He recognized the existence of gases.
Identified carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis

Invented the compound microscope
End of the 16th century

-The author of the scientific and the philosophical system.

Discovered the law of elasticity. (Hooke’s Law)
Did a ton of research for a variety of fields.

Research on lower animals contributed to the doctrine of spontaneous generation.
Observations laid the foundation for the sciences of bacteria and protozoology.

Recognized the distinction between gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Improved plant taxonomy.
Contributed to the knowledge of plant morphology, embryology, and biogeography.

Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system
Study of pepsin
Discovery of the organic nature of yeast
Invention of the term metabolism

German botanist, cofounder of the cell theory.
He wrote “Contributions to Phytogenesis” (1838), in which he stated that the different parts of the plant organism are composed of cells or derivatives of cells.
Schleiden became the first to formulate what was then an informal belief as a principle of biology equal in importance to the atomic theory of chemistry.
Recognized the importance of the cell nucleus.

Founded the “Journal of Scientific Zoology”.
Kölliker’s investigations covered the development of cephalopods, structure of smooth muscle, and development and differentiation of red blood cells. The significance of the germ layers in development He described spermatozoa as cellular in origin and nature and emphasized the significance of sudden change in evolution as opposed to gradual change. Among his important works were “Handbook of Human Histology” and “Embryology of Man and Higher Animals”.

He pioneered the modern concept of pathological processes by his application of the cell theory.
He emphasized that diseases arose, not in organs or tissues in general, but primarily in their individual cells.

One of the most important founders of medical microbiology.
Contributions to science, technology, and medicine.
Pioneered the study of molecular asymmetry.
Discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease.
Originated the process of pasteurization.
Saved the beer, wine, and silk industries in France.
Developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies.