Berengarium comitem nepotem meum�domna Almodis comitissa coniuge vestra"[258].� The codicil of "domna Ermesindis comitissa", dated 6 Mar 1057 (O.S.), names "Guillermo Berengarii suo nepoti�Sancio suo nepoti�Bernardo Berengarii suo nepoti"[259].� Ramon Borrell [I] & his wife had [four] children:�

a) BERENGUER RAMON ([1000/05]-26 May 1035, bur Santa Maria de Ripoll).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "Berenguer" as the son of "Remon Burrel conte de Barchinona"[260].� He succeeded his father in 1017 as BERENGUER RAMON I "el Curvo" Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona.�

-�� see below.�

b) [--- de Barcelona (-killed in battle [1017/27]).� Ad�mar de Chabannes records that Roger [I] de Tosny lost his brother-in-law with whom he was fighting the Moors, but does not identify him by name[261].� Whether he was the son of Ramon Borrell depends on the correct identity of Roger�s wife, the question of whose parentage is discussed below.]�

c) [--- de Barcelona .� The Chronicle of Ad�mar de Chabannes (written before [1034]) records that "Normanni, duce Rotgerio" (presumably identifiable as Roger [I] de Tosny, although he never bore the ducal or even comital title), who had been fighting Saracens in Spain, asked "comitissa Barzelonensi Ermensende�vidua" for the hand of her (unnamed) daughter[262].� This episode is dated to [1017/20], when Ermesinde was acting for her son Berenguer Ramon I �el Curvo� Comte de Barcelona during his minority.� In addition, the other events recorded by Ad�mar in the same paragraph, all relate to 1016/18.� Europ�ische Stammtafeln names her �Adelaida (Papia)�[263].� No primary source has been identified which confirms that either of these names is correct.� The early 12th century Chronicon S Petri Vivi Senonensi records, in a section headed 1015 but whose coverage extends into later years, that "Rotgerius filius Rodulfi comitis" left Normandy with an army for Spain (�de Normannia perrexit cum exercitu in Hispaniam�) where he married �sororem Raymundi Berengerii [Ramon Berenger [I] �el Viejo� Comte de Barcelona] Stephaniam� and lived there �cum uxore et exercitu suo per 15 annos� before returning �ad patrem suum in Normanniam� (having left �20 viris et uxore et omnibus qu� possidebant� in Spain) to make peace �cum duce Richardo�[264].� The early 12th century Chronicon S Petri Vivi Senonensi records that �sororem Raymundi Berengerii Stephaniam� married as her second husband �rex Hispani� Garsias�[265].� Based on this source, Jaime de Salazar Acha suggests that the widow of Roger [I] de Tosny was Estefan�a who married Garc�a V King of Navarre[266].� There are several reasons why this suggestion is unlikely to be correct.� Firstly, Roger [I]�s marriage is dated to [1017/20] according to Ad�mar de Chabannes as noted above.� If that date is correct, it is unlikely that his widow would have given birth to nine children by a second marriage, whose births are estimated between 1039 and 1054 (see the document NAVARRE KINGS).� Secondly, Estefan�a is named with her husband King Garc�a in a charter dated 1040, her marriage probably being dated to a couple of years earlier, whereas Roger [I] is recorded in Normandy around the same time.� Thirdly, there are intrinsic problems associated with the Chronicon S. Petri Vivi Senonensis: the chronology of the whole passage, of which the reference to Roger�s marriage forms part, is flawed as explained in NORMANDY NOBILITY, and in addition Roger�s wife could not have been the sister of Ramon Berenguer [I] Comte de Barcelona (whose birth is dated to 1023, see below) if his marriage is correctly dated to [1017/20].� m ([1017/20]) as his first wife, ROGER [I] de Tosny, son of RAOUL [II] de Tosny & his wife --- ([990]-killed in battle [before 17 Jun] [1040]).]�

d) [--- .� m ---.]� One child:�

i) ADELAIDA (-after 12 May 1078). �Her parentage is suggested by the charter dated 10 Apr 1078 under which "Remundus Berengarius et Berengarius Remundus�Barchinonensium comites atque marchiones" granted property "intra muros Barchinone urbis" to "Adaledi femine consubrine nostre"[267].� It is unlikely that Adelaida was related to the two brother comtes de Barcelona through their mother Sancha de Castilla.� It is possible that she was the child of an otherwise unknown child of Comte Ramon Borrell [I], although as can be seen above no definite information is known about his other possible children.� Alternatively Adelaida could have been a more remote descendant, possibly granddaughter, of one of the brothers or sisters of Comte Ramon Borrell.� She was the same person as "Adaledis femina" who sold property "intra muros Barchinone urbis" to "Remundo Dalmatii levite" by charter dated 12 May 1078, as the description of the two properties appears to be the same[268].�

3. ARMENGOL [I] "�l de C�rdoba" ([973/77]-1 Sep 1010, bur Ripoll).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum Borrelli et Ermengaudum" as the two sons of "Borrellus comes"[269].� He succeeded his father in 992 as Comte de Urgell.� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 appoints "filio meo Ermengaudo comite et Raimundo comite nepoti meo, cum fratres suos Borello comite et Suneario comite" to "comitatu Orgullense"[270].�

-�� COMTES de URGELL.�

4. ERMENGARDE (-after 10 Oct 1029).� "Geiriberto filio condam Witardo et uxori mea Ermengards" exchanged property with "Geiriberto filio condam Gotmar et uxori tua Aigo" by charter dated 26 Jun 997[271].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� A charter dated 19 Dec 1015 relating to a sale of property names "Ermengardis filia condam Borrelli comitis" and "Geriberto" but does not expressly make the connection between the two[272].� "Geriberto filio condam Guitardo et uxori mea Ermengarda" exchanged property with "Geriberto filio condam Gotmar et uxor tua Aigo" by charter dated 26 Jun 1019[273].� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029, appoints "�soror mea Richel�" as one of her helemosinarii, bequeathes "Subiratis�castel" to "Mir filio meo" on condition he donates it to "sua nepota filia de Reimundo", donates property "pro anima de viro meo domnus Geribertus", bequeathes property to "Guillelm filio de Mir�Fulcus filio�nepta mea filia de Reimundo�Seniol per dominicatione de filia mea Guilla�Adalet filia de Mir"[274].� m GERIBERT, son of GUITARD Vescomte de Barcelona & his wife --- (-before 1014).

5. RIQUILDA (-after 1041).� "El vizconde Odolardo y la vizcondesa Richilde su muger" donated property to Montserrat by charter dated 5 Mar 999[275].� "Odalardus�vicecomitis" granted property to "uxori mee Richilde vicecomitissa" by charter dated 5 Feb 1006[276].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified, although it is hinted at by the testament of her sister "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029, which appoints "�soror mea Richel�" as one of her helemosinarii[277].� It is also hinted at by the charter dated 26 May 1058 under which "Udalardus Bernardi�vicecomes" reached agreement with "domno Remudo comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�", the document naming "Remundi Borrelli comitis et avi iam dicti Udalardi" (although he was great-grandfather, not grandfather, of Vescomte Udalard [II][278].� "Richildis�vicecomitissa" granted property to "filio meo�Guisliberto episcopo" by charter dated 6 Mar 1041[279].� "Richillis vicecomitissa" sold property to "Bonifilius levita et fratri tuo Bonutius, prolis condam Vives" by charter dated 1 Mar 1041[280].� "Richildis�vicecomitissa" granted property to "filio meo�Guisliberto episcopo" by charter dated 6 Mar 1041[281].� "Domina vicecomitissa Rachelis cum filiis nostris�domnus Guisliberto pontifex et Iohannes de Mont [Serrad]" donated property by charter dated 20 May 1041[282].� m UDALARD [I] Vescomte de Barcelona, son of GUITARD Vescomte de Barcelona & his wife --- (-after 30 May 1030).�

BERENGUER RAMON [I] "el Curvo" de Barcelona, son of RAMON BORRELL [I] Comte de Barcelona & his wife Ermesinde de Carcassonne ([1000/05]-26 May 1035, bur Santa Maria de Ripoll).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "Berenguer" as the son of "Remon Burrel conte de Barchinona"[283].� His birth date is estimated from the Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a which records that "Berenguer" died aged 40[284], but this may be exaggerated considering the date of his first betrothal and the fact that his mother continued to exercise her regency until the early 1020s.� He succeeded his father in 1017 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona.� �Ermesendis...comitissa simulque Berengarius prolis mei...comes ac marchio� donated �collo...de...Presa� to Sant Daniel de Girona, in accordance with the wishes of �viro meo domno Raimundo comite bona memoria�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1018[285].� The growth in power of feudal lords, and the consequent breakdown in central authority, led to a reaction to restore public order centred around the Truce of God (1027, 1033) inaugurated by the bishops of Elne and Vic[286].� �Berengarius�Marchio Comes�cum uxore mea Guillia comitissa� donated property to Barcelona Santa Eulalia by charter dated to [1028][287].�� The Annales Barcinonenses record the death in 1035 of "Berengarius comes Barchinonensis"[288].� The testament of "Berengarii comiti et marchionis" dated 9 Feb 1035 names his wife, his mother and three sons[289].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records the death in 1034 of "Berenguer" aged 40[290].�

m firstly (betrothed 1016, Zaragoza 1021[291]) SANCHA S�nchez de Castilla, daughter of SANCHO [I] Garc�a Conde de Castilla & his wife Urraca Salvad�rez ([1006/07]-26 June 1026, bur Santa Maria de Ripoll).� She is named "Sancha daughter of the deceased Conde Sancho", assumed to be Sancho Garc�a Conde de Castilla, in her husband's 1025 charter[292].� Bofarull suggests that Sancha was the daughter of Sancho Duke of Gascony[293].� However, if this is correct, it is unclear why her husband would not have claimed the disputed succession to the duchy of Gascony, in her name, after the death of Duke Sancho in 1032.�

m secondly ([1027]) as her first husband, GUISLA, daughter of --- (-after 1079).� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[294], she was Guisla de Llu�a, daughter of Sunifred [II] Se�or de Llu�a i Villanova & his wife Ermesenda de Balsareny.� On the other hand Kerrebrouck states that the "third" wife of Berenguer Ramon [I] was "Guisle de Ampurias"[295].� The primary sources which corroborate these hypotheses have not yet been identified.� �Berengarius�Marchio Comes�cum uxore mea Guillia comitissa� donated property to Barcelona Santa Eulalia by charter dated to [1028][296].�� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� The testament of "Berengarii comiti et marchionis" dated 9 Feb 1035 names "uxorem meam Guiliam comitissam" and leaves the county of Osona to her, while she remains unmarried, and their son "Guilelmo"[297].� She married secondly Udalard [II] Vescomte de Barcelona.� Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter of her son Guillem, dated 1054, in which he names himself "filius�Guisl� femin�comitissa�nunc est vice comitissa propter maritum quem habuit post patris mei"[298].�

Berenguer Ramon [I] & his first wife had two children:

1. RAMON BERENGUER [I] "el Viejo" de Barcelona (1023-26 May 1076).� The testament of "Berengarii comiti et marchionis" dated 9 Feb 1035 names "filium meum maiorem�Reimundus"[299].� He succeeded his father in 1035 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona.��

-�� see below.�

2. SANCHO BERENGUER (-after 6 Mar 1058).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium name "Raimundum Berengarii, et Gillelmum Berengarii et Sancium Berengarii" as children of "Berengarius", stating that "Sancius Berengarii" was "Monachus Tomeriensis et Prior S. Benedicti de Bagis" where he died[300].� The testament of "Berengarii comiti et marchionis" dated 9 Feb 1035 names "�filium meum Sancium�"[301].� Comte de Olerdota 1035/49.� He renounced his rights at Penedes in 1050[302], and became a monk at Saint-Pons de Thomi�res.� The codicil of "domna Ermesindis comitissa", dated 6 Mar 1057 (O.S.), names "Guillermo Berengarii suo nepoti�Sancio suo nepoti�Bernardo Berengarii suo nepoti"[303].�

Berenguer Ramon [I] & his second wife had [three] children:

3. GUILLEM RAMON ([1029/31]-after 6 Mar 1058).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium name "Raimundum Berengarii, et Gillelmum Berengarii et Sancium Berengarii" as children of "Berengarius", stating that "Guillelmus Berengarii" was "Comes Minoris�" and died childless[304].� The testament of "Berengarii comiti et marchionis" dated 9 Feb 1035 names "�Guiliam comitissam�cum filio meo et suo Guilelmo�"[305].� Comte de Osona.� The codicil of "domna Ermesindis comitissa", dated 6 Mar 1057 (O.S.), names "Guillermo Berengarii suo nepoti�Sancio suo nepoti�Bernardo Berengarii suo nepoti"[306].�

4. [BERNAT BERENGUER ([1035]-after 6 Mar 1058).� The codicil of "domna Ermesindis comitissa", dated 6 Mar 1057 (O.S.), names "Guillermo Berengarii suo nepoti�Sancio suo nepoti�Bernardo Berengarii suo nepoti"[307].� It is puzzling that Bernat Berenguer was not named in his father�s testament, if he was indeed the son of Comte Berenguer Ramon.� One possibility is that he was born posthumously, or at least after the date of the testament.� Another possibility is that he was not the son of Comte Berenguer Ramon but the son of an otherwise unrecorded daughter of Ermesinde.]�

5. [--- de Barcelona (-6 Jul 1074 or after, bur Besan�on, Saint-Etienne).� The parentage of the wife of Henri de Bourgogne has not been identified with certainty.� Abb� Maurice Chaume[308] suggested that she was a relative of Ramon Borrell [I] Comte de Barcelona, pointing out the use of the name "Borell" by her son and grandson Eudes I Duke of Burgundy and Hugues II Duke of Burgundy.� Szabolcs de Vajay[309]� proposed more specifically that she was the daughter of Berenguer Ramon [I] Comte de Barcelona & his second wife, and that she married while her husband and his father were in Barcelona on crusade in Spain.� There appears to be nothing to support the suggestion that her first name was Sibylla.� Jean Richard suggested that the wife of Henri de Bourgogne may have been named Cl�mence, a name used by her descendants, and that she may have originated from Poitiers[310].� There does not appear to be any proof to support any of these theories.� m ([1056]) HENRI de Bourgogne, son of ROBERT I "le Vieux" Duke of Burgundy [Capet] & his first wife H�lie de Semur ([1035]-27 Jan [1070/74]).]�

RAMON BERENGUER [I] "el Viejo" de Barcelona, son of BERENGUER RAMON "el Curvo" Comte de Barcelona & his first wife Sancha S�nchez de Castilla (1023-26 May 1076).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium name "Raimundum Berengarii, et Gillelmum Berengarii et Sancium Berengarii" as children of "Berengarius"[311].� The testament of "Berengarii comiti et marchionis" dated 9 Feb 1035 names "filium meum maiorem�Reimundus"[312].� He succeeded his father in 1035 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona.� The revolt of Mir Geribert (who styled himself "prince of Ol�rdola") in 1040 was not finally suppressed until 1059[313].� During this period, Comte Ramon Berenguer [I] had to deal with many other challenges to his authority, including from Ramon Guifr� Comte de Cerdanya against whom he launched a military expedition in 1044[314].� Ramon Berenguer [I] eventually succeeded in restoring political order, in part through a systematic process of purchasing castles from local lords and returning them as feudal concessions.� In consolidating his power progressively by securing alliances with local magnates, he effectively established a new feudal order with himself at the pinnacle.� A charter dated 1050 records that "Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem et Elisabet comitssa" promised the town of Tarragona "cum ipso comitatu Terraconensis" to "Berengarium vicecomitem Narbone", naming also "Ricardus vicecomes de Amilau", although it appears that this was never implemented[315].� "Raimundum Berengarium comitem Barchinonensium et Adalmus cometissa et filios nostros Raimundum et Berengarium et Arnaldum Petri" donated property to the monastery Barber� by charter dated 25 Mar 1054 (although the document must be misdated considering the date of the donor�s third marriage)[316].� He imposed the Peace and Truce by territorial statute in 1064, reformed outdated Visigothic laws and renewed pressure on the Taifa lords of L�rida, Tortosa and Zaragoza for payment of tribute.� Having re-established his position in Catalonia, Ramon Berenguer switched his attention to pursing an expansionist policy in Languedoc and Roussillon, acquiring suzerainty over Carcassonne and Raz�s.� "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to L�rins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius�"[317].� The Annales Barcinonenses record the death in 1076 of "Raimundus Berengarius comes Barchinonensis"[318].� The publication of the testament of "comitis Barchinone�Raimundi Berengarii" dated 12 Nov 1076 names "duobus filiis suis�Raimundo Berengarii et Berengario Raimundi�filiam suam Sanciam", and includes a residuary provision that in case of the death of these three, his counties would revert to "filium Guigonis de Albion quem habuit de filia sua Agnes"[319].� The necrology of Girona records the death �VIII Kal Jun�1076� of �domnus Remundus Berengarii comes Barchionensis et Marchio�[320].�

m firstly (St Cucuphat, Barcelona 14 Nov 1039) ISABELLE, daughter of --- & his wife Ermengarde --- ([1020/28]-29 Jun 1050).� A charter dated 14 Nov 1039 records the marriage of Ramon Berenguer and "Elisabet�comitissa" at "ecclesia beati Cucuphati"[321].� Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was an adolescent at the time of the marriage, but bearing in mind that she bore two children before 1045.� The name of her father is not known, although she is named as daughter of "Ermengardis femina" in several charters[322].� Bofarell highlights Raymond Bernard "Trencavel" Vicomte d�Albi et de N�mes and a local Catalan noble "Guillelmo Bernardo de Odena" as possible fathers, both of whose wives were named Ermengarde[323].� In the case of the former, the chronology of the family of the Vicomtes d�Albi et de N�mes appears incompatible with the birth date estimated for Isabelle as shown above.� "Raimundus Berengarii�comes et marchisus�cum coniuge mea�Helisabeth" donated property "in comitatu Barchinonense, in Vallense�Riels [et] Fallo" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 25 Apr 1031[324], although this date is presumably incorrect considering the probable birth date of Ramon Berenguer I shown above.� She was known as ELISABET in Catalonia.� A charter dated 1050 records that "Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem et Elisabet comitssa" promised the town of Tarragona "cum ipso comitatu Terraconensis" to "Berengarium vicecomitem Narbone"[325].� The necrology of Santa Maria de Ripoll records the death "III Kal Jul" of "Elisabeth comitissa"[326].� Ramon Berenguer donated property to Santa Maria de Ripoll, for the soul of "uxoris mee quondam Elisabeth comitiss�", by charter dated 28 Sep 1050[327].�

m secondly (before 26 Mar 1051, repudiated 1052) BLANCA, daughter of --- (-after 12 Nov 1076).� Comte Ramon Berenguer "et Bancha comitissa uxor eius" granted property to a vassal by charter dated 26 Mar 1051[328].� She is also named in a charter dated 1056 under which Comtesa Ermesindis undertook, on behalf of Comte Ramon Berenguer and his wife Almodis, to obtain the lifting of the excommunication which Pope Victor II had pronounced "pro Blancha femina contra...predictum comitem et�comitessam Almodem"[329].� The testament of Comte Ramon Berenguer refers to, but does not name, a wife to whom the testator bequeathed "quatuor milia mancusos"[330].� It is unlikely that this bequest relates to a fourth wife, otherwise unrecorded, as presumably a surviving wife would have been named in the document.� It therefore appears probable that the bequest was intended for Blanca who was still alive when the testament was written.� Bofarull suggests that the testament should be interpreted as indicating that Ramon Berenguer married Blanca for a second time before he died[331], but the problem of the absence of her name from the document remains.�

m thirdly (1053 after 29 Jun) as her third husband, ALMODIS de la Marche, repudiated wife (firstly) of HUGUES V "le Pieux" Seigneur de Lusignan, and (secondly) of PONS Comte de Toulouse, daughter of BERNARD Comte de la Marche et de P�rigord & his wife Amelia --- (-murdered 16 Oct 1071).� The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records the marriage of "Almodim�sororem Audeberti comitis de Marcha" and "Pontius comes Tolosanus", specifying that she was previously the wife of "Hugo Pius de Liziniaco" from whom she was separated for consanguinity and that afterwards she married "Raimundo Barcinonensi"[332].� Her mother�s name is confirmed by the charter dated to [1053] under which "Guilabertus episcopus filius qui fui Richeldis femine" swore allegiance to "Almodis comitissa, filia que es Amelie comitisse", also naming "Remundus comes, senior meus, filio qui fuit Sanci� comitisse"[333].� "Poncius Tolosanus urbis comes" recorded the union of the abbey of Moissac with the abbey of Cluny, with the advice of "uxoris me� Adalmodis comitiss�", by charter dated 29 Jun 1053[334].� "Raimundum Berengarium comitem Barchinonensium et Adalmus cometissa et filios nostros Raimundum et Berengarium et Arnaldum Petri" donated property to the monastery of Barber� by charter dated 25 Mar 1054 (although the document must be misdated considering the date of the donor�s third marriage)[335].� "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to L�rins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius�"[336].� The necrology of San Cucufate records the death 17 Nov of "la condesa do�a Almodis"[337].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "Petrus Raimundi" murdered his stepmother "Adalmoyn"[338].� Pope Gregory VII (elected 22 Apr 1073) sent a decree of penitence (undated) to "Petro Raimundi�pro interfectione Adalmodis eius�noverce"[339].�

Ramon Berenguer [I] & his first wife had three children:

1. BERENGUER ([1040/44]-before 28 May 1045).� A charter of his parents dated 28 May 1045, relating to the restoration of the hospital at Barcelona, names their deceased "filiorum nostrorum�Berengarii et Annalli"[340].�

2. ARNAU ([1041/45]-before 28 May 1045).� A charter of his parents dated 28 May 1045, relating to the restoration of the hospital at Barcelona, names their deceased "filiorum nostrorum�Berengarii et Annalli"[341].�

3. PERE RAMON ([1040/50]-[22 Apr 1073/May 1076]).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Petrum�Raimundi et Berengarium Raimundi et Raimundum Berengarii" as the sons of "Raimundus Berengarii", recording that "Petrus Raimundi" murdered his stepmother "Adalmoyn" and was exiled "in Hispania" where he died childless[342].� "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to L�rins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius�"[343].� Pope Gregory VII (elected 22 Apr 1073) sent a decree of penitence (undated) to "Petro Raimundi�pro interfectione Adalmodis eius�noverce"[344].�

Ramon Berenguer [I] & his third wife had five children:

4. RAMON BERENGUER [II] "Cabeza de Estopa/Cap d'Estopes" ([1054]-murdered Perxa de Astor, near Girona 6 Dec 1082, bur Girona).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Petrum�Raimundi et Berengarium Raimundi et Raimundum Berengarii" as the sons of "Raimundus Berengarii"[345].� The Inquisitio circa comitatum Carcasson� names "Raimundo-Berengarii�Cap-de-Stopes" as older of the two sons of "Raimundus-Berengarii Vetus", specifying that he was killed "in festo S Nicolai" after the birth of his own son[346].� "Raimundum Berengarium comitem Barchinonensium et Adalmus cometissa et filios nostros Raimundum et Berengarium et Arnaldum Petri" donated property to the monastery Barber� by charter dated 25 Mar 1054 (although the document must be misdated considering the date of the donor�s third marriage)[347].� The tight chronology of Ramon Berenguer�s third marriage and the naming of his sons in charters suggests that the two older sons may have been twins.� However, no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct.� A simpler explanation of the timing difficulties is that the 1053 and 1054 charters were misdated.� "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to L�rins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius�"[348].� The publication of the testament of "comitis Barchinone�Raimundi Berengarii" dated 12 Nov 1076 names "duobus filiis suis�Raimundo Berengarii et Berengario Raimundi�"[349].� He succeeded his father in 1076 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona, jointly with his brother Berenguer Ramon II.� The contacts with Norman Sicily established by Ramon Berenguer�s marriage marked the start of the commercial expansion of Barcelona and the growth of Catalan influence throughout the Mediterranean.� "Sancius�rex Aragonensium" granted privileges to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated 4 Sep 1082, the dating clause of which refers to "�Raimundo Beringerii et Beringerii Raimundi fratribus comitibus in Barcelona"[350].� His brother comte Berenguer Ramon II quarrelled with him, calling for a division of their territories, and murdered Ramon Berenguer.� The Annales Barcinonenses record that "Raimundus comes Barchinonensis" was killed in 1082[351].� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a records the death in 1082 of "Remon Berenguer Cap" aged 25 and his burial "en la Seu de Girona"[352].� A document prepared during the reign of Alfonso II King of Aragon, relating to rights in the county of Carcassonne, records that Ramon Berenguer was killed "in festo Sancti Nicolai" after the birth of his son[353].� The necrology of Ripoll records that "Raymundus Berengarius Barchinonensis comes et marchio" was killed 5 Dec "in colle de Astor per fratrem suum"[354].� m (1078) as her first husband, MATHILDE di Apulia, daughter of ROBERT "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia and Calabria & his second wife Sichelgaita di Salerno ([1059]-after 6 Jun 1112, bur Girona).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium record that "Raimundus-Berengarii filius [Raimundi-Berengarii]" married "filiam�Rotberti Guiscardi Ducis Apuli� et Messin�"[355].� Mathilde was the oldest daughter of Robert "Guiscard" according to William of Apulia[356].� The Alexeiad records that Robert "Guiscard" betrothed "one daughter to Raymond, son of the Count Barcinon" but does not name her[357].� Her parentage is confirmed by the Vita Sancti Ollegarii which names her son �Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem filium fili� Roberti Guisardi principis Apuli��[358].�� She was known as MAHALTA in Catalonia.� Ramon and his wife "Maheltis" donated property to a vassal by undated charter[359].� She was strongly supported by Guillem Ramon Seneschal of Catalonia and his brothers after her first husband's murder.� She married secondly ([1085/87]) Amaury [I] Vicomte de Narbonne, her second marriage being deduced from the testament of her son by her first marriage "Raimundus Berengarii�Barchinonensis comes et marchio", dated [8 Jul] 1130, which appoints "Aimericum fratrem meum" as one of the testator's manumissores[360].� "Aimericus�vicecomes Narbone�et uxor mea Mealtis�et filiorum eius" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martial on leaving for the Holy Land, by charter dated [1100/01][361].� Pontich records the burial of "la Comptesa muller del compte D. Ramon Berenguer" in "la Sta Iglesia de Gerona�casi devant la de son marit"[362].� Ramon Berenguer and his mother Mahalta issued a charter dated 6 Jun 1112[363].� Ramon Berenguer [II] & his wife had [two] children:�

a) [ALMODIS (-1140).� Almodis is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[364] as the daughter of Ramon Berenguer [II], but the primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� She is not mentioned as his daughter by Bofarull.� It is possible that the connection is speculative based only her being named after her supposed paternal grandmother.� However, this cannot be considered conclusive as other local families used the same name at the time, as shown by Comte Ramon Berenguer [III]�s second wife also being named Almodis.� If Almodis, wife of Bernat Amat Vescomte de Cardona, was the daughter of Ramon Berenguer, she would have been a young child at the time of her marriage.� "Fulcho archilevita et vicecomes sive Ermessindis vicecomitissa et�Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 26 Dec 1087[365].� "Raimundis�Ausonensis ecclesie" confirmed the donation by "B. A. �vicecomes Cardonensis�cum uxore mea Adalmudis et liberis G atque P" of property to Cluny dated 10 Nov 1113, subscribed by "�Guillelmi, Raimundi Fulconis�"[366].� "Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 30 Apr 1126, subscribed by "Raimundi Fulchonis"[367].� m (before 26 Dec 1087) BERNAT AMAT Vescomte de Cardona, son of DEODAT de Claramunt & his wife Ermesinda de Cardona (-after 27 Oct 1135).]�

b) RAMON BERENGUER [III] "el Grande" (11 Nov 1082-19 Jul 1131, bur Ripoll Monastery).� The Inquisitio circa comitatum Carcasson� names "Raimundus-Berengarii" as the son of "Raimundo-Berengarii�Cap-de-Stopes", specifying that he was born "in festo S Martini"[368].� He succeeded his uncle in [1097] as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona.�

-�� see below.�

5. BERENGUER RAMON [II] ([1054]-20 Jun, 1097 or after).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Petrum�Raimundi et Berengarium Raimundi et Raimundum Berengarii" as the sons of "Raimundus Berengarii"[369].� "Raimundum Berengarium comitem Barchinonensium et Adalmus cometissa et filios nostros Raimundum et Berengarium et Arnaldum Petri" donated property to the monastery Barber� by charter dated 25 Mar 1054 (although the document must be misdated considering the date of the donor�s third marriage)[370].� The tight chronology of Ramon Berenguer�s third marriage and the naming of his sons in charters suggests that the two older sons may have been twins.� However, no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct.� A simpler explanation of the timing difficulties is that the 1053 and 1054 charters were misdated.� "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to L�rins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius�"[371].� The publication of the testament of "comitis Barchinone�Raimundi Berengarii" dated 12 Nov 1076 names "duobus filiis suis�Raimundo Berengarii et Berengario Raimundi�"[372].� He succeeded his father in 1076 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona, jointly with his brother Ramon Berenguer [II].� "Sancius�rex Aragonensium" granted privileges to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated 4 Sep 1082, the dating clause of which refers to "�Raimundo Beringerii et Beringerii Raimundi fratribus comitibus in Barcelona"[373].� He quarrelled with his brother, calling for a division of their father's inheritance.� He was widely believed to have murdered his brother, but was unable to consolidate his political power in the face of strong opposition from Guillem Ramon Seneschal of Catalonia and his brothers, and Guillem Comte de Cerdanya.� Under a compromise reached in 1086, Berenguer Ramon was named guardian of his minor nephew for the next 11 years.� Berenguer Ramon restored "el alodio de Tossa" to Santa Maria de Ripoll by charter dated 28 Jun 1096[374].� He was found guilty of fratricide after a trial by battle at the court of Alfonso VI King of Castile in the winter 1096/97[375].� The necrology of Ripoll records that "Berengarius comes" died "in Jerosol." 20 Jun[376].�

6. ARNAU PERE (-[2 Jan 1068/12 Nov 1076]).� "Raimundum Berengarium comitem Barchinonensium et Adalmus cometissa et filios nostros Raimundum et Berengarium et Arnaldum Petri" donated property to the monastery Barber� by charter dated 25 Mar 1054 (although the document must be misdated considering the date of the donor�s third marriage)[377].� "Raimundus comes et uxor mea Almodis" donated "ecclesias sancte Marie vel sancti Honorati" [in Barcelona?] to L�rins by charter dated 2 Jan 1068, signed by "Petri filii eius, Raimundi filii eius, Berengarii filii eius, Agnelus filius eius�"[378].� He is not named in his father�s testament published 12 Nov 1076.�

7. INES ([1055/56]-[before 12 Nov 1076]).� �Wigo� (signed �Wigonis comitis�) granted �sponse mee�Agnetis� various properties �in dotalitio�, including �castellum Albionem�Moratum�et Vallem�in comitatu Viennensis� by charter dated �VI Id Mai, luna XX^ma VI^a regnante Henrico rege�[379], the date corresponding to the year 1070.� Her parentage is confirmed by the publication of the testament of "comitis Barchinone�Raimundi Berengarii" dated 12 Nov 1076 includes a residuary provision that, in case of the death of his three other children, his counties would revert to "filium Guigonis de Albion quem habuit de filia sua Agnes"[380].� The wording of the testament implies that both Ines and her husband were deceased at the time.� m (10 May 1070) as his second wife, GUIGUES [III] "V�tus" Comte d'Albon, son of GUIGUES [II] [d'Albon] & his wife [Gotelene ---] ([995/1000]-Cluny 22 Apr [1074/75]).�

8. SANCHA (-after 13 Apr 1102).� The publication of the testament of "comitis Barchinone�Raimundi Berengarii" dated 12 Nov 1076 names "duobus filiis suis�Raimundo Berengarii et Berengario Raimundi�filiam suam Sanciam" (the last named specified as unmarried)[381].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[382], Sancha de Barcelona was the second wife of Comte Guillem.� This appears chronologically difficult to sustain, and is disproved by the charter dated 1087 by which "Guillemus�Cerdaniensis comes" donated property to the monastery of Ripoll, subscribed by "Sancia comitissa"[383].� She is not named in her husband�s 7 Oct 1095 testament.� The testament of �Guillelmus Iordani...comes�, dated 13 Apr 1102, made bequests to �matri me� Sanci� comitiss�...�[384].� m (after 12 Nov 1076) as his third wife, GUILLEM RAMON Comte de Cerdanya i Berga, son of RAMON GUIFR� [I] Comte de Cerdanya i Berga & his wife Adelaida --- (-1095, after 7 Oct).�

RAMON BERENGUER [III] "el Grande" de Barcelona, son of RAMON BERENGUER [II] "Cap d'Estopes" Comte de Barcelona & his wife Mathilde di Apulia (11 Nov 1082-19 Jul 1131, bur Ripoll Monastery).� The Inquisitio circa comitatum Carcasson� names "Raimundus-Berengarii" as the son of "Raimundo-Berengarii�Cap-de-Stopes", specifying that he was born "in festo S Martini"[385].� He succeeded his uncle in [1097] as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, i Osona.� �Raymundus Berengarii Barchinonensis comes et marchio� donated property to the bishopric of Barcelona by charter dated 26 Jan 1108[386].�� Ramon Berenguer and his mother Mahalta issued a charter dated 6 Jun 1112[387].� He continued his predecessors' policy of territorial expansion, becoming Comte de Besal� following the death of his son-in-law in 1111, Comte de Provence by right of his third wife in 1113, conquering Mallorca from the Moors 1114-1115 (although he lost the latter shortly afterwards), and Comte de Cerdanya in 1117.� Bernard Atton [IV] d'Albi Vicomte de Carcassonne swore homage to him in 1112.� �Raymundus Berengarii�comes Barchinon�� donated �monasterium�sancti Petri de Gallicant� in Girona to �monasterio Crassensi�, on the advice of �Geraldi Pontii vicecomitis Gerundensis��, by charter dated 20 Jan 1117, subscribed by �Raimundi comitis Barchinonensis, Raimundi Berengerii, Berengerii et Bernardi filiorum eius, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius��[388].� The restoration of Tarragona began in 1118, the Pope designating Oleguer Bishop of Barcelona as archbishop of Tarragona.� Ramon Berenguer [III] signed a treaty of partition with the comte de Toulouse in 1125 concerning the territories in France.� He supervised the formulation of the feudal code which later became known as the Usatges, the first full compilation of feudal law in any west European state[389].� During his reign, the county of Barcelona became a papal fief[390].� The testament of "Raimundus Berengarii�Barchinonensis comes et marchio" dated [8 Jul] 1130 names "Aimericum fratrem meum" as one of his manumissores and names "Raimundo Berengarii filio meo�et filie mee ipsa de Castella et illa de Fuxo"[391].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records the death of "Raimundi-Berengarii comitis" in 1131 and his burial at "Rivipullense�Monasterium"[392].�

m firstly (before 1103) [as her second husband,] MAR�A [Sol] Rodr�guez, [widow of Infante don PEDRO de Arag�n y Navarra,] daughter of RODRIGO D�az de Vivar "el Cid Campeador" & his wife Jimena D�az (-[4 Aug 1104/before 1 Nov 1106]).� The "Cor�nicas" Navarras name "dona Cristiana�dona Maria" as the two daughters of "este meo �id" and his wife, stating that Mar�a married "el conte de Bar�alona"[393].� The primary source which confirms her supposed first marriage has not yet been identified, but the date of death of her supposed first husband appears incompatible with the date of the first charter in which she appears with her [second] husband.� Unless further primary source information comes to light, Mar�a�s supposed first marriage should be treated with caution.� Ramon Berenguer and his wife Maria granted property to a vassal by charter dated 1103[394].� Ramon Berenguer and his wife Maria donated property to the church of San Adrian "inmediata al rio Bes�s" by charter dated 4 Aug 1104[395].�

m secondly (before 1 Nov 1106) ALMODIS, daughter of --- (-[23 Nov 1111/3 Feb 1112]).� "Raymundus comes Barchinonensis" donated all that he had captured at Balagario to "uxori mea Almodis et filiis quos de ea habuero" by charter dated 1 Nov 1106[396].� Her parentage is not known.� A charter dated 26 Sep 1110 records that Ramon Berenguer was still childless by his marriage at that date[397].� "Raimundis Berengarii�marchio Barchionensium, princeps Ausonensium, comes vero Gerundensium atque Bisullunensium" donated property "ecclesiam Sancte Marie intra muros Bisullunensis" to Valence Saint-Rufus by charter dated 23 Nov 1111, signed by "Raimundi comitis, Meltis comitisse"[398].�

m thirdly (3 Feb 1112) DULCE [Dol�a] [I] Ctss de Provence Vicomtesse de Milhaud, de Gevaudan, et de Rodez, daughter of GIRBERT de G�vaudan Vicomte de Milhaud & his wife Gerberge Ctss de Provence ([1095/1100]-[28 Nov 1127/1130]).� The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinci� records that "Gilberto comite Provinci�" left his widow "Tiburgia�comitissa" and "Dulcia unica filia" and notes the latter's marriage to "Raymundus-Berengarii vulgo Cap-De stoupes�dictus, Comes Barcinon� in Catalonia"[399].� Her parentage is confirmed by the Vita Sancti Ollegarii which names �Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem filium fili� Roberti Guisardi principis Apuli�� and �Dulcia comitissa Provinci� uxor comitis�[400].�� Girberga comitissa� donated �comitatum...Provinci� et Gavaldanensis et Carladensis et...honorem...in comitatu Rutenensi�, which came to her �voce parentum meorum et largitione viri mei Girberti comitis patris tui�, to �Dulci� fili� me�� by charter dated 1 Feb 1112[401].� �Gerberga comitissa Arelatensis� granted �filiam meam in conjugium...Dulcem� to �Raymundo Berengarii comiti�, together with �omni honore meo et cum...honore qui fuit Girberti comitis patris puell��, by charter dated 3 Feb 1112[402].� �Dulcia Barchinonensis et Provinci� comitissa� granted �totum meum honorem quem habeo vel habere debeo per paternam sive maternam hereditatem vel alio modo in Provincia et in Rutenensi comitatu� to �comiti Raymundo� by charter dated Jan 1113[403].� "Raymondi comes Barchinonensis, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius, Raimundi et Berengarii filiorum suorum�" subscribed the charter dated [4/12] Feb 1114 under which "Bernardus Wilelmi�comes Ceritaniensis" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse[404].� �Raymundus Berengarii�comes Barchinon�� donated �monasterium�sancti Petri de Gallicant� in Girona to �monasterio Crassensi� by charter dated 20 Jan 1117, subscribed by �Raimundi comitis Barchinonensis, Raimundi Berengerii, Berengerii et Bernardi filiorum eius, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius��[405].� "Dultie comitisse" signed a charter of "domni Raimundi�comitis et marchionis Burchinone et Provintie" dated 7 Mar 1125[406].� Comte Ramon Bergenguer [III] and his wife Dulce signed a commercial agreement with the Genoese dated 28 Nov 1127[407].�

Comte Ramon Berenguer [III] & his first wife had one child:

1. --- de Barcelona ([1105/06]-[before 1112]).� The marriage contract of "Raymundus...Barchinonensis comes et marchio...filiam meam prolem Mari� Ruderici" and �Bernarde Bisuldunensis comes� is dated 1 Oct 1107 and provides �Ausonensem comitatum� as dowry[408].� Secondary sources usually show this daughter as having married Roger [III] Comte de Foix as her second husband.� For the reasons explained below, it is more likely that Comte Roger�s wife was a different daughter, born from her father�s third marriage.� Bofarull suggests that this unnamed daughter must have predeceased her husband, which justified her father taking the county of Besal� on the death of Comte Bernat [III][409].� m (contract 1 Oct 1107) BERNAT [III] Comte de Besal� i Ripoll, son of GUILL�M [II] "Trunus" Comte de Besal� i Ripoll & his wife Etiennette de Provence (-[1111/12]).�

Comte Ramon Berenguer [III] & his third wife had [eight] children:

2. RAMON BERENGUER [IV] de Barcelona (1113-San Dalmacio near Turin 6 Aug 1162, bur Monastery of Santa Mar�a de Ripoll).� "Raymondi comes Barchinonensis, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius, Raimundi et Berengarii filiorum suorum�" subscribed the charter dated [4/12] Feb 1114 under which "Bernardus Wilelmi�comes Ceritaniensis" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse[410].� �Raymundus Berengarii�comes Barchinon�� donated �monasterium�sancti Petri de Gallicant� in Girona to �monasterio Crassensi� by charter dated 20 Jan 1117, subscribed by �Raimundi comitis Barchinonensis, Raimundi Berengerii, Berengerii et Bernardi filiorum eius, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius��[411].� The testament of "Raimundus Berengarii�Barchinonensis comes et marchio" dated [8 Jul] 1130 names "Raimundo Berengarii filio meo�"[412].� He succeeded his father in 1131 as Comte de Barcelona, Cerdanya, Besal�, Girona i Osona.� Barcelona's territorial stability was threatened by Aragonese advances on L�rida and Tortosa, cut short by the death of Alfonso I King of Aragon in 1134.� His marriage eventually united the county of Barcelona and the kingdom of Aragon under a single ruler, although the two territories retained their separate political identities.� m (Barbastro 11 Aug 1137, consummated early 1151) Infanta do�a PETRONILA de Arag�n, daughter of RAMIRO II "el Monje" King of Aragon & his wife Agn�s d�Aquitaine ([Jul] 1136-Barcelona 17 Oct 1174, bur Barcelona, Church of the Holy Cross and Santa Eulalia).� The Brevi Historia Comitum Provinci� records the marriage of "Berengarius primogenitus filius�" of "Raymundus-Berengarii vulgo Cap-De stoupes�dictus, Comes Barcinon� in Catalonia" & his wife and "Petronill� fili� Ranemiri primo monachi�Aragonum regis"[413].�

-�� KINGS of ARAGON.

3. BERENGUER RAMON de Barcelona ([Dec 1113/Jan 1114]-murdered Melgueil Mar 1144).� "Raymondi comes Barchinonensis, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius, Raimundi et Berengarii filiorum suorum�" subscribed the charter dated [4/12] Feb 1114 under which "Bernardus Wilelmi�comes Ceritaniensis" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse[414], which must place the birth of Berenguer Ramon in late 1113 or early 1114, assuming that the charter is correctly dated.� �Raymundus Berengarii�comes Barchinon�� donated �monasterium�sancti Petri de Gallicant� in Girona to �monasterio Crassensi� by charter dated 20 Jan 1117, subscribed by �Raimundi comitis Barchinonensis, Raimundi Berengerii, Berengerii et Bernardi filiorum eius, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius��[415].� He succeeded his father in 1131 as Comte de Provence, Vicomte de Rodez, de G�vaudan et de Carladet.� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "fratre suo [=Raimundi Berengarii quarti] Berengario-Raimundi Provinci� Comite" who ruled the county of Provence was killed by pirates "in portu Malguriensi"[416].�

-�� COMTES de PROVENCE.�

4. BERNAT de Barcelona ([1115/16]-after 20 Jan 1117).� �Raymundus Berengarii�comes Barchinon�� donated �monasterium�sancti Petri de Gallicant� in Girona to �monasterio Crassensi� by charter dated 20 Jan 1117, subscribed by �Raimundi comitis Barchinonensis, Raimundi Berengerii, Berengerii et Bernardi filiorum eius, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius��[417].�

5. BERENGUELA de Barcelona ([1116]-Palencia 15/31 Jan 1149, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor).� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records the marriage of "Alfonso�king of Le�n" and "the daughter of Ram�n Conde de Barcelona�Berengaria" in 1128 at Salda�a[418].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium record the marriage of "Raimundi-Berengarii comitis�filiam" and "Ildefonso Toletano Imperatori"[419].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Berengariam atque Richam" as the wives of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis"[420].� The testament of "Raimundus Berengarii�Barchinonensis comes et marchio" dated [8 Jul] 1130 names "Raimundo Berengarii filio meo�et filie mee ipsa de Castella et illa de Fuxo"[421].� m (Salda�a Nov 1128) as his first wife, ALFONSO VII "el Emperador" King of Castile and Le�n, son of RAIMOND de Bourgogne [Comt�] Comte d�Amous Conde de Galicia & his wife Urraca Queen of Castile and Le�n ([Grajal], Galicia 1 Mar 1105-Fresneda 21 Aug 1157, bur Toledo, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a).

6. JIMENA de Barcelona ([1117/18]-after 1136).� The testament of "Raimundus Berengarii�Barchinonensis comes et marchio" dated [8 Jul] 1130 names "Raimundo Berengarii filio meo�et filie mee ipsa de Castella et illa de Fuxo"[422].� Her name is more recognisably reproduced in the charter dated Nov 1149 of her son "Roggerus-Bernardi comes Fuxensis, filius Roggerii et Xamini�"[423].� In most secondary sources, Jimena is shown as the daughter of her father�s first marriage and widow of Bernat [III] Conde de Besal�.� However, no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct and several reasons point to it being unlikely.� Firstly, if Jimena had been the widow of the last comte de Besal�, her second husband would presumably have had the right to claim the county in her name, and there appears to be no indication that he ever did this.� Secondly, the testament of her father names "filie mee�illa de Fuxo" after his daughter "ipsa de Castella".� This would normally indicate that the former was younger than the latter.� The only possible reason for reversing the order of his daughters would have been the supposed precedence of the queen of Castile over the comtesse de Foix.� However, no other example of this adjustment to the order of names in primary source documents has been found, except those justified by the supposed precedence of children holding ecclesiastical office over lay children.� Thirdly, Jimena would have named her daughter after her own mother.� Fourthly, the dates of marriage of Jimena�s two known children, in the 1150s, suggest that they were born in the 1130s, which is not inconsistent with Jimena having been born from her father�s third marriage.� This appears to be corroborated by the charter dated 26 Oct 1136 by which �Rogerius comes Fuxensis [et] Essena coniux ipsius� founded the commanderie of Ville-Dieu which refers to "infantes nostros"[424].� The date of the marriage of Comte Roger�s daughter Bradim�ne is inconsistent with this hypothesis, unless she was born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage, or was illegitimate, as is proposed in the document TOULOUSE NOBILITY.� The only factor which appears to indicate the co-identity of the two daughters is that Jimena could have been named after her maternal grandmother, mother of her father�s first wife.� However, the name was not uncommon in Spain at the time, and it is quite possible that Jimena was named after another relative.� Until further primary source data emerges which contradicts this hypothesis, it has been decided to show Jimena has her father�s daughter by his third marriage in this document.� m (before [8 Jul] 1130) ROGER [III] Comte de Foix, son of ROGER [II] Comte de Foix & his second wife Estefan�a de Besal� (-[1147/48]).��

7. [ESTEFANIA de Barcelona ([1118]-).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.� She is not named as one of the daughters of Comte Ramon Berenguer [III] by Bofarull[425].� m firstly (1128) as his second wife, CENTULE [II] Comte de Bigorre, son of CENTULE [V] Vicomte de B�arn & his second wife B�atrix Ctss de Bigorre (-[1128/30]).� m secondly ([1130]) RAYMOND ARNAUD [II] Vicomte de Dax, son of ARNAUD [Dat] [Seigneur de Mixe] & his wife Guirelda Vicomtesse de Dax (-[1167]).]�

8. MAHALTA de Barcelona .� Ramon Berenguer granted his unmarried daughter Mahalta "todo el honor que poseia desde Terrads hasta el rio Tec y Paladda", by charter dated 8 Jul 1130[426].� same person as�?� MAHALTA .� Bofarull suggests that she and her husband could be identified with "Guillelmo de Castellvell y su muger Mahalta" who sold half of "los mansos Curvera y Torre-Dala sitos en�el t�rmino de Castellvell" by charter dated 25 Jan 1131, given the short time which elapsed after the grant of her dowry and the fact that Guillem de Castellvell subscribed numerous charters of Comte Ramon Berenguer IV and his son King Alfonso II[427].� m ([8 Jul 1130/25 Jan 1131]) GUILLEM [IV] RAMON Senyor de Castellvell, son of --- (-[1166]).�

9. ALMODIS de Barcelona ([1126]-after 14 Mar 1175).� Ponce de Cevera abducted a daughter of Ramon Bergenguer [III] from the comital palace in Barcelona, in 1148 and married her[428].� Ponce de Cevera and his wife Adalmuz donated property to the Templarios by charter dated 15 Mar 1148[429].� "Almodis vicecomitissa Bassensis" freed serfs, for the soul of "mariti mei Pontii de Cervaria" and with the consent of "omnium filiorum meorum", by charter dated 19 Nov 1154, subscribed by "Ugoni filii eius, Poncii filii eius, Berengarii filii eius�"[430].� �Adalmus soror comes Barchinonensis...cum filiis meis Ugo et Poncius et Raimundus de Torrea Rubea genere meo et coniux eius Gaia filia mea� donated �alaudio infra terminos de Espulga de Tallad� to the monastery of Valldemaria by charter dated 28 Feb 1164[431].� "Ugo vicecomes de Bas" sold "vegeriam de Basso" to "Berengario de Puig Pardines et Raimundo patri tuo", with the consent of "Poncii fratris mei et Adalmus comitisse matris mee", by charter dated 14 Mar 1175, signed by "Ugonis vicecomitis de Bas, Poncii fratris eius, Adalmurs comitisse matris eorum�"[432].� m (1148) [as his second wife,] PONCE [II] de Cervera Vescomte de Bas, son of PONCE [I] de Cevera & his wife Beatriz de Besal� Vescomtesa de Bas (-before 19 Nov 1155).�

B.�� VESCOMTES de BARCELONA

The vescomtes de Barcelona have been studied by Jos� Enrique Ruiz-Dom�nec[433], who reproduces more than 200 charters relating to the family dated from the mid-10th to the late-12th centuries.�

1. GUITARD (-[985]).� "Guitardus" donated property to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 21 Sep 955[434].� Vescomte.� "Borrellus�comes et marchio cum coniuge Leudgardis chomitissa" sold the castle of Queralt to "Witardo vicecomite" by charter dated 15 Jul 976[435].� "Borrellus�chomes et marchio" sold property to "Unicfredo que vocant Amado" by charter dated 11 Jun 977, subscribed by "Ledgardis comitissa, Ansulfo, Vuitardus vicescomes�"[436].� m GERBERGA, daughter of --- (-after 28 Nov 1010).� The name of Guitard�s wife is not known.� However, "Geriberga vicecomitissa", who donated property "in Claromonte castro" to the monastery of Sant Cugat by charter dated 24 Nov 1005[437], has not otherwise been identified.� There appears to be no chronological difficulty if she was the widow of Guitard.� This appears to be confirmed by the charter dated 28 Nov 1010 which publishes the testament of "condom homo�Adalbertus filius condam Guitardi vicecomitis", which bequeathes property to "mater sua Gueriberga"[438].� However, it is not known whether Geriberga was also the mother of Guitard�s sons Udalard and Geribert.� Guitard & his wife had three children:�

a) UDALARD [I] (-after 30 May 1030).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.�� Vescomte de Barcelona.� "Udalardo vicecomiti et Arnulfi archidiaconi" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 11 Aug 990[439].� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 appoints "filio meo Raimundo comite�et Udalardo vicecomite cum fratre suo Girbert et Bonifilio cum fratre suo Bonucio" to "comitatu Barchinonense"[440].� "Odolardus�vicecomite et Suniefredus" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s, in accordance with the testament of "Vivani pontifici", by charter dated 24 Feb 1001[441].� "Odalardus�vicecomitis" granted property to "uxori mee Richilde vicecomitissa" by charter dated 5 Feb 1006[442].� "Adolardus vicecomes" subscribed the charter dated 29 Mar 1013 under which "Raimundus comes�cum coniuge mea Hermensindis" confirmed donations to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[443].� "Odolardus vicecomes�" subscribed the charter dated 29 Mar 1018 under which "Raimundus�comes�cum coniuge mea Ermessindis comitissa" confirmed donations to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[444].� A charter dated 30 May 1030 records a sale of property to "Odolardo vicescomite"[445].� m RIQUILDA de Barcelona, daughter of BORRELL [II] Comte de Barcelona & his first wife Ledgarda [de Toulouse] (-after 20 May 1041).� "El vizconde Odolardo y la vizcondesa Richilde su muger" donated property to Montserrat by charter dated 5 Mar 999[446].� "Odalardus�vicecomitis" granted property to "uxori mee Richilde vicecomitissa" by charter dated 5 Feb 1006[447].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified, although it is hinted at by the testament of her sister "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029, which appoints "�soror mea Richel�" as one of her helemosinarii[448].� It is also hinted at by the charter dated 26 May 1058 under which "Udalardus Bernardi�vicecomes" reached agreement with "domno Remudo comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�", the document naming "Remundi Borrelli comitis et avi iam dicti Udalardi" (although he was great-grandfather, not grandfather, of Vescomte Udalard [II][449].� "Richildis�vicecomitissa" granted property to "filio meo�Guisliberto episcopo" by charter dated 6 Mar 1041[450].� "Richillis vicecomitissa" sold property to "Bonifilius levita et fratri tuo Bonutius, prolis condam Vives" by charter dated 1 Mar 1041[451].� "Richildis�vicecomitissa" granted property to "filio meo�Guisliberto episcopo" by charter dated 6 Mar 1041[452].� "Domina vicecomitissa Rachelis cum filiis nostris�domnus Guisliberto pontifex et Iohannes de Mont [Serrad]" donated property by charter dated 20 May 1041[453].� Udalardo [I] & his wife had [four] children:�

i) BERNAT .� His parentage is suggested by the charter dated 19 [Dec 1039] which records a dispute between "domnum Reimundum comitem et�Guilabertum episcopum", names "Udalardo nepoti suo" and in another place in the text refers to another dispute between "Udalardus Bernardi" and "Reimundum comitem", although it is not entirely clear that these two passages refer to the same person[454].� Vescomte de Barcelona.� m ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- (-after [29 Jan 1063]).� Her marriage is indicated by the charter dated to [1053] under which "Udalardus filius que sum Ermengardis femin�" swore allegiance to "domne Almodi comitiss�, filia qu� fuisti Ameli� comitiss�"[455].� The document also indicates that Ermengarde was alive at that date.� Ermengarde was still alive in early 1058 as shown by the charter dated [17 Feb] 1058 under which "Udalardo filius qui sum Ermengardis femine" swore allegiance to "Guisliberto episcopo seniori meo filius qui fuisti Richillis vicecomitisse"[456], and in [29 Jan 1063] when "Udalardus, filius qui sum Ermengardis femin�" swore allegiance once more to Comte Ramon Berenguer[457].� Bernat & his wife had one child:�

(a) UDALARD [II] (-after 18 Jun 1077).� His parentage is suggested by the charter dated 19 [Dec 1039] which records a dispute between "domnum Reimundum comitem et�Guilabertum episcopum", names "Udalardo nepoti suo" and in another place in the text refers to another dispute between "Udalardus Bernardi" and "Reimundum comitem", although it is not entirely clear that these two passages refer to the same person[458].� Vescomte de Barcelona.�

-�� see below.�

ii) GUISLABERT [I] (-before 3 Jun 1062).� "Gilaberti levite et canonici [Barchinonensis] cathedralis ecclesie, filii Odolardi vicecomitis" donated property to the church of Barcelona by charter dated 8 Apr 1023[459].� Bishop of Barcelona [1034].� "Richildis�vicecomitissa" granted property to "filio meo�Guisliberto episcopo" by charter dated 6 Mar 1041[460].� "Domina vicecomitissa Rachelis cum filiis nostris�domnus Guisliberto pontifex et Iohannes de Mont [Serrad]" donated property by charter dated 20 May 1041[461].� "Gislabertus�Barchinonensis episcopus" sold "castrum�Fontaned" to "Odalardo vicecomiti nepoti meo" by charter dated 17 Feb 1058[462].� The testament of "Guislaberti episcopi" was published 3 Jun 1062, and bequeathes property to "Ermengaudo Iohannes suo nepoti�filium suum Mironem et�filiam suam Ermessindaem"[463].� Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Guislabert�s mistress is not known.� Guislabert [I] had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):�

(a) MIR� (-after 24 Sep 1060).� "Guislibertus�pontifex sanct� sedis Barchinone" granted property to "Ermesindam feminam filiam meam" by charter dated 5 Dec 1058, which names "fratri tuo Mironi"[464].� "Guislibertus episcopus" donated property to "dominam Guiliam et filiis suis Gondeballo et Arnallo et Raimundo" by charter dated 31 Oct 1060[465].� "Miro Guilaberti clericus, qui fui Guilaberti episcopi" sold property to "domn� Almodi comitiss�" by charter dated 24 Sep 1060[466].�

(b) ERMESINDE (-after 25 Jan 1067).� "Guislibertus�pontifex sanct� sedis Barchinone" donated property to "Ermesindam feminam filiam meam" by charter dated 5 Dec 1058, which names "fratri tuo Mironi" and refers to the children who Ermesinde may bear to "Reymundum Renardi" suggesting that the gift may have been her dowry[467].� "Guislibertus episcopus" donated property to "dominam Guiliam et filiis suis Gondeballo et Arnallo et Raimundo" by charter dated 31 Oct 1060[468].� "Ermesindis f�mina" sold property, bequeathed to her by "patris mei Guilaberti episcopi", to Comte Ramon Berenguer by charter dated 25 Jan 1067[469].� m (after 5 Dec 1058) RAMON Renardo, son of RENARDO & his wife --- (-before 25 Jan 1067).�

iii) JOAN (-[8 May 1049/14 Nov 1052]).� "Domina vicecomitissa Rachelis cum filiis nostris�domnus Guisliberto pontifex et Iohannes de Mont [Serrad]" donated property by charter dated 20 May 1041[470].� "Ioannes Udalardi" donated property to Trasver by charter dated 8 May 1049[471].� m ---.� The name of Joan�s wife is not known.� Joan & his wife had [two] children:�

(a) [GUIFRE (-[14 Nov 1052/3 Jun 1062]).� "Gislibertus�episcopus sancte sedis Barchinonensis" granted property to "Guifredus Iohannes" by charter dated 14 Nov 1052[472].� The document does not specify any relationship between the donor and donee, but it is possible that the latter was the nephew of the former.]�

(b) ARMENGOL (-after 3 Jun 1062).� The testament of "Guislaberti episcopi" was published 3 Jun 1062, and bequeathes property to "Ermengaudo Iohannes suo nepoti�filium suum Mironem et�filiam suam Ermessindaem"[473].�

iv) [ERMENGARDE ).� Ruiz-Dom�nec refers to her parentage and marriage (no source cited)[474].� m BERNAT de Santmart�, son of GUILLEM de Santmart� & his wife Adelaida ---.]�

b) GERIBERT (-after 26 Jun 1019).� "Geribertus vicecomes, filium Guitardi vicescomiti condam" donated property to the see of Barcelona by charter dated 2 Mar 986[475].� Vescomte de Barcelona.� "Gueriberto filius Guitardi vicecomitis" sold property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 18 Feb 992[476].� This is the only document so far identified which accords the title "vescomte" to Geribert.� The implication is that it was withdrawn from him shortly afterwards, presumably in a dispute with his brother Udalard about their inheritance.� The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 appoints "filio meo Raimundo comite�et Udalardo vicecomite cum fratre suo Girbert et Bonifilio cum fratre suo Bonucio" to "comitatu Barchinonense"[477].� "Geiriberto filio condam Witardo et uxori mea Ermengards" exchanged property with "Geiriberto filio condam Gotmar et uxori tua Aigo" by charter dated 26 Jun 997[478].� "Geriberto filio condam Guitardo et uxori mea Ermengarda" exchanged property with "Geriberto filio condam Gotmar et uxor tua Aigo" by charter dated 26 Jun 1019[479].� m ERMENGARDE de Barcelona, daughter of BORRELL [II] Comte de Barcelona & his first wife Ledgarda [de Toulouse] (-after 17 Oct 1029).� "Geiriberto filio condam Witardo et uxori mea Ermengards" exchanged property with "Geiriberto filio condam Gotmar et uxori tua Aigo" by charter dated 26 Jun 997[480].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� A charter dated 19 Dec 1015 relating to a sale of property names "Ermengardis filia condam Borrelli comitis" and "Geriberto" but does not expressly make the connection between the two[481].� "Geriberto filio condam Guitardo et uxori mea Ermengarda" exchanged property with "Geriberto filio condam Gotmar et uxor tua Aigo" by charter dated 26 Jun 1019[482].� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029, appoints "�soror mea Richel�" as one of her helemosinarii, bequeathes "Subiratis�castel" to "Mir filio meo" on condition he donates it to "sua nepota filia de Reimundo", donates property "pro anima de viro meo domnus Geribertus", bequeathes property to "Guillelm filio de Mir�Fulcus filio�nepta mea filia de Reimundo�Seniol per dominicatione de filia mea Guilla�Adalet filia de Mir"[483].� Geribert & his wife had [four] children:�

i) RAMON (-[26 Apr 1017/17 Oct 1029]).� A charter dated 26 Apr 1017, relating to a dispute between "Azalaudis uxor que fuit condam Gilelmi castri sancti Martini agens filii sui Bernardi" and the monastery of Sant Cugat del Vall�s, is subscribed by "�Raimundus proles Geriberti, Mironis frater istius Raimundi�"[484].� The document includes no indication of the identity of Geribert but the link with Mir�, known son of Geribert de Barcelona, suggests that Ramon may have been the son of Vescomte Geribert.� This hypothesis appears to confirmed by the testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029 which bequeathes "Subiratis�castel" to "Mir filio meo" on condition he donates it to "sua nepota filia de Reimundo" and makes another bequest to "nepta mea filia de Reimundo"[485].� If this is correct, Ramon must have died before the date of the testament.� The fact that his daughter is not named in the testament suggests that she must have been only recently born, which in turn indicates that Ramon must have died shortly before that date.� m ---.� The name of Ramon�s wife is not known.� Ramon & his wife had one child:�

(a) daughter (-after 17 Oct 1029).� Her parentage is confirmed by the testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029 which bequeathes "Subiratis�castel" to "Mir filio meo" on condition he donates it to "sua nepota filia de Reimundo" and makes another bequest to "nepta mea filia de Reimundo"[486].� The fact that this daughter is not named in the testament suggests that she must have been only recently born at that date.�

ii) MIR� (-[2 Jul 1058/29 Oct 1060]).� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029 bequeathes property to "Mir filio meo"[487].� "Mir, filius qui fui de Ermeniadis femina" swore allegiance to "Reimundo comite Barchinonensis�et�Heisabet comitisa" by charter dated to [Dec 1039][488].� He rebelled against Ramon Berenguer I Comte de Barcelona.� The revolt of Mir Geribert (who styled himself "prince of Ol�rdola") in 1040 was not finally suppressed until 1059[489].� A charter dated 4 Jul 1041 records the mediation of "Miro Geriberti princeps Olerdole" in a dispute involving the monastery of Santa Cec�lia de Montserrat, subscribed by "Mirone, Guile coniugis eiusdem�"[490].� "Guislibertus�sancte sedis Barchinonensis episcopus" donated property to "Mironi Geriberti et uxori tue Guilie et filio vestro Bernardo�clericus�sancte Crucis sancteque Eulalie" by charter dated 24 Nov 1041[491].� "Miro Geriberti et meaque coniux�Guisla nec non et filio nostro Bernardo clerico simulque Signuldus Guilelmi�elemosiniarius iam dicta Ermeniardis" donated property "quod fuit Ermeniardis condam matris mee vel Fulconis fratris mei" to the see of Barcelona by charter dated 17 Mar 1057[492].� A charter dated 1 Jul 1058 records the settlement of the claim by Ramon Berenguer Comte de Barcelona against "Mirone Geriberti" for his rebellion, which also names "uxor sua�Guilia�et Bernardus et Gondeballus filii illorum"[493].� "Domnus Remundus Barchinonensis comes et domna Almodis comitissa" granted "chastrum de Montbui" to "Mironi Geriberti et uxor eius Guil� et illi filio vel filiis illorum" by charter dated 2 Jul 1058[494].� �Miro Geliberti et uxor mea Guisla femina et filii nostri Bernardus [...per dimissionem avunculi mei Fulconis] et Gondeballus� donated �castrum...Portus...in territorio Barchinonensi a parte occidentali pr�dict� urbis� to �domno Raimundo Berengarii comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�� by charter dated 1 Jun 1059 subscribed by �...Udalardus vicecomes�[495].� The testament of "Mironis Geriberti" is published 29 Oct 1060, constitutes "Guilia uxori su�" as one of the distributores, bequeathes property to "uxori sue Guilie�Bernardum filium suum et�Arnallum filium suum�Gondeballo filio suo�Adalaidis filie sue [et] suum filium", providing that if Arnal died his share should be inherited by "Reimundo fratri suo" and if Ramon died, by "Gondeballum filium suum"[496].� m firstly (before 14 Mar 1024) DISPOSIA de Santmart�, daughter of GUILLEM de Santmart� & his wife Adelaida --- (-after 31 Mar [1025]).� Charters dated 14 Mar 1024 and 31 Mar [1025] record donations by "Miron Geriberto y su mugger Disposia" to Santa Cecilia de Montserrat[497].� The information available relating to these donations does not indicate whether "Miron Geriberto" was the same person as the son of Geribert and Ermengardis.� If this hypothesis is correct, she was the granddaughter of "Galindo" who is named in a charter dated 18 Mar 1033 which records the dispute between the monastery of San Cugat and "Mironem Geriberti, agentem tutelam filii sui Guilelmi" concerning "predio�Caldarium" which Mir� Geribert claimed belonged to "filii sui�per aprisionis vocem quam proavus suus Galindo fecerat"[498].� The charter dated 30 Jul 1033, which records judgment delivered in favour of the monastery in the dispute, also names "Galindo avus" of the children of Mir� Geribert and "Guilelmus filius eius�Adelaizis uxor predicti Guilelmi, aiens tutelam filiorum suorum"[499].� m secondly (before 17 Jan 1040) GUISLA, daughter of GOMBAU de Besora & his first wife Guisla --- (-after 6 Oct 1088).� A charter dated 17 Jan 1040 records an exchange of property between the abbot of Sant Cugat and "Mironi Geriberti et uxori tue�Guile"[500].� Her parentage is confirmed by the testament of "Gomballus", dated 16 Aug 1041, which names "Aurucia mulier mea�mulieri mee�Guisla [deceased]�filia mea�Guisla et�virum suum�Mir et�filium suum de Guisla�Bernard et Willelmum [archidiaconum] frater suum, nepotes Gomballi�filias meas Ermengards et Ermesends�Guisla nepta mea filia de Arbert"[501].� Her name suggests that she was probably born from her father�s first marriage.� This is confirmed by the charter dated to [1044] under which "Miro Geriberti, filius qui fui quondam Ermengardis femina et�Guilia filia qui fui alterius Guilie" confirmed a donation to Sant Miquel del Fai of property "post mortem Gonbald"[502].� "Guislibertus�sancte sedis Barchinonensis episcopus" donated property to "Mironi Geriberti et uxori tue Guilie et filio vestro Bernardo�clericus�sancte Crucis sancteque Eulalie" by charter dated 24 Nov 1041[503].� "Miro Geriberti et meaque coniux�Guisla nec non et filio nostro Bernardo clerico simulque Signuldus Guilelmi�elemosiniarius iam dicta Ermeniardis" donated property "quod fuit Ermeniardis condam matris mee vel Fulconis fratris mei" to the see of Barcelona by charter dated 17 Mar 1057[504].� A charter dated 1 Jul 1058 records the settlement of the claim by Ramon Berenguer Comte de Barcelona against "Mirone Geriberti" for his rebellion, which also names "uxor sua�Guilia�et Bernardus et Gondeballus filii illorum"[505].� �Miro Geliberti et uxor mea Guisla femina et filii nostri Bernardus [...per dimissionem avunculi mei Fulconis] et Gondeballus� donated �castrum...Portus...in territorio Barchinonensi a parte occidentali pr�dict� urbis� to �domno Raimundo Berengarii comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�� by charter dated 1 Jun 1059 subscribed by �...Udalardus vicecomes�[506].� The testament of "Mironis Geriberti" is published 29 Oct 1060, constitutes "Guilia uxori su�" as one of the distributores, bequeathes property to "uxori sue Guilie�"[507].� "Guislibertus episcopus" donated property to "dominam Guiliam et filiis suis Gondeballo et Arnallo et Raimundo" by charter dated 31 Oct 1060[508].� "Guilia femina, filia Gombaldi Bisorensi" donated property to Santa Maria de Solsona, for the soul of "viri mee Mironis Geriberti condam", by charter dated 6 Oct 1088[509].� Mir� Geribert & his [first] wife had two children:�

(a) GUILLEM (-[18 Mar 1033/19 Dec 1039]).� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029 bequeathes property to "Guillelm filio de Mir�"[510].� If the hypothesis suggested above about Mir� Geribert�s first marriage is correct, the chronology suggests that Guillem would have been born to his father�s first wife.� A charter dated 18 Mar 1033 records the dispute between the monastery of San Cugat and "Mironem Geriberti, agentem tutelam filii sui Guilelmi", concerning "predio�Caldarium" which Mir� Geribert claimed belonged to "filii sui�per aprisionis vocem quam proavus suus Galindo fecerat", judgment being issued in favour of the monastery by charter dated 30 Jul 1033[511].� His death is suggested by the charter dated 19 [Dec 1039] which records a dispute between "domnum Reimundum comitem et�Guilabertum episcopum" and refers to "morte de Guilelmo Mironis"[512].�

(b) ADELAIDA (-after 17 Oct 1029).� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029 bequeathes property to "�Adalet filia de Mir"[513].� If the hypothesis suggested above about Mir� Geribert�s first marriage is correct, the chronology suggests that Guillem would have been born to his father�s first wife.� The testament of "Mironis Geriberti" is published 29 Oct 1060 bequeathed property to "�Adalaidis filie sue [et] suum filium"[514].� The name of Adalaida�s husband is not known.� m ---.�

Mir� Geribert & his wife had four children:�

(c) BERNAT ([after 17 Oct 1029]-after 29 Oct 1060).� His parentage is confirmed by the testament of "Gomballus", dated 16 Aug 1041, which names "Aurucia mulier mea�mulieri mee�Guisla [deceased]�filia mea�Guisla et�virum suum�Mir et�filium suum de Guisla�Bernard et Willelmum [archidiaconum] frater suum, nepotes Gomballi�filias meas Ermengards et Ermesends�Guisla nepta mea filia de Arbert"[515].� The fact that he is not named in this document suggests that he was born recently before the date of the testament.� It is assumed that Bernat was born after the 17 Oct 1029 testament of his paternal grandmother, in which he is not named, unless he was an infant at that time and not considered old enough to be mentioned.� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 24 Nov 1041 under which "Guislibertus�sancte sedis Barchinonensis episcopus" donated property to "Mironi Geriberti et uxori tue Guilie et filio vestro Bernardo�clericus�sancte Crucis sancteque Eulalie"[516].� "Miro Geriberti et meaque coniux�Guisla nec non et filio nostro Bernardo clerico simulque Signuldus Guilelmi�elemosiniarius iam dicta Ermeniardis" donated property "quod fuit Ermeniardis condam matris mee vel Fulconis fratris mei" to the see of Barcelona by charter dated 17 Mar 1057[517].� A charter dated 1 Jul 1058 records the settlement of the claim by Ramon Berenguer Comte de Barcelona against "Mirone Geriberti" for his rebellion, which also names "uxor sua�Guilia�et Bernardus et Gondeballus filii illorum"[518].� "Bernardus Mironi�canonice sede sancte Crucis sancteque Eulalie virginis Barchinonensi" donated property, bequeathed to him by "avunculi mei Fulchoni", to the see of Barcelona by charter dated 16 May 1059[519].� �Miro Geliberti et uxor mea Guisla femina et filii nostri Bernardus [...per dimissionem avunculi mei Fulconis] et Gondeballus� donated �castrum...Portus...in territorio Barchinonensi a parte occidentali pr�dict� urbis� to �domno Raimundo Berengarii comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�� by charter dated 1 Jun 1059 subscribed by �...Udalardus vicecomes�[520].� The testament of "Mironis Geriberti" is published 29 Oct 1060 bequeathed property to "�Bernardum filium suum �"[521].�

(d) GOMBAU ([after 17 Oct 1029]-after 12 Sep 1067).� It is assumed that Gondebald was born after the 17 Oct 1029 testament of his paternal grandmother, in which he is not named, unless he was an infant at that time and not considered old enough to be mentioned.� A charter dated 1 Jul 1058 records the settlement of the claim by Ramon Berenguer Comte de Barcelona against "Mirone Geriberti" for his rebellion, which also names "uxor sua�Guilia�et Bernardus et Gondeballus filii illorum"[522].� �Miro Geliberti et uxor mea Guisla femina et filii nostri Bernardus [...per dimissionem avunculi mei Fulconis] et Gondeballus� donated �castrum...Portus...in territorio Barchinonensi a parte occidentali pr�dict� urbis� to �domno Raimundo Berengarii comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�� by charter dated 1 Jun 1059 subscribed by �...Udalardus vicecomes�[523].� The testament of "Mironis Geriberti" is published 29 Oct 1060 bequeathed property to "�Gondeballo filio suo�"[524].� "Guislibertus episcopus" donated property to "dominam Guiliam et filiis suis Gondeballo et Arnallo et Raimundo" by charter dated 31 Oct 1060[525].� "Domnum Gomballum filium Mironis Geriberti" reached agreement with "Reimundum Ysimbertum" concerning Erampruny� castle by charter dated 12 Sep 1067[526].�

(e) ARNAU MIR� ([after 17 Oct 1029]-after 13 Nov 1090).� It is assumed that Arnau Mir� was born after the 17 Oct 1029 testament of his paternal grandmother, in which he is not named, unless he was an infant at that time and not considered old enough to be mentioned.� The testament of "Mironis Geriberti" is published 29 Oct 1060 bequeathed property to "�Arnallum filium suum�", providing that if Arnal died his share should be inherited by "Reimundo fratri suo" and if Ramon died, by "Gondeballum filium suum"[527].� "Guislibertus episcopus" donated property to "dominam Guiliam et filiis suis Gondeballo et Arnallo et Raimundo" by charter dated 31 Oct 1060[528].� "Arnallo Mironis" reached agreement with "Berengario Reimundi" by charter dated 3 Jun 1074[529].� "Arnallus Mironis, filius qui fui Guilie femine" swore allegiance to Ramon Berenguer II Comte de Barcelona by charter dated to [1076][530].� "Arnallus Mironis sancti Martini" reached agreement with "Berengario Barchinonensium comiti" concerning the castles of Ol�rdola and Erampruny� by charter dated 13 Nov 1090[531]. �

(f) RAMON (-after 31 Oct 1060).� The testament of "Mironis Geriberti" is published 29 Oct 1060 bequeathed property to "�Arnallum filium suum�", providing that if Arnal died his share should be inherited by "Reimundo fratri suo" and if Ramon died, by "Gondeballum filium suum"[532].� "Guislibertus episcopus" donated property to "dominam Guiliam et filiis suis Gondeballo et Arnallo et Raimundo" by charter dated 31 Oct 1060[533].�

iii) FOLC (-before 16 May 1059).� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029, bequeathes property to "�Fulcus filio�"[534].� "Fulcho Geriberti" restored Ribes castle to the see of Barcelona by charter dated 27 Dec 1039, subscribed by "Mirone" (presumably his brother)[535].� "Bernardus Mironi�canonice sede sancte Crucis sancteque Eulalie virginis Barchinonensi" donated property, bequeathed to him by "avunculi mei Fulchoni", to the see of Barcelona by charter dated 16 May 1059[536].� �Miro Geliberti et uxor mea Guisla femina et filii nostri Bernardus [...per dimissionem avunculi mei Fulconis] et Gondeballus� donated �castrum...Portus...in territorio Barchinonensi a parte occidentali pr�dict� urbis� to �domno Raimundo Berengarii comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�� by charter dated 1 Jun 1059 subscribed by �...Udalardus vicecomes�[537].�

iv) GUISLA [de Sant Mart�] .� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029, bequeathes property to "�Seniol per dominicatione de filia mea Guilla�"[538], which suggests that Guisla was married to Seniol at that date although this is not expressly stated in the document.� "Gilla vicecomitissa" swore allegiance to "Reimundo comite Barchinonensis et�uxor tua Elisabet comitisa" by charter dated to [Dec 1039][539].� Her second marriage is indicated by the charter dated 11 Dec 1041 under which "Guiliam vicecomitissam�et filii sui quos habuit de Fulcho vicecomite"[540].� [m firstly (before 17 Oct 1029) SENIOL, son of ---.]� m [secondly] FOLC de Cardona, son of RAMON Vescomte de Cardona & his wife Enguncia --- (-30 Jan 1039).�

c) ADALBERT (-before 28 Nov 1010).� A charter dated 28 Nov 1010 publishes the testament of "condom homo�Adalbertus filius condam Guitardi vicecomitis", which bequeathes property to "mater sua Gueriberga"[541].� A dispute arose with the abbot of Sant Cugat concerning part of his inheritance, as shown by the charter dated 1 May 1011 which exposes differences between the abbot and "Geriberto" about "turrim�Mogia" bequeathed to the abbey by "Adalbertus frater istius Geriberti", Geribert claiming that it was "mea hereditas sive fratris mei sororisque mee"[542].� The dispute persisted, as shown by the charter dated 29 Jul 1011 which records the legal action which followed[543].�

d) daughter (-after 1 May 1011).� Her existence is confirmed by a charter dated 1 May 1011 which exposes differences between the abbot of Sant Cugat and "Geriberto" about "turrim�Mogia" bequeathed to the abbey by "Adalbertus frater istius Geriberti", Geribert claiming that it was "mea hereditas sive fratris mei sororisque mee"[544].�

UDALARD [II], son of BERNAT Vescomte de Barcelona & his wife --- (-after 18 Jun 1077).� His parentage is suggested by the charter dated 19 [Dec 1039] which records a dispute between "domnum Reimundum comitem et�Guilabertum episcopum", names "Udalardo nepoti suo" and in another place in the text refers to another dispute between "Udalardus Bernardi" and "Reimundum comitem", although it is not entirely clear that these two passages refer to the same person[545].� Vescomte de Barcelona.� "Udalardo vizconde, su mugger Guilla�" sold property to the abbot of Santa Cec�lia de Montserrat by charter dated 7 Feb 1049[546].� "Udalardus filius que sum Ermengardis femin�" swore allegiance to "domne Almodi comitiss�, filia qu� fuisti Ameli� comitiss�" by charter dated to [1053][547].� "Udalardo filius qui sum Ermengardis femine" swore allegiance to "Guisliberto episcopo seniori meo filius qui fuisti Richillis vicecomitisse" by charter dated [17 Feb] 1058[548].� "Gislabertus�Barchinonensis episcopus" sold "castrum�Fontaned" to "Odalardo vicecomiti nepoti meo" by charter dated 17 Feb 1058[549].� "Udalardus Bernardi�vicecomes" reached agreement with "domno Remudo comiti et domn� Almodi comitiss�" by charter dated 26 May 1058, which names "Remundi Borrelli comitis et avi iam dicti Udalardi"[550].� "Udalardus vicecomes�et uxor mea Guilia" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 18 Jun 1077, subscribed by "Guilabertus Udalardi vicecomes�"[551].� "Udalardus, Barchinonensis vicecomes et coniux mea�Guilia" granted property to "Andree Guilaberti" by charter dated 29 Jul 1083, signed by "Guilabertus Udalardi"[552].�

m (after May 1035) as her second husband, GUISLA, widow of BERENGUER RAMON [I] Comte de Barcelona, daughter of --- (-after 1079).� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[553], she was Guisla de Llu�a, daughter of Sunifred [II] Se�or de Llu�a i Villanova & his wife Ermesenda de Balsareny.� On the other hand Kerrebrouck states that the "third" wife of Berenguer Ramon [I] was "Guisle de Ampurias"[554].� The primary sources which corroborate these hypotheses have not yet been identified.� �Berengarius�Marchio Comes�cum uxore mea Guillia comitissa� donated property to Barcelona Santa Eulalia by charter dated to [1028][555].�� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� The testament of "Berengarii comiti et marchionis" dated 9 Feb 1035 names "uxorem meam Guiliam comitissam"[556].� Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter of her son Guillem, dated 1054, in which he names himself "filius�Guisl� femin�comitissa�nunc est vice comitissa propter maritum quem habuit post patris mei"[557].� "Udalardo vizconde, su mugger Guilla�" sold property to the abbot of Santa Cec�lia de Montserrat by charter dated 7 Feb 1049[558].� "Udalardus vicecomes�et uxor mea Guilia" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 18 Jun 1077, subscribed by "Guilabertus Udalardi vicecomes�"[559].�

Udalardo [II] & his wife had [five] children:�

1. GUISLABERT [II] (-after 15 Jun 1125).� "Udalardus vicecomes�et uxor mea Guilia" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 18 Jun 1077, subscribed by "Guilabertus Udalardi vicecomes�"[560].� Vescomte de Barcelona.� "Guislibertus vicecomes et mater sua" granted property to "Ermeniardis femina et filia tua Guilia femina et viro suo Rodebertus�Xalvino" by charter dated 24 Apr 1088, signed by "Guila vicechomitissa"[561].� "Guilaberti vicecomitis, Ermense vicecomitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Montserrat by charter dated 9 Jan 1089[562].� "Gilabertus vicecomes et coniux mea Ermessens vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Benet de Bages by charter dated 27 Sep 1090[563].� "Guilaberti Uzalardi vicecomes�" subscribed a charter dated 19 Feb 1098 under which "Remundus Berengarii comes Barchinonensis et marchio" confirmed the possessions of the monastery of Sant Cugat del Vall�s[564].� "Guilabertus Udalardi vicecomes Barchinonensis" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 15 Jun 1125[565].� m (before 9 Jan 1089) ERMESENDA, daughter of --- (-after 25 May 1116).� "Guilaberti vicecomitis, Ermense vicecomitissa" donated property to Santa Maria de Montserrat by charter dated 9 Jan 1089[566].� "Gilabertus vicecomes et coniux mea Ermessens vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Benet de Bages by charter dated 27 Sep 1090[567].� "Ermesendis" gave the castle of Collbat� to her children by charter dated 25 May 1116[568].� Guilaberto & his wife had four children:�

a) REVERTER [I] (-killed in battle [1142/44]).� His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 25 May 1135 which records a sale of property to "Reverter" which names "patris tui Girberti"[569].� Vescomte de Barcelona.� "Revertarius vicecomite Barchinona�cum Raimundo Fulcone de Cardona" reached agreement with Ramon Berenguer III Comte de Barcelona by charter dated to [1126][570].� "Reuertarius vicecomes Barchinonensis" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 27 Oct 1135, subscribed by "Bernardus vicecomes"[571].� "Revertarius vicecomite Barchinone et Berengarius filius meus" reached agreement with "Guillelmo nepote meo et consubrino de me Berengario" over "castru de Gaurdia" by charter dated 9 Nov 1135[572].� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris names "from Barcelona�Reverter" among those captured by "King Ali�[of] Marrakesh" during his campaigns in Andaluc�a, adding that he was placed in charge of the captured Christian knights[573].� Ibn-Khaldoun names "Ez-Zoborteir" as leader of the Christian militia of the Almoravid Sultan Techoufin in Morocco[574].� The same work records the involvement of "Ali ibn ez-Zoborteir" in Mallorca, with the comment that variations of the translation include "er-Robertin"[575].� An earlier translation of the same work translates the name as "Ali ibn-er-Robertin"[576].� Dozy suggests that the correct transliteration is "Reberter"[577].� The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records the death of "Reverter the leader of the captive Christian people�in the palace of King Tashufin"[578].� m ARSENDA, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 28 Jul 1157 under which "Berengarius Reverter, filius Arsendis femine" swore fidelity to Comte Ramon Berenguer IV[579].� Reverter [I] & his wife had one child:�

i) BERENGUER [I] (-after 28 Oct 1167).� "Revertarius vicecomite Barchinone et Berengarius filius meus" reached agreement with "Guillelmo nepote meo et consubrino de me Berengario" over "castru de Gaurdia" by charter dated 9 Nov 1135[580].� Vescomte de Barcelona.� "Berengarius vicecomes�cum coniuge mea Ermesendis" confirmed the donation to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by "proavus meus Udalardus vicecomes�avus meus Guilabertus Udalardi vicecomes" by charter dated 7 May 1155[581].� "Berengarius de ipsa Guardia, filius qui fui Reverterii vicecomitis" sold "castrum meum de�Guardia" to "domno Raimundo Berengarii Barchinonensium comiti" by charter dated 13 Mar 1157[582].� "Berengarius Revertarius vicecomes de ipsa Guardia et uxor mea Ermessendis" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 19 Jan 1159, signed by "Berengarii Revertarii vicecomitis, Ermessendis uxoris, Berenguer ben Reverter" (signed in Arabic) and "�Dulcie uxoris Guillelmi de Gardia"[583].� "Berengarius de la Guardia, filius Reverter" donated property to "Guillelmo Raimundi dapifero et filio tuo Guillelmo de Montcada" by charter dated 3 Apr 1160[584].� The testament of "Berengarius Revertarius" is dated 28 Oct 1167, before his journey to Morocco, bequeathes "castrum meum de ipsa Guardia et castrum de Apierola et castrum Novum et castrum de Granaria et castrum de Apiera" to "filio meo Berengario" under the guardianship of "Arberti de Castro Vetulo", and if he died without legitimate children "castrum de Gardia et castrum de Apiera" to "Guillelmo de Castro Vetulo consanguineo meo", subscribed by "�Berenguer ben Reverter (signed in Arabic)"[585].� A charter dated 11 Sep 1168 recognises a debt of Alfonso King of Aragon to "Berengario Reverter"[586].� "Berenguer Reverter de la Guardia" restored rights to Santa Maria de Montserrat, unjustly removed by "su padre Berenguer Reverter", by charter dated 6 Oct 1172[587].� m ERMESENDIS, daughter of --- (-[19 Jan 1159/28 Oct 1167]).� "Berengarius vicecomes�cum coniuge mea Ermesendis" confirmed the donation to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by "proavus meus Udalardus vicecomes�avus meus Guilabertus Udalardi vicecomes" by charter dated 7 May 1155[588].� "Berengarius Revertarius vicecomes de ipsa Guardia et uxor mea Ermessendis" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 19 Jan 1159[589].� Berenguer [I] & his wife had one child:�

(a) BERENGUER [II] (-[18 Oct 1187/2 Sep 1192]).� The testament of "Berengarius Revertarius", dated 28 Oct 1167, bequeathes "castrum meum de ipsa Guardia et castrum de Apierola et castrum Novum et castrum de Granaria et castrum de Apiera" to "filio meo Berengario" under the guardianship of "Arberti de Castro Vetulo"[590].� A charter dated 11 Sep 1168 recognises a debt of Alfonso King of Aragon to "Berengario Reverter"[591].� "Berenguer Reverter de la Guardia" restored rights to Santa Maria de Montserrat, unjustly removed by "su padre Berenguer Reverter", by charter dated 6 Oct 1172[592].� The testament of "Berengarius de Guardia" is dated 13 Apr 1183, before undertaking the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, bequeathes "castrum de Guardia" to "Arberto de Castro Veteri", and if he dies childless, to "Guillelmo de Guardia consanguineo meo", and "castro Apierole" to "Guillelmo de Monte Serrato consanguineo meo"[593].� Under a second testament of "Berengarius de Guardia", dated 18 Oct 1187 before leaving for Morocco, he bequeathes "castrum de Guardia et castrum d�Apiera" to "dominum Arberti de Castro Veteri", along with other bequests to other other beneficiaries whose relationship to the testator, if any, is not described[594].� A charter dated 2 Sep 1192 records the settlement of a dispute between Alfonso II King of Aragon and "Arbertum de Castro Veteri" concerning the estate of "Berengarii de Guardia"[595].�

Reverter had one [probably illegitimate] child by [an unknown mistress, probably a Muslim]:�

ii) BERENGUER bin Reverter ([Morocco] [1135/42]-killed in battle Ghomert, near Tunis 1187).� "�Berenguer ben Reverter" (signed in Arabic, different person from the donor) subscribed a charter dated 19 Jan 1159 under which "Berengarius Revertarius vicecomes de ipsa Guardia et uxor mea Ermessendis" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[596].� "�Berenguer ben Reverter" (signed in Arabic) also subscribed the testament of "Berengarius Revertarius" dated 28 Oct 1167[597].� Reverter was such an unusual name in contemporary Catalonian charters that there must be a connection with Vescomte Reverter [I].� It is very unlikely that this second Berenguer was the legitimate child of the vescomte given that the latter�s only known legitimate child was given the same name.� If it is correct that Berenguer was illegitimate, the arab name and the signature in Arabic suggest that his mother was Muslim.� Dozy records that "Reberter" (see above) left a Muslim son named "Abu-l-Hasan Ali ibn-ar-Reberter", who served the Almohads, was sent to Mallorca by Sultan Abu-Yakub Yusuf towards the end of his reign to fight the Almoravid Beni-Ghania family who ruled the island, was arrested during the campaign against Santarem in 1184, escaped, but was killed in battle at Ghomert, near Tunis in 1187[598].� It would appear that this was the same person named "Berenguer ben Reverter", present in Barcelona, in the documents dated 1159 and 1167.� It is assumed that he was born during his father�s period of captivity in Morocco.�

b) daughter .� Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 3 Jan 1146 which records an agreement between Ramon Berenguer IV Comte de Barcelona and "Guillelmum de Guardia vicecomitem" confirming the latter�s possession of "castelaniam de Apera" which "avus eius Guilabertus Udalardi�tenuit"[599].� m ---.� Two children:�

i) GUILLEM [I] de Gu�rdia (-[7 May 1155/7 May 1157], bur Montserrat Santa Maria).� "Revertarius vicecomite Barchinone et Berengarius filius meus" reached agreement with "Guillelmo nepote meo et consubrino de me Berengario" over "castru de Gaurdia" by charter dated 9 Nov 1135[600].� Regent of the vescomtat de Barcelona 1135.� "Revertarius vicecomite Barchinonense" donated the castle of Gu�rdia to "Guillelmo de Guardia nepote meo" by charter dated 22 Jun 1139, signed by "Berenger filii mei, Berenger de Guardia�"[601].� Vescomte.� A charter dated 3 Jan 1146 records an agreement between Ramon Berenguer IV Comte de Barcelona and "Guillelmum de Guardia vicecomitem" confirming the latter�s possession of "castelaniam de Apera" which "avus eius Guilabertus Udalardi�tenuit"[602].� "Guielmi de Guardia, Dulcia coniugis eius" subscribed the charter dated 7 May 1155 under which "Berengarius vicecomes�cum coniuge mea Ermesendis" confirmed a donation to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[603].� The testament of "don Guillem de la Guardia", published 7 May 1157, appointed "sus albaceas�su mugger do�a Dulcia [y] don Raymundo de Peguera su sobrino, y don Bernardo Armengol", elected burial "en Santa Maria de Montserrat", appointed "su hijo Ferrer" as his heir and if he died childless "su hija Guillelma", and left his children "en la tutela de�Bernardo Raymundo de Manresa, su suegro"[604].� m DULCIA, daughter of RAMON de Manresa & his wife --- (-after 19 Jan 1159).� "Guillelmus de Guardia et uxor sua Dulcia et Bernardus de Rochafort et uxor sua Beatrice" recorded an agreement by charter dated 24 Mar 1150[605].� Her parentage is confirmed by the testament of "don Guillem de la Guardia", published 7 May 1157, which left his children "en la tutela de�Bernardo Raymundo de Manresa, su suegro"[606].� The prior of Montserrat donated property to "don Guillelmo de la Guardia y a su mugger do�a Dulcia" by charter dated 24 Mar 1154[607].� "Guielmi de Guardia, Dulcia coniugis eius" subscribed the charter dated 7 May 1155 under which "Berengarius vicecomes�cum coniuge mea Ermesendis" confirmed a donation to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[608].� "Berengarius Revertarius vicecomes de ipsa Guardia et uxor mea Ermessendis" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 19 Jan 1159, signed by "�Dulcie uxoris Guillelmi de Gardia"[609].� Guillem & his wife had two children:�

(a) FERRER (-after 7 May 1157).� The testament of "don Guillem de la Guardia", published 7 May 1157, appointed "su hijo Ferrer" as his heir and if he died childless "su hija Guillelma", and left his children "en la tutela de�Bernardo Raymundo de Manresa, su suegro"[610].�

(b) GUILLELMA (-after 7 May 1157).� The testament of "don Guillem de la Guardia", published 7 May 1157, appointed "su hijo Ferrer" as his heir and if he died childless "su hija Guillelma", and left his children "en la tutela de�Bernardo Raymundo de Manresa, su suegro"[611].�

ii) [daughter] .� m ---.� One child:�

(a) RAMON de Peguera (-after 7 May 1157). �The testament of "don Guillem de la Guardia", published 7 May 1157, appointed "sus albaceas�su mugger do�a Dulcia [y] don Raymundo de Peguera su sobrino�"[612].�

c) ERMESENDA .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 12 Mar 1113 under which "El vizconde Guilaberto, junto con sus hijos Pedro Udalardo y Berenguer Udalardo" donated the castle of "Collum Betoni" to "su hija Ermesendis y a su marido Bartholome"[613].� m (befote 12 Mar 1113) BARTOLOMEO, son of ---.�

d) ARSENDA .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 30 Apr 1125 under which "Guilabertus�Barchinonensium vicecomes" granted property to "Arsendis filie mee et Guillelmus Raimundi viro tuo"[614].� It is assumed that "Arberti de Castro Vetulo" and "Guillelmo de Castro Vetulo consanguineo meo", named in the testament of "Berengarius Revertarius" dated 28 Oct 1167[615], were descendants of Arsenda and her husband.� m (before 30 Apr 1125) GUILLEM RAMON, son of RAMON & his wife ---.�

2. [BERNAT UDALARD (-after 31 Aug 1100).� "Berengarius Remundi et Ramundus Berengarii nepos meus, comites Barchinonensi" donated property to "Bernardus Udalardi et uxori tue Persedia femina" by charter dated 23 Aug 1090[616].� "Guilaberto vizconde, hijo de Udalardo tambien vizconde y su mujer Ermesendis vizcondesa" donated property to Santa Cec�lia de Montserrat, with the consent� of "Bernardi Udalardi", by charter dated 28 Nov 1090[617].� "Bernardo Udalardo uxorique mee Persedie femine" donated property to "Martino genere nostro uxorique tue Adalezis filie nostre" by charter dated 10 Apr 1095, subscribed by "Bernardi filius prescriptos donatores"[618].� "Bernardus Udalardus" recognised debts towards "Martinus genere meo et uxor tua Azalaidis filia mea" by charter dated 1 Jan 1098[619].� m firstly [as her second husband,] PERSIDIA, [widow of ---,] daughter of RAMON & his wife --- (-before 31 Aug 1100).� "Berengarius Remundi et Ramundus Berengarii nepos meus, comites Barchinonensi" donated property to "Bernardus Udalardi et uxori tue Persedia femina" by charter dated 23 Aug 1090[620].� "Bernardo Udalardo uxorique mee Persedie femine" donated property to "Martino genere nostro uxorique tue Adalezis filie nostre" by charter dated 10 Apr 1095, subscribed by "Bernardi filius prescriptos donatores"[621].� Her father�s name is deduced from the testament of her daughter "Azalaidis", published 19 Jun 1102, which names "avunculos suos Arnallo Raimundi et Guillelmi Raimundi"[622].� Her first marriage is suggested by the testament of "Alazadis uxor Martini Petiti", dated 13 Aug 1114, which names "filiis matris mee Perside�fratri meo Berengario"[623].� m secondly (before 31 Aug 1100) EG, daughter of ---.� "Bernardus Udalardi" donated property to "Ege femine uxori mee" by charter dated 31 Aug 1100[624].� Bernat & his first wife had two children:�

a) BERNAT (-after 10 Apr 1095).� "Bernardo Udalardo uxorique mee Persedie femine" donated property to "Martino genere nostro uxorique tue Adalezis filie nostre" by charter dated 10 Apr 1095, subscribed by "Bernardi filius prescriptos donatores"[625].�

b) ADELAIDA (-after 13 Aug 1114).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 10 Apr 1095 under which "Bernardo Udalardo uxorique mee Persedie femine" donated property to "Martino genere nostro uxorique tue Adalezis filie nostre"[626].� "Bernardus Udalardus" recognised debts towards "Martinus genere meo et uxor tua Azalaidis filia mea" by charter dated 1 Jan 1098[627].� The charter dated 31 Aug 1100, under which "Bernardus Udalardi" donated property to "Ege femine uxori mee", describes the property in question in relation to "domibus Martin Petit et filie mee Azalaidis"[628].� The testament of "Azalaidis", published 19 Jun 1102, bequeathes property to "filius suos�Guillelmum et Raimundum" and names "avunculos suos Arnallo Raimundi et Guillelmi Raimundi"[629].� The testament of "Alazadis uxor Martini Petiti" is dated 13 Aug 1114 and names "filiis matris mee Perside�fratri meo Berengario"[630].� m (before 10 Apr 1095) as his first wife, MART� Petit, son of ---.�

3. [PERE UDALARD (-after 14 Mar 1118).� "El vizconde Guilaberto, junto con sus hijos Pedro Udalardo y Berenguer Udalardo" donated the castle of "Collum Betoni" to "su hija Ermesendis y a su marido Bartholome" by charter dated 12 Mar 1113[631].� Their patronymics indicate that Pere and Berenguer were sons of Vescomte Udalard.� "Bernardus vicecomes, Petri Udalardi, Berengarii Udalardi�" subscribed the charter dated 14 Mar 1118 under which "Raimundus Berengarii�chomes Barchinonensis et uxor mea Dulcia comitissa" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[632].�

4. [BERENGUER UDALARD (-after 14 Mar 1118).� "El vizconde Guilaberto, junto con sus hijos Pedro Udalardo y Berenguer Udalardo" donated the castle of "Collum Betoni" to "su hija Ermesendis y a su marido Bartholome" by charter dated 12 Mar 1113[633].� Their patronymics indicate that Pere and Berenguer were sons of Vescomte Udalard.� "Bernardus vicecomes, Petri Udalardi, Berengarii Udalardi�" subscribed the charter dated 14 Mar 1118 under which "Raimundus Berengarii�chomes Barchinonensis et uxor mea Dulcia comitissa" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[634].�

5. [ERMENIARDIS (-after 24 Apr 1088).� "Guislibertus vicecomes et mater sua" granted property to "Ermeniardis femina et filia tua Guilia femina et viro suo Rodebertus�Xalvino" by charter dated 24 Apr 1088, signed by "Guila vicechomitissa"[635].� The document does not specify any relationship between the donor and donee, but the editor of the compilation states that she was his sister.� The primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified.� m ---.� One child:�

a) GUISLA (-after 24 Apr 1088).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 24 Apr 1088 under which "Guislibertus vicecomes et mater sua" granted property to "Ermeniardis femina et filia tua Guilia femina et viro suo Rodebertus�Xalvino"[636].� m ROBERTO Xalvino, son of --- (-after 24 Apr 1088).�

1. BERNAT .� "Bernardi�vicecomitis�" subscribed the charter dated [Oct/Nov] 1114 under which "Raimundus comes et marchio et coniux mea Dulcia" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s[637], and "Bernardus vicecomes�" subscribed a similar charter dated 14 Mar 1118[638].�

Chapter 3. BESAL�

A.�� COMTES de BESAL� 988-1111

The county of Besal� was located in the interior of Catalonia, south-east of the county of Cerdanya and north of the counties of Osona and Barcelona.� The comtes de Cerdanya were also comtes de Besal� until the separation of the two counties after the death in 988 of Comte Oliba [II], father of Comte Bernat [I] who is shown below.� The last male descendant of the family died childless in 1111, when Ramon Berenguer [III] Comte de Barcelona became Comte de Besal� in accordance with arrangements made a few years earlier when the last count married Ramon Berenguer�s daughter.�

BERNAT [I] "Tallaferro" de Cerdanya, son of OLIBA [II] "Cabreta" Comte de Cerdanya i Besal� & his wife Ermengarda [de Emp�ries] (-after [26 Sep/13 Oct] 1020, bur Ripoll).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Bernardum, Olibam et Guiffredum" as the three sons of "Olibano Cabret�", specifying that "Bernardus filius eius" succeeded "in comitatu Bisulduni"[639].� �Miro�Comes atque Episcopus� granted �ecclesiam sancti Vincentii� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi�, with the consent of �Ermengard� comitiss� et filio eis Bernardo�, by charter dated 12 Apr 977[640].� "Oliba comes et coniux mea Ermengards" donated property to Sant Lloren� de Bag� by charter dated 15 Jan 981, subscribed by "Bernardus prolis, Wifredus prolis, Oliba prolis�"[641].� He succeeded his father in 988 as Comte de Besal� i Ripoll.� A charter dated 988 records that "Bernardus comes cum filio suo Guilliermo et�Guifredus frater eius" were left under the protection of the Pope by "pi� memori� patre Oliba comite"[642].� "Ermengardis�comitissa cum suo prole Olibane" granted property to "Oriolo�in comitatu Bergitano" by charter dated 30 Jul 990, subscribed by "Bernardus�comes"[643].� �Bernardus comes et uxor mea Tota� donated property �in comitatu Bergitano in valle...Merles� to Ripoll Santa Maria by charter dated 11 Apr 997[644].� �Auredo et uxor mea Senvira� sold vines �in comitatum Rusolionense� to �Bernardo comite� by charter dated 14 Apr 1001[645].� �Bernardus...chomes et uxori se Tota que vocant Adalez, chomitissa� sold property �in chomitatum Ausona...Lasez� to �Ardman� by charter dated [24 Jun 1004/23 Jun 1005][646].� "Bernardus�chomes et uxori sue Tota que vocant Adalez" sold property "in chomitatum Ausona in�Lasez" to Ripoll Sant Joan, except half of the castle which "condam Bonefilius" had bought from "Gaucefredo", by charter dated 1006[647].� "Bernardus�comes" donated "castellum�Talteuul" to "filio meo Guillelmo", and if he died to "fratrem tuum", and if the latter died to "nepotem meum Arnallum", by charter dated 10 Jul 1011, subscribed by "�Oliba vice comes�"[648].� �Bernardus...comes� confirmed the property of the bishopric of Besalu by charter dated Feb 1017, subscribed by �Bernardi...comes, Tot� comitiss�, Vuillelmi...Dalmachii vicecomes Bisulduni...Vuilelmi vicecomitis Asperiensis, Petroni vicecomitis Fenoliotensis...�[649].� "Guillermo de Besal� y su esposa Adelaiza" donated property to the church of San Genesio, Besal� by charter dated 3 May "XXXI regni Roberto regis" (1018 or 1027), signed by "Adalaiza, Guillelmus vice comes�"[650].� A charter dated 29 Aug 1019 records the judgment, in the presence of "dompno Bernardo comite et fratre suo dompno Gifredo", in favour of "Seniofredo vicecomite" relating to the church of Santa Coloma del Conflent which had been held by "Bernardo vicecomite vel a filio suo Seniofredo vicecomite"[651].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "Bernardus" was drowned in the River Rh�ne in 1020 and buried "ad Rivipollo Monasterium"[652].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 1020 of �Bernardus comes�[653].� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names �filio suo Asenrico�filium suum Ugonem�filium suum Berengarium�filia sua Adalai�filia sua Constancia�uxore sua Tota�filium suum Guillelmum�Oliva frater suus[654].� A charter dated 13 Oct 1020 publishes the testament of "Bernardo condam comite", witnessed by "Wifredus comes�Tota comitissa", names "filio [suo] Wilielmo�filium suum Ugonem�filio suo Biringario�nepotem suum qui comes fuit de Cerdania Aienrichus�filius suus�fratribus suis Wifredo et Olibane" and leaves "filios�suo Aienrico et Ugone et Berengario�in tuicione" to "Wilielmo filio suo"[655].�

m ([992]) TODA [Adelaida], daughter of --- (-after 13 Oct 1020).� �Bernardus comes et uxor mea Tota� donated property �in comitatu Bergitano in valle...Merles� to Ripoll Santa Maria by charter dated 11 Apr 997[656].� "Bernardus comes et uxori mee�Tota que vocant Azalatz" donated property to Santa Maria del Castell de Besal� by charter dated 27 Mar 1000[657].� �Bernardus...chomes et uxori se Tota que vocant Adalez, chomitissa� sold property �in chomitatum Ausona...Lasez� to �Ardman� by charter dated [24 Jun 1004/23 Jun 1005][658].� "Bernardus�chomes et uxori sue Tota que vocant Adalez" sold property "in chomitatum Ausona in�Lasez" to Ripoll Sant Joan, except half of the castle which "condam Bonefilius" had bought from "Gaucefredo", by charter dated 1006[659].� "Bernardus�comes et eius conniunx�Adalez prolique eorum Wielmo" donated property to Santa Maria del Castell de Besal� by charter dated 7 May 1012[660].� �Bernardus...comes� confirmed the property of the bishopric of Besalu by charter dated Feb 1017, subscribed by �Bernardi...comes, Tot� comitiss�, Vuillelmi...Dalmachii vicecomes Bisulduni...Vuilelmi vicecomitis Asperiensis, Petroni vicecomitis Fenoliotensis...�[661].� "Bernardus�comes et uxor mea Tota comitissa que vocatur Adalet et filius meus Wielmus" donated property to Santa Maria del Castell de Besal� by charter dated 1 Mar 1018[662].� "Guillermo de Besal� y su esposa Adelaiza" donated property to the church of San Genesio, Besal� by charter dated 3 May "XXXI regni Roberto regis" (1018 or 1027), signed by "Adalaiza, Guillelmus vice comes�"[663].� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names ��uxore sua Tota�[664].� A charter dated 13 Oct 1020 publishes the testament of "Bernardo condam comite", witnessed by "Wifredus comes�Tota comitissa"[665].� She is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[666] as the possible daughter of Guillaume II Comte de Provence but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified.� [An alternative family origin is provided by Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy which records that �Bernat Trencaferro comte de Besal�� married �Alispesa filla �nica de Guillem vescomte de Querforadat�[667].� No primary source has been found which corroborates this supposed family origin.]�

Bernat [I] & his wife had [eight] children:�

1. GUILLEM [I] de Besal� (-1052, bur Ripoll).� A charter dated 988 [maybe misdated] records that "Bernardus comes cum filio suo Guilliermo et�Guifredus frater eius" were left under the protection of the Pope by "pi� memori� patre Oliba comite"[668].� "Bernardus�comes" donated "castellum�Talteuul" to "filio meo Guillelmo", and if he died to "fratrem tuum", and if the latter died to "nepotem meum Arnallum", by charter dated 10 Jul 1011, subscribed by "�Oliba vice comes�"[669].� �Bernardus...comes� confirmed the property of the bishopric of Besalu by charter dated Feb 1017, subscribed by �Bernardi...comes, Tot� comitiss�, Vuillelmi...Dalmachii vicecomes Bisulduni...Vuilelmi vicecomitis Asperiensis, Petroni vicecomitis Fenoliotensis...�[670].� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names �filio suo Asenrico�filium suum Ugonem�filium suum Berengarium�filia sua Adalai�filia sua Constancia�filium suum Guillelmum�[671].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guillelmum�Bernardi cognominatum Grassum" as son of "Bernardus", specifying that he succeeded his father "in comitatu Bisulduni"[672].� "Bernardus�comes et eius conniunx�Adalez prolique eorum Wielmo" donated property to Santa Maria del Castell de Besal� by charter dated 7 May 1012[673].� "Bernardus�comes et uxor mea Tota comitissa que vocatur Adalet et filius meus Wielmus" donated property to Santa Maria del Castell de Besal� by charter dated 1 Mar 1018[674].� He succeeded his father in 1020 as Comte de Besal� i Ripoll.� "Willelmus�comes et uxori me� Girberga comitisa" sold property "in comitatu Bisuldense" to "Johanne et uxori tu� Adalaiz" by charter dated 22 Mar 1020, subscribed by "Sonifredus judex, Ademar, Helisiar vices-comite�"[675].� "Wilelmus comes" confirmed the privileges of the monastery of Sant Pere de Besal� by charter dated 5 Nov 1029, subscribed by "Adalaizis comitissa, Wilielmus vicescomes�Bernardus comes Bisullenensis proles Wilielmi comitis�"[676].� "Willelmus�comite" sold property "in comitatu Bisillunense in terminio Letonense vel de Sancti Martini" to "Gaucbertus Seniofredus" by charter dated 25 Mar 1031[677].� �Guilielmus...comes et Adaleiz comitissa� sold property �in comitato Bisullunense infra parrochia Sancti Micaelis de Septemcasas� to �Remum et uxori sue...Amaltrud� by charter dated 19 Oct 1032[678].� "Guillelmus�comes�in castro Bisulduno" renounced jurisdiction over the monastery of Sainte-Marie d�Arles ("Sancte Arulensis Marie"), referring to "avii mei bone memorie comitis Oliva", and agreed that "Bernardus filius de supradicti comitis" should enter the monastery, by charter dated 5 Apr 1033, subscribed by "Adalaicis�comitissa, Berengarius Reynardus, Berengarius frater comitis�"[679].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "in comitatu Bisulduni�comes Guillelmus Bernardi, cognominatus Grassus" ruled his county for 33 years, died in 1052 and was buried "in Monasterio Rivipulli" with his father[680].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 1052 of �Guillelmus comes Bisull.�[681].� m (before 30 Mar 1020) ADELAIDA [Gerberga], daughter of --- (-after 16 Dec 1036).� "Willelmus�comes et uxori me� Girberga comitisa" sold property "in comitatu Bisuldense" to "Johanne et uxori tu� Adalaiz" by charter dated 22 Mar 1020, subscribed by "Sonifredus judex, Ademar, Helisiar vices-comite�"[682].� "Willelmo�comes et uxori sue Adalais" donated property to Santa Maria del Castell de Besal� by charter dated 30 Mar 1020[683].� The date of death of the couple�s second son, estimated to [1100], suggests that Guillem and Adelaida must have married only shortly before the date of this charter.� Another possibility is that Guillaume married twice, firstly to Gerberga and secondly to Adelaida, assuming that the charter dated 30 Mar 1020 is misdated.� "Willelmo�comitte et uxoris sue Adalais" donated property to Santa Maria del Castell de Besal� by charter dated 22 Apr 1026[684].� "Wilelmus comes" confirmed the privileges of the monastery of Sant Pere de Besal� by charter dated 5 Nov 1029, subscribed by "Adalaizis comitissa�"[685].� �Guilielmus...comes et Adaleiz comitissa� sold property �in comitato Bisullunense infra parrochia Sancti Micaelis de Septemcasas� to �Remum et uxori sue...Amaltrud� by charter dated 19 Oct 1032[686].� "Guillelmus�comes�in castro Bisulduno" renounced jurisdiction over the monastery of Sainte-Marie d�Arles ("Sancte Arulensis Marie"), referring to "avii mei bone memorie comitis Oliva", and agreed that "Bernardus filius de supradicti comitis" should enter the monastery, by charter dated 5 Apr 1033, subscribed by "Adalaicis�comitissa, Berengarius Reynardus, Berengarius frater comitis�"[687].� �Willelmus...comes simul cum coniuge mea Azaleiz et filio meo Bernardo� settled a dispute with the monastery of Santa Maria Arulas by charter dated 16 Dec 1036, subscribed by �...Raymundus vicecomes...�[688].� Guillem [I] & his wife had three children:�

a) GUILLEM [II] "Trunus" de Besal� (-murdered [1066/25 Jan 1070]).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guillelmum�Trunnum�et Bernardum Guillelmi" as the two sons of "in comitatu Bisulduni�comes Guillelmus Bernardi, cognominatus Grassus"[689].� "Wilelmus comes" confirmed the privileges of the monastery of Sant Pere de Besal� by charter dated 5 Nov 1029, subscribed by "Adalaizis comitissa, Wilielmus vicescomes�Bernardus comes Bisullenensis proles Wilielmi comitis�"[690].� He succeeded his father in [1052] as Comte de Besal� i Ripoll.� "Guilielmus comes filius Adalaiz" promised "Guifredum archiepiscopum filium Guisle comitiss�" not to disturb church property by charter dated to [1053][691].� A charter dated 11 Sep 1054 records an agreement between "Remundum comitem Barchinonensem filium Sancie comitisse" and "Guilelmum comitem Bisuldunensem filium Adalezia comitisse", relating to "castris de Finestris sive de Castro Coltort" which "Berengarius comes filius Ermessendis comitisse" had granted to "comitem Guilelmum de Bisulduno filium de Tota comitissa", in the presence of "Petri Remundi comitis Biterrensis et Remundi Berengarii vicecomitis filii de Narbona�"[692].� �Willelmus comes Bisulunensis� donated property to the church of Girona by charter dated 26 May 1055, witnessed by �Ermisindis comitissa�Raymundus comes��[693].� Betrothed (1054) to LUCIE de la Marche, daughter of BERNARD Comte de la Marche & his wife Amelia ---.� An undated charter, dated to [1054], records that Guillem [II] Comte de Besal� agreed to marry "Lucia hermana de�la condesa Almodis"[694].� The marriage contracts between "Willelmus�comes Bisullinensis" and "Lucie sponse mee" are dated 11 Dec 1054, one charter agreed by "Remundum comitem Barchinonensem et Adalmus comitissa"[695].� m (after 1054) ESTEFANIA, daughter of --- (-[1085]).� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1084] under which her son "Bernardus Besaldunensis comes filius qui fui Stephani�" swore homage to "Aymerico vicecomiti Narbon� filio qui fuisti Fidis"[696].� Szabolcs de Vajay proposed in 1962 that she was Etiennette de Provence, daughter of [Geoffroy [I] Comte de Provence & his wife Etiennette [Douce] ---][697].� Edouard de Saint-Phalle highlighted in 2004 that this theory was never supported by any documentary evidence[698].� Guillem [II] & his wife had three children:�

i) BERNAT [III] de Besal� (-[1111/12]).� He succeeded his father in [1066/70] as Comte de Besal� i Ripoll.� "Bernardus�comes Bisuldunensis" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 28 Dec 1070, subscribed by "Raimundi vicecomitis Cardonensis�"[699].� "Bernardus Bisuldunensium comes" donated property "monasterium sancti Petri�in castro Bisuldunensi" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 8 Aug 1080[700].� "Bernardus Besaldunensis comes filius qui fui Stephani�" swore homage to "Aymerico vicecomiti Narbon� filio qui fuisti Fidis", by charter dated to [1084][701].� A charter dated 3 Nov 1087 records an agreement between "comitem Bisinduni�Bernardum" and "fratrem eius Gauzfredum" under which the latter promised support if the counts of Roussillon, Peralada and Ampurias made war[702].� "Guillelmus Ugonis filius qui fuit Sancia femina" swore allegiance to "Bernardo comite filius qui fuisti Stephanies comitisse" by charter dated 18 Jul 1090[703].� "Bernardus comes Bisuldensis" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 17 Mar 1102, signed by "Guillelmi Udalgerii vicecomitis Castellinovi�"[704].� "Bernardus Granderi comes Bisildunensis" donated property to the church of Saint-Paul de Narbonne by charter dated 9 Nov 1106, signed by "Willelmi vicecomitis Castellinovi�"[705].� �Bernardus...Bisuldunensis comes� granted �omnem honorem meum...Bisullunensi et Rivipollensi et Valle Speriensi et Funolletensi et Perpertusensi� to �Raymunde Berengarii Barchinonensis comes ac marchio� after his death if he had no male child �ex dotata conjuge�, by charter dated 10 Oct 1107, subscribed by �...Ermessindis vicecomitiss�...�[706].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 1111 of �Bernardus comes Bisul.�[707].� m (contract 1 Oct 1107) --- de Barcelona, daughter of RAMON BERENGUER [III] Comte de Barcelona & his first wife Mar�a Rodr�guez ([1105/06]-).� The marriage contract of "Raymundus...Barchinonensis comes et marchio...filiam meam prolem Mari� Ruderici" and �Bernarde Bisuldunensis comes� is dated 1 Oct 1107 and provides �Ausonensem comitatum� as dowry[708].� Secondary sources usually show this daughter as having married Roger [III] Comte de Foix as her second husband.� For the reasons explained above (see Chapter 2), it is more likely that Comte Roger�s wife was a different daughter, born from her father�s third marriage.�

ii) GAUSFREDO de Besal� (-after 3 Nov 1087).� A charter dated 3 Nov 1087 records an agreement between "comitem Bisinduni�Bernardum" and "fratrem eius Gauzfredum" under which the latter promised support if the counts of Roussillon, Peralada and Ampurias made war[709].�

iii) ESTEFAN�A de Besal�.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Dec 1129 of her son �Rogerius Fuxi comes, filius Rogerii et Stephani��[710].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� 1095.� m as his second wife, ROGER [II] Comte de Foix, son of PIERRE BERNARD Comte de Couserans et de Foix & his wife Letgarde --- (-1124).�

b) BERNAT [II] de Besal� (-[1100]).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guillelmum�Trunnum�et Bernardum Guillelmi" as the two sons of "in comitatu Bisulduni�comes Guillelmus Bernardi, cognominatus Grassus"[711].� "Wilelmus comes" confirmed the privileges of the monastery of Sant Pere de Besal� by charter dated 5 Nov 1029, subscribed by "Adalaizis comitissa, Wilielmus vicescomes�Bernardus comes Bisullenensis proles Wilielmi comitis�"[712].� "Guillelmus�comes�in castro Bisulduno" renounced jurisdiction over the monastery of Sainte-Marie d�Arles ("Sancte Arulensis Marie"), referring to "avii mei bone memorie comitis Oliva", and agreed that "Bernardus filius de supradicti comitis" should enter the monastery, by charter dated 5 Apr 1033, subscribed by "Adalaicis�comitissa, Berengarius Reynardus, Berengarius frater comitis�"[713].� �Willelmus...comes simul cum coniuge mea Azaleiz et filio meo Bernardo� settled a dispute with the monastery of Santa Maria Arulas by charter dated 16 Dec 1036, subscribed by �...Raymundus vicecomes...�[714].� He succeeded as Comte de Besal� i Ripoll.� "Bernardus�Bisuldinensium comes" confirmed the union of the abbey of Saint-Martin de Lez with the abbey of Saint-Pons, for the soul of "fratris mei Guillelmi", by charter dated 25 Jan 1070[715].� �Bernardus...comes� confirmed donations to Besal� Santa Maria made by �pater meus Willelmus comes bon� memori��, for the soul of �pr�dicti patris mei et fratris mei et fratris mei Willelmi�, by charter dated 9 Sep 1074[716].� �Bernardus comes Bisullunensis et conjux mea comitissa Ermeniardis� restored �monasterium Balneolas� by charter dated 9 Mar 1078, which promises a donation �si Deo annuente habuero filium vel filiam qui meum honorem teneant�, suggesting that he was childless at that date[717].� "Bernardus comes Bisuldunensis" donated property "ecclesiam Beate Marie Virginis intra muros Bisuldini" to Valence Saint-Rufus by charter dated 26 Sep 1084, signed by "mei nec a filio mei", subscribed by "Guillelmi vicecomitis, Petri vicecomitis�"[718].� �Bernardus...Bisuldunensis comes� donated property to Ripoll Sant Pere, for the souls of �genitoris mei Guillermi comitis...fratris mei Guillermi comitis�, by charter dated 17 Aug 1095, subscribed by �...Udalardus vicecomes...�[719].� m ERMENGARDA de Emp�ries, daughter of PONCE [I] Comte de Emp�ries & his wife Adelaida ---.� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� �Bernardus comes Bisullunensis et conjux mea comitissa Ermeniardis� restored �monasterium Balneolas� by charter dated 9 Mar 1078, which promises a donation �si Deo annuente habuero filium vel filiam qui meum honorem teneant�, suggesting that he was childless at that date[720].� Comte Bernat II & his wife had one child:�

i) son (after 9 Mar 1078-after 26 Sep 1084).� "Bernardus comes Bisuldunensis" donated property "ecclesiam Beate Marie Virginis intra muros Bisuldini" to Valence Saint-Rufus by charter dated 26 Sep 1084, signed by "mei nec a filio mei", subscribed by "Guillelmi vicecomitis, Petri vicecomitis�"[721].�

c) ADELAIDA de Besal� (-before 1055).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� "Ermengaudus�chomes marchio et uxori mea Constancia comitissa" granted privileges to the inhabitants of Santa Licinia by charter dated 2 Jul "anno V regnante Enrico rege", transcribed 3 May "A. D. MCCXC" (dated to 1036 in the collection consulted), subscribed by "Ermengaudus comes filius Ermengaudi et Adalaiz comitissa uxor sua"[722].� The dating of this document is problematic.� If the names of the donor and the subscriber are correct, it is impossible as the subscriber could not then have been married.� According to Szabolcs de Vajay[723], Adelaida was her husband's second wife, and Cl�mence his first wife, although he cites no source in support of this.� m ([1050]) as his first wife, ARMENGOL [III] "�l de Barbastro" Comte de Urgell, son of ARMENGOL [II] "el Pelegrino" Comte de Urgell & his second wife Constanza --- ([1032/33]-[Feb/Mar] 1065).�

2. GUIFR� de Besal� (-1054).� A charter dated 988 [maybe misdated] records that "Bernardus comes cum filio suo Guilliermo et�Guifredus frater eius" were left under the protection of the Pope by "pi� memori� patre Oliba comite"[724].� "Bernardus�comes" donated "castellum�Talteuul" to "filio meo Guillelmo", and if he died to "fratrem tuum", and if the latter died to "nepotem meum Arnallum", by charter dated 10 Jul 1011, subscribed by "�Oliba vice comes�"[725].� Bishop of Besal� and Carcassonne.� A bull of Pope Benedict VIII dated 27 Jan 1017 records the installation as bishop of �Guifredo�, naming �Bernardus comes cum suo filio Guilelmo et...Guifredus comes frater eius�[726].�

3. ADELAIDA de Besal� .� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names �filio suo Asenrico�filium suum Ugonem�filium suum Berengarium�filia sua Adalai�filia sua Constancia�filium suum Guillelmum�[727].�

4. [GARSENDA de Besal� (-after 5 Feb 1067).� Her parentage is suggested and her marriage confirmed by the charter dated to [1020] which records homage sworn to "Berengarium vicecomitem filius qui fuit Richardis vicecomitiss� neque uxorem eius Garsindem filia qu� fuit Tot� comitiss�"[728], as no other contemporary "Tot� comitiss�" has been identified except the wife of Bernat [I] Comte de Besal�.� Garsenda is not, however, named in her supposed father�s 1020 testament.� "Berengarius vicecomes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Just and Saint-Pastor, for the souls of "patris mei Raimundi et avunculi mei Ermengaudi archiepiscopi", by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, signed by "Ricardis vicecomitiss� matris eius, Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raimundi filii eorum�"[729].� "Guifredus archiepiscopus�cum Berengario vicecomite et uxore illius Garsinde, eorumque filii Raymundo, Petro et Bernardo" donated property by charter dated 23 Apr 1048, subscribed by "Berengarii vicecomitis, Garsindis vicecomitiss�, Raymundi Berengarii, Petri clerici frater ejus, Bernardi fratris istorum�"[730].� "Berengarius vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindis" swore allegiance to "domno Raymundo Berengarii seniori nostro" for one of his fiefs by charter dated 5 Feb 1067[731].� m BERENGUER Vicomte de Narbonne, son of RAYMOND [I] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife --- (-1067).]�

5. CONSTANZA de Besal� (-after 26 Sep 1020).� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names �filio suo Asenrico�filium suum Ugonem�filium suum Berengarium�filia sua Adalai�filia sua Constancia�filium suum Guillelmum�[732].�

6. ASENRICO de Besal� (-after 13 Oct 1020).� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names �filio suo Asenrico�filium suum Ugonem�filium suum Berengarium�filia sua Adalai�filia sua Constancia�filium suum Guillelmum�[733].� A charter dated 13 Oct 1020 publishes the testament of "Bernardo condam comite" leaves "filios�suo Aienrico et Ugone et Berengario�in tuicione" to "Wilielmo filio suo"[734].�

7. HUG de Besal� (-after 13 Oct 1020).� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names �filio suo Asenrico�filium suum Ugonem�filium suum Berengarium�filia sua Adalai�filia sua Constancia�filium suum Guillelmum�[735].� A charter dated 13 Oct 1020 publishes the testament of "Bernardo condam comite" leaves "filios�suo Aienrico et Ugone et Berengario�in tuicione" to "Wilielmo filio suo"[736].�

8. BERENGUER de Besal� (-after 5 Apr 1033).� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names �filio suo Asenrico�filium suum Ugonem�filium suum Berengarium�filia sua Adalai�filia sua Constancia�filium suum Guillelmum�[737].� A charter dated 13 Oct 1020 publishes the testament of "Bernardo condam comite" leaves "filios�suo Aienrico et Ugone et Berengario�in tuicione" to "Wilielmo filio suo"[738].� "Guillelmus�comes�in castro Bisulduno" renounced jurisdiction over the monastery of Sainte-Marie d�Arles ("Sancte Arulensis Marie"), referring to "avii mei bone memorie comitis Oliva", and agreed that "Bernardus filius de supradicti comitis" should enter the monastery, by charter dated 5 Apr 1033, subscribed by "Adalaicis�comitissa, Berengarius Reynardus, Berengarius frater comitis�"[739].�

B.�� VESCOMTES de BESAL�

1. MIR� (-after 2 Jul 978).� Vescomte [de Besal�].� "Miro�Gerundensis ecclesie�episcopus" donated property "in comitatu Bisillunense" at Tragur� to the monastery of San Pedro de Besal� by charter dated 2 Jul 978, signed by "Miro�comes atque episcopus�Mir vice comes"[740].�

2. OLIBA (-after 10 Jul 1011).� Vescomte de Besal�.� "Bernardus�comes" donated "castellum�Talteuul" to "filio meo Guillelmo", and if he died to "fratrem tuum", and if the latter died to "nepotem meum Arnallum", by charter dated 10 Jul 1011, subscribed by "�Oliba vice comes�"[741].�

3. DALMAU (-after Feb 1017).� Vescomte de Besal�.� �Bernardus...comes� confirmed the property of the bishopric of Besalu by charter dated Feb 1017, subscribed by �Bernardi...comes, Tot� comitiss�, Vuillelmi...Dalmachii vicecomes Bisulduni...Vuilelmi vicecomitis Asperiensis, Petroni vicecomitis Fenoliotensis...�[742].�

4. ELISIAR (-after 22 Mar 1020).� Vescomte [de Besal�].� "Willelmus�comes et uxori me� Girberga comitisa" sold property "in comitatu Bisuldense" to "Johanne et uxori tu� Adalaiz" by charter dated 22 Mar 1020, subscribed by "Sonifredus judex, Ademar, Helisiar vices-comite�"[743].�

5. GUILL�M (-after 3 May [1018 or 1027]).� Vescomte [de Besal�].� "Guillermo de Besal� y su esposa Adelaiza" donated property to the church of San Genesio, Besal� by charter dated 3 May "XXXI regni Roberto regis" (1018 or 1027), signed by "Adalaiza, Guillelmus vice comes�"[744].�

6. RAMON (-after 16 Dec 1036).� Vescomte [de Besal�].� �Willelmus...comes simul cum coniuge mea Azaleiz et filio meo Bernardo� settled a dispute with the monastery of Santa Maria Arulas by charter dated 16 Dec 1036, subscribed by �...Raymundus vicecomes...�[745].�

7. DALMAU (-after 17 Apr 1117).� Vescomte de Besal�.� Miret y Sans quotes a charter dated 17 Apr 1117 under which "Raimundus Berengarii Barchinonensis comes et marchio atque Cerdaniensis" donated property to the bishopric of Urgell, subscribed by "�Raimundi Bernardi vice comitis de Urg, Raimundi Guillielmi de Enveg, Dalmatii vice comitis�Petri vicecomitis de Castelb�", but does not cite the corresponding primary source reference[746].� Miret y Sans states that Dalmau Vescomte de Besal�, whom he identifies as the subscriber of this charter dated 17 Apr 1117, was a different person from Dalmau Vescomte de Berga as the father of the latter was still alive at the date of the charter in question[747].�

1. UDALARD BERNAT (-after 6 Mar 1101).� Vescomte de [Besal�].� "Udalardus�vicecomes et Ermessendis vicecomitissa uxor mea et filius noster Petrus Udalardi" donated the churches of San Juli�n de Vallfogona and San Pedro de Montgrony to the monastery of Ripoll Sant Joan by charter dated 7 Jan 1083[748].� "Udalardus vicecomes et Ermessindis vicecomitissa" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Victor, Marseilles by charter dated to [1079/93][749].� �Bernardus...Bisuldunensis comes� donated property to Ripoll Sant Pere, for the souls of �genitoris mei Guillermi comitis...fratris mei Guillermi comitis�, by charter dated 17 Aug 1095, subscribed by �...Udalardus vicecomes...�[750].� �Uzaldus vice comes et uxor mea Ermessendis et filio nostro...Petrus Uzalard et uxor tue Loreta� donated �mansum...ad me iamdicta Ermessendis per parentorum meorum...in comitatu Bisillino in parrochia Sancti Christofori de Fontis Subiranes� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 6 Mar 1101[751].� m ERMESENDA de Emp�ries, daughter of PONCE [I] Comte de Emp�ries & his wife Adelaida --- (-after 29 Apr 1119).� "Udalardus�vicecomes et Ermessendis vicecomitissa uxor mea et filius noster Petrus Udalardi" donated the churches of San Juli�n de Vallfogona and San Pedro de Montgrony to the monastery of Ripoll Sant Joan by charter dated 7 Jan 1083[752].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� Uzaldus vice comes et uxor mea Ermessendis et filio nostro...Petrus Uzalard et uxor tue Loreta� donated �mansum...ad me iamdicta Ermessendis per parentorum meorum...in comitatu Bisillino in parrochia Sancti Christofori de Fontis Subiranes� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 6 Mar 1101[753].� The testament of "Ermesendis�vicecomitissa" is dated 29 Apr 1119, appoints "Udalardum vicecomitem nepotem meum�" as one of her executors, and gives one third of her property each to "Udalardo nepoti meo�Beatrici filie mee�Ermeniardi filio meo"[754].� Udalardo Bernardo & his wife had three children:�

a) PERE UDALARD (-[6 Mar 1101/29 Apr 1119]).� "Udalardus�vicecomes et Ermessendis vicecomitissa uxor mea et filius noster Petrus Udalardi" donated the churches of San Juli�n de Vallfogona and San Pedro de Montgrony to the monastery of Ripoll Sant Joan by charter dated 7 Jan 1083[755].� �Uzaldus vice comes et uxor mea Ermessendis et filio nostro...Petrus Uzalard et uxor tue Loreta� donated �mansum...ad me iamdicta Ermessendis per parentorum meorum...in comitatu Bisillino in parrochia Sancti Christofori de Fontis Subiranes� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 6 Mar 1101[756].� He predeceased his mother, as shown by her testament (see above).� m LORETA, daughter of ---.� �Uzaldus vice comes et uxor mea Ermessendis et filio nostro...Petrus Uzalard et uxor tue Loreta� donated �mansum...ad me iamdicta Ermessendis per parentorum meorum...in comitatu Bisillino in parrochia Sancti Christofori de Fontis Subiranes� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 6 Mar 1101[757].� Pere & his wife had one child:�

i) UDALARD [II] (-[1123/5 Aug 1126]).� Vescomte de [Besal�].� The testament of "Ermesendis�vicecomitissa" is dated 29 Apr 1119, appoints "Udalardum vicecomitem nepotem meum�" as one of her executors, and gives one third of her property each to "Udalardo nepoti meo�Beatrici filie mee�Ermeniardi filio meo"[758].� "Uzalardus vicecomes" swore allegiance to the abbot of Ripoll Sant Joan by charter dated 24 Apr 1121[759].� A charter dated 1123 records an agreement between "Uzalardum vicecomitem" and "Reimundum Pontii de Malanno"[760].� "Dalmacius Geraldi et frater eius Arnallus Geraldi" swore the last wishes of "Udalardi vicecomitis", naming "filio suo Petro Udalardi�avunculi sui Guillelmi Raimundi Senescal", by charter dated 29 Dec 1128[761].� m FERRANA, daughter of GUILLEM Ramon [I] Seneschal of Catalonia & his wife ---.� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 29 Dec 1128 under which "Dalmacius Geraldi et frater eius Arnallus Geraldi" swore the last wishes of "Udalardi vicecomitis", naming "filio suo Petro Udalardi�avunculi sui Guillelmi Raimundi Senescal"[762].� The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.� Udalard [II] & his wife had one child:�

(a) PERE UDALARD (-[5 Aug 1126/29 Dec 1128]).� Vescomte de [Besal�], under the guardianship of his maternal uncle.� "Raimundus Berengarii Barchinonensis, Bisillunensis atque Ceritanie comes et marchio cum uxori mea Dulcia et filio meo Raimundo" donated "omni honore quem pater eius tenebat ad diem mortis sue�de castro Malan et de castro Castilionis et de castro Muntros et de castro Beuda et de castro Castlar et de Monteacuto" to "Guillelmo Raimundo senescalc baiuliam de Petro filio Udalardi vicecomitis de Bass", by charter dated 5 Aug 1126, signed by "Poncii de Capraria, Guillelmi Raimundi senescalc, Otonis fratris sui�"[763].�

b) BEATRIZ .� The testament of "Ermesendis�vicecomitissa" is dated 29 Apr 1119, appoints "Udalardum vicecomitem nepotem meum�" as one of her executors, and gives one third of her property each to "Udalardo nepoti meo�Beatrici filie mee�Ermeniardi filio meo"[764].� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.�� Vescomtesa de Bas: "Poncius Ugonis de Cervaria et uxor mea Beatrix cum filiis nostris Petro et Poncio" donated two parts of "castro et�villa Cervarie" to "seniori nostro Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti" for "vice comitatu de Basso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1128, signed by "Gocerandi de Pinos�"[765].� Vescomtesa de Bas.� m PONCE [I] de Cervera, son of UGO & his wife --- (-[1130]).�

c) ARMENGOL (-after 29 Apr 1119).� The testament of "Ermesendis�vicecomitissa" is dated 29 Apr 1119, appoints "Udalardum vicecomitem nepotem meum�" as one of her executors, and gives one third of her property each to "Udalardo nepoti meo�Beatrici filie mee�Ermeniardi filio meo"[766].�

1. HUG .� m SANCHA, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 18 Jul 1090 under which her son "Guillelmus Ugonis filius qui fuit Sancia femina" swore allegiance to "Bernardo comite filius qui fuisti Stephanies comitisse"[767].� Ug & his wife had one child:�

a) GUILLEM HUG (-after 18 Jul 1090).� "Guillelmus Ugonis filius qui fuit Sancia femina" swore allegiance to "Bernardo comite filius qui fuisti Stephanies comitisse" by charter dated 18 Jul 1090[768].�

C.�� VESCOMTES de BAS

UG Dalmau de Cervera, son of DALMAU Vescomte de Berga & his wife Arsenda --- (-before 1079).� Miret y Sans records that "Uch Dalmau de Cervera�fil de la vescomtessa Arsenda" swore homage to Ramon Berenguer Comte de Barcelona by charter dated to [1052/76][769].� �Ugo Dalmatius filius qui sum Arsendis femina� swore allegiance to �Guillelmum comitem seniorem meum filius qui es Adalene comitisse� [Guillem Ramon [I] Comte de Cerdanya] for his castles �Cadercino et...Ellesindi� by charter dated to [1068/1079][770].� "Uch Dalmau fill d�Arsenda�sa muller Adalvida y son fill Pons Uch" swore homage to Guillem Comte de Cerdanya for "castells de Sant-Esteve de Castellfollit, Vasel, Ferran y Caramala" by undated charter[771].�

m [firstly] ADALETA, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which her husband "Uch Dalmau fill d�Arsenda�sa muller Adalvida y son fill Pons Uch" swore homage to Guillem Comte de Cerdanya for "castells de Sant-Esteve de Castellfollit, Vasel, Ferran y Caramala"[772].�

[m secondly BELISENDIS, daughter of --- (-after [1098/1102]).� She is named as the mother of Bernat Ug in the charter dated [1098/1102], the wording of which suggests that she was living at the time.� The indications that Bernat Ug was the son of Ug Dalmas de Cevera are discussed below.� If this affiliation is correct, Belisendis would have been Ug Dalmas�s second wife.]�

Ug & his [first] wife had one child:�

1. PONCE [I] de Cervera (-[1130]).� "Uch Dalmau fill d�Arsenda�sa muller Adalvida y son fill Pons Uch" swore homage to Guillem Comte de Cerdanya for "castells de Sant-Esteve de Castellfollit, Vasel, Ferran y Caramala" by undated charter[773].� "Poncii de Capraria, Guillelmi Raimundi senescalc, Otonis fratris sui�" signed the charter dated 5 Aug 1126 under which "Raimundus Berengarii Barchinonensis, Bisillunensis atque Ceritanie comes et marchio cum uxori mea Dulcia et filio meo Raimundo" donated "omni honore quem pater eius tenebat ad diem mortis sue�de castro Malan et de castro Castilionis et de castro Muntros et de castro Beuda et de castro Castlar et de Monteacuto" to "Guillelmo Raimundo senescalc baiuliam de Petro filio Udalardi vicecomitis de Bass", by charter dated 5 Aug 1126[774].� Vescomte de Bas 1129: "Poncius Ugonis de Cervaria et uxor mea Beatrix cum filiis nostris Petro et Poncio" donated two parts of "castro et�villa Cervarie" to "seniori nostro Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti" for "vice comitatu de Basso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1128 (O.S.), signed by "Gocerandi de Pinos�"[775].� m BEATRIZ de Besal� Vescomtesa de Bas, daughter of UDALARDO BERNARDO Vescomte de Besal� & his wife Ermesenda de Emp�ries.� The testament of "Ermesendis�vicecomitissa" is dated 29 Apr 1119, appoints "Udalardum vicecomitem nepotem meum�" as one of her executors, and gives one third of her property each to "Udalardo nepoti meo�Beatrici filie mee�Ermeniardi filio meo"[776].� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.�� Vescomtesa de Bas: "Poncius Ugonis de Cervaria et uxor mea Beatrix cum filiis nostris Petro et Poncio" donated two parts of "castro et�villa Cervarie" to "seniori nostro Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti" for "vice comitatu de Basso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1128, signed by "Gocerandi de Pinos�"[777].� Ponce [I] & his wife had three children:�

a) PEDRO (-1137 or 1140).� "Poncius Ugonis de Cervaria et uxor mea Beatrix cum filiis nostris Petro et Poncio" donated two parts of "castro et�villa Cervarie" to "seniori nostro Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti" for "vice comitatu de Basso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1128, signed by "Gocerandi de Pinos�"[778].� Vescomte de Bas.�

b) PONCE [II] de Cervera (-before 19 Nov 1155).� "Poncius Ugonis de Cervaria et uxor mea Beatrix cum filiis nostris Petro et Poncio" donated two parts of "castro et�villa Cervarie" to "seniori nostro Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti" for "vice comitatu de Basso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1128, signed by "Gocerandi de Pinos�"[779]. �Vescomte de Bas.�

-�� see below.�

c) RAMON (-[14 Jul 1182/1185]).� Se�or de la Espluga.� "Ugo vicecomitis et Pontius frater meus et Raimundus de Cervaria uxorque eius Pontia et Raimundus de Turre Rubea uxorque eius Gaia" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 20 Nov 1171[780].� �Poncius de Cervaria cum coniuge mea Marchesia� donated �honorem quem Arnaldus de Sancto Iusto habet...in Rinario� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 1 Feb 1181, subscribed by �...Petri de Cervaria...Raimundo de Cervaria qui hoc laudo et firmo...�[781].� The testament of �Raimundus de Cervera�, dated 14 Jul 1182, appointed �Poncium de Cervera et uxorem meam Pocetam...� as executors, chose burial �in monasterio Populeti�, bequeathed property to �Guilelmus filius meus...filie mee Tiborchete...filie mee Elicsen et filio eius Guilelmo...fratrem suum minorem natu [castrum de Zavellan]...filie mee Berengarie [castrum de Rabinath]...�[782].� m PONTIA, daughter of --- (-after 14 Jul 1182).� "Ugo vicecomitis et Pontius frater meus et Raimundus de Cervaria uxorque eius Pontia et Raimundus de Turre Rubea uxorque eius Gaia" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 20 Nov 1171[783].� The testament of �Raimundus de Cervera�, dated 14 Jul 1182, appointed �Poncium de Cervera et uxorem meam Pocetam...� as executors, chose burial �in monasterio Populeti�, bequeathed property to �Guilelmus filius meus...filie mee Tiborchete...filie mee Elicsen et filio eius Guilelmo...fratrem suum minorem natu [castrum de Zavellan]...filie mee Berengarie [castrum de Rabinath]...�[784].� Ramon & his wife had four children:�

i) GUILLEM .� The testament of �Raimundus de Cervera�, dated 14 Jul 1182, appointed �Poncium de Cervera et uxorem meam Pocetam...� as executors, chose burial �in monasterio Populeti�, bequeathed property to �Guilelmus filius meus...filie mee Tiborchete...filie mee Elicsen et filio eius Guilelmo...fratrem suum minorem natu [castrum de Zavellan]...filie mee Berengarie [castrum de Rabinath]...�[785].�

ii) TIBORCHETA .� The testament of �Raimundus de Cervera�, dated 14 Jul 1182, appointed �Poncium de Cervera et uxorem meam Pocetam...� as executors, chose burial �in monasterio Populeti�, bequeathed property to �Guilelmus filius meus...filie mee Tiborchete...filie mee Elicsen et filio eius Guilelmo...fratrem suum minorem natu [castrum de Zavellan]...filie mee Berengarie [castrum de Rabinath]...�[786].�

iii) ELICSEN .� The testament of �Raimundus de Cervera�, dated 14 Jul 1182, appointed �Poncium de Cervera et uxorem meam Pocetam...� as executors, chose burial �in monasterio Populeti�, bequeathed property to �Guilelmus filius meus...filie mee Tiborchete...filie mee Elicsen et filio eius Guilelmo...fratrem suum minorem natu [castrum de Zavellan]...filie mee Berengarie [castrum de Rabinath]...�[787].� m ---.�

iv) BERENGARIA .� The testament of �Raimundus de Cervera�, dated 14 Jul 1182, appointed �Poncium de Cervera et uxorem meam Pocetam...� as executors, chose burial �in monasterio Populeti�, bequeathed property to �Guilelmus filius meus...filie mee Tiborchete...filie mee Elicsen et filio eius Guilelmo...fratrem suum minorem natu [castrum de Zavellan]...filie mee Berengarie [castrum de Rabinath]...�[788].�

Ug Dalmas & his [second wife had one child]:�

2. [BERNAT Ug (-after 26 Sep 1125).� �Bernardus Ugonis filius que sum Bellessendis femine� swore allegiance to �Guillelme comitem seniorem meum filius [qui] es Sancie comitisse� [Guillem Jordan Comte de Cerdanya] for his castles �Oilesen et Kadercino et Meranichos et Forchanos et Supercorts et Ballomar� by charter dated to [1098/1102][789].� His parentage is suggested as follows.� Firstly, Ugo Dalmau de Cevera swore allegiance to Guillem Ramon [I] Comte de Cerdanya for his castles �Cadercino et...Ellesindi� by charter dated to [1068/1079] (see above), two of the castles for which Bernat Ug swore allegiance to Guillem Jordan Comte de Cerdanya by charter dated to [1098/1102] (see below).� Secondly, it is likely that Bernat Ug�s second name was a patronymic, consistent with Ug Dalmas being his father.� If this co-identity is correct, Belisendis would have been Ug Dalmau�s second wife.]�

[-�� SENYORES de MATAPLANA.]�

PONCE [II] de Cervera, son of PONCE [I] de Cervera & his wife Beatriz de Besal� Vescomtesa de Bas (-before 19 Nov 1155).� "Poncius Ugonis de Cervaria et uxor mea Beatrix cum filiis nostris Petro et Poncio" donated two parts of "castro et�villa Cervarie" to "seniori nostro Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti" for "vice comitatu de Basso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1128, signed by "Gocerandi de Pinos�"[790].� Vescomte de Bas.�

[m firstly --- (-before 1148). �No direct confirmation of this supposed first marriage has been found.� However, as noted below, the marriage of Ponce�s daughter Agalburga, dated to before 31 Oct 1158, suggests that she may have been born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage of her father.]�

m [secondly] (1148) ALMODIS de Barcelona, daughter of RAMON BERENGUER [III] �el Grande� Comte de Barcelona & his tirad wife Dulce/Dol�a [I] Ctss de Provence ([1126]-after 14 Mar 1175).� Ponce de Cevera abducted a daughter of Ramon Bergenguer [III] from the comital palace in Barcelona, in 1148 and married her[791].� Ponce de Cevera and his wife Adalmuz donated property to the Templarios by charter dated 15 Mar 1148[792].� "Almodis vicecomitissa Bassensis" freed serfs, for the soul of "mariti mei Pontii de Cervaria" and with the consent of "omnium filiorum meorum", by charter dated 19 Nov 1155, subscribed by "Ugoni filii eius, Poncii filii eius, Berengarii filii eius�"[793].� �Adalmus soror comes Barchinonensis...cum filiis meis Ugo et Poncius et Raimundus de Torrea Rubea genere meo et coniux eius Gaia filia mea� donated �alaudio infra terminos de Espulga de Tallad� to the monastery of Valldemaria by charter dated 28 Feb 1164[794].� "Ugo vicecomes de Bas" sold "vegeriam de Basso" to "Berengario de Puig Pardines et Raimundo patri tuo", with the consent of "Poncii fratris mei et Adalmus comitisse matris mee", by charter dated 14 Mar 1175, signed by "Ugonis vicecomitis de Bas, Poncii fratris eius, Adalmurs comitisse matris eorum�"[795].�

Ponce [II] & his [first] wife had one child:�

1. AGALBURGA (-after 1186).� �Parason...iudex Arbor� filius quondam Comita item iudicis Arbore�� granted property to �domin� Agalburs�...uxori me� fili� quondam Pontii de Cervera� on their marriage by charter dated 31 Oct 1157, witnessed by �...Ugonis vicecomitis...�[796].� If Agalburga was born from her father�s marriage to Almodis, her mother would have been less than ten years old at the time.� Although early marriage was common, this does seem exaggerated.� It is therefore possible that Agalburga was born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage of her father.� Her absence from the charter dated 28 Feb 1164, in which Almodis names her other surviving children, also suggests that Agalburga was not her daughter.� �A...Arboree Regina� granted navigation rights �in toto Arborensi iudicatu� to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 8 Oct 1186, naming �Poncium nepotem meum [...filius quondam Ugonis de Bassis] post quam ad etatem 14 annorum pervenerit�[797].� m ([31] Oct 1157) as his second wife, BARISONE de Lacon Judge of Arborea [Sardinia], son of COMITA Judge of Arborea & his wife --- (-1185).�

Ponce [II] & his second wife had four children:�

2. HUG PONCE de Bas (-1185).� "Almodis vicecomitissa Bassensis" freed serfs, for the soul of "mariti mei Pontii de Cervaria" and with the consent of "omnium filiorum meorum", by charter dated 19 Nov 1155, subscribed by "Ugoni filii eius, Poncii filii eius, Berengarii filii eius�"[798].� Vescomte de Bas.� �Parason...iudex Arbor� filius quondam Comita item iudicis Arbore�� granted property to �domin� Agalburs�...uxori me� fili� quondam Pontii de Cervera� on their marriage by charter dated 31 Oct 1157, witnessed by �...Ugonis vicecomitis...�[799].� �Adalmus soror comes Barchinonensis...cum filiis meis Ugo et Poncius et Raimundus de Torrea Rubea genere meo et coniux eius Gaia filia mea� donated �alaudio infra terminos de Espulga de Tallad� to the monastery of Valldemaria by charter dated 28 Feb 1164[800].� "Ugo vicecomitis et Pontius frater meus et Raimundus de Cervaria uxorque eius Pontia et Raimundus de Turre Rubea uxorque eius Gaia" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 20 Nov 1171[801].� "Ugo vicecomes de Bas" sold "vegeriam de Basso" to "Berengario de Puig Pardines et Raimundo patri tuo", with the consent of "Poncii fratris mei et Adalmus comitisse matris mee", by charter dated 14 Mar 1175, signed by "Ugonis vicecomitis de Bas, Poncii fratris eius, Adalmurs comitisse matris eorum�"[802].� m as her first wife, SINISPELLA de Lacon, daughter of BARISONE Judge of Arborea [Sardinia] & his wife Pellegrina de Lacon.� The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified.�� She married secondly Comita de Lacon Judge of Torres.� Ug Ponce & his wife had one child:�

a) HUG PONCE de Bas (after [1171/72]-1211).� �A...Arboree Regina� granted navigation rights �in toto Arborensi iudicatu� to the commune of Genoa by charter dated 8 Oct 1186, naming �Poncium nepotem meum [...filius quondam Ugonis de Bassis] post quam ad etatem 14 annorum pervenerit�[803].� Vescomte de Bas.� Judge of Arborea.� �Ugo quondam Ugonis de Bassis rex et iudex Arborensis� confirmed rights of the commune of Genoa, with the advice of �Raimundo de Turingia barbani mei�, by charter dated 20 Feb 1192, witnessed by �Raimundi de Turrigia, Raimundi filii eius...�[804].� �Petrus...iudex Arborensis filius quondam Baresoni iudicis Arboren. et Ugo filius quondam Ugonis de Bas qui olim Poncet nominabatur consilio...Raimundi de Turingia maioris...curatorem� confirmed rights of the commune of Genoa by charter dated 20 Feb 1192[805].� "Ugo" donated property in San Privat and Santa Mar�a de Puigpardinas to "Ademario de Mirales" by charter dated 30 Nov 1196[806].� A charter dated 18 Jan 1198 records an agreement between "Ugonem vice-comitem de Bas" and "Petrum de Ceruaria"[807].�

-�� JUDGES of ARBOREA.�

3. PONCE (-[18 Nov 1194]).� "Almodis vicecomitissa Bassensis" freed serfs, for the soul of "mariti mei Pontii de Cervaria" and with the consent of "omnium filiorum meorum", by charter dated 19 Nov 1155, subscribed by "Ugoni filii eius, Poncii filii eius, Berengarii filii eius�"[808].� �Adalmus soror comes Barchinonensis...cum filiis meis Ugo et Poncius et Raimundus de Torrea Rubea genere meo et coniux eius Gaia filia mea� donated �alaudio infra terminos de Espulga de Tallad� to the monastery of Valldemaria by charter dated 28 Feb 1164[809].� "Ugo vicecomitis et Pontius frater meus et Raimundus de Cervaria uxorque eius Pontia et Raimundus de Turre Rubea uxorque eius Gaia" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 20 Nov 1171[810].� "Ugo vicecomes de Bas" sold "vegeriam de Basso" to "Berengario de Puig Pardines et Raimundo patri tuo", with the consent of "Poncii fratris mei et Adalmus comitisse matris mee", by charter dated 14 Mar 1175, signed by "Ugonis vicecomitis de Bas, Poncii fratris eius, Adalmurs comitisse matris eorum�"[811].� �Poncius de Cervaria cum coniuge mea Marchesia� donated �honorem quem Arnaldus de Sancto Iusto habet...in Rinario� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 1 Feb 1181, subscribed by �...Petri de Cervaria...Raimundo de Cervaria qui hoc laudo et firmo...�[812].� Vescomte de Bas.� "Poncio de Cervera vizconde de Bas" donated property to the prior of San Juan las Fonts by charter dated 13 Aug 1191, subscribed by "Poncius, Marquesia uxor eius�"[813].� "Poncio y Marquesa vizcondes de Bas y su hijo Pedro" granted "lo villicatum et baiuliam castri de Castello-follito" to "Ram�n de Colltort" by charter dated 26 Oct 1193[814].� m MARQUESA, daughter of --- (-[26 Oct 1193/18 Nov 1194]).� �Poncius de Cervaria cum coniuge mea Marchesia� donated �honorem quem Arnaldus de Sancto Iusto habet...in Rinario� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 1 Feb 1181[815].� "Poncio de Cervera vizconde de Bas" donated property to the prior of San Juan las Fonts by charter dated 13 Aug 1191, subscribed by "Poncius, Marquesia uxor eius�"[816].� "Poncio y Marquesa vizcondes de Bas y su hijo Pedro" granted "lo villicatum et baiuliam castri de Castello-follito" to "Ram�n de Colltort" by charter dated 26 Oct 1193[817].� Betrothed ([18 Nov 1194]) JUSIANA de Emp�ries, daughter of PONCE [III] Comte de Emp�ries & [his first wife Adelaida ---].� �Poncius de Ceruaria�, on his marriage to �Iosiane filie Poncii Ugonis comitis�, granted property �in Gerundensi episcopatu� to �Impuriarum et Petro filio meo� by charter dated 18 Nov 1194[818].� The other charters quoted below indicate that this marriage must never have taken place.� Presumably Ponce de Cevera died, and Jusiana married Pere de Cervera instead of his father.� Ponce & his wife had one child:�

a) PERE de Cervera (before 1 Feb 1181-before 7 Mar 1251).� �Poncius de Cervaria cum coniuge mea Marchesia� donated �honorem quem Arnaldus de Sancto Iusto habet...in Rinario� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 1 Feb 1181, subscribed by �...Petri de Cervaria...�[819].� "Poncio y Marquesa vizcondes de Bas y su hijo Pedro" granted "lo villicatum et baiuliam castri de Castello-follito" to "Ram�n de Colltort" by charter dated 26 Oct 1193[820].� �Poncius de Ceruaria�, on his marriage to �Iosiane filie Poncii Ugonis comitis�, granted property �in Gerundensi episcopatu� to �Impuriarum et Petro filio meo� by charter dated 18 Nov 1194[821].� A charter dated 18 Jan 1198 records an agreement between "Ugonem vice-comitem de Bas" and "Petrum de Ceruaria"[822].� A charter dated 1206 records an agreement between "Pedro de Cervera" and "Arnaldo de Samiana"[823].� "Petrus de Cervaria et uxor mea Iusiana" reached agreement with "Berenguer de Villari et matri tue Saurimonde" concerning the honour of the parish of Montagut by charter dated 1213, which names "dominus Poncius pater meus"[824].� "Pedro de Cervera, su esposa Jusiana y su hija Ana" confirmed donations to the Order of the Hospital de Cervera by charter dated 1215[825].� "Pedro de Cervera y su esposa Jusiana" returned property to the monastery of San Juan las Fonts which had been wrongly retained by their predecessors by charter dated 29 May 1219, signed by "Petrus de Cervaria, Jusiane uxoris eius�"[826].� The testament of "Pedro de Cervera", dated 18 Feb 1260 [presumably misdated, as he is referred to as deceased in the charters of his wife dated 7 Mar 1251 and 16 Jul 1255], bequeathes property to "su esposa Jusiana�su hija Ana�su sobrino Raimundo de Oliv�s"[827].� m (before 22 Oct 1205) JUSIANA de Emp�ries, daughter of PONCE [III] Comte de Emp�ries & [his first wife Adelaida ---] (-after 16 Aug 1255).� �Poncius de Ceruaria�, on his marriage to �Iosiane filie Poncii Ugonis comitis�, granted property �in Gerundensi episcopatu� to �Impuriarum et Petro filio meo� by charter dated 18 Nov 1194[828].� The other charters quoted below indicate that this marriage must never have taken place.� Presumably Ponce de Cevera died, and Jusiana married Pere de Cervera instead of his father.� �Ugo...Impurianum comes� exchanged property with �Iusiane sorori mee� by charter dated 8 Jul 1202[829].� �Iusiana� donated �mansum...in parrochia Sancte Marie Castilionis� to Sant Daniel de Girona, with the consent of �fratris mei Hugonis comitis Impuritanensis et Petri de Ceruaria mariti mei�, by charter dated 22 Oct 1205[830].� "Petrus de Cervaria et uxor mea Iusiana" reached agreement with "Berenguer de Villari et matri tue Saurimonde" concerning the honour of the parish of Montagut by charter dated 1213, which names "dominus Poncius pater meus"[831].� "Pedro de Cervera, su esposa Jusiana y su hija Ana" confirmed donations to the Order of the Hospital de Cervera by charter dated 1215[832].� "Pedro de Cervera y su esposa Jusiana" returned property to the monastery of San Juan las Fonts which had been wrongly retained by their predecessors by charter dated 29 May 1219, signed by "Petrus de Cervaria, Jusiane uxoris eius�"[833].� �Domina Iusiana uxor quondam Petri de Ceruaria� granted income to �Arnallum de Maxella diachonem� by charter dated 7 Mar 1251[834].� The testament of �Iusiana domina [uxor quondam Petri de] Ceruaria�, dated 16 Jul 1255, made donations for the souls of �domini Hugonis comitis Impuriarum condam fratris mei et domini Petri de Ceruaria condam viri mei�, waived the debt of �Guilelme filie Raimundi de Prato filiole mee�, and appointed �Beatricem filiam meam heredem de castro meo...de Toralis...filiam meam Agnetem heredem in 10,000 solidorum�[835].� �Domina Iusiana uxor condam Petri de Ceruaria� donated �decima in parrochia Sancti Michaelis de Septemdomibus� to Sant Daniel de Girona by charter dated 16 Aug 1255[836].� The testament of "Pedro de Cervera", dated 18 Feb 1260 [presumably misdated, as he is referred to as deceased in the charters dated 7 Mar 1251 and 16 Jul 1255], bequeathes property to "su esposa Jusiana�su hija Ana�su sobrino Raimundo de Oliv�s"[837].� Pere & his wife had three children:�

i) ANA de Cervera (-before 16 Jul 1255).� "Pedro de Cervera, su esposa Jusiana y su hija Ana" confirmed donations to the Order of the Hospital de Cervera by charter dated 1215[838].� The testament of "Pedro de Cervera", dated 18 Feb 1260 [presumably misdated, as he is referred to as deceased in the charters dated 7 Mar 1251 and 16 Jul 1255], bequeathes property to "su esposa Jusiana�su hija Ana�su sobrino Raimundo de Oliv�s"[839].�

ii) BEATRIX de Cervera (-after 16 Jul 1255).� The testament of �Iusiana domina [uxor quondam Petri de] Ceruaria�, dated 16 Jul 1255, appointed �Beatricem filiam meam heredem de castro meo...de Toralis...filiam meam Agnetem heredem in 10,000 solidorum�[840].�

iii) INES de Cervera (-after 16 Jul 1255).� The testament of �Iusiana domina [uxor quondam Petri de] Ceruaria�, dated 16 Jul 1255, appointed �Beatricem filiam meam heredem de castro meo...de Toralis...filiam meam Agnetem heredem in 10,000 solidorum�[841].�

4. BERENGUER (-[19 Nov 1155/28 Feb 1164]).� "Almodis vicecomitissa Bassensis" freed serfs, for the soul of "mariti mei Pontii de Cervaria" and with the consent of "omnium filiorum meorum", by charter dated 19 Nov 1155, subscribed by "Ugoni filii eius, Poncii filii eius, Berengarii filii eius�"[842].�

5. GAIA (-[1186/89]).� �Adalmus soror comes Barchinonensis...cum filiis meis Ugo et Poncius et Raimundus de Torrea Rubea genere meo et coniux eius Gaia filia mea� donated �alaudio infra terminos de Espulga de Tallad� to the monastery of Valldemaria by charter dated 28 Feb 1164[843].� "Ugo vicecomitis et Pontius frater meus et Raimundus de Cervaria uxorque eius Pontia et Raimundus de Turre Rubea uxorque eius Gaia" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 20 Nov 1171[844].� m (1160) RAMON de Torroja, son of --- (-1196).�

6. PERE RAIMUNDO de Cevera (-after 5 May 1231). �m SIBILA, daughter of --- (-after 5 May 1231).� "Do�a Sibilia esposa de Pedro Raimundo de Cervera" founded a benefice at the church of San F�lix de Gerona by charter dated 5 May 1231[845].�

1. HUG de Torroja (-after 8 Aug 1218).� Vescomte de Bas.� The testament of "Hugo de Torroja vizconde de Bas" is dated 8 Aug 1218, bequeathes the castles of Espluga and Olmells to "su hermana Eldiardis" and all his rights in Bas to "la esmentada senyora�a atendre al fill d�Uch de Bas"[846].�

2. ELDIARDA de Torroja (-after 25 Aug 1231).� The testament of "Hugo de Torroja vizconde de Bas" is dated 8 Aug 1218, bequeathes the castles of Espluga and Olmells to "su hermana Eldiardis" and all his rights in Bas to "la esmentada senyora�a atendre al fill d�Uch de Bas"[847].� "Domna Elliardis�vicem in locum Petri vice-comitis de Baso" granted property to "Petro de Manuleuo" by charter dated 5 May 1226[848].� "Eldiardis de Palacio" donated property "in Comalata et in Bas et in Giron�s" to "filio meo Simoni" on his marriage, retaining revenue for life for herself and "filie mee Constancie", by charter dated 25 Aug 1231[849].� m GUILLEM de Palau, son of --- (-before 25 Aug 1231).� His name is confirmed by the charter dated 10 Dec 1239 under which [his son] �Symon filius domini Guilelmi de Palacio� swore homage to Sant Joan de les Abadesses for �castrum de Lazers...et...castri de Malan�[850].� Guillem & his wife had two children:�

a) SIMON de Palau (-[27 Jul 1243/21 Feb 1247]).� "Eldiardis de Palacio" donated property "in Comalata et in Bas et in Giron�s" to "filio meo Simoni" on his marriage, retaining revenue for life for herself and "filie mee Constancie", by charter dated 25 Aug 1231[851].� Vescomte de Bas.� "Simon de Palacio tenens locum vice comitis de Basso" granted "castlanie de Melanno" to "Bernardo Hugonis de Serralonga" by charter dated 4 Mar 1238[852].� �Symon de Palacio tenens locum Petri vicecomitis de Basso� agreed with the abbot of Sant Joan de les Abadesses to respect the agreements under which �Udalardum vicecomitem et Raimundo Poncii de Melanno et uxorem eius ac filios� had sworn homage to the abbey by charter dated 10 Dec 1239[853].� �Symon filius domini Guilelmi de Palacio� swore homage to Sant Joan de les Abadesses for �castrum de Lazers...et...castri de Malan� by charter dated 10 Dec 1239[854].� "Simone de Palacio�vicecomite Bassense" donated "montanorum de Melanno et de Leiers�in nostro vicecomitatu Bassense" to the abbot of Ripoll Sant Joan and to "B. Hugonis de Serralonga" by charter dated 27 Jul 1243[855].� m ([25 Aug 1231]) GUERAUA de Anglesola, daughter of ---.� "G. de Palleria" and "Domne Geralde�vice-comitisse de Basso�legitima tutrix Sibilie filie sue" agreed the sale of the honour of Spinalba in the parish of San Esteban de Llan�s by charter dated 21 Feb 1247[856].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� Geralda...vicecomitissa Bassen legitima [tutrix] Sibilie filie mee et domino Symonis de Palacio condam vicecomitis Bassense� agreed with the abbot of Sant Joan de les Abadesses to respect the agreements under which �Udalardum vicecomitem et Raimundum Poncii de Melanno et uxorem eius ac filios� had sworn homage to the abbey by charter dated 10 Sep 1249, and swore homage under a second charter of the same date[857].� Sim�n & his wife had one child:�

i) SIBILA de Palau (-after 28 Jul 1280).� "G. de Palleria" and "Domne Geralde�vice-comitisse de Basso�legitima tutrix Sibilie filie sue" agreed the sale of the honour of Spinalba in the parish of San Esteban de Llan�s by charter dated 21 Feb 1247[858].� Vescomtesa de Bas.� "Da. Sibilia vizcondesa de Bas" granted privileges to the inhabitants of "la villa y valle de Ridaura" by charter dated 1247[859].� "Domina Sibilia�comitissa Impuriarum et vicecomitissa de Basso" granted property to "Berengario filio quondam Petri Angles de Sancti Privati et Marie mater tua" by charter dated 17 Mar 1275[860].� "Dompna Sibilia comitissa Impuriarum et vicecomitissa de Bas filia et heres quondam Simonis de Palatio vicecomitis de Bas" swore allegiance to Pedro III King of Aragon for "castrum Des Mayol�de Malanno�de Castellario, Castrum Follitum, feudum de Petri de Cervaria, castrum de Beuda�de Cavalera et vice-comitatum de Bas" by charter dated 12 Oct 1278[861].� "Dompna Sibilia�comitissa Impuriarum et vicecomitissa de Basso" sold "castri de Melanno" to "Dalmacio de Palol" by charter dated 28 Mar 1280[862].� "Domina Sibilia�comitissa Empuriarum" sold "vicecomitatum de Basso et castrum de Monellis" to Pedro III King of Aragon by charter dated 24 Jul 1280, which names "Poncium Hugonis filium nostrum comitem Empuriarum�quondam Hugonis patris sui et Poncii Hugonis quondam avi predicti filii nostri"[863].� "Do�a Sibilia condesa de Ampurias y vizcondesa de Bas" ordered her fiefholders to swear allegiance to Pedro III King of Aragon by charter dated 28 Jul 1280[864].� m (1262) HUG [V] Comte de Emp�ries, son of PONCE [IV] Comte de Emp�ries [Barcelona] & his [second] wife [Teresa Fern�ndez de Lara].�

b) CONSTANZA de Palau (-after 25 Aug 1231).� "Eldiardis de Palacio" donated property "in Comalata et in Bas et in Giron�s" to "filio meo Simoni" on his marriage, retaining revenue for life for herself and "filie mee Constancie", by charter dated 25 Aug 1231[865].�

Chapter 4. CERDANYA & BERGA

A.�� COMTES de CERDANYA 897-1118

The county of Cerdanya was located in the interior of Catalonia, east of the county of Urgell and north-west of the county of Besal�.� The county of Berga [Bergued�] was situated south of Cerdanya.� The county of Cerdanya was conquered in the 830s by Seniofredo, father of Guifr� [I] "el Pil�s/el Velloso/the Hairy" who was installed as comte de Barcelona in 878 (see Chapter 2.A).� Guifr� [I] was confirmed as comte de Cerdanya i Urgell in 870 by Charles II �le Chauve� King of the West Franks.� Cerdanya passed to Guifr�s son Miro [II], who also held the counties of Conflent and Berga.� The county passed to Ramon Berenguer [III] Comte de Barcelona in 1117.�

MIR� [II] "el Joven" de Barcelona, son of GUIFR� [I] "el Velloso/the Hairy" Comte de Barcelona i Girona & his wife Guinidilda --- (-Oct 927, bur Ripoll Monastery).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Radulfum, Guiffredum, Mironem et Suniarium" as the four sons of "Guiffredus Pilosus comes" & his wife, Mir� succeeding his father in Barcelona[866].� He succeeded as Comte de Cerdanya, Conflent i Berga.� It is unclear whether he succeeded his father in [897] or his paternal uncle after 18 Feb 899.� A charter dated 18 Feb 899 confirms the possessions of "domna Hemmone habbatissa" in "comitatu Cerdaniensis in valle Petrariense in villa�Stegale", in the presence of "Mirone comite et judices Recosindo Bladino", the document specifying the exclusion of "ipsa hereditatem de Domna Windilde cometissa condam�in villa�Provenca�qui sunt de Recosindo"[867].� It is unclear whether "Mirone comite" in this document is the son of Guifr� [I] or his uncle.� Comte de Besal� 913.� A charter dated 16 May 914 records the allegiance of the inhabitants of San Juan, Ogasa, Surroca and Caballera del valle de Ripoll to the abbess of Ripoll Sant Joan, in the presence of "Mirone et Suniario comites et marchiones, Ermemiro et Unifredo vicecomites"[868].� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun "anno XXVIII regnante Karolo rege" (variously interpreted as 921 or 926, depending on how the reign of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks is calculated), names "sorore mea Hemmoni abbatissa, seu Unifredo vicecomite fideli meo et consanguinea mea Gilesinda, et filio suo Remesario vicecomite fideli meo�sorore mea Ermesinda�filio meo Wischafredo�filia mea Guilindo�filia mea Chixilone�filia mea Goltregoto�filia mea Sesenanda" and "uxori mea Ava", also referring (but not naming) "filios meos legitimos"[869].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 928 of �Miro com. filius Wilfredi com.�[870].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "Miro comes" died in 929 and was buried "in ecclesia Rivipolli"[871].�

m AVA, daughter of --- (-[955/26 Feb 961], bur Santa Maria de Ripoll).�� "Rotrudes femina et filias meas�et Vuibertus et uxor mea Goudovara et Emmo" sold property "in comitatu Helenense in Valle-Asperi�alode�Costogia" to "Avane comitissa et filio tuo Holibano" by charter dated 1 Jun 936[872].� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun "anno XXVIII regnante Karolo rege", names "uxori mea Ava" and refers to (but does not name) "filios meos legitimos"[873].� �La condesa Ava y sus hijos Seniofredo, Wifredo, Oliba y Miron subdiacono� donated �alodio en Armancius que habia comprado el conde Miron� to Ripoll by charter dated 15 Apr 938[874].� �Ava comitissa et filiis meis Seniofredus comes et Wifredus comes et Olibra comes et Miro levita� donated property to Cux�, for the sins of �Mironi comitis genitori condam nostro�, by charter dated 1 Jul 941[875].� �Ava...comitissa� donated donated property to Cux�, for the souls of �senioris mei domni Mironis comitis�, by charter dated 30 Dec 961, subscribed by �...Isarnus vicecomes, Wanalgaude vicecomes...�[876].� A charter dated 26 Feb 961 records the donation made by the executors of Ava to Ripoll[877].�

Mistress (1): VIGILIA, daughter of ---.� Bofarull names "Virgilia" as mistress of Comte Mir� but does not cite the primary source which records her name[878].� Bofarull suggests that she was Vigilia de Emp�ries, daughter of Dela [I] Comte de Emp�ries & his wife Cixilona de Barcelona (-957).� He cites a document dated 23 Apr 983 which records judgment at the castle of Besal� in a dispute concerning property acquired by "conde Dela" from the Jews which he bequeathed to "su hija la abadesa Raulo", who donated it to Santa Maria de Ripoll "en sufragio de�su nepote Suniefredo Comite" and naming "su hermana Virgilia"[879].� He identifies "Suniefredo Comite" with "Seniofredo�hijo de la espuria Chixilone casada con Ajalberto" (see below), although it is not clear from the text how he makes this connection, especially as he cites no other source which names the latter "Seniofredo" as "comes".�

Mir� [II] & his wife had four children:�

1. SENIOFREDO [II] de Cerdanya ([900/10]-[30 Oct 966/967], bur San Miguel de Cuix� Monastery).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Seniofredum, Olibam Cabretam et Mironem" as the three sons of "Miro comes", specifying that "Seniofredus filius eius primus" succeeded him in Barcelona and died "sine filio" in 967 and was buried "in ecclesia Rivipolli"[880].� A charter dated 20 Feb 926 records the sale of property to "Seniofredo hijo del conde Miron"[881], which suggests that he must have reached the age of majority by this date.� He succeeded his father in 927 as Comte de Cerdanya, Besal�, Conflent i Berga, jointly with his brother.� �La condesa Ava y sus hijos Seniofredo, Wifredo, Oliba y Miron subdiacono� donated �alodio en Armancius que habia comprado el conde Miron� to Ripoll by charter dated 15 Apr 938[882].� �Ava comitissa et filiis meis Seniofredus comes et Wifredus comes et Olibra comes et Miro levita� donated property to Cux�, for the sins of �Mironi comitis genitori condam nostro�, by charter dated 1 Jul 941[883].� A charter dated 957 records the sale of property to "Seniofredo hijo del difunto conde Miron"[884].� "Seniofredo comite" donated property "in comitatu Cerdaniense" to the monastery of Sant Lloren� by charter dated 27 Apr 966, subscribed by "Deilane vicecomes�"[885].� "Seniofredo conde de Cerda�a y Besal� y su hermano Oliva conde" donated "el alodio de Aiguatebia" to "Isarno vizconde del Conflent" by charter dated 15 Oct 960[886].� �Miro�Gerundensis ecclesi�episcopus ac comes Bisuldunensis�cum fratribus nostro domno Olibano ac Seniofredo comitibus� founded the monastery �sancti Petri Bisuldunensis� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi� by charter dated 24 Nov 977[887], although this document must be misdated if the date of death of Senifredo is correct as shown above.� The testament of �Seniofredus comes�, dated 1 Oct 966, appoints �Isarnus vicecomes et Bernardus vicecomes...� among his executors, makes bequests to religious institutions including �alodem...in villa Avondant vel in Cocollellos vel in villa Asner...qui mihi advenit de Ennegone vicecomite et uxore sua�, bequeathes property to �fratre meo Olibane...fratri meo Mironi...levita�[888].� �Seniofredus comes� donated property to Arulas monastery by charter dated 30 Oct 966[889].� An epitaph at San Miguel de Cuix� records the burial of "Seniofredus Comes nonus Barchinone Rossilionis et Ceritani�" and his death in 969[890].� The archives of Ripoll include donations by the executors of Seniofredo dated 967 and 968[891].�

2. GUIFR� [II] de Cerdanya (-murdered Besal� [Nov/Dec] [957/62], bur Santa Maria de Ripoll).� He succeeded his father in 927 as Comte de Cerdanya, Besal�, Conflent i Berga, jointly with his brother.� �La condesa Ava y sus hijos Seniofredo, Wifredo, Oliba y Miron subdiacono� donated �alodio en Armancius que habia comprado el conde Miron� to Ripoll by charter dated 15 Apr 938[892].� �Ava comitissa et filiis meis Seniofredus comes et Wifredus comes et Olibra comes et Miro levita� donated property to Cux�, for the sins of �Mironi comitis genitori condam nostro�, by charter dated 1 Jul 941[893].� A charter dated 20 May 962, recording the ordination of the abbot of Camprodon, refers to Guifr� as deceased[894].�

3. OLIBA [II] "Cabreta" de Cerdanya (-[988/90]).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Seniofredum, Olibam Cabretam et Mironem" as the three sons of "Miro comes", specifying that "Oliba Cabreta filius eius" succeeded him "in comitatibus Bisuldunensi ac Cerritaniensi"[895], although this appears to ignore an intervening generation.� "Seniofredo conde de Cerda�a y Besal� y su hermano Oliva conde" donated "el alodio de Aiguatebia" to "Isarno vizconde del Conflent" by charter dated 15 Oct 960[896].� He succeeded his brother in [965/67] as Comte de Cerdanya i Besal�.�

-�� see below.�

4. MIR� [III] de Cerdanya (-984, bur Ripoll Monastery).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Seniofredum, Olibam Cabretam et Mironem" as the three sons of "Miro comes", specifying that "Miro tertius filius" was "Gerundensis episcopus et comes", died in 984 and was buried "apud monasterium Rivipolli"[897], although this appears to ignore an intervening generation.� �La condesa Ava y sus hijos Seniofredo, Wifredo, Oliba y Miron subdiacono� donated �alodio en Armancius que habia comprado el conde Miron� to Ripoll by charter dated 15 Apr 938[898].� �Ava comitissa et filiis meis Seniofredus comes et Wifredus comes et Olibra comes et Miro levita� donated property to Cux�, for the sins of �Mironi comitis genitori condam nostro�, by charter dated 1 Jul 941[899].� "Miro levita" donated property inherited from "fratri meo Wifredi commiti" to Ripoll Sant Joan by charter dated 4 May 959[900].� He succeeded his uncle in [965/67] as Comte de Besal�.� �Miro comes� donated property �qui mihi advenit per donationem Seniofredi comitis fratris mei...in comitatu Bisullunensi in villa...Parietes� to the church of Girona by charter dated 2 Feb 968[901].� Bishop of Urgell.� �Olibane...comes et domini Mironis episcopi [...sedis Urgellitan�] fratris nostri� founded the monastery of Santa Maria de Serrateix �in comitatu Bergitano in loco...Serra de Taxo� by charter dated 7 Oct 977[902].� Bishop of Girona.� �Miro�Gerundensis ecclesi�episcopus ac comes Bisuldunensis�cum fratribus nostro domno Olibano ac Seniofredo comitibus� founded the monastery �sancti Petri Bisuldunensis� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi� by charter dated 24 Nov 977[903], although this document must be misdated if the date of death of Senifredo is correct as shown above.� �Miro�Comes atque Episcopus� granted �ecclesiam sancti Vincentii� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi�, with the consent of �Ermengard� comitiss� et filio eis Bernardo�, by charter dated 12 Apr 977[904].� �Miro�Gerundensis ecclesi�episcopus ac comes Bisuldunensis�cum fratribus nostro domno Olibano ac Seniofredo comitibus� founded the monastery �sancti Petri Bisuldunensis� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi� by charter dated 24 Nov 977[905].� "Miro�Gerundensis ecclesie�episcopus" donated property "in comitatu Bisillunense" at Tragur� to the monastery of San Pedro de Besal� by charter dated 2 Jul 978, signed by "Miro�comes atque episcopus�Mir vice comes"[906].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 984 of �Mironis episcopi, filii Mironis comitis�[907].�

Mir� [II] had five children by Mistress (1):�

5. GUISCAFREDO .� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun 921, names "�filio meo Wischafredo�filia mea Guilindo�filia mea Chixilone�filia mea Goltregoto�filia mea Sesenanda"[908].�

6. GUILINDA.� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun 921, names "�filio meo Wischafredo�filia mea Guilindo�filia mea Chixilone�filia mea Goltregoto�filia mea Sesenanda"[909].�

7. CIXILONA.� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun 921, names "�filio meo Wischafredo�filia mea Guilindo�filia mea Chixilone�filia mea Goltregoto�filia mea Sesenanda"[910].� Her marriage is confirmed by a document dated 995 which names "Chixilone" as wife of "Ajalberto", and their son "Seniofredo�nieto del conde Miron"[911].� m AJALBERTO, son of ---.� One child:�

a) SENIOFREDO .� His parentage is confirmed by a document dated 995 which names "Chixilone" as wife of "Ajalberto", and their son "Seniofredo�nieto del conde Miron"[912].�

8. GOTRUDA (-[956/63]).� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun 921, names "�filio meo Wischafredo�filia mea Guilindo�filia mea Chixilone�filia mea Goltregoto�filia mea Sesenanda"[913].� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.� "Gollegod comitissa" donated property "in comitatu Ausona" to Vic by charter dated 18 May 953[914].� m LOPE [I] Comte de Pallars, son of RAIMUNDO [I] Conde de Ribagorza y Pallars & his wife Guinigentes --- (-after 947).�

9. SESENANDA.� The testament of "Miro", dated 13 Jun 921, names "�filio meo Wischafredo�filia mea Guilindo�filia mea Chixilone�filia mea Goltregoto�filia mea Sesenanda"[915].�

OLIBA [II] "Cabreta" de Cerdanya, son of MIR� [I] Comte de Cerdanya & his wife Ava --- (-[988/90]).� "Rotrudes femina et filias meas�et Vuibertus et uxor mea Goudovara et Emmo" sold property "in comitatu Helenense in Valle-Asperi�alode�Costogia" to "Avane comitissa et filio tuo Holibano" by charter dated 1 Jun 936[916].� �La condesa Ava y sus hijos Seniofredo, Wifredo, Oliba y Miron subdiacono� donated �alodio en Armancius que habia comprado el conde Miron� to Ripoll by charter dated 15 Apr 938[917].� �Ava comitissa et filiis meis Seniofredus comes et Wifredus comes et Olibra comes et Miro levita� donated property to Cux�, for the sins of �Mironi comitis genitori condam nostro�, by charter dated 1 Jul 941[918].� "Seniofredo conde de Cerda�a y Besal� y su hermano Oliva conde" donated "el alodio de Aiguatebia" to "Isarno vizconde del Conflent" by charter dated 15 Oct 960[919].� He succeeded his brother in [965/67] Comte de Cerdanya i Besal�.� "Oliba�comes Bisuldun" granted concessions to the abbess of Saint-Jean by charter dated 966[920].� "Oliba comes et marchio et uxor mea Ermengarda" donated property "in comitatu Ausona in valle Riopullensi" to Oliba abbey by charter dated 16 Aug 967[921].� �Oliba...comes et uxor mea Ermengardis et Miro episcopus� donated �alodium...qui nobis advenit per pr�ceptum Domini Regis de condam Vuifredo vicecomite quem vocaverunt Falchero� to Ripoll Santa Maria by charter dated 28 Jun 975[922].� �Olibane...comes et domini Mironis episcopi [...sedis Urgellitan�] fratris nostri� founded the monastery of Santa Maria de Serrateix �in comitatu Bergitano in loco...Serra de Taxo� by charter dated 7 Oct 977[923].� �Miro�Gerundensis ecclesi�episcopus ac comes Bisuldunensis�cum fratribus nostro domno Olibano ac Seniofredo comitibus� founded the monastery �sancti Petri Bisuldunensis� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi� by charter dated 24 Nov 977[924], although this document must be misdated if the date of death of Senifredo is correct as shown above.� He tried to subjugate the county of Ras�s but was defeated in 981 by the Comte de Carcassonne-Ras�s[925].� "Oliba comes et coniux mea Ermengards" donated property to Sant Lloren� de Bag� by charter dated 15 Jan 981, subscribed by "Bernardus prolis, Wifredus prolis, Oliba prolis, Bernardus vicecomes Cerdaniense, Bernardus vicecomite Confluente"[926].� "Oliba�comes et Ermengardis comitissa" donated "alodum nostrum�in comitatu Bergintano in apendicio de Castro Vivario, qui fuit de Goldregoto" to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 1 Feb 988[927].� "Oliba�comes et Ermengards comitissa" donated "alodum nostrum�in comitatu Rosselionensi�villam�Basone cum ecclesia Sancti Vincentii et Sancti Joannis" to the monastery of Cuix� by charter dated 14 Feb 988[928].� He abdicated in 988 and entered the Benedictine monastery at Montecasino.� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records the death in 990 of "Olibano Cabret�"[929].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 990 of �Olibanus Capreta comes�[930].� A charter dated 988 records that "Bernardus comes cum filio suo Guilliermo et�Guifredus frater eius" were left under the protection of the Pope by "pi� memori� patre Oliba comite"[931], which suggests that Oliba died shortly before this date.�

m (before 16 Aug 967) ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- (-after 2 Jan 995).� Oliba and his wife Ermengarde donated property to Santa Maria de Ripoll by charter dated 16 Aug 967, expressed to be "in the hope of having children"[932].� "Oliba comes et marchio et uxor mea Ermengarda" donated property "in comitatu Ausona in valle Riopullensi" to Oliba abbey by charter dated 16 Aug 967[933].� �Oliba...comes et uxor mea Ermengardis et Miro episcopus� donated �alodium...qui nobis advenit per pr�ceptum Domini Regis de condam Vuifredo vicecomite quem vocaverunt Falchero� to Ripoll Santa Maria by charter dated 28 Jun 975[934].� "Oliba�comes et Ermengarde comitissa" donated property to the abbey of Cuix� by charter dated 988[935].� �Miro�Comes atque Episcopus� granted �ecclesiam sancti Vincentii� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi�, with the consent of �Ermengard� comitiss� et filio eis Bernardo�, by charter dated 12 Apr 977[936].� "Oliba comes et coniux mea Ermengards" donated property to Sant Lloren� de Bag� by charter dated 15 Jan 981[937].� "Oliba�comes et Ermengardis comitissa" donated "alodum nostrum�in comitatu Bergintano in apendicio de Castro Vivario, qui fuit de Goldregoto" to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 1 Feb 988[938].� "Ermengardis�comitissa cum suo prole Olibane" granted property to "Oriolo�in comitatu Bergitano" by charter dated 30 Jul 990, subscribed by "Bernardus�comes"[939].� �Ermengardis comitissa...cum prole meo Olibane...comes� donated property �in comitatu Bergitanensium infra terminis castrum Pinos in locum...Selers de Oriol� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 2 Jan 995[940].�

Mistress (1): INGIBERGA de Besora, daughter of ---.� The primary source which confirms her name and relationship with Comte Oliba has not yet been identified.��

Oliba [II] & his wife had five children:�

1. BERNAT [I] "Tallaferro" de Cerdanya (-[26 Sep/13 Oct] 1020, bur Ripoll).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Bernardum, Olibam et Guiffredum" as the three sons of "Olibano Cabret�", specifying that "Bernardus filius eius" succeeded "in comitatu Bisulduni"[941].� �Miro�Comes atque Episcopus� granted �ecclesiam sancti Vincentii� to �ecclesi� Bisuldunensi�, with the consent of �Ermengard� comitiss� et filio eis Bernardo�, by charter dated 12 Apr 977[942].� He succeeded his father in 988 as Comte de Besal� i Ripoll.�

-�� COMTES de BESAL�.�

2. GUIFR� [III] de Cerdanya (-[before 2 Feb 1046 or 31 Jul 1049], bur San Mart�n de Canig�n).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Bernardum, Olibam et Guiffredum" as the three sons of "Olibano Cabret�", specifying that "Guiffredus" succeeded "in comitatu Cerritani�"[943].� He succeeded his father in 988 as Comte de Cerdanya i Berga.�

-�� see below.�

3. OLIBA de Cerdanya (971-1046, bur Cuix� Monastery).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Bernardum, Olibam et Guiffredum" as the three sons of "Olibano Cabret�", stating in a later passage that Oliba was "Monachus Rivipulli et Abbas, deinde Episcopus Vicensis", died in 1047 and was buried "in Monasterio Cuxanensi"[944].� "Oliba comes et coniux mea Ermengards" donated property to Sant Lloren� de Bag� by charter dated 15 Jan 981, subscribed by "Bernardus prolis, Wifredus prolis, Oliba prolis�"[945].� "Oliba comes�cum Berengarius et Olibanus filii mei" confirmed a donation to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated to [983/84][946].� Comte de Berga i Ripoll.� "Ermengardis�comitissa cum suo prole Olibane" granted property to "Oriolo�in comitatu Bergitano" by charter dated 30 Jul 990, subscribed by "Bernardus�comes"[947].� �Ermengardis comitissa...cum prole meo Olibane...comes� donated property �in comitatu Bergitanensium infra terminis castrum Pinos in locum...Selers de Oriol� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 2 Jan 995[948].� �Oliba...comes� donated property inherited from �genitori meo...Oliba comite� to Sant Pere de la Portella �in comitatu Bergitani� by charter dated 15 Jul 997, subscribed by �Bernardus...comes, Bardina vicecomite...�[949].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records in 1002 that �Oliba comes factus est monachus�[950].� Abbot of Ripoll and Cuix� 1008.� Bishop of Vic 1017.� "Guifredus�archiepiscopi Narbonensis, filius Guifredi comitis et Oliva pontifex Ausonensis frater prephati comitis" dedicated Sant Pau del Pi by charter dated 14 Oct 1022[951].� The testament of �Bernardo quondam Comite� dated 26 Sep �XXV regnante Roberto Rege� (1020) names ��Oliva frater suus[952].� "Guifredus comes" donated property to the monastery of Ripoll by charter dated [1023?] which names "fratris mei Olive pontifice Ausonensis"[953].�

4. BERENGUER de Cerdanya (-1003).� "Oliba comes�cum Berengarius et Olibanus filii mei" confirmed a donation to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated to [983/84][954].� Bishop of Elna.�

5. ADELAIS de Cerdanya (-[1024]).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� m JUAN de Oriol Se�or de Sales, son of ---.�

6. [--- .]� m ---.� One child:�

a) ARNAU (-after 10 Jul 1011).� "Bernardus�comes" donated "castellum�Talteuul" to "filio meo Guillelmo", and if he died to "fratrem tuum", and if the latter died to "nepotem meum Arnallum", by charter dated 10 Jul 1011, subscribed by "�Oliba vice comes�"[955].� The chronology suggests that Comte Bernat [I] was too young in 1011 to have grandchildren.� It is assumed therefore that "nepotem" in this charter should be interpreted as nephew.� No other trace has been found of this person.�

Oliba [II] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

7. INGIBERGA (-before 1046).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� Abbess of Ripoll Sant Joan.

GUIFR� [III] de Cerdanya, son of OLIBA [II] "Cabreta" Comte de Cerdanya i Besal� & his wife Ermengarda [de Emp�ries] (-[before 2 Feb 1046 or 31 Jul 1049], bur San Mart�n de Canig�n).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Bernardum, Olibam et Guiffredum" as the three sons of "Olibano Cabret�", specifying that "Guiffredus" succeeded "in comitatu Cerritani�"[956].� "Oliba comes et coniux mea Ermengards" donated property to Sant Lloren� de Bag� by charter dated 15 Jan 981, subscribed by "Bernardus prolis, Wifredus prolis, Oliba prolis�"[957].� He succeeded his father in 988 as Comte de Cerdanya i Berga.� A charter dated 988 records that "Bernardus comes cum filio suo Guilliermo et�Guifredus frater eius" were left under the protection of the Pope by "pi� memori� patre Oliba comite"[958].� The Chronicon breve Canigonensis records that "Guifredus comes" founded "monasterium Sancti Martini Canigonensis" in "A.D. 1001, era 1039, anno VI Rodberti regis"[959].� �Vuifredus...comes et Bardina vicecomes et uxor sua...Adalez� donated �alodem...in comitatum Berguitano super castrum...Matrona, ipsa rocca...Terraca� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 15 Oct 1003[960].� �Guifredus...comes et uxor mea...Wisla comitissa� donated property �in suburbio Helinense in valle Confluente...in locum...Algadedo� to Canigon Sant Martin by charter dated 12 Jun 1006[961].� "Wifredus�comes et uxori me� Wisla comitissa" donated property to Ripoll monastery by charter dated 24 Feb 1011[962].� �Vuifredus...comes et uxor mea...Guila c[omitissa]� donated property �in comitatum Berguitano in appenditio de Avizano in...Val de Serra� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 28 Oct 1017[963].� A charter dated 29 Aug 1019 records the judgment, in the presence of "dompno Bernardo comite et fratre suo dompno Gifredo", in favour of "Seniofredo vicecomite" relating to the church of Santa Coloma del Conflent which had been held by "Bernardo vicecomite vel a filio suo Seniofredo vicecomite"[964].� The Chronicon breve Canigonensis records that "Guifredus comes" became a monk in 1036[965].� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "comitatus Cerritani� cum Castro-Sono quem teneo de Redes et comitatus Confluente�quem teneo de Rossilione" to "filio meo Raimundo", "comitatus Bergitano�et Castrum S. Stephani de castro Folit, et Pugalto et Gavar et Porello et Albispino" to "filii mei Bernardi" and in case of his death without legitimate heirs to "fratris sui Berengarii", "in comitatu Confluente alodem meum de Com�" to "filio�meo Guifredo archiepiscopo", property "quod Arnallus Boni filius tenet" to "filio�meo Ardoino", "ecclesiam S. Mari� Ripensi" to "Guillelmo�filio meo", "alodem meo de Molig" to "filio�meo Berengario", "alodem de Campoltne�[et] hereditate in villa Onnega" to "fili� me� Fidei", "mea dominicatura de Livia" to "uxori�me�" specifying that "ipsa cum filio suo [Bernardo] teneat comitatum Bergitani" and in case of his death "cum filio suo Berengario"[966].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "Guifredus filius Olibani comitis" died in 1025 [evidently misdated] and was buried "in Monasterio Caninogensi"[967].� An epitaph (now destroyed) in the monastery of San Mart�n de Canig�n recorded the death in Jul 1049 of "Guifredi comitis Cineres"[968].� A document recording the removal of the remains in 1332 of "dominus Wifredus condam, comes" and "eius uxor Elisabet comitis�" records his death "pridie Kal Aug" in 1049[969].� The Chronicon breve Canigonensis records the death "pridie Kal Aug" in 1050 of "dictus Guifredus"[970].� There is some doubt about the year of Guifr�s death assuming that the charter, dated 2 Feb 1046, in which his son is named is correctly dated.�

m firstly (before 12 Jun 1006) GUISLA, daughter of --- (-[20 Mar 1020/20 Jun 1020]).� �Guifredus...comes et uxor mea...Wisla comitissa� donated property �in suburbio Helinense in valle Confluente...in locum...Algadedo� to Canigon Sant Martin by charter dated 12 Jun 1006[971].� "Wifredus�comes et uxori me� Wisla comitissa" donated property to Ripoll monastery by charter dated 24 Feb 1011[972].� �Vuifredus...comes et uxor mea...Guila c[omitissa]� donated property �in comitatum Berguitano in appenditio de Avizano in...Val de Serra� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 28 Oct 1017[973].� The testament of �Guisla comitissa�, dated 20 Mar 1020, appointed �vir meus domnus Guifredus comes...� among her executors, and made bequests to religious houses, proved by charter dated 20 Jun 1020[974].�

m secondly (before 30 Nov 1025) ISABEL, daughter of --- (-after 13 Feb 1038, bur San Mart�n de Canig�n).� �Wifredus...comes et uxor mea Helisabet� sold property to �Arnall et uxor tua Biliard� by charter dated 30 Nov 1025[975].� "Conde Wifredo y su mujer Elisabet" donated property to the monastery of Ripoll by charter dated 5 Feb 1034 (original lost)[976].� She is referred to, but not named, in her husband's testament dated 1036[977].� �Helisabet...chomitissa cum consensu...viri mei Guifredi chomiti� donated �alaudem meum proprium...in comitatu Ceritaniense qui mihi advenit per donacionem viri mei...villas Surigarias...cum ecclesia Sancti Michaelis...� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 13 Feb 1038[978].� A document records the removal of the remains in 1332 of "dominus Wifredus condam, comes" and "eius uxor Elisabet comitis�"[979].�

Guifr� [III] & his first wife had six children:�

1. RAMON GUIFR� [I] de Cerdanya (-1068).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum�Guifredi Comitum et Guifredum Archiepiscopum Narbonensem et Berengarium Guifredi Episcopum Gerundensem et Guillelmum Guifredi Urgellensem Episcopum et Bernardum Guifredi Comitem Bergitani" as the sons of "Guifredus filius Olibani comitis"[980].� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "comitatus Cerritani� cum Castro-Sono quem teneo de Redes et comitatus Confluente�quem teneo de Rossilione" to "filio meo Raimundo"[981].� He succeeded his father as Comte de Cerdanya i Berga.�

-�� see below.�

2. GUIFR� de Cerdanya (-after 6 Feb 1079).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum�Guifredi Comitum et Guifredum Archiepiscopum Narbonensem et Berengarium Guifredi Episcopum Gerundensem et Guillelmum Guifredi Urgellensem Episcopum et Bernardum Guifredi Comitem Bergitani" as the sons of "Guifredus filius Olibani comitis"[982].� Archbishop of Narbonne [1016/19]: Gallia Christiana records a charter dated 1019 in which Archbishop Guifr� was named[983].� "Guifredus�archiepiscopi Narbonensis, filius Guifredi comitis et Oliva pontifex Ausonensis frater prephati comitis" dedicated Sant Pau del Pi by charter dated 14 Oct 1022[984].� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "in comitatu Confluente alodem meum de Com�" to "filio�meo Guifredo archiepiscopo"[985].� "Guilielmus comes filius Adalaiz" promised "Guifredum archiepiscopum filium Guisle comitiss�" not to disturb church property by charter dated to [1053][986].� Gallia Christiana records events in 1079 in which Archbishop Guifr� was implicated and for which he was excommunicated 6 Feb 1079[987].�

3. ARDOINO de Cerdanya (-1050).� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing property "quod Arnallus Boni filius tenet" to "filio�meo Ardoino"[988].�

4. GUILLEM de Cerdanya (-1075).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum�Guifredi Comitum et Guifredum Archiepiscopum Narbonensem et Berengarium Guifredi Episcopum Gerundensem et Guillelmum Guifredi Urgellensem Episcopum et Bernardum Guifredi Comitem Bergitani" as the sons of "Guifredus filius Olibani comitis"[989].� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "ecclesiam S. Mari� Ripensi" to "Guillelmo�filio meo"[990].� Bishop of Urgell.� �Raimundus proles Guifredi...comes Cerritaniense et uxor mea...Adala� sold property �in comitatu Cerritaniense� to �Guifredo vicario Portelle� by charter dated 11 Nov �anno V regnante Rodberto rege� [equivalent to 1000, which is impossible considering the chronology of the family, presumably redated to 1041/68], in the presence of �domno Guillelmo Guifredi fratri meo episcopus Urgellensi...�[991].�

5. BERENGUER de Cerdanya (-1053).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum�Guifredi Comitum et Guifredum Archiepiscopum Narbonensem et Berengarium Guifredi Episcopum Gerundensem et Guillelmum Guifredi Urgellensem Episcopum et Bernardum Guifredi Comitem Bergitani" as the sons of "Guifredus filius Olibani comitis"[992].� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "alodem meo de Molig" to "filio�meo Berengario"[993]. Bishop of Elna.

6. FIDES de Cerdanya.� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "alodem de Campoltne�[et] hereditate in villa Onnega" to "fili� me� Fidei"[994].� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.� "Ugo�comes" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 23 Mar 1032, subscribed by "�Ricardis su� matris, Fides"[995].� "Hugo Rutenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to the abbey of Conques "pro anima Raiemundi commitis" by charter dated Jan 1051, subscribed by "�Fidei commitisse, Berta commitisse�"[996].� m (before 23 Mar 1032) HUGUES [I] Comte de Rouergue et de G�vaudun, son of RAYMOND [II] Comte de Rouergue, Marquis de Gothie [Toulouse] & his wife Richarde de Millau (-1054).�

Guifr� [III] & his second wife had three children:

7. BERNAT Guifr� de Cerdanya (-[20 Aug 1050/19 Jun 1052]).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum�Guifredi Comitum et Guifredum Archiepiscopum Narbonensem et Berengarium Guifredi Episcopum Gerundensem et Guillelmum Guifredi Urgellensem Episcopum et Bernardum Guifredi Comitem Bergitani" as the sons of "Guifredus filius Olibani comitis"[997].� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "comitatus Bergitano�et Castrum S. Stephani de castro Folit, et Pugalto et Gavar et Porello et Albispino" to "filii mei Bernardi" and in case of his death without legitimate heirs to "fratris sui Berengarii", the document clarifying that Bernat and Berenguer were both sons of Guifr�'s wife living at the date of the testament[998].� Comte de Berga.� �Bernardus Guifredi...comes� donated �mansum de Rialb� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 26 Dec 1048, subscribed by �...Dalmacii vicecomitis...�[999].� �Bernardus...comite� sold �alode...in Villa Meredi...[que] advenit mihi...de genitori meo...in comitatum Bergitano in apendicio de Aviza� to �Ugo� by charter dated 20 Aug 1050, subscribed by �Ugo Dalmaz...�[1000].� �...Dalmacius vicecomes...� and others as executors of the testament of �condam Bernardi Guifredi comes Bergitanensis� donated property to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 19 Jun 1052, subscribed by �Berengarius...episcopus Gerundensis et comes Bergitanensis...�[1001].�

8. BERENGUER Guifr� de Cerdanya (-1094).� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "comitatus Bergitano�et Castrum S. Stephani de castro Folit, et Pugalto et Gavar et Porello et Albispino" to "filii mei Bernardi" and in case of his death without legitimate heirs to "fratris sui Berengarii", and "alodem meo de Molig" to "filio�meo Berengario", the document clarifying that Bernat and Berenguer were both sons of Guifr�'s wife living at the date of the testament[1002].� Comte de Berga.� Bishop of Girona.� �...Dalmacius vicecomes...� and others as executors of the testament of �condam Bernardi Guifredi comes Bergitanensis� donated property to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 19 Jun 1052, subscribed by �Berengarius...episcopus Gerundensis et comes Bergitanensis...�[1003].�

9. ISABEL de Cerdanya.� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�

RAMON GUIFR� [I] de Cerdanya, son of GUIFR� [III] Comte de Cerdanya & his first wife Guisla --- (-1068).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Raimundum�Guifredi Comitum et Guifredum Archiepiscopum Narbonensem et Berengarium Guifredi Episcopum Gerundensem et Guillelmum Guifredi Urgellensem Episcopum et Bernardum Guifredi Comitem Bergitani" as the sons of "Guifredus filius Olibani comitis"[1004].� "Guifredus�comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "comitatus Cerritani� cum Castro-Sono quem teneo de Redes et comitatus Confluente�quem teneo de Rossilione" to "filio meo Raimundo"[1005].� He succeeded his father as Comte de Cerdanya i Berga.� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "comes Raimundus filius Guiffredi comitis Cerritani�" recording that he held the county for eleven years and died in 1068[1006].� He challenged the leadership of Ramon Berenguer I Comte de Barcelona, who launched a military expedition against him in 1044[1007].� �Raimundus proles Guifredi...comes Cerritaniense et uxor mea...Adala� sold property �in comitatu Cerritaniense� to �Guifredo vicario Portelle� by charter dated 11 Nov �anno V regnante Rodberto rege� [equivalent to 1000, which is impossible considering the chronology of the family, presumably redated to 1041/68], in the presence of �domno Guillelmo Guifredi fratri meo episcopus Urgellensi...�[1008].� �Raimundus...comes et coniux mea Adala� donated �alodium...in comitatum Cerritaniense...in parochia Sancte Marie Tolonense ipsa villa...Corts� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 2 Feb 1046, subscribed by �...Bernardus Sinfre vicecomite, Dalmaz vicecomite...�[1009].� A charter dated to [1050] records that �Ermengaudus comes de Urgello in potestate Raimundi comitis de Barcelona et Elizabeth comitiss�� gave as hostages �Mironem vicecomitem filium Guillelmi et Dalmacium Isarni� for performance of his alliance with �Raimundus comes de Barchinona et Elizabeth comitissa� against �Raimundum comitem de Cerdania� and explains the causes of the dispute between the parties[1010].� "Raimundus comes Cerritanie et Adala comitissa" confirmed the service of "homines de�villa de Merengs" by charter dated 8 Feb 1064, which names "Bernardo qui fuit vicecomes Cerritanie"[1011].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "in comitatu Cerritanensi�comes Raimundus, filius�Guifredi Comitis Cerritani�" ruled his county for 40 years and died in 1068[1012].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 1068 of �Raymundus comes Cerritani��[1013].�

m (before 2 Feb 1046) ADELA, daughter of --- (-after 8 Feb 1064).� �Raimundus proles Guifredi...comes Cerritaniense et uxor mea...Adala� sold property �in comitatu Cerritaniense� to �Guifredo vicario Portelle� by charter dated 11 Nov �anno V regnante Rodberto rege� [equivalent to 1000, which is impossible considering the chronology of the family, presumably redated to 1041/68][1014].� �Raimundus...comes et coniux mea Adala� donated �alodium...in comitatum Cerritaniense...in parochia Sancte Marie Tolonense ipsa villa...Corts� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 2 Feb 1046[1015].� "Raimundus comes Cerritanie et Adala comitissa" confirmed the service of "homines de�villa de Merengs" by charter dated 8 Feb 1064[1016].�

Ramon Guifr� [I] & his wife had two children:�

1. GUILLEM RAMON [I] de Cerdanya (-1095, after 7 Oct).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guillelmum�Raimundi et Henricum" as the two sons of "comes Raimundus filius Guiffredi comitis Cerritani�"[1017].� The testament of "Arnallus Bernardi", dated 1067, names "Guilielmo Reimundo seniori meo�et fratre eius Henrico, et Udalgario vicecomite�"[1018].� He succeeded his father in [1068] as Comte de Cerdanya i Berga.� �Guillermus Raymundi filius Adal� comitiss� de Cerritani�� sold property �in civitate Carcasson�...sive in Rodes� to �domno Raymundo comiti Barcheon� et domn� Adalmodi comitiss�� by charter dated 27 Dec 1067 which names �uxorem Adalaidem�filia Petri Raymundi comitis Biterrensis et Rangardis comitissa�[1019].� �Willelmus Ceritanensis...comes� donated property to Cux�, for the soul of �quondam uxoris me� Elizabeth�, by charter dated 20 Dec 1071[1020].� "Guillelmus Raymundi�Cerdani� comes" confirmed the settlement of Villafranca de Conflans by charter dated 9 Apr 1075, subscribed by "Guillelmus Iordani, Bernardi Guillelmi�"[1021].� "Raimundus Bernardi filius�Guisle femine" addressed a charter dated [1078?] to "Guillemum comitem seniorem meum filius�Adele comitisse" [Roussillon] as the other party[1022].� �Guillelmus Raimundi comes hujus provinci� cum uxore mea comitissa...Sancia et filiis nostris...Guillelmo et Bernardo� donated property �in valle Confluenti� to Canigon monastery by charter dated 11 Jul 1084, subscribed by �...Eienrici vicecomitis...�[1023].� �Guillelmus...comes et Sancia comitissa et Guillermus filius noster et Henricus vicecomes� donated property �in comitatu Cerdani� in pago Iuvense infra...vill�...de Herr...� to Elna by charter dated 24 Apr 1086[1024].� "Guillelmus Cyrritanus comes" donated property "monasterium sancti Michaelis archangeli Choxanense�in Elenensi episcopate, in territorio Confluenti" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 30 Apr 1091[1025].� The testament of �Guillelmus Raymundi...comes�, dated 7 Oct 1095, appointed �...Henricum fratrem meum...� among his executors, made bequests to �Guillelmo Iordani filio meo...filio meo Bernardo�, subscribed by �...Dalmatii vicecomitis...�[1026].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records the death of "Guillelmum�Raimundi" in 1095[1027].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 1095 of �Guillelmus comes Ceritani��[1028].� m firstly (before 13 Mar 1067, divorced before [1071]) ADELAIDE de Carcassonne, daughter of PIERRE RAYMOND Comte de Carcassonne-Rasez & his wife Rangarde de Toulouse (-after 3 Feb 1102).� Her marriage is indicated by the charter dated 13 Mar 1067 under which �Rengardis comitissa� donated property �Redes cum omni comitatu Redensi� to �Guillermum comitem generum suum�[1029], and the charter dated 27 Dec 1067 under which �Guillermus Raymundi filius Adal� comitiss� de Cerritani�� sold property �in civitate Carcasson�...sive in Rodes� to �domno Raymundo comiti Barcheon� et domn� Adalmodi comitiss�� naming �uxorem Adalaidem�filia Petri Raymundi comitis Biterrensis et Rangardis comitissa�[1030].� "Adalaidis filia�Rangardis comitissa" sold her rights to Carcassonne to "Raymundo comiti Barcheon� et Almodi comitiss� coniugi tu� et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii" by charter dated 2 Aug 1070[1031].� "Adelaiz comitissa filia�Petri Raimundi comitis de Carcassona et Raingardis uxoris su�" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 3 Feb 1102[1032].� m secondly ([1071]) as her second husband, ISABEL de Urgell, divorced wife of SANCHO I King of Aragon, daughter of ARMENGOL [III] Comte de Urgell [Barcelona] & his second wife Cl�mence de Bigorre ([1052]-1071 before 20 Dec, bur Monastery of San Miguel de Cux�).� Her second marriage is indicated by a document addressed by "comes Ermengaudus" to the comte de Cerdanya under which he promises that if he dies childless his property would be inherited by "germanam meam Elisabet coniugem tuam"[1033].� �Willelmus Ceritanensis...comes� donated property to Cux�, for the soul of �quondam uxoris me� Elizabeth�, by charter dated 20 Dec 1071[1034].� m thirdly (after 12 Nov 1076) SANCHA de Barcelona, daughter of RAMON BERENGUER I "el Viejo" Comte de Barcelona & his third wife Almodis de La Marche (-after 13 Apr 1102).� The publication of the testament of "comitis Barchinone�Raimundi Berengarii" dated 12 Nov 1076 names "duobus filiis suis�Raimundo Berengarii et Berengario Raimundi�filiam suam Sanciam" (the last named specified as unmarried)[1035].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[1036], Sancha de Barcelona was the second wife of Comte Guillem.� This appears chronologically difficult to sustain as the same table states that she was the mother of his children, and is disproved by the charter dated 1087 by which "Guillemus�Cerdaniensis comes" donated property to the monastery of Ripoll, subscribed by "Sancia comitissa"[1037].� �Guillelmus Raimundi comes hujus provinci� cum uxore mea comitissa...Sancia et filiis nostris...Guillelmo et Bernardo� donated property �in valle Confluenti� to Canigon monastery by charter dated 11 Jul 1084[1038].� �Guillelmus...comes et Sancia comitissa et Guillermus filius noster et Henricus vicecomes� donated property �in comitatu Cerdani� in pago Iuvense infra...vill�...de Herr...� to Elna by charter dated 24 Apr 1086[1039].� She is not named in her husband�s 7 Oct 1095 testament.� The testament of �Guillelmus Iordani...comes�, dated 13 Apr 1102, made bequests to �matri me� Sanci� comitiss�...�[1040].� Mistress (1): GUILLA, daughter of ---.� Her name and relationship with Comte Guillem Ramon is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Jan 1107 under which her son "Ermengauds Iocbertus�filius qui fuit de Guilla femina" reached agreement with "domno Gauceran Mir [de Pin�s]" concerning "kastros�de Iosa et de Orsera et de Sanctum Romanum" {Josa, Orsera, Sant-Roma}, which Galceran Mir� held from "comite Guillem fratre meo"[1041].� Guillem Ramon [I] & his third wife had two children:�

a) GUILLEM JORDAN de Cerdanya (-Tripoli [Jul/Aug] 1109).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guillelmum�Jordani et Bernardum-Guillelmi" as the two sons of "Guillelmus-Raimundi", recording that Guillem Jordan left for Jerusalem after succeeding his father[1042].� "Guillelmus Raymundi�Cerdani� comes" confirmed the settlement of Villafranca de Conflans by charter dated 9 Apr 1075, subscribed by "Guillelmus Iordani, Bernardi Guillelmi�"[1043].� �Guillelmus Raimundi comes hujus provinci� cum uxore mea comitissa...Sancia et filiis nostris...Guillelmo et Bernardo� donated property �in valle Confluenti� to Canigon monastery by charter dated 11 Jul 1084[1044].� �Guillelmus...comes et Sancia comitissa et Guillermus filius noster et Henricus vicecomes� donated property �in comitatu Cerdani� in pago Iuvense infra...vill�...de Herr...� to Elna by charter dated 24 Apr 1086[1045].� The testament of �Guillelmus Raymundi...comes�, dated 7 Oct 1095, made bequests to �Guillelmo Iordani filio meo...filio meo Bernardo�[1046].� He succeeded his father in 1095 as Comte de Cerdanya i Berga.� �Guillermus...cognominor Iordanis...Cerdani� princeps� donated property to �ecclesia...in villa Corneliani� by charter dated 4 Mar 1097[1047].� The testament of �Guillelmus Iordani...comes�, dated 13 Apr 1102, appointed �...Bernardi Guillelmi fratrem meum et Henricum avunculum meum...� among his executors, made bequests to �matri me� Sanci� comitiss�...Bernardo Guillelmi fratri meo...Aienrico avunculo meo...Raymundo Berengarii Barcheonensi comiti consanguineo meo�, witnessed by �...Dalmacii vicecomitis, Bernardi vicecomitis...�[1048].� William of Tyre calls him "nepos" of Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse whom he was chosen to succeed in 1105 in Palestine "pending the arrival of comitis Bertrami"[1049].� Albert of Aix records that "comes�de Sartengis Willelmus" succeeded in "terram et civitates de Camolla" [sometimes known as the principality of Homs] on the death of "Reimundo comite et avunculo suo" and attacked Tripoli from the fortress of Mont-P�lerin[1050].� The Kamel-Altevarykh Chronicle records that atabek Toghtikin captured "Rafany�" commanded by "un fils de la s�ur de ce Saint-Gilles qui assi�geait depuis plusieurs ann�es Tripoli" (assumed to be Guillem Jordan Comte de Cerdanya) in A.H. 499 (1105/06)[1051].� "Nepos eius Guillelmus Iordanis" donated property previously held by "Raimundus comes�princeps in partibus Syrie" to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem by charter dated 22 Aug 1106[1052].� He captured Arqa in 1109 after a three week siege[1053].� Albert of Aix records that "Bertrannus filius comitis Reimundi" arrived in Tortosa in March, dated to 1109 from the context, and demanded the territories formerly held by his father[1054].� At a council of crusader rulers held outside Tripoli in Jun 1109, it was decided that Bertrand should receive Jebail, as well as Tripoli once it was captured, under the suzerainty of Baudouin I King of Jerusalem, while Guillem Jordan retained Tortosa and Arqa.� On the death of either, the other would inherit his lands[1055].� Albert of Aix records that "Willelmus de Sartangis" was killed by his �cuyer after a quarrel soon after Tripoli was captured[1056].� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that "Guillelmum�Jordani" was killed by an arrow at "oppidum�Archas�iuxta Tripolim", and died childless[1057].� "Bertrandus�comes Raimundi Sancti Egidii filius" donated property for the soul of "Guillelmi Iordanis consanguinei mei" to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem with the consent of "Poncio filio suo", by undated charter[1058].�

b) BERNAT [I] de Cerdanya (-1117).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guillelmum�Jordani et Bernardum-Guillelmi" as the two sons of "Guillelmus-Raimundi", recording that Bernat succeeded his brother, ruled the county for 18 years and died childless in 1117[1059].� "Guillelmus Raymundi�Cerdani� comes" confirmed the settlement of Villafranca de Conflans by charter dated 9 Apr 1075, subscribed by "Guillelmus Iordani, Bernardi Guillelmi�"[1060].� �Guillelmus Raimundi comes hujus provinci� cum uxore mea comitissa...Sancia et filiis nostris...Guillelmo et Bernardo� donated property �in valle Confluenti� to Canigon monastery by charter dated 11 Jul 1084[1061].� The testament of �Guillelmus Raymundi...comes�, dated 7 Oct 1095, made bequests to �Guillelmo Iordani filio meo...filio meo Bernardo�[1062].� The testament of �Guillelmus Iordani...comes�, dated 13 Apr 1102, appointed �...Bernardi Guillelmi fratrem meum et Henricum avunculum meum...� among his executors, made bequests to �matri me� Sanci� comitiss�...Bernardo Guillelmi fratri meo...Aienrico avunculo meo...Raymundo Berengarii Barcheonensi comiti consanguineo meo�, witnessed by �...Dalmacii vicecomitis, Bernardi vicecomitis...�[1063].� He succeeded his brother in 1109 as Comte de Cerdanya i Berga.� "Bernardus Wilelmi�comes Ceritaniensis" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse by charter dated [4/12] Feb 1114, subscribed by "Raymondi comes Barchinonensis, Dulci� comitiss� uxoris eius, Raimundi et Berengarii filiorum suorum, Geraldi Poncii vicecomitis Gerundensis, Dalmatii vicecomitis de Bergueda"[1064].� The Chronicon alterum Rivipullense records the death in 1117 of �Bernardus comes Ceritani��[1065].� m [SANCHA de �lvar].� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.�

Guillem Ramon [I] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

c) ARMENGOL IOZBERT (-after 23 Jan 1107).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Jan 1107 under which "Ermengauds Iocbertus�filius qui fuit de Guilla femina" reached agreement with "domno Gauceran Mir [de Pin�s]" concerning "kastros�de Iosa et de Orsera et de Sanctum Romanum" {Josa, Orsera, Sant-Roma}, which Galceran Mir� held from "comite Guillem fratre meo"[1066].� The only explanation for this document appears to be that Armengol Iozbert was an illegitimate son of Comte Guillem Ramon [I].� In this case, his second name "Iocbertus" cannot be explained by its being a patronymic, unless it was name of his mother�s husband who may have brought him up in his family.�

2. ENRIC de Cerdanya (-[13 Apr 1102/1117]).� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names "Guillelmum�Raimundi et Henricum" as the two sons of "comes Raimundus filius Guiffredi comitis Cerritani�"[1067].� The testament of "Arnallus Bernardi", dated 1067, names "Guilielmo Reimundo seniori meo�et fratre eius Henrico, et Udalgario vicecomite�"[1068].� Miret y Sans quotes a charter dated 13 Nov 1079 which records the presence of "�Enrich avunculus Guillelmi comitis y Bernardus Bernardi vice comitis de Urg" at an agreement between Guillem Comte de Cerdanya and the abbot of "Sant Sadurni de Tabernoles", but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1069].� Vescomte [de Cerdanya].� �Guillelmus Raimundi comes hujus provinci� cum uxore mea comitissa...Sancia et filiis nostris...Guillelmo et Bernardo� donated property �in valle Confluenti� to Canigon monastery by charter dated 11 Jul 1084, subscribed by �...Eienrici vicecomitis...�[1070].� �Guillelmus...comes et Sancia comitissa et Guillermus filius noster et Henricus vicecomes� donated property �in comitatu Cerdani� in pago Iuvense infra...vill�...de Herr...� to Elna by charter dated 24 Apr 1086[1071].� The testament of �Guillelmus Raymundi...comes�, dated 7 Oct 1095, appointed �...Henricum fratrem meum...� among his executors[1072].� The testament of �Guillelmus Iordani...comes�, dated 13 Apr 1102, appointed �...Bernardi Guillelmi fratrem meum et Henricum avunculum meum...� among his executors, made bequests to �matri me� Sanci� comitiss�...Bernardo Guillelmi fratri meo...Aienrico avunculo meo...Raymundo Berengarii Barcheonensi comiti consanguineo meo�[1073].� m ---.� The name of Enric's wife is not known.� Enric & his wife had two children:�

a) ALMODIS de Cerdanya .� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that Enric had two daughters, of whom one married "Palearensi Comiti" and the other "Vicecomiti de Landres"[1074].� m as his first wife, ARNAU [I] Conde de Pallars, son of RAIMUNDO [IV] Conde de Pallars-Juss� & his wife Valencia de Test (-[after [1111]).�

b) daughter .� The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium records that Enric had two daughters, of whom one married "Palearensi Comiti" and the other "Vicecomiti de Landres"[1075].� m --- Vicomte des Landres .�

B.�� VESCOMTES de BERGA

1. SUNYER (-after 22 Apr 933).� Vescomte [de Berga].� �Suniario vizconde� sold land �en el condado de Berga en el lugar de Serra de Tetxo� by charter dated 22 Apr 933[1076].�

2. ONOFRE (-after 1 Jun 946).� Vescomte [de Berga].� �Onofredus vicecomes et uxor mea Guinedella vicecomitissa� donated �alodium...in comitatum Bergitano infra terminum Castrum Edale� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 12 Jan 941[1077].� �Onofredus vicecomite et Ginelle uxori mee vicecomitissa� sold property �in comitatu Bergitano infra terminum de Castrum Edral in locum...Arboceda� to �Madexo� by charter dated 1 Jun 946[1078].� m GUINEDELLA, daughter of --- (-after 1 Jun 946).� �Onofredus vicecomes et uxor mea Guinedella vicecomitissa� donated �alodium...in comitatum Bergitano infra terminum Castrum Edale� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 12 Jan 941[1079].� �Onofredus vicecomite et Ginelle uxori mee vicecomitissa� sold property �in comitatu Bergitano infra terminum de Castrum Edral in locum...Arboceda� to �Madexo� by charter dated 1 Jun 946[1080].�

3. BRANDU� (-after 5 Oct 956).� Vescomte [de Berga].� �Branduinus vicecomes...cum coniuge mea Chixol vicecomitissa� donated �alodem nostrum proprium ecclesiam...Sancti Vincentii...cum...villa...Anavel� to Sant Salvador de la Vedella by charter dated 5 Oct 956[1081].� m QU�XOL, daughter of ---.� �Branduinus vicecomes...cum coniuge mea Chixol vicecomitissa� donated �alodem nostrum proprium ecclesiam...Sancti Vincentii...cum...villa...Anavel� to Sant Salvador de la Vedella by charter dated 5 Oct 956[1082].�

4. BARDINA (-[15 Oct 1003/10 Apr 1019]).� Vescomte de Berga.� �Vuifredus...comes et Bardina vicecomes et uxor sua...Adalez� donated �alodem...in comitatum Berguitano super castrum...Matrona, ipsa rocca...Terraca� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 15 Oct 1003[1083].� m (before 15 Oct 1003) ADELAIDA, daughter of --- (-after 10 Apr 1019).� �Vuifredus...comes et Bardina vicecomes et uxor sua...Adalez� donated �alodem...in comitatum Berguitano super castrum...Matrona, ipsa rocca...Terraca� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 15 Oct 1003[1084].� "Adalaidis femina�vicecomitissa et filios meos�Bernardo et Dalmatio vicecomite Berguitanense, prolis qd. Bardina vicecomite, et Durando et Olibane et Guifredo levita" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s, in accordance with the wishes of "qd. Bardina vicecomite predicto", by charter dated 10 Apr 1019[1085].� Bardina & his wife had five children:�

a) BERNAT (-after 10 Apr 1019).� "Adalaidis femina�vicecomitissa et filios meos�Bernardo et Dalmatio vicecomite Berguitanense, prolis qd. Bardina vicecomite, et Durando et Olibane et Guifredo levita" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s, in accordance with the wishes of "qd. Bardina vicecomite predicto", by charter dated 10 Apr 1019[1086].�

b) DALMAU (-[3 Jul 1060/15 Mar 1067]).� Vescomte de Berga.� "Adalaidis femina�vicecomitissa et filios meos�Bernardo et Dalmatio vicecomite Berguitanense, prolis qd. Bardina vicecomite, et Durando et Olibane et Guifredo levita" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s, in accordance with the wishes of "qd. Bardina vicecomite predicto", by charter dated 10 Apr 1019[1087].� Miret y Sans records that Vescomte Dalmau and his wife Arsenda sold property "en lo comtat de Cerdanya in pago Bariense", inherited from "matre mea�Adalezo vices comitissa�de patre suo", to the bishopric of Urgell by charter dated 1038[1088].� �Raimundus...comes et coniux mea Adala� donated �alodium...in comitatum Cerritaniense...in parochia Sancte Marie Tolonense ipsa villa...Corts� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 2 Feb 1046, subscribed by �...Bernardus Sinfre vicecomite, Dalmaz vicecomite...�[1089].� Miret y Sans records that Vescomte Dalmau and his wife Arsenda sold property "in comitatum Cerritanie in Baritanense" to the bishopric of Urgell by charter dated 1051[1090].� �...Dalmacius vicecomes...� and others as executors of the testament of �condam Bernardi Guifredi comes Bergitanensis� donated property to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 19 Jun 1052, subscribed by �Berengarius...episcopus Gerundensis et comes Bergitanensis...�[1091].� �Raimundus�, by testament dated 3 Jul 1060, bequeathed property to �tutores mei...Dalmaz vicecomes et Arsen vicecomitissa et filio eius Bernardo...� and appointed them as executors[1092].� m ARSENDA, daughter of --- (-after 15 Mar 1067).� Miret y Sans records that Vescomte Dalmau and his wife Arsenda sold property "en lo comtat de Cerdanya in pago Bariense", inherited from "matre mea�Adalezo vices comitissa�de patre suo", to the bishopric of Urgell by charter dated 1038[1093].� Miret y Sans records that Vescomte Dalmau and his wife Arsenda sold property "in comitatum Cerritanie in Baritanense" to the bishopric of Urgell by charter dated 1051[1094].� �Raimundus�, by testament dated 3 Jul 1060, bequeathed property to �tutores mei...Dalmaz vicecomes et Arsen vicecomitissa et filio eius Bernardo...� and appointed them as executors[1095].� Miret y Sans records that "Bernat vescomte, la seua esposa Letgarda y la vescomtessa Arsenda" donated "terres en lo Bergad�, en lo lloch de Fonollet, districte de Puig reg" to the Knights Hospitaller by charter dated 15 Mar 1067[1096].� Dalmau & his wife had two children:�

i) BERNAT (-[1086/93]).� �Raimundus�, by testament dated 3 Jul 1060, bequeathed property to �tutores mei...Dalmaz vicecomes et Arsen vicecomitissa et filio eius Bernardo...� and appointed them as executors[1097].� Miret y Sans records that "Bernat vescomte, la seua esposa Letgarda y la vescomtessa Arsenda" donated "terres en lo Bergad�, en lo lloch de Fonollet, districte de Puig reg" to the Knights Hospitaller by charter dated 15 Mar 1067[1098].� Vescomte de Berga.� Miret y Sans records that Bernat Dalmau "fill d�Arsendis femine" swore homage to the comte de Cerdanya by charter dated 1068[1099].� m LETGARDA, daughter of ---.� Miret y Sans records that "Bernat vescomte, la seua esposa Letgarda y la vescomtessa Arsenda" donated "terres en lo Bergad�, en lo lloch de Fonollet, districte de Puig reg" to the Knights Hospitaller by charter dated 15 Mar 1067[1100].� Bernat & his wife had [two] children:�

(a) DALMAU (-after 1112).� "Dalmau Bernat filius qui fui Letgardis femine" swore homage to Guillem Comte de Cerdanya by undated charter[1101].� Vescomte de Berga.� The testament of �Guillelmus Raymundi...comes�, dated 7 Oct 1095, is subscribed by �...Dalmatii vicecomitis...�[1102].� The testament of �Guillelmus Iordani...comes�, dated 13 Apr 1102, is witnessed by �...Dalmacii vicecomitis, Bernardi vicecomitis...�[1103].� "Domnus Dalmacii [�Bernat filius qui fui Letgardis femine] vice comes et uxor mea Agilaui vice comitissa" donated "terres en Cerdanya y Bergad�" to "Guillem B. de Vallseca" by charter dated 1112[1104].� m AGILAVA, daughter of --- (-after 1112).� "Domnus Dalmacii vice comes et uxor mea Agilaui vice comitissa" donated "terres en Cerdanya y Bergad�" to "Guillem B. de Vallseca" by charter dated 1112[1105].�

(b) [BERNAT .� Vescomte.� The testament of �Guillelmus Iordani...comes�, dated 13 Apr 1102, is witnessed by �...Dalmacii vicecomitis, Bernardi vicecomitis...�[1106].� The second witness has not been identified.� It does not appear that he was vescomte de Cerdanya, who was named Ramon at the time.� It is possible that he was related to the first witness, either his brother or his son.]�

ii) UG Dalmau de Cervera (-before 1079).� Miret y Sans records that "Uch Dalmau de Cervera�fil de la vescomtessa Arsenda" swore homage to Ramon Berenguer Comte de Barcelona by charter dated to [1052/76][1107].�

-�� CERVERA, VESCOMTES de BAS.�

c) DURAND .� "Adalaidis femina�vicecomitissa et filios meos�Bernardo et Dalmatio vicecomite Berguitanense, prolis qd. Bardina vicecomite, et Durando et Olibane et Guifredo levita" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s, in accordance with the wishes of "qd. Bardina vicecomite predicto", by charter dated 10 Apr 1019[1108].�

d) OLIBA .� "Adalaidis femina�vicecomitissa et filios meos�Bernardo et Dalmatio vicecomite Berguitanense, prolis qd. Bardina vicecomite, et Durando et Olibane et Guifredo levita" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s, in accordance with the wishes of "qd. Bardina vicecomite predicto", by charter dated 10 Apr 1019[1109].�

e) GUIFR� .� "Adalaidis femina�vicecomitissa et filios meos�Bernardo et Dalmatio vicecomite Berguitanense, prolis qd. Bardina vicecomite, et Durando et Olibane et Guifredo levita" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s, in accordance with the wishes of "qd. Bardina vicecomite predicto", by charter dated 10 Apr 1019[1110].�

1. GUILLEM, son of [BERNAT Vescomte de Cerdanya] & his wife Guisla --- (-after 24 Nov 1130).� Vescomte de Berga.� �Guillelmus vicecomes de Berguitano filius que fui Guile vicecomitissa� swore allegiance to �Ugo de Mataplana filio Adeledis� relating to property which �pater suus dimisit tibi in suum testamentum� by charter dated 24 Nov 1130[1111].� The reference to his mother suggests that Guillem was another son of Bernat Vescomte de Cerdanya.� This has not been confirmed.�

C.�� VESCOMTES de CERDANYA

1. ERMEMIRO (-after 23 Jan 926).� Vescomte.� �Idelxerus episcopus, Garsendis comitissa, Suniarius comes et marchio, Ermemirus vicecomes�, as executors of �Wifredo comite quondam filius fuit de Wifredo comite quondam�, executed the testament of the deceased by charter dated 1 Dec 911[1112].� A charter dated 15 Jun 913 records a judgment in favour of Sant Joan de Ripoll in the presence of �Mirone et Suniario comites et marchiones, Ermemiro et Unifredo vicescomites�[1113].� A charter dated 16 May 914 records the allegiance of the inhabitants of San Juan, Ogasa, Surroca and Caballera del valle de Ripoll to the abbess of Ripoll Sant Joan, in the presence of "Mirone et Suniario comites et marchiones, Ermemiro et Unifredo vicecomites"[1114].� �Garsinde comitissa Suniarius comes et Ermemirus vicecomes�, as executors of �condam Guifredi comiti...Borelo�, donated �in comitatu Ausona in terminis de Felgeirolas et de villa Oligo� to Sant Joan de Ripoll by charter dated 9 Sep 916[1115].� A charter dated 23 Jan 926 records a sale of property in �Ausona termino de Requalamero� to �vizconde Ermemiro y su mujer Emma�[1116].� m EMA, daughter of --- (-after 23 Jan 926).� A charter dated 23 Jan 926 records a sale of property in �Ausona termino de Requalamero� to �vizconde Ermemiro y su mujer Emma�[1117].�

2. UNIFREDO (-after 16 May 914).� A charter dated 15 Jun 913 records a judgment in favour of Sant Joan de Ripoll in the presence of �Mirone et Suniario comites et marchiones, Ermemiro et Unifredo vicescomites�[1118].� A charter dated 16 May 914 records the allegiance of the inhabitants of San Juan, Ogasa, Surroca and Caballera del valle de Ripoll to the abbess of Ripoll Sant Joan, in the presence of "Mirone et Suniario comites et marchiones, Ermemiro et Unifredo vicecomites"[1119].�

1. RAMON (-after 1 Mar 954).� Vescomte de Cerdanya.� A charter dated 1 Mar 954 records an agreement between "Raimundi vicecomiti de Cerritania" and "Petri Raimundi vicecomiti Urgellitano atque coniux sua�Sibilla" about "kastro Sancti Martini"[1120].�

2. DEILA (-after 27 Apr 966).� Vescomte.� "Seniofredo comite" donated property "in comitatu Cerdaniense" to the monastery of Sant Lloren� by charter dated 27 Apr 966, subscribed by "Deilane vicecomes�"[1121].�

1. BERNAT (-after 21 Nov 983).� Vescomte de Cerdanya.� �Bernardus Ceritaniensium vicecomes� donated property to Cux�, with the consent of �Vuifredo comite�, by charter dated 1 Jan 963[1122].� "Oliba comes et coniux mea Ermengards" donated property to Sant Lloren� de Bag� by charter dated 15 Jan 981, subscribed by "�Bernardus vicecomes Cerdaniense, Bernardus vicecomite Confluente"[1123].� "Bernardus vicecomite Cerdianense, Bernardus vicecomite Confluente" subscribed a charter dated 21 Nov 983 under which "domno Olibano�comite et marchione" dedicated Sant Lloren� de Bag�[1124].� m [ADALTRUDA, daughter of --- (-after 1020).� �Adaltrudes vicecomitissa et filio meo Sonifredo vicecomes et uxor mea Guisla� reached agreement with Cux� concerning �decimum...[in] alaudem in suburbio Elenense in valle Confluente in villa Bula Suparana� by charter dated 18 Nov 1020[1125].� It is not completely certain that Adaltruda was the wife of Vescomte Bernat, but the name of her son suggests that this is probably correct.]� Bernat & his wife had one child:�

a) SUNIFREDO (-after 22 Mar 1020).� Vescomte de Cerdanya.� A charter dated 1 Nov 1000 records a hearing at Elne in the presence of "Sonifredus vicecomes Cerdaniense"[1126].� A charter dated 29 Aug 1019 records the judgment, in the presence of "dompno Bernardo comite et fratre suo dompno Gifredo", in favour of "Seniofredo vicecomite" relating to the church of Santa Coloma del Conflent which had been held by "Bernardo vicecomite vel a filio suo Seniofredo vicecomite"[1127].� "Willelmus�comes et uxori me� Girberga comitisa" sold property "in comitatu Bisuldense" to "Johanne et uxori tu� Adalaiz" by charter dated 22 Mar 1020, subscribed by "Sonifredus judex, Ademar, Helisiar vices-comite�"[1128].� [same person as...?� SUNIFREDO (-after 18 Nov 1020).� Vescomte.� �Adaltrudes vicecomitissa et filio meo Sonifredo vicecomes et uxor mea Guisla� reached agreement with Cux� concerning �decimum...[in] alaudem in suburbio Elenense in valle Confluente in villa Bula Suparana� by charter dated 18 Nov 1020[1129].� As� noted above, it is not completely certain that this charter relates to Sunifredo Vescomte de Cerdanya.]� m [as her first husband,] GUISLA, daughter of --- (-[31 May/9 Sep] 1025).� �Adaltrudes vicecomitissa et filio meo Sonifredo vicecomes et uxor mea Guisla� reached agreement with Cux� concerning �decimum...[in] alaudem in suburbio Elenense in valle Confluente in villa Bula Suparana� by charter dated 18 Nov 1020[1130].� [Guisla maybe married secondly Arnau, son of --- (-before 21 May 1025).� This second marriage is not completely certain.� However, the reconstruction of Guisla�s descendants appears to make more sense if, as shown below, Vescomte Bernat (who died in 1073) was her son by her first marriage, named after his paternal grandfather.� �Guisla vicescomitissa et Renardo et Poncio Miro et Maiolo et Wilelmo...elemosinarii de conda Arnallo vices conda� donated property �in comitatum Bergedano in apendicio de Castello Edral in locum...Cerdans et ipso maso...in Monte Claro� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 31 May 1025[1131].� A charter dated 9 Sep 1025 records the publication of the testament of �condam...Guisla vices comitissa defuncta�[1132].� Miret y Sans records that "Bernat vescomte filius qui fui Wisle femine" swore homage to "comte Ramon filius qui fuit Wisle comitisse" by charter dated to [1035/68], but does not cite the corresponding primary sources, and suggests that she may have been Guisla, wife of Bernat Vescomte [de Conflent] (see below)[1133].� However, if the date of death of Bernat Vescomte de Cerdanya is correct as shown below, the chronology does not appear favourable to this suggestion.]� [Sunifredo] & his wife had one child:�

i) BERNAT (-1073 or after).� The source which is cited below confirms that Bernat was the son of Guisla.� No source has yet been identified which names his father.� However, as discussed above, the reconstruction of the present family appears to make more sense if he was the son of Vescomte Sunifredo.� Vescomte de Cerdanya.� Miret y Sans records that "Bernat vescomte filius qui fui Wisle femine" swore homage to "comte Ramon filius qui fuit Wisle comitisse" by charter dated to [1035/68], but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1134].� [�Raimundus...comes et coniux mea Adala� donated �alodium...in comitatum Cerritaniense...in parochia Sancte Marie Tolonense ipsa villa...Corts� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 2 Feb 1046, subscribed by �...Bernardus Sinfre vicecomite, Dalmaz vicecomite...�[1135].� It is not certain that �Bernardus Sinfre vicecomite� can be identified as Bernat Vescomte de Cerdanya.]� "Bernardus" swore homage to "Raymundum comitem Cerritaniensem" for "castros�in Cerritania�castrum Sancti Martini et castrum de Miralles et castrum de Cheralt" by charter dated 22 Jun 1061[1136].� "Raimundus comes Cerritanie et Adala comitissa" confirmed the service of "homines de�villa de Merengs" by charter dated 8 Feb 1064, which names "Bernardo qui fuit vicecomes Cerritanie"[1137].� m GUISLA, daughter of --- (-before [1078]).� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1078] under which her son "Raimundus Bernardi filius qui fui Guisle femine" swore homage to "Guillelmum comitem seniorem meum filius qui es Adale comitisse"[1138].� Bernat & his wife had [three] children:�

(a) RAMON (-after 1 Mar 1127).� "Raimundus Bernardi filius qui fui Guisle femine" swore homage to "Guillelmum comitem seniorem meum filius qui es Adale comitisse" by charter dated to [1078][1139].� Vescomte de Cerdanya.� "Raimundi Bernardi vicecomitis, Bernardi fratris eius�" subscribed the charter dated 1081 which records the foundation of the priory of Serrabona[1140].� �Raimundus vicecomes de Cerritania et Petrus Raimundus vicecomes Urgellitanus� agreed that �jamdicto Petro Raimundo et Sibill� uxori eius� would control "castra de Sancto Martino, de Mirales et de Cheralt" by charter dated 1 Mar 1126 (maybe O.S.)[1141].�

(b) BERNAT (-after 1081). �"Raimundi Bernardi vicecomitis, Bernardi fratris eius�" subscribed the charter dated 1081 which records the foundation of the priory of Serrabona[1142].� Miret y Sans quotes a charter dated 13 Nov 1079 which records the presence of "�Enrich avunculus Guillelmi comitis y Bernardus Bernardi vice comitis de Urg" at an agreement between Guillem Comte de Cerdanya and the abbot of "Sant Sadurni de Tabernoles", but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1143].� He suggests that Bernat Vescomte de Urgell was the same person as Bernat, brother of Ramon Vescomte de Cerdanya.� However, if this was correct, it is unclear why Bernat would not have been accorded the title vescomte in the charter dated 1081.� It is suggested that the two references to Bernat must relate to two separate persons.�

(c) [GUILLEM (-after 24 Nov 1130).� Vescomte de Berga.� �Guillelmus vicecomes de Berguitano filius que fui Guile vicecomitissa� swore allegiance to �Ugo de Mataplana filio Adeledis� relating to property which �pater suus dimisit tibi in suum testamentum� by charter dated 24 Nov 1130[1144].� The reference to his mother suggests that Guillem was another son of Bernat Vescomte de Cerdanya.� This has not been confirmed.]�

D.�� VESCOMTES de CARDONA

Two brothers:�

1. WADALDO [Guadall] (-[5 Apr 978/18 May 981]).� Vescomte.� A charter dated 7 Feb 938 records a judgment in favour of the bishopric of Vic in the presence of �Suniario comite et Wadaldo vicecomite�[1145].� �El vizconde Wadaldo y su muger Ermetructes� sold land in Manresa by charter dated 19 Jul 947[1146].� �Decio y Elio conjuges� sold property to �Wadaldo viscompte� by charter dated 19 Sep 959[1147].� [�Ava...comitissa� donated donated property to Cux�, for the souls of �senioris mei domni Mironis comitis�, by charter dated 30 Dec 961, subscribed by �...Isarnus vicecomes, Wanalgaude vicecomes...�[1148].� It is not certain that �Wanalgaude vicecomes� was Vescomte Wadaldo, although the names are similar.]� "Wadaldo vicecomes" granted property to "fideli meo�Quifredus" by charter dated 27 Apr 963[1149].� A charter dated 22 Feb 975 records a sale of property to "Uuadaldo vicescomite fratre de domno Uuisado episcopo"[1150].� "Wadaldo vicescommite et uxor mea Ermetruite" exchanged property with "Langovardo" by charter dated 5 Apr 978[1151].� m (before 19 Jul 947) ERMENTRUDE, daughter of --- (-after 17 Apr 1007).� �El vizconde Wadaldo y su muger Ermetructes� sold land in Manresa by charter dated 19 Jul 947[1152].� �Sestario� gave property to �Ermatrusa viscondesa� by charter dated 15 Jul 964[1153].� A charter dated 24 Apr 972 records the sale of property to "Ermetryce vicecomitisse"[1154].� "Wadaldo vicescommite et uxor mea Ermetruite" exchanged property with "Langovardo" by charter dated 5 Apr 978[1155].� A charter dated 18 May 981 records the sale of property in Cardona to "Ermetruites vicecomitissa et Ermimiro vicescomes et Lobo"[1156].� �El Baron de Chal�� sold a vine �en el condado de Ossona� to �Ermetruite Biscomptessa� by charter dated [6/12] Jan 986[1157].� �Ermetrusa viscomptesa� granted property �dins lo territori de Castell Corneli...� to �Arnulfo bisbe y Ramon biscompte sos fills� by charter dated 28 Jun 994[1158].� �Durabile et Oliba...� sold property �in comitatu Ausona in apendicio de Roda civitate� to �Ermetructe vicecomitisse� by charter dated 11 Oct 1005[1159].� �Raymundus comes� donated land to Casserres Sant Pere, at the request of �matrona vicecomitissa Ermetrudis�, by charter dated 25 Oct 1005[1160].� �Exemenis...� sold property �en Roda...Aradas� to �Ermatrusa viscondesa� by charter dated 17 Apr 1007[1161].� Wadaldo & his wife had two children:�

a) RAMON (-[13 Dec 1008/15 Jul 1012]).� Vescomte de Cardona.� �Ermetrusa viscomptesa� granted property �dins lo territori de Castell Corneli...� to �Arnulfo bisbe y Ramon biscompte sos fills� by charter dated 28 Jun 994[1162].� "Raimundus vicecomes et coniux mea Enguncia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Bermundus et Eriballus et Fulco" granted property by charter dated 16 Mar 1005[1163].� �Ramon biscompte� donated property �en la parroquia de Manlleu� to Casserres Sant Pere by charter dated 13 Dec [1008/10][1164].� m ENGUNCIA, daughter of --- (-after 30 Apr 1039).� "Raimundus vicecomes et coniux mea Enguncia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Bermundus et Eriballus et Fulco" granted property by charter dated 16 Mar 1005[1165].� �Enguncia vicechomitissa, Bermundo vicechomite...� subscribed the charter dated 15 Jul 1012 which publishes the testament of �condam Suniarii� at the church of Cardona Sant Pere[1166].� "Bermundo�vicecomite et Enguncia vicecomitissa" granted property to "Rodballo Sendredi" by charter dated 12 Apr 1018[1167].� �Engustia y altres marmessors del quondam Ramon viscompte� granted �lo castell de Rupit� to �Bermudo visconde son fill�, except the parts which belonged to �sa mare Ermetruse�, by charter dated [13 Jun 1019/4 Jun 1020][1168].� "Enguntia viceschomitissa et filio meo Bremundo" donated property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in memory of "filio meo Ysouardo" who was killed at that place, by charter dated 16 Mar 1021[1169].� "Eriballus�episcopus�cum fratre meo Fulchone vicecomite ienetrixque nostra Enguncia vicecomitissa" granted the castle of Calet to the bishop of Oliba by charter dated 22 Aug 1038[1170].� The testament of "Enguncia vicecomitissa" is dated 21 Mar 1039 and names "viro meo Raimundo"[1171].� "Eriballus�episcopus et Enguncia vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 30 Apr 1039[1172].� Ramon & his wife had six children: �

i) BERMON (-[11 Jan 1026/18 Apr 1030]).� "Raimundus vicecomes et coniux mea Enguncia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Bermundus et Eriballus et Fulco" granted property by charter dated 16 Mar 1005[1173].� Vescomte de Cardona.� �Ermengaudus...comes et marchio...cum Ermesinde...comitissa et filio suo Berengario...comes et marchio� donated property at �podio de Sicxo...[et] Campo de Rasio� to the church of Sant Miquel de Montmagastre by charter dated 28 Sep �anno XV regnante Roberto rege� [equivalent to 1010, but presumably misdated because of the absence of the second donor�s husband who was alive until 1017], witnessed by �Bremundo vicecomitis Cardonensis, Arnallus Mironis de Tost, Trasuarii de Capoladi, Reimundus filio suo...�[1174].� �Enguncia vicechomitissa, Bermundo vicechomite...� subscribed the charter dated 15 Jul 1012 which publishes the testament of �condam Suniarii� at the church of Cardona Sant Pere[1175].� "Bermundus vicecomes�et Fulcho et Raimundo fratres meos" granted property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in the presence of "domina Ermessindis comitissa", by charter dated 27 Feb 1016[1176].� "Bermundo�vicecomite et Enguncia vicecomitissa" granted property to "Rodballo Sendredi" by charter dated 12 Apr 1018[1177].� �Engustia y altres marmessors del quondam Ramon viscompte� granted �lo castell de Rupit� to �Bermudo visconde son fill�, except the parts which belonged to �sa mare Ermetruse�, by charter dated [13 Jun 1019/4 Jun 1020][1178].� "Enguntia viceschomitissa et filio meo Bremundo" donated property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in memory of "filio meo Ysouardo" who was killed at that place, by charter dated 16 Mar 1021[1179].� The testament of "Bermundus vicecomes" is dated 11 Jan 1026, appointed "domna Ermissindi comitissa et fratre meo Eriballo archilevita et Fulco fratre meo", noted that he was childless, and named his brothers (as above) and "Remundo fratre nostro" as his heirs[1180].� "Ermessendis comitisse et Eriballus archilevita et Fulco frater suus" executed the testament by charter dated 18 Apr 1030[1181].� m ERMESINDA, daughter of --- (-after 30 Dec 1043).� "Bermundus vicecomes�et Fulcho et Raimundo fratres meos" granted property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in the presence of "domina Ermessindis comitissa", by charter dated 27 Feb 1016[1182].� The testament of "Bermundus vicecomes" is dated 11 Jan 1026, appoints "domna Ermissindi comitissa et fratre meo Eriballo archilevita et Fulco fratre meo", noted that he was childless, and named his brothers (as above) and "Remundo fratre nostro" as his heirs[1183].� "Ermessendis comitisse et Eriballus archilevita et Fulco frater suus" executed the testament by charter dated 18 Apr 1030[1184].� "Ermessenda comitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 30 Dec 1043[1185].�

ii) ERIBALO (-after 23 Oct 1040).� "Raimundus vicecomes et coniux mea Enguncia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Bermundus et Eriballus et Fulco" granted property by charter dated 16 Mar 1005[1186].� The testament of "Bermundus vicecomes" is dated 11 Jan 1026, appoints "domna Ermissindi comitissa et fratre meo Eriballo archilevita et Fulco fratre meo", noted that he was childless, and named his brothers (as above) and "Remundo fratre nostro" as his heirs[1187].� "Eriballus�episcopus�cum fratre meo Fulchone vicecomite ienetrixque nostra Enguncia vicecomitissa" granted the castle of Calet to the bishop of Oliba by charter dated 22 Aug 1038, subscribed by "Wifredus vicecomes"[1188].� "Ermessendis comitisse et Eriballus archilevita et Fulco frater suus" executed the testament by charter dated 18 Apr 1030[1189].� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Eriballus vicecomite et Fulchone et Raymundo fratres eius" granted property to "Gomballo" by charter dated 21 Aug 1034[1190].� Bishop of Urgell.� "Eriballus�episcopus et Enguncia vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 30 Apr 1039[1191].� The testament of �Heribaldus...episcopus�, dated 22 Oct 1040, names �Ermessindis comitissa...� as his executors �in comitatibus Gerund�, Auson�, Minoris� seu Cardon� atque Urgelli necnon Barchinon��, refers to property bequeathed by �Bremundus frater meus� under his testament, bequeathes property to �Raimundo fratris mei Fulconis filio...alteri...filio fratris mei Fulconis qui minor est...Heribaldo Amaltrudis me� sororis filio...suo fratri Guitardo...�[1192].� "Heribaldus�Urgellensis episcopus�et oppidi princeps et dominus" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 23 Oct 1040[1193].�

iii) FOLC (-30 Jan 1039).� "Raimundus vicecomes et coniux mea Enguncia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Bermundus et Eriballus et Fulco" granted property by charter dated 16 Mar 1005[1194].� "Bermundus vicecomes�et Fulcho et Raimundo fratres meos" granted property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in the presence of "domina Ermessindis comitissa", by charter dated 27 Feb 1016[1195].� The testament of "Bermundus vicecomes" is dated 11 Jan 1026, appoints "domna Ermissindi comitissa et fratre meo Eriballo archilevita et Fulco fratre meo", noted that he was childless, and named his brothers (as above) and "Remundo fratre nostro" as his heirs[1196].� "Ermessendis comitisse et Eriballus archilevita et Fulco frater suus" executed the testament by charter dated 18 Apr 1030[1197].� "Eriballus vicecomite et Fulchone et Raymundo fratres eius" granted property to "Gomballo" by charter dated 21 Aug 1034[1198].� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Eriballus�episcopus�cum fratre meo Fulchone vicecomite ienetrixque nostra Enguncia vicecomitissa" granted the castle of Calet to the bishop of Oliba by charter dated 22 Aug 1038, subscribed by "Wifredus vicecomes"[1199].�

-�� see below.�

iv) RAMON (-after 21 Aug 1034).� "Raimundus vicecomes et coniux mea Enguncia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Bermundus et Eriballus et Fulco" granted property by charter dated 16 Mar 1005[1200].� "Bermundus vicecomes�et Fulcho et Raimundo fratres meos" granted property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in the presence of "domina Ermessindis comitissa", by charter dated 27 Feb 1016[1201].� The testament of "Bermundus vicecomes" is dated 11 Jan 1026, appoints "domna Ermissindi comitissa et fratre meo Eriballo archilevita et Fulco fratre meo", noted that he was childless, and named his brothers (as above) and "Remundo fratre nostro" as his heirs[1202].� "Ermessendis comitisse et Eriballus archilevita et Fulco frater suus" executed the testament by charter dated 18 Apr 1030[1203].� "Eriballus vicecomite et Fulchone et Raymundo fratres eius" granted property to "Gomballo" by charter dated 21 Aug 1034[1204].�

v) ISOARD (-killed Cardona Castle before 16 Mar 1021).� "Enguntia viceschomitissa et filio meo Bremundo" donated property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in memory of "filio meo Ysouardo" who was killed at that place, by charter dated 16 Mar 1021[1205].�

vi) AMALTRUDA .� The testament of �Heribaldus...episcopus�, dated 22 Oct 1040, bequeathes property to �Raimundo fratris mei Fulconis filio...alteri...filio fratris mei Fulconis qui minor est...Heribaldo Amaltrudis me� sororis filio...suo fratri Guitardo...�[1206].� m ---.� Two children:�

(a) ERIBALDO .� The testament of �Heribaldus...episcopus�, dated 22 Oct 1040, bequeathes property to �Raimundo fratris mei Fulconis filio...alteri...filio fratris mei Fulconis qui minor est...Heribaldo Amaltrudis me� sororis filio...suo fratri Guitardo...�[1207].�

(b) GUITARDO .� The testament of �Heribaldus...episcopus�, dated 22 Oct 1040, bequeathes property to �Raimundo fratris mei Fulconis filio...alteri...filio fratris mei Fulconis qui minor est...Heribaldo Amaltrudis me� sororis filio...suo fratri Guitardo...�[1208].�

b) ARNULFO (-after 29 Jul [1002 or 1010]).� Bishop of Osona.� �Ermetrusa viscomptesa� granted property �dins lo territori de Castell Corneli...� to �Arnulfo bisbe y Ramon biscompte sos fills� by charter dated 28 Jun 994[1209].� The testament of "Arnulphus...episcopus in kastro Quolonicha", dated �quando fuit reversus de Cordova...IV Kal Aug anno IIIIX regnante Radebertus rex� [1002 or 1010?], bequeathed �medietate de kastro Colonico� to �nepotes meos filios fratri meo Remundo vicecomite�[1210].�

2. GUISADO (-after 22 Feb 975).� Bishop.�

1. ERMEMIRO (-after 25 Mar 988).� A charter dated 18 May 981 records the sale of property in Cardona to "Ermetruites vicecomitissa et Ermimiro vicescomes et Lobo"[1211].� This charter does not state the relationship between Ermentrude and Ermemiro.� It is possible that he was the second husband of Ermentrude, whose marriage to Vescomte Wadaldo is noted above, although if that is correct it is unusual that his name follows hers in the document.� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Ernemirus vicecomes�Cardone" donated property to the abbey of Serrateix founded by "Guifredus comes bon� memori�", by charter dated 25 Jul 987, signed by "�Senior Borrello comes�"[1212].� �Ermemirus vicecomes...cum comilitonibus suis...Iozfredus frater Borrello comes� donated property to Santa Maria de Serrateix �in II anno ordinacionis sue, quam odinatus fuit a dompno Borrello comite vicecomitem Cardone� by charter dated 25 Mar 988, subscribed by �...Guillelmus viscechomes qui fuit filius Raimundi Fulchonis, Geralda uxoris sua� [subscription dated to the late 12th century][1213].�

1. --- .� m LEDGARDA, daughter of --- (-after 31 Jan 1035).� �Ledgardis femina et filio meo Guifret viscomes� donated �nos alode...in terminos de Castro Seras in locum...Tiurana� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 31 Jan 1035[1214].� One child:�

a) GUIFR� (-after 22 Aug 1038).� Vescomte.� �Ledgardis femina et filio meo Guifret viscomes� donated �nos alode...in terminos de Castro Seras in locum...Tiurana� to Santa Maria de Serrateix by charter dated 31 Jan 1035[1215].� "Eriballus�episcopus�cum fratre meo Fulchone vicecomite ienetrixque nostra Enguncia vicecomitissa" granted the castle of Calet to the bishop of Oliba by charter dated 22 Aug 1038, subscribed by "Wifredus vicecomes"[1216].�

FOLC, son of RAMON Vescomte de Cardona & his wife Enguncia --- (-30 Jan 1039).� "Raimundus vicecomes et coniux mea Enguncia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Bermundus et Eriballus et Fulco" granted property by charter dated 16 Mar 1005[1217].� "Bermundus vicecomes�et Fulcho et Raimundo fratres meos" granted property to the church of Sant Vicen� del castell de Cardona, in the presence of "domina Ermessindis comitissa", by charter dated 27 Feb 1016[1218].� The testament of "Bermundus vicecomes" is dated 11 Jan 1026, appoints "domna Ermissindi comitissa et fratre meo Eriballo archilevita et Fulco fratre meo", noted that he was childless, and named his brothers (as above) and "Remundo fratre nostro" as his heirs[1219].� "Ermessendis comitisse et Eriballus archilevita et Fulco frater suus" executed the testament by charter dated 18 Apr 1030[1220].� "Eriballus vicecomite et Fulchone et Raymundo fratres eius" granted property to "Gomballo" by charter dated 21 Aug 1034[1221].� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Eriballus�episcopus�cum fratre meo Fulchone vicecomite ienetrixque nostra Enguncia vicecomitissa" granted the castle of Calet to the bishop of Oliba by charter dated 22 Aug 1038, subscribed by "Wifredus vicecomes"[1222].� The necrology of Serrateix Santa Maria records the death "III Kal Feb...anni Dni I.XXX.VIIII" of �Fulco vice comes�[1223].�

m [as her second husband,] GUISLA de Sant Mart�, [widow of SENIOL,] daughter of GERIBERT de Barcelona & his wife Ermengarde de Barcelona (-after 11 Dec 1041).� The testament of "Ermeniardis", dated 17 Oct 1029, bequeathes property to "�Seniol per dominicatione de filia mea Guilla�"[1224], which suggests that Guisla was married to Seniol at that date although this is not expressly stated in the document.� "Gilla vicecomitissa" swore allegiance to "Reimundo comite Barchinonensis et�uxor tua Elisabet comitisa" by charter dated to [Dec 1039][1225].� "Guilla vicecomitissa cum filio Raimundo vicecomite" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 23 Oct 1040[1226].� Her second marriage is indicated by the charter dated 11 Dec 1041 under which "Guiliam vicecomitissam�et filii sui quos habuit de Fulcho vicecomite"[1227].�

Folc & his wife had two children:�

1. RAMON FOLC [I] (-after 23 Jun 1083).� The testament of �Heribaldus...episcopus�, dated 22 Oct 1040, bequeathes property to �Raimundo fratris mei Fulconis filio...alteri...filio fratris mei Fulconis qui minor est...Heribaldo Amaltrudis me� sororis filio...suo fratri Guitardo...�[1228].� "Guilla vicecomitissa cum filio Raimundo vicecomite" and donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 23 Oct 1040[1229].� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Raimundus Fulchonis et coniux mea Ermessendis vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 13 Apr 1082[1230].� The testament of "Raymundus vicecomes" is dated 23 Jun 1083, appointed "manumissores domna Hermisendis vicecomitissa coniux mea et Fulchoni archidiaconi fratris meo", and appointed as his heirs his wife, "Deusdedit et coniux eius Ermesendis filia mea et nepus meus Bernardus Amati" as his heirs[1231].� m ERMESINDA, daughter of --- (-after 12 May 1087).� "Raimundus vicecomes et Ermessendis vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 4 Jul 1064[1232].� �Ermessendis vicecomitissa� donated property to Casserres Sant Pere for the entry of �filios meos...Raymundus et Bonfilio� in the monastery by charter dated [24 Jun 1075/23 Jun 1076][1233].� "Raimundus Fulconis vicecomes [Cardonensis], fraterque meus Fulco archidiaconus, Ermesindis uxor mea" made a donation to Cluny dated 25 Nov 1079[1234].� "Raimundus Fulchonis et coniux mea Ermessendis vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 13 Apr 1082[1235].� The testament of �defuncti vicecomitis...Reimundi Fulconis Cardonensis� was published by charter dated 11 Mar 1087 which refers to the possibility of �filius eius Bermundus� returning from captivity[1236].� "Fulconem vicecomitem et vicecomitissam Ermessendis et Deusdedit Bernardi" agreed that "unum ex filiis iamdicti Deusdedit�ex Ermessendis filia�Raimundi vicecomitis" would inherit Cardona, by charter dated 12 May 1087[1237].� "Fulcho archilevita et vicecomes sive Ermessindis vicecomitissa et�Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 26 Dec 1087[1238].� "Fulchone presul vicecomite et Ermesindis vicecomitissa mulier Raimundi Fulchoni" donated property to Casserres Sant Pere by charter dated 1 May 1096[1239].� Ramon & his wife had four children:�

a) BERMON .� The testament of �defuncti vicecomitis...Reimundi Fulconis Cardonensis� was published by charter dated 11 Mar 1087 which refers to the possibility of �filius eius Bermundus� returning from captivity[1240].� The circumstances of his captivity have not been traced, but his return presumably never occurred as the vescomtat of Cardona was inherited by his nephew, son of his sister Ermesinda.�

b) RAMON .� �Ermessendis vicecomitissa� donated property to Casserres Sant Pere for the entry of �filios meos...Raymundus et Bonfilio� in the monastery by charter dated [24 Jun 1075/23 Jun 1076][1241].�

c) BONFILL .� �Ermessendis vicecomitissa� donated property to Casserres Sant Pere for the entry of �filios meos...Raymundus et Bonfilio� in the monastery by charter dated [24 Jun 1075/23 Jun 1076][1242].�

d) ERMESINDA (-[23 Jun 1083/12 May 1087]).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 12 May 1087 under which "Fulconem vicecomitem et vicecomitissam Ermessendis et Deusdedit Bernardi" agreed that "unum ex filiis iamdicti Deusdedit�ex Ermessendis filia�Raimundi vicecomitis" would inherit Cardona, the document also suggesting that Ermesinda had already died at that date[1243].� m DEODAT de Claramunt, son of BERNAT de Claramunt & his wife ---.�

2. FOLC ([after 1022]-after 1098).� The testament of �Heribaldus...episcopus�, dated 22 Oct 1040, bequeathes property to �Raimundo fratris mei Fulconis filio...alteri...filio fratris mei Fulconis qui minor est...Heribaldo Amaltrudis me� sororis filio...suo fratri Guitardo...�[1244].� "Raimundus Fulconis vicecomes [Cardonensis], fraterque meus Fulco archidiaconus, Ermesindis uxor mea" made a donation to Cluny dated 25 Nov 1079[1245].� Archdeacon.� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Fulconem vicecomitem et vicecomitissam Ermessendis et Deusdedit Bernardi" agreed that "unum ex filiis iamdicti Deusdedit�ex Ermessendis filia�Raimundi vicecomitis" would inherit Cardona, by charter dated 12 May 1087[1246].� "Fulcho archilevita et vicecomes sive Ermessindis vicecomitissa et�Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 26 Dec 1087[1247].� "Fulchone presul vicecomite et Ermesindis vicecomitissa mulier Raimundi Fulchoni" donated property to Casserres Sant Pere by charter dated 1 May 1096[1248].� Bishop of Barcelona.� "Fulcho episcopo Barchinonensis et Deusdedit Bernardi cum filiis meis�Bernardi Amati et Raimundo Fulchonis" donated property by charter dated 3 Jun 1096[1249].� Bishop of Urgell.� "Fulco episcopus Urgellensis idemque vicecomes Cardonensis" donated property by charter dated 25 Jun 1096[1250].� Bishop of Barcelona.� �Fulco...Barchinonensis episcopus et vicecomes Cardon�� donated property to Conches, for the souls of �...Hermensendis vicecomitiss� cognat� me� atque Bernardi Amati vicecomitis nepotis mei, fratrumque suorum�, by charter dated 1098[1251].�

E.�� VESCOMTES de CARDONA (CLARAMUNT)

1. BERNAT de Claramunt .� m ---.� The name of Bernat�s wife is not known.� Bernat & his wife had one child:�

a) DEODAT de Claramunt (-after 3 Jun 1096).� "Deusdedit Bernardi" donated property by charter dated 1 Dec 1087[1252].� "Fulcho episcopo Barchinonensis et Deusdedit Bernardi cum filiis meis�Bernardi Amati et Raimundo Fulchonis" donated property by charter dated 3 Jun 1096[1253].� m ERMESINDA de Cardona, daughter of RAMON FOLC Vescomte de Cardona & his wife Ermesinda --- (-[23 Jun 1083/12 May 1087]).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 12 May 1087 under which "Fulconem vicecomitem et vicecomitissam Ermessendis et Deusdedit Bernardi" agreed that "unum ex filiis iamdicti Deusdedit�ex Ermessendis filia�Raimundi vicecomitis" would inherit Cardona, the document also suggesting that Ermesinda had already died at that date[1254].� Deodat & his wife had three children:�

i) BERNAT AMAT (-after 27 Oct 1135).� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Fulcho archilevita et vicecomes sive Ermessindis vicecomitissa et�Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 26 Dec 1087[1255].� "Fulcho episcopo Barchinonensis et Deusdedit Bernardi cum filiis meis�Bernardi Amati et Raimundo Fulchonis" donated property by charter dated 3 Jun 1096[1256].� �Bernardus...vicecomes Cardone...cum Almodis vicecomitissa� donated �porcum unum et modiata una vinee intra fines Cardone in locum...Bergurc� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 11 Jun 1111[1257].� "Raimundis�Ausonensis ecclesie" confirmed the donation by "B. A. �vicecomes Cardonensis�cum uxore mea Adalmudis et liberis G atque P" of property to Cluny dated 10 Nov 1113, subscribed by "�Guillelmi, Raimundi Fulconis�"[1258].� "Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 30 Apr 1126, subscribed by "Raimundi Fulchonis"[1259].� The testament of �Adalmudis vicecomitissa�, dated 21 Aug 1131, names as her executors �dompminum Bernardum vicecomitem virum meum et...filios meos Guillelmum et Raimundum...� and makes bequests to religious houses[1260].� "Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa�cum Raimundo Fulchoni et Berengario filii" signed an (undated) agreement with the inhabitants of Cardona with respect to the administration of the town[1261].� "Reuertarius vicecomes Barchinonensis" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 27 Oct 1135, subscribed by "Bernardus vicecomes"[1262].� m (before 26 Dec 1087) ALMODIS, daughter of --- (-1140).� "Fulcho archilevita et vicecomes sive Ermessindis vicecomitissa et�Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 26 Dec 1087[1263].� Almodis is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[1264] as Almodis de Barcelona, daughter of Ramon Berenguer [II] "Cap d'Estopes" Comte de Barcelona & his wife Mathilde di Apulia, but the primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�� She is not mentioned as his daughter by Bofarull.� It is possible that the connection is speculative based only her being named after her supposed paternal grandmother.� However, this cannot be considered conclusive as other local families used the same name at the time, as shown by Comte Ramon Berenguer [III]�s second wife also being named Almodis.� If Almodis, wife of Bernat Amat Vescomte de Cardona, was the daughter of Ramon Berenguer, she would have been a young child at the time of her marriage.� �Bernardus...vicecomes Cardone...cum Almodis vicecomitissa� donated �porcum unum et modiata una vinee intra fines Cardone in locum...Bergurc� to Santa Maria de Solsona by charter dated 11 Jun 1111[1265].� "Raimundis�Ausonensis ecclesie" confirmed the donation by "B. A. �vicecomes Cardonensis�cum uxore mea Adalmudis et liberis G atque P" of property to Cluny dated 10 Nov 1113, subscribed by "�Guillelmi, Raimundi Fulconis�"[1266].� "Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 30 Apr 1126, subscribed by "Raimundi Fulchonis"[1267].� The testament of �Adalmudis vicecomitissa�, dated 21 Aug 1131, names as her executors �dompminum Bernardum vicecomitem virum meum et...filios meos Guillelmum et Raimundum...� and makes bequests to religious houses[1268].� Bernat Amat & his wife had [four] children:�

(a) GUILLEM (-after 21 Aug 1131).� "Raimundis�Ausonensis ecclesie" confirmed the donation by "B. A. �vicecomes Cardonensis�cum uxore mea Adalmudis et liberis G atque P" of property to Cluny dated 10 Nov 1113, subscribed by "�Guillelmi, Raimundi Fulconis�"[1269].� The testament of �Adalmudis vicecomitissa�, dated 21 Aug 1131, names as her executors �dompminum Bernardum vicecomitem virum meum et...filios meos Guillelmum et Raimundum...� and makes bequests to religious houses[1270].�

(b) RAMON FOLC [II] (-before 17 May 1151).� "Raimundis�Ausonensis ecclesie" confirmed the donation by "B. A. �vicecomes Cardonensis�cum uxore mea Adalmudis et liberis G atque P" of property to Cluny dated 10 Nov 1113, subscribed by "�Guillelmi, Raimundi Fulconis�"[1271].� "Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 30 Apr 1126, subscribed by "Raimundi Fulchonis"[1272].� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Raimundus Fulchonis filius qui fuit Adalmodis femine et Raimundus et Guillelmus qui fuerunt filii Ermesendis femine" swore allegiance to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated to [1144][1273].�

-�� see below.�

(c) BERENGUER .� "Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa�cum Raimundo Fulchoni et Berengario filii" signed an (undated) agreement with the inhabitants of Cardona with respect to the administration of the town[1274].� [same person as�?� BERENGUER de Cardona (-after 19 Jul 1177).� The testament of "Berengarius de Cardona" is dated 19 Jul 1177, names "manumissores�Petrum de Cardona meum fratrem�Guilhelm de Cardona nepotem meum, R. de Cardona meus consanguineus"[1275].]�

(d) [PERE de Cardona (-after 19 Jul 1177).� The testament of "Berengarius de Cardona" is dated 19 Jul 1177, names "manumissores�Petrum de Cardona meum fratrem�Guilhelm de Cardona nepotem meum, R. de Cardona meus consanguineus"[1276].� The affiliation of Pere de Cardona depends on the correctness of the co-identity of the testator Berenguer de Cardona with the son of Bernardo Amato Vescomte de Cardona. �m ---.� The name of Pere�s wife is not known.] �Pere & his wife had [one] child:�

(1) [GUILLEM de Cardona (-after 19 Jul 1177).� The testament of "Berengarius de Cardona" is dated 19 Jul 1177, names "manumissores�Petrum de Cardona meum fratrem�Guilhelm de Cardona nepotem meum, R. de Cardona meus consanguineus"[1277].� The parentage of Guillem de Cardona has not yet been identified with certainty.]�

ii) RAMON FOLC (-after 5 Dec 1151, bur Cardona Sant Vicen�).� "Fulcho episcopo Barchinonensis et Deusdedit Bernardi cum filiis meis�Bernardi Amati et Raimundo Fulchonis" donated property by charter dated 3 Jun 1096[1278].� "Raimundus Fulchonis filius qui fuit Adalmodis femine et Raimundus et Guillelmus qui fuerunt filii Ermesendis femine" swore allegiance to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated to [1144][1279].� "Guillelma comitissa Cardonensis et filius meus Raimundus, et Raimundus de Cardona et Guillelmus fratres" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 17 May 1151[1280].� The testament of �Raimundus de Cardona et Guillelmus de Cardona fratres�, dated 5 Dec 1151, chooses burial in Cardona Sant Vicent, �dompminum Bernardum vicecomitem virum meum et...filios meos Guillelmum et Raimundum...�, appoints as their heir �[Raimundi] Fulchoni [cosanguineo nostro]�[1281].�

iii) GUILLEM (-after 5 Dec 1151, bur Cardona Sant Vicen�).� "Raimundus Fulchonis filius qui fuit Adalmodis femine et Raimundus et Guillelmus qui fuerunt filii Ermesendis femine" swore allegiance to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated to [1144][1282].� "Guillelma comitissa Cardonensis et filius meus Raimundus, et Raimundus de Cardona et Guillelmus fratres" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 17 May 1151[1283].� The testament of �Raimundus de Cardona et Guillelmus de Cardona fratres�, dated 5 Dec 1151, chooses burial in Cardona Sant Vicent, �dompminum Bernardum vicecomitem virum meum et...filios meos Guillelmum et Raimundum...�, appoints as their heir �[Raimundi] Fulchoni [cosanguineo nostro]�[1284].�

RAMON FOLC [II] de Cardona, son of BERNAT AMAT Vescomte de Cardona & his wife Adalmode --- (-before 17 May 1151).� "Raimundis�Ausonensis ecclesie" confirmed the donation by "B. A. �vicecomes Cardonensis�cum uxore mea Adalmudis et liberis G atque P" of property to Cluny dated 10 Nov 1113, subscribed by "�Guillelmi, Raimundi Fulconis�"[1285].� "Bernardus vicecomes et Almodis vicecomitissa" donated property by charter dated 30 Apr 1126, subscribed by "Raimundi Fulchonis"[1286].� The testament of �Adalmudis vicecomitissa�, dated 21 Aug 1131, names as her executors �dompminum Bernardum vicecomitem virum meum et...filios meos Guillelmum et Raimundum...� and makes bequests to religious houses[1287].� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Raimundus Fulchonis filius qui fuit Adalmodis femine et Raimundus et Guillelmus qui fuerunt filii Ermesendis femine" swore allegiance to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated to [1144][1288].�

m GUILLELMA, daughter of --- (-after 17 May 1151).� "Guillelma comitissa Cardonensis et filius meus Raimundus, et Raimundus de Cardona et Guillelmus fratres" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 17 May 1151[1289].�

Ramon Folc & his wife had one child:�

1. RAMON FOLC [III] de Cardona (-1176).� "Guillelma comitissa Cardonensis et filius meus Raimundus, et Raimundus de Cardona et Guillelmus fratres" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated 17 May 1151[1290].� Vescomte de Cardona.� The testament of �Raimundus de Cardona et Guillelmus de Cardona fratres�, dated 5 Dec 1151 appoints as their heir �[Raimundi] Fulchoni [cosanguineo nostro]�[1291].� m ISABEL SIBILA de Urgell, daughter of ARMENGOL [VI] "el Castellano" Comte de Urgell & his first wife Arsenda de Cabrera (-before [1176/77]).� Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the testament of "Ermengaudus�comes Urgelli", dated 18 Jun 1177, which names "...Guillermum de Cardona nepotem meum�"[1292].� Her name is confirmed by the charter dated to [1176/77] under which her son "Guillelmus de Cardona filius Raimundi Fulchonis qui iam fuit et filius Elisabet femine qui iam fuit" swore allegiance to Sant Vicen� de Cardona[1293].� Ramon Folc [III] & his wife had one child:�

a) GUILLEM (-12 or 13 Jul 1225).� "Guillelmus de Cardona filius Raimundi Fulchonis qui iam fuit et filius Elisabet femine qui iam fuit" swore allegiance to Sant Vicen� de Cardona by charter dated to [1176/77][1294].� Vescomte de Cardona.� "Guillelmus�Cardonensis vicecomes atque Geralda coniux mea vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona, for the soul of "patris mei Raimundi Fulchonis vicecomes Cardone", by charter dated 11 Mar 1186[1295].� "Guillelmus Cardonensis vicecomes" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 29 Mar 1187, subscribed by "domne Geralde vicecomitisse coniugis eius"[1296].� "Domini Guillelmi de Cardona" subscribed a charter dated 25 May 1200 under which "Gerallus de Cardona�Saurina uxor" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona[1297].� �Guilelmus vicecomes de Cardona� donated property to Sant Joan de les Abadesses by charter dated 31 Aug 1205[1298].� The testament of "Ermengaudus�comes Urgelli" is dated 16 Oct 1209 and appoints (in order) "Marquesiam sororem meam�Miracle sororem meam�Guillelmum de Cardona consanguineum meum" as his successors in case the testator�s daughter Aurembiax died childless[1299].� The necrology of Serrateix Santa Maria records the death "IV Id Jul" of �Guillelmus vicecomes Cardone�[1300].� The martyrology of Solsona Santa Maria records the death "III Id Jul" 1225 of �Guillelmus de Cardona vicecomes� and his donation of �suam partem castri Dolius�[1301].� m GERALDA, daughter of --- (-after 29 Mar 1187).� "Guillelmus�Cardonensis vicecomes atque Geralda coniux mea vicecomitissa" donated property to Sant Vicen� de Cardona, for the soul of "patris mei Raimundi Fulchonis vicecomes Cardone", by charter dated 11 Mar 1186[1302].� "Guillelmus Cardonensis vicecomes" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vall�s by charter dated 29 Mar 1187, subscribed by "domne Geralde vicecomitisse coniugis eius"[1303].� Guillem & his wife had two children:�

i) RAMON FOLC [IV] de Cardona (-1241).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. �

-�� see below.�

ii) ELISENDA de Cardona .� "Arnaldus de Castrobono" promised "Ermengaudo comiti Urgelli" to marry "Eliesendam filiam Guillelmi de Cardona neptam vestram" as part of a peace agreement to secure his release from custody by charter dated 7 Sep 1203[1304].� ��Guillelmus�vicecomes Cardone et�Ermengaudus�Urgellensis comes� agreed the marriage of �filiam sive neptam nostram�Elicsendam" and "Arnaldo de Castro Bono, vicecomiti", with "Petrus�rex Aragonie" acting as surety, by charter dated 17 Mar 1206[1305].� m (betrothed 7 Sep 1203, contract 17 Mar 1206) as his second wife, ARNAL Vescomte de Castellb�, son of [RAMON Vescomte de Castellb�] & his wife Ermesenda --- (-after 8 Sep 1226).�

b) ANGLESA de Cardona .� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� m (1167) RAIMUNDO [V] Conde de Pallars, son of ARNAU MIR�N [I] Conde de Pallars & his second wife Oria --- (-Sep 1177, bur C�souas).�

1. BELTRAN de Cardona (-after 8 Sep 1175).� "Bertrandus de Cardona et uxor mee Saurina" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 8 Sep 1175[1306].� m SAURINA, daughter of --- (-after 8 Sep 1175).� "Bertrandus de Cardona et uxor mee Saurina" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 8 Sep 1175[1307].�

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.�

RAMON FOLC [IV] de Cardona, son of GUILLEM Vescomte de Cardona & his wife Geralda --- (-1241).� Vescomte de Cardona.�

m IN�S Se�ora de Teroja, daughter of ---.�

Ramon Folc [IV] & his wife had two children:�

1. RAMON FOLC [V] de Cardona (-1276).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 17 Feb 1231 under which "Raymundus Fulconis...vicecomes Cardon� et domina Terrogia...vicecomitissa Cardonensis et Raymundus de Cardona filius noster" agreed his marriage and that of his sister[1308].� Vescomte de Cardona.� �Raimundus...vicecomes Cardona� confirmed donations made to Sant Joan de les Abadesses by �antecessores nostros Guilelmum atque Raimundum Fulchonem vicecomes Cardona� by charter dated 30 Jul 1257[1309].� m firstly (contract 17 Feb 1231) ESCLARMONDE de Foix, daughter of ROGER BERNARD [II] Comte de Foix & his first wife Ermesinda de Castelbon.� "Rogerius Bernardi...comes de Fox et Rogerius de Fox filius eius" and "Raymundus Fulconis...vicecomes Cardon� et domina Terrogia...vicecomitissa Cardonensis et Raymundus de Cardona filius noster" agreed the marriage firstly of Roger de Foix and "Brunissendem filiam de vobis", and secondly of "Esclermondam filiam de vobis comite de Fox" and "Raymundus de Cardona", by charter dated 17 Feb 1231[1310].� m secondly SIBILA de Emp�ries, daughter of PONCE [IV] Comte de Emp�ries [Barcelona] & his [second] wife Teresa Fern�ndez de Lara.� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� Ramon Folc [V] & his second wife had two children:�

a) RAMON FOLC [VI] de Cardona (-31 Oct 1320).� Vescomte de Cardona.� The martyrology of Solsona Santa Maria records the death "pridie Kal Nov" 1320 of �dnus Raimundus Fulchonis...vicecomes Cardone�[1311].� m as her second husband, MAR�A Alfonso de Haro, widow of FELIPE Fern�ndez [de Arag�n] Se�or de Castro, daughter of JUAN Alfonso de Haro, Se�or de Los Cameros & his wife Constanza Alfonso de Meneses.� The Cr�nica del Rey Fernando IV records that �Remon Falque se�or de Cardena� was married to �do�a Mari �lvarez fija de don Juan Alfonso de Haro�, dated to 1304[1312].� Ramon Folc [VI] & his wife had one child:�

i) HUG FOLC [I] de Cardona (-1334).� Vescomte de Cardona.�

-�� see below.�

b) SIBILA de Cardona .� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "la filla de Don Remon de Cardona" as the wife of "Aluaro", son of "Aluaro�conte de Urgel"[1313].� The Gesta comitum Barcinonensium records that "Alvaro", son of Alvaro Comte de Urgell, married "filiam nobilis Raimundi de Cardona"[1314].� The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.� m �LVARO de Urgell Vescomte de Ager, son of �LVARO [II] Comte de Urgell [Cabrera] & his second wife C�cile de Foix (-1299).�

2. BRUNISENDA (-1289 or 23 Mar 1293).� "Rogerius Bernardi...comes de Fox et Rogerius de Fox filius eius" and "Raymundus Fulconis...vicecomes Cardon� et domina Terrogia...vicecomitissa Cardonensis et Raymundus de Cardona filius noster" agreed the marriage firstly of Roger de Foix and "Brunissendem filiam de vobis", and secondly of "Esclermondam filiam de vobis comite de Fox" and "Raymundus de Cardona", by charter dated 17 Feb 1231[1315].� The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Brunissen de Cardonna" as the wife of "Mossen Roger�fil de Mossen Roger Bernard lo Gran"[1316].� A document dated 21 Apr 1250 concerns the payment of her dowry[1317].� "Brunissendis...comitissa Fuxi" granted property "in terra nostra Carcassesii" to "Rogerio Bernardi filio nostro" by charter dated 18 Apr 1265[1318].� The martyrology of Solsona Santa Maria records the death "XI Kal Apr" 1293 of �d�a Brunissen...comitissa Fuxi et vicecomitissa Castriboni soror nostra�[1319].� m (contract 17 Feb 1231) ROGER de Foix, son of ROGER BERNARD II "le Grand" Comte de Foix & his first wife Ermesinda de Castelbon (-1265).� He succeeded his father in 1241 as ROGER IV Comte de Foix.�

1. BERNAT AMAT de Cardona (-[1310/12]).� m (after 3 Mar 1294) CONSTANZA de Pinos, daughter of GALCER�N de Pinos & his wife Berenguera de Montcada.� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1320].� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. �It is indicated by the testament of [her brother] �Pere Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 16 Jul 1305, codicil dated 13 Mar 1311, which revoked an earlier testament in favour of �Bernat Saportella nebot nostro e a Remon de Cardona nebot nostre...Remon de Moncada cos� nostre�[1321].� Bernat Amat & his wife had three children:�

a) REMON de Cardona (-killed 1324).� The testament of [his maternal uncle] �Pere Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 16 Jul 1305, codicil dated 13 Mar 1311, which revoked an earlier testament in favour of �Bernat Saportella nebot nostro e a Remon de Cardona nebot nostre...Remon de Moncada cos� nostre�[1322].�

b) SIBILA de Cardona .� m (before 1323) RAMON ROGER de Pallars, son of ---.�

c) CONSTANZA de Cardona .� m [as his second wife,] GILABERT de Cru�lles .� Rudt de Collenberg suggests[1323] that he married [maybe firstly] --- de Mallorca, illegitimate daughter of Sancho I King of Mallorca [Arag�n].

1. RAMON de Cardona (-after 1340).� Governor of Sardinia.� A charter dated 17/24 May 1335 records a hearing �coram...Arnaldo de Torrentibus Iudice delegato al...dominum Raymundum de Cardona gubernatorem generalem Sardinie et Corsice regni pro...rege Aragon��[1324].� Se�or de Tor�.� m BEATRIX de Arag�n, illegitimate daughter of PEDRO III King of Aragon & his mistress Mar�a Nicolau.� Zurita records that �don Ramon de Cardona� married �do�a Beatriz de Aragon hija del Rey don Pedro�[1325].� Ramon & his wife had four children:�

a) GUILLEM de Cardona .� Betrothed (1329) to BONAVENTURA di Arborea, daughter of UGONE [II] di Basso [Serra=Cervera] Giudice di Arborea & his wife --- (-[1375/78]). �Zurita records the marriage contract agreed in 1329 between �el Juez de Arborea...do�a Buenaventura de Arborea su hija mayor� and �don Guillen de Cardona hijo [de] don Ramon�, which did not proceed[1326].�

b) BEATRIZ de Cardona .� Zurita records the marriage contract agreed in 1329 between �el Juez de Arborea...su hijo segundo...Mariano de Arborea� and �do�a Beatriz de Cardona hija de don Ramon de Cardona...Governador del Reyno de Cerde�a�, which did not proceed, and her subsequent marriage to �don Ramon Cornel� with whom she had �don Luys Cornel que fue el postrer Se�or dela baronia de Alfajarin�[1327].� Betrothed (1329) to MARIANO di Basso di Arborea, son of UGONE di Basso Judge of Arborea & his wife --- (-1375).� m RAMON Cornel, son of ---.�

c) LEONOR de Cardona .� Zurita records that �otra hija de don Ramon de Cardona...Leonor� married �Ugueto de Ceruellon�[1328].� m UGO de Cervellon, son of ---.�

d) ELISENDA de Cardona .� Zurita records that �otra hija de don Ramon de Cardona...do�a Elisen� was �abadesa del monasterio de Sainta Clara de la ciudad de Cohimbra�[1329].�

HUG FOLC [I] de Cardona, son of RAMON FOLC [VI] Vescomte de Cardona & his wife Mar�a Alfonso de Haro (-1334).� Vescomte de Cardona.�

m BEATRIZ de Anglesola, daughter of ---.�

Hug Folc [I] & his wife had two children:�

1. [1330]HUG FOLC [II] (1330-1400).� Vescomte de Cardona, Bar�n de Bellpuig.� He resigned the sovereignty of the vizcondado to Pedro IV "el Ceremonioso" King of Aragon, receiving the title of Comte de Cardona 4 Dec 1357.� m firstly BLANCA de Arag�n, daughter of Infante don RAMON BERENGUER de Arag�n Comte de Emp�ries & his first wife Bianca di Tarento [Sicilia-Anjou] ([1334]-).� m secondly BEATRIZ de Luna y Arag�n, daughter of PEDRO de Luna Se�or de Almonacid y Pola & his wife Elsa de Ej�rica [Arag�n].� [m thirdly ISABEL de Arag�n, daughter of Infante don JAIME de Arag�n Comte de Urgell & his wife C�cile de Comminges.� This third marriage of Hugo Folc [II] is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[1331].� However, other secondary sources consulted assign only two marriages to Hugo.]� Hug Folc [II] & his first wife had two children:

a) BEATRIZ de Cardona (-[1372]).� m (Cardona 22 Aug 1363) as his first wife, PEDRO de Arag�n Comte de Urgell, son of Infante don JAIME de Arag�n Comte de Urgell & his wife C�cile de Comminges ([1340]-Balaguer, L�rida before 24 May 1408).�

b) HUG Folc ).� Senyor de Bellpuig.� m (after 1354) as her second husband, FRANCISCA Alemany Se�ora de Guimer�, widow of FELIPE de Castro Se�or de Castro y Peralta, daughter of ---.� Her first and second marriages are confirmed by the following (the primary source which confirms her family origin has not been identified): Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records the marriage contract dated 25 Apr 1369 between �Don Bernat Galceran de Pin�s y de Fonollet, dit lo Antic� and [her daughter] �la noble Dona Aldonsa de Castro�, daughter of �Don Pedro [error for Felipe] de Castro y de Pin�s [error for Peralta] y Dona Francisca, la qual cas� ab lo noble Don Hugo de Cardona senyor de Bellpuig, fill segon de Don Hugo de Cardona primer comte de Cardona�[1332].�

Hug Folc [II] & his second wife had two children:

c) JUAN RAMON Folc [I] "Cabeza de San Juan Bautista" (-Cardona 1442).� He succeeded his father in 1400 as Comte de Cardona.� Vescomte de Villamur by right of his wife.��

-�� see below.�

d) ELSA de Cardona (-1420).� m JUAN de Arag�n Comte de Emp�ries, son of JUAN de Arag�n Comte de Emp�ries & his second wife Infanta do�a Juana de Arag�n (1375-Castell�n de Emp�ries 1401).�

2. MAR�A de Cardona (-1360).� m ALFONSO de Lauria Se�or de Cocentaina, son of JAIME II de Arag�n Bar�n de Ej�rica & his wife Beatriz de Lauria Se�ora de Cocentaina ([1308]-1355).�

JUAN RAMON FOLC [I] de Cardona "Cabeza de San Juan Bautista", son of HUG FOLC [II] de Cardona Comte de Cardona & his second wife Beatriz de Luna y Arag�n (-Cardona 1442).� He succeeded his father in 1400 as Comte de Cardona.� Vescomte de Villamur by right of his wife.�

m (contract Jul 1377, [1392]) JUANA de Arag�n, daughter of ALFONSO de Arag�n "el Viejo" Marqu�s de Villena & his wife Violante Jim�nez de Aren�s.� Zurita records the marriage Jul 1377 of �don Juan de Cardona [...heredero del Condado de Cardona y del honor de Tora, que fue de don Ramon de Cardona] hijo mayor de don Ugo Conde de Cardona y de do�a Beatriz de Anglesola [incorrect], hija de don Guillen de Anglesola Se�or de Belpuch� and �do�a Juana de Aragon hija del Marques de Villena y Conde de Ribagor�a�[1333].�

Juan Ramon [I] & his wife had two children:�

1. JUAN RAMON FOLC [II] (1400-1471).� He succeeded his father as Comte de Cardona.� m JUANA de Prades Condesa de Prades, Vescomtesa de Villamur, Baronesa de Entenza, Se�ora de Aren�s, daughter of PEDRO de Prades [Arag�n] Bar�n de Entenza & his wife Juana de Cabrera ([1392]-[1441/45]).� Juan Ramon Folc [II] & his wife had two children:�

a) JUAN RAMON FOLC [III] (1418-18 Jun 1486).� He succeeded his mother as Conde de Prades, Vescomte de Villamur, Se�or de la Baron�a de Entenza.� He succeeded his father 1471 as Comte de Cardona.� m (contract Jun 1445) as her second husband, JUANA de Urgell, widow of JEAN [III] de Grailly Comte de Foix, de B�arn et de Bigorre, daughter of JAIME II de Urgell [Arag�n] Comte de Urgell & Infanta do�a Isabel de Arag�n (Sijena 1415-[1445]).� Juan Ramon Folc & his wife had one child:�

i) JUAN RAMON FOLC [IV] de Cardona y Urgell (1446-1513).� Lugarteniente General de Arag�n.� Created Duque de Cardona in 1482, 1^st Marqu�s de Pallars 1491.� m (contract 1467) ALDONZA Enr�quez y Qui�ones, daughter of FADRIQUE Enr�quez Conde de Melgar y Rueda & his second wife Teresa D�az de Qui�ones ([1450]-).� Se�ora de Elche y Crevillente.� Juan Ramon Folc [IV] & his wife had one child:�

(a) FERNANDO FOLC de Cardona ([1470]-1543).� He succeeded his father 1513 as Duque de Cardona, 2^nd Marqu�s de Pallars.� m (1498) FRANCISCA Manrique de Lara y Castro, daughter of PEDRO Manrique de Lara 1^st Duque de N�jera & his wife Guyomar de Castro y Acu�a.� Fernando Folc & his wife had two children:�

(1) JUANA FOLC de Cardona ([1500]-Castillo de Segorbe 16 Feb 1564).� She succeeded her father as Duquesa de Cardona.� m (Castillo de Segorbe 30 Apr 1516) ALFONSO de Arag�n, son of Infante don ENRIQUE "Fortuna" de Arag�n Duque de Segorbe & his wife dona Guyomar de Portugal-Noronha (Segorbe 1489-Puig shortly before 16 Oct 1562).� He succeeded his father 1522 as 2^nd Duque de Segorbe, Comte de Emp�ries.� Captain-General of Valencia.�

(2) ALDONZA FOLC de Cardona .� m LUIS de Beaumont, son of LUIS [III] de Beaumont 3^rd Conde de Ler�n [Navarra] & his wife Brianda Manrique de Lara (1504-9 Jan 1565, bur Ler�n).� He succeeded his father as 4^th Conde de Ler�n, Constable of Navarre.�

b) MARGARITA de Cardona (-before 1466).� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records that �Don Galceran Galceran de Pin�s y de Fenollet, vescomte de Illa y de Canet� married secondly by contract dated 11 Oct 1441 �Dona Margarida de Cardona filla dels...Don Joan Remon de Cardona comte de Cardona e Dona Joana Gonsalva Ximenis de Aren�s, �lies Joana de Prades�[1334].� m (contract 11 Oct 1441) as his second wife, GALCERAN de Pin�s Vicomte de l�Isle et de Canet, son of BERNAT de Pin�s Vicomte de l�Isle et de Canet & his wife Aldonsa de Mur (-after 17 Nov 1470).�

2. HUG de Cardona (-[1470]).� Bar�n de Guadalest.� m (Pamplona 18 May 1427) do�a BLANCA de Navarra Se�ora de Caperroso, daughter of JEAN de B�arn Se�or de B�orleguy & his wife Juana de Navarra.� Her parentage and marriage are referred to by Yanguas who says that the king of Navarre granted her a dowry of 16,000 florins[1335].� Baronesa de Beorlegui.� Yanguas quotes a document dated 27 Mar 1427 which records the arrival at Pamplona of "D. Hugo de Cardona, esposo de Do�a Blanca, fija de Madama Juana de Navarra" to meet the queen and the couple�s marriage 18 May at Pamplona[1336].�

1. RAMON de Cardona .� Duque de Soma.� Viceroy of Naples and Sicily.� m ISABEL de Requesens Condesa de Palamos, daughter of ---.� Ramon & his wife had two children:�

a) FERNANDO Folc de Cardona y Requesens .� He succeeded his father as Duque de Soma.� m BEATRIZ Fern�ndez de C�rdoba, daughter of Luis Fern�ndez de C�rdoba 4^th Conde de Cabra ([1522/23]-).�

b) CASTELLANA de Cardona y Requesens .� m FERRANTE d'Aragona Duca di Cajazzo, illegitimate son of FERRANTE King of Naples & his mistress Diana Guardato.�

F.�� VESCOMTES de CONFLENT

The county of Conflent was located to the west of Roussillon in the interior of Catalonia to the north of what is today the French/Spanish border.�

1. ISARN (-after 30 Dec 961).� Vescomte [de Conflent].� "Seniofredo conde de Cerda�a y Besal� y su hermano Oliva conde" donated "el alodio de Aiguatebia" to "Isarno vizconde del Conflent" by charter dated 15 Oct 960[1337].� �Ava...comitissa� donated donated property to Cux�, for the souls of �senioris mei domni Mironis comitis�, by charter dated 30 Dec 961, subscribed by �...Isarnus vicecomes, Wanalgaude vicecomes...�[1338].� m RAULA, daughter of ---.� Miret y Sans names Raula as wife of Vescomte Isarn, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1339].� Isarn & his wife had three children:�

a) BERNAT (-[21 Nov 983/1003]).� Miret y Sans names "Bernat vescomte del Conflent�Salla qui fou bisbe d�Urgell�y una filla Livolo" as the children of Vescomte Isarn and his wife, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1340].� Vescomte [de Conflent].� "Oliba comes et coniux mea Ermengards" donated property to Sant Lloren� de Bag� by charter dated 15 Jan 981, subscribed by "�Bernardus vicecomes Cerdaniense, Bernardus vicecomite Confluente"[1341].� "Bernardus vicecomite Cerdianense, Bernardus vicecomite Confluente" subscribed a charter dated 21 Nov 983 under which "domno Olibano�comite et marchione" dedicated Sant Lloren� de Bag�[1342].� m GUISLA, daughter of --- (-after 31 May 1024).� "Honorata�et filiis meis Petrus et Tedbertus" sold property to "Wiscla vicescomitessa et filiis tuis Ermegaudus archilevita et Arnaldus vicecomes" by charter dated 1003[1343].� Miret y Sans names "Visla de Llu��" as the wife of Vescomte Bernat, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1344].� Miret y Sans records that "sa mare Guisla de Llu��" and others acted as executors "del difunt Arnal vescomte" by charter dated 31 May 1024, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1345].� Bernat & his wife had three children:�

i) ARNAL (-before 31 May 1024).� "Honorata�et filiis meis Petrus et Tedbertus" sold property to "Wiscla vicescomitessa et filiis tuis Ermegaudus archilevita et Arnaldus vicecomes" by charter dated 1003[1346].� Vescomte [de Conflent].� Miret y Sans records that "sa mare Guisla de Llu��" and others acted as executors "del difunt Arnal vescomte" by charter dated 31 May 1024, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1347].�

ii) ARMENGOL .� "Honorata�et filiis meis Petrus et Tedbertus" sold property to "Wiscla vicescomitessa et filiis tuis Ermegaudus archilevita et Arnaldus vicecomes" by charter dated 1003[1348].� Bishop of Urgell.�

iii) GIRBERGA (-after 1046).� "Girberga femina filia que fuit de Guilla vicecomitissa" donated property "in�comitatu Cerdaniensis in villa�Aqua tepida" to "ecclesia Sti Felicis martiris", for the benefit of "filio meo Guillemo Raimundo", by charter dated 1046[1349].� The second name of her son may be a patronymic but this is not beyond all doubt.� m [RAMON], son of --- (-before 1046).�

b) SALLA .� Miret y Sans names "Bernat vescomte del Conflent�Salla qui fou bisbe d�Urgell�y una filla Livolo" as the children of Vescomte Isarn and his wife, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1350].� Bishop of Urgell.�

c) LIVOLO .� Miret y Sans names "Bernat vescomte del Conflent�Salla qui fou bisbe d�Urgell�y una filla Livolo" as the children of Vescomte Isarn and his wife, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[1351].�

G.�� SENYORES de MATAPLANA

1. [UG] .� His name is indicated by the second name of his son Bernat Ug, assuming that it was a patronymic.� [same person as...?� UG Dalmau de Cervera (-before 1079).� This suggested co-identity is based on Ugo Dalmau de Cevera swearing allegiance to Guillem Ramon [I] Comte de Cerdanya for his castles �Cadercino et...Ellesindi� by charter dated to [1068/1079][1352], two of the castles for which Bernat Ug swore allegiance to Guillem Jordan Comte de Cerdanya by charter dated to [1098/1102] (see below), combined with the second name of Bernat Ug (assuming that this was a patronymic).� If this co-identity is correct, Belisendis would have been Ug Dalmau�s second wife.]� m BELISENDIS, daughter of --- (-after [1098/1102]).� She is named in the [1098/1102] charter of her son Bernat Ug, the wording of which suggests that she was alive at the time.� [Ug] & his wife had one child:�

a) BERNAT Ug (-[26 Sep 1125/24 Nov 1130]).� �Bernardus Ugonis filius que sum Bellessendis femine� swore allegiance to �Guillelme comitem seniorem meum filius [qui] es Sancie comitisse� [Guillem Jordan Comte de Cerdanya] for his castles �Oilesen et Kadercino et Meranichos et Forchanos et Supercorts et Ballomar� by charter dated to [1098/1102][1353].� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses, with the consent of �uxoris mee Stephanie et omnium filiorum meorum, Ugonis et Guilelmi et Bernardi atque Poncii et Raimundi�, and offered �filium meum...Petrum Bernardi� to the monastery as a canon, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125 �inter Mata Plana�[1354].� m firstly ADALADIS, daughter of ---.� She is named as mother of Ug in the 24 Nov 1130 charter quoted below.� If, as appears likely, her son was the same Ug who was recorded 26 Sep 1125 as the son of Bernat Ug, Adaladis was the latter�s first wife.� m secondly ESTEFANIA [Etiennette/St�phanie], daughter of ---.� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses, with the consent of �uxoris mee Stephanie et omnium filiorum meorum, Ugonis et Guilelmi et Bernardi atque Poncii et Raimundi�, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125[1355].� Some indication about her family origin is provided by the following.� The 11 Dec 1146 testament quoted below indicates that Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier appointed his �consobrinus� Ponce de Mataplana (see below, fourth son of Bernat Ug) to an eventual role in the guardianship of his children.� The term �consobrinus� would normally translate as �first cousin� (although it could indicate more remote family relationships[1356]), while the requirement for the consent of the testator�s mother suggests that the relationship was on the maternal side of Guillaume [VI]�s family.� If that is correct, one of Pons�s parents would have been the sibling of Ermesende, mother of Guillaume [VI].� The less likely possibility is that Ermesende was Bernat Ug�s sister as, in that case, his first son would have been the more obvious choice for the guardianship role.� It is therefore more likely that Ponce�s mother was the sister of Ermesende.� Suggesting the family origin of these two possible sisters would be speculative.� Bernat Ug & his [first] wife had three children (Ludovic Noirie suggests that the distinction between the conjunctions �et� and �atque� in the list of Bernat Ug�s children in the 26 Sep 1125 charter may indicate that the first three named sons were born from their father�s first marriage and the remaining sons from his second[1357].� This suggestion is corroborated by the testament of Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier appointing his �consobrinus�, Bernat Ug�s fourth son Ponce who would have been the eldest son by Bernat�s second marriage, to an eventual role in the guardianship of his children.):�

i) UG .� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses, with the consent of �uxoris mee Stephanie et omnium filiorum meorum, Ugonis et Guilelmi et Bernardi atque Poncii et Raimundi�, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125[1358].� same person as...?� UG .� [Senyor] de Mataplana: �Guillelmus vicecomes de Berguitano filius que fui Guile vicecomitissa� swore allegiance to �Ugo de Mataplana filio Adeledis� relating to property which �pater suus dimisit tibi in suum testamentum� by charter dated 24 Nov 1130[1359].� The common reference to Mataplana in the 26 Sep 1125 and 24 Nov 1130 charters suggests this co-identity.�

ii) GUILLEM .� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses, with the consent of �uxoris mee Stephanie et omnium filiorum meorum, Ugonis et Guilelmi et Bernardi atque Poncii et Raimundi�, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125[1360].�

iii) BERNAT .� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses, with the consent of �uxoris mee Stephanie et omnium filiorum meorum, Ugonis et Guilelmi et Bernardi atque Poncii et Raimundi�, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125[1361].�

Bernat Ug & his [second] wife had three children:

iv) PONCE de Mataplana (-after 11 Dec 1146).� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses, with the consent of �uxoris mee Stephanie et omnium filiorum meorum, Ugonis et Guilelmi et Bernardi atque Poncii et Raimundi�, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125[1362].� Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" [Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier, see the document TOULOUSE - LANGUEDOC] names �Poncio de Mataplana consobrino mei� taking an eventual role in the guardianship of his children with the consent of �matris mee�[1363].�

v) RAMON .� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses, with the consent of �uxoris mee Stephanie et omnium filiorum meorum, Ugonis et Guilelmi et Bernardi atque Poncii et Raimundi�, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125[1364].�

vi) PERE Bernat .� �Bernardus Ugonis� settled disputes with Sant Joan de les Abadesses and offered �filium meum...Petrum Bernardi� to the monastery as a canon, by charter dated 26 Sep 1125[1365].� It is reasonable to suppose that Pere Ramon was young when this offer was made.� If that is correct, he was probably the son of his father�s second marriage, maybe the couple�s youngest son.�

1. UG [VI] de Mataplana, son of --- (-1328).� Bar�n de Mataplana.� Conde de Pallars-Subir�, de iure uxoris.� m (before 27 May 1297) SIBILA de Pallars, daughter of ARNAU ROGER [I] Conde de Pallars-Subir� & his second wife [Lascara] de Vintimille (-1330).� Zurita names �la Condesa Sibilia� and her husband �Ugo de Mataplana�[1366].� �Sibilia comitissa Pallariensi� appointed �Ugonem de Mataplana maritum nostrum� as her proxy by charter dated 27 May 1297[1367].� �Sibilia comitissa Pallariensi filia et heres...A. Rogerii quondam comitis Pallariensis uxorque...Hugueti de Mataplana� reached agreement with King Jaime II, with the consent of �dicti mariti nostri et nobilis dompne Laschare matris nostre et nobilis Raimundo de Urgio...tutor...Beatricis et Violan filiarum dicti Arnaldi Rogerii�, by charter dated 27 May 1297[1368].�

-�� CONDES de PALLARS.�

H.�� SENYORES de PIN�S

A narrative genealogy of the Pin�s family, written by Bernat Galceran de Pin�s in 1620, traces the family�s descent[1369].� From the late 13th century, the document reproduces the full text of numerous testaments and charters which corroborate the information.� The treatment of the earlier generations is less reliable and many parts are inconsistent with information found in charters extracts of which are quoted below.� After reviewing the origins of the Carolingians, the 1620 narrative names �Dapifer de Moncada, Galceran Grau de Pin�s, Huc de Mataplana, Jou de �ervera, Garau Remon de �ervello, Pere de Alamany, Remon de Anglesola, Gispert de Ribellas, Berenguer Roger de Erill� as the nine Catalonian barons in the mid-8th century, before recording the Carolingian conquest of Catalonia in the last quarter of the same century and the introduction of the �Usatges de Cathalunya� (quoting extracts from various chronicles which name the same nine barons)[1370].� The narrative provides more details concerning the same supposed �Galceran Grau de Pin�s�, and then skips two centuries before naming �Pere Galceran [I] de Pin�s�[1371].� Typical of many similar 17th/18th century genealogies, the manuscript purports to confirm the family�s Carolingian descent by recording that �Pere Galceran [I] de Pin�s� married his son �Remon Galceran [I] de Pin�s� in 1015 with �una descendent de dits comtes...Dalda [...Adalayda] filla de Bernat Trencaferro comte de Besal�...ab Alispesa filla �nica de Guillem vescomte de Querforadat�, assuming that the bride�s ancestor Guinidilda, wife of Guifr� �el Pil�s� Comte de Barcelona, was the daughter of Baudouin I Count of Flanders (which is incorrect as demonstrated earlier in the present document)[1372].� The Pin�s descent is on somewhat firmer ground from the person shown below as Galceran [I] Mir� de Pin�s, but the narrative is still confused and unreliable until the 13th century.� Selective extracts have been included below only where they provide information not otherwise given in other primary source documentation which has been identified.�

Another early 17th century narrative genealogy traces an alleged descent from Adam to �Don Gaspar Guerau de Arellano que hoy vive�, which and includes legendary figures such as �los varones de Vualpurg en Alemania [the Truchse�en von Waldburg family? - see the document W�RTTEMBERG]...Guerau, Principe y Duque de Suabia...Thuis�n Rey de Alemania y de Sarmacia y �ste fue hijo de No� despues que sali� del arca�[1373].� Somewhat firmer ground starts with a description of the early condes de Barcelona, until the appearance �la santa...Garcenda, hija de Su�er Conde de Barcelona� alleged ancestor of the later descendants[1374].� As usual with works such as these, it is impossible to assess where legend gives way to fact in the absence of corroborative primary source material.�

1. [RICOLF] .� The possibly patronymic name of the second son of this couple suggests that his father may have been Ricolf, although it is not entirely certain that the second name was indeed a patronymic.� m ADALEZ, daughter of ---.� "Bernat y Mir� Ricolf, fills de�Adalez" swore homage to "comte Ram�n Guifre de Cerdanya" for "castro de Pin�s" by charter dated to the mid-11th century[1375].� Two children:�

a) BERNAT .� "Bernat y Mir� Ricolf, fills de�Adalez" swore homage to "comte Ram�n Guifre de Cerdanya" for "castro de Pin�s" by charter dated to the mid-11th century[1376].�

b) MIR� RICOLF .� "Bernat y Mir� Ricolf, fills de�Adalez" swore homage to "comte Ram�n Guifre de Cerdanya" for "castro de Pin�s" by charter dated to the mid-11th century[1377].� m SICARDIS, daughter of ---.� "Gaucerandus Mironis qui fuit filius Sicardis femine" swore homage to "Guillem y Bernat fills de Sanxa comtes de Cerdanya" for "castellis�Pinos et Espada et Gosal et Salices et Cherforadat et Valle magna" by charter dated to [1093/1117][1378].� Mir� Ricolf & his wife had one child:�

i) GALCERAN [I] Mir� de Pin�s (-after 16 Jan 1128).� "Ermengauds Iocbertus�qui fuit de Guilla femina" reached agreement with "domno Gauceran Mir [�filium qui fuisti de Sicards femina] et a filio suo Gauceran [�qui fuit filio de Adalet femina et a Remon Gauceran qui fuit filius de Azalet femina]" concerning "kastros�de Iosa et de Orsera et de Sanctum Romanum" {Josa, Orsera, Sant-Roma}, which Galceran Mir� held from "comite Guillem fratre meo", by charter dated 23 Jan 1107[1379].�

-�� see below. �

GALCERAN [I] Mir� de Pin�s, son of MIR� RICOLF de Pin�s & his wife Sicardis --- (-after 16 Jan 1128).� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records that Galceran de Pin�s held �los castells de Espasa, de Gosals, de Salses, de Querforadat y de Valmanya� in fief from the comte de Cerdanya, quoting the Libre Gran dels Feus recording that �Galcerandus de Pinos filius qui fui Sicardis femine� swore homage to Guillem Ramon [I] Comte de Cerdanya [ruled [1068] to 1095][1380].� The following document also records Galceran Mir� de Pin�s holding these castles: "Gaucerandus Mironis qui fuit filius Sicardis femine" swore homage to "Guillem y Bernat fills de Sanxa comtes de Cerdanya" for "castellis�Pinos et Espada et Gosal et Salices et Cherforadat et Valle magna" by charter dated to [1093/1117][1381].� "Ermengauds Iocbertus�qui fuit de Guilla femina" reached agreement with "domno Gauceran Mir [�filium qui fuisti de Sicards femina] et a filio suo Gauceran [�qui fuit filio de Adalet femina et a Remon Gauceran qui fuit filius de Azalet femina]" concerning "kastros�de Iosa et de Orsera et de Sanctum Romanum" {Josa, Orsera, Sant-Roma}, which Galceran Mir� held from "comite Guillem fratre meo", by charter dated 23 Jan 1107[1382].�

m ADALET, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Jan 1107 under which "Ermengauds Iocbertus�qui fuit de Guilla femina" reached agreement with "domno Gauceran Mir [�filium qui fuisti de Sicards femina] et a filio suo Gauceran [�qui fuit filio de Adalet femina et a Remon Gauceran qui fuit filius de Azalet femina]" concerning "kastros�de Iosa et de Orsera et de Sanctum Romanum" {Josa, Orsera, Sant-Roma}[1383].�

Galceran [I] Mir� & his wife had [three] children:�

1. GALCERAN [II] de Pin�s (-after 16 Apr 1141).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Jan 1107 under which "Ermengauds Iocbertus�qui fuit de Guilla femina" reached agreement with "domno Gauceran Mir [�filium qui fuisti de Sicards femina] et a filio suo Gauceran [�qui fuit filio de Adalet femina et a Remon Gauceran qui fuit filius de Azalet femina]" concerning "kastros�de Iosa et de Orsera et de Sanctum Romanum" {Josa, Orsera, Sant-Roma}[1384].� "Poncius Ugonis de Cervaria et uxor mea Beatrix cum filiis nostris Petro et Poncio" donated two parts of "castro et�villa Cervarie" to "seniori nostro Raimundo Barchinonensi comiti" for "vice comitatu de Basso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1128, signed by "Gocerandi de Pinos�"[1385].� "Galceran II" swore homage "al comtes de Barcelona Ramon Berenguer y Dol�a" for "los�castells de Pin�s, Espada, Gosol, Saldes, Querforadat y Vallmagna" by undated charter[1386].� "Galceran II�y�son fill Galceran III" swore homage "Ramon Berenguer IV de Barcelona" for "los castells de Sant-Mart�, Miralles y Queralt" by charter dated 1133[1387].� �...Gaucerandi de Pinos, Gaucerandi filii eius...� subscribed the charter dated 16 Apr 1141 under which �Raymundus Berengarii...Barchinonensis, Bisuldunensis, Ceritaniensis comes et marchio ac princeps Aragonensis� chose burial in Ripoll Santa Maria[1388].� m ESTEFAN�A, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by her son "Galceran III�filius Stephanie" swearing homage "al Rey Alfons I" for "los castells de Gosol, Querforadat, Al�", undated[1389].� [Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy names the wife of �Pere Galceran [III] de Pin�s� [presumably referring to Galceran [II]] as �Berenguera de Moncada tia de Guillem de Moncada Gran Senescal�[1390].� This supposed family origin has not been confirmed by primary source documentation and no person of this name has been identified in the Montcada family during the right time-frame.]� Galceran [II] & his wife had one child:�

a) GALCERAN [III] de Pin�s (-after 2 Oct 1190).� "Galceran II�y�son fill Galceran III" swore homage "Ramon Berenguer IV de Barcelona" for "los castells de Sant-Mart�, Miralles y Queralt" by charter dated 1133[1391].� �...Gaucerandi de Pinos, Gaucerandi filii eius...� subscribed the charter dated 16 Apr 1141 under which �Raymundus Berengarii...Barchinonensis, Bisuldunensis, Ceritaniensis comes et marchio ac princeps Aragonensis� chose burial in Ripoll Santa Maria[1392].� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy associates Galceran [III] with the legend of the rescue of the hundred maidens from captivity in Granada, dated to [1147/49][1393].� "Gaucerandus de Pinos et coniux mea Berengaria et filii nostri Raimundus Gaucerandus et Bernardus Gaucerandus et Berengarius Gaucerandus" donated property to the Templars by charter dated 29 Sep 1170[1394].� A charter dated 6 Sep 1171 records an agreement between "domnum A. Urgellensem episcopum" and "R. vicecomitem Castelliboni", witnessed by "Raimundi de Castelbo junioris, Gaucerandi de Pinos, Raimundi Gaucerandi filii eius, Petri de Castelbo�"[1395].� "Galceran III�filius Stephanie" swore homage "al Rey Alfons I" for "los castells de Gosol, Querforadat, Al�", undated[1396].� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy quotes the Gran dels Feus which records �Petrus Galcerandi de Pinosio filius Estefanie femine� swearing allegiance to �Ildefonso filio Regine Petronille� [Alfonso II King of Aragon, Comte de Barcelona], presumably therefore dated to after 1174[1397].� �Gaucerandus de Pinos et filius meus Raimundus� donated land �in valle de castello Alonis...� to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 30 Aug 1177, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, Berengarie uxoris sue, Raimundi Gaucerandi filii nostri, Berengarii Gaucerandi, Bernardi Gaucerandi�[1398].� A charter dated 1 Dec 1184 records the settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Sant Pere de la Portella and �dompnus Gaucerandus de Pinos sive coniux sua dompna Berenghera et filios eorum Raimundus atque Berengarius atque militibus eorum...�[1399].� �Raimundus Gaucerandi et Berengarius Gaucerandi� pledged property to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 14 Oct 1185, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, domine Berengarie uxoris eius...�[1400].� �Arnaldus vicecomes de Castrobono filius Ermesendis� swore allegiance to �Ildefonso regi Arragoni�� for "castella�de Sancto Martino, Miralies et Cheralt" by charter dated 6 Sep 1188, signed by "�Galcerandi de Pinos�"[1401].� �Ermengadus comes Urgellensis et Alvira comitissa� granted �pug de Asfa�[et] kastrum Sancti Vicencii quod est ad radicem Montis Clari in valle Andorra� to "Arnallo de Kastrobono" by charter dated 2 Oct 1190, signed by "�Dulcie comitisse, Arnalli de Kastro Bono, Gaucerandi de Prinos, Raimundi filii eius�"[1402].� m BERENGUERA, daughter of --- (-after 14 Oct 1185).� "Gaucerandus de Pinos et coniux mea Berengaria et filii nostri Raimundus Gaucerandus et Bernardus Gaucerandus et Berengarius Gaucerandus" donated property to the Templars by charter dated 29 Sep 1170[1403].� Miret y Sans states that a manuscript genealogy in the Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, entitled Genealogia y descendencia de la Casa de Pin�s and written by Don Bernat Galceran de Pin�s dated 1620, states that Berenguera was "de la familia de Montcada", but he considers this manuscript of little authority considering the considerable number of errors which it includes[1404].� It should also be noted that the wife of a later Galceran de Pinos is recorded as Berenguera de Montcada (see below), which could have provided the basis for confusion with Galceran [III].� �Gaucerandus de Pinos et filius meus Raimundus� donated land �in valle de castello Alonis...� to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 30 Aug 1177, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, Berengarie uxoris sue, Raimundi Gaucerandi filii nostri, Berengarii Gaucerandi, Bernardi Gaucerandi�[1405].� A charter dated 1 Dec 1184 records the settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Sant Pere de la Portella and �dompnus Gaucerandus de Pinos sive coniux sua dompna Berenghera et filios eorum Raimundus atque Berengarius atque militibus eorum...�[1406].� �Raimundus Gaucerandi et Berengarius Gaucerandi� pledged property to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 14 Oct 1185, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, domine Berengarie uxoris eius...�[1407].� Galceran [III] & his wife had three children:�

i) REMON GALCERAN de Pinos (-after 1212).� "Gaucerandus de Pinos et coniux mea Berengaria et filii nostri Raimundus Gaucerandus et Bernardus Gaucerandus et Berengarius Gaucerandus" donated property to the Templars by charter dated 29 Sep 1170[1408].� A charter dated 6 Sep 1171 records an agreement between "domnum A. Urgellensem episcopum" and "R. vicecomitem Castelliboni", witnessed by "Raimundi de Castelbo junioris, Gaucerandi de Pinos, Raimundi Gaucerandi filii eius, Petri de Castelbo�"[1409].� �Gaucerandus de Pinos et filius meus Raimundus� donated land �in valle de castello Alonis...� to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 30 Aug 1177, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, Berengarie uxoris sue, Raimundi Gaucerandi filii nostri, Berengarii Gaucerandi, Bernardi Gaucerandi�[1410].� A charter dated 1 Dec 1184 records the settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Sant Pere de la Portella and �dompnus Gaucerandus de Pinos sive coniux sua dompna Berenghera et filios eorum Raimundus atque Berengarius atque militibus eorum...�[1411].� �Raimundus Gaucerandi et Berengarius Gaucerandi� pledged property to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 14 Oct 1185, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, domine Berengarie uxoris eius...�[1412].� �Ermengadus comes Urgellensis et Alvira comitissa� granted �pug de Asfa�[et] kastrum Sancti Vicencii quod est ad radicem Montis Clari in valle Andorra� to "Arnallo de Kastrobono" by charter dated 2 Oct 1190, signed by "�Dulcie comitisse, Arnalli de Kastro Bono, Gaucerandi de Prinos, Raimundi filii eius�"[1413].�

ii) BERNAT GALCERAN de Pin�s (-[30 Aug 1177/1 Dec 1184]).� "Gaucerandus de Pinos et coniux mea Berengaria et filii nostri Raimundus Gaucerandus et Bernardus Gaucerandus et Berengarius Gaucerandus" donated property to the Templars by charter dated 29 Sep 1170[1414].� �Gaucerandus de Pinos et filius meus Raimundus� donated land �in valle de castello Alonis...� to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 30 Aug 1177, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, Berengarie uxoris sue, Raimundi Gaucerandi filii nostri, Berengarii Gaucerandi, Bernardi Gaucerandi�[1415].�

iii) BERENGUER Galceran de Pin�s (-after 14 Oct 1185).� "Gaucerandus de Pinos et coniux mea Berengaria et filii nostri Raimundus Gaucerandus et Bernardus Gaucerandus et Berengarius Gaucerandus" donated property to the Templars by charter dated 29 Sep 1170[1416].� �Gaucerandus de Pinos et filius meus Raimundus� donated land �in valle de castello Alonis...� to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 30 Aug 1177, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, Berengarie uxoris sue, Raimundi Gaucerandi filii nostri, Berengarii Gaucerandi, Bernardi Gaucerandi�[1417].� A charter dated 1 Dec 1184 records the settlement of a dispute between the abbot of Sant Pere de la Portella and �dompnus Gaucerandus de Pinos sive coniux sua dompna Berenghera et filios eorum Raimundus atque Berengarius atque militibus eorum...�[1418].� �Raimundus Gaucerandi et Berengarius Gaucerandi� pledged property to Santa Maria de Santes Creus by charter dated 14 Oct 1185, subscribed by �Gaucerandi de Pinos, domine Berengarie uxoris eius...�[1419].�

2. RAMON Galceran de Pin�s (-after 23 Jan 1107).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Jan 1107 under which "Ermengauds Iocbertus�qui fuit de Guilla femina" reached agreement with "domno Gauceran Mir [�filium qui fuisti de Sicards femina] et a filio suo Gauceran [�qui fuit filio de Adalet femina et a Remon Gauceran qui fuit filius de Azalet femina]" concerning "kastros�de Iosa et de Orsera et de Sanctum Romanum" {Josa, Orsera, Sant-Roma}[1420].�

3. [UG de Pin�s (-after 1100).� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy names �Pere Galceran de Pinos y...Huc de Pin�s� as sons of �Galceran Galceran de Pin�s� and his [unnamed] wife, recording that Huc participated in the First Crusade in 1096 and returned to Catalonia in 1100 with �una creu dorada...�[1421].� The primary source which confirms that this information is correct has not been identified.]�

Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy names �Galceran de Pinos� [shown below] and �---� who married �Arnau Roger comte de Pallars� as children of �Remon Galceran de Pin�s� [see above][1422].� The primary source which confirms this affiliation has not been identified. �No other indication has been found that a sister of Galceran married a comte de Pallars.� The chronology is not ideal for Remon Galceran to have been the father of Galceran who is named below, considering that the former was already named in 1170 as shown above and that the birth date of the latter is estimated (very approximately) to [1220/30]. �The chronological difficulty suggests the possibility of an intervening generation in the descent of the Pin�s family.� The issue is further confused by the same 1620 narrative which records that �Pere Galceran de Pin�s senyor de las baronias de Pin�s y Mataplana�, son of Galceran [III], married �Hermisenda de Cartell�, filla de Guillem Galceran de Cartell�� whose dowry included �lo castell de Gironella, prop de Girona�, naming their children �Remon Galceran� and �Elisenda� who married �Berenguer de Portella senyor de la baronia de la Portella�[1423].� These persons have not been identified and no primary sources confirming the information have been found, but one possibility is that the text refers to a different Remon Galceran who might have been the father of Galceran who is named below. �

GALCERAN de Pin�s, son of --- ([1220/30?]-before 1278).� He is named (as deceased) in the 3 Mar 1294 testament of his son quoted below.� His birth date is estimated very approximately from the suggested birth date of his son Galceran.� He was presumably deceased when his wife made her testament.�

m ESCLARMONDA, daughter of --- (-1278 or after).� She is named (as deceased) in the 3 Mar 1294 testament of her son quoted below.� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records that �Galceran de Pinos�, son of �Remon Galceran de Pin�s�, married �Esclaramunda de Canet filla del noble Remon de Canet senyor de Canet�, by whom he had �Galceran de Pinos...Pons que es f�u nomenar de Gu�rdia�, �Elisenda� who married �Pere de Moncada� by whom she had �Ot de Moncada� and �Elisenda� who married Jaime II King of Aragon, and �Berenguera de Pin�s� who married �Remon de �ervera senyor de �ervera�[1424].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified.� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records that the testament of �Esclaramunda de Canet muller del...Galceran de Pin�s� was dated 1278[1425].�

Galceran & his wife had [four] children:�

1. GALCERAN de Pin�s ([before 1255]-[3 Mar 1294/10 Oct 1299]).� His birth date is estimated on the basis that he was younger than his wife. �The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, names �Galceran quondam pare nostre...la senyora Esclaramunda quondam muller de aquell e mare nostra� when affirming payment of their obligations, sets the dower of �la senyora Berenguera muller nostra�, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�, appoints �Pere Galceran de Pin�s fill nostre� as his heir, refers to obligations of �lo comte de Urgell e la vescomtessa Aurenbiaix al pare nostre, quondam�[1426].� He is named as deceased in the 10 Oct 1299 marriage contract of his son quoted below.� m BERENGUERA de Montcada, daughter of [PERE [I] de Montcada & his [second] wife Sibila de Abarca] ([before 1260?]-after 10 Oct 1299).� Her family origin and marriage are confirmed by the following document: the contract of marriage between "Saura", with the consent of "Jacobi�Regis Majoricarum, Comitis Rossilionis et Ceritani� et domini Montispessulani patris mei", and [her son] "nobilem virum Petrum Gaucerandi de Pinosio, filium et heredem nobilis viri Gaucerandi de Pinosio quondam", with the consent of "domin� Berengeri� matris me� uxoris dicti patris mei quondam, et Domini fratris Guillelmi�Urgellitani Episcopi avunculi mei" is dated 10 Oct 1299[1427].� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records that �Galceran de Pinos�, son of �Galceran de Pin�s� and �Esclaramunda de Canet�, married �Berenguera de Moncada, germana del noble Pere de Moncada, lo qual cas� ab Elisenda germana del dit Galceran�, by whom he had �Pere Galceran de Pin�s...Bernat...Remon...Berenguer...Guillem�, �Sibilia� who married �Guillem de Portella senyor de la baronia de Portella�, and �Costansa y...Leonor�, noting that the children were named in his testament[1428].� The fact that Berenguera was recorded with a married daughter in 1294 suggests that she was born before [1260], which is consistent with her being the full sister of Pere [II], born towards the end of their father�s life.� This suggestion appears to be supported by her eldest daughter being named Sibila, presumably after Pere�s [second] wife.� Galcer�n & his wife had eight children:�

a) SIBILA de Pin�s .� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1429].� The date of her marriage suggests that she was one of her parents� older children. �The testament of [her brother] �Pere Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 16 Jul 1305, codicil dated 13 Mar 1311, revoked an earlier testament in favour of [her son] �Bernat Saportella nebot nostro e a Remon de Cardona nebot nostre...Remon de Moncada cos� nostre�[1430].� The testament of �Pere Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 18 Jul 1348, appointed executors �...Berenguer Saportella cosin germ� nostro...�[1431].� m (before 3 Mar 1294) GUILLEM de Portella, son of ---.�

b) PERE [I] de Pin�s (-before 2 Feb 1312).� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�, appoints �Pere Galceran de Pin�s fill nostre� as his heir[1432].� The testament of �Pere Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 16 Jul 1305, codicil dated 13 Mar 1311, chose burial �en lo simintiri de la esgl�sia dels frares menors de Perpiny��, revoked an earlier testament in favour of �Bernat Saportella nebot nostro e a Remon de Cardona nebot nostre...Remon de Moncada cos� nostre�, appointed �Sanxa muller nostra� as his heir, and named as executors �Senyor Sanxo...Rey de Mallorca e lo senyor Ferrando germ� d�ell�[1433].� m (contract 10 Oct 1299) as her first husband, SAURA de Mallorca, illegitimate daughter of JAIME II King of Mallorca & his mistress --- (-1333).� The contract of marriage between "Saura", with the consent of "Jacobi�Regis Majoricarum, Comitis Rossilionis et Ceritani� et domini Montispessulani patris mei", and "nobilem virum Petrum Gaucerandi de Pinosio, filium et heredem nobilis viri Gaucerandi de Pinosio quondam", with the consent of "domin� Berengeri� matris me� uxoris dicti patris mei quondam, et Domini fratris Guillelmi�Urgellitani Episcopi avunculi mei" is dated 10 Oct 1299[1434].� She married secondly (betrothed Jun 1313, [1315/16], Papal dispensation 4^o 11 Nov 1319) as his second wife, Berenguer de Vilaragut Se�or de Sanmart� y Subirats.� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records that �Saura o Sanxa filla de Sanxo [error, see marriage contract above] Rey de Mallorca� married secondly �lo noble N. de Vilaragut�, installed by Jaime II King of Aragon as �vescomte de Sobirats�, by whom she had a daughter who married �lo noble Bernat de So�[1435].� Pere [I] & his wife had one child:�

i) PERE [II] de Pin�s (after 13 Mar 1311-30 Jul 1348).� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy names �Pere Galceran de Pin�s� as son of �Pere Galceran de Pin�s� and his wife �Saura o Sanxa filla de Sanxo [error, see marriage contract above] Rey de Mallorca�[1436].� Pere [II] was not named in his father�s 13 Mar 1311 codicil quoted above so must have been born after that date. �

-�� see below.�

c) REMON GALCERAN de Pin�s .� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1437].� The fact that his brother Pere [I] had appointed his nephews as his heirs in the undated testament (referred to in the 16 Jul 1305/13 Mar 1311 document quoted above) suggests that all Pere�s brothers were deceased at the time.�

d) BERNAT GALCERAN de Pin�s .� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1438].� The fact that his brother Pere [I] had appointed his nephews as his heirs in the undated testament (referred to in the 16 Jul 1305/13 Mar 1311 document quoted above) suggests that all Pere�s brothers were deceased at the time.�

e) BERENGUER GALCERAN de Pin�s .� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1439].� The fact that his brother Pere [I] had appointed his nephews as his heirs in the undated testament (referred to in the 16 Jul 1305/13 Mar 1311 document quoted above) suggests that all Pere�s brothers were deceased at the time.�

f) GUILLEM GALCERAN de Pin�s .� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1440].� The fact that his brother Pere [I] had appointed his nephews as his heirs in the undated testament (referred to in the 16 Jul 1305/13 Mar 1311 document quoted above) suggests that all Pere�s brothers were deceased at the time.�

g) CONSTANZA de Pin�s .� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1441].� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not been identified. �It is indicated by the testament of [her brother] �Pere Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 16 Jul 1305, codicil dated 13 Mar 1311, which revoked an earlier testament in favour of �Bernat Saportella nebot nostro e a Remon de Cardona nebot nostre...Remon de Moncada cos� nostre�[1442].� m (after 3 Mar 1294) BERNAT AMAT de Cardona, son of --- (-[1310/12]).�

h) LEONOR de Pin�s .� The testament of �Galceran de Pin�s�, dated 3 Mar 1294, bequeathes property to �Remon Galceran fill nostre...Bernat Galceran fill nostre...Berenguer Galceran e...Guillem Galceran fills nostres...Sibilia filla nostra...muller del noble Guillem de Portella...Costansa filla nostra...Leonor filla nostra�[1443].�

2. [PONS [de Gu�rdia] .� Pin�s�s 1620 narrative genealogy records that �Galceran de Pinos�, son of �Remon Galceran de Pin�s�, married �Esclaramunda de Canet filla del noble Remon de Canet senyor de Canet�, by whom he had �Galceran de Pinos...Pons que es f�u nomenar de Gu�rdia�, �Elisenda� who married �Pere de Moncada� by whom she had �Ot de Moncada� and �Elisenda� who married Jaime II King of Aragon, and �Berenguera de Pin�s� who married �Remon de �ervera senyor de �ervera�[1444].� same person as...?� RAMON de Gu�rdia (-before 5 Oct 1272).� Assuming some truth in the 1620 narrative, from a chronological point of view it is possible that �Pons...de Guardia� was the same person as Ramon de Guardia.� �Raimundus de Guardia� swore homage to Sant Joan de les Abadesses for certain rights, including those of �uxoris sue [Thomasie] filie quod Berengarii de Portella� by charter dated 13 Apr 1263<

Chapter 1. MARCH of SPAIN

B.����� VESCOMTES de BARCELONA

B.����� VESCOMTES de BESAL�

C.����� VESCOMTES de BAS

Chapter 4. CERDANYA & BERGA

B.�� VESCOMTES de BARCELONA

B.�� VESCOMTES de BESAL�

C.�� VESCOMTES de BAS