William A. Wheeler
Vice president of the United States from 1877 to 1881 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819 – June 4, 1887) was an American politician and attorney. He served as a United States representative from New York from 1861 to 1863 and 1869 to 1877, and the 19th vice president of the United States from 1877 to 1881.
William A. Wheeler | |
|---|---|
 Wheeler in 1877 | |
| 19th Vice President of the United States | |
| In office March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 | |
| President | Rutherford B. Hayes |
| Preceded by | Henry Wilson |
| Succeeded by | Chester A. Arthur |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York | |
| In office March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1877 | |
| Preceded by | Calvin T. Hulburd |
| Succeeded by | Amaziah B. James |
| Constituency | 17th district (1869–1873) 18th district (1873–1875) 19th district (1875–1877) |
| In office March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863 | |
| Preceded by | George Palmer |
| Succeeded by | Orlando Kellogg |
| Constituency | 16th district |
| Member of the New York Senate from the 17th district | |
| In office January 1, 1858 – December 31, 1859 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph H. Ramsey |
| Succeeded by | Charles C. Montgomery |
| Member of the New York State Assembly from the Franklin County district | |
| In office January 1, 1850 – December 31, 1851 | |
| Preceded by | George Gove |
| Succeeded by | Darius Lawrence |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Almon Wheeler (1819-06-30)June 30, 1819 Malone, New York, U.S. |
| Died | June 4, 1887(1887-06-04) (aged 67) Malone, New York, U.S. |
| Resting place | Morningside Cemetery, Malone, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Whig Republican |
| Spouse |
Mary King
(m. 1845; died 1876) |
| Parents |
|
| Education | University of Vermont (BA) |
| Profession | Attorney |
| Signature |  |
Born in Malone, New York, Wheeler pursued a legal career after attending the University of Vermont. After serving in various local positions, he won election to the New York State Legislature. He served in Congress from 1861 to 1863 and from 1869 to 1877. He was widely respected for his integrity and refused a salary increase after Congress passed an 1873 pay raise that he opposed.
After the 1876 Republican National Convention settled on Rutherford B. Hayes as the party's presidential nominee after seven ballots, the delegates nominated Wheeler for vice president. Nominated by Congressman Luke P. Poland, Wheeler surged into an early lead over Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, Marshall Jewell, and Stewart L. Woodford to clinch the nomination on the first ballot. Wheeler was nominated because he was popular among his colleagues and had worked to avoid making enemies in Congress. In addition, as a resident of the populous Eastern state of New York, he provided geographical balance to the ticket, since Hayes was from the populous Midwest state of Ohio. The Republican ticket prevailed in the contentious 1876 presidential election, though they lost the popular vote. Though they had not known each other before the convention, Wheeler and Hayes got along amicably while in office. They chose not to seek second terms, and Wheeler returned to Malone, New York, after the end of his term. He died in 1887 and was buried at Morningside Cemetery in Malone.
During Wheeler's vice presidency, the Hayes administration abandoned post-Civil War Reconstruction and pursued an alliance between Northern Republicans and Old Southern Whigs. Hayes hoped former Whigs who made up the South's business and merchant classes would supplant the Democratic plantation owners who dominated politics and government. This scenario did not materialize, and the end of Republican efforts to ensure civil rights and social equality for former slaves doomed Southern blacks to oppression by white supremacists, who enacted Jim Crow laws that lasted for decades.