When Thomas of Lancaster 2nd Earl of Lancaster was born in 1277, in Grosmont, Monmouthshire, Wales, his father, Edmund 1st Earl of Lancaster, was 32 and his mother, Blanche d'Artois Reine de Navarre, was 29. He married Alice de Lacy before 28 October 1294, in Yorkshire, England. He died on 22 March 1322, in Pontefract, Yorkshire, England, at the age of 45, and was buried in Pontefract, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom.
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After years of anti-Semitic behavior, King Edward I expelled Jews from England in 1290.
A famine caused by cold winters and wet summers across Europe caused millions to die due to starvation. Desperation from hunger caused high levels of crime, stampedes in bread lines in London, infanticide, and even cannibalism throughout Europe.
German: possibly a metonymic occupational name for a fisherman, from orfe, a species of freshwater fish. Alternatively, a habitational name from Urff near Kassel, formerly Orpha.
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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