Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
Last updated| Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne | |
|---|---|
  Quarterly: 1st and 4th, Argent a Lion rampant Azure armed and langued Gules within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second (for Lyon); 3rd and 4th, Ermine three Bows strings palewise proper (for Bowes); as a Royal Augmentation, granted to the holder of the Earldom only, an Inescutcheon en surtout Azure thereon a Rose Argent barbed Vert seeded Or ensigned with an Imperial Crown proper within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second, the said Inescutcheon ensigned with an Earl's Coronet proper. | |
| Creation date | 1606 (Scottish title) 1937 (British title) |
| Peerage | Peerage of Scotland (1606) Peerage of the United Kingdom (1937) |
| First holder | Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne |
| Present holder | Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne |
| Heir presumptive | The Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon |
| Subsidiary titles | Viscount Lyon Lord Lyon and Glamis Lord Glamis Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie Baron Bowes |
| Seat(s) | Glamis Castle |
| Former seat(s) | Gibside Streatlam Castle St Paul's Walden Bury |
| Motto | In Te Domine Speravi ("In Thee, O Lord, have I put my trust") |
Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne is a title in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The earl is also Chief of Clan Lyon.
Contents
History
The established history of Clan Lyon states that the family is of French origin, with the original name de Leonne, but James Balfour Paul, in his Scots Peerage , states that the family is likely of Celtic origin. The family's earliest recorded possessions, the thanages of Glamis, Glamis, Tannadyce and Belhelvies, were in a Celtic stronghold, while government positions held by family chiefs would have required fluency in Gaelic. [1]
The first recorded family member, John Lyon, Lord of Glamis, was a courtier and diplomat, who was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal in 1371 on the accession of Robert II. He acquired significant lands, and on 18 March 1372, Robert II granted him "the free barony of Glamuyss in the sheriffdom of Forfar." Glamis has remained the seat of the family ever since. [1] His descendant Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis was created the first Lord Glamis in the Peerage of Scotland in 1445.
In 1606, the earldom was first created as Earl of Kinghorne in the Peerage of Scotland for Patrick Lyon, the ninth Lord Glamis, who was also created Lord Lyon and Glamis at the same time. In 1677, the designation of the earldom was changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne" for Patrick Lyon, the third Earl. He was also granted the subsidiary titles of Viscount Lyon and Lord of Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie. The 10th Earl sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer from 1796 to 1806, and again from 1807 to 1812. In 1815, he was created Baron Bowes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, but upon his death five years later without legitimate issue, the peerage became extinct. The Scottish peerages were inherited by his younger brother, the 11th Earl.
The 11th Earl was succeeded by his grandson, the 12th Earl, who also sat in the House of Lords as a representative peer from 1852 to 1865. He married but left no children, and the peerages were inherited by his brother, the 13th Earl, who sat in the Lords as a representative peer from 1870 until 1892. In 1887, he was created Baron Bowes of Streatlam Castle, in the County of Durham, and of Lunedale, in the County of York, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This gave him and his successors an automatic seat in the House of Lords, which the earldom did not entitle them to until the Peerage Act 1963, which extended that right to all holders of Scottish peerages. The 13th Earl was succeeded by his son, the 14th Earl, who in 1937 was created Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, leading to his becoming the 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.
The eldest son of the earl uses Lord Glamis as a courtesy title. Normally, the highest subsidiary title (in this case Viscount Lyon) would be used, but Lord Glamis is used instead to prevent confusion with the officer of arms, Lord Lyon King of Arms. [2] Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (1900–2002) was the daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and the sister of the 15th Earl.
The family seat is Glamis Castle, in Angus, Scotland. Other family seats were Gibside, near Burnopfield, County Durham and Streatlam Castle, near Barnard Castle in County Durham. The traditional burial place of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne is in an aisle of Glamis parish church. [3]
Thanes of Glamis (1372)
- John Lyon, 1st Thane of Glamis (died 1382)
Masters of Glamis
- John Lyon, 1st Master of Glamis (died 1435)
Lord Glamis (1445)
- Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis (died 1459)
- Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord Glamis (died 1486)
- John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis (died 1497)
- John Lyon, 4th Lord Glamis (died 1500)
- George Lyon, 5th Lord Glamis (died 1505)
- John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis (c. 1491–1528)
- John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis (c. 1521–1558) (forfeit in 1537 but restored in 1543)
- John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis (c. 1544–1578): see also Thomas Lyon (of Auldbar), Master of Glamis.
- Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis (c. 1575–1615) (created Earl of Kinghorne in 1606)
Earls of Kinghorne (1606)
- Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne (c. 1575–1615)
- John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne (1596–1646)
- Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Kinghorne (1643–1695) (designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne")
Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1677)
- Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1643–1695)
- John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1663–1712)
- Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis (1692–1709)
- Philip Lyon, Lord Glamis (1693–1712)
- John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1696–1715)
- Charles Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (c. 1699–1728) – brother of the 5th Earl
- James Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (c. 1702–1735) – brother of the 5th and 6th Earls
- Thomas Lyon, 8th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1704–1753) – brother of the 5th, 6th and 7th Earls
- John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1737–1776)
- John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1769–1820; created Baron Bowes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1815)
- Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1773–1846) – brother of the 10th Earl
- Thomas George Lyon-Bowes, Lord Glamis (1801–1834)
- Thomas Lyon-Bowes, Master of Glamis (1821–1821)
- Thomas George Lyon-Bowes, Lord Glamis (1801–1834)
- Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 12th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1822–1865) – grandson of the 11th Earl
- Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1824–1904) – brother of the 12th Earl, created Baron Bowes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1887
- Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1855–1944) – maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II. (created Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937)
- Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1884–1949)
- John Patrick Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910–1941)
- Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1918–1972)
- Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1928–1987) – first cousin of the 16th Earl, grandson of the 14th Earl
- Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1957–2016) [4]
- Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1986)
The heir presumptive is the present’s holder's younger brother Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon (b. 1988)
The heir presumptive’s heir apparent is his son, Albemarle John Bowes-Lyon (b. 2023)
Line of succession
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Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1855-1944)- Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1884-1949)
- Hon. John Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910-1941)
- Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1918-1972)
- Hon. Michael Bowes-Lyon (1893-1953)
- Michael Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1928-1987)
- Michael Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1957-2016)
- Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1986)
- (1) Hon. John Bowes-Lyon (b. 1988)
- (2) Albemarle Bowes-Lyon (b. 2023)
- (3) Hon. George Bowes-Lyon (b. 1991)
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-
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- Hon. Sir David Bowes-Lyon (1902-1961)
- (4) Sir Simon Bowes-Lyon (b. 1932)
- (5) Fergus Bowes-Lyon (b. 1970)
- (6) David Bowes-Lyon (b. 1973)
- (7) William Bowes-Lyon
- (8) Andrew Bowes-Lyon (b. 1979)
- (4) Sir Simon Bowes-Lyon (b. 1932)
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Arms
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See also
- Bowes-Lyon family
- Clan Lyon
- records of the County Durham estates are held by Durham County Record Office
Related Research Articles
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The Bowes-Lyon family descends from George Bowes of Gibside and Streatlam Castle (1701–1760), a County Durham landowner and politician, through John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, chief of the Clan Lyon. Following the marriage in 1767 of the 9th Earl to rich heiress Mary Eleanor Bowes, the family name was changed to Bowes by Act of Parliament. The 10th Earl changed the name to Lyon-Bowes and the 13th Earl, Claude, changed the order to Bowes-Lyon.
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Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne was a Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne and his wife Lady Elizabeth Maule, daughter of Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure and Frances Stanhope. Patrick was the grandson of Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne and his wife Anne Murray.
Baron Bowes is a title that has been created three times, once in the Peerage of Ireland and twice in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation came in the Peerage of Ireland on 15 August 1758 when John Bowes, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was made Baron Bowes, of Clonlyon. The title became extinct on his death in 1767. The second creation came in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 7 August 1815 when John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, was made Baron Bowes, of Streatlam Castle in the County of Durham and of Lunedale in the County of York. The barony became extinct on his death in 1820 while the earldom was passed on to his younger brother, the eleventh Earl. The barony was revived on 1 July 1887 when the latter's grandson, Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, was made Baron Bowes, of Streatlam Castle in the County of Durham and of Lunedale in the County of York. See Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne for further history of the title.
Captain The Hon. Fergus Bowes-Lyon was a British officer and older brother of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, who later became the queen consort of King George VI. Fergus Bowes-Lyon was killed during World War I. He was a maternal uncle of Elizabeth II.
Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, styled The Honourable Claude Bowes-Lyon from 1847 to 1865, was a British peer. He was the 13th holder of the Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne, the paternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, a great-grandfather of Elizabeth II, and great-great-grandfather of Charles III.
Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the third son of John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and Mary Bowes, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. His mother was the author of the verse drama, "The Siege of Jerusalem" (1769). He was the great-great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
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Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, was a British nobleman and peer. He was a nephew of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret.
John or Jack Lyon may refer to:
John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the son of Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He married Elizabeth Stanhope on 21 September 1691 and was succeeded as Earl by his son John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.
Streatlam Castle was a Baroque stately home located near the town of Barnard Castle in County Durham, England, that was demolished in 1959. Owned by the Bowes-Lyon family, Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne, the house was one of the family's three principal seats, alongside Glamis Castle in Forfarshire, Scotland, and Gibside, near Gateshead. Streatlam incorporated some 1,190 acres (4.8 km2) of land, along with an estate consisting of some twenty farms. The last occupant was Lord Glamis, who later became the 15th Earl, although the estate was owned by his father, the 14th Earl, at the time.
Elizabeth Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, was an English noblewoman and the wife of Scottish peer John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Born to Lady Elizabeth Butler and Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield, her paternity was in doubt. It is possible that her actual father was James, Duke of York, who would in 1685 ascend the throne as King James II of England.
Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne was a Scottish landowner.
Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, is a Scottish peer and landowner, the owner of estates based at Glamis Castle. He is also 17th Viscount Lyon, 19th Lord Lyon and Glamis, 26th Lord Glamis, 17th Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie, and 7th Baron Bowes, and from birth until 2016 was known as Lord Glamis.
References
- 1 2 Balfour Paul, Sir James (1904). The Scots Peerage. Vol. XIII. Edinburgh: D. Douglas. pp. 262–268.
- ↑ "Will the real Lord Lyon please stand up!" (PDF). The Armorial Register Newsletter. 1 (3). The Armorial Register Ltd: 1. November 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
- ↑ Neale, John Preston; Moule, Thomas (1822). Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Sherwood, Jones and Company. p. 279. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ↑ "18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon". The Courier (Dundee) . 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
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