Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria

Rudolf IV (1 November 1339 – 27 July 1365), also called Rudolf the Founder (German: der Stifter), was a scion of the House of Habsburg who ruled as duke of Austria (self-proclaimed archduke), Styria and Carinthia from 1358, as well as count of Tyrol from 1363 and as the first duke of Carniola from 1364 until his death. After the Habsburgs received nothing from the decree of the Golden Bull in 1356, he gave order to draw up the "Privilegium Maius", a fake document to empower the Austrian rulers.

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Rudolf IV
The first half-frontal portrait of the Occident. It had been on display above Rudolf's grave in the Stephansdom of Vienna for several decades after his death, but can now be seen in the Museum of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna. Apart from the (invented) archducal crown, the foreshortening of which the artist did not completely master, the portrait is completely realistic. Even the duke's incipient facial palsy is shown.
Duke of Austria
Reign	1358–1365
Predecessor	Albert II
Successor	Albert III & Leopold III
Born	1 November 1339 Vienna
Died	27 July 1365(1365-07-27) (aged 25) Milan
Burial	Ducal Crypt, Vienna
Spouse	Catherine of Luxembourg
House	House of Habsburg
Father	Albert II, Duke of Austria
Mother	Joanna of Pfirt
Religion	Roman Catholicism