JAMA Network Open

Mission Statement: The mission of JAMA Network Open is to improve health, health care, and health equity worldwide through open access dissemination of high-quality, innovative, general medical research and commentary by and for a broad range of clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and public health and health care leaders.

• Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

• Stephan D. Fihn, MD, MPH, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

• Jesse A. Berlin, ScD, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey

• Sebastien J. P. A. Haneuse, PhD, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

• Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH, Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota

• Angel N. Desai, MD, MPH, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California

• Utibe R. Essien, MD, MPH, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

• Ishani Ganguli, MD, MPH, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

• Faith M. Gunning, PhD, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York

• Elizabeth A. Jacobs, MD, MAPP, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine

• Howard S. Kim, MD, MS, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

• Arden M. Morris, MD, MPH, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

• Roisin E. O'Cearbhaill, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York

• Olugbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MS, MPH, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

• Eli N. Perencevich, MD, MS, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa

• Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

• Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

• Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MSc, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

• Amy Sanghavi Shah, MD, MS, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

• Lawrence N. Shulman, MD, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• Monica Vela, MD, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

• Nathan Seth Trueger, MD, MPH, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

• Kristin Kan, MD, MPH, MSc, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

• Elizabeth Powell, MD, MPH, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

• Mary Regina Royan, MD, MPH, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL

• Richard Amdur, PhD, Veronica Berrocal, PhD, Adam Biener, PhD, Maria Brooks, PhD, Ashley Buchanan, DrPH, MS, Jeanine Marie Buchanich, MEd, MPH, PhD, Guy Cafri, PhD, MStat, Andrew G. Chapple, PhD, Ninad Chaudhary, MBBS, Andrew Copas, PhD, David J. Couper, PhD, Rishi J Desai, PhD, Daniela Dunkler, PhD, Dorothy D. Dunlop, PhD, Sue Duval, PhD, Eleni Elia, PhD, Ani Eloyan, PhD, Zhide Fang, PhD, Heidi Fischer, PhD, Emanuele Giorgi, PhD, Jeff Goldsmith, PhD, Ben Goldstein, PhD, Melody Goodman, PhD, MS, Rolf H.H. Groenwold, MD, PhD, Alden Gross, PhD, Bradley G. Hammill, DrPH, Karla Hemming, PhD, Moonseong Heo, PhD, Elizabeth Hibler, PhD, MP, Graeme Hickey, PhD, David C. Hoaglin, PhD, Jason Michael Hockenberry, PhD, Janet T. Holbrook, PhD, MPH, Maria-Graciela Hollm-Delgado, MSC, PhD, Michal Horný, PhD, MSc, Jesse Y Hsu, PhD, Liangyuan Hu, PhD, Ella Huszti, PhD, Jeffrey L. Jackson, MD, Shu Jiang, PhD, Kelley M. Kidwell, PhD, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, PhD, Julie C. Lauffenburger, PharmD, PhD, Catherine Lee, PhD, Elizabeth Lee, PhD, Youjin Lee, PhD, Ashley Leech, PhD, MS, Lifeng Lin, PhD, Kristin A Linn, PhD, Alison Su-Hsun Liu, MD, MPH, PhD, Tao Liu, PhD, Xiaoqin Liu, PhD, Matthew Shane Loop, PhD, Charles Maynard, PhD, Donna McClish, PhD, Glen McGee, PhD, Jessina C. McGregor, PhD, David Merola, PharmD, PhD, Aya A. Mitani, PhD, MPH, Didier Morel, PhD, Ashley Naimi, PhD, Paul Nietert, PhD, Jing Ning, PhD, John H Page, MD, ScD, An Pan, PhD, Ankur Pandya, PhD, Rachel E. Patzer, PhD, MPH, Sarah Peskoe, PhD, Pedro Puig, PhD, Rema Ramakrishnan, PhD, Lauren R. Samuels, PhD, Andrea L. Schaffer, MSc, MBiostat, PhD, Eric C. Seaberg, PhD, MPH, Michelle Shardell, PhD, Megan Shepherd-Banigan, PhD, Russell Shinohara, PhD, Ayumi Shintani, MPH, PhD, Abigail B. Shoben, PhD, Valerie Smith, MS, Li Su, PhD, Steven Sun, PhD, Brett D. Thombs, PhD, Sarah Urbut, MD, PhD, Benjamin F. Voight, PhD, Victor Volovici MD, PhD, Jian Wang, PhD, Xiaofeng Wang, PhD, Colin P. West, MD, PhD, Gretchen E White, PhD, Neil Woodward, PhD, Davene R. Wright, PhD, Wei Yang, PhD, Yongfu Yu, PhD, Yuting Zhang, PhD, Chuan Zhou, PhD, Jinyi Zhu, PhD, M. Bridget Zimmerman, PhD

• Eric Achtyes, MD, MS, Margaret Adam, MD, Harold P. Adams, MD, David A. Adler, MD, Ilir Agalliu, MD, ScD, Thierry Alcindor, MD, MSc, Shabbir MH Alibhai, MD, MSc, Joseph Clemente Alvarnas, MD, Craig S. Anderson, MD, PhD, Nils D. Arvold, MD, Justin C. Baker, PhD, Rahul Banerjee, MD, Ran Barzilay, MD, PhD, Christopher L. Bennett, MD, MA, Kyle Bernstein, PhD, Mira Boyanova, MD, Jeffrey A. Bridge, PhD, Joshua EJ Buckman, DClinPsy, Kenneth Carson, MD, PhD, Chang Chen, MD, Hanbo Chen, MD, MPH, Haiquan Chen, MD, PhD, Feixiong Cheng, PhD, Alhaji Cherif, DPhil, Carlo Contreras, MD, Matthew R. Cooperberg, MD, MPH, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, MD, DSc, MBA, Lisa M. DeAngelis, MD, Cecile M. Denis, PhD, Andrew Shaun Deonarine, MD, MSc, MHSc, PhD, Jordan E DeVylder, PhD, Chloe Dimeglio, PhD, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, MD, Ann Marie Egloff, PhD, MPH, A. Rani Elwy, PhD, Arthur M. Feldman, MD, PhD, Hermes Florez, MD, PhD, MPH, Julian Ford, PhD, Zachary AK Frosch, MD, MSHP, Guodong Fu, PhD, Nassir Ghaemi, MD, MPH, Vasily Giannakeas, MPH, Axel Grothey, MD, Borja Herrero de la Parte, MSc, PhD, Daphne J. Holt, MD, PhD, David Ilson, MD, PhD, Michael G. Ison, MD, MS, Amar U. Kishan, MD, Michael Klompas, MD, Hemant Kulkarni, MBBS, MD, Shih-Cheng Liao, MD, PhD, Wei Liu, PhD, You Lu, MD, Olivia Rose Mancing, LMSW, MPH, Ting Martin Ma, MD, PhD, Elie Massaad, MD, MMSc, Juliana Mayumi Ushirohira, MD, MSc, Emily G. McDonald, MD, MSc, Cristian Meghea, PhD, Lewis S. Nelson, MD, Raquel Nogueira Avelar e Silva, PhD, Timothée Olivier, MD, Lennart Reifels, PhD, Christel Renoux, MD, PhD, Merlin Lee Robb, MD, Mya Lee Roberson, PhD, Gregory Sampang Calip, PharmD, MPH, PhD, Andrew J. Saxon, MD, Kartik Sehgal, MD, Joseph Simonetti, MD, MPH, Eyuel Terefe, MD, Alain R. Thierry, PhD, Dong Tian, MD, PhD, Farhaan S. Vahidy, PhD, MBBS, MPH, Luca F. Valle, MD, Daniel Vargas Pivato de Almeida, MD, Liang Wang, MD, Wei Wang, MD, Gretchen E. White, PhD, Michael Xiang, MD, PhD, Kate Zinszer, PhD, Arsene Zongo, PhD

• Daniel Lowden, Chicago, Illinois

• JAMA Network Open

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• L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

• Samuel Dagogo-Jack, MD, DSc, MBA, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee

• Anne Johnson, MD, University College London, London, England

• Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

• Mengfeng Li, MD, PhD, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

• Ellen J. MacKenzie, PhD, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

• Frits R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

• Meredith B. Rosenthal, PhD, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

• Donna L. Washington, MD, MPH, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

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• Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, MD, PhD, MAS

• Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD

• Executive Managing Editor Annette Flanagin

• Electronic Editor and CME Editor Michael Berkwits, MD

• Managing Editor Heather Green

• Assistant Deputy Managing Editor Jen Phillis

• Manuscript Editors Rebecca Palmer, Rebecca Luttrell (senior manuscript editors); Michael Dhar, Gina Gemmel, Ryan Marks, Greg McConnell, Leslie Parrish (manuscript editors)

• Editorial Assistants Karina Barajas, Ashley Lao, Tracy Levick, Bri Rooke, Asher Sizemore

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• Visual Abstract Editors Sidra Bonner, MD, MPH, Heather E. Hsu, MD, MPH, Andrew M. Ibrahim, MD, MSc

• Editorial Operations and Systems Erin Kato, Jacob Kendall-Taylor, Monica Mungle (directors); Lenette Gardner-Gullens (manager); Anna Bukowski, Lee Calibeo, Jordan Faber, Andrew Given, Tosca Hall, Emma Hyche, Michaela Mark, Sylvia Orellana, Kenneth Otani, Caroline Sietmann, Angelia Waltower

• Digital Media Production Elena Guobyte, Daniel Morrow, Daniel Musisi, Shelly Steffens (producers)

• Communications and Engagement Jennifer Zeis (director); Jim Michalski (senior publication information officer); Alexandra Marusarz (communications specialist); Eman Hassaballa Aly (social media manager); Reuben Rios (senior social media specialist)

• Electronic Media Systems and Services Mary Lynn Ferkaluk (manager); Dawn Cortez (coordinator)

• Budgets and Administration Marla A. Jefferson (director); Cheryl Sykes (manager); Deanna Willis (executive assistant); Yolanda Davis (copyright/library services)

• Editorial Counsel Joseph P. Thornton, JD

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• Staff Monica Smith

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• Staff Mirna Monal

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• Content Production Systems Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre

• Digital Production Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia E. Panek, Marla Seidell, La’son Diggs Sledge, Julian Wiley

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• Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer James L. Madara, MD

JAMA Network is a consortium of peer-reviewed medical publications that includes JAMA® and the JAMA Network journals. JAMA Network Open does not hold itself responsible for statements made by any contributor. All articles published, including opinion articles, represent the views of the authors and do not reflect the policy of the Journal, the American Medical Association, or the institution with which the author is affiliated, unless otherwise indicated.

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