Lochnagar

Coordinates: 56°57′17″N 3°14′25″W / 56.9547321°N 3.2402559°W / 56.9547321; -3.2402559
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the poem/folksong, see Lachin y Gair. For the crater in France, see Lochnagar mine. For the whisky distillery, see Royal Lochnagar distillery. For the Norwegian black metal band, see Borknagar.

Lochnagar
Beinn Chìochan
Lochnagar summit and lake from Meikle Pap
Highest point
Elevation1,155 m (3,789 ft)[1]
Prominence671 m (2,201 ft)
Parent peakBen Avon
Isolation19.21 km (11 mi 1,648 yd) [2]
ListingMunro, Marilyn
Coordinates56°57′17″N 3°14′25″W / 56.9547321°N 3.2402559°W / 56.9547321; -3.2402559
Naming
Native nameBeinn Chìochan (Scottish Gaelic)
English translationbreast-shaped mountain
PronunciationEnglish: /ˌlɒxnəˈɡɑːr/ ⓘ LOKH-nə-GAR
Scottish Gaelic: [peɲ ˈçiəxən]
Geography
Parent rangeGrampian Mountains
OS gridNO244861
Topo mapOS Landranger 44

Lochnagar or Beinn Chìochan is a mountain in the Mounth, in the Grampians of Scotland. It is about five miles (eight kilometres) south of the River Dee near Balmoral. It is a popular hill with hillwalkers, and is a noted venue for summer and winter climbing.

Names[edit]

The English name refers to a mountain lake in the northeast corrie, Lochan na Gaire, the 'little loch of the noisy sound'. Beinn Chìochan or Beinn nan Cìochan, 'mountain of breasts' or 'breast-shaped mountain', is probably the original Gaelic name for the mountain.[3][4][5]

The summit itself is Cac Càrn Beag,[6] meaning 'small cairn of faeces' in Gaelic, or less euphemistically, 'little pile of shit'.[6] Peter Drummond, former chairman of the Architectural Heritage Society of Scotland, has also suggested that cac is a corruption of cadha ('slope'), which would lend a translation of 'little cairn of the slope'.[6]

Geography[edit]

Scottish tourists on the summit in 1933

Lochnagar is located on the Royal Estate of Balmoral.[7] Its principal feature is a north-facing corrie, around which most of the subsidiary tops, as well as the main peak, sit. The corrie is the location of many classic summer and winter climbing routes.[8] The mountain is a Munro and is popular with hillwalkers at all times of the year, with the most common ascent route being from Glen Muick.[9] Care should be taken on the summit in poor visibility: the plateau has few obvious features and has steep cliffs on its northern edge.

Climate[edit]

Lochnagar's summit experiences an Alpine Tundra Climate, with freezing, snowy winters and cool summers. The nearest UK Met Office weather station is at Braemar 6+1⁄2 miles (10 kilometres) northwest. The yearly temperature range is usually between −6.6 and 9.4 °C (20.1 and 48.9 °F). January has the highest average frosts, despite February nights being colder; January has an average of 26.9 frost days, compared with 24.3 in February. There is the risk of a frost at any time of the year, even in July and August, when each month averages 1 air frost every 10 years.[10][11]

Nature and conservation[edit]

Lochanagar lies within the Cairngorms National Park, and also gives its name to Deeside and Lochnagar National Scenic Area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland.[12] The designated national scenic area is 40,000 hectares (99,000 acres) in size, and covers the mountains surrounding Lochnagar as far south as the head of Glen Doll, as well Deeside to the north.[13]

The mountain forms part of two designated Special Protection Areas,[14] due to its importance for breeding dotterel (Charadrius morinellus)[15] and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos).[16]

Cultural references[edit]

Due to its location on the Balmoral estate the mountain has many royal links, and Queen Victoria climbed to the summit in 1848.[8] In the film Mrs. Brown, John Brown and Benjamin Disraeli hike up Lochnagar to discuss the need for the Queen to return to active involvement with government. It is also the setting for a children's story, The Old Man of Lochnagar, originally told by Prince Charles. In 2023, a recessional tune entitled The Call of Lochnagar was composed for the service at which Charles III was presented the Honours of Scotland.[17][18]

The poet Lord Byron spent time in the area in his youth,[19] and wrote the poem, Lachin y Gair (also known as Dark Lochnagar), which also forms the basis of a song which would eventually be composed by Beethoven.

England! thy beauties are tame and domestic,

⁠To one who has rov'd on the mountains afar:
Oh! for the crags that are wild and majestic,

⁠The steep, frowning glories of dark Loch na Garr

— Byron[8]

A malt-whisky distillery located near the Balmoral estate on the south side of the River Dee produces the Royal Lochnagar Single Malt whisky.

The hill gives its name to one of the houses at Aboyne Academy.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Cac Carn Beag (Lochnagar)". munromagic.com. Munro Magic. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  2. ^ "Locnagar isolation".
  3. ^ "Lochnagar". Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba: Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland.
  4. ^ "Lochnagar". An Stòr-dàta Briathrachais Gàidhlig. University of the Highlands and Islands. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
  5. ^ Mitchell, Ian (2004). Scotland's Mountains Before the Mountaineers. Luath Press. p. 63. ISBN 0946487391.
  6. ^ a b c Townsend, Chris (30 March 2011). Scotland. Cicerone Press Limited. p. 265. ISBN 9781849653534. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  7. ^ "Property Page: Balmoral (Aberdeen part) and Birkhall". Who Owns Scotland. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  8. ^ a b c Wilson, Ken; Gilbert, Richard (1982). The Big Walks. Diadem Books. p. 78. ISBN 0-906371-60-0.
  9. ^ Donald Bennett, ed. (1985). The Munros, SMC Hillwalkers' Guide. Scottish Mountaineering Trust. p. 122. ISBN 0-907521-13-4.
  10. ^ "Lochnagar climate information". UK Government Met Office. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Does Elevation Affect Temperature?". On The Snow. 11 December 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  12. ^ "National Scenic Areas". NatureScot. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  13. ^ "Deeside and Lochnagar NSA". NatureScot. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  14. ^ "Lochnagar SPA". NatureScot. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  15. ^ "Cairngomes Massif SPA". NatureScot. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  16. ^ "The Call of Lochnagar (2023)". wisemusicclassical.com. Wise Music Classical. 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  17. ^ "The Honours of Scotland". sco.org.uk. Scottish Chamber Orchestra. 1 July 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  18. ^ Black's Guide to Scotland, 33rd Edition (1903). p. 232.
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