Maximilian, Maximillian or Maximiliaan (Maximilien in French) is a male given name. It was coined by Friedrich III for his son in 1459, explaining it as a combination of the names of two Roman generals, Maximus and Scipio Aemilianus. There was, however, an antecedent in Maximilianus, and several other prominent early Christians.

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459�1519)

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1527�1576)

Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1573�1651)

Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1662�1726)

Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria (1727�1777)

Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (1756�1825) was Duke of Zweibr�cken from 1795 to 1799, prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph) from 1799 to 1806, then King of Bavaria (as Maximilian I Joseph) from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibr�cken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Maximilian, the son of the Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld and Maria Francisca of Sulzbach. His first wife was Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt (1765 � 1796). They were married in 1785. They had five children. Maximilian's second wife was Karoline of Baden, daughter of Margrave Karl Ludwig of Baden (1776 � 1841). They were married in 1797. They had 8 children, among others 2 sets of female twins.

Prince Maximilian Joseph Karl Friedrich (1800 � 1803), son of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Karoline of Baden. He died in infancy.

Princess Maximiliana Josepha Caroline of Bavaria (German: Maximiliane Josepha Karoline von Bayern)(1810 � 1821), was a Princess of Bavaria, daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and Queen Caroline of Baden. In 1821, Maximiliana fell ill with typhus, and died at the age of ten. Her death was a devastating blow to her mother.

Maximilian Joseph Eugene Auguste Napoleon de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince Romanowsky (1817 � 1852) was the husband of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna of Russia and first cousin of Emperors Napoleon III of the French and Francis Joseph I of Austria. He was a grandson of Napoleon I's first wife, the Empress Josephine, by her prior marriage to Alexandre de Beauharnais. He was born as the second son of Eug�ne de Beauharnais and Princess Augusta Amalia Ludovika Georgia of Bavaria. His maternal grandparents were Maximilian I, King of Bavaria and his first wife Marie Wilhelmine Auguste, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt. He married Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna of Russia in 1839. His father-in-law Nicholas I granted to him on 14 July 1839 the Russian and Finnish style Imperial Highness, a rank he was entitled to as a descendant of the extended dynasty of Napoleon I of France. His father was an adoptive son of Napoleon. The couple had 7 children.

Maximilian II (German: Maximilian II)(1811 � 1864) reigned as King of Bavaria between 1848 and 1864. He was the son of King Ludwig I and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. In 1852 he married Marie of Prussia (German: Marie Friederike Franziska Hedwig von Preu�en)(1825 � 1889) They had 2 sons.


Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (Maximilian Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm)(1867 �  1929), also known as Max von Baden, was a German prince and politician. He was heir presumptive to the throne of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Maximilian was a member of the House of Baden, the son of Prince Wilhelm Max (1829�1897), third son of Grand Duke Leopold (1790�1852) and Princess Maria Maximilianovna of Leuchtenberg (1841�1914), a granddaughter of Eug�ne de Beauharnais. He was named after his maternal grandfather, Maximilian de Beauharnais, and bore a resemblance to his cousin, Emperor Napoleon III. In 1900, he married Princess Marie Louise of Hanover (1879�1948). The couple had two children.

Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria (1808�1888) known informally as Max in Bayern, was a member of a junior branch of the House of Wittelsbach and a promoter of Bavarian folk-music. He is most famous today as the father of Empress Elisabeth of Austria ("Sisi") and great-grandfather of King Leopold III of Belgium. Maximilian Joseph was born at Bamberg, the only son of Duke Pius August in Bavaria (1786�1837) and his wife, Princess Am�lie Louise of Arenberg. In 1828, at Tegernsee, Maximilian Joseph married Princess Ludovika of Bavaria, the sixth daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, his father's cousin. They had ten children.

Maximilian (1845-1845) stillborn son of Princess Ludovika of Bavaria and Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria.

Duke Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria,(full German name: Maximilian Emanuel, Herzog in Bayern)(1849 -1893) was a Duke in Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach. Maximilian Emanuel was the tenth and youngest child of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and his wife Princess Ludovika of Bavaria. Maximilian Emanuel married Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, fourth child and second eldest daughter of Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and his wife Princess Cl�mentine of Orl�ans, in 1875. From childhood, Amalie had been intended as the bride of Prince Leopold of Bavaria. However, Duke Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria, youngest child of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and his wife Princess Ludovika of Bavaria, fell in love with her and confided this love in his sister Elisabeth of Bavaria, now Empress of Austria. The Empress became determined to ensure her favorite brother's happiness. She invited Leopold for an extended visit with the imperial family, among whom was her own fifteen-year-old daughter Archduchess Gisela of Austria. There, Leopold was tactfully made aware that a marriage with Gisela would be looked upon with favor by Emperor Franz Joseph. The temptation to become the Emperor's son-in-law was too strong to resist, and Leopold became engaged to Gisela after only a few days. After a sufficient amount of time had passed to enable Amalie to recover, Empress Elisabeth brought Max and Amalie together. Maximilian Emanuel and Amalie had three sons.


Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis,( full German name: Maximilian Karl F�rst von Thurn und Taxis)(1802 �  1871)was the sixth Prince of Thurn and Taxis, head of the Thurn-und-Taxis-Post, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 15 July 1827 until his death on 10 November 1871.Maximilian Karl was the fourth child of Karl Alexander, 5th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, sister of Queen Louise of Prussia.Maximilian Karl married Baroness Wilhelmine of D�rnberg, daughter of Ernst, Baron of D�rnberg and his wife Baroness Wilhelmine Henriette Maximiliane of Glauburg in 1828. Maximilian Karl and Wilhelmine had five children.

Maximilian Anton Lamoral, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis,( full German name: Maximilian Anton Lamoral Erbprinz von Thurn und Taxis)(1831 � 1867) was the Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis from birth until his death in 1867 Maximilian was the son of Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Baroness Wilhelmine of D�rnberg. He married Duchess Helene in Bavaria, daughter of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and his wife Princess Ludovika of Bavaria in 1858.  Maximilian and Helene had four children.

Maximilian Maria Carl Joseph Gabriel Lamoral, 7th Prince of Thurn and Taxis,( full German name: Maximilian Maria Carl Joseph Gabriel Lamoral F�rst von Thurn und Taxis)(1862-1885) was the seventh Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 10 November 1871 until his death on 2 June 1885. Maximilian Maria was the eldest of the two sons of Maximilian Anton Lamoral, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Duchess Helene in Bavaria. He died very young. His heart had been weakened by scarlet fever in childhood, and he suffered from severe heart spasms. In 1885, he died of a pulmonary embolism.


Maximilian I (Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano Jos� Mar�a de Habsburgo-Lorena)(1832 �  1867) was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire. He was a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I. His father was Archduke Franz Karl, the second surviving son of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, during whose reign he was born. Maximilian was thus a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, a female-line cadet branch of the House of Habsburg. His mother was Princess Sophie of Bavaria, a member of the House of Wittelsbach. In 1857 he married Princess Charlotte in Bavaria. They had no (biological) issue.

Max-Emanuel Ludwig Maria Herzog in Bayern (sometimes styled Prince Max of Bavaria, Duke in Bavaria)(1937) as the younger son of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, is the heir presumptive to both the headship of the former Bavarian royal house and the Jacobite succession. He was born a Prince of Bavaria, as a member of the royal line of the House of Wittelsbach, but has been using the title "Herzog in Bayern" or Duke in Bavaria, since he was adopted as an adult by his great-uncle, Duke Ludwig Wilhelm in Bavaria, the last bearer of that title of a junior branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Max married the Swedish Countess Elisabeth Douglas (1940), daughter of Count Carl Ludvig Douglas and Ottora Maria Haas-Heye in 1967. They have five daughters

Maximilian Ludwig Terberger (2005) son of Duchess Elisabeth Marie Christine Franziska in Bavaria (1973) (4th daughter Max Emmanuel and Elisabeth Douglas) and Daniel Terberger.


Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony (1759�1838) He was the sixth but third and youngest surviving son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and the composer Princess Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria. In 1792 he married firstly, the Princess Caroline of Bourbon (Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa), eldest child of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma and Archduchess Marie Amalie of Austria, a sister-in-law of his uncle Albert, Prince of Saxony and Duke of Teschen. Maxilimian and Caroline had seven children. In 1825 Maximilian married Princess Luise of Bourbon (Maria Luisa Carlotta), daughter of the King Louis of Etruria and niece of his first wife Caroline. She was forty-three years younger than her husband. They had no children.

Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (born 1933) he is the elder son of Berthold, Margrave of Baden and Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark. In 1966 Maximilian married Archduchess Valerie of Austria, daughter of Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria and Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm. Their marriage produced four children.

Massimiliano Palombara (1614 � 1680) was marquis of Pietraforte and Conservator of Rome between 1651 and 1677.

Prince Maximilian Nicholas Maria of Liechtenstein (German: Maximilian Nikolaus Maria)(1969) is the second son of Prince Hans-Adam II and Princess Marie. He married Angela Gisela Brown in 2000. They have one son.

Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867) was a German explorer, ethnologist and naturalist. The grandson of the ruling count (after 1784 prince) Johann Friedrich Alexander of Wied-Neuwied

Maximilian, Duke von Hohenberg (Maximilian Karl Franz Michael Hubert Anton Ignatius Joseph Maria)(1902 � 1962), was the elder son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa und Wognin, Duchess von Hohenberg Because his parents' marriage was morganatic, he was excluded from succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne, to which his father was heir presumptive, and to inheritance of any of his father's dynastic titles, income and properties, although not from the archduke's personal estate nor from his mother's property.In 1926 he married Countess Maria Elisabeth Bona von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee (1904 - 1993). They had six sons.

Prince Maximilian of Hohenberg (1970), a son of Duke Georg of Hohenberg and Princess Eleonore of Auersperg-Breunner (1928). In 2000 he married Emilia Oliva Cattaneo Vieti (1971). They have three children.

Maximilian Bailey (2010) son of Princess Marie-Therese von Hohenberg (1972) and Anthony John James Bailey (1970)

Duke Maximilian William of Brunswick-L�neburg (German: Maximilian Wilhelm)(1666 � 1726), often called Max, was a member of the House of Hanover who served as an Imperial Field Marshal. His parents were Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-L�neburg, and Sophia of the Palatinate, and he was the third of six sons to survive to adulthood.

Count Maximilian Gustav Albrecht Richard Augustin von G�tzen-Iturbide (1944) is a Hungarian-born businessman and head of Imperial House of Mexico since 1949. The son of Baroness Maria Gizela Tunkl von Aschbrunn und Hohenstadt and her second husband Count Gustav von G�tzen. His maternal grandmother, Princess Mar�a Josepha Sophia de Iturbide, was the eldest child of Prince Salvador de Iturbide, a grandson of Agust�n de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico, and an adopted son of Emperor Maximilian I. By permission of the Hungarian Interior Ministry, the children of Baroness Maria Gizela and Count Gustav were allowed to use the surname G�tzen-Iturbide, while G�tzen's given names reflect his lineage from Mexico's two emperors. Although he is the head of the Imperial House of Mexico, G�tzen does not pursue any claim to the throne and has said his only political interest is the legacy and reputation of his ancestor Augustin de Iturbide, the leader of Mexico's independence movement. In 1990 he was married to Anna Rosa Maria Helena von Franceschi, daughter of Johann Karl von Franceschi and Maria Martha Kukuljevic-Bassani de Sacci. The couple has 2 children.


Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne, Baron de Camus and Mountany (1705 � 1757) was an Austrian military leader during the middle of the 18th century, and a scion of the Irish "Wild Geese". He was the son of Count Ulysses von Browne (1659-1731), second Earl of Browne in the Jacobite Peerage by his wife Annabella Fitzgerald, a daughter of the House of Desmond. He had two sons, Philip George (1727�1803) and Joseph Ulysses (1728�1758).

Count Maximilian Anton Karl Baillet de Latour (French: Maximilien-Antoine-Charles-Joseph Comte de Baillet de Latour) (1737 � 1806) was an Austrian general during the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1772 he married Charlotte-Sophie de Gu�rin de La Marche (d-1806). And had issue.

Maximilian Karl Lamoral Graf O�Donnell von Tyrconnell (1812 � 1895) was an Austrian officer and civil servant who became famous when he helped save the life of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria. O'Donnell was a descendant of the Irish noble dynasty of O'Donnell of Tyrconnell. son of Count Maurice O'Donnell (Moritz Graf O'Donnell) (1780�1843), and Christine (1788 � 1867), the legitimate daughter of Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne. He married Franziska Wagner, who was not of noble birth, and the marriage was frowned upon.

Maximilian, Count von Merveldt (1764 � 1815), among the most famous of an illustrious old Westphalian family.

Archduke Maximilian of Austria (Maximilian Eugen Ludwig Friedrich Philipp Ignatius Joseph Maria)(1895 � 1952) was a member of the House of Habsburg and the younger brother of the Emperor Charles I of Austria. From April 10, 1919 according to republican Austrian law his name was Maximilian Eugen Habsburg-Lothringen Maximilian was the second son of Archduke Otto of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony. In 1917 he married Princess Franziska zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsf�rst, daughter of Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsf�rst and Countess Franziska von Sch�nborn-Buchheim. Maximilian and Franziska had two children.

Prince Maximilian Hugo of Windisch-Graetz (1990) Son of Archduchess Sophie Franziska Maria Germaine of Austria (1959) and Prince Mariano Hugo of Windisch-Graetz (1955).

Archduke Maximilian Heinrich Ferdinand of Austria (1961) Son of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Max Franz Otto Konrad Maria Joseph Ignatius Nikolaus of Austria, Count of Kyburg (1918-2004) and Countess Helene Marina Elisabeth zu T�rring-Jettenbach (1937). He married first in 1987, Countess Lydia of Abensberg-Traun 1964), daughter of Count Ernst Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun and Felicia Gu�pin, divorced in 1991, without issue; married second in 2005  Sara Maya al-Askari (1977), daughter of Mamoun al-Askari. They have three children.

Archduke Jakob-Maximilian of Austria (2002) Son of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Augustinus Maria of Austria (1965) and Countess Katharina of Hardenberg (1968)

Maximilian Ernest of Austria (1583 � 1616), was a German prince member of the House of Habsburg and by birth Archduke of Austria. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Austria, in turn son of Emperor Ferdinand I, and Maria Anna of Bavaria. His elder brother Archduke Ferdinand, succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. He died unexpectedly aged thirty-two, unmarried and childless (however he left an illegitimate son, Don Carlos d'Austria, who died in 1638)

Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria (Maximilian Franz Xaver Joseph Johann Anton de Paula Wenzel)(1756 -1801) was Elector of Cologne, and Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. He was the youngest child of the Habsburg ruler of Austria, Maria Theresa, and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, for whom he was named.

Archduke Maximilian Joseph of Austria-Este (1782 �1863), the fourth son of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and and Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este. and younger brother of Francis IV, Duke of Modena. He was grand master of the Teutonic Knights from 1835 to 1863.

Prince Kraft Alexander Ernst Ludwig Georg Emich (1935-2004), since 1960 known as F�rst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg after the death of his father Gottfried. His mother was Margarita of Greece (Prince Philips eldest sister).

Tatiana von Preussen (1980) daughter of Prince Andreas (1947) and his non-dynastically wife Alexandra Blahova (1947). She is married to Philip Womack (1981). They have 1 son.

Princess Tatiana Constantinovna of Russia (1890-1979), eldest daughter of Russian poet Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia and wife, Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg. In the spring of 1911, Tatiana Konstantinovna became engaged to Prince Constantine Bagration of Mukhrani (1889-1915), a Georgian by birth who was serving in a Russian Imperial Guards regiment, and died in World War I. She was to be the first daughter of the Romanovs to openly marry a Russian subject or non-dynastic prince since the dynasty ascended the throne in 1613. Legally Tatiana Konstantinovna's marriage was morganatic. Her father did not approve of the match, and initially sent Tatiana away to the Crimea to visit her relative Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna. It was there that KR found his daughter with Konstantin, and gave his blessing. Tatiana Konstantinovna renounced her dynastic rights, as required. Finally, Tatiana Konstantinovna and her Georgian prince were married, at her father's estate at Pavlovsk, on 3 September 1911. Tatiana and Prince Constantine Bagration of Mukhrani had two children.


Lady Tatiana Helen Georgia Mountbatten (1990) is an English equestrian. Daughter of  George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven and his wife, Sarah Georgina (n�e Walker). Her paternal great-grandparents, Prince George of Battenberg and Countess Nadejda Mikhailovna de Torby, were morganatic descendants of German and Russian royal houses. Her great-grandparents gave up their German titles in exchange for titles within the British peerage, and Anglicized their family name from Battenberg to Mountbatten.


Countess Tatiana Lvovna Sukhotina-Tolstaya (Russian: Графиня Татья́на Льво́вна Сухо́тина-Толста́я)(1864 � 1950), was a Russian painter and memoirist. She is the second child and oldest daughter of writer Leo Tolstoy. In 1899 she married Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotin, although he was in his 50s and a widower with six children. He was still married when they met and she fell in love. In 1905, she gave birth to her only child, a daughter also called Tatiana.


Princess Tatiana Yusupova', Countess Tatiana Alexandrovna de Ribeaupierre (1828-1879), a lady in waiting to the Empress of Russia, married Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov, Marshal of the Imperial Court.



Countess Tatiana Bobrinskoy


Baroness Tatiana Franchetti

Also her daughter Tatiana Nikolaievna Yusupova (1866-1888).

Empress Elisabeth of Austria (born Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria)( 1837 �1898) was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary by marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph I. She was born into the royal Bavarian House of Wittelsbach. Nicknamed Sisi (also Sissi). Born Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie, she was the fourth child of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and Princess Ludovika of Bavaria, the half-sister of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. In 1853, Princess Sophie of Bavaria, the domineering mother of 23-year-old Emperor Franz Joseph, preferring to have a niece as a daughter-in-law rather than a stranger, arranged a marriage between her son and her sister Ludovika's eldest daughter, Helene ("N�n�"). Although the couple had never met, Franz Joseph's obedience was taken for granted by the archduchess, who was once described as "the only man in the Hofburg" for her authoritarian manner. Helene was a pious, quiet young woman, and she and Franz Joseph felt ill at ease in each other's company, but he was instantly infatuated with her younger sister. The couple was married in 1854. Franz Joseph was passionately in love with his wife, but she did not reciprocate his feelings fully and felt increasingly stifled by the rigidness of court life. He was an unimaginative and sober man, a political reactionary who was still guided by his mother and her adherence to the strict Spanish Court Ceremonial regarding both his public and domestic life, whereas Elisabeth inhabited a different world altogether. Restless to the point of hyperactivity, naturally introverted, and emotionally distant from her husband, she fled him as well as her duties of life at court, avoiding them both as much as she could. Franz Joseph and Elisabeth had 4 children: Sophie (1855-1857), Gisela (1856-1932), Rudolf (1858-1889) and Marie Valerie (1868-1924). Elisabeth was assinated in Geneva, Switzerland in 1898.

Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria (Elisabeth Marie Henriette Stephanie Gisela (1883 �1963) was the only child of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria and Princess St�phanie of Belgium, and a granddaughter of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and King Leopold II of the Belgians. She was known to the family as "Erzsi", a diminutive of her name in Hungarian.  Later nicknamed "The Red Archduchess", she was famous for becoming a socialist and a member of the Austrian Social Democratic Party. Elisabeth was considered a potential bride for several princes in Europe; among them was her cousin Prince Albert, heir presumptive to the throne of Belgium. In 1900 Elisabeth met Prince Otto Weriand of Windisch-Graetz (1873�1952) at a court ball. Ten years her senior, he was below her in rank. Nonetheless she importuned her grandfather to be allowed to marry him. Franz Joseph resisted at first, having intended for Elisabeth to marry the German Crown Prince, but eventually relented. By many accounts it was Elisabeth alone who wanted the marriage, as Otto was already engaged to Countess von Sch�nborn and was reportedly dumbfounded when Franz Joseph informed him of his new engagement. Ordered by the Emperor to break his "lesser" engagement to marry his granddaughter, he complied. In order to avoid future succession issues, the Emperor made the marriage conditional on Elisabeth's renouncing her right to succession, although he allowed her to keep her personal title and provided her with a generous dowry. The couple married in 1902. They had three sons: Prince Franz Joseph (1904�1981), Prince Ernst (1905�1952) and Prince Rudolf (1907�1939). Their last child and only daughter, Princess Stephanie (1909�2005). Throughout their marriage both Elisabeth and Otto were open in having affairs. Only after the death of Franz Joseph in 1916 and the end of the monarchy in 1918 did the couple officially separate. In 1921 Elisabeth joined the Social Democratic Party, where she met Leopold Petznek. She formally divorced Prince Otto in early 1948, and on 4 May 1948 she and Leopold married.

Princess Elisabeth of Bavaria (German: Elisabeth Marie Auguste Prinzessin von Bayern)( 1874 �1957) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach. She was known as Princess of Bavaria until 1918. Elisabeth was the first child of Prince Leopold of Bavaria and his wife Archduchess Gisela of Austria, a daughter of Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth of Austria. In 1893, she married, Otto Ludwig Philipp von Seefried auf Buttenheim, (1870 - 1951), Freiherr zu Hagenbach. Elisabeth and Otto eloped and married secretly, as they knew they would never be officially permitted to marry. Not only was Otto of much lower rank than Elisabeth, he was also a Protestant. In a letter announcing the marriage to his new parents-in-law, Otto stated that he and Elisabeth were so determined not to be parted that they had felt forced to choose between elopement and mutual suicide. Elisabeth's father, and especially her grandfather, Prince Regent Luitpold, were incensed upon being presented with this fait accompli. It took years for Elisabeth's relationship with her father to recover; their reconciliation was mostly due to the efforts of her mother Gisela and grandfather, Emperor Franz Joseph. Both of the latter gave the couple their blessing after the marriage was announced. The marriage proved to be a very happy one, and the couple had five children.

Countess Elisabeth von Seefried auf Buttenheim (1897- 1975) she was the 2nd child and daughter of Princess Elisabeth of Bavaria and Otto vo Seefried auf Buttenheim.

Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (1901-1936) daughter of Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (1868-1924) and Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria (1866-1939)

Elisabeth of Swabia (1203�1235), also known as Beatrice of Swabia, queen consort of Castile and Le�n

Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany (c. 1227�1273), queen consort of Germany, Jerusalem and Sicily

Elisabeth of Brunswick-L�neburg (1230�1266), queen consort of Germany

Elizabeth the Cuman (1239/1240�1290), queen consort and regent of Hungary

Elizabeth of Hungary, Queen of Serbia (1255�1313), queen consort of Serbia

Elizabeth of Sicily, Queen of Hungary (1261�1303), queen consort of Hungary

Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany (c. 1262�1312), queen consort of Germany

Elizabeth of Aragon (1271�1336), queen consort, queen dowager and queen mother of Portugal, also known as Saint Elizabeth of Portugal

Elisabeth Richeza of Poland (1286�1335), queen consort of Bohemia and Poland

Elizabeth de Burgh (1289�1327), queen consort of Scotland

Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292�1330), queen consort of Bohemia

Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Sicily (1298�1352), queen consort and regent of Sicily

Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg (c. 1300-before 1340), junior queen consort of Denmark, wife of Eric Christoffersen

Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary (1305�1380), queen consort of Hungary, regent of Poland

Elizabeth of Bosnia (c. 1339�1387), queen of Hungary and Poland

Elizabeth of Pomerania (1347�1393), queen consort and queen dowager of the Romans, Bohemia, Italy and Burgundy

Elisabeth of Nuremberg (1358�1411), queen consort of the Romans

Isabeau of Bavaria (c. 1370�1435), also known as Elisabeth of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, queen consort of France

Elizabeth Granowska (c. 1372�1420), queen consort of Poland

Elizabeth of Luxembourg (1409�1442), queen consort of the Romans, Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia

Elisabeth of Habsburg (1436�1505), queen consort, queen dowager and queen mother of Poland

Elizabeth Woodville (c. 1437�1492), queen consort of Edward IV

Elizabeth of York (1466�1503), queen consort of King Henry VII of England

Elizabeth of Austria (1526�1545), queen consort of Poland

Elisabeth of Valois (1545-1568), queen consort of Spain

Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France (1554�1592), queen consort of France

Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia (1596�1662), daughter of James VI and I of Scotland and England, the "Winter Queen" of Bohemia

Elisabeth of France (1602�1644), queen consort of Spain and Portugal

Elisabeth Farnese (1692�1766), queen consort, queen dowager and queen mother of Spain

Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine (1711�1741), queen consort of Sardinia, Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia

Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel-Bevern (1715�1797), queen consort and queen dowager of Prussia

Kaʻahumanu (c. 1768�1832), also known as Elizabeth Kaʻahumanu, queen consort and queen regent of Hawaiʻi

Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria (1801 �1873) was a Princess of Bavaria and later Queen consort of Prussia. The daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his Queen Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine Margravine of Baden She was the identical twin sister of Queen Amalie of Saxony, consort of King John I of Saxony. She was a maternal aunt of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Sisi), who was Elisabeth's godchild and namesake. She was known within her family as Elise. In 1823, she married the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia. The couple had no children.

Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied (1843 �1916) was the Queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. She was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau. Elisabeth first met Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1861. In 1869, Karl, who was now Prince Carol of Romania, traveled to Germany in search of a suitable consort. He was reunited with Elisabeth, and the two were married in 1869. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three � an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom. As "Carmen Sylva", she wrote with facility in German, Romanian, French and English.

Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter (1363�1426), younger daughter and second surviving child of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster

Elisabeth von Matsch, (1380s�around 1439), last countess of Toggenburg

Elizabeth B�thory (1560�1614), niece of the Polish King Stephen B�thory; Hungarian countess and murderer

Elizabeth of Hungary (1207�1231), the daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary

Elizabeth of Aragon or Elizabeth of Portugal (1271�1336), Queen consort of Portugal

Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis (German: Elisabeth Maria Maximiliana) (1860- 1881) was the Duchess of Braganza and wife of Miguel, Duke of Braganza. Elisabeth was the second eldest child and daughter of Maximilian Anton Lamoral, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Duchess Helene in Bavaria. Elisabeth married Miguel, Duke of Braganza, only son and second eldest child of Miguel I of Portugal and his wife Adelaide of L�wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg in 1877. Elisabeth and Miguel had three children.

Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis (German: Elisabeth Helene, Prinzessin von Thurn und Taxis) (1903- 1976) was a Princess of Thurn und Taxis by birth and a Princess and Duchess of Saxony, Margravine of Meissen, and titular Queen consort of Saxony through her marriage to Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen. Elisabeth was the sixth child of Albert, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Archduchess Margarethe Klementine of Austria. Elisabeth married Prince Friedrich Christian of Saxony, second eldest child and son of Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and his wife Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany in 1923. Elisabeth and Friedrich had five children

Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis (Elisabeth Margarete Maria Anna Beatriz Prinzessin von Thurn und Taxis)( 1982) is a German journalist, author, socialite, and art collector. She is the second child and daughter of Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Countess Gloria von Sch�nburg-Glauchau. She has been referred to in the press as Princess TNT, a nickname once associated with her mother, Gloria, Princess of Thurn und Taxis.

Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia (1857 �1895) was a German princess. She was the second child of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia and Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau. In 1878, Elisabeth Anna married Frederick Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg. It was a double wedding, in which Princess Charlotte of Prussia (daughter of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia) married Bernhard, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen. Frederick Augustus was said to be pleased with his beautiful and charming bride, and their marriage was a harmonious one. Elisabeth Anna and her husband had two daughters.

Elisabeth of Austria (died 1107), daughter of Leopold II, Margrave of Austria

Elisabeth of Austria (1124�1143), daughter of Leopold III, Margrave of Austria; wife of Hermann II of Winzenburg

Elisabeth of Austria (d. 1353), daughter of Albert I of Germany, Duke of Austria; wife of Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine

Elisabeth of Austria (1436�1505), daughter of Albert II of Germany; Queen consort of Casimir IV of Poland and Lithuania

Elisabeth of Austria (1526�1545), daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor; Queen consort of Sigismund II Augustus of Poland

Elisabeth of Austria (1554�1592), daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor; Queen consort of Charles IX of France

Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska Maria of Austria (1831 �1903) was the daughter of Palatine Joseph of Hungary (1776�1847) and his third wife Maria Dorothea of W�rttemberg (1797�1855). Her first marriage, in 1847, was to her second cousin Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este (1821�1849), by whom she had one daughter. Her second marriage, in 1854, in Vienna, was to her first cousin Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (1818�1874) by whom she had six children.

Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria, Princess of Tuscany (1939), daughter of princess Dorothea of Bavaria (German: Dorothea Theresa Marie Franziska, Prinzessin von Bayern)(1920 �2015) and Archduke Gottfried of Austria. She married in 1965, Friedrich Hubert Edler von Braun (1934), son of Erich Edler von Braun and Baroness Elisabeth von Teuchert-Kauffmann und Traunsteinburg. They have three children.

Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria (1878 �1960) was a daughter of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria and his third wife Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal. In 1903, in Vienna, Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie married Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein. The couple had eight children together She was the mother of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and the paternal grandmother of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein.

Princess Maria Elisabeth of Liechtenstein (1969), daughter of Amalie Gr�fin von Podstatzky-Lichtenstein (1935) and Prince Heinrich Hartneid of Liechtenstein (Heinrich Hartneid Maria Franz de Paula Johann Aloys Joseph Ignatius Benedictus Hilarion)( 1920 �1993)  She married in 2004 Gilles Rouvinez (1964), without issue

Elisabeth von Gutmann (1875 �1947) was Princess consort of Liechtenstein from 1929 to 1938 as the wife of Prince Franz I of Liechtenstein (1853-1938) Elisabeth (also known as Elsa) was born at Vienna, Austria-Hungary. She was the daughter of Wilhelm Isak, Ritter von Gutmann and his second wife Ida Wodianer. Her father was a Jewish businessman from Moravia. His coal mining and trading company, Gebr�der Gutmann, In 1899, Elisabeth was married in Vienna to Hungarian Baron G�za Erős of Bethlenfalva (1866�1908). Before their marriage Elisabeth became a catholic. He died on 7 August 1908. They had no children. In 1929 Elisabeth married Prince Franz I of Liechtenstein. They had no children. In early 1938, just after the annexation of Austria into Greater Nazi Germany, 84-year-old Prince Franz I relinquished decision-making to his 31-year-old grandnephew, who would later succeed him as Prince Franz Joseph II.

Countess Elisabeth Douglas (1940) daughter of Count Carl Ludvig Douglas and Ottora Maria Haas-Heye. In 1967 she married Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria, son of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, and his first wife, Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan, and great-grandson of King Ludwig III of Bavaria. They have five daughters.

Duchess Elisabeth Marie Christine Franziska in Bavaria (1973), 4th daughter of  Countess Elisabeth Douglas (1940)  and  Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria She married in  2004 in Munich, Daniel Terberger (1967). They have two children.

Elizabeth Christiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1758 - 1824) was an English novelist and aristocrat. She is best known as Lady Elizabeth Foster, the close friend of Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire. Known as Bess, she was born Elizabeth Christiana Hervey, in a small house in Horringer, St Edmundsbury, Suffolk. Her father, Frederick Hervey, Bishop of Derry, later became the fourth Earl of Bristol. In 1776, Elizabeth married Irishman John Thomas Foster (1747�1796). The Fosters had two sons, Frederick (3 October 1777 � 1853) and Augustus John Foster (1780 � 1848). Their only daughter, also named Elizabeth, was born prematurely on 17 November 1778 and lived only eight days. In May 1782, Bess met the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire in Bath, and quickly became Georgiana's closest friend. From this time, she lived in a triad with Georgiana and her husband, William, the 5th Duke of Devonshire, for about 25 years. She bore two illegitimate children by the Duke: a daughter, Caroline St Jules, and a son, Augustus (later Augustus Clifford, 1st Baronet), who were raised at Devonshire House with the Duke's legitimate children by Georgiana. Georgiana grew ill and died in 1806; three years later, Bess married the duke and became the Duchess of Devonshire. He died two years later.

Lady Elizabeth Stafford (later Duchess of Norfolk) (c.1497 �1558) was the eldest daughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Lady Eleanor Percy. By marriage she became Duchess of Norfolk. Her abusive marriage to Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, created a public scandal.
Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (n�e Seymour)( 1716 �1776), also suo jure 2nd Baroness Percy, was a British peer. Percy was the only daughter of Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset and his wife, Frances, daughter of Henry Thynne.
In 1740, she married Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt and they had two sons, Hugh (1742�1817) and Algernon (1750�1830). On her father's death in 1750, she inherited his barony of Percy and her husband acquired from her father his earldom of Northumberland by special remainder and changed his family name from Smithson to Percy that year. They had 3 children

Lady Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland  and Sir Hugh Smithson She died unmarried

Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset and suo jure Baroness Percy (1667 � 1722) was a great heiress. She was styled Lady Elizabeth Percy between 1667 and 1679, Countess of Ogle between 1679 and 1681, Lady Elizabeth Thynne between 1681 and 1682 and Duchess of Somerset between 1682 and 1722. Elizabeth was the only surviving child and sole heiress of Joceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644�1670). Lady Elizabeth was one of the closest personal friends of Queen Anne  She married three times, having children by the third marriage only. At the age of twelve she married, in 1679, the 20 year-old Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle (1659 �1680), the only son and heir of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, who in accordance with the marriage settlement adopted the surname of Percy in lieu of his patronymic. Unfortunately he died the following year. The marriage probably had not been consummated.  In 1681, at the age of fourteen, she married Thomas Thynne (died 1682) of Longleat, Wiltshire, known due to his great income as "Tom of Ten Thousand", a relative of Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth. He was murdered the following February by a gang on the order of Swedish Count Karl Johann von K�nigsmark, who had started to pursue Elizabeth following the rumour that her marriage was unhappy. At the age of fifteen, five months after the death of Thomas Thynne, Elizabeth married, in  1682, the 20 year-old Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, of Marlborough Castle in Wiltshire, and so became Duchess of Somerset. By the duke she had 7 children.

Lady Elizabeth Seymour (1685�1734), daughter of Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset and  Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset  Wife of Henry O'Brien, 8th Earl of Thomond (1688�1741), childless. His chosen heir was her younger nephew, Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond (c. 1713 � 1774), of Shortgrove, Essex, who adopted the surname O'Brien and was elevated to the peerage.

�lisabeth Charlotte of Lorraine (�lisabeth Charlotte Gabri�le)( 1700 �1711) was a Princess of Lorraine. daughter of �lisabeth Charlotte d'Orl�ans (1676 �1744) and Leopold, Duke of Lorraine. She died of smallpox aged 10. She was the Titular Abbess of Remiremont.

Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria (German: Prinzessin Maria Elisabeth Franziska Josepha Therese von Bayern)( 1914 �2011) was the eldest daughter of Prince Franz of Bavaria, third son of Ludwig III of Bavaria and Princess Isabella Antonie of Cro� (1890�1982). In 1937 Princess Maria Elisabeth married Prince Pedro Henrique of Orl�ans-Braganza, head of one of the branches of the Imperial House of Brazil. The couple had 12 children.

Princess Maria Elizabeth Josefa �ngela Michaela Gabriela Raphaela Gonzaga de Orl�ans-Bragan�a e Godinho (1982), daughter of Prince Francisco Maria Jos� Rasso Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orl�ans-Bragan�a e Wittelsbach (1955) and  Cl�udia Regina Lisboa Martins Godinho (1954) She married in 2011, Pablo Trinidade de Souza (1981), son of Evandro Romeo de Souza and Isis Maria Trinidade. They have two daughters.

Countess Elisabeth Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz (Czech: hraběnka Al�běta Dobřensk� z Dobřenic)( 1875 - 1951) was a Bohemian noblewoman whose marriage to the son of the former heiress to the throne of Brazil prompted renunciation of his claim to the abolished monarchy's throne. She was the daughter of Johann Wenzel (Jan V�clav), Count Dobrzensky of Dobrzenicz and his wife, Countess Elisabeth Kottulinsky, Baroness of Kottulin and Krzizkowitz. In 1908 Elisabeth married Pedro de Alc�ntara, Prince of Gr�o-Par�. He had previously renounced his hereditary claim to the crown of Brazil because she was not of royal birth. They had five children.

�lisabeth of France (�lisabeth Philippe Marie H�l�ne de France)( 1764 �1794), known as Madame �lisabeth, was a French princess and the youngest sibling of King Louis XVI. The youngest child of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie-Jos�phe of Saxony. Several attempts were made to arrange a marriage for her. She never married. Elisabeth remained beside the king and his family during the French Revolution and was executed at Place de la R�volution in Paris during the Terror. She is regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as a martyr and is venerated as a Servant of God.

�lisabeth de Bourbon (1614 �1664) was a granddaughter of King Henry IV of France. Her father was C�sar de Bourbon, Duke of Vend�me, legitimised son of King Henry IV of France and his official mistress Gabrielle d'Estr�es. Her mother was Princess Fran�oise of Lorraine (1592�1669), daughter and heiress of Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Merc�ur, himself a rival of Henry IV. Her mother was the Duchess of Merc�ur and Penthi�vre in her own right and was the greatest heiress of her time. Styled as Mademoiselle de Vend�me prior to marriage, she was the second of three children  In 1643 at the Louvre, Mademoiselle de Vend�me married Charles Amadeus of Savoy, Duke of Nemours. The young prince was a member of a cadet branch of the house of Savoy which had settled in France. The young prince was a direct descendant of Philip II, Duke of Savoy as was �lisabeth. They had two daughters who would marry the heirs to the thrones of Savoy and Portugal, and three sons who died shortly after birth.

Louise �lisabeth de Bourbon (Louise �lisabeth)( 1693�1775) was a daughter of Louis III de Bourbon, Prince of Cond�, and his wife, Louise Fran�oise de Bourbon, l�gitim�e de France, a legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV of France and his famous mistress, Madame de Montespan. In 1713, Louise �lisabeth married her first cousin Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti, at Versailles. Her husband, who was three years younger than his bride, had become the Prince of Conti in 1709 upon the early death of his father Fran�ois Louis, Prince of Conti. His mother was the pious Marie Th�r�se de Bourbon, eldest granddaughter of Le Grand Cond�. Her marriage was part of a double wedding between the Cond� and Conti branches of the House of Bourbon; Louise �lisabeth's older brother Louis Henri de Bourbon married Mademoiselle de Conti, Marie Anne de Bourbon-Conti.

�lisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon (�lisabeth Th�r�se Alexandrine)( 1705 �1765) was a French princess of the blood and a daughter of Monsieur le Duc. Her father was the grandson of the Grand Cond� and her mother, Madame la Duchesse was the eldest surviving daughter of Louis XIV of France and his Ma�tresse-en-titre, Madame de Montespan. Named in honour of her older sister Louise �lisabeth and her uncle Louis Alexandre de Bourbon (Count of Toulouse), she was known by her second name of Alexandrine. Like most of her sisters, she would never marry.

Elisabeth Farnese (Italian: Elisabetta Farnese, Spanish: Isabel de Farnesio)( 1692 �1766) a daughter of Odoardo Farnese and Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg. Her mother later married her uncle Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma.was Queen of Spain by marriage to King Philip V in 1714. The marriage was arranged much because of the sexual need of Philip V, as his religious scruples prevented him from having a sexual life outside of marriage and he had insisted upon his conjugal rights almost until the last days of his previous consort�s life. She exerted great influence over Spain's foreign policy and was the de facto ruler of Spain from 1714 until 1746. From 1759 until 1760, she governed as regent. The couple had 6 children.

Princess Elisabeth of Bourbon Parma (1904), daughter of Elie Roberto Carlos Maria Pio Jose of Bourbon Parma (1880-1959) and Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1882-1940)

Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Mecklenburg (1947) daughter of Archduchess Ilona of Austria (German: Ilona Erzherzogin von �sterreich)(1927 �2011) and Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg (German: Georg Alexander Herzog zu Mecklenburg)( 1921 �1996). Married Alhard, Baron von dem Bussche-Ippenburg (1947) in 1974/1975. Had two daughters and one son, Ricarda, Josina and Gabriel before divorcing in 1997.


Elizabeth Stewart, Princess of Scotland was a daughter of Robert II of Scotland and Euphemia de Ross. She was born between 1356 and 1370, well after her parents' marriage on 2 May 1355. She married David Lindsay on 22 February 1375. Her dowry was the barony of Strathnairn in Inverness-shire. In 1398, her father granted Lindsay the title of Earl of Crawford. They had seven, possibly eight, children:

Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (1282 �1316) was the eighth and youngest daughter of King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castile.