Footnotes

1

S.
Goldhill
,
‘City ideology and the problem of difference: the politics of Aeschylean tragedy, once again’
,
JHS
120
(
2000
)
34
56
.reference
(35). Cf. J. J. Winkler and F. Zeitlin, in Nothing to do with Dionysos? Athenian drama in its social context, ed. J. J. Winkler and F. Zeitlin (Princeton 1990) 4: ‘The more we learn about the original production of tragedies and comedies in Athens, the more it seems wrong even to call them plays in the modern sense of the word.’ For the discussion see esp. R. Friedrich, ‘Everything to do with Dionysos? Ritualism, the Dionysiac, and the tragic’, in Tragedy and the tragic ed. M. Silk (Oxford 1996) 257–83;
J.
Griffin
,
‘The social function of Attic tragedy’
,
CQ
48
(
1998
)
39
61
.reference

2

S.
Goldhill
,
‘The Great Dionysia and civic ideology’
,
JHS
107
(
1987
)
58
76
;reference
quoted from Winkler and Zeitlin, Nothing to do with Dionysos (see n. 1 above) 100–29.

3

Goldhill, ‘Great Dionysia’ (see n. 2 above) 128. See also

W. R.
Connor
,
‘City Dionysia and Athenian democracy’
,
C&M
40
(
1989
)
7
32
;reference
C. Sourvinou‐Inwood, ‘Something to do with Athens: tragedy and ritual’, in Ritual, finance, politics. Athenian democratic accounts presented to David Lewis ed. R. Osborne and S. Hornblower (Oxford 1994) 269–90.

4

See further A. Pickard‐Cambridge, The dramatic festivals of Athens. 2nd edn (Oxford 1968) 40; P. Wilson, The Athenian institution of the khoregia (Cambridge 2000) 28.

5

Wilson, Khoregia (see n. 4 above) 28. Cf. Pickard‐Cambridge, Festivals (see n. 4 above) 26, 41; Goldhill, ‘Great Dionysia’ (see n. 2 above) 102.

6

Pickard‐Cambridge, Festivals (see n. 4 above) 25–42.

7

Pickard‐Cambridge, Festivals (see n. 4 above) 42–56.

8

O. Taplin, Comic angels and other approaches to Greek drama through vase‐paintings (Oxford 1993) 2. Cf.,

P. E.
Easterling
,
‘Euripides outside Athens: a speculative note’
,
Illinois Classical Studies
19
(
1994
)
73
80
. reference

9

Plut. Nic. 29. 3–5. On the diffusion of interest in tragedy in the Greek West see Taplin, Comic angels (see n. 8 above) 21–29, esp. 27: ‘The vases confirm that Athenian tragedy was part of life in fourth‐century Megale Hellas’. On a non‐Athenian market for comic plays see Taplin, Comic angels (see n. 8 above) 30–47; N. W. Slater, ‘The fabrication of comic illusion’, in G. W. Dobrov, Beyond Aristophanes. Transition and diversity in Greek comedy (Atlanta GA 1995) 32–34.

10

Pl. Rep. 475d graphic. Trans. P. Shorey.

11

Pickard‐Cambridge, Festivals (see n. 4 above) 52. See Dem. de Cor. 262, cf. ibid. 267, 180.

12

Pickard‐Cambridge, Festivals (see n. 4 above) 52.

13

Cf. Slater, ‘Comic illusion’ (see n. 9 above) 31: ‘Evidence for deme theatres in Attica in the late fifth century may not be conclusive proof for touring productions of comedies and tragedies staged earlier in Athens, though we do know that tragedies were restaged in the theatre in the Peiraeus. The real explosion of demand for theatre comes in the fourth century.’

14

Frogs 52; cf. Pickard‐Cambridge, Festivals (see n. 4 above) 276.

15

Arist. Poet. 1450b 17–19, trans. S. H. Butcher, slightly changed.

16

M. Finkelberg, The birth of literary fiction in ancient Greece (Oxford 1998) 25–27, 172–77. A. Ford, The origins of criticism. Literary culture and poetic theory in classical Greece (Princeton 2002) 231, locates this development in the first half of the fourth century.

17

Gorgias 82B23 DK.

18

See Hes. Th. 27–28; Solon 29 West; Xenophanes 21B11 DK (cf. also 21 B 1. 19–23); Hecataeus fr. 1 Jacoby, cf. fr. 19; Heraclitus 22A22 DK (cf. B42, B56) and B40 (cf. B57, B106). Cf.

W.
Rösler
,
‘Die Entdeckung der Fiktionalität in der Antike’
,
Poetica
12
(
1980
)
286
89
. reference

19

90. 3. 10 DK graphic. Cf. 2. 28; 3 17.

20

See further Finkelberg, Birth of fiction (see n. 16 above) 181–91. Cf. Ford, Origins of criticism (see n. 16 above) 229–31.

21

Hdt. 6.21, trans. G. Rawlinson, with minor changes.

22

Rep. 605d, trans. P. Shorey. Cf. J. Herington, Poetry into drama. Early tragedy and the Greek poetic tradition (Berkeley CA 1985) 10–14.

23

Gorg. 82b 11.9 DK, trans. O. Taplin.

24

O. Taplin, Greek tragedy in action (London 1985) 168. Taplin's italics.

25

Rep. 606a–b.

26

A fragment from the Women at the Dionysia by the Middle Comedy poet Timocles (6 K.‐A., 8–19), in which a character discusses how watching the mythological plots of tragedy brings comfort and consolation for the spectators in their personal griefs, also points in this direction. For the discussion see Slater, ‘Comic illusion’ (see n. 9 above) 34–35.

27

P. Bourdieu, The field of cultural production. Essays on art and literature (New York 1993) 35.

28

Plut. Mor. 15c‐d, trans. F. C. Babbit. Cf. Mor. 348c. A brilliant illustration to the same effect can be found in Partridge's reactions to a London performance of Hamlet in Book 16 of Tom Jones (Chapter 5); in Fielding's own words, the naïve criticisms of Partridge are ‘the simple dictates of nature, unimproved indeed, but likewise unadulterated, by art’. The episode featuring a performance of the Bluebeard tale before a Maori audience in Jane Campion's film The Piano, set in nineteenth‐century New Zealand, offers a modern parallel.

29

Herington, Poetry into drama (see n. 22 above) 96.

30

Cf.

A.
Bierl
,
‘Dionysus, wine, and tragic poetry: a metatheatrical reading of P. Köln VI 242A =TrGrF II F646a’
,
GRBS
31
(
1990
)
367
368
,reference
commenting on tragic apate: ‘The precondition of the function of theatre is an agreement between poet and audience on the process of communication. The poet must have the ability to exert “deception” on the public; but the public must be willing to be “deceived”, that is to become involved in the illusion the poet produces.’ On the development of illusion in comedy see Slater, ‘Comic illusion’ (see n. 9 above) 29–45.

31

Symp. 194b–c, trans. M. Joyce.

32

J. Annas, ‘Plato on the triviality of literature’, in Plato on beauty, wisdom, and the arts, ed. J. Moravcsik and P. Temko (Totowa NJ 1982) 18.

33

Leg. 658e; Philb. 51c. Cf. Finkelberg, Birth of fiction (see n. 16 above) 198–200.

34

Arist. Poet. 1453a 30–36. Cf. S. Halliwell. Aristotle's Poetics (London 1986) 169–70.

35

Pol. 1341b14–19, trans. E. Barker. Cf. Pol. 1342a17–27; Rhet. 1404a.

36

Pol. 1281b8–10 graphic

37

E. Barker, The Politics of Aristotle (Oxford 1946) 128.

38

Arist. Poet. 1455a 27–29. See further

J. R.
Green
,
‘Carcinus and the temple: a lesson in the staging of tragedy’
,
GRBS
31
(
1990
)
281
85
;reference
and
J.
Davidson
,
‘Carcinus and the temple: a problem in the Athenian theater’
,
Classical Philology
98
(
2003
)
109
22
.reference

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