Germany depth study Flashcards | Quizlet
 
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Germany depth study

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (69)

What happened to Kaiser at end of ww1
Forced to abdicate by friedrich ebert - social democrat leader and first chancellor
When does Hitler become leader of the Nazi party
1921
Who were the SA
Exsoldiers - brownshirts
What is the SS?
Black shirts - elite, Hitler's bodyguard, under Himmler, Aryan
What percent of the vote did the Nazi party get in 1928
2%
Why did the Nazis fail in the 1928 election
The golden age
How did the Nazis do in the July 1932 election
230 seats - largest party in Reichstag
When was Hitler appointed Chancellor and what did Hindenburg and von Papen believe
30th of January 1933, Von Papen persuaded Hindenburg to appoint him because they believed they could control him but were very mistaken - backstairs intrigue
Although the Weimar government was successful in the 20s what was its weaknesses that led to Hitler gaining power
Proportional representation allows extremists to form parties like the Nazis, coalition governments are weak in times of crisis, article 48
When was the law against the new formation of parties passed and what did it mean
14th of July 1933 now Germany was a one party state (part of Gleichschaltung)
When were all trade unions banned and what did this mean
2 May 1933 - now all workers had to join the German labour front which was a Nazi controlled organisation (part of Gleichschaltung)
By 1934 how many men were in the SA
2.5 mill
When and what was the night of the Long knives and what did this mean for Hitler
29/30th June 1934 - SS acted against SA, arrested and executed most of it's leadership, this meant that SA was no longer a threat to Hitler
When did Hindenburg die? And what happened when he died
2nd August 1934 - Army swears oath of loyalty to Hitler and he becomes Chancellor and President now
What did the SS do after the night of the Long knives
Now main security force, by 1935 they were given control over police force and the gestapo and some of them - SS Death's head - run the concentration camps
What is the Gestapo
Nazi secret police - to do w political loyalty, it encouraged people to report Nazi opponents out of fear (part of Gleichschaltung)
When were the first concentration camps set up and what were they
Dachau and Oranienburg 1933
What was the point of the concentration camps the gestapo and the SS
Helps create fear amongst ordinary Germans of being suspected of being an "enemy of the State"
What happened to the catholic church under Hitler
1933 Hitler signed an agreement called the Concordant with the Pope saying that the Nazi party would respect catholic worship and the Catholic Church would respect the Nazi party. 1937 Pope spoke out against Nazi party but it was too late
What happened to the Protestant church under Hitler
Hitler tried to Nazify the Protestant church, each church was supposed to have copy of Mein Kampf and swords on alter and pictures of Hitler were to be displayed in churches, Protestants that refused to accept this and adapt to the Nazi ideology to their religion were executed
In the late 30s what religion did the Nazis set up
German faith movement - based on traditional German myths and legends
When was the Reichstag dissolved
14 October 1933
What did the judges have to do
Swear on oath of loyalty to Hitler
When was the new ministry for public enlightenment and propaganda set up
13 mar 1933 - Goebbels head - controlled all media
What and when was the first public book burning
May 1933 - Goebbels supported a public book burning event where students in Berlin threw around 20,000 books that were considered un-German or Jewish onto a huge bonfire
How did Goebbels control radio
The Nazis controlled all radio stations which were used to put across Nazi ideas. Cheap radios were produced that could only tune into Nazi controlled radio stations. Loudspeakers were placed in the streets, in factories and cafees to air radio broadcasts
When did Nazis take over state governments
April 1933 (part of Gleichschaltung)
When was the law for the formation of the professional civil service passed and what did it mean
April 7th 1933 - Loud not used to replace anti-Nazi teachers, professors, judges etc (part of Gleichschaltung)
When and why could Gleichschaltung begin
Once the enabling act was passed and Hitler had absolute power
What was the Nazis aims for children
To control children, train girls to become mothers and wives, train boys to become soldiers, grow generation of loyal Nazi supporters
How did the Nazis control train and teach children
Education - curriculum, teachers, boys military, girls domestic skills, leisure - Hitler youth - no other alternative, culture - music, art, architecture, film, theatre, books, posters, religion
What were the groups of children that did not support the Nazis
Swing movement - middle class, Giles, US and English in Florence, choose, boys long hair, go short skirts - 1941 300+ arrested. Edelweiss pirates - working class, based in towns, anti-Nazi songs, graffiti - 1942, many arrested and in 1944 12 publicly hung
In what ways did the church pose a threat to Hitler and the Nazis
Organisation with many members so could be a source of opposition, they worship God not Hitler, something else to be loyal to, Catholic Church is global and has support from around the world, all generations go and are influenced by church, it's something else to take up your time
In what ways was the church useful to the Nazis
It can be used as an organisation to get across Nazi ideology, the church is large and if they can nazify it then the party can grow and has no opposition, the Virgin Mary emphasises motherhood to women
Was the concordant followed
No, catholic newspapers were shut down, gestapo agents spied on people going into confessional, lots of catholic priests were arrested, in 1934 the catholic youth league was dissolved
What was the Reich Church?
Created in 1933 - was to have power over all churches in Germany, did not have the Christian cross as it symbol but the swastika, Bible was replaced by Mein Kampf and put on altar with a sword, only invited Nazis could give sermons
Was the German faith movement successful
No, never exceeded 1% of population as supporters
Why did the Nazis persecute many groups in Germany
He believed the Aryans were the strongest in society (social Darwinism) and they lost the First World War because Germany had been weakened and divided by other races. To make Germany great again they had to encourage the Aryan race and persecute the other groups
Why did the Nazis hate the gypsies
Non-Aryan, homeless and workshy
What were the four steps of how the Nazis dealt with 'burdens on the community'
1 - Propaganda - stirs up resentment against these people, 2 - the sterilisation law July 1933, 3 - concentration camps, 4 - euthanasia campaign - murdering mentally ill and handicapped
Who did Hitler consider to be the lowest of the 'inferior' races
Jews
When was the department of racial hygiene set up
March 1933
How did Hitler persecute the Jews in April 1933
1st - National boycott of Jewish shops, cafés and businesses organised by SA, that month Jews were sacked from jobs such as civil service, universities, the law, schools, media and began excluding them from public places
When were Jews banned from inheriting land
September 1933
When were all Jewish shops marked, eg. W/ yellow star and separate seats were designated for them on buses, trains + in parks
1934
How are farmers doing in the interwar period
Badly, overproduction, falling prices, debts to banks as they were encouraged to buy more land during WW1
How did Hitler respond to unemployment
Women were encouraged not to work and taken out of work force, Jews Communist another opponents were taken out of workforce, buildup of army
When was the Spartacist revolution in Berlin
Jan 1919
When was the Kapp Putsch?
March 1920
who was put in charge of running the economy in '33 and introduced the 'New Plan' (which focused on economic recovery)?
dr Hjalmar Schacht
What is autarky?
economic self-sufficiency
Why was Schacht removed from his job in 1937?
He spoke against Hitler's plans to rearm quickly arguing that the economy was not strong enough (ended up in concentration camp)
who ran the economy from 1936
Herman Goring
what was Germany still dependent on foreign imports for despite the Four Year Plan?
raw materials and oil - 33% imported in 39
what's the Guns Not Butter policy
arms production prioritised over consumer goods and agriculture, groceries became more expensive and there were food shortages
Autobahns
motorways
what's the RAD
national labour service - men 18-25 had to serve 6 months from July 1935
who were amongst the invisible unemployed
jews, women, labour service men, opponents of government
what's the Strength Through Joy scheme
provided workers with activities to do in spare time (work very hard in exchange for cheap holidays or a car)
how did the New Plan help production rates
increase by 50% 1933-35
1933-9 production of coal + oil, iron, steel
coal doubled, oil iron steel trebled
unemployment 33-39
6mill-300k
industrial production 1939
above figures prior Wall Street crash
how in debt was Germany in 39
40 bill marks, had spent more than was earning
what did Beauty of Labour department do
improve working conditions and facilities, eg canteens and sports facilities
how did abolition of trade unions help managers
salaries increased by nearly 70% 34-8
how did the nazis help small businesses
passed laws to limit growth of department stores
what was the effect of scraping national pay rates
people earned as much as they worked so older people suffered
33-9 working hours increased from 42.9 per week to
47
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...

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