Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna: biography, photos and interesting facts
Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna (accent in this surnamefalls on the second syllable) was the first wife of a Russian, Soviet playwright and writer Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. Lovers of literature are familiar with her memories of the life of her ex-husband.
After the divorce from Mikhail Afanasyevich, the fate of herformed quite uneasy. However, as evidenced by the narrations recorded by the researchers of the writer's work, she had no negative feelings for Bulgakov. Most likely, she continued to love him, although she claimed that she was happy in her third marriage with David Kiselgoff.
A family
Lappa Tatiana Nikolayevna was born in 1892, 23November by a new style or December 5 by the old. Her birthplace is Ryazan. Tatyana's father - Lapp Nikolai Nikolayevich - a pillar nobleman. His ancestors were natives of Lithuania. In Ryazan, Nikolai Nikolayevich was the manager of the treasury chamber. Despite the fact that Lappa was an official of high rank, he was fond of theater and had an actor's talent. Nikolai Nikolayevich died in 1918 in Moscow.
One of Tatyana's ancestors was Matvey DemjanovichLappa is the son of a landowner, a member of the Southern Society, a lieutenant of the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment. At one time he joined the Decembrists, for which he was demoted to rank and file on 10.07.1826, but he is not deprived of nobility at the same time. Perhaps, from her ancestor, Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa inherited the desire for independence and freedom, which did not leave her all her life.
The mother of the girl - Pakhotinskaya Eugenia Viktorovna - was from the Polish gentry. The family brought up six children. Tatyana had four brothers and a sister.
The family of the state counselor was secured andprosperous. And, as evidenced by the memories of Tatyana Nikolaevna, as a child, she was not denied anything. Then she did not think about the future and received gifts from her parents. Her childhood was carefree, like her future husband Mikhail Bulgakov.
Moving in
In 1904 Tatyana's family moved to live in Saratov. The reason for this was the new appointment of the father. In Saratov, Nikolai Nikolayevich ran a state chamber and served under the governor of the city - PA. Stolypin.
Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa also left her memories about these years (see the photo below).
About Saratov life she has the mostlight feelings. In her memoirs, Tatyana Nikolayevna mentions a spacious state apartment, where there was a living room and a bedroom, a father's study and a dining room, as well as separate rooms for boys and girls. Life of the family flowed smoothly and calmly. My father worked. Mother was engaged in children. In the summer the family went to the dacha, which she rented.
In Saratov Tatiana had a girlfriend who livednearby (in the next house). Her father kept the Ochkin Theater and had his own box in it. Tatiana often took with her to the performances, which contributed to her active involvement in art, including the opera. It is known that Bulgakov was also very fond of the opera. Most likely, this was one of the motives that contributed to the rapprochement of young people.
Acquaintance with Bulgakov
In the summer of 1908, at the invitation of her aunt, a frail fifteen-year-old gymnast Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna arrived in Kiev. Biography of the girl from this period has changed dramatically.
First love
In her memoirs Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevnatalked a lot about Kiev. The city made a great impression on the fifteen-year-old schoolgirl. Later, she admitted that everything she saw here exceeded her expectations. She could hardly tear her gaze from the golden domes of churches sinking in the dense green of hills, shady parks and gardens, theaters, strict state buildings and ancient temples. Of course, in many respects all the excitement from what he saw was due to the fact that the girl met her first love. After all, walking through Kiev with sixteen Bulgakov gradually turned into this wonderful feeling.
Memoirs of contemporaries
Together with Bulgakov in the 1st Alexandrovskayathe future writer Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky studied. In his memoirs, he wrote that Mikhail was older than him and was distinguished by ruthless language, liveliness and impetuosity. In every word of his, strength and certainty were felt. In addition, Bulgakov's vocabulary was full of mystifications and fictions. The future writer joked easily and for every reason.
Young provincial schoolgirl Lappa TatianaNikolayevna could hardly resist this young man. Not the least role played in this and Kiev - one of the largest cultural centers of Russia. Young people spent their time not only in admiring the city's beauties. They talked about theater, music and literature. They laughed at the satyrs of Saltykov-Shchedrin and often recounted the humours of Antoshi Chekhonte. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries, Bulgakov knew by heart the selected stories and letters of Chekhov. As for Saltykov, he was practically "his" for the Lapp family. The fact is that once Tatyana's grandfather Nikolai Ivanovich served in Ryazan under the leadership of Mikhail Evgrafovich, who wrote literary works under the pseudonym Shchedrin.
Confrontation of parents
Soon the idyll was over. The vacation came to an end, and Tatyana went home to Saratov. But lovers maintained relationships with the help of correspondence, causing discontent of their families.
The parents of young people were against their connection. They considered these relations unequal. The fact is that Bulgakov's father was a professor at the Kiev Theological Academy. And this title he received a few days before his death. Despite his rank of state councilor, Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov was a philistine. And to become related with his family to the nobility of the nobility was odd.
Against the marriage of the son with Tatyana was the mother of Bulgakov. She believed that the girl's parents would look down upon the son-in-law from the lower class on foot.
The initiative to stop relations between young people was followed by Tatyana's parents. They wanted to send her daughter to study in Paris and were sure that she had an early relationship.
Later, Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna recalled her father’s reaction. He silently folded this message and sent it to his sister, Sophia Nikolayevna, so that she would give Bulgakov to his mother.
That year, Mikhail finished his studies at the gymnasium and decided to come to Saratov for 25 rubles donated by his uncle. However, these plans did not come true. Parents did not let him go.
New meeting
All seemingly insurmountable obstaclesjust kindled love. Three years after the first meeting with Tasey (so affectionately Bulgakov called Tatyana), Mikhail himself came to Saratov on Christmas holidays. He stayed there from December 1911 to mid-January 1912. At that time Bulgakov studied at the Medical Faculty of the Kiev Imperial University, where he entered in 1909. The trip affected his studies in the most negative way. Michael abandoned classes and did not pass the exams. For this he was not transferred to the next course.
Creating a family
According to the recollections of Nadi’s sister, Bulgakov traveled toSaratov at least seven times. And in 1913, parents were forced to put up with the feelings of their children and gave a blessing to their marriage. In addition, Tatyana had already managed to undergo medical intervention for abortion by that time.
War
A happy marriage in peaceful Russia lasted by the coupleBulgakovs little over a year. In 1914, life was changed by the First World War. Bad news caught Tatyana and Mikhail in Saratov, where they came to visit their parents. Soon the first wounded began to arrive in the city. They were placed in the hospital, arranged for the money of officials. Of course, there were not enough nurses and doctors in this institution, and Bulgakov was asked to work there for some time. So Michael went through his first medical practice. In the Saratov Infirmary, Bulgakov worked before the start of classes at the university.
Upon graduation, Michael voluntarily settled inmilitary hospital in Kiev. However, in the summer of 1916, Bulgakov was transferred to Kamenets-Podolsky, located near the front. Tatiana followed him. And there she was always next to her husband, settling down to work as a sister of mercy.
New appointment
In July 1916 Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna went together with Bulgakov to the Smolensk province. This was due to the new appointment of her husband, who was seconded to the reserve of the Moscow District Military Health Administration. There, in the village of Nikolsky of the Sychevsky district, Mikhail began to serve as a local doctor. In the same period, the future writer became addicted to morphine. Most likely, Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa made the second abortion because of this. As a result of this intervention, her children never appeared.
In the autumn of 1917 the Bulgakovs moved to Vyazma. In this city, Mikhail became the head of the surgical and infectious department of a local hospital. Tatiana also wanted to be here with her husband, but the medical staff opposed this.
Creative activity
In February 1918, after the October 1917 coup, the Bulgakovs moved from Vyazma to Kiev. But they did not have to live long in this city. Mikhail, along with the white army, fled from the Bolsheviks to the Caucasus. Tatyana was able to take him out when he fell ill with typhus, he was cured and sent to Moscow. There they found the hungry war years. In order to survive, Bulgakov has to work a lot, and at night he began to write. From the cold, Michael's hands were flaky. The faithful wife warmed him with a kerosene lamp and brought it to the table in a basin. Bulgakov dipped his hands, warmed them and continued to write his masterpieces.
Divorce
All efforts were not in vain. A few years later, the writer Bulgakov began to come into vogue. He had money and fame. At the same time, the couple’s family life began to crack. Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna, the first wife of the writer, was not very interested in the literary success of her husband. In addition, it was too invisible. At this time, Bulgakov began to flirt with other women.
After Michael brought love to the houseBelozersk and said that they will live in three, Tatiana gathered her things and left. In April 1924, the divorce was formalized. So ended their family life.
Tatiana Nikolaevna Lappa, Bulgakov's first wife,was with him in the most difficult and difficult years of his life. She saved him from morphinism and typhus, was next to Michael in difficult moments and always supported him. After the divorce, Tatiana was left alone, out of work and in a cold apartment.
Years without Bulgakov
How did the fate of the woman? Tatyana Nikolayevna Lappa, whose memories are now being studied by literary critics, after a divorce from a writer, studied seamstress, tried to become a typist, and worked as a construction worker. For a while she found a place in the clinic. There she worked at the reception.
In 1933 Tatyana met brother of Bulgakov's friend Alexander Pavlovich Kreshkov. Soon she married for the second time and moved with the new spouse to the Irkutsk region. At the local hospital, Kreshkov was a pediatrician. This marriage was not registered.
In 1945After the end of the war, Kreshkov did not come from the front alone. He came with another woman. After that, Tatyana Nikolaevna moved to Kharkov. Later she lived in Moscow for a year, where she rented a room and worked as a librarian.
Her third husband was a former friend of Bulgakov -lawyer David Alexandrovich Kiselgof. In 1947, she moved with him to live in Tuapse. She also died on April 10, 1982. The name Lappa-Kiselgof is on the monument.
