Loyd indicates that this family originated in Lassy in the present-day French d�partement of Calvados, arrondissement Vire, canton Cond�-sur-Noireau[1].� This is corroborated by the two documents, dated to [1133] and Sep 1146 both quoted below, which list the fiefs of the bishop of Bayeux and include the Lacy fief in Campeaux, the latter being located about 20 kilometres west of Lassy.� The main English estates of the senior branch of the family, descended from Ilbert de Lacy, formed the honor of Pontefract in South Yorkshire, while the estates of the younger branch, descended from Walter de Lacy, were centred on Weobley in Herefordshire.�

1. --- [de Lacy], son of --- (-before 1069).� The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, names "le sire de Lacy" (twice) among those who took part in the conquest of England in 1066[2], which could refer to Ilbert de Lacy and his father or to Ilbert and his supposed brother Walter.� Ellis suggests that the father of Ilbert and Walter was named Hugh "for each gave this name to a son"[3].� No other information has been found concerning this person.� m EMMA, daughter of ---.� "Emma mater Hilberti de Lacei" donated property "in monte�Mainart" to Saint-Amand on becoming a nun, by undated charter[4].� Ellis dates this charter to before 1069[5].� [Four] children:�

a) ILBERT de Lacy (-[1090/95], bur [Pontefract Priory]).� His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter under which [his mother] "Emma mater Hilberti de Lacei" donated property "in monte�Mainart" to Saint-Amand on becoming a nun[6].� The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, names "le sire de Lacy" (twice) among those who took part in the conquest of England in 1066[7], one of which entries presumably refers to Ilbert de Lacy.� A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that �Ilberto de Lacy� accompanied William �the Conqueror� to England and was awarded �dominio et honore de Pontefracto�, adding that he was buried �ad dextrum cornu altaris sancti Benedicti� (which appears from the context to refer to Pontefract Priory)[8].� Domesday Book records �Ilbert de Lacy� holding Tingewick in Rowley Hundred in Buckinghamshire; several properties in Nottinghamshire; numerous properties in Yorkshire; land in Dunholme, Scothern, Stow and Willingham by Stow in Lincolnshire[9].� �Hilbertus de Laceio�cum Hadrude uxore mea� donated property to the Holy Trinity of the Mount, Rouen, for the souls of ��filiique mei Hugonis� who was buried there, by charter dated to [1088/94][10].� King William II confirmed �consuetudinem de castellaria castelli sui� to �Ilberto de Laceio� as held in the time of King William I and of �Baiocensis episcopi�, by charter dated to [1088/95][11].� A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land �in Meretona et in Gerford� by �Ilbertus de Laci�[12].� The Liber Vit� of Durham names "Ilbertus de Laceio, Hathewis sua uxor, Rodbertus et Hugo filii eorum"[13].� The date of his death can only be assessed imprecisely, but the documentation suggests that it took place during the first half of the reign of King William II.� m HAWISE, daughter of ---.� �Robertus de Laceio� founded Pontefract Priory, for the soul of �Hylberti patris mei et Hawisi� matris me��, by undated charter[14].� �Hilbertus de Laceio�cum Hadrude uxore mea� donated property to the Holy Trinity of the Mount, Rouen, for the souls of ��filiique mei Hugonis� who is buried there, by charter dated to [1088/94][15].� It is not known whether �Hadrude� was a mistranscription for Hawise, or whether Ilbert had two wives with these names.� A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that �Ilberto de Lacy�uxor eius� was buried �ad sinistrum cornu altaris [sancti Benedicti]� (which appears from the context to refer to Pontefract Priory)[16].� The Liber Vit� of Durham names "Ilbertus de Laceio, Hathewis sua uxor, Rodbertus et Hugo filii eorum"[17].� Ilbert & his wife had [three] children:�

i) ROBERT de Lacy (-[1108/29], bur Pontefract Priory).� A manuscript history of the Lacy family names �Robertum Lacy� as son of �Ilberto de Lacy� and his wife �Hauisia�, adding that he founded �monasterium apud Pontefractum�, died during the reign of King William II (incorrect), and was buried at Pontefract[18].�

-�� see below.�

ii) HUGH de Lacy (-bur Holy Trinity of the Mount, Rouen).� �Rodbertus de Laceio� confirmed the donation by �pater meus Hilbertus� to Selby Abbey, for the soul of �fratris mei Hugonis�, by undated charter[19].� �Hilbertus de Laceio�cum Hadrude uxore mea� donated property to the Holy Trinity of the Mount, Rouen, for the souls of ��filiique mei Hugonis� who is buried there, by charter dated to [1088/94][20].� The Liber Vit� of Durham names "Ilbertus de Laceio, Hathewis sua uxor, Rodbertus et Hugo filii eorum"[21].�

iii) [MATILDA .� �Henricum de Laceio� founded Kirkstall Abbey, for the souls of �Ilberti avi mei et Hawis uxoris su�et Matildis amit��, by undated charter[22].� Assuming that �amita� can be interpreted in its strict sense of paternal aunt, Matilda was the daughter of Ilbert.]�

b) [WALTER de Lacy (-27 Mar 1085).� Ellis suggests that Walter de Lacy was the brother of Ilbert de Lacy, highlighting that Walter held a "knight�s fee in Lassy and Campeaux" in Normandy from Odo Bishop of Bayeux and that "this fief was afterwards held in parage by the heirs of Walter and Ilbert"[23].� This is supported by the two documents, dated to [1133] and Sep 1146 both quoted below, which list fiefs of the bishop of Bayeux in the duchy of Normandy.]�

-�� see below.�

c) [HELWISE .� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records that "Helewysa relicta Willelmi de Ebroys" donated "terram�Hyda, quam Walterus de Lacy dedit ei in matrimonium" with the consent of "rege Henrico seniore�tempore Willelmi abbatis" [abbot from 1113 to 1131][24].� It is possible that Helwise was the sister of Walter de Lacy.� A close relationship is indicated by his donation to her of property on her marriage.� It appears unlikely that Helwise was Walter�s daughter: firstly, it is likely that such a relationship would have been specified in the source, and secondly Walter�s children were young when he died so any of his daughters may not have been nubile at the time.� m (before 27 Mar 1085) WILLIAM de Ebroys, son of --- (-before 1131).]�

d) [daughter .� Her parentage assumes that �niece� in the source quoted below can be interpreted in its strict sense.]� m ---.� One child:�

i) daughter .� Domesday Book records land in Gloucestershire held by �Ansfrid de Cormeilles�, noting that he held �Pauntley...Kilcot...Ketford...and Hayes...and Winstone and Duntisbourne...of Walter de Lacy when he married his niece�[25].� m ANSFRID de Cormeilles, son of --- (-after 1086).�

WALTER de Lacy, son of --- de Lacy & [his wife Emma ---] (-27 Mar 1085).� Ellis suggests that Walter de Lacy was the brother of Ilbert de Lacy, highlighting that Walter held a "knight�s fee in Lassy and Campeaux" in Normandy from Odo Bishop of Bayeux and that "this fief was afterwards held in parage by the heirs of Walter and Ilbert".� This is supported by the two documents, dated to [1133] and Sep 1146 both quoted below, which list fiefs of the bishop of Bayeux in the duchy of Normandy.� Ellis shows the supposed brothers in his genealogical table as born from different mothers[26].� Presumably he bases this on Emma naming only her son Ilbert in the charter which is quoted above.� However, there could be many explanations for the omission of Walter from the document and, assuming that the two were brothers, it seems probable that Emma was also the mother of Walter, who gave this name to his second daughter.� Wightman suggests that Walter was the younger brother, because he arrived in England later than Ilbert �in the train of William FitzOsbern� and on the assumption that Ilbert was named by their mother because he was her older son and therefore held a position of greater importance in Normandy[27].� Orderic Vitalis records that King William granted �insulam Vectam et comitatum Herfordensem� to �Willelmo dapifero Normanni� Osberni filio�, and sent him �cum Gualterio de Laceio� to fight �contra Britones� [Welsh], during which they first invaded �Brachaniaunos� and defeated �Guallorum reges Risen et Caducan ac Mariadoth�, dated to 1071[28].� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records that "Walterus de Lacy" donated �terras de Ledene" in 1080, with the consent of "rege Willelmo seniore", when "Waltero filio suo tunc parvulo" entered the monastery, "tempore Serlonis abbatis" [abbot from 1072 to 1104][29].� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records the death "VI Kal Apr" 1085 of "Walterus fundator Sancti Petri Hereford", his burial "Gloucestri� in capitulo", and the donation of "villam quinque hidarum Duntesborne tempore Serlonis abbatis" [abbot from 1072 to 1104] made by "uxor eius Ermelina"[30].�

m as her first husband, EMMELINE, daughter of --- (-after 27 Mar 1085).� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records the death "VI Kal Apr" 1085 of "Walterus fundator Sancti Petri Hereford", his burial "Gloucestri� in capitulo", and the donation of "villam quinque hidarum Duntesborne tempore Serlonis abbatis" [abbot from 1072 to 1104] made by "uxor eius Ermelina"[31].� Domesday Book records �Roger de Lacy� holding Siddington in Gloucestershire, adding that "his mother holds it as her dower land"[32].� A charter of Stephen King of England dated 1138 confirmed donations to Gloucester St Peter including the donation by "Emelin� uxoris Walterii de Laceio" of �Duntesburna"[33].� [There are indications that Emmeline may have married secondly Arnoul de Hesdin.� Both families made numerous donations to Gloucester St Peter, although it has not yet proved possible to link any of the names of land donated to both families, but most significantly the Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri�, in a list of holdings, records (in order) donations made by "Walterus de Lacy dedit Leden, Ernulfus de Hesding dedit Lyncoholt, Hermelina de Lacy dedit pro anima viri sui Duntesbourne�"[34].� This document confirms Emmeline�s two marriages, while the interposition of Arnoul�s name between Walter de Lacy and his wife Emmeline is best explained if he was her second husband.� From a chronological point of view, the two marriages would fit.� It should be emphasised that this suggestion is speculative.� If it is correct, she could have been Emmeline, daughter of [Dreux de Baladon & his wife ---].� The reasoning behind this speculative parentage is discussed in the document WALES.]�

Walter & his wife had [eight] children:�

1. ROGER de Lacy ([1068/70]-after [1107/22]).� Domesday Book records that �Roger de Lacy� held Enborne, Kintbury Hundred, and Childrey in Wantage Hundred, in Berkshire; land in Kiddington, Mongewell and Salford in Oxfordshire; several properties in Gloucestershire, numerous properties in Herefordshire; several properties in Shropshire[35].� He must therefore have reached the age of majority at his father�s death.� Florence of Worcester names "Beornardus de Novo Mercatu, Rogerius de Laceio�Rawlfus de Mortuo Mari�cum hominibus comitis Rogeri de Scrobbesbyria" threatened Worcester with an army of Normans and Welsh, dated to [1088][36].� Orderic Vitalis records that �Rogerium de Laceio� was disinherited and fled England, dated to [1095/96][37].� Orderic Vitalis names �Rogerus de Laceio magister militum� of the army of Robert III Duke of Normandy sent against Robert de Bell�me, dated to [1103][38].� The following document suggests that Roger was never pardoned by the king for his treason: Henry I King of England granted property of "Walterus de Lacy et Rogerus et Hugo filii eius" to St Guthlac�s, Hereford by charter dated to [1107/22][39].� It is assumed therefore that Roger remained in Normandy, where he held his branch�s part of the family fief at least until the battle of Tinchebrai in 1106.� After King Henry I assumed control of the duchy of Normandy, it is probable that Roger�s share was transferred elsewhere, maybe to his brother Hugh.�

2. WALTER de Lacy ([1072/73]-[8] Feb 1139).� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records that "Walterus de Lacy" donated �terras de Ledene" in 1080, with the consent of "rege Willelmo seniore", when "Waltero filio suo tunc parvulo" entered the monastery, "tempore Serlonis abbatis" [abbot from 1072 to 1104][40].� Abbot of Gloucester.� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records the succession as abbot of Gloucester, after the death "III Id Jul" 1131, of "Walterus de Lacy capellanus" who his parents had consigned "circiter VII annos" to the monastic life at Gloucester which had been generously endowed "tam a patre quam a matre sua Emma"[41].� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records the the death of Abbot Walter after becoming blind and paralysed and his burial "VI Id Feb" 1139[42].�

3. HUGH de Lacy (-before 1121).� Orderic Vitalis records that, after �Rogerium de Laceio� was disinherited and fled England, his lands passed to �Hugoni fratri eius� who had faithfully served King William II, dated to [1095/96][43].� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records that "Hugo de Lacy" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Petri in Herford", built by "pater suus Walterus", in 1101[44].� "Hugo de Laceio et Adeliza uxor eius" donated Hereford St. Peter to Gloucester St. Peter by charter dated 1100[45].� The Historia sancti Petri Gloucestri� records that "Hugo de Lacy" donated "unum villanum et unam virgatam terr� in Moneswelle juxta Walyngeford", and in a later passage "ecclesiam de Quenyntone et ecclesiam de Wyke", both dated "tempore Serlonis abbatis" [abbot from 1072 to 1104][46].� Henry I King of England granted property of "Walterus de Lacy et Rogerus et Hugo filii eius" to St Guthlac�s, Hereford by charter dated to [1107/22][47].� A manuscript describing the descendants of the founders of Lanthony Abbey, Gloucestershire records that �Hugo de Lacy primus fundator prioratus Lanthoni�� came �in Wallia� during the reign of King William I but that, dying childless, "duabus sororibus suis�Ermelin� qu� obit sine h�rede et Emm� sorori su�" inherited his property[48].� Eyton conjectures that Hugh de Lacy died between 1108 and 1121[49].� m ADELINE, daughter of --- (-after 1100).� "Hugo de Laceio et Adeliza uxor eius" donated Hereford St. Peter to Gloucester St. Peter by charter dated 1100[50].�

4. [--- .� Assuming that �nepos� in the source quoted below can be interpreted as nephew, one parent of Hugh�s �nepos� the Templar was Hugh�s sibling.� The description of this person in the source follows a sentence recording Hugh�s brother Walter, but the two sentences are not linked.� The problem of the precise parentage of Gilbert de Lacy, probably identified as the unnamed �nepos� shown below, is discussed in more detail later.]� m ---.� One child:�

a) son .� A history of Lanthony Abbey records that �Hugo de Laci� had �nepos...miles� who, after a long military career, eventually became a Templar (�sub habitu Templariorum...�)[51].� same person as...?� GILBERT de Lacy (-[May 1160/1163]).� His co-identity with the unnamed �nepos� of Hugh de Lacy is indicated by the charter dated May 1160, which records a treaty between Louis VII King of France and King Henry II, subscribed by "�Willelmo Pavet magistro Templi et fratribus...Gilberto de Laceio�"[52].� The precise date when Gilbert joined the Knights Templar has not been ascertained.� Gilbert inherited the share of the family�s Norman fiefs held by Walter de Lacy�s branch of the family, as shown by a list of fiefs of Bayeux church, dated to [1133], which records �feodum de Lacey in Campellis� held by �duorum militum...Guilleberti et Henrici�[53].� The problem of Gilbert�s precise parentage is discussed in more detail below.�

-�� see below.��

5. [--- .� The inheritance of part of the Lacy estates by Sibylla�s descendants indicates that one of her parents was a child of Walter de Lacy.� Wightman says that Sibylla was the daughter of Hugh de Lacy, without specifying a primary source which confirms his statement, although he concedes that �it has frequently been assumed that [Hugh] died childless�[54].� The difficulty is that Sibylla�s descendants inherited only part of the Lacy estates, as indicated by the charter dated to [Dec 1137/May 1138] under which King Stephen only referred to Sibylla�s dowry as quoted below, whereas Sibylla would presumably have been sole heiress if Hugh had been her father.� Rivalry between Sibylla�s heirs and Gilbert de Lacy (see above) concerning the succession to the Lacy estates in England is indicated by an agreement dated to [1147/49] between Roger Earl of Hereford (husband of Sibylla�s older daughter) and William Earl of Gloucester to combine forces against Gilbert de Lacy[55].� This suggests that their respective claims to the estates were of equal weight, and that the two were cousins not brother and sister.� The Complete Peerage discusses the theory that this person was the wife of Geoffrey [I] Talbot (named Agnes in other sources) (see the document ENGLAND EARLS CREATED 1067-1122)[56].� The argument centres around Gauthier de Mayenne, third husband of Cecily daughter of this person�s daughter Sibylla de Lacy, recording that in 1166 he held land previously held by Geoffrey [II] Talbot: "Walterus de Meduana" confirmed to King Henry II that he held "in capite...xx milites" in Kent which �Galfridus Tallebot� had held on the death of King Henry I, dated 1166[57].� Some family relationship between Geoffrey [II] Talbot and the Lacy family is shown by the Gesta Stephani Regis which records that "Galfridus�Taleboth cognatus�Gislebertus de Laceio" was captured by King Stephen�s forces, dated to [1139/40][58].� Keats-Rohan says that the wife of Geoffrey [I] Talbot �used erroneously to be identified as a de Lacy� but that in fact she was �possibly a daughter of Helto� (dapifer, recorded in Domesday Book as holding Swanscombe, Kent from Odo Bishop of Bayeux), and in a later sentence suggests that the connection between the Talbot and Lucy families would be explained if �Adeline or Adelisa, wife of Hugh de Lacy (d.a.1115), was the daughter of Geoffrey and Agnes�[59].� From a chronological point of view, it does not appear ideal for Sibylla de Lacy (married firstly �before [1125]�) to have been the daughter of Geoffroy [I] Talbot (born �[1050/65]?�).� m ---.]� One child:�

a) SIBYLLA de Lacy (after [1140]).� The date of her first marriage is estimated from the dating of her older daughter�s first marriage to �before [Dec 1137/May 1138]�.� �Sibilla de Lacy� notified her bailiffs and foresters that she had donated �land of Leghe near the church of St Michael� to �my uncle Walter abbot of Gloucester�, for the souls of �myself and my husband Payne Fitz-john�, by charter dated to [1130/39][60].� "Rogo filio Milonis Gloec et Cecilie uxori sue filie Pag fil Johis" the lands of her father, including land which "Pag dedit Sibille uxoris sue in dote", by charter dated to [Dec 1137/May 1138][61].� Roger Bishop of Salisbury instructed "Sibille q fuit uxor Pag fil Johis" to restore property which her husband had granted to "Rogo fil Milon Gloec cum Cecilia filia tua p-mogenita" by charter dated 1138[62].� Her second marriage is confirmed by two charters of St. Guthlac�s priory, Hereford: in the first, �Sybil de Laceo� donated land at �Parva Frome� in Herefordshire, while in the second Sibylla �domina de Lodel� donated further land in the same place �ex proprio jure hereditare mee� with the consent of �domini mei Gozonis de Dinan�[63].� It is assumed that Sibylla survived for at least two years after her second marriage as her second husband is recorded as having had two children.� No source has been identified which confirms that Sibylla was their mother, although the naming of the younger child after her is indicative.� m firstly (before [1125]) PAYN FitzJohn of Ewyas, Herefordshire, son of JOHN & his wife --- (before 1100-killed 10 Jul 1137, bur Gloucester Abbey).� m secondly (after 1138) JOSCELIN de Dinan, son of GEOFFROY [I] de Dinan & his wife Radegonde [Oriel] ---.�

6. daughter (-after 1086).� Nun at Winchester.� Domesday Book records that the abbess of Winchester held Coleshill, Berkshire and that �Walter de Lacy� donated it to the church �with his daughter�[64].�

7. [EMMELINE de Lacy .� A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that �Hugo de Lacy primus� had �duabus sororibus�Ermelin�et Emm�� who were his heiresses, adding that Emmeline died childless[65].� Wightman highlights that this is a 16th century document of dubious validity and that no earlier charter evidence corroborates the existence of these two daughters[66].]�

8. [EMMA de Lacy .� A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey records that �Hugo de Lacy primus� had �duabus sororibus�Ermelin�et Emm�� who were his heiresses, adding that Emma married �---�[67].� Wightman highlights that this is a 16th century document of dubious validity and that no earlier charter evidence corroborates the existence of these two daughters[68].� m ---.� The name of Emma�s husband is not known]�

The problem of ascertaining the precise parentage of Gilbert de Lacy is complex.� It appears, as noted above, that Gilbert can be identified with the unnamed Templar �nepos� of Hugh de Lacy who is recorded in the History of Lanthony abbey.� Assuming that �nepos� can be interpreted as nephew, Gilbert was the son of one of Hugh�s siblings.� A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names �Gilbertus de Lacy� as son of Emma (supposed daughter of Walter de Lacy, see above) and her unnamed husband[69].� As noted earlier, Wightman highlights that this is a 16th century document of dubious validity and that no earlier charter evidence corroborates Emma�s existence let alone Gilbert�s parentage[70].� He highlights that Gilbert succeeded in regaining the �vast majority of the Lacy estates� held in England by this branch of the family, suggesting that his right was therefore superior to the branch�s descendants through the female line, and concludes that �that would make him a son either of Roger de Lacy or of Hugh� [71].� Wightman prefers Roger to Hugh, considering the probable co-identity of Gilbert with Hugh�s unnamed Templar �nepos�.� Wightman�s theory appears supported by Gilbert holding a share of the family�s Normandy fiefs in [1133], but Gilbert�s acquisition of the English estates was piecemeal, starting many years after he is first recorded in England, and does not appear to have been based on prior right by heredity.� Concerning the Norman lands, one difficulty is determining how Gilbert acquired his share.� As seen earlier, Roger�s English fiefs, confiscated by King William II, passed to his younger brother Hugh.� Roger settled in Normandy, where he led Duke Robert�s army and presumably held part of the family fiefs until Duke Robert was defeated by King Henry I at Tinchebrai in 1106.� After King Henry assumed control of the duchy, his well-known vindictiveness towards his enemies suggests that Roger�s share of the Norman fiefs would have been transferred elsewhere.� King Henry�s continuing enmity towards Roger is demonstrated by the king�s donation of property held by "Walterus de Lacy et Rogerus et Hugo filii eius" to St Guthlac�s, Hereford by charter dated to [1107/22] as noted earlier, which also suggests that the king�s relations with Roger�s brother Hugh were no better.� All this would suggest that Gilbert would not automatically have been permitted to inherit the estates if he had been Roger�s son.� The dating of Gilbert�s acquisition of the family�s Norman fiefs cannot be ascertained, but it presumably occurred some time in King Henry�s later years.� Some moderation in the king�s treatment of the family is shown by the marriage of Sibylla de Lacy to Payn FitzJohn, but no source has been found indicating the circumstances of Gilbert�s rehabilitation.� The persistent rivalry between Gilbert and Sibylla�s heirs regarding the Lacy�s English estates (as indicated by the agreement dated to [1147/49] cited below) suggests that their respective claims were of similar weight, that both were therefore either male line or female line descendants of the Lacy family, and that they were cousins not brother and sister.� If one was a male line, and the other a female line descendant, the descent of the former would presumably have outweighed the latter�s claim.� This is consistent with Wightman�s hypothesis, but does not exclude the possibility of their being children of two of Hugh�s sisters.� Given all these complexities, reaching a definitive conclusion about Gilbert�s parentage would be speculative.�

GILBERT de Lacy, son of --- (-[May 1160/1163]).� A list of fiefs of Bayeux church, dated to [1133], records �feodum de Lacey in Campellis� held by �duorum militum...Guilleberti et Henrici�[72].� The following charter suggests that Gilbert at first supported King Stephen after the death of Henry I: "...Gilberti de Lacy baronis..." witnessed the charter dated Easter 1136 under which King Stephen granted property to Winchester Cathedral[73].� However, Eyton highlights another charter at the same time with a similar witness list which includes �Ilbert de Lacy baron� (presumably the charter dated Easter 1136 for Bath abbey[74]), and suggests that the former document represents a transcription error[75].� It should be noted that Ilbert is named in numerous documents of King Stephen around the same time.� Gilbert�s support for Empress Matilda�s claim to the throne in England is indicated by two documents: firstly, the Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Galfridus�Taleboth cognatus�Gislebertus de Laceio" was captured by King Stephen�s forces, dated to [1139/40][76], and secondly "...Gisleberto de Lasceio" witnessed the charter dated 25 Jul 1141 under which Empress Matilda created Miles Earl of Hereford[77].� Some time afterwards, Gilbert switched sides and supported King Stephen: "Robertus regis filius Gloecestri� consul" notified an agreement with the bishop of Bayeux relating to fiefs claimed by the latter, including �tota feoda Ilberti et Gilberti de Laceio...apud Laceium et apud Campels�, which were held �de Baiocensi ecclesia et de episcopo�, by charter dated Sep 1146[78].� Rivalry between Gilbert de Lacy and the heirs of his [presumed cousin] Sibylla de Lacy (see above) concerning the succession to the Lacy estates in England is indicated by an agreement dated to [1147/49] between Roger Earl of Hereford (husband of the older daughter of Sibylla de Lacy, see above, and Matilda�s supporter) and William Earl of Gloucester to combine forces against Gilbert de Lacy[79].� Presumably following some activity implementing this agreement, Gilbert de Lacy complained to Gilbert Foliot Bishop of Hereford that the Earl of Hereford had captured one of his knights �Ricardum...Britonem� and was holding him to ransom[80].� "Gilbertus de Laci et Robertus filius eius" confirmed the donation of a tenement in Droitwich to the monks of Worcester Cathedral priory by charter dated to [1150][81].� After King Stephen made peace with the future King Henry II, Gilbert joined the latter: "...Gisl[eberto] de Laceio..." witnessed the charter dated to [1153/Apr 1154] under which Henry Duke of Normandy confirmed the foundation of Biddlesden abbey[82], and "...Gilbertus de Lacy..." witnessed the charter dated 1154 under which Duke Henry confirmed Stanton Harcourt to �Milicenti uxori Ricardi de Camvilla�[83].� The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Gillto de Lasci" pardoned for sums in Herefordshire, Gloucestershire and Shropshire[84].� He became a Knight Templar between 1157 and May 1160: "�Willelmo Pavet magistro Templi et fratribus...Gilberto de Laceio�" subscribed the charter dated May 1160 which records a treaty between Louis VII King of France and King Henry II[85].� A listing of Templar properties dated 1185 includes land �apud Guttingres�Holeford� donated by "Gileberti de Laci"[86].� Eyton conjectures that Gilbert de Lacy died, or at least retired from the world, between 1158 and 1163[87].� The mention in the 1159/60 Pipe Roll of his son Robert suggests that Gilbert had already relinquished his estates in his son�s favour.�

m ---.� The name of Gilbert�s wife is not known.�

Gilbert & his wife had [three] children:�

1. ROBERT de Lacy (-[1160/62]).� "Gilbertus de Laci et Robertus filius eius" confirmed the donation of a tenement in Droitwich to the monks of Worcester Cathedral priory by charter dated to [1150][88].� A charter dated to [1154/55] confirmed donations to Lanthony abbey including the donation of Stanton and other properties made by �Hugonis de Laci et confirmatione Gilberti de Lacy et Roberti filii eius�[89].� The 1159 Pipe Roll records "Rob de Laci" in Herefordshire[90].�

2. HUGH de Lacy (-killed 25 Jul 1185).� A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names �Hugo�et Walterus frater eius� as the sons of �Gilbertus de Lacy�, adding that Hugh died childless[91].� This is contradicted by the Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire which records that "Gilbertus de Lacy" had a son "Hugonem" who had "filium Walterum"[92].� "�Hugoni de Lacy�" subscribed the charter dated [1172/78] under which Henry II King of England confirmed the freedoms of the city of Rouen[93].� Lord of Meath in Ireland.�

-�� LORDS of MEATH.�

3. [WALTER de Lacy .� A manuscript which narrates the descents of the founders of Lanthony Abbey names �Hugo�et Walterus frater eius� as the sons of �Gilbertus de Lacy�[94].� This document identifies Walter as the father of Gilbert de Lacy (see below) and therefore by implication as Lord of Meath.� However, this appears unlikely from a chronological point of view, and also ignores the existence of Hugh de Lacy Lord of Meath.� This supposed parentage is disproved by the undated charter under which �Walterus de Lacy filius Hugonis de Lacy� confirmed his father�s donation to Lanthony Abbey[95].� It is not certain therefore that Gilbert had a son named Walter.]�

The precise relationship between the following person and the Lacy family has not been ascertained.�

1. --- .� Niece of Hugh de Lacy Lord of Meath.� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� �m MEILER FitzHenry, son of HENRY [illegitimate son of King Henry I] & his wife --- (-1220, bur Great Connall, co. Kildare).�

ROBERT de Lacy, son of ILBERT de Lacy & his wife Hawise --- (-[1108/29], bur Pontefract Priory).� A manuscript history of the Lacy family names �Robertum Lacy� as son of �Ilberto de Lacy� and his wife �Hauisia�, adding that he founded �monasterium apud Pontefractum�, died during the reign of King William II (incorrect), and was buried at Pontefract[96].� The Liber Vit� of Durham names "Ilbertus de Laceio, Hathewis sua uxor, Rodbertus et Hugo filii eorum"[97].� �Rodbertus de Laceio� confirmed the donation by �pater meus Hilbertus� to Selby Abbey, for the soul of �fratris mei Hugonis�, by undated charter[98].� �Robertus de Laceio� founded Pontefract Priory, for the soul of �Hylberti patris mei et Hawisi� matris me��, by undated charter, dateable to the reign of King William II, witnessed by �W. Peverel��[99].� A writ addressed to Robert Bishop of Lincoln and Osbert Sheriff of Lincolnshire, dated to [1095/1100], sanctioned an exchange of lands between "Ur de Abet" and "Rotb de Laceio de Ingoluesmaera", witnessed by "R. fil Haim"[100].� "Robertus de Lacy" granted "Magnam Merlay�et Tuisleton�et�in Cliderhou" to "Radulpho le Rus" by charter dated 23 Nov 1102[101].� Henry I King of England notified Thomas Archbishop of York and Robert de Lacy of a grant of lands to Robert Bishop of Lincoln, undated but dated to [1108/13] (when Thomas was Archbishop)[102].� The Historia of Richard of Hexham records the restoration of �Ilbertus de Lesceio filius eius� to lands which King Henry I had confiscated from �patri suo Roberto de Lesci�[103].� He was dead by 1129 when his sister Aubreye was described as sister of [his son] Ilbert, not as Robert�s daughter.�

m MATILDA, daughter of --- (-bur [Pontefract Priory]).� �Henricus de Lasci� donated property to Pontefract Priory, for the souls of �patris mei Roberti de Lasci et Matilildis matris me��, by undated charter[104].� A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that Ilbert de Lacy was buried �ad sinistrum cornu altaris sancti Benedicti� next to his mother[105].� �...Matildis de Lasci...� witnessed the charter dated to [1147] under which [her son] �H. de Laceio� confirmed the donation to Pontefract made by �domina Aliz uxor Rogerii de Molbrai�[106].�

Robert & his wife had [five] children:�

1. ILBERT de Lacy (-[6 Feb 1141/May 1143], bur [Pontefract Priory]).� A manuscript history of the Lacy family names �Hilbertum et Henricum� as the two sons of �Robertum Lacy� and his wife �Matilda�, adding that he died childless and was buried �ad sinistrum cornu altaris sancti Benedicti� next to his mother[107].� �Illebertus de Laceio� confirmed the donations made to Pontefract by �pater meus Robertus de Laceio� by charter dated to [1135/6 Feb 1141], witnessed by �Willelmo Folioth, et Henrico fratre meo, Rogero Pictaviensi et Warnero�[108].� "Ilbertus de Lacy" confirmed the grant of "magna Merlay, Twisleton�et�in Poterton et�in Cliderh�" made by "pater meus" [see above for his father�s grant] to "Radulfo le Rus", with the consent and advice of "Roberti fratris mei", by charter dated to [1135/41][109].� The Historia of Richard of Hexham records the restoration of �Ilbertus de Lesceio filius eius� to lands which King Henry I had confiscated from �patri suo Roberto de Lesci�[110].� "Ilbertus de Lacy" confirmed the grant of "magnam Mitton, Haghton, magnam Merlay, Twisleton�in Potreton et�in Cliderhou" to "Radulfo le Rouse" and granted further property to "eidem Radulfo fratri meo" by charter dated to [1135/41][111].� Henry of Huntingdon records the presence at the battle of the Standard in 1138 of �Gillebertus [error for Ilbertus] de Laci�[112].� Orderic Vitalis names �Ilbertus de Laceio� among those who fought for King Stephen at Lincoln [2 Feb 1141][113].� His date of death is set by an undated charter under which Roger de Mowbray and his wife Alice (Ilbert�s widow) donated property to the abbey of St. Mary, Hood, witnessed by William �decanus� who was consecrated bishop of Durham 20 Jun 1143, thus providing the latest date for the document[114].� "Robertus regis filius Gloecestri� consul" notified an agreement with the bishop of Bayeux relating to fiefs claimed by the latter, including �tota feoda Ilberti et Gilberti de Laceio...apud Laceium et apud Campels�, which were held �de Baiocensi ecclesia et de episcopo�, by charter dated Sep 1146[115].� The reference to Ilbert in this document suggests that he was still alive at that date.� m as her first husband, ALICE de Gand, daughter of WALTER de Gand & his wife Mathilde de Penthi�vre (-after [1147]).� �Aliz de Gant� donated property to Pontefract Priory, for the souls of �prioris domini mei Ilberti de Lascy� and with the consent of �Henricus de Lascy�, by undated charter[116].� She married secondly ([Feb 1141/20 Jun 1143]) Roger de Mowbray.� Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which �Rogerus de Molbrai� confirmed the donation of property to Pontefract Priory by �uxor mea�pro anima prioris domini sui Ilberti de Lasci�, witnessed by �Willielmus Peverel�Turgis de Molbray��[117].� �H. de Laceio� confirmed the donation to Pontefract made by �domina Aliz uxor Rogerii de Molbrai�, for the soul of �prioris domini sui Ilberti fratris mei�, by charter dated to [1147][118].�

2. ROBERT de Lacy (-after [1135/41]).� "Ilbertus de Lacy" confirmed the grant of "magna Merlay, Twisleton�et�in Poterton et�in Cliderh�" made by "pater meus" [see above for his father�s grant] to "Radulfo le Rus", with the consent and advice of "Roberti fratris mei", by charter dated to [1135/41][119].�

3. [--- de Lacy (-killed in battle 22 Aug 1138).� Henry of Huntingdon records the presence at the battle of the Standard in 1138 of �Gillebertus [error for Ilbertus] de Laci�, adding that his [unnamed] brother was the only English knight killed in the battle (�cuius frater ibi solus ex omnibus equitibus occisus est�)[120].� It is possible that this person was Robert who is named above.]�

4. HENRY de Lacy (-Holy Land 25 Sep 1177).� A manuscript history of the Lacy family names �Hilbertum et Henricum� as the two sons of �Robertum Lacy� and his wife �Matilda�[121].� �Illebertus de Laceio� confirmed the donations made to Pontefract by �pater meus Robertus de Laceio� by charter dated to [1135/6 Feb 1141], witnessed by �Willelmo Folioth, et Henrico fratre meo, Rogero Pictaviensi et Warnero�[122].� �H. de Laceio� confirmed the donation to Pontefract made by �domina Aliz uxor Rogerii de Molbrai�, for the soul of �prioris domini sui Ilberti fratris mei�, by charter dated to [1147][123].� A list of fiefs of Bayeux church, dated to [1133], records �feodum de Lacey in Campellis� held by �duorum militum...Guilleberti et Henrici�[124].� The reference to Henry de Lacy, rather than his brother Ilbert, suggests that this source is more correctly dated to the late 1140s.� �Henricus de Lasci� donated property to Pontefract Priory, for the souls of �patris mei Roberti de Lasci et Matilildis matris me��, by undated charter[125].� King Henry II pardoned �Henrico [de Laceio]� for all his actions during the war (�quicquid ipse forisfecerit in guerra antequam pax facta esset inter ipsum Henricum et regem Stephanum�) by charter dated to [1154/1156][126].� �Henricum de Laceio� founded Kirkstall Abbey, for the souls of �Ilberti avi mei et Hawis uxoris su�et Matildis amit��, by undated charter[127].� �Henricus de Laceio et uxor mea� confirmed a donation to York St. Peter by charter dated to [1165/75][128].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Henricus de Lascy xliv l xv s, de novo xxxl xvi d" in Yorkshire in [1171/72][129].� A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that the death �in terra sancta VII Kal Oct� of Henry de Lacy, adding that his burial place is unknown[130].� m [AUBREYE], daughter of EUSTACE FitzJohn & his first wife Beatrice de Vescy (-after [1165/75]).� Her family origin is indicated by the charter dated to [1180/93] under which [her son] �Robertus de Lasci� granted property �in Magna Merclesdene� [Great Marsden] in fee to �Willelmo filio Eustachii avunculo meo�[131].� Wightman says that her name �Aubreye� is based only on a 16th century source[132].� The grantee is identified as William de Vescy (died before Nov 1183) by an undated charter (dated to [1215], which appears incongruous considering the chronology of the Vescy family) under which his descendant �Willelmus de Vesci� donated land �in Merkisdene quam Robertus Mey...de me tenuit� [apparently the same property] to Pontefract St. John[133].� The question of the family origin of the wife of Henry de Lacy has been somewhat confused by a later manuscript history of the Lacy family, which records that �Henricus Lacy� married �sororem Willielmi Vesci rectoris de Berwic�[134].� The editor of the Early Yorkshire Charters compilation identifies this person as �William de Vescy, sometime parson of Barwick-in-Elmet�[135], presumably based on a misinterpretation of �rector�.� In conclusion, assuming that �avunculus� in the [1180/93] charter can be interpreted in its strict sense of maternal uncle and also that [Aubreye] and William de Vescy shared both parents, Henry�s wife was the daughter of Eustace FitzJohn by his first marriage.� The possibility of an earlier marriage of [Aubreye] is raised by the same manuscript history of the Lacy family which records that �Albreda vel Aubreia, filia Roberti Lisours, soror ex parte matris� succeeded on the death of �Robertus Lacy�[136].� If that is correct, Aubreye�s father was an earlier husband of Robert de Lacy�s mother.� However, this appears disproved by the Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 which records �Alicia que fuit uxor Fulconis de Lisoriis et soror Willielmi de Auberville"[137], apparently the mother of Robert de Lisours.� �Henricus de Laceio et uxor mea� confirmed a donation to York St. Peter by charter dated to [1165/75][138].� Henry & his wife had one child:�

a) ROBERT de Lacy (-21 Aug 1193, bur Kirkstall Abbey).� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Robertus de Lascy" paying "xxi l xvii s vi d" in Yorkshire[139].� A manuscript history of the Lacy family names �Robertus� as the son of �Henricus Lacy� and his wife �sororem Willielmi Vesci rectoris de Berwic�, adding that he died �1193 XII Kal Sep� and was buried �apud Kirkstall�[140].� m as her first husband, ISABEL de Warenne, daughter of HAMELIN d�Anjou Earl of Surrey & his [second] wife Isabel de Warenne of Surrey (-before 30 Nov 1234).� A manuscript history of the Lacy family names �Isabella� as wife of �Robertus Lacy�, adding that they were childless[141].� The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Ysabel que fuit uxor Roberti de Laci" owing in Yorkshire "pro habenda dota sua de terra eiusdem Roberti"[142].� She married secondly ([1196]) Gilbert de Laigle Lord of Pevensey.� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Gileberti de Aquila" married "comes Warennie�sorore sua" whose dowry was "villa de Westcot�hundredum de Wudetun" in Surrey[143]. �

5. AUBREYE de Lacy .� According to The Complete Peerage, Aubreye de Lisours, successor of Robert de Lacy was his cousin[144], implying that her mother was Robert�s paternal aunt.� This appears to be confirmed by the 1130 Pipe Roll which records "Robt de Lusor" in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and that he married "sorore Ilbti de Laci"[145].� An apparently different version of Aubreye�s parentage is provided by a manuscript history of the Lacy family which records that �Albreda vel Aubreia, filia Roberti Lisours, soror ex parte matris� succeeded on the death of �Robertus Lacy�[146].� If this is correct, Aubreye�s father was the [first/second] husband of Robert de Lacy�s mother.� As the husband of Aubreye junior died in 1163, the chronology suggests that, if this version is correct, it is more probable that Aubreye was the daughter of her mother�s first marriage.� It appears from the 1130 Pipe Roll that the Complete Peerage version is to be preferred.� m ROBERT de Lisours, son of --- ([before 1120?]-after 1167).�

Robert had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

6. RALPH le Roux (-after [1135/41]).� "Robertus de Lacy" granted "Magnam Merlay�et Tuisleton�et�in Cliderhou" to "Radulpho le Rus" by charter dated 23 Nov 1102[147].� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1135/41] under which "Ilbertus de Lacy" confirmed the grant of "magnam Mitton, Haghton, magnam Merlay, Twisleton�in Potreton et�in Cliderhou" to "Radulfo le Rouse" and granted further property to "eidem Radulfo fratri meo"[148].�

Other individuals whose connections, if any, to each other and to the main Lacy family have not been ascertained.�

1. GILBERT de Lacy (-after [1180/93]).� �...Gilleberto de Laceio...� witnessed the charter dated to [1165/75] under which �Henricus de Laceio et uxor mea� confirmed a donation to York St. Peter[149].� �...Gilbertus de Laci...� witnessed the charter dated to [1180/93] under which �Robertus de Laci� granted property to �Radulfo choco�[150].�

2. HENRY de Lacy (-after 1194).� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "de his qui non habent capitales honores�Henrico de Lascy" paying "xiii s" in Oxfordshire[151].�

3. ROGER de Lacy (-after 1212).� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Rogerus de Laci" holding "feuda de v militum de feodo de Cliderhou" in Lancashire, adding that he granted land to "Roberto de Flainesburch in maritagio cum filia Roberti de Liverseg"[152]. �

4. GILBERT de Lacy (-after 1212).� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Rogerus de Laci" gave land to "Gilberto de Laci" in Lancashire "cum Agneta filia Johannis de Himerum in maritagio"[153]. �m (before 1212) AGNES, daughter of JOHN de Himerum & his wife ---.� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Rogerus de Laci" gave land to "Gilberto de Laci" in Lancashire "cum Agneta filia Johannis de Himerum in maritagio"[154]. �

LA HAYE

According to Domesday Descendants, this family originated from la Haye-du-Puits in the Cotentin, Normandy {Manche}[155].� The founding charter of Boxgrove Priory in Sussex states that the founder, Robert de La Haye, was "consanguineo" of Henry I King of England.� The precise relationship has not yet been traced.�

ROBERT de la Haye, son of RANULF & his wife --- ([1075/80]-[1150]).� A manuscript recording the founding of Boxgrove Priory, Sussex states that it was founded by �Roberti di Haya�consanguineo eius� [referring to King Henry], to whom Henry I King of England had granted �honorem Halnaci� [Halmaker] in Sussex, and given to the abbey of Essay in Normandy[156].� According to Domesday Descendants, this was land which had been forfeited by William de Ansleville[157].� In the foundation charter of the priory he names himself "son of Ranulf the seneschal of Robert de Mortain" and "nephew of Eudo dapifer" [son of Thurstan Haldup][158].� Domesday Descendants dates the foundation to "before 1105"[159], which would place Robert�s birth in [1075/80], bearing in mind his date of death.� �Robertus de Haia et sponsa mea Gundrede� donated Basselech Priory, Monmouth to Glastonbury, with the consent of "domini mei Roberti filii Hamonis et spons� su� Sibili�", by charter dated to [1101/20][160].� King Henry I, with "Johanni episcopo Luxoviensi, et comiti Gloecestri�, et comiti Rannulfo Cestri�, et Roberto de Haia", confirmed the privileges of the church of Bayeux by charter dated [1118/35][161].� Henry I King of England confirmed the possessions of Holy Trinity, Lessay, including the donations by "Robertus de Haia Ricardus et Eudonis nepos" [which appears to be garbled] with the advice of "Muriele uxoris sue et filiorum suorum Ricardi�Radulfi", by charter dated 1126[162].� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral commemorates �IV Id Sep� (not their deaths, presumably referring to the date of a donation) �Robertus de Heia et Muriel uxor eius�[163].� Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Lessai, including donations by "Turstini Haldup et Eudonis filii eius" confirmed by "Roberti de Haia et Murielis uxoris sue et Richardi et Radulfi filiorum eorum", by charter dated [1185/Jan 1188][164].�

m [firstly] GUNDRED, daughter of ---.� �Robertus de Haia et sponsa mea Gundrede� donated Basselech Priory, Monmouth to Glastonbury, with the consent of "domini mei Roberti filii Hamonis et spons� su� Sibili�", by charter dated to [1101/20][165].� It is assumed that Gundred was Robert�s first wife as his wife Muriel was named in a charter dated 1126 (see below).�

m [secondly] MURIEL, daughter of PICOT FitzColswein & his wife Beatrice ---.� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated May 1111 which records that �Picotus filius Colwani Linc. cum uxore et quodam nepote�Ricardi et quadam nepte�Cecilia� donated revenue from "villa�Suttona et Luttona" to Spalding Monastery, in the presence of "ipso Pichoto uxore eius Beatrice�"[166].� Henry I King of England confirmed the possessions of Holy Trinity, Lessay, including the donations by "Robertus de Haia Ricardus et Eudonis nepos" [which appears to be garbled] with the advice of "Muriele uxoris sue et filiorum suorum Ricardi�Radulfi", by charter dated 1126[167].� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral commemorates �IV Id Sep� (not their deaths, presumably referring to the date of a donation) �Robertus de Heia et Muriel uxor eius�[168].� Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Lessai, including donations by "Turstini Haldup et Eudonis filii eius" confirmed by "Roberti de Haia et Murielis uxoris sue et Richardi et Radulfi filiorum eorum", by charter dated [1185/Jan 1188][169].�

Robert & his [second] wife had four children:�

1. RICHARD de la Haye (-[24 Apr], 1169 or after 1171, bur Blanchelande abbey).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated May 1111 under which his maternal grandfather �Picotus filius Colwani Linc. cum uxore et quodam nepote�Ricardi et quadam nepte�Cecilia� donated revenue from "villa�Suttona et Luttona" to Spalding Monastery[170].� Henry I King of England confirmed the possessions of Holy Trinity, Lessay, including the donations by "Robertus de Haia Ricardus et Eudonis nepos" [which appears to be garbled] with the advice of "Muriele uxoris sue et filiorum suorum Ricardi�Radulfi", by charter dated 1126[171].� A charter dated to [1144] of Geoffroy Duke of Normandy, Comte d�Anjou, records the notification to the archbishop of Rouen of an enquiry into the possessions of Bayeux church, including a donation made "coram Ricardo de Haia et Roberto de Novo Burgo et Roberto de Curceio"[172].� "�Ricardus de Haya�" witnessed the charter dated to [end 1150/early Sep 1151] under which "H. dux Normannorum" granted privileges to the citizens of Rouen[173].� "Ricardus de Humez constabularius, Richardus de Haia�" witnessed the charter dated under which Henri Duke of Normandy notified a judgment relating to the house of the late "Conani thesaurarii" by charter dated to [1152/54][174].� Henry II King of England confirmed "Ric de Haia" in the possession of his father�s lands, including "constabularia sua de Lincolscii, custodia castelli mei Linc", by charter dated to [1155/58][175].� �Rich. de Haia et Mat. uxor eius� donated �villam Cambringeham� in England to Blanchelande abbey by undated charter[176].� Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Blanchelande, including donations by "�Ricardus de Haya et Matildis uxor eius, predicte ecclesie fundatores, et Radulfus de Haya Ricardi nepos, et Willelmus de Vernone et Ricardus eius filius�" by charter dated 1157[177].� �Ricardus de Haia� donated �molendino de Welletune� in England to Blanchelande abbey by undated charter, witnessed by "T. Ragin. de Maisnillo nepote meo�"[178].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Ricardus de Haya xvi m, de novo iv m" in Lincolnshire in [1167/68][179].� Robert of Torigny records the death in 1169 of "Richardus de Haia", adding that he left "filias tres"[180].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Ricardus de Haya xx l" in Lincolnshire in [1171/72][181], which suggests that Richard�s date of death as reported by Robert of Torigny may be incorrect.� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral records the death �VIII Kal Apr� of �Ricardus de Heia�[182].� Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Lessai, including donations by "Turstini Haldup et Eudonis filii eius" confirmed by "Roberti de Haia et Murielis uxoris sue et Richardi et Radulfi filiorum eorum", by charter dated [1185/Jan 1188][183].� m MATHILDE, daughter of [GUILLAUME de Vernon & his wife Lucy de Tancarville] (-after 1157).� Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Blanchelande, including donations by "�Ricardus de Haya et Matildis uxor eius, predicte ecclesie fundatores, et Radulfus de Haya Ricardi nepos, et Willelmus de Vernone et Ricardus eius filius�" by charter dated 1157[184].� This charter does not specify that Richard�s wife was the daughter of Guillaume de Vernon but this appears to be a likely possibility.� Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Lessai, including donations by "Ricardus de Haia et Matildis uxor sua", by charter dated [1185/Jan 1188][185].� Richard & his wife had three children:�

a) NICOLE de la Haye (-Nov 1230).� �Nicholaa de Haya filia Ricardi de Haya� confirmed the donation of �villam de Kambringham� to Blanchelande abbey by "dictus Ricardus pater meus" by undated charter[186].� King Richard I confirmed the inheritance by "Gerardo de Canuilla et Nicol� uxori sue" of all her inheritance in England and Normandy from "Rob de Haia et R[ic] de Haia", including "constabularia castelli Lincoln" and land at Poupeville and Varreville, by charter dated 1189[187].� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which names "Ricardi de Hai�predecessor domine Nicoll� uxoris Gerardi [de Camvill]" in relation to landholdings in Lincolnshire[188]. �Henry III King of England took "dominam Nicholaam de Haya et Ricardum de Campvill filium suum" under protection dated 12 Feb 1217[189].� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Lincoln, dated 1219, which includes "Domina Nicholaa de Haya est de donacione domini regis et terra eius de Swaveton valet per annum xx.l"[190].� Bracton records a claim, dated 1231, in which "Willelmus Longespei et Idonea uxor eius" were summoned by "Oliuero de Ayncurt et Nichol� uxori eius" who claimed "manerium de Dudingtona", under "cartam Nichol� de Haya avie ipsius Idonee cuius heres ipsa est", while recording the division of the inheritance between "filias et heredes Ricardi de la Haya, scil. Gerardum de Kaunuilla et Nicholaam uxorem eius Ricardum de Humaz et Juliam uxorem eius et Willelmum de Rullos et Isabellam uxorem eius"[191].� m firstly WILLIAM FitzErneis, son of --- (-1178).� m secondly GERARD de Camville, son of RICHARD [I] de Camville & his [second wife Melisende ---] (-1214).�

b) GILLE [Julie] de la Haye .� Bracton records a claim, dated 1231, in which "Willelmus Longespei et Idonea uxor eius" were summoned by "Oliuero de Ayncurt et Nichol� uxori eius" who claimed "manerium de Dudingtona", under "cartam Nichol� de Haya avie ipsius Idonee cuius heres ipsa est", while recording the division of the inheritance between "filias et heredes Ricardi de la Haya, scil. Gerardum de Kaunuilla et Nicholaam uxorem eius Ricardum de Humaz et Juliam uxorem eius et Willelmum de Rullos et Isabellam uxorem eius"[192].� m RICHARD du Hommet, son of GUILLAUME [II] du Hommet & his wife Lucy --- (-before 1204).�

c) ISABELLE de la Haye .� Bracton records a claim, dated 1231, in which "Willelmus Longespei et Idonea uxor eius" were summoned by "Oliuero de Ayncurt et Nichol� uxori eius" who claimed "manerium de Dudingtona", under "cartam Nichol� de Haya avie ipsius Idonee cuius heres ipsa est", while recording the division of the inheritance between "filias et heredes Ricardi de la Haya, scil. Gerardum de Kaunuilla et Nicholaam uxorem eius Ricardum de Humaz et Juliam uxorem eius et Willelmum de Rullos et Isabellam uxorem eius"[193].� m WILLIAM de Rullos, son of ---.�

2. CECILIA de la Haye (-[1162/77]).� Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated May 1111 under which her maternal grandfather �Picotus filius Colwani Linc. cum uxore et quodam nepote�Ricardi et quadam nepte�Cecilia� donated revenue from "villa�Suttona et Luttona" to Spalding Monastery[194].� A manuscript recording the founding of Boxgrove Priory, Sussex states that �Roberti di Haya�Ceciliam filiam suam� married �Rogero de sancto Johanne�[195].� m ROGER de Saint-Jean, son of --- (-1130 or after).�

3. RALPH de la Haye .� Henry I King of England confirmed the possessions of Holy Trinity, Lessay, including the donations by "Robertus de Haia Ricardus et Eudonis nepos" [which appears to be garbled] with the advice of "Muriele uxoris sue et filiorum suorum Ricardi�Radulfi", by charter dated 1126[196].� "Willelmus de Albiniaco" donated �ecclesias de villa...Ham� to Chartres Saint-P�re by charter dated to [1132/51], witnessed by �...Olivarius frater Willelmi de Albiniaco et Radulfus de Haia et Engerannus de Sai...�[197].� �Radulfus de Haya� confirmed the donation of property in Jersey to Saint-Sauveur by charter dated to [1160], witnessed by �Ricardo fratre eius de Haya...Willelmo de Barnevilla�[198].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Radulfus de Haia" with two knights and one half "de honore de Plaiseisio", one knight "de honore Mortolii, de feodo de Crienciis" and six knights and one half "in Constantino" in his own service[199].� Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Lessai, including donations by "Turstini Haldup et Eudonis filii eius" confirmed by "Roberti de Haia et Murielis uxoris sue et Richardi et Radulfi filiorum eorum", by charter dated [1185/Jan 1188][200].� Of Halnaker, Sussex.� m OLIVE de Albini, daughter WILLIAM de Albini "Pincerna" & his wife Maud le Bigod (-bur Boxgrove Priory).� �Wilielmus Cicestri� comes� donated property �ecclesi� de Bisintona quam Radulphus de Haia dedit ecclesi� sanct� Trinitatis� to Boxgrove Priory, dated the day �ipse Radulphus� was betrothed to �uxorem suam Olivam sororem�meam�, subscribed by �Radulfus filius Savari��[201].� �Wilielmus comes Arundelli� donated property �Bessesola..[et] Winkingas� to Boxgrove Priory, for the souls of �Adeliz� regin�Oliv� sororis me�, et Olyv� fili� me�, et Agath�, qu� ibi iacent�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Godfridus filius comitis�[202].� Her brother settled dower in Sussex on her[203].�

4. --- de la Haye .� m ---.� One child:�

a) RALPH de la Haye (-after 1157). �Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Blanchelande, including donations by "�Ricardus de Haya et Matildis uxor eius, predicte ecclesie fundatores, et Radulfus de Haya Ricardi nepos, et Willelmus de Vernone et Ricardus eius filius�" by charter dated 1157[204].�

1. ROBERT de la Haye .� "Robertus de Haia" confirmed the donation of land at Authorpe to the monks of la Sauve Majeure at Burwell, Lincolnshire by "R. avi mei et R. de Haia patris mei", by charter dated to the late reign of King Henry II[205].�

2. RICHARD de la Haye (-after 1190).� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Ricardus de Haia" paying "viii l, xvi milites" in Lincolnshire[206].�

3. ROGER de la Haye (-after 1198).� The Testa de Nevill records that "Rogerus de Haia" held land "in Akes" in Yorkshire in 1198[207]. �

4. WILLIAM de la Haye (-after 1210).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Willelmus de la Haie" holding one knight�s fee and one half "in Mersie et Leigre" in Essex, Hertfordshire, and one half "in Ratendone" in Essex in [1210/12][208].�

5. SARAH, daughter of --- (-after 1212).� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Sarra de Haya" held "manerium de Mildetun" in Surrey[209]. �

LA MARE

1. --- de la Mare .� m [--- de Gloucester, daughter of ROGER de Pitres & his wife Adeline ---].� Her parentage and marriage are established by the charter dated to [1123] which records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[210], although it is always possible that "nepos" should be interpreted in this document as indicating a more remote relationship than nephew.� [Two] children:�

a) WILLIAM de la Mare (-[1127/28]).� Domesday Book records �William de la Mare� holding land in Welwyn in Hertfordshire from Guillaume d�Eu[211].� A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land �in Danby� by �Willielmus de la Mara�[212].� A charter dated to [1123] records that "Walt de Gloec" gave Little Hereford in fee to "Willo de Mara nepoti suo"[213].� "Walter de Gloecestria, Milo fili ei�Willelm de Mara" witnessed the charter dated to [1127] which records that "Ricard Puncii filii" granted Aston, Gloucestershire ("Hestoniam") to "Mathilli uxori mee"[214].� m ---.� The name of William�s wife is not known.� William & his wife had two children:�

i) ROBERT de la Mare (-[1129]).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Rob de Lamara�p ministio" in Wiltshire (twice), adding in one entry that "mortuus est" and that "fra suus" returned in Oxfordshire[215].�

ii) HENRY de la Mare .� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Henr de Lamara" in Oxfordshire (three times) and in Gloucestershire[216].� m ---.� The name of Henry�s wife is not known.� Henry & his wife had [one child]:�

(a) [WILLIAM de la Mare (-after [1171/83]).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Willelmus de Mara" with half a knight "de honore de sanct� Mari� ecclesia"[217].� "Will de Lamara" donated land at Rendcombe, Gloucestershire to Bruerne abbey, Oxfordshire by charter dated to [1171/83][218].� William�s parentage has not been confirmed but his holding land in Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire suggests that it is likely that he was the son of Henry de Mare.]�

b) [RALPH de la Mare (-after 1130).� The Descriptio militum de Abbatia de Burgo records that "Radulfus de la Mare" held land from "abbatia de Burch, in Hamtonascira" and in Lincolnshire[219].� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Rad de Lamara" in Northamptonshire, adding a reference to "nepotes suos" (presumably referring to Robert and Henry who are also named in the 1130 Pipe Roll, indicating that Ralph was presumably the brother of William)[220].]�

1. ALAN de la Mare (-before [1160]).� "Alanus de la Mara et sponsa eius Beatrix" donated land in Ruholm to Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire by charter dated to [1150][221].� m BEATRIX, daughter of --- (-after [1160]).� "Alanus de la Mara et sponsa eius Beatrix" donated land in Ruholm to Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire by charter dated to [1150][222].� "Willelmus de la Mare filius Alani de la Mare et Beatrix mater eius" confirmed a donation of land in Kirmington to Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire by "Adam de Chirningtun filium Heruei" by charter dated to [1160], witnessed by "..:Wigan avunculo Alani de la Mara�"[223].� Alan & his wife had one child:�

a) WILLIAM de la Mare (-after [1160]).� "Willelmus de Lamarre filius Alani de Lamarre et Amabilis sponsa eius" confirmed the donation of Ruholm to Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "Alani de Lamarre", by charter dated to [1157/63], witnessed by "..:Roberto filio Ernisii de Gousla�"[224].� "Willelmus de la Mare filius Alani de la Mare et Beatrix mater eius" confirmed a donation of land in Kirmington to Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire by "Adam de Chirningtun filium Heruei" by charter dated to [1160], witnessed by "..:Wigan avunculo Alani de la Mara�"[225].� m MABILE, daughter of ---.� "Willelmus de Lamarre filius Alani de Lamarre et Amabilis sponsa eius" confirmed the donation of Ruholm to Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire, for the soul of "Alani de Lamarre", by charter dated to [1157/63], witnessed by "..:Roberto filio Ernisii de Gousla�"[226].�

1. ROBERT de la Mare (-[1210/Jun 1212]).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Robertus de la Mare" holding half of one knight�s fee "in Lavintone" in Wiltshire, and one "in Waldene" in Essex, Hertfordshire in [1210/12][227].� "Robertus de la Mare" donated land "in villa de Baldyndone" to Eynsham abbey by charter dated to before Jun 1212[228].� m ---.� Robert & his wife had one child:�

a) PETER de la Mare (-after 1212).� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which names "Petrus filius Roberti de la Mare iii milites" among the tenants of the honour of Wallingford[229]. �"Petrus de la Mare" confirmed the donation of land "in villa de Baldyndone" to Eynsham abbey made by "bone memorie Robertus de la Mare pater meus", for the soul of "uxoris mee et heredum meorum", by charter dated to [1212/28][230].� m ---.�

Two brothers:�

1. HENRY de la Mare (-[1210/12]).� The Testa de Nevill records that "Henricus de la Mare" held land "in Alveseicuth" in Oxfordshire, and land "in Winterburn" in Wiltshire, in 1198[231]. �"Henr de la Mare" made a fine for "terra Petronille de Croun ux sue et terris suis in Angliam et Willelmus de La Mara frater suus�", dated 1205[232].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Henricus de la Mare" holding three hides "in Winterburne per serjantariam" in Wiltshire in [1210/12][233].� m as her second husband, PETRONILLA de Craon, widow of WILLIAM de Longchamp, daughter of GUY [Wythe] de Craon & his wife Isabel ---.� A genealogy of the founders of Freston Priory names "dame Petronil de Croune" as the daughter of "monsieur Wythe de Croune" and his wife "Clarice", adding that she married firstly "baron monsieur William Longechaumpe" (by whom she had "monsieur Henre de Longechaumpe", and listing several generations of his descendants) and secondly "baron monsieur Oliver Vaux"[234].� "Henr de la Mare" made a fine for "terra Petronille de Croun ux sue et terris suis in Angliam et Willelmus de La Mara frater suus�", dated 1205[235].� "Henr de Mara et Petronill ux eius" claimed "dote�versus�Henr de Longo Campo" in Herefordshire, dated 1207[236].� She married thirdly ([1211/12]) Oliver des Vaux.� Her third marriage is confirmed by the Testa de Nevill which includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Oliverus de Vallibus" held "Vargeburn in barunia cum uxore que fuit Henrici de la Mare" in Hampshire[237].�

2. WILLIAM de la Mare (-after 1210).� "Henr de la Mare" made a fine for "terra Petronille de Croun ux sue et terris suis in Angliam et Willelmus de La Mara frater suus�", dated 1205[238].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Willelmus de la Mare" holding three knights� fees in "Ditton�de honore Britanni�" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][239].�

1. RALPH de la Mare (-after 1210).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Radulfus de la Mare" holding three knights� fees in "Cadeneye, Kaleseye, Sperlingtone, Kerlingtone" in Lincolnshire in [1210/12][240].�

2. JAMES de la Mare (-after 1210).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Jacobus de la Mare" holding land from "honor Peverelli" in Leicestershire in [1210/12][241].�

3. THOMAS de la Mare (-after 1210).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Thomas de la Mare" holding 2 knights� fees "in Hanlega, Redmarlega, Alretone et Doddeham" in Worcestershire in [1210/12][242].�

4. HENRY de la Mare (-after 1219).� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Yorkshire, dated 1219, which includes "Henricus de la Mar" holding land "in Elwescot" in Bampton in Oxfordshire[243]. �

5. HENRY de la Mare .� m ---.� The name of Henry�s wife is not known.� Henry & his wife had one child:�

a) --- de la Mare ([1233/35]-).� A writ dated 10 Jan "33 Hen III", after the death of "Gunnora de la Mare" names "Henry, son of Henry Tracy her uncle, aged 13 at Whitsunday, 35 Hen III, and a son of Henry de la Mare, whose name is unknown, aged 15, are variously stated to be her heir" and "Elveiscot alias Elfeiscot, Alfiscot [Oxford]�Winterburne [Wiltshire]"[244].�

6. GUNNORA de la Mare (-before 10 Jan 1249).� A writ dated 10 Jan "33 Hen III", after the death of "Gunnora de la Mare" names "Henry, son of Henry Tracy her uncle, aged 13 at Whitsunday, 35 Hen III, and a son of Henry de la Mare, whose name is unknown, aged 15, are variously stated to be her heir" and "Elveiscot alias Elfeiscot, Alfiscot [Oxford]�Winterburne [Wiltshire]"[245].�

LANCASTER

I am grateful to Andrew Lancaster for correcting errors in a previous version of this chapter and for providing details of additional sources relating to the Lancaster family.� Interested researchers should consult his webpages which provide more information on this family than is shown below and quote numerous primary sources[246].� In relation to this family, one area which deserves further research is the extent to which illegitimacy represented no restriction on the acquisition of local power.� As can be seen below, prominent members of the family from William [I] de Lancaster onwards had illegitimate sons who shared in family lands.� In some cases, descendants of these children consolidated their positions further with significant additional land acquisitions.� In addition, one case at least demonstrates that illegitimate ancestry did not prevent marriage into another prominent noble family.� In this respect the Lancaster family contrasts with other untitled English noble families studied in Medieval Lands in which the prominence of illegitimate branches is less apparent, although the difference could merely reflect the lack of available source material relating to those other families.�

1. ELDRED .� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire records that �Ivo Tailbot genuit Elthredum�[247].� This statement is presumably incorrect as another source indicates that Ivo Taillebois had no sons: Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that the marriage of the "only daughter" of "Ivo Taillebois�[and] his wife the lady Lucia"[248].� m [---, daughter of IVO Taillebois [I] & his wife Lucy ---.� Domesday Descendants suggests that Ingulph (quoted above) was incorrect and that Ivo Taillebois [I] left a second daughter who was the wife of Eldred, noting that the couple�s grandson William de Lancaster held the barony of Kendal which Ivo had previously held[249].� This is contradicted by the Cockersand Abbey manuscript quoted above, which names �Elthredum� as son of �Ivo Tailbot�[250], although this statement is improbable as no other primary sources indicate that Ivo had sons.]� Eldred & his wife had two children:�

a) KETEL (-after 1120).� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire records that �Elthredus [genuit] Ketellum�[251].� His parentage is confirmed by a charter of William [I] de Lancaster to York St Leonard�s, confirming a donation by his "avunculus" Ketel fitz Eldred, from which it can be deduced that William�s mother was Ketel�s sister (assuming that avunculus is interpreted in its strict sense of maternal uncle)[252].� "Chetellus filius Eldred" donated "ecclesiam de Morlund�et ecclesiam de Brounefeld�et ecclesiam de Wirkynton" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Christiane et Willelmi filii mei", by undated charter, witnessed by "Cristiana uxore mea , Willelmo filio meo, Archil senescaldo, Yvone filio Forni�"[253].� "Chetellus filius Eltred" donated "ecclesiam de Morlund�et ecclesiam de Wirchington" to York St Mary by undated charter, witnessed by "Christiana uxore mea, Willelmo filio meo, Archibaldo senescallo"[254].� "Ranulfus Meschinus filius Willelmi Meschin" confirmed the donation of land "in Wirchintuna" donated by "Chetellus filius Heltredi" to St Bees by undated charter[255].� m CHRISTIANA, daughter of ---.� "Chetellus filius Eldred" donated "ecclesiam de Morlund�" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Christiane et Willelmi filii mei", by undated charter[256].� "Chetellus filius Eltred" donated "ecclesiam de Morlund�et ecclesiam de Wirchington" to York St Mary by undated charter, witnessed by "Christiana uxore mea, Willelmo filio meo, Archibaldo senescallo"[257].� Ketel & his wife had [two] children:�

i) WILLIAM .� "Chetellus filius Eldred" donated "ecclesiam de Morlund�" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Christiane et Willelmi filii mei", by undated charter[258].� "Chetellus filius Eltred" donated "ecclesiam de Morlund�et ecclesiam de Wirchington" to York St Mary by undated charter, witnessed by "Christiana uxore mea, Willelmo filio meo, Archibaldo senescallo"[259].�

ii) [ORM (-after 1094).� "�Orm filius Ketell�" witnessed the charter dated 1094 under which "Rogerus comes Pictavencis" donated land "iuxta Lanecastrum�" to the church of St Martin (of the church of St Mary, Lancaster), for the souls of "Rogeri Scroberi� patris sui, matrisque su� Mabili� cometiss�"[260].� The chronology does not appear ideal for the witness of this charter to have been the son of Ketel son of Eldred, assuming that Ketel�s mother was the daughter of Ivo Taillebois.]� same person as�?� ORM .� This co-identity is assumed by Farrer[261].� The connection with the church of Workington, held by Ketel supposed father of Orm and by Gospatrick his son, suggests that the hypothesis may be correct.� The chronology, however, is not ideal, given Orm�s mention in 1094 and his supposed son�s death after 1174.� m firstly GUNHILDA, daughter of GOSPATRICK Earl of Northumberland & his wife ---.� The Cronicon Cumbri� records that �Waldevus filius comitis Cospatricii� enfeoffed �Ormo Ketelli� with property and �Gurwelda sorore sua�[262].� m secondly as her second marriage, EBRIA [Ebrea] de Trivers, widow of RALPH Engaine, daughter of ROBERT de Trivers & his wife ---.� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Salterge�" to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "Alano filio Wallef, Willelmo Engaine, Gilberto fratre eius, Roberto filio Orm, Micaele fratre eius�Elgiva uxore ipsius Gospatricii, Ebrea matre eius�Thoma filio Gospatricii, Adam, Roberto fratribus eius...Rogero filio Orm"[263].� Michael Anne Guido, noting that �the identity of [the witness] Ebrea is not conclusively proven� by this document, suggests that �there is circumstancial evidence which allows the postulation that [Gospatrick�s mother was] probably Ebrea de Travers...whose first husband was Ranulf Engaine�: she suggests convincingly that the prominent position of �Willelmo Engaine, Gilberto fratre eius� in the witness list (before the donor�s brothers, wife and mother) indicates a close family relationship with the donor[264].� As the mother of the Engaine brothers was also called �Ebria� (see the document ENGLISH LORDS D-K), their witness list position would be justified if they were the donor�s uterine half-brothers.� Follow the Ralph Engaine hyperlink for more information on Ebrea�s parentage and first marriage.� Orm & his second wife had four children:�

(a) GOSPATRICK (-after 1174).� "Alanus filius Waldevi" confirmed the donation of "unam plenariam toftam apud Scadebuas" made to St Bees by "pater meus" by undated charter witnessed by "�Gospatricio filio Horm, Uctredo filio Uctredi, Ailwardi filio Dolf[ini], Gospatricio fratre suo�"[265].� Gospatrick�s ancestry was studied by Michael Anne Guido[266].� "�Gospatricio filio Orm et Randulfo de Lindeseia�" witnessed the undated charter under which David King of Scotland confirmed the donation to St Bees made by "Matildis uxor Godardi"[267].� The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Gospat�z fil Ormi" in Carlisle[268].� "Gospatricius filius Ormi et Egelina uxor eius" donated land "juxta Flemingby" to Carlisle St Mary by undated charter, witnessed by "Michaele fratre Gospatricuum, Ormo filio Dolfini�"[269].� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Salterge", and confirmed "ecclesiam de Wirchingetona" and "ecclesiam de Halfringtuna" which "Elemerus clericus, cognatus meus" held during his lifetime, to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "Alano filio Wallef, Willelmo Engaine, Gilberto fratre eius, Roberto filio Orm, Micaele fratre eius�Elgiva uxore ipsius Gospatricii, Ebrea matre eius�Thoma filio Gospatricii, Adam, Roberto fratribus eius"[270].� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Saltergre", and confirmed "ecclesiam de Wirkynton" and "ecclesiam de Haverinton" which "Elemerus clericus, cognatus meus" held during his lifetime as well as "communi pastura de Arlokedene", to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "Alano filio Waltef, Willelmo Engaine, Gilberto fratre eius, Roberto filio Orm, Michaele fratre eius�Egeliva uxore mea, Ebrea matre mea�Rogero filio Orm"[271].� "Cecilia comitissa Albamarlie" donated land "inter Esc et Duden�Kirkesantan et Haverigg�et Thueites" to St Bees, and confirmed the donation of "villam de Salterge cum communi pastura de Arlokedene" made by "Cospatric filii Horm", by undated charter[272].� �Cospatric f. Orm�, with the consent of �Thomas his son and heir, and Alan his son� donated �Flemingby [Flimby]...�, which he had given to the canons of Carlisle [see undated charter above], to Holm abbey by undated charter before �Robert de Vallibus justice� [Guido noting that he was �justice itinerant� in 1174][273].� m EGELINE [Elgiva], daughter of ---.� "Gospatricius filius Ormi et Egelina uxor eius" donated land "juxta Flemingby" to Carlisle St Mary by undated charter, witnessed by "Michaele fratre Gospatricuum, Ormo filio Dolfini�"[274].� Gospatrick & his wife had four children:�

(1) THOMAS (-[13 Nov 1200/1201]).� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Salterge�" to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "�Roberto filio Orm, Micaele fratre eius�Elgiva uxore ipsius Gospatricii, Ebrea matre eius�Thoma filio Gospatricii, Adam, Roberto fratribus eius"[275].� �Cospatric f. Orm�, with the consent of �Thomas his son and heir, and Alan his son�, donated �Flemingby [Flimby]...� to Holm abbey by charter dated to 1174 [see above for the dating][276].� "Thomas filius Gospatricii de Wirkintona" donated "salmones in Wirkintona�" to St Bees by undated charter, witnessed by "Alano filio Gospatricii et Adam fratre eius, Thomas Engaina�"[277].� "Thomas filius Gospatrici" donated "salinam de Culwen" to St Bees, with the consent of "Patricii filii mei", by undated charter[278].� "Willelmus persona de Wirkinton filius Thome de Wirkinton" donated property to the church of Wirkinton by undated charter, witnessed by "Thoma filio Gospatricii, Thoma herede suo�"[279].� m as her first husband, GRACE, daughter of ---.� She married secondly (1201) Roger de Beauchamp.� "Rog de Bello Campo et Grecia q fuit uxor Thom fil Gospatric" made a fine for "custodia terre et heredis Thom fil Gospatric et p maritaghndo ipsius heredis" in Westmoreland & Cumberland, dated 1201[280].� Thomas & his wife had three children:�

a. THOMAS (-before 1201).� "Robertus abbas ecclesie beate Marie Eboraci" granted "ecclesiam nostram de Wirkinton" to "Willelmo clerico filio Thome de Wirkinton" by undated charter, witnessed by "Thoma filio Gospatrici, Thoma herede suo�"[281].� "Willelmus persona de Wirkinton filius Thome de Wirkinton" donated property to the church of Wirkinton by undated charter, witnessed by "Thoma filio Gospatricii, Thoma herede suo�"[282].�

b. PATRICK (-after 26 Nov 1250).� "Thomas filius Gospatrici" donated "salinam de Culwen" to St Bees, with the consent of "Patricii filii mei", by undated charter[283].� "Patricius filius Thome de Wirkintona" confirmed the donation of "salmones in Wirkintona�" to St Bees, for the souls of "mee et uxoris mee", by undated charter[284].� Michael Anne Guido notes that Patrick was �founder of the family of Culwun�[285].�

c. WILLIAM (-after 1227).� "Robertus abbas ecclesie beate Marie Eboraci" granted "ecclesiam nostram de Wirkinton" to "Willelmo clerico filio Thome de Wirkinton" by undated charter, witnessed by "Thoma filio Gospatrici, Thoma herede suo�"[286].� "Willelmus persona de Wirkinton filius Thome de Wirkinton" donated property to the church of Wirkinton by undated charter, witnessed by "Thoma filio Gospatricii, Thoma herede suo�"[287].�

(2) ALAN (-after 1174).� "Thomas filius Gospatricii de Wirkintona" donated "salmones in Wirkintona�" to St Bees by undated charter, witnessed by "Alano filio Gospatricii et Adam fratre eius, Thomas Engaina�"[288].� �Cospatric f. Orm�, with the consent of �Thomas his son and heir, and Alan his son�, donated �Flemingby [Flimby]...� to Holm abbey by charter dated to 1174 [see above for the dating][289].�

(3) ADAM .� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Salterge�" to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "�Roberto filio Orm, Micaele fratre eius�Elgiva uxore ipsius Gospatricii, Ebrea matre eius�Thoma filio Gospatricii, Adam, Roberto fratribus eius"[290].� "Thomas filius Gospatricii de Wirkintona" donated "salmones in Wirkintona�" to St Bees by undated charter, witnessed by "Alano filio Gospatricii et Adam fratre eius, Thomas Engaina�"[291].�

(4) ROBERT .� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Salterge�" to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "�Roberto filio Orm, Micaele fratre eius�Elgiva uxore ipsius Gospatricii, Ebrea matre eius�Thoma filio Gospatricii, Adam, Roberto fratribus eius"[292].�

(b) ROBERT .� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Salterge�" to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "�Roberto filio Orm, Micaele fratre eius�Elgiva uxore ipsius Gospatricii, Ebrea matre eius�Thoma filio Gospatricii, Adam, Roberto fratribus eius"[293].�

(c) MICHAEL .� "Gospatricius filius Ormi et Egelina uxor eius" donated land "juxta Flemingby" to Carlisle St Mary by undated charter, witnessed by "Michaele fratre Gospatricuum, Ormo filio Dolfini�"[294].� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Salterge�" to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "�Roberto filio Orm, Micaele fratre eius�Elgiva uxore ipsius Gospatricii, Ebrea matre eius�Thoma filio Gospatricii, Adam, Roberto fratribus eius"[295].�

(d) ROGER .� "Gospatricius filius Orm" donated "villam de Saltergre�" to St Bees by undated charter (dated to before 1158), witnessed by "�Roberto filio Orm, Michaele fratre eius�Rogero filio Orm"[296].�

b) GODITHA .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter of [her son] William of Lancaster to York St Leonard�s, confirming a donation by his "avunculus" Ketel fitz Eldred, from which it can be deduced that William�s mother was Ketel�s sister (assuming that avunculus is interpreted in its strict sense of maternal uncle, which is not always the case)[297].� She is named in the charter dated to [1156/60] under which �Wills de Lancastre� donated pasture rights to the church of Leicester St. Mary du Pr�, with the consent of �Willi fil mei et heredis et Gundree uxis mee�, for the souls of �Gilebti pris mei et Godithe matris mei et Jordani fil mei et Margarete fil Comitisse�, witnessed by �Willo fil meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse...�[298].� m GILBERT, son of ---.� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire records that �Ketellus [genuit] Gilbertum�[299].� As noted above, this statement is contradicted by the charter cited above which describes Ketel as �avunculus� of Gilbert�s son William.� This suggests that the more likely family relationship is that Gilbert�s wife was the sister of Ketel.� This is possibly corroborated by Gilbert�s own Frankish-origin name (derived from Giselbert?) which, if he was the blood relation of Ketel, would represent the only non-Anglo-Saxon/Danish name in the family.� Gilbert & his wife had [four] children:�

i) WILLIAM [I] "Taillebois" de Lancaster (-after 1166).� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire records that �Gilbertus [genuit] Will; qui quidem Willielmus fecit se vocari Willielmum de Lancaster...baronem de Kendale�[300].� �Willielmus filius Ranulphi� confirmed the foundation of St Bee�s priory, Cumberland by undated charter, dated to [1105/20], which refers to donations by �Willielmus filius Gilberti de Lancastria�[301].�

-�� see below.�

ii) ROGER .� "Rogerus filius Gilberti" donated "villam de Helsingham" to St Bees, for the salvation of "Willelmi fratris mei et nepotis mei Willelmi", by undated charter[302].� "Rogerus filius Gilberti" donated "terram de Walton" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Sigeride", by undated charter, witnessed by "Roberto fratre meo�Roberto filio meo�"[303].� m as her second husband, SIGRID, widow of WALTHEOF, daughter of ---.� "Rogerus filius Gilberti" donated "terram de Walton" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Sigeride", by undated charter, witnessed by "Roberto fratre meo�Roberto filio meo�"[304].� Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which [her son] "Alanus filius Walthef et Sigrid mater et Rogerus vir eius" donated land "in Aspatrick" to St Bees by undated charter[305].� Roger [& his wife] had one child:�

(a) ROBERT .� "Rogerus filius Gilberti" donated "terram de Walton" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Sigeride", by undated charter, witnessed by "Roberto fratre meo�Roberto filio meo�"[306].� It is possible that Robert was his father�s son by an earlier otherwise unrecorded marriage.�

iii) ROBERT .� "Rogerus filius Gilberti" donated "terram de Walton" to St Bees, with the consent of "uxoris mee Sigeride", by undated charter, witnessed by "Roberto fratre meo�Roberto filio meo�"[307].�

iv) [GILBERT de Lancaster .� "�Gillebto de Lancas--- Ricardo filio Gillebti" witnessed the undated charter under which "Ricardus de Moravilla constabularius regis Scotie et Willelmus filius eius et heres" donated property "in Witelei" to Melrose abbey[308].� It is possible that "Gillebto de Lancas" in this charter was related to Hawise de Lancaster, the wife of Richard de Morville, possibly her paternal uncle.� It is not known whether "Ricardo filio Gillebti" was the son of the same person, although this is suggested because the name follows Gilbert�s.� �Uchtredus filius Ketelli� confirmed to �Gileberto de Lancastro quartam partem tocius terre quam Willelmus de Loncastr� had given to �patri meo Ketello� in �Stirkeland� by undated charter, witnessed by �...Willo filio Ketelli, Roberto de Morvill...Bernardo filio Ketell�[309].� It is not known whether this document relates to this Gilbert de Lancaster.]�

WILLIAM [I] "Taillebois" de Lancaster, son of GILBERT & his wife Goditha --- (-after 1166).� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire records that �Gilbertus [genuit] Will; qui quidem Willielmus fecit se vocari Willielmum de Lancaster...baronem de Kendale�[310].� �Willielmus filius Ranulphi� confirmed the foundation of St Bee�s priory, Cumberland by undated charter, dated to [1105/20], which refers to donations by �Willielmus filius Gilberti de Lancastria�[311].� "Willelmus filius Ranulfi" confirmed the donation of land "de Swartahof" donated by "Willelmus filius Gilberti de Lancastre" to St Bees by undated charter[312].� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire names �Willielmum de Lancaster� as son of �Gilbertus�[313].� A charter of King Henry II confirmed the donation to Furness by �Willilemum filium Gilberti� also named �primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys�[314].� "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated property to Leicester, St Mary de Pr�, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et h�redis et Gundred� uxoris me�", by charter dated to [1153/56][315].� "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pr�, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "�Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse�"[316].� Lord of Kendale and Lonsdale in Westmoreland in 1166[317].� A charter of King Henry II records that �primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys� married �Gundredam comitissam Warwic�[318].�

[m firstly ---.� No direct proof has been found of this supposed first marriage.� However, assuming that Hawise, wife of Richard de Moreville, was the daughter of William [I] de Lancaster, she must have been born from an otherwise unrecorded first marriage, given the estimated birth date of William�s known wife Gundred de Warenne.]�

m [secondly] ([Jun 1153/1156]) as her second husband, GUNDRED de Warenne, widow of ROGER de Beaumont Earl of Warwick, daughter of WILLIAM [II] de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his wife Elisabeth de Vermandois [Capet] ([1120 or after]-after 1166).� Guillaume of Jumi�ges records that �Walerannus et Robertus...mater eorum� married secondly after the death of her first husband �secundo Willelmo de Warenna comiti Surrei�� by whom she had �Willelmum tertium et duas filias� of whom �filiarum...primogenitam� married �comes Rogerus de Warwic�[319].� Robert of Torigny names "Gondrada sorore uterine Galeranni comitis Mellenti" as wife of "Rogero comite Warwicensi"[320].� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire records that �Willielmum de Lancaster� married �Gundredam prius comitissam de Warwyke�[321].� Her second marriage is confirmed by a charter of King Henry II which records that �primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys� married �Gundredam comitissam Warwic� and that she was the mother of his son William[322].� Her marriage date is dictated by the death of her first husband, recorded in Jun 1153.� "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated property to Leicester, St Mary de Pr�, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et h�redis et Gundred� uxoris me�", by charter dated to [1153/56][323].� "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pr�, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "�Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse�"[324].� Farrer has suggested that the wording of this last document indicates that the wife of William de Lancaster was the daughter of Countess Gundred rather than the countess herself, suggesting that the latter must have been "well advanced in years" at the time of the marriage and implying that she would therefore have been past child-bearing age[325].� It is correct that the wording of the document is curious as it appears inconsistent with both possibilities: if Gundred was "Comitisse", one would expect the first part of the document to read "Gundree Comitisse uxoris mee"; on the other hand, if she was Gundred the daughter, one would expect the subscription to read "Gundr fil Comitisse ux mee".� The two names which are quoted above in the subscription list of the document dated to [1156/60] precede the subscribers who held religious positions.� It would therefore be normal for them to be the same persons who are named in the body of the document, in the same order, giving their consent to the transaction.� However, it is difficult to adopt an interpretation which contradicts the three different sources quoted above (Robert de Torigny, the undated manuscript, and the charter of King Henry II) which identify the countess as William�s wife.�

William [I] & his [first] wife had one child:�

1. HAWISE de Lancaster (-after [1188/89]).� "Ricardus de Morevill constabularius regis Scottie" donated "totam terram de Blanesleye" to Melrose abbey, with the consent of "Willi de Morevill filii et heredis mei", for the souls of "mee et�uxoris mee Auicie et Willi filii mei", by undated charter[326].� "Will de Morev" confirmed the donation of "totam terram de Bleyneslei" to Melrose abbey, made by "pater meus Ric de Moreuill", for the souls of "mee et�uxoris mee", by undated charter witnessed by "Ric de Morv patre meo, Auice de Loncastre matre�"[327].� There is uncertainty surrounding this "Hawise de Lancaster".� Her marriage to William Peveril is confirmed by the undated charter under which �Avisia de Lancastria, uxor Willielmi Peverel� donated property to Derley Priory by undated charter[328].� Her marriage to Richard de Moreville is confirmed by the 1169/70 Pipe Roll which records "Ric de Moreuill" owing ".cc. m p recto hndo de tra q clamat c filia Willi de Lancastr" in Lancashire[329].� The primary source which confirms that the widow of William Peverel was the same person who remarried Richard de Morville has not yet been identified.� There is also a difficulty concerning Hawise�s parentage.� Domesday Descendants states that the wife of Richard de Morville was the daughter of William de Lancaster (no corresponding primary source cited)[330].� As can be seen from the chronology of William de Lancaster�s known wife Gundred de Warenne, this affiliation would only be possible if Hawise had been born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage.� On the other hand, the onomastics are favourable for this affiliation, as each succeeding generation of the "de Lancaster" family included a Hawise de Lancaster.� A different affiliation is suggested by the Complete Peerage which speculates that the wife of William Peverel was Hawise, daughter of Roger de Montgommery Lord of Lancaster & his wife Almodis Ctss de la Marche[331].� This is not an ideal fit.� Her supposed father Roger was banished from England in 1102 and retired to La Marche, so it is unclear why Hawise would have been described as �de Lancastria� in a charter which must have been dated about 40 years later.� In any case, the chronology is unfavourable.� It is unlikely that the wife of Roger de Montgommery, Almodis de la Marche, was born much later than 1070, given the known chronology of her family, which means that her children would have been born before 1110 at the latest.� On the other hand, it is likely that William Peverel�s second marriage should be dated to the early 1140s at the earliest, as his first wife is named in one of the charters of Stephen King of England (who succeeded in 1135).� Such a marriage date is late if his second wife was born in the early 1100s, and impossible assuming that his widow was the same person who married Richard de Morville and had children by him in the late 1150s.� �Helewis filia Willelmi de Lancastr� confirmed to �Gileberto fratri meo...terras quas pater meus� had given him �Slegil...et Sockebroc et Tyrerhge...et totam terram de Paterickedale� by charter dated to [1189], witnessed by �......Roberto de Pinkenei...Gervas de Aencurt...�[332].� "Avicia de Lonc spouse of Richard de Morevilla, with the consent of William her heir and her other heirs" confirmed a donation to Furness St. Mary by charter dated to [1188/89][333].� m firstly as his second wife, WILLIAM Peverel of Nottingham, son of WILLIAM Peverel & his wife Adeline ([1100/05]-after 1155).� m secondly RICHARD de Moreville, son of HUGH de Morville & his wife Beatrice de Beauchamp (-1189).�

William [I] & his [first/second] wife had one child:�

2. JORDAN (-before [1156/60]).� "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pr�, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "�Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse�"[334].� There is no indication of Jordan�s age when he died, which means that no data is available to indicate whether he was born from William�s first or second marriage.�

William [I] & his [second] wife had one child:�

3. WILLIAM [II] de Lancaster ([1154/56]-1184, bur Furness Abbey).� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire names �Willielmus de Lancaster secundus� as son of �Willielmum de Lancaster�[335].� "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated property to Leicester, St Mary de Pr�, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et h�redis et Gundred� uxoris me�", by charter dated to [1153/56][336].� "Willelmus de Lancastre" donated pasture rights in "feodum meum in Lonisdale et in Aumundernesse" to Leicester, St Mary de Pr�, with the consent of "Willelmi filii mei et heredis et Gundree uxoris mee", for the souls of "�Gilberti patris mei et Godithe matris mee et Jordani filii mei et Margarete filia Comitisse", by charter dated to [1156/60], witnessed by "Willelmo filio meo et herede, Gundr fil Comitisse�"[337].� A charter of King Henry II confirmed the donation to Furness by �Willielmum filium Gilberti� and names �Willielmum secundum� as son of �primus Willielmum de Lancaster, baronem de Kendale, qui prius vocabatur de Tailboys� and his wife �Gundredam comitissam Warwic�[338].� If this charter is correct in identifying William�s mother, William must have been an infant when he "consented" to the donations of his father in the charters dated to [1153/56] and [1156/60] which are quoted above.� An alternative possibility is that the William who is named in the two charters was an older son, by his father�s presumed first marriage, who died soon afterwards and before the birth of a second son named William born to his father�s second wife.� It should be noted that the chronology of the family of William�s wife, Helwise de Stuteville, is consistent with her husband having been born in [1154/56].� "Willelmus filius Willelmi de Lancastre" confirmed the donations of "villam de Helsingham cum terra de Walton" to St Bees made by "Rogerus filius Gilberti" by undated charter[339].� �Willielmus de Lancastre� donated property to Furness Abbey, for the soul of �Agnetis spons� me�� by charter dated 6 Nov 1240 which records that �avi mei�Willielmi de Lancastre� was buried in the abbey[340].� m as her first husband, HELWISE de Stuteville, daughter of ROBERT [III] de Stuteville & his [first/second] wife [---/Helwise ---] ([after 1170?]-after [1226/28]).� Domesday Descendants names Helwise as the younger daughter of Robert [III] de Stuteville[341].� Her birth date is estimated from her having had children by all three husbands, bearing in mind her third marriage after 1201.� If the estimate is correct, Helwise was probably born from her father�s supposed second marriage.� The primary source which confirms her parentage precisely has not yet been identified.� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire records that �Willielmus de Lancaster secundus� married �Helewisiam�[342].� A charter of King Henry II records that �Willielmum secundum� married �Helewisam de Stuteville� by whom he was father of �Helewisam� who married �Gilberto filio Rogeri filii Reynfredi�[343].� She married secondly (after 1184) Hugh de Morville.� "Hug de Morevill et Helew uxor eius" paid a fine relating to "dote ipsi Helewis" in Westmoreland, dated 1200[344].� The co-identity of the widow of William [II] de Lancaster with the wife of Hugh de Morville is confirmed by the following charter: �Hugo de Morwile�, with the consent of �spons� me� Helewis��, confirmed �totam Fortonam� [referring to the same land granted by the first charter], to [his son] �Henrico de Lancastre� which �pater eius Warinus� had received from �Willelmi de Lancastre awnculi sui�, by undated charter[345].� "William Briewere and Helewisa de Stuteville, defendant" reached agreement "regarding the admeasurements of her dower from Hugh de Moreville her late husband" relating to �the manor of Chircoswarde and the manor of Lesingebi...the manor of Hisale�, dated to [1204][346].� She married thirdly (after 1201) as his second wife, William FitzRalph [of Greystoke].� Her third marriage is confirmed by Robert de Vipont paying a fine in 1209 for the custody of the land and heirs of �William son of Ranulf� and for the marriage of Helwise de Stuteville his widow[347].� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Yorkshire, dated 1219, which includes "Helewisa de Stutevill" holding land[348]. �William [II] & his wife had one child:�

a) HAWISE de Lancaster .� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire names �Helewisia� as daughter of �Willielmus de Lancaster secundus� and his wife, adding that she married �Gilbert filium Raynfridi�[349].� Henry II King of England granted "filiam Willelmi de Lancastre cum tota h�reditate sua" to "Gilleberto filio Rogeri filii Rainfridi, dapifero nostro" by charter dated to [1184/89][350].� A charter of King Henry II names �Helewisam� as daughter of �Willielmum secundum� and his wife �Helewisam de Stuteville�, adding that she married �Gilberto filio Rogeri filii Reynfredi�[351].� �Gilbertus filius Reinfredi et Elewisa uxor eius� donated various churches to Wetherhal priory by undated charter[352].� m ([1184/89]) GILBERT FitzRoger FitzReinfrid Lord of Kendal, son of ROGER FitzReinfrid & his wife --- (-[1216/20]).�

William [II] had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:�

b) GILBERT de Lancaster ([1174/84]-before 1220).� �Willms de Loncastre� donated �medietatem manerii de Socbrige�, which �Huctred filius [Ketelli]� held from �patre meo�, to �Giliberto filio meo� by undated charter, witnessed by �domina Helewisa sponsa mea, Helesio de Stivetona, Willimo de Loncastr, Gervasio de Ainecurta...�[353].� Gilbert�s illegitimacy is confirmed because he was not his father�s heir, unless he had been disinherited by his father for some reason as yet unascertained.�

-�� see below.�

c) JORDAN .� Andrew Lancaster notes that Jordan was named in �many charters with his father� and provides information about his possible descendants who fall outside the scope of Medieval Lands, supported by primary source evidence[354].�

William [I] had one [possibly illegitimate] child by [an unknown mistress]:�

4. WARIN de Lancaster (-before [1190/94]).� Warin�s parentage is indicated by reading two charters together.� Firstly, �Willelmus de Lonecastre filius Willelmi de Lonecastre� [William [II] de Lancaster] confirmed land �de Heshkebec...� to �Warino de Lancastre� by undated charter[355].� Farrer dates this charter to before 1170[356].� Secondly, �Hugo de Morwile�, with the consent of �spons� me� Helewis��, confirmed �totam Fortonam� [referring to the same land granted by the first charter], to [his son] �Henrico de Lancastre� which �pater eius Warinus� had received from �Willelmi de Lancastre awnculi sui�, by undated charter[357].� William [II] de Lancaster was therefore �avunculus� of Warin�s son Henry.� Warin�s illegitimacy is suggested by William [II] not referring to him as �frater� in the first charter quoted above, and by the chronology (Warin, as younger brother of William [II], would have been young to have received grants under the first charter if that is correctly dated to 1170).� �Warinus de Lancastre� donated �quartam partem...terr� in Lehe� to Cockersand, for the soul of King Henry II, by undated charter[358].� "Johannes Comes Moreton" confirmed "terras�Ravenesmeles, Ainuluesdale, Vplitherland, Liuerpul, et Le Franceis", granted by "Rex Henricus pater meus" to "Warino patri suo", to "Henrico, filio Warini de Lancastre" by charter dated to [1190/94][359].� m ---.� The name of Warin�s wife is not known.� Warin & his wife had one child:�

a) HENRY de Lee [Lancaster] (-before 1240).� "Johannes Comes Moreton" confirmed "terras�Ravenesmeles, Ainuluesdale, Vplitherland, Liuerpul, et Le Franceis", granted by "Rex Henricus pater meus" to "Warino patri suo", to "Henrico, filio Warini de Lancastre" by charter dated to [1190/94][360].� Three generations of his descendants are set out by William Farrer (editor of the Cockersand cartulary), with references to primary source documentation[361].� A discussion of Lea (from which Henry�s surname derived) is included in the Victoria County History of Lancaster[362].�

The precise relationships between the following individuals and the main Lancaster family have not been ascertained, although it is likely that they were other illegitimate children or descendants of such children.�

1. WILLIAM de Lancaster .� �Domina Helewisa sponsa mea, Helesio de Stivetona, Willimo de Loncastr, Gervasio de Ainecurta...� witnessed the undated charter under which �Willms de Loncastre� [William [II] de Lancaster] donated �medietatem manerii de Socbrige� to �Giliberto filio meo�[363].�

2. WALTER de Lancaster (-after 1277).� William de Lancastre [William [III], see below] granted the service of �Walter de Lancastre...one tenth part of one knight�s fee� to �Roger de Lancastre� on his deathbed [19/21] Nov 1246[364].� Andrew Lancaster provides further details of Walter�s life, and information about more than seven generations of his descendants who fall outside the scope of Medieval Lands, supported by primary source evidence[365].�

GILBERT [I] de Lancaster, illegitimate son of WILLIAM [II] de Lancaster & his mistress --- ([1174/84]-before 1220).� �Willms de Loncastre� donated �medietatem manerii de Socbrige�, which �Huctred filius [Ketelli]� held from �patre meo�, to �Giliberto filio meo� by undated charter, witnessed by �domina Helewisa sponsa mea, Helesio de Stivetona, Willimo de Loncastr, Gervasio de Ainecurta...�[366].� Gilbert�s illegitimacy is confirmed because he was not his father�s heir, unless he had been disinherited by his father for some reason as yet unascertained.� �Helewis filia Willelmi de Lancastr� confirmed to �Gileberto fratri meo...terras quas pater meus� had given him �Slegil...et Sockebroc et Tyrerhge...et totam terram de Paterickedale� by charter dated to [1189], witnessed by �...Roberto de Pinkenei...Gervas de Aencurt...�[367].� �Gilbertus filius Rogeri filii Raifrai� confirmed �totam meam partem d�Aitlerdale et totam laudum d�Iaukesite� to �Gilberto de Lancastre� by charter dated to [1189/96], witnessed by �...Lamberto de Bussai...�[368].� �Gilberto de Lancastre, Lamberto de Bussei, Gilberto de Lancastre juniore...� witnessed the charter dated to [1189/1201] under which �Gilbertus filius Reinfridi� confirmed �terram de Staveley� to �Willelmo de Godmund�[369].�

m SAPIENCE, daughter of ---.� �Sapience condam uxor Gilberto de Loncastre� leased �tertio meo in Staynerhead� to �domino Gilberto de Loncastr� by charter dated to [before 1220][370].�

Gilbert & his wife had [three] children:�

1. [GILBERT [II] de Lancaster .� �Gilberto de Lancastre, Lamberto de Bussei, Gilberto de Lancastre juniore...� witnessed the charter dated to [1189/1201] under which �Gilbertus filius Reinfridi� confirmed �terram de Staveley� to �Willelmo de Godmund�[371].� No family relationship between the older and younger witnesses named Gilbert de Lancaster is specified.� There appear to be two possibilities.� Firstly, they could have been father and son, although the chronology is not ideal: given the birth date range of Gilbert [I] shown above, �Gilberto de Lancastre juniore� could only have been Gilbert [I]�s son if his father had been born in the earliest years of the range, and even in that case, as a young child, there seems no reason for him to have witnessed the document with his father.� Secondly, �Gilberto de Lancastre juniore� could have been the son of the confirmant: the chronology is a better fit given the confirmant�s marriage in [1184/89], and it is reasonable that the confirmant�s oldest son would have been asked to witness his father�s document.� If this second possibility is correct, the younger Gilbert must have predeceased his father as no record has been found of him elsewhere.]�

2. --- de Lancaster (-after 22 Jan 1216).� "Gilebertus fil Reinfr" made a fine for the release of "Willelmus de Lancastr filius suus et Rad de Aencurt et Lambertus de Busay milites sui�qui capti sunt in castro Roffens", naming "�filius Gilebti de Lancastre" among the hostages proposed, dated 22 Jan 1216[372].� As hostages were generally children or unmarried young adults, it appears chronologically possible for this son to have been the same person as Gilbert [II] de Lancaster, named above as the possible son of Gilbert [I].�

3. [GILBERT [III] de Lancaster (-before 1277).� He is named as father of Roger in the Inquisitions at Lancaster dated "Monday after St Wilfred, 7 Edw I", after the death of "Peter de Brus", quoted below.� No document has been identified which confirms his parentage.� His son�s inheritance of Sockbridge indicates a link with Gilbert [I], to whom the property was originally granted (see above).� It appears chronologically possible for Gilbert [III] to have been the same person as the unnamed son of Gilbert [I] referred to above. ��It is assumed that the following two documents refer to Gilbert [III].� William de Lancastre [William [III], see below] granted the service of �Gilbert de Lancastre...one tenth part of one knight�s fee� to �Roger de Lancastre� on his deathbed [19/21] Nov 1246[373].� An agreement dated 1256 settled a dispute between �Rogerum de Lancastre� [see the next family group] and �Gilbertum de Lancastre� concerning �manerio de Herteshop�[374].� Ragg says that �Gilbert [III] had died before 1277 leaving Roger under age, as appears from an entry in Assize Roll 980, where he claimed a service...against William de Midelton�[375].� m CHRISTIANA, daughter of --- (-after 1304).� Ragg says that �Gilbert [III] had died before 1277 leaving Roger under age, as appears from an entry in Assize Roll 980, where he claimed a service...against William de Midelton� and notes that Roger pleaded �that his mother Christiana had� specified property as dower[376].� A charter dated 1279 records the settlement of a dispute between �dominum Rogerum de Langcastre militem� and �Cristianam que fuit uxor Gilberti de Langcastre� concerning �rights of common� by charter dated to [before 1220][377].� Ragg says that Christiana, widow of Gilbert, was named in 1304 �having essoin� in a suit she was prosecuting to avoid being fined[378].� Gilbert [III] & his wife had one child:�

a) ROGER de Lancaster (-before 1291).� Ragg says that �Gilbert [III] had died before 1277 leaving Roger under age, as appears from an entry in Assize Roll 980, where he claimed a service...against William de Midelton�[379].� A charter dated 1279 records the settlement of a dispute between �dominum Rogerum de Langcastre militem� and �Cristianam que fuit uxor Gilberti de Langcastre� concerning �rights of common� by charter dated to [before 1220][380].� Inquisitions at Lancaster dated "Monday after St Wilfred, 7 Edw I", after the death of "Peter de Brus", record "Sochebred and Slegelle" in Westmoreland held by �Roger son of Osbert de Lancastre by service of � knight�[381].� Ragg corrects �Osbert� to �Gilbert�[382].� m ISABELLA, daughter of --- (-after 1291).� Ragg says that Isabella, widow of Roger de Lancaster, paid for custody of her son Gilbert and of certain lands in �Sokebred and Barton� in 1291[383].� Roger & his wife had [one child]:�

i) GILBERT [IV] de Lancaster (-after 1310).� Ragg says that Isabella, widow of Roger de Lancaster, paid for custody of her son Gilbert and of certain lands in �Sokebred and Barton� in 1291[384].� Inquisitions following a writ dated "12 Mar, 3 Edw II", after the death of "William de Ros of Kendale", record "Sockebred, Shererg, Slegill, Stirkeland Roger, and Banandesdale" in Westmoreland held by �Gilbert de Lancastre by service of ¹/₃ knight�s fee�[385].� Ragg says that �Gilbert de Lancaster son of Roger of Sokebred� granted land to �Adam son of Robert Fruntell of Sokebred...� by charter dated to [1310][386].� Ragg provides details of Gilbert [IV]�s descendants, citing primary source information, who fall beyond the scope of Medieval Lands[387].�

1. ROGER FitzReinfrid .� A charter of King Edward II confirmed donations to �ecclesi� beati Thom� martiris de Westwuda in Liesenes� including the donation of �ecclesiam de Ramesdena� made by �Rogeri filii Reinfrei�[388].� m ---.� The name of Roger�s wife is not known.� Roger & his wife had one child:�

a) GILBERT FitzRoger FitzReinfrid (-[1216/20]).� Henry II King of England granted "filiam Willelmi de Lancastre cum tota h�reditate sua" to "Gilleberto filio Rogeri filii Rainfridi, dapifero nostro" by charter dated to [1184/89][389].� Lord of Kendal.� �Gilbertus filius Rogeri filii Raifrai� confirmed �totam meam partem d�Aitlerdale et totam laudum d�Iaukesite� to �Gilberto de Lancastre� by charter dated to [1189/96], witnessed by �...Lamberto de Bussai...�[390].� Richard I King of England exempted "Gileberto filio Rogeri filii Reinfredi" from neatgeld or cornage in "totam terram suam de Westmeriland et de Kendale" by charter dated 15 Apr 1190[391].� King John confirmed "tota terra sua de Westmoriland et de Kendal" to "G. fil Rog filii Reinfr" by charter dated 25 Apr 1200[392].� �Gilbertus filius Reinfredi et Elewisa uxor eius� donated various churches to Wetherhal priory by undated charter[393].� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Gilbertus filius Reinfridi" holding "feudum unius militis" in Lancashire, adding that "Willelmus de Lanc" had granted "in maritagium v caricatas terre in duobus Eccliston et in Lairbrec"[394]. �"Gilebertus fil Reinfr" made a fine for the release of "Willelmus de Lancastr filius suus et Rad de Aencurt et Lambertus de Busay milites sui�qui capti sunt in castro Roffens", naming "�filius primogenitus Rogeri de Kirkeby que habit de filia eiusdem Gilberti fil Reinfr, filium et heredum Willelmi de Windlesor que habit de nepte eiusdem Gilebert�" among the hostages which were given, dated 1216[395].� m ([1184/89]) HAWISE de Lancaster, daughter of WILLIAM [II] de Lancaster & his wife Helwise de Stuteville.� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire names �Helewisia� as daughter of �Willielmus de Lancaster secundus� and his wife, adding that she married �Gilbert filium Raynfridi�[396].� Henry II King of England granted "filiam Willelmi de Lancastre cum tota h�reditate sua" to "Gilleberto filio Rogeri filii Rainfridi, dapifero nostro" by charter dated to [1184/89][397].� A charter of King Henry II names �Helewisam� as daughter of �Willielmum secundum� and his wife �Helewisam de Stuteville�, adding that she married �Gilberto filio Rogeri filii Reynfredi�[398].� �Gilbertus filius Reinfredi et Elewisa uxor eius� donated various churches to Wetherhal priory by undated charter[399].� Gilbert & his wife had [six] children:�

i) [GILBERT de Lancaster (-after [1189/1201]).� �Gilberto de Lancastre, Lamberto de Bussei, Gilberto de Lancastre juniore...� witnessed the charter dated to [1189/1201] under which �Gilbertus filius Reinfridi� confirmed �terram de Staveley� to �Willelmo de Godmund�[400].� No family relationship between the older and younger witnesses named Gilbert de Lancaster is specified.� There appear to be two possibilities.� Firstly, they could have been father and son, although the chronology is not ideal: given the birth date range of Gilbert [I] shown above, �Gilberto de Lancastre juniore� could only have been his son if his father had been born in the earliest years of the range, and even in that case, as a young child, there seems no reason for him to have witnessed the document with his father.� Secondly, �Gilberto de Lancastre juniore� could have been the son of the confirmant: the chronology is a better fit given the confirmant�s marriage in [1184/89], and it is reasonable that the confirmant�s oldest son would have been asked to witness his father�s document.� If this second possibility is correct, the younger Gilbert must have predeceased his father as no record has been found of him elsewhere.]�

ii) WILLIAM [III] de Lancaster (-29 Nov 1246).� An undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire names �Willielmus de Lancaster tertius� as son of �Willielmus de Lancaster secundus� and his wife, adding that he died childless[401].� "Gilebertus fil Reinfr" made a fine for the release of "Willelmus de Lancastr filius suus et Rad de Aencurt et Lambertus de Busay milites sui�qui capti sunt in castro Roffens", naming "�filius primogenitus Rogeri de Kirkeby que habit de filia eiusdem Gilberti fil Reinfr, filium et heredum Willelmi de Windlesor que habit de nepte eiusdem Gilebert�" among the hostages which were given, dated 1216[402].� Henry III King of England granted custody of "Thedbaldo filio Thedbaldi Walteri Matildem sororem ipsius�", previously granted by King John to "Gileberto filio Reinfridi patris tuo", to "Willelmo de Lancastria" dated [Jun] 1220[403].� "William of Lancaster" performed homage for "his relief for the lands�formerly of Gilbert son of Reinfrid his father", dated 16 Jun 1220[404].� �Willelmus de Loncastre� confirmed �terram...de Martyndale...� to �Rogero de Loncastre fratri meo� by charter dated to [1220/47], witnessed by �Agnete sponsa mea...�[405].� �Willielmus de Lancastre� donated property to Furness Abbey, for the soul of �Agnetis spons� me�� by charter dated 6 Nov 1240 which records that �avi mei�Willielmi de Lancastre� was buried in the abbey, witnessed by ��domino Rogero fratre meo�Gilberto de Lancastre constabulario de Kirkeby��[406].� William [III] de Lancaster made numerous grants of land to various different beneficiaries on his deathbed [19/21] Nov 1246[407].� A writ dated 25 Dec "31 Hen III" [1246], after the death of "William de Lancastr" names "Peter de Brus of full age and Walter son of William de Lyndeseys aged 16 are his heirs", adding that he died "on Wednesday the vigil of St Andrew"[408].� m AGNES de Brus, daughter of ---.� A manuscript narrating the family of �Willielmi de Lancastra� records that �Willielmus de Lancastra tertius� married �Agnetem de Brus�[409].� The primary source which confirms her precise relationship with the Brus family has not been identified.� �Willelmus de Loncastre� confirmed �terram...de Martyndale...� to �Rogero de Loncastre fratri meo� by charter dated to [1220/47], witnessed by �Agnete sponsa mea...�[410].�

iii) daughter .� "Gilebertus fil Reinfr" made a fine for the release of "Willelmus de Lancastr filius suus et Rad de Aencurt et Lambertus de Busay milites sui�qui capti sunt in castro Roffens", naming "�filius primogenitus Rogeri de Kirkeby que habuit de filia eiusdem Gilberti fil Reinfr, filium et heredum Willelmi de Windlesor que habuit de nepte eiusdem Gilebert�" among the hostages proposed, dated 22 Jan 1216[411].� m ROGER de Kirkby, son of --- (-after 1216).�

iv) HAWISE de Lancaster .� A manuscript describing the descendants of �Ivo Tayleboyse� names �Helewisiam primogenitam�maritata Petro de Brus seniori, Alicia�maritata Willo de Lindesay et Serotam�maritata Alano de Multono� as the three sisters of "Willielmum de Lancastre�tertius et ultimus"[412].� A manuscript narrating the family of �Willielmi de Lancastra� records that �Petrus le Brus senior� married �Helewisam� sister of �Willielmus de Lancastra tertius�[413].� According to an undated manuscript relating to Cockersand Abbey, Lancashire, the wife of �Petrum de Brus seniorem� was Hawise, daughter of �Willielmus de Lancaster secundus� as her second husband[414].� m PETER [III] de Brus Lord of Skelton, son of PETER [II] de Brus Lord of Skelton & his wife Joan --- (-Marseille 13 Sep 1241, bur Gisburne Priory).�

v) ALICE de Lancaster (-before 1247).� A manuscript describing the descendants of �Ivo Tayleboyse� names �Helewisiam primogenitam�maritata Petro de Brus seniori, Alicia�maritata Willo de Lindesay et Serotam�maritata Alano de Multono� as the three sisters of "Willielmum de Lancastre�tertius et ultimus"[415].� However, her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a writ dated Thursday after Epiphany "56 Hen III", after the death of her son "Walter de Lyndesay", which records "a moiety of the lands which were of William de Lonecastre his uncle, one of whose heirs he was, excepting the dower of Agnes sometime the wife of the said William"[416].� m ([1220]) WILLIAM de Lindsay, son of WALTER de Lindsay & his wife --- (-1247).�

vi) SEROTA de Lancaster .� A manuscript describing the descendants of �Ivo Tayleboyse� names �Helewisiam primogenitam�maritata Petro de Brus seniori, Alicia�maritata Willo de Lindesay et Serotam�maritata Alano de Multono� as the three sisters of "Willielmum de Lancastre�tertius et ultimus"[417].� m ALAN de Multon, son of ---.�

Gilbert had one [presumably] illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

vii) ROGER [I] de Lancaster ([1200/05] or before-[after 29 Nov 1247, maybe after 1256]).� The editor of Records relating to the Barony of Kendal says that �Gilbert FitzReinfrid probably enfeoffed his natural son, Roger de Lancaster, of Witherslack shortly before 1220�, noting that the same land is later recorded in the hands of [his supposed grandson] John[418].� He does not cite the corresponding primary source, but if the statement is correct Roger must have been at least a young adult at the time and was therefore presumably born [1200/05] or before.� A charter dated to [1357] confirmed an agreement dated to [1225/26] between �dominum Willelmum de Lancastre� and �dominum Thomam filium Willelmi� [Greystoke] concerning fisheries �in essaveria de Ulleswatr�, and another agreement between �dominus Willus de Lancastre et Radulphus de Ayncurt et Rogerus de Lancastre et dominus Thomas filius Willelmi� concerning �stangno de Stayneton�, and also notes that �Ketell filius Aldred� donated �2 bovatas terre et molendinum de Barton� to the hospital of St. Nicholas and that �Wills filius Gilberti� confirmed the donation made by �predictus Ketel avunculus eius�[419].� It should be noted that the date [1225/26] only refers to the first agreement dealt with in this charter and that Roger [I] is only named in the second (undated) agreement, so this charter provides no extra help in estimating Roger�s birth date.� �Willelmus de Loncastre� confirmed �terram...de Martyndale...� to �Rogero de Loncastre fratri meo� by charter dated to [1220/47], witnessed by �Agnete sponsa mea...�[420].� William de Lancaster [William [III], see above] granted land in Patterdale and �the whole forest of Westmoreland, except Fensdale and [Swartfell], and the head of Martindale, which the said Roger held before of ancient feoffment�, the service of �Gilbert de Lancastre� and �Walter de Lancastre� (in each case �one tenth part of one knight�s fee�) to �Roger de Lancastre� on his deathbed [19/21] Nov 1246[421].� Although there is no indication in this document whether it relates to Roger [I] or Roger [II], the marriage date of the latter suggests that he may have been too young to have been granted property in 1246.� It is therefore likely that Roger [I] survived his brother William [III] de Lancaster, providing another indication that Roger must have been illegitimate as he was not his brother�s heir.� [An agreement dated 1256 settled a dispute between �Rogerum de Lancastre� and �Gilbertum de Lancastre� [probably Gilbert [III], see above] concerning �manerio de Herteshop�[422].� If Roger [I] and Roger [II] existed as two individuals, as discussed below, the person to whom this document refers is unclear.]� Hugh Abbot of Furness, by inspeximus dated Jun 1282, confirmed that �Walterus de Faukunberghe et Agnes uxor eius, Marmeducus de Thweng et Lucia uxor eius�, as heirs of �quondam Dni Petri de Brus�, had enfeoffed �Rogerum de Lancaster� with �Ulverstona in F[urnes]� in the presence of �pr�d. Rogerus�, the inspeximus being witnessed by six individuals, the document being headed in the compilation (probably not contemporary because of the reference to �Willelmi de Lancaster� as �iii�) �supradicti Walterus et Marmeducus, Agnes et Lucia...dederunt Rogero de Lancaster, bastardo fratri Willelmi de Lancaster iii avunculi pr�dictarum Agnetis et Luci��[423].� The date of the original grant recorded in this inspeximus depends on the identification of �quondam Dni Petri de Brus�, who could have been the father of Agnes and Lucy (died 1241) or their brother (died 1272).� The absence of the other two sisters (Margaret and Katherine), who were also co-heiresses of their brother, suggests that their father was intended.� In addition, it seems less likely that an inspeximus would have been necessary if the original grant had been made less than ten years before.� If that is correct, Agnes and Lucy may have received the property in question jointly as dowry for their marriages and later decided to sell it to a relative to raise funds.� m ---.� The name of Roger�s wife is not known.� Roger [I] & his wife had [one child]:�

(a) [ROGER [II] de Lancaster ([1225/35]-[Jun/Aug] 1292).� The chronology of Roger [II]�s life suggests that he could not have been the same person as Roger [I], assuming that the grant of Witherslack made to Roger [I] is correctly reported as shown above.� The question of the possible existence of Roger [I] and Roger [II] as separate persons is discussed below.� If Roger [II] was the son of Roger [I], no primary source has been found which confirms this family relationship.� However, records quoted below indicate that Roger [II] and his son held property which had previously been granted to Roger [I].]��

- see below.�

The question of the possible separate existence of Roger [I] and Roger [II] requires discussion.� Several points are relevant:

(1) As noted above, if the report about the grant of Witherslack is correct, it is unlikely that the grantee (in [1216/20]) could have been the same person as Roger who died in 1292, suggesting that the two must have been different persons (father and son, as indicated by the continued property holdings within the family).� If, on the other hand, the report is inaccurate and Witherslack was in fact granted to Roger by his brother William [III], there would be no indication of the date of the grant other than the date William died (1246), in which case Roger could have been born at the end of his father�s life in, say, [1215/19].� Roger would then have been in his early 70s when he died in 1292, which is perfectly feasible.� Unfortunately, there is at present no way of checking the accuracy of the report as no primary source is cited and no other reference to the grant has been found.�

(2) The inspeximus dated Jun 1282 quoted above must be considered.� The original grant recorded in the inspeximus was made to Roger, son of Gilbert, assuming that the non-contemporary heading of the document in the compilation is accurate.� The identification of Peter de Brus, named in the grant as predecessor of the grantees in the property granted, as Peter who died in 1272 would increase the probability that the grantee survived until 1292.� However, as noted above, there are indications that the Peter in question may have been the grantees� father which, if correct, would leave open the question of two individuals named Roger de Lancaster.�

(3) If only one Roger existed, born in [1215/19], he would have married (for the first time?) in his late 30s/early 40s a wife who was 20 years younger than himself.� While not unknown, such a late first marriage might be considered unusual for a 13th century English noble.�

(4) Roger�s high profile marriage with a member of the noble Bolebec family may have been more acceptable to the bride�s family if the bridegroom was the legitimate son of an illegitimate father than if he had been illegitimate himself.�

In conclusion, the question is not without doubt but the balance appears to favour the existence of Roger [I] and Roger [II], as follows, a solution which requires no stretching of chronology.�

ROGER [II] de Lancaster, son of [ROGER [I] de Lancaster & his wife ---] (-[Jun/Aug] 1292).� The chronology of Roger [II]�s life suggests that he could not have been the same person as Roger [I].� No primary source has been found which confirms that he was the son of Roger [I].� However, records quoted below indicate that he and his son held property which had been granted to Roger [I].�� [An agreement dated 1256 settled a dispute between �Rogerum de Lancastre� and �Gilbertum de Lancastre� [probably Gilbert [III], see above] concerning �manerio de Herteshop�[424].� If Roger [I] and Roger [II] existed as two individuals, as discussed above, the person to whom this document refers is unclear.]� A charter dated 1266 records the settlement of a dispute between �Rogerum de Lancastre� and �Henricum de Tyrwhr� concerning �boschis et pasturis in Baynwiodal�[425].� It is assumed that this document relates to Roger [II].� Inquisitions dated [Aug] "19 Edw I", after the death of "Roger [de Lancaster]", names �Philippa his wife� and as heir "John de Lancaster his son aged 25", as well as several properties including �Martindale� and �Werrslak [Witherslack]� [both granted earlier to Roger [I], see above][426].�

m PHILIPPA de Bolebec, daughter of HUGH de Bolebec & his wife Tiphaine --- ([1238/39]-[1292/Aug 1293]]).� An undated charter relating to Alnwick Abbey, Northumberland records that Cecilia de Vescy married �Hugoni de Bolbek seniori, qui genuit Walterum de Bolbek, qui Hugonem juniorem, qui Feliciam matrem domini Johannis de Lancastria�[427].� A writ dated 23 Oct "46 Hen III", after the death of "Hugh de Bolebek alias de Bolebech" records "his daughters, Philippa aged 23 and more married to Roger de Launcastre�are his heirs"[428].� A writ dated 20 Feb "3 Edw I", after the death of "Avelina late the wife of Edmund the king�s brother", names as heirs "Richard de Munfichet�his three sisters, the first sister Margery married Hugh de Bulebec, and from them issued Hugh de Bulebec who had four daughters, Philippa married to Roger de Lancastre, Margery married to Nicholas Corbet, Alice married to Walter de Huntercumbe, and Maud married to Hugh de la Valle�"[429].� A writ dated 1 Sep "22 Edw I", after the death of "Philippa late the wife of Roger de Lancaster", names as heir "John de Lancaster her son aged 24 or more...30"[430].�

Roger [II] & his wife had children:�

1. JOHN de Lancaster ([1262/63]-1334).� Inquisitions dated [Aug] "19 Edw I", after the death of "Roger [de Lancaster]", names �Philippa his wife� and as heir "John de Lancaster his son aged 25"[431].� A writ dated 1 Sep "22 Edw I", after the death of "Philippa late the wife of Roger de Lancaster", names as heir "John de Lancaster her son aged 24 or more...30"[432].� Wrottesley shows John as son of Roger de Lancaster and his wife from a plea relating to the church of Barneton, Cambridgeshire[433].� Ragg provides details of other family members related to John, citing primary source information, who fall beyond the scope of Medieval Lands[434].� m ANNORA, daughter of --- (-1338).� Wrottesley shows Annora as the wife of John de Lancaster from a plea relating to the church of Barneton, Cambridgeshire[435].�

2. other children/possible children.� Andrew Lancaster provides details of other children (and possible children) of Roger [II] and their descendants who fall outside the scope of Medieval Lands, supported by primary source evidence[436].�

LANGETOT

1. RALPH [I] de Langetot (-after [1087/1100]).� Domesday Book records �Ralph de Lanquetot holds of Walter Giffard� holding land in Dunton and Campton in Biggleswade Hundred, Bedfordshire[437].� "Eudone dapifero, per Radulfum de Languetot, apud Legam" witnessed a charter dated to [1087/1100] under which William II King of England confirmed the lands of Abingdon abbey[438].� m ---.� The name of Ralph�s wife is not known.� Ralph & his wife had [three] children:�

a) [RALPH [II] de Langetot (-after 1129).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Iuliana filia Ric Wint" rendering account for land in Buckinghamshire, and �Rad de Langetot� acquitted her of 40 silver marks towards the king for �terra quam pater suus tenet de feodo suo� until she could pay, and �Rad de Langetot� owing for regaining �terra sua quam Ric Wint et Juliana filia sua� held[439].]� m ---.� The name of Ralph�s wife is not known.� Ralph & his wife had [one child]:�

i) [EMMA de Langetot ([1124/25]-after 1185).� Domesday Descendants says that the �principal heir [of Ralph [II] de Langetot] seems to have been Emma de Langetot, probably his daughter� adding that �she was the niece of Matilda sister of �Ranulf� de Langetot - an error for Ralph - according to a Thetford charter of her daughter Muriel�[440].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records �Emme de Langetot� with land �Esintone et Singelberge in dote...de feodo Roesie de Auberville� in Buckinghamshire and in another passage that �--- Langetot...lx annorum� held �in hundredo de Holt feodum i militis et iii partes feodi i militis...in Binetre...in hundredo de Eineford...ii milites fefatos et ii partes i militis� in Norfolk[441].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records that [her daughters] �uxor Alani de Dunstanville�xxx annorum et uxor Alardi filii Willelmi�xxiv annorum� were the heirs of �Emme de Langetot�lx annorum�de genere illarum de Chedney et Joscelini Crispini� in Buckinghamshire[442].� Emma�s relationship with Joscelin Crispin has not been traced.� �Chedney� presumably indicates the Chesney family of Oxfordshire, who was descended from Emma�s supposed paternal aunt (see below).]� m ---.� The name of Emma�s husband is not known.� Two children:�

(1) MURIEL ([1154/55]-after 10 Oct 1200).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records that �uxor Alani de Dunstanville�xxx annorum et uxor Alardi filii Willelmi�xxiv annorum� were the heirs of �Emme de Langetot�lx annorum�de genere illarum de Chedney et Joscelini Crispini� in Buckinghamshire[443].� The date of her marriage with Alan de Dunstanville is suggested consistent with the likely (although uncertain) chronology of the descendants of William Basset, husband of her daughter Cecily.� An order of King John dated 10 Oct 1200 relates to "heredem Alani de Dunstanvill qui est in custodia matris sue uxoris quondam predicti Alani", addressed to "Willelmo de Cantilupo"[444].� Her family origin is indicated by Domesday Descendants which says that the �principal heir [of Ralph [II] de Langetot] seems to have been Emma de Langetot, probably his daughter� adding that �she was the niece of Matilda sister of �Ranulf� de Langetot - an error for Ralph - according to a Thetford charter of her daughter Muriel�[445].� Her name, two marriages, and daughter by her other husband are confirmed by Wrottesley�s extract based on a claim dated [1242/43] in which he says that �William de Englefeud, Alan Basset and Gilbert de Boseville� sued �Robert Danvers and Muriel his wife� for �half a knight�s fee...in Schiplak...�, the defendants claiming that the land was the inheritance of �Muriel, the (second) wife of Alan de Dunsterville, and the mother of the said Muriel, wife of Robert, and of Emma, Cecily and Alice�[446].� The chronology is not precise enough to decide the order of her marriages (her date of birth suggests that her other husband may have been her first, although it is not impossible that Alan [III] de Dunstanville died many years before 1200 when his widow was still of child-bearing age).� m [firstly/secondly] ---.� m [firstly/secondly] (before 1180?) [as his second wife,] ALAN [III] de Dunstanville, son of ALAN [II] de Dunstanville & his wife --- (-[1187/10 Oct 1200]).�

(2) CECILIA ([1161/62]-).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records that �uxor Alani de Dunstanville�xxx annorum et uxor Alardi filii Willelmi�xxiv annorum� were the heirs of �Emme de Langetot�lx annorum�de genere illarum de Chedney et Joscelini Crispini� in Buckinghamshire[447].� Domesday Descendants names her Cecilia but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified[448].� m ALARD FitzWilliam, son of WILLIAM & his wife ---.�

b) [MATILDA de Langetot .� Domesday People records that �Matilda wife of Ranulf fitz Walter� was the daughter of Ralph de Langetot, adding that she �occurs as sister of Ranulf de Langetoth in a confirmation charter for Thetford by Walter Giffard�[449].� �Willielmus Bigot, dapifer regis Anglorum� donated property to Thetford Priory, and confirmed the donation of �ecclesiam sancti Egidii de Wadetona� made by �Ranulfus filius Walteri concedente uxore sua Matilda�, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[450].� An undated charter of King Henry II confirmed the possessions of Thetford, including the donation of �Glamham et Stretford� made by �Randulfi filii Walteri et Matildis uxoris su��[451].]� m RANULF FitzWalter, son of WALTER & his wife ---.� Domesday Book records �Ranulf fitzWalter� holding land in Yaxham in Midford Hundred, Norfolk[452].� Henry I King of England confirmed the property of Thetford, including the donation made by �Ranulfus filius Walteri concedente filio suo Gisleberto cum uxore sua" by charter dated to [1121] [marked �spurious?� in the compilation][453].� Ranulf & his wife had one child:�

i) GILBERT FitzRanulf (-after [1121]).� Henry I King of England confirmed the property of Thetford, including the donation made by �Ranulfus filius Walteri concedente filio suo Gisleberto cum uxore sua" by charter dated to [1121] [marked �spurious?� in the compilation][454].�

c) [ALICE de Langetot (-13 Jan, after Dec 1148).� Her parentage is indicated by the Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 which lists [her granddaughter] �Matillis de Kaineto� with �terra sua in Kameltone...vii libris annuatim�[455], presumably the same as Campton in Bedfordshire which was held by her supposed father in Domesday Book (see above).� "Walterium de Chaisneto" confirmed the donation of "molendinum de Dailointona" to Eynsham abbey made by "Rogerus de Cheisneto", with the consent of �Eua uxor mea�, by charter dated to [1141/48][456].� "Aliz de Langetot" donated land "in Sumertona" to Eynsham abbey, for the souls of "mea et filiorum et filiarum mearum Hugonis...Willelmi et Roberti, Haewise et Beatricie et Isabel� and for �domini mei Rogeri de Chaisnei et filiorum meorum Radulfi et Rogerii et filiarum�, with the consent of �Willelmus de Chesnei et Hugo et Robertus�, by charter dated to [1142/48][457].� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral records the death �Id Jan� of �Adeliza mater episcopi Roberti�[458].]� m ROGER [I] de Chesney, son of --- (-after 25 Dec 1109).�

1. MILO [I] de Langetot (-after 1131).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Miloni de Langetot" in Sussex[459].� Henry I King of England confirmed the property of Saint-Georges de Boseherville, including revenue from �terra Milonis de Languetot de quodam hostagio suo de Ulterinus Portibus", by charter dated 1131[460].� same person as...?� MILO de Langetot .� William de Chesney recorded that he obtained Marston St Lawrence, Northamptonshire from "domino et fratre meo Roberto de Caisneto Lincolniensi episcopo" by two undated charters, one issued at Lincoln witnessed by �Ralf de Chesney and William his brother my nephews, Alexander de Chesney and Ralf his brother my cognati�, the other at Verneuil witnessed by �Marg de Luci uxore mea, Rad. de Caisneto et Willelmo fratre suo nepotibus meis, Milone de Langetot et Milone filio suo...�[461].� The names of some of the witnesses suggest that this charter should be dated towards the end of the donor�s life, maybe in the 1160s.� If that is correct, it is late for Milo de Langetot to have been the son of Ralph [I] de Langetot who is named above.� Maybe he was the son of Ralph [II], although if that is correct he must have died soon after his father without surviving issue as Ralph [II]�s supposed daughter Emma was probably his heir.� m ---.� The name of Milo�s wife is not known.� Milo & his wife had one child:�

a) MILO [II] de Langetot .� William de Chesney recorded that he obtained Marston St Lawrence, Northamptonshire from "domino et fratre meo Roberto de Caisneto Lincolniensi episcopo" by two undated charters, one issued at Lincoln witnessed by �Ralf de Chesney and William his brother my nephews, Alexander de Chesney and Ralf his brother my cognati�, the other at Verneuil witnessed by �Marg de Luci uxore mea, Rad. de Caisneto et Willelmo fratre suo nepotibus meis, Milone de Langetot et Milone filio suo...�[462].�

LANVALAY

This family took its name from Lanvallay, to the east of Dinan in Brittany, in the present-day French d�partement of C�tes-d�Armor, arrondissement Dinan, canton Dinan-Est[463].� Possible predecessors of William [I] de Lanvalay in England are discussed by Sinclair in his history of Walkden[464].� Successful reconstruction of the family is complicated by the duplication of the names William, Ranulf and Geoffrey, and the indication in the records, at least in the case of William and Geoffrey, of more than one individual with the same name at the same time.� The following is an attempt to reconcile the information available, but does not necessarily represent the final answer.�

[Four possible brothers]:�

1. WILLIAM [I] de Lanvalay (-before 1185).� "Manasse Biset dapifero, Henrico de Oilleo, W[illelmo] de Lanvaleio..." witnessed the charter dated [Jan 1158] under which King Henry II confirmed the donation to the nuns of Neasham, Durham made by "Emma de Teisa"[465].� �Willelmus de Lanvalei� confirmed the donation of �decimis...in terris...quas Eudo dapifer eis dedit vel alii antecessores mei...Hamo de Sancto Claro et Willelmus frater eius...terram in Berle que dicitur Adgareslau et Grenestede et ecclesiam de Hamertune� made to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �Willelmus clericus nepos domini Willelmi de Lanvalei, Radulfus de Lanvalui...�[466].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �terram quam tenuit �dgarus Treissolz extra muros Colecestrie et in Balkerne gardinum� to Colchester St. John, with the consent of �uxoris mee Gunnore et heredis mei Willelmi�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Robertus de Valuines, Radulfus de Lamualei, Oliuer de Lamualei, Radulfus filius Pain, Willelmus de Lamualei clericus...�[467].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� granted �Hamertonam post decessum domine Clementie� to �Radulfo de Lamualei filio meo juniori�, to hold �de Guillelmo de Lamualei filio meo�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei, Olivero...Guillelmo clerico...�[468].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records that �Clementia de Sancto Claro� held "Haiam" from �Willelmo de Lanvalei�[469].� William [I] presumably died before 1185 when the Rotuli de Dominabus records his son William [II] in the custody of the king, as quoted below.� An undated charter of King Richard I confirmed possessions of Colchester St John, including the donation of �ecclesiam de Hamertona� made by �Willelmus de Lanualay�[470].� m GUNNORA de Saint-Clair, daughter of HUBERT de Saint-Clair & his wife Clementia --- ([1140/50]-before 1185).� Domesday Descendants names "Gunnora daughter and heiress of Hubert de St Clair" as the wife of William de Lanvalay, but does not cite a specific source reference for this information[471].� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that the age of her mother is accurately stated in the Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185.� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �terram quam tenuit �dgarus Treissolz extra muros Colecestrie et in Balkerne gardinum� to Colchester St. John, with the consent of �uxoris mee Gunnore et heredis mei Willelmi�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Robertus de Valuines, Radulfus de Lamualei, Oliuer de Lamualei, Radulfus filius Pain, Willelmus de Lamualei clericus...�[472].� William [I] & his wife had [three] children:�

a) WILLIAM [II] de Lanvalay of Walkern, Northamptonshire ([1168/73]-[20 Jun 1207/1209]).� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �terram quam tenuit �dgarus Treissolz extra muros Colecestrie et in Balkerne gardinum� to Colchester St. John, with the consent of �uxoris mee Gunnore et heredis mei Willelmi�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Robertus de Valuines, Radulfus de Lamualei, Oliuer de Lamualei, Radulfus filius Pain, Willelmus de Lamualei clericus...�[473].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� granted �Hamertonam post decessum domine Clementie� to �Radulfo de Lamualei filio meo juniori�, to hold �de Guillelmo de Lamualei filio meo�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei, Olivero...Guillelmo clerico...�[474].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records �Willelmus de Lanvalle...in custodia domini Regis� and holds all his land, of unknown value, in "Hundredum de Lexedene" in Essex and �in Hallingeburia� in Essex[475].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi de Lamualei� confirmed �decimis...in terris...quas Eudo dapifer eis dedit vel alii antecessores mei scilicet Hamo de Sancto Claro et Willelmus frater eius videlicet terram de Berleia que dicitur Edgareslawe et Grenestede et Belkerne et ecclesiam de Hamertune� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei...Guillelmo clerico...�[476].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi de Lamualei miles� donated �terram...ad Galweidone in Lexedene...pro dimidia virgata terre quam Clementia avia mea...pro anima matris mee Gunnore de maritagio suo in Westone donaverat� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �Radulfo de Lamualei...Guillelmo clerico...�[477].� King John confirmed "villam de Bromeleg cum advocatione ecclesie", donated by "Willelmus de Lanval�in maritagium cum Gunnora sorore ipsius Willelmi de Lunval", to "Willelmo de Bello Campo" by charter dated 20 Jun 1207[478].� The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land in Northamptonshire, dated to [1208/09], including "heres Willelmi de Lanvelay tenet Wakerle"[479]. �m HAWISE de Bocland, daughter of HUGH de Bocland & his wife Matilda --- (-before 19 Jul 1233).� Her parentage and marriage are shown in The Complete Peerage[480].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi� donated �terre in manerio meo de Walcra...� to Colchester St. John, for the salvation of �mea et Hawisie uxoris mee� and the souls of �patris mei Willelmi et matris mee Gunnore�, by undated charter[481].� �Hawisa de Lanualei filia Hugonis de Boclonde in...viduitate mea� donated property �in villa de Tatcheworde� to Colchester St. John by undated charter[482].� �Cristiana de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe� confirmed the donation of property �in villa de Westlega� made to Colchester St. John by �Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawisie sororis Galfridi filii Petri quondam justiciarii Anglie� by undated charter[483].� �Reimundus de Burgo� confirmed the donation of property made to Colchester St. John by �Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawise uxoris eiusdem�, confirming the confirmation made by �Cristina de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe sponsa mea in...viduitate sua", by undated charter[484].� Bracton records a claim, dated 1232, by "Johannes de Burgo et Hawisia uxor eius" against "Willelmum de Bello Campo" claiming the return of "manerium de Brumlegha�hereditatem ipsius Hawisie" which had not been transferred to her after the death of "Gunnoram de Lanualay quondam uxorem suam" and which "Hawisia de Lamualay quondam uxor Willelmi de Lanualay�avie ipsius Hawisie" was granted as "dotem�de dono ipsius Willelmi quondam viri sui"[485].� �Johannes de Burgo� confirmed a donation to Colchester St. John made by �Hawisa de Lamualei filia Hugonis de Boclonde� by undated charter[486].� William [II] & his wife had [two] children:�

i) WILLIAM [IV] de Lanvalay ([after 1190]-[1214/18 May 1216]).� The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land in Northamptonshire, dated to [1208/09], including "heres Willelmi de Lanvelay tenet Wakerle"[487].� Although he is not named in this record, it must refer to William [IV] who was presumably still a minor at the time.� William Reedy, in the introduction to his collection of Basset charters, states that Alan Basset paid a fine to marry his daughter to the son and heir of William de Lanvalay in [1212/14][488].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �advocacionem ecclesie Sancte Marie de Walcra et terram...Godithehythe in campo de Sanweie� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Galfrido fratre meo...�[489].� William Bishop of Lincoln confirmed the donation of �ecclesie de Walcre�, held by �Galfridus de Boclanda� during his lifetime, to Colchester St. John made by �Willelmi de Lanvalei filii Willelmi de Lanvalei� by undated charter[490].� The reference to the Bocland family suggests that William [IV] de Lanvalay was the donor in this charter.� The Patent Roll 1217 records an order to "baillivis suis in quorum bailliis Willelmus de Lanvalay terras habuit" in respect of the lands �que fuerunt Willelmi de Lanvalay�[491], which is consistent with the recent death of William [IV].� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Somerset, dated 1219, which includes "filia et heres Willelmi de Lamvale est in custodia H. de Burgo justiciarii...et terra sua de Kingestan valet x.l...", in Kent �in hundred de Schamele dominus H. de Burgo habet custodiam cuiusdam puelle que est heres Willelmi de Lanvalai cum maneriis de Chauk et de Henneherst...�, and in Essex �terra...in hundredo de Lexeden�[492]. �[Betrothed ([1212/14]) --- Basset, daughter of ALAN Basset of Wycombe & his second wife Aline de Gai.� William Reedy, in the introduction to his collection of Basset charters, states that Alan Basset paid a fine to marry his daughter to the son and heir of William de Lanvalay in [1212/14][493].� It does not appear that this marriage was completed.]� m ([1212/14]) MATILDA Pecche, daughter of GILBERT Pecche & his wife (-after 11 May 1226).� �Matildis de Lanualei� donated property �in villa de Herlestone...[et] in prato...Ham� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �Haumone Peche...�[494].� �Hamo Pecche filius Gileberti Pecche� confirmed the donation of property �in villa de Herlestune� made to Colchester St. John by �Matildis de Lanualei soror mea�, for his and her souls, by undated charter[495].� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Northamptonshire "to place in respite the demand of 29s that he makes from Matilda de Lanvallay for her assets in Wakerley", dated [Apr] 1223[496], and secondly the king ordered the sheriff of Northamptonshire "to place in respite the demand for 29s that he makes by summons of the Exchequer from Matilda de Lanvallay", dated 11 May 1226[497].� �Johannes de Burgo et Hawise uxoris mee� confirmed the donation of property �in villa de Herlestune� made to Colchester St. John by �Matildis de Lanusely mater Hawise uxoris mee� by undated charter[498].� William [IV] & his wife had one child:

(1) HAWISE de Lanvalay ([1213/16]-after 1235).� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Somerset, dated 1219, which includes "filia et heres Willelmi de Lamvale est in custodia H. de Burgo justiciarii...et terra sua de Kingestan valet x.l...", in Kent �in hundred de Schamele dominus H. de Burgo habet custodiam cuiusdam puelle que est heres Willelmi de Lanvalai cum maneriis de Chauk et de Henneherst...�, and in Essex �terra...in hundredo de Lexeden�[499]. �The Pipe Roll 1223 includes land of �Huberto de Burgo cum herede Willelmi de Lanvalet...in Schaftebir� [Shaftesbury] in Dorset[500].� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Dorset "to take into the king�s hands the lands of Emedeswurth and Morden which Peter Russell holds of the fee of William de Lanvallay", dated [Mar] 1224[501].� �Johannes de Burgo et Hawise uxoris mee� confirmed the donation of property �in villa de Herlestune� made to Colchester St. John by �Matildis de Lanusely mater Hawise uxoris mee� by undated charter[502].� Bracton records a claim, dated 1232, by "Johannes de Burgo et Hawisia uxor eius" against "Willelmum de Bello Campo" claiming the return of "manerium de Brumlegha�hereditatem ipsius Hawisie" which had not been transferred to her after the death of "Gunnoram de Lanualay quondam uxorem suam" and which "Hawisia de Lamualay quondam uxor Willelmi de Lanualay�avie ipsius Hawisie" was granted as "dotem�de dono ipsius Willelmi quondam viri sui"[503].� A charter dated 1235 records a dispute a claim �Johannem de Burgo et Hawisiam uxorem eius� against the abbot of Colchester relating to revenue from �molendino de Nordmilne� and the agreed settlement which refers to �Johannes et Hauuisia et heredes ipsius Hauuisie�, the latter being unnamed[504].� A writ dated 1 Dec �3 Edw I�, after the death of "John de Burgo the elder", names "Sir John de Burgo the younger...aged 40 and more is his next heir", records "Hallingebyri...manor...held of the king in chief of tyhe barony of Launvaly...of the inheritance of Hawis his wife", and names �Sir Hubert de Burgo father of Sir John de Burgo the elder�[505].� m (before 1232) JOHN de Burgh, son of HUBERT de Burgh Earl of Kent & his first wife Beatrice de Warenne (-before 1 Dec 1274).�

ii) GEOFFREY de Lanvalay (-after 1227).� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �advocacionem ecclesie Sancte Marie de Walcra et terram...Godithehythe in campo de Sanweie� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Galfrido fratre meo...�[506].� �Willelmus de Lamualey� donated �terram...Eddrihichescroft de feodo de Stanweia...� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Galfrido de Boclond, Brienno Arsic, Johanne de Lamualei, Willelmo de Lamualei...Galfrido fratre meo......�[507].� The Patent Roll 1223 records "Gaufridus de Lanvalay de familia comitis W. Essexie. Teste et c. apud Westmonasterium xxv die Augusti"[508].� �Cristiana de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe� confirmed the donation of property �in villa de Westlega� made to Colchester St. John by �Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawisie sororis Galfridi filii Petri quondam justiciarii Anglie� by undated charter[509].� �Reimundus de Burgo� confirmed the donation of property made to Colchester St. John by �Galfrido de Lanualay filio Willelmi de Lanualey et Hawise uxoris eiusdem�, confirming the confirmation made by �Cristina de Mandevilla comitissa Essexe sponsa mea in...viduitate sua", by undated charter[510].� �Galfridus de Lanualay� donated �dimidium totius manerii mei de Westle...� to Colchester St. John by undated charter[511].�

b) GUNNORA de Lanvalay (-before [1220]).� King John confirmed "villam de Bromeleg cum advocatione ecclesie", donated by "Willelmus de Lanval�in maritagium cum Gunnora sorore ipsius Willelmi de Lunval", to "Willelmo de Bello Campo" by charter dated 20 Jun 1207[512].� �Willielmus de Bellocampo, filius Simonis de Bellocampo� confirmed his father�s donations to Chicksand priory, for the souls of �patris mei Simonis�et matris me� Isabell� et uxoris me� Gunnor� et fratrum�meorum�, by undated charter[513].� Bracton records a claim, dated 1232, by "Johannes de Burgo et Hawisia uxor eius" against "Willelmum de Bello Campo" claiming the return of "manerium de Brumlegha�hereditatem ipsius Hawisie" which had not been transferred to her after the death of "Gunnoram de Lanualay quondam uxorem suam" and which "Hawisia de Lamualay quondam uxor Willelmi de Lanualay�avie ipsius Hawisie" was granted as "dotem�de dono ipsius Willelmi quondam viri sui"[514].� m ([20 Jun] 1207) as his first wife, WILLIAM de Beauchamp Baron of Bedford, son of JOHN de Beauchamp & his wife --- (-1260).�

c) RANULF de Lanvalay (-after 1185).� �Willelmus de Lamualei� granted �Hamertonam post decessum domine Clementie� to �Radulfo de Lamualei filio meo juniori�, to hold �de Guillelmo de Lamualei filio meo�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei, Olivero...Guillelmo clerico...�[515].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi de Lamualei� confirmed �decimis...in terris...quas Eudo dapifer eis dedit vel alii antecessores mei scilicet Hamo de Sancto Claro et Willelmus frater eius videlicet terram de Berleia que dicitur Edgareslawe et Grenestede et Belkerne et ecclesiam de Hamertune� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei...Guillelmo clerico...�[516].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi de Lamualei miles� donated �terram...ad Galweidone in Lexedene...pro dimidia virgata terre quam Clementia avia mea...pro anima matris mee Gunnore de maritagio suo in Westone donaverat� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �Radulfo de Lamualei...Guillelmo clerico...�[517].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi� donated �terre in manerio meo de Walcra...� to Colchester St. John, for the salvation of �mea et Hawisie uxoris mee� and the souls of �patris mei Willelmi et matris mee Gunnore�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei...�[518].� Ranulf may have died before the charter witnessed by his supposed brother John (see below).�

d) [JOHN de Lanvalay (-after [Jul] 1199).� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi de Lamualei� donated �ecclesiam de Walcra� to Colchester St. John, for the salvation of �mea et uxoris mee Hauuis� and the souls of �patris mei Willelmi et matris mee Gunnore�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Johanne de Lamualei...�[519].� A claim by �Johe de Lanualai� against �Sim le Bret� is recorded in [Jul] 1199[520].� �Willelmus de Lamualey� donated �terram...Eddrihichescroft de feodo de Stanweia...� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Galfrido de Boclond, Brienno Arsic, Johanne de Lamualei, Willelmo de Lamualei...Galfrido fratre meo......�[521].]�

2. [brother .� m ---.� One child:�

a) WILLIAM de Lanvalay (-after 1185).� �Willelmus de Lanvalei� confirmed the donation of �decimis...in terris...quas Eudo dapifer eis dedit vel alii antecessores mei...Hamo de Sancto Claro et Willelmus frater eius...terram in Berle que dicitur Adgareslau et Grenestede et ecclesiam de Hamertune� made to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �Willelmus clericus nepos domini Willelmi de Lanvalei, Radulfus de Lanvalui...�[522].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �terram quam tenuit �dgarus Treissolz extra muros Colecestrie et in Balkerne gardinum� to Colchester St. John, with the consent of �uxoris mee Gunnore et heredis mei Willelmi�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Robertus de Valuines, Radulfus de Lamualei, Oliuer de Lamualei, Radulfus filius Pain, Willelmus de Lamualei clericus...�[523].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� granted �Hamertonam post decessum domine Clementie� to �Radulfo de Lamualei filio meo juniori�, to hold �de Guillelmo de Lamualei filio meo�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei, Olivero...Guillelmo clerico...�[524].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi de Lamualei� confirmed �decimis...in terris...quas Eudo dapifer eis dedit vel alii antecessores mei scilicet Hamo de Sancto Claro et Willelmus frater eius videlicet terram de Berleia que dicitur Edgareslawe et Grenestede et Belkerne et ecclesiam de Hamertune� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei...Guillelmo clerico...�[525].� �Willelmus de Lamualei filius Willelmi de Lamualei miles� donated �terram...ad Galweidone in Lexedene...pro dimidia virgata terre quam Clementia avia mea...pro anima matris mee Gunnore de maritagio suo in Westone donaverat� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �Radulfo de Lamualei...Guillelmo clerico...�[526].�

3. RANULF [I] de Lanvalay .� �Willelmus de Lanvalei� confirmed the donation of �decimis...in terris...quas Eudo dapifer eis dedit vel alii antecessores mei...Hamo de Sancto Claro et Willelmus frater eius...terram in Berle que dicitur Adgareslau et Grenestede et ecclesiam de Hamertune� made to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �Willelmus clericus nepos domini Willelmi de Lanvalei, Radulfus de Lanvalui...�[527].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �terram quam tenuit �dgarus Treissolz extra muros Colecestrie et in Balkerne gardinum� to Colchester St. John, with the consent of �uxoris mee Gunnore et heredis mei Willelmi�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Robertus de Valuines, Radulfus de Lamualei, Oliuer de Lamualei, Radulfus filius Pain, Willelmus de Lamualei clericus...�[528].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� granted �Hamertonam post decessum domine Clementie� to �Radulfo de Lamualei filio meo juniori�, to hold �de Guillelmo de Lamualei filio meo�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei, Olivero...Guillelmo clerico...�[529].� The Testa de Nevill�s list of Berkshire landholdings in 1212 includes [his grandson] �Willelmus de Lanvalei tenet c solidatas terre in Blacgrave sine servicio nominato quam Rex Henricus pater dedit Radulfo avo suo�[530]. �m ---.� The name of Ranulf�s wife is not known.� Ranulf [I] & his wife had [three] children:�

a) [RANULF [II] de Lanvalay (-[3 Sep 1199/1212]).� �Robertus de Valoniis� confirmed donations to Binham monastery by �Petrus de Valoniis avus meus et Rogerus pater meus et Petrus de Valoniis frater meus et domina Agnes mater mea�, with the advice of "domin� Agnetis matris me� et Had�wis� uxoris me�", by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lanvalei...�[531].� An order dated 3 Sep 1199 relates to land of �Willo de Lanuallai et Rad de Lanualai� in Huntingdonshire and Berkshire[532].� The chronology suggests that Ranulf [II] de Lanvalay was another son of Ranulf [I] de Lanvalay, maybe his older son as the entry referring to his daughter precedes that in which his supposed brother William is named in the Testa de Nevill for Berkshire dated 1212 (quoted below).]� m ---.� She was heiress of Eastbury, Berkshire, as shown by the extract from the Testa de Nevill dated 1212 which is quoted below.� An indication of her family origin may be provided by another holder of Eastbury who is named in the Testa de Nevill list of fees in Berkshire, dated [1242/43], which includes "Gilbertus de Marisco in Estbir dimidium feodium, Henricus de Hynton in Estbir iii partes feodi"[533].� It is possible that her name was HAWISE:� an order dated 16 May 1221 records that "Hawise de Lanvallay gives the king the third part of 23 for summoning William de Hastings before the justices...order to the sheriff of Oxfordshire"[534].� The Pipe Roll 1223 includes land of �Hawise de Lanval...de fine suo. Ricardus Walensis...de fine suo� in Essex and Hertfordshire[535].� It is unlikely that this entry relates to Hawise, daughter and heiress of William [IV] de Lanvalay (see above), who is referred to elsewhere in the same Pipe Roll as being in the guardianship of Hubert de Burgh (�Huberto de Burgo cum herede Willelmi de Lanvalet...in Schaftebir� in Dorset).� The entry for Hawise in Essex/Hertfordshire is followed directly by Richard le Waleys, who is recorded elsewhere in the same Pipe Roll as having custody of the heir of Ranulf [II] de Lanvalay and who later married his daughter Matilda (see below), which suggests a close connection between this Hawise and Ranulf [II], possibly as his widow.� Another entry in the Pipe Roll 1223 includes �Hawisa de Lanval debet terciam partem de xxiii li. pro summonendo Willelmo [named �Willelmus f. Tustani� in a similarly phrased record in the previous entry but one] sicut continetur ibidem� in Essex and Hertfordshire[536].� Ranulf [II] & his wife had one child:�

i) MATILDA de Lanvalay .� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Berkshire, dated 1212, which includes "x libratas terre in Estbir cum filia Radulfi de Lanvalei et herede, per finem quem fecit cum domino Rege Johanne sine servicio nominato, quam Henricus Rex pater dedit antecessoribus uxoris sue"[537]. �The Pipe Roll 1223 includes land of �Ricardo Walensi...in Estbir cum filia et herede Radulfi de Lanvalet. Et Willelmo de Lanvalet...in Blakegrave...� in Berkshire[538].� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Berkshire, dated to [1226/28], which includes "Matildis de Langvalay est de donatione domini regis et est maritata Ricardo Walensi; terra eius in [Lamburne] hundredo valet per annum x.l"[539].� Henry III King of England pardoned "Gilbertus de Marisco" for marrying "Matildem de Lannvaley, que fuit de dono regis" and ordered the sheriff of Berkshire to transfer �terra sua...de hereditate predicte Matildis in Estbir� to him, dated 1231[540].� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of fees in Berkshire, dated 1234, which includes "dimidia marco de dimidio feodo Radulfi de Lanvaleye in Estbere...et dimidia marca de feodo Gileberti de Mariscis in Estbery"[541].� m firstly (before [1226/28]) RICHARD le Waleys, son of [ROBERT le Waleys & his wife ---].� m secondly (1231 or before) GILBERT de Mareis, son of --- (-after [1242/44]).

b) WILLIAM [III] de Lanvalay (-after 29 Sep 1223).� An order dated 3 Sep 1199 relates to land of �Willo de Lanuallai et Rad de Lanualai� in Huntingdonshire and Berkshire[542].� His parentage is confirmed by the Testa de Nevill which lists landholdings in Berkshire, dated 1212, including �Willelmus de Lanvalei tenet c solidatas terre in Blacgrave sine servicio nominato quam Rex Henricus pater dedit Radulfo avo suo�[543]. ��Willelmus de Lamualey� donated �terram...Eddrihichescroft de feodo de Stanweia...� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Galfrido de Boclond, Brienno Arsic, Johanne de Lamualei, Willelmo de Lamualei...Galfrido fratre meo......�[544].� The Pipe Roll 1223 includes �Willelmus de Lanval� among those owing �de prestito Pictavie� in Essex and Hertfordshire, and land of �Ricardo Walensi...in Estbir cum filia et herede Radulfi de Lanvalet. Et Willelmo de Lanvalet...in Blakegrave...� in Berkshire[545].�

c) [GEOFFREY de Lanvalay (-after 27 Jun 1223).� The Patent Roll 1223 records a claim by "Galfridum de Laumvaley" against �Galfridum Arsyc� relating to land �in Blaggrave� in Berkshire, dated 27 Jun �anno nono�[546].� William [III] de Lanvalay is also named in connection with the same place (see above), which suggests a close relationship between him and this Geoffrey.� If that is correct, this Geoffrey was a different person from Geoffrey de Lanvalay (who is named elsewhere in the same Patent Roll) who was the brother of William [IV] (see above).]�

4. [OLIVER de Lanvalay .� �Willelmus de Lamualei� donated �terram quam tenuit �dgarus Treissolz extra muros Colecestrie et in Balkerne gardinum� to Colchester St. John, with the consent of �uxoris mee Gunnore et heredis mei Willelmi�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Robertus de Valuines, Radulfus de Lamualei, Oliuer de Lamualei, Radulfus filius Pain, Willelmus de Lamualei clericus...�[547].� �Willelmus de Lamualei� granted �Hamertonam post decessum domine Clementie� to �Radulfo de Lamualei filio meo juniori�, to hold �de Guillelmo de Lamualei filio meo�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulfo de Lamualei, Olivero...Guillelmo clerico...�[548].]�

LAVAL

HUGUES [II] de Laval, son of [HUGUES [I] de Laval & his wife ---] (-before 1130).� The chronology suggests that there must have been two persons named Hugues de Laval in the late-11th and early 12th centuries.� Hugues de Laval (named Hugues [I] de Laval, above), son of Hamon Seigneur de Laval, is named in a charter dated 11 Nov 1039.� It is therefore unlikely that he could have been the same person as Hugues [II] de Laval whose death is dated to before 1130.� It is possible that Hugues [II] was the son of Hugues [I].� An undated charter, dated to the early 12th century, under which the nuns of Ronceray confirmed an agreement, is witnessed by "Hugues de Laval, qui nunc dominium tenebat"[549], which suggests that Hugues acted as regent during the minority of Guy [III] Sire de Laval.� The Lindsey Survey, dated to [1115/18], records "Hugh de Laval" holding land in Great and Little Coates, Hackthorn and other places[550].� "Hugo de la Val" confirmed the donation by "Robertus de Laceio tempore regis Willilmi secundi" and added his own donation to Pontefract abbey, for the salvation of "conjugis me� et liberorum meorum", by charter dated to [1121/29][551].� According to Dugdale�s Monasticon, Henry I King of England granted Pontefract castle to "Hugo de la Val" after Robert de Lacy was banished, and "Empress" Matilda restored the castle to Robert�s son, so dated to the early 1140s[552].� If Robert de Lacy�s death is correctly estimated to [1093/99], his banishment must have occurred during the reign of King William II.� The timing of King Henry I�s granted to Hugues de Laval is therefore uncertain.�

m as her first husband, DAMETA, daughter of --- (-after 1130).� The 1130 Pipe Roll names "Wido de Laval" followed immediately by "Willo Maltverso" in Northumberland, and in another passage records that "Wills Maltvers" owed money to the king for "uxore Hug de Laval" and for the latter�s land[553].� The 1130 Pipe Roll names "Damete" in Oxfordshire[554].� She married secondly (1129) William Maltravers.� "Willelmus Maltravers" donated property to Pontefract abbey, with the consent of "uxore mea Dalmeta", by charter dated to [1130/36][555].�

Hugues & his wife had [two or more] children:�

1. [GUY de Laval (-after 1130).� The 1130 Pipe Roll names "Wido de Laval" followed immediately by "Willo Maltverso" in Northumberland[556].� This suggests a close family relationship between the two, probably that Guy was William�s stepson.� The fact that Hugues de Laval did have children is shown by the charter dated to [1121/29] under which "Hugo de la Val" confirmed the donation by "Robertus de Laceio tempore regis Willilmi secundi" and added his own donation to Pontefract abbey, for the salvation of "conjugis me� et liberorum meorum"[557].� Domesday Descendants says that Guy was the same person as Guy [III] de Laval[558].� However, the later references to the name Laval in England suggests that this may not be the case.� same person as�?� GUY de Laval (-after 1167).� The Red Book of the Exchequer 1166 names "Wido de Lanval" as one of the forty knights` fees of "Henricus de Lascy" who held "veteri feodo Pontis Fracti" from the king, and lists the ten knights who held from him[559].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Guido de Laval xx m" in Yorkshire in [1167/68][560].� m ---.� The name of Guy�s wife is not known.� Guy & his wife had [two] children:�

a) [GUY de Laval (-after 1212).� The Red Book of the Exchequer names "Guido de Valle xxl" among those who paid scutagium in "Everwiksira" in 1171/72[561].� The Red Book of the Exchequer names "Guido de Laval xl" with "xx milites" among those who paid scutagium in "Eboracsira" in 1190/91[562].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "de his qui non habent capitales honores�Guidone de Lanval" paying "x s" in Oxfordshire[563].� The Red Book of the Exchequer names "Guido de Laval xxl" with "xx milites" among those who paid scutagium in "Eboracsira" in 1194/95 and 1196/97, "Guido de Laval xl m" in 1199/1200, and "Wido de la Val xx milites" in 1201/02[564].� The Red Book of the Exchequer names "Guido de Laval" among "isti habent quietantiam per brevia" in 1196/97[565].� The Red Book of the Exchequer names "Wido de Laval iim et dimidium marcam" in "Lincolnesira" in 1196/97[566].� The Red Book of the Exchequer names "Guido de Laval, i feodum et dimidium, per Vicecomitatum" in "Oxoneforddschira" in 1199/1200[567].� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Wido de la Val" held "Haskebi et Ravendale et Wada et Brichisle" in Lincolnshire[568].]�

b) [GILBERT [I] de Laval (-after [1171/72]).� The Red Book of the Exchequer 1166 names "Gilbertus de Lanval" declared to Henry II King of England that "antecessores mei" held two knights` fees in Northumberland "tempore Regis H avi vestri" and that he still held them, and in other passages "Gilbertus de La Val, Calverdone" with two knights, and "Gillebertus de Laval" with two fees in "honor et ward� Novi Castri"[569].� The Red Book of the Exchequer names "Gilbertus de Laval xls" among those who paid scutagium in "Northumberlande" in 1171/72[570].]�

2. other children .� "Hugo de la Val" confirmed the donation by "Robertus de Laceio tempore regis Willilmi secundi" and added his own donation to Pontefract abbey, for the salvation of "conjugis me� et liberorum meorum", by charter dated to [1121/29][571].�

1. GILBERT [II] de Laval (-[30 Sep 1219/29 Jan 1229]).� It is not known whether Gilbert [II] de Laval was the same person as Gilbert [I] de Laval named above.� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records "Gillebertus de Laval" holding "baroniam de Calverdona" in Northumberland which had been held by "omnes antecessores sui�post conquestum Anglie"[572]. �Henry III King of England ordered "Gillebertus de Laval�" to enquire into the state of the forests "Norhumberland" dated [Jul] 1219[573].� "Gilbert de la Val" paid a fine for "having a pone" concerning his claim relating to services from "Roger of Holywell", dated 30 Sep 1219[574].� m ---.� The name of Gilbert�s wife is not known.� Gilbert & his wife had two children:�

a) EUSTACE de Laval (-before 16 Mar 1258).� "Eustace de la Val" paid homage to the king "for the two knights� fess that Gilbert de la Val his father held of the king in chief in Callerton, Dissington and Seaton" in Northumberland, dated 29 Jan 1229[575].� A writ dated 16 Mar "42 Hen III", after the death of "Eustace de la Val alias de Laval" names "Henry de Laval his brother, aged 60 and more, is his heir" and manors in Northumberland "Calverdon, Discington and Seton�Halywell held of Sir John Balliol in free marriage without service, Hertelawe�Echewic town" and "bound to John de Laval in 7 marks rent for life"[576].�

b) HENRY de Laval ([1197/98]-after 1258).� A writ dated 16 Mar "42 Hen III", after the death of "Eustace de la Val alias de Laval" names "Henry de Laval his brother, aged 60 and more, is his heir"[577].�

2. JOHN de Laval (-after 1258).� A writ dated 16 Mar "42 Hen III", after the death of "Eustace de la Val alias de Laval" states that he was "bound to John de Laval in 7 marks rent for life"[578].�

3. HUGH de Laval (-after 24 Feb 1281).� Under a writ dated 24 Feb "9 Edw I" Hugh de Laval complained of lands taken into the king�s hands after the death of "Maud sometime the wife of Hugh de Valle alias Laval", naming "Philippa the wife of Roger de Lancaster and Margery late the wife of Nicholas Corbet are her next heirs and of full age� and noting that �the said Hugh begot four sons of the said Maud, who died before her death�[579].� m ([Oct 1262/1267]) MATILDA de Bolebec, daughter of HUGH de Bolebec & his wife Tiphaine --- (Sep 1249-before 24 Feb 1281).� A writ dated 23 Oct "46 Hen III", after the death of "Hugh de Bolebek alias de Bolebech" records "his daughters�and Maud aged 13 and 1 month who is at Angerton with lady Teffan alias Thephan her mother�are his heirs"[580].� An undated writ "52 Hen III", after the death of "Richard de Muntfichet", records that "he had 3 sisters, Margery, Avelina and Philippa, from Margery issued Hugh de Bolebek, who had four daughters married to Roger de Lacastre, Nicholas Corbet, Hugh de Laval and Walter de Huntercumbe"[581].� A writ dated 20 Feb "3 Edw I", after the death of "Avelina late the wife of Edmund the king�s brother", names as heirs of "Richard de Munfichet�his three sisters, the first sister Margery married Hugh de Bulebec, and from them issued Hugh de Bulebec who had four daughters, Philippa married to Roger de Lancastre, Margery married to Nicholas Corbet, Alice married to Walter de Huntercumbe, and Maud married to Hugh de la Valle�"[582].� Under a writ dated 24 Feb "9 Edw I" Hugh de Laval complained of lands taken into the king�s hands after the death of "Maud sometime the wife of Hugh de Valle alias Laval", naming "Philippa the wife of Roger de Lancaster and Margery late the wife of Nicholas Corbet are her next heirs and of full age� and noting that �the said Hugh begot four sons of the said Maud, who died before her death�[583].� Hugh & his wife had four children:�

a) four sons (-before 1281).� Under a writ dated 24 Feb "9 Edw I" Hugh de Laval complained of lands taken into the king�s hands after the death of "Maud sometime the wife of Hugh de Valle alias Laval", naming "Philippa the wife of Roger de Lancaster and Margery late the wife of Nicholas Corbet are her next heirs and of full age� and noting that �the said Hugh begot four sons of the said Maud, who died before her death�[584].�

LIMESEY

Loyd indicates that this family originated in Lim�sy in the present-day French d�partement of Seine-Maritime (previously Seine-Inf�rieure), arrondissement Rouen, canton Pavilly[585].�

1. RALPH [I] de Limesey .� "�Edward Sheriff of Wilts., Hugo Sheriff of Hants, Robert de Oilli, Constable, Ralph de Mortimer, Robert Malet, Roger de Ivry pincerna, Walter de Lacy, Ralph de Limesey, Humphrey the Chamberlain, the dapifer of the count of Ponthieu, Geoffrey son of Hersendis�" witnessed the charter dated to [1078/87] under which William I King of England notified the grant of land by the bishop of Winchester to the king�s cook[586].� Domesday Book records �Ralph de Limesy� with land-holdings in Somerset; holding Caldecote and Pirton in Odsey Hundred and Amwell in Hertford Hundred in Hertfordshire; land in Collyweston in Northamptonshire; several properties in Nottinghamshire[587].� �Radulfus de Limesey� founded Hertford priory, with the consent of �uxore sua et filiis suis�, by undated charter, dated to the late 1080s[588].� m ---.� The name of Ralph�s wife is not known.� Ralph [I] & his wife had [two] children:�

a) RALPH [II] de Limesey .� �Radulfus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, with the consent of �Hadwisi� uxori su��, by undated charter, witnessed by "Raerus filius domini, Robertus de Statford nepos domini�"[589].� Henry I King of England confirmed the donation to Hertford priory by "Radulphi de Limsey" by charter dated to [1100/07][590].� m HAWISE, daughter of ---.� �Radulfus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, with the consent of �Hadwisi� uxori su��, by undated charter, witnessed by "Raerus filius domini, Robertus de Statford nepos domini�"[591].� Ralph & his wife had two children:�

i) RAHER de Limesey .� �Radulfus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, with the consent of �Hadwisi� uxori su��, by undated charter, witnessed by "Raerus filius domini, Robertus de Statford nepos domini�"[592].�

ii) ALAN de Limesay (-after 1129).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Alan de Limesei�tra patris sui" in Hertfordshire[593].� �Alanus de Limesey� confirmed donations to Hertford priory by �pater meus Radulphus de Limesy�pro anim� uxoris su� Hadewis� matris me��, for the souls of "filii mei", by undated charter[594].�

-�� see below.�

b) [ .� The identity of the mother of "Robert de Statford" is not known.� Domesday Descendants suggests that the wife of Nicholas de Stafford, son of Robert [I] de Stafford & his wife [Avice de Clare], was "probably the daughter of Ralph I de Limesey"[595].� This speculation is presumably based on the undated charter quoted below, on the assumption that "Robertus de Statford" was the same person as Robert [II] de Stafford, son of Nicholas de Stafford and his wife Matilda ---.� It is not certain that the name "Statford" was the same as "Stafford".� Other possible family origins of Matilda are discussed more fully in the document ENGLAND, EARLS created 1207-1466.]� m ---.� One child:�

i) ROBERT de Statford .� �Radulfus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, with the consent of �Hadwisi� uxori su��, by undated charter, witnessed by "Raerus filius domini, Robertus de Statford nepos domini�"[596].�

ALAN de Limesey, son of RALPH de Limesey & his wife Hawise --- (-after 1129).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Alan de Limesei�tra patris sui" in Hertfordshire[597].� �Alanus de Limesey� confirmed donations to Hertford priory by �pater meus Radulphus de Limesy�pro anim� uxoris su� Hadewis� matris me��, for the souls of "filii mei", by undated charter[598].�

m ---.� The name of Alan�s wife is not known.�

Alan & his wife had two children:�

1. GERARD de Limesey (-after 1161).� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Girard de Limesye ii m" in Warwickshire, Leicestershire in [1161/62][599].� �Gerardus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, for the souls of �uxoris me� Amici� et Johannis filii mei�, by undated charter witnessed by "Halen. de Bidun, Amicia uxore mea, Trianno fratre meo�"[600].� m AMICE de Bidun, daughter of HALENALD de Bidun & his wife --- ([1124/25]-after 1185).� �Gerardus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, for the souls of �uxoris me� Amici� et Johannis filii mei�, by undated charter witnessed by "�Trianno fratre meo�"[601].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records �Amicia de Limesia�lx annorum�filia Haveladi de Bid[une]�, adding that she has �ii filios milites quorum primogenitus�Johannes de Limesia�[et] plures�filias�[602].� Gerard & his wife had [five or more] children:�

a) JOHN de Limesey (-1193).� �Gerardus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, for the souls of �uxoris me� Amici� et Johannis filii mei�, by undated charter witnessed by "�Trianno fratre meo�"[603].� �Johannes de Limeisi� confirmed donations to Hertford priory by �Radulfus de Limeisi avus patris mei�pater meus Girardus�Alanus de Limesi avus meus�, by undated charter witnessed by "�Alano de Limeisi fratre meo�"[604].� Lord of Cavendish, Suffolk.� m as her first husband, ALICE de Harcourt, daughter of ROBERT [I] de Harcourt & his wife Millicent de Camville (-after Sep 1212).� She married secondly ([1196/98]) as his second wife, Waleran Earl of Warwick.� The 1198/99 Pipe Roll records "Robert de Harcurt" in Warwick and Leicestershires and �the Earl of Warwick accounts for 100 marks for having to wife Robert de Harecurt�s daughter, widow of John de Limesi�[605].�

b) ALAN de Limesey .� �Johannes de Limeisi� confirmed donations to Hertford priory by �Radulfus de Limeisi avus patris mei�pater meus Girardus�Alanus de Limesi avus meus�, by undated charter witnessed by "�Alano de Limeisi fratre meo�"[606].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records �Amicia de Limesia�lx annorum�filia Haveladi de Bid[une]�, adding that she has �ii filios milites quorum primogenitus�Johannes de Limesia�[et] plures�filias�[607].�

c) BASILIA de Limesey (-after [1 Jun] 1225).� Her parentage and marriage are indicated by a document dated [29 Oct] 1223 which� records a claim against "Hugh de Hoddingesele and Basilia his wife...along with David de Lindesi� relating to charters of �Alan de Lymesia and Gerard his son father of said Basilia and grandfather of said David�[608].� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Essex, dated 1219, which includes "Basilia de Limisi est de donatione domini regis et est maritata Hugoni de Hodesell per dominum Regem Johannem et valet terra eius in Kavenedis c.s"[609].� Court papers dated [1 Jun] 1225 record a claim by the prior of Hertford against "Hugh de Oddingesele and Basilia his wife� concerning �the advowson of the church of Kavenedisse whereof the K. [Henry III] claims by reason of the heir of David de Limesi, who was in the K�s custody and a coparcener of Basilia in John de Limesi�s heritage��[610].� m HUGH de Odingselles, son of --- (-1239).�

d) ELEANOR de Limesey (-before 1223).� Her parentage and marriage are indicated by a document dated [29 Oct] 1223 which� records a claim against "Hugh de Hoddingesele and Basilia his wife...along with David de Lindesi� relating to charters of �Alan de Lymesia and Gerard his son father of said Basilia and grandfather of said David�[611].� m as his second wife, WILLIAM de Lindsay, son of WALTER de Lindsay & his wife --- (-after [1200]).�

e) one or more daughter .� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records �Amicia de Limesia�lx annorum�filia Haveladi de Bid[une]�, adding that she has �ii filios milites quorum primogenitus�Johannes de Limesia�[et] plures�filias�[612].�

2. TRIAN de Limesey .� �Gerardus de Limesey� donated property to Hertford priory, for the souls of �uxoris me� Amici� et Johannis filii mei�, by undated charter witnessed by "�Trianno fratre meo�"[613].�

1. ROBERT de Limesey (-after 1129).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Robt de Limesia" in Hampshire (twice)[614].�

1. GEOFFREY de Limesey .� m ---.� Geoffrey & his wife had three children:�

a) WALTER de Limesey .� His parentage is confirmed by a claim dated 1220, recorded by Bracton, by "Vitalis Engaun et Rogerus Gernet" against "Willelmum de Cantelupo et Maziliam uxorem eius" which recites that "Gaufridus de Limeseia" had "unum filium Walterum�et duas filias Beatriciam et Matillidem"[615].�

b) BEATRICE de Limesey .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a claim dated 1220, recorded by Bracton, by "Vitalis Engaun et Rogerus Gernet" against "Willelmum de Cantelupo et Maziliam uxorem eius" which recites that "Gaufridus de Limeseia" had "unum filium Walterum�et duas filias Beatriciam et Matillidem", that Beatrice married "Reginaldus"[616].� m REYNOLD FitzUrse, son of RICHARD FitzUrse & his wife Matilda de Boulers (-[1171/75]).�

c) MATILDA de Limesey .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a claim dated 1220, recorded by Bracton, by "Vitalis Engaun et Rogerus Gernet" against "Willelmum de Cantelupo et Maziliam uxorem eius" which recites that "Gaufridus de Limeseia" had "unum filium Walterum�et duas filias Beatriciam et Matillidem", that "Eliam de Bello Campo" was "filium et heredum ipsius Matillidis"[617].� m --- de Beauchamp, son of ---.�

2. AMABILIS de Limesey (-after 27 May 1205, maybe after [1224/Jun 1225]).� "Amabil q fuit ux Hug Bard" paid a fine not to be constrained to marry and agreed to marry only with the consent of the king "quamdiu sit vidua pro morte Johannis de Braosa quondam viri sui", in Warwickshire, dated 27 May 1205[618].� The significance of the phrase in which John de Briouse is named in this document is difficult to determine.� The literal translation presents no problems: �for so long as she may be a widow because of the death of her late husband John de Briouse�.� Her marriage to John obviously took place before May 1205, but does this phrase mean that he was already dead?� Read literally, if Amabilis was already John�s widow, she would only cease to be such if she died or remarried.� Remarriage would breach the term imposed by the king, if without his consent.� The reference to John would therefore seem irrelevant for the purposes of the document: if he was already dead, why not simply write �Amabil q fuit ux Johannis de Braosa�?� Another possibility is that the document was anticipating what would happen if her current husband (John) died at some time in the future.� The wording is consistent with that case as well, i.e. John would become �quondam� in the future but was not so in 1205.� However, it seems unlikely that King John would impose a condition contingent on a future event, when he could easily impose another fine in the future when that event happened.� Another factor is introduced by the charter dated [1224/Jun 1225] which is quoted below: if John had died before May 1205, why would Amabilis wait 20 years before issuing the confirmation (unless that document was in fact reporting events which happened years earlier)?� Neither of these possibilities seems to provide a satisfactory explanation for the wording of the 27 May 1205 charter.� Until further evidence comes to light, the only safe conclusions are that Amabilis died after 27 May 1205, maybe after [1224/Jun 1225], and that her second husband died before 1224, maybe before 27 May 1205.� "Amable de Limesie�post obitum Johannis de Brawose quondam viri mei" confirmed grants of land to "Benedicto filio Murielis", in accordance with earlier grants made by "Gaufridi de Limesie et Johannis de Limesie antecessorum meorum" to "Alexandro filio Thony" who held the land "tempore Radulfi de Limesie et predictorum Gaufridi et Johannis de Limesie", by charter dated to [1224/Jun 1225][619].� m firstly [as his second wife,] HUGH Bardolf, son of --- (-[1200]).� m secondly (after [1200]) JOHN de Briouse, son of --- (-before 1224, maybe before 27 May 1205).�

1. --- de Limesey (-before 1225).� m [as her --- husband,] ISABELLA, daughter of --- (-after [1 Jun] 1225).� Court papers dated [1 Jun] 1225 record a claim by "Ralf de Limesi� against �Walter Cumin and Margery his wife� for �three parts of a knight�s fee in Saperton� and that �Isabella, mother of the said Ralf and Margery, acknowledges that she claims nothing therein but dower�[620].� The disputes between her two children suggest that they may have been half-siblings, born from different marriages of their mother.� [Two] children:�

a) RALPH de Limesey (-after [1 Jun] 1225).� "Hameria wife of Walter Cumin of Hunderschete in the county of Somerset" made a claim against �Ralf de Limesie�, dated [19 Jun] 1221, which also names her husband[621].� Court papers dated [1 Jun] 1225 record a claim by "Ralf de Limesi� against �Walter Cumin and Margery his wife� for �three parts of a knight�s fee in Saperton� and that �Isabella, mother of the said Ralf and Margery, acknowledges that she claims nothing therein but dower�[622].�

b) [MARGERY (-after [1 Jun] 1225).� "Hameria wife of Walter Cumin of Hunderschete in the county of Somerset" made a claim against �Ralf de Limesie�, dated [19 Jun] 1221, which also names her husband[623].� Court papers dated [1 Jun] 1225 record a claim by "Ralf de Limesi� against �Walter Cumin and Margery his wife� for �three parts of a knight�s fee in Saperton� and that �Isabella, mother of the said Ralf and Margery, acknowledges that she claims nothing therein but dower�[624].� As noted above, the legal disputes between Margery and her brother suggest that they may not have been full siblings, maybe born from two marriages of their mother.� m WALTER Comyn, son of --- (-after [1 Jun] 1225).]�

1. --- de Limesey .� m ---.� [Four or more] children:�

a) AMABILIS de Limesey (-before 23 Nov 1224).�� A document dated to [1225/26] records that "the heirs of Amabilis de Limesi owe...of her fine not to be compelled to marry�, that �Hugh de Oddingseles and Basilia his wife� owe a debt, and that �David son and heir of David de Lindesi, who has one of Amabilis�s sisters� owes part[625].� m ---.� The name of Amabilis�s husband has not been ascertained.� Two children:�

i) son .� A document dated 23 Nov 1224 records that "the heirs of Amabilis de Limesi owe...for their mother that she may not be constrained to marry�, noting that �the K. of Scotland has one of the heirs...Hugh de Oddingeseles has another�[626].� A document dated 1 Feb [1225?] records that "the heir of Amabilis de Limesi owes...for his mother� and that �David son of David de Lindesi another heir of Mabilia de Limesi owes...�[627].�

ii) --- (-[23 Nov 1224/1 Feb 1225]).� A document dated 23 Nov 1224 records that "the heirs of Amabilis de Limesi owe...for their mother that she may not be constrained to marry�, noting that �the K. of Scotland has one of the heirs...Hugh de Oddingeseles has another�[628].� The document dated 1 Feb [1225?] quoted above indicates that there was only one surviving child of Amabilis at that date.�

b) CHRISTIANA de Limesey (-after [25 Jun] 1241).� Her family origin and marriage are indicated by a document dated to [1225/26] which records that "the heirs of Amabilis de Limesi owe...of her fine not to be compelled to marry�, that �Hugh de Oddingseles and Basilia his wife� owe a debt, and that �David son and heir of David de Lindesi, who has one of Amabilis�s sisters� owes part[629].� A document dated to [15 Apr] 1241 records that "Christiana widow of David de Lindesye, who had a writ for her dower versus Gerard de Doddingeseles in Bradefelde...is not present�[630].� Her second marriage is indicated by the following document, assuming that �Bradewelle� is the same as �Bradefelde� which is named in the document dated [15 Apr] 1241.� "Robert de Pinkeny and Cristiana his wife� sued several individuals concerning rights of land, including �Simon the clerk of Bradewelle� relating to land �in Bradewelle in Oxfordshire which...they claim as Cristiana�s dower�, dated 13 May 1241[631].� The marriage is also indicated by a document dated 16 May 1241 which records a claim by "Robert de Pinkeny and Cristiana his wife� against �Gerard de Oddingeseles�[632], who is also named in the [15 Apr] 1241 document.� "Robert de Pinkeny and Cristiana his wife� sued �Henry de Pinkeny� relating to land �in Whichinton which...they claim as Cristiana�s dower�, dated [25 Jun] 1241[633].� m firstly DAVID de Lindsay, son of DAVID de Lindsay & his wife Margery --- (-before [15 Apr] 1241).� m secondly ([Apr/13 May] 1241) ROBERT de Pinkeney, son of ---.�

c) daughters .� The existence of two or more other daughters is indicated by a document dated to [1225/26] which records that "the heirs of Amabilis de Limesi owe...of her fine not to be compelled to marry�, that �Hugh de Oddingseles and Basilia his wife� owe a debt, and that �David son and heir of David de Lindesi, who has one of Amabilis�s sisters� owes part[634].�

1. NICHOLAS de Limesey (-after 1220).� The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land in the honour of Tickhill, dated to [1208/13]: "Nicholaus de Limessi" held "terram que fuit Willelmi de Lund cum herede Willelmi per ostriceriam"[635]. �Henry III King of England issued an order relating to a claim by "Nicholaus de Limese et Margareta uxor eius, Dionisia et Florencia sorores ipsius Margarete" against "priorem de Bergeveni" dated [Aug] 1220[636].� Bracton records a claim, dated 1220, by "Nicholaus de Limesia et Margeria uxore sua et�sororibus uxoris sue" against "Johannem de Balun" who failed to appear[637].� m MARGARET de Murdac, daughter of RICHARD de Murdac & his wife ---.� The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land in the honour of Tickhill, dated to [1208/13]: "Nicholaus de Limessi" held "terram que fuit Willelmi de Lund cum herede Willelmi per ostriceriam"[638]. �It is not known from this document whether the heiress of William de Lund was his daughter or a more remote relation.� Henry III King of England issued an order relating to a claim by "Nicholaus de Limese et Margareta uxor eius, Dionisia et Florencia sorores ipsius Margarete" against "priorem de Bergeveni" dated [Aug] 1220[639].� Bracton records a claim, dated 1220, by "Nicholaus de Limesia et Margeria uxore sua et�sororibus uxoris sue" against "Johannem de Balun" who failed to appear[640].

LINCOLN

1. COLSWEIN of Lincoln (-8 Jan ----).� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral records the death �VI Id Jan� of �Colsuanus pater Picoti�[641].� m ---.� The name of Colswein�s wife is not known.� Colswein & his wife had one child:�

a) PICOT [Ansfrid?] (-[24 Apr], after May 1111).� �Picotus filius Colwani Linc. cum uxore et quodam nepote�Ricardi et quadam nepte�Cecilia� donated revenue from "villa�Suttona et Luttona" to Spalding Monastery, in the presence of "ipso Pichoto uxore eius Beatrice�", by charter dated May 1111[642].� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral records the death �VIII Kal Mai� of �Ansfridus qui cognominatur Picotus�[643].� A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land �in Lincoln ecclesiam sancti Petr� by �Picotus�[644].� A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land �in Lincolnia�et le Hevedland� by �Picotus filius Colsuanni�[645].� m BEATRICE, daughter of --- (-7 Mar ----, after May 1111).� �Picotus filius Colwani Linc. cum uxore et quodam nepote�Ricardi et quadam nepte�Cecilia� donated revenue from "villa�Suttona et Luttona" to Spalding Monastery, in the presence of "ipso Pichoto uxore eius Beatrice�", by charter dated May 1111[646].� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral records the death �Non Mar� of �Beatrix uxor Picoti�[647].� Picot & his wife had one child:�

i) MURIEL .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated May 1111 which records that �Picotus filius Colwani Linc. cum uxore et quodam nepote�Ricardi et quadam nepte�Cecilia� donated revenue from "villa�Suttona et Luttona" to Spalding Monastery, in the presence of "ipso Pichoto uxore eius Beatrice�"[648].� Henry I King of England confirmed the possessions of Holy Trinity, Lessay, including the donations by "Robertus de Haia Ricardus et Eudonis nepos" [which appears to be garbled] with the advice of "Muriele uxoris sue et filiorum suorum Ricardi�Radulfi", by charter dated 1126[649].� Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Lessai, including donations by "Turstini Haldup et Eudonis filii eius" confirmed by "Roberti de Haia et Murielis uxoris sue et Richardi et Radulfi filiorum eorum", by charter dated [1185/Jan 1188][650].� m [as his second wife,] ROBERT de la Haye, son of RANULF & his wife --- ([1075/80]-[1150]).�

1. --- [de Lincoln] .� m ---, relative of Lucy (wife firstly of Ivo Taillebois).� According to a charter of Henri Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) issued in favour of her son Ranulf Earl of Chester dated 1153, Robert [I] Malet of Eye (see above) and Alan of Lincoln were both �avunculi� of Lucy Ctss of Chester: "H. dux Norm. et comes And." granted land to "Ranulfo comiti Cestrie", including "totum honorem de Eia sicut Robertus Malet avunculus matris sue" had held and "foeudum Alani de Lincol�qui fuit avunculus matris sue", by charter dated to [Jan/Apr] 1153[651].� The precise relationships between all these individuals have not yet been ascertained.� [One child]:�

a) [ALAN de Lincoln (-[1129/30]).� "�Alan de Lincola�Turald Papelleon�" witnessed the charter dated to [1094] under which William II King of England notified an agreement between William Bishop of Durham and Robert Earl of Northumberland[652].� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Alanus de Lincolnia" previously held property "in Catebi et in Kaillestorp�et in Wicham�in Kaillesterna�" in Lincolnshire and that "Ranulfus de Baiocis heres Alani de Lincolnia" granted part of it to "Rogero Punchardon" whose heirs still held it[653].] �m ---.� Alan & his wife had two children:�

i) MARGARET de Lincoln .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the undated charter under which her son �Hugo de Bajocis, filius Randolphi de Bajocis� confirmed the donations to Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire by "Randulphi patris mei et matris me� Margaret�", for the soul of "Alani de Lincolnia avi mei"[654].� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Rann Baioc" declaring returns for "filia Alani Linc" in Lincolnshire[655].� �Petrus de Golsa� founded Newhouse abbey, Lincolnshire, with the consent of "dominis meis Randulfo de Bajocis et uxore eius Margareta et filiis eorum Hugone et Alano", by charter dated to [1143/46], witnessed by "Acardo de Lincolnia�"[656].� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Alanus de Lincolnia" previously held property "in Catebi et in Kaillestorp�et in Wicham�in Kaillesterna�" in Lincolnshire and that "Ranulfus de Baiocis heres Alani de Lincolnia" granted part of it to "Rogero Punchardon" whose heirs still held it[657]. �m (before 1129) RANULF de Bayeux, son of --- (-1154).�

ii) daughter .� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Alan de Linc" returning for the dowry he gave to "Unfr de Albin cum filia sua" in Lincolnshire[658].� m HUMPHREY de Albini, son of ---.�

1. ALURED de Lincoln of Wareham, Dorset (-after 1129).� Domesday Book records �Alvred of Lincoln� holding land in Wymington in Bedfordshire; numerous properties in Lincolnshire[659].� "�Alured of Lincoln�" witnessed the charter dated to [1086] which notified a plea held by William I King of England concerning "William de Braiose" and F�camp abbey[660].� "�Alveradus de Lincoln�" witnessed the charter dated 27 Jan 1091 under which William II King of England confirmed the status of Bath abbey[661].� "�Aluuredi [de] Lincoln�" witnessed the charter dated to [1103/06] [marked "A forgery" in the compilation] under which Henry I King of England confirmed the status of Durham abbey[662].� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Alur Linc" in Dorsetshire[663].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Alvredus senior de Lincolnia" used to hold five knights` fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "Alvredus" now held the same[664].� m ---.� The name of Alured�s wife is not known.� She may have been MARGARET, daughter of --- (-10 Feb ----): The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral records the death �IV Id Feb� of �Margareta uxor Alueredi�[665].� Alured & his wife had [three] children:�

a) ROBERT FitzAlured (-after 1138).� "�Rotberti de Belmont, Rodulfi de Bec, Willelmi filii Girardi, Rogerii fratris Rodulfi, Gisleberti Crispini, Rotberti filii Alvuardi, Rotberti Marmion, Rodulfi Taisson, Rotberti Herneis, Ricardi de Baiocas�" witnessed the donation of "decimam Ansfredi Vill�" to Sainte-Trinit� de Rouen by "Gernagois et Albereda uxor eius, cum filiis suis Willelmo et Rotberto" by charter dated 1091[666].� "Robert de Lincolnia�my wife Benza and my son Alvred" donated "my land�Holne" to Montacute priory by undated charter[667].� m BENZA, daughter of ---.� Domesday Descendants cites the Life of Wulfric of Haselbury which names "Benza" as the wife of Robert FitzAlured[668].� There is some possibility that she may have been the sister of Samson de Lincoln: the History of the foundation of Haselbury priory, Somerset records that �Sampson de Lincolnia...avunculus Aluredi de Lincolnia� was �frater...uxoris Gulielmi domini de Haselberge�[669].� This passage suggests that Samson may have been the maternal uncle of Alured de Lincoln, and maybe half-brother of the wife of William de Haselbury: if Samson had been Alured�s paternal uncle, there would seem no reason to mention him at all as William�s wife would have been Alured�s aunt.� "Robert de Lincolnia�my wife Benza and my son Alvred" donated "my land�Holne" to Montacute priory by undated charter[670].� Robert & his wife had [five] children:�

i) ALURED de Lincoln (-1198).� "Robert de Lincolnia�my wife Benza and my son Alvred" donated "my land�Holne" to Montacute priory by undated charter[671].�

-�� see below.�

ii) [ROBERT FitzAlured (-after 1167).� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Robertus filius Alvredi Camerarii, dimidiam marcam" in Northamptonshire in [1167/68][672].� The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Roberto filio Aluredi" in Oxfordshire[673].]�

iii) ANDREW .� "Alvred de Lincoln" confirmed the donation of "the church and place of Holne" to Montacute priory made by "my father and Lady Benza my mother", for the soul of "my wife Albreda�my father Robert de Lincoln", by undated charter, witnessed by "Andrew my brother, Samson de Lincoln, Robert de Bosco, Robert de Antiochia, Peter my brother�"[674].�

iv) PETER .� "Alvred de Lincoln" confirmed the donation of "the church and place of Holne" to Montacute priory made by "my father and Lady Benza my mother", for the soul of "my wife Albreda�my father Robert de Lincoln", by undated charter, witnessed by "Andrew my brother, Samson de Lincoln, Robert de Bosco, Robert de Antiochia, Peter my brother�"[675].�

v) ALBREDA .� �Aluredus de Lincolnia�cum Albreda sorore mea facienda moniali� donated property to Clerkenwell St Mary�s by undated charter[676].�

b) RALPH FitzAlured (-after 1129).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Rad fil Alur" in Wiltshire[677].�

c) [SAMSON de Lincoln (-after 1166).� The History of the foundation of Haselbury priory, Somerset records that �Sampson de Lincolnia...avunculus Aluredi de Lincolnia� was �frater...uxoris Gulielmi domini de Haselberge�[678].� This passage suggests that Samson may have been the maternal uncle of Alured de Lincoln, and maybe half-brother of the wife of William de Haselbury: if Samson had been Alured�s paternal uncle, there would seem no reason to mention him at all as William�s wife would have been Alured�s aunt.� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Samson de Lincolnia" held one knight�s fee, and "ex novo feffamento�dimidium", from "Alvredi de Lincolnia" in Dorset[679].]�

ALURED de Lincoln, son of ROBERT FitzAlured & his wife Benza --- (-1198).� "Robert de Lincolnia�my wife Benza and my son Alvred" donated "my land�Holne" to Montacute priory by undated charter[680].� "Alvred de Lincoln" confirmed the donation of "the church and place of Holne" to Montacute priory made by "my father and Lady Benza my mother", for the soul of "my wife Albreda�my father Robert de Lincoln", by undated charter, witnessed by "Andrew my brother, Samson de Lincoln, Robert de Bosco, Robert de Antiochia, Peter my brother�"[681].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Alvredus senior de Lincolnia" used to hold five knights` fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "Alvredus" now held the same[682].� The document does not state that "Alvredus" was the son of "Alvredus senior", although entries in the same record in which a father/son relationship is proved by other sources suggest that this is probably correct.� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Alvredus de Lincolnia" held one knight�s fee in Dorset from the abbot of Cerne unjustly claimed by "Jordanus", and also list the other knights` fees he held in Dorset[683].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Alvredo de Lincolnia v m" in Somerset in [1161/62] and in [1167/68][684].� �Aluredus de Lincolnia�cum Albreda sorore mea facienda moniali� donated property to Clerkenwell St Mary�s by undated charter[685].� "Edgar surnamed Aquilinus" donated rent to Montacute priory made, in the presence of "Sir Alvred de Lincoln the patron of Holne and of the lady Albereda his wife", by undated charter, witnessed by "Sir Alvred de Lincoln, the lady Albreda his wife, and his son Sir Alvred the younger�"[686].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Alvredus de Lincolnia" among those granted delay in payment "per brevia" in Dorset, Somerset[687].�

m AUBREYE, daughter of ---.� "Alvred de Lincoln" confirmed the donation of "the church and place of Holne" to Montacute priory made by "my father and Lady Benza my mother", for the soul of "my wife Albreda�my father Robert de Lincoln", by undated charter[688].� "Edgar surnamed Aquilinus" donated rent to Montacute priory made, in the presence of "Sir Alvred de Lincoln the patron of Holne and of the lady Albereda his wife", by undated charter, witnessed by "Sir Alvred de Lincoln, the lady Albreda his wife, and his son Sir Alvred the younger�"[689].� A writ dated 8 Jun "48 Hen III", after the death of "Alfred de Lincoln", records that "Norton manor [Somerset] was given in free marriage with Aubrey, grandmother of the said Alfred"[690].�

Alured & his wife had two children:�

1. ALURED de Lincoln (-1240).� "Edgar surnamed Aquilinus" donated rent to Montacute priory made, in the presence of "Sir Alvred de Lincoln the patron of Holne and of the lady Albereda his wife", by undated charter, witnessed by "Sir Alvred de Lincoln, the lady Albreda his wife, and his son Sir Alvred the younger�"[691].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Alvredus de Lincolnia" holding 34 and a half knights� fees in Dorset, Somerset in [1210/12][692].� m MATILDA, daughter of ---.� A writ dated 8 Jun "48 Hen III", after the death of "Alfred de Lincoln", records that "Celes [Zeals] manor [Wiltshire] was given in free marriage with Maud, mother of the said Alfred"[693].� Alured & his wife had four children:�

a) ALURED de Lincoln (-before 8 Jun 1264).� A writ dated 8 Jun "48 Hen III", after the death of "Alfred de Lincoln", names "Robert son of Payn, son of Margery his eldest sister, Beatrice de Gouiz his second sister, and Albreda de Lincoln his youngest sister, all of full age, are his heirs"[694].� m JOAN de Nichol, daughter of ---.� A writ dated 8 Jun "48 Hen III", after the death of "Alfred de Lincoln", records that "the wife of the said Alfred [�Joan�Lady Joan de Nichole] shall have the manors of --- and Duntisse�Stafford [Dorset]"[695].�

b) MARJORY de Lincoln (-before 1264).� A writ dated 8 Jun "48 Hen III", after the death of "Alfred de Lincoln", names "Robert son of Payn, son of Margery his eldest sister, Beatrice de Gouiz his second sister, and Albreda de Lincoln his youngest sister, all of full age, are his heirs"[696].� m PAYN, son of ---.�

c) BEATRICE de Lincoln .� A writ dated 8 Jun "48 Hen III", after the death of "Alfred de Lincoln", names "Robert son of Payn, son of Margery his eldest sister, Beatrice de Gouiz his second sister, and Albreda de Lincoln his youngest sister, all of full age, are his heirs"[697].� m WILLIAM de Govis, son of ---.�

d) AUBREYE de Lincoln .� A writ dated 8 Jun "48 Hen III", after the death of "Alfred de Lincoln", names "Robert son of Payn, son of Margery his eldest sister, Beatrice de Gouiz his second sister, and Albreda de Lincoln his youngest sister, all of full age, are his heirs"[698].�

2. GEOFFREY .�

LISTON

This section, the Liston family who held the Grand Serjeancy of making the canestellos/wafers for the king�s coronation from before 1185 to after 1360, was researched and submitted to Medieval Lands in Nov 2019, Mar 2020, and Oct/Nov 2022 by Mark Alliston.�

Located in north-west Essex on the banks of the river Stour just north of Sudbury, Liston was first recorded in the will of �lffl�d daughter of �lfgar of Devon and wife of Ealdorman Byrhtnoth of Essex (see the document ENGLAND, ANGLO-SAXON NOBILITY).� In her will dated to [1000/1002], �lffl�d bequeathed �the land at Liston to �thelm�r my --- with meat and with men...�[699].� Maybe this was �thelm�r the Stout, son of �thelweard the Historian who wrote a latin version of the Anglo Saxon Chronicle at the request of Mathilde, abbess of Essen Abbey and granddaughter of Emperor Otto I and Eadgyth of Wessex.� Much of her estate was granted to Rouen Abbey by Edward the Confessor shortly after he succeeded to the throne[700].� At the time of Domesday, Liston was split into two manors, one in the hands of Hugh de Gournay who was tenant in chief in 1066, when the lord was Geoffrey Talbot.� The other manor was in the hands of Ilbod, brother of Arnoul de Hesdin.� Ilbod also held Barford in Oxfordshire, Donyland in Lexden Essex, Wickford in Barstable Essex and Witham in Essex, which he held with others under King William.�

Hugh de Gournay (d. 1093 on crusade) had a son Gerard whose eldest child was Amicia who married Richard Talbot, father of Geoffrey Talbot of Yorkshire.� This gives the possibility that when Gerard died, one Liston manor could have passed to the Talbots.� Geoffrey Talbot died in 1129 leaving a son Geoffrey by his wife Agnes.� There is some dispute about who Agnes was: David Crouch says she was probably a member of the Lacy family, The Complete Peerage stating that she was probably the daughter of Walter de Lacy.� Katherine Keats-Rohan suggests that she was the daughter of Helto (dapifer).� The younger Talbot sided with Matilda and was captured by King Stephen.� Little is known about Ilbod but it is known that his brother Arnoul married Emmeline widow of Walter de Lacy (see the document UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY D-K).� If Agnes was the daughter of Walter de Lacy, Arnoul de Hesdin would have been her stepfather and his son the brother-in-law of Geoffrey Talbot junior. When Arnoul�s son Arnoul was hanged by King Stephen, his lands could have passed to Geoffrey Talbot via his wife Agnes. This Geoffrey, also a strong supporter of the Empress Matilda, died around 1140 during the Anarchy. If Ilbod, Arnoul�s brother, had no issue his lands would also have passed to Geoffrey Talbot.� This could explain how the two manors of Liston were merged, presumably under Robert, father of Avicia (see below).� Another possibility is that the manor went to Arnoul�s daughter Adeline who was married to the High Stewart of Scotland, Walter Fitz Alan.

Much of the investigation into my research changed after a DNA test with FTDNA, my only confirmed match being a member of the Liston family from Edinburgh.� We are under SNP R-P312/S116 > Z40481 > ZZ11 > U152/S28 > L2/S139 > Z41150 > DF90, which indicates that� we share a common male ancestor from about 900 years ago[701].� The earliest known ancestor of the Scottish Liston family is Andrew Liston, c. 1714, of Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland who may be part of the Liston family mentioned in Hardy Bertram McCall�s book Memoirs of my Ancestors[702].� My descent comes from the line of Allistons at Bures St Mary where they lived from 1700 (my grandfather was born at Little Cornard just outside Sudbury about 6 miles from Liston), who probably descended from John Alliston of Ballyden (1680) just outside Sudbury, whose line can be traced through parish records to the marriage of John Alliston and Rachael Fyrmin in 1606 at Sudbury.� He was possibly a son of John Alliston and Joan Payne who married in Castle Hedingham in 1577 (St Nicholas parish records), although the 1578 parish birth records for St Nicholas, Castle Hedingham have �dest.� written on them indicating the descent is not proven[703].� The Alliston family are mentioned in land transactions around Castle Hedingham, and a �William Ellistoon� is mentioned in the will of the 13th Earl of Oxford, John de Vere[704].� �Lawrence Elliston� is mentioned in the will of the 15th and 16th Earls of Oxford and a �Lawrence Alston� is named in a letter from the 16th Earl granting him use of a manor in Cornwall[705].� Further reading on the Alliston/Elliston family, especially William, can be found in an article for the Victoria Genealogical Society by Gill Leslie[706].� Michael J. Wood also mentions the Ellistons of Castle Hedingham on the Ancestry of HRH The Duchess of Cornwall[707].�

�
The earliest known record of the surname Liston is in Scotland where Roger de Liston was active with land transactions around St Andrews between 1178 and 1188[708].� There seems to be a link between Liston-related names and St Andrews, as Simon de Liston was granted land by Bishop William Fraser of St Andrews in 1291[709] and Robert de Ayleston Archdeacon of Berkshire was proposed by King Edward III as Bishop of St Andrews.�

Godfrey the Chamberlain, named below, may have been Godfrey de Percy (clerk) who granted one ploughgate of land in Oxnam near Jedburgh to Whitby Abbey for the soul of Earl Henry[710].� Osbert chaplain of Oxnam witnessed a grant of land to Paisley Priory by Eschina, wife of Walter son of Alan [I] steward of the king of Scotland[711]� (see the document SCOTLAND KINGS).�� Another name on the witness list is Eilaf, a name used by some of the hereditary priests of Hexham.� Near Oxnam, just south of Melrose is a small manor called Elliston which was held by an Eilaf.� The church at Kirkliston was built and dedicated to St Cuthbert on 11 Sep 1244 by David de Bernham.� Eilaf was one of the hereditary priests who was father of �lred of Rievaulx who put forward King Henry II�s claim to the throne of England through St Margaret of Wessex.

1. ILBOD, son of --- (-after 1086).� �Ilbodus fr Ernulf de Hesd� is named among landholders in Oxfordshire in Domesday Book[712].� Ilbod was named as a tenant at Liston, Essex in Domesday Book[713].�

�

1. GEOFFREY [I] Talbot, son of --- ([1050/65]?-before 1130).� Domesday Book records �Geoffrey Talbot� holding Liston in Essex from "Hugh de Gournai"[714].� �Gausfridus Talebotus et uxor eius Agnes� donated part �de terra Fenge� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Sibilla domini filia� [who has not yet been identified][715].� An undated charter records an agreement between the abbot of Colchester St John and �Gaufridum Talebot et uxorem eius Agnetem et filium eorundem Gaufridum Talebot�, with the consent of �Ricardo Lundoniensi episcopo� [therefore dated to before 1127], relating to �ecclesia de Turrituna�[716].� He presumably died shortly before the 1129 Pipe Roll in which his son is recorded as making a fine for �terra patris sui� (see below).� m AGNES, daughter of --- (-after 1129).� �Gausfridus Talebotus et uxor eius Agnes� donated part �de terra Fenge� to Colchester St. John by undated charter, witnessed by �...Sibilla domini filia� [who has not yet been identified][717].� Keats-Rohan says that Agnes �used erroneously to be identified as a de Lacy� and that she was �possibly a daughter of Helto� (dapifer, recorded in Domesday Book as holding Swanscombe, Kent from Odo Bishop of Bayeux) but does not explain the reasoning, although in a later sentence she suggests that the connection between the Talbot and Lucy families would be explained if �Adeline or Adelisa, wife of Hugh de Lacy (d.a.1115), was the daughter of Geoffrey and Agnes�[718].� An undated charter records an agreement between the abbot of Colchester St John and �Gaufridum Talebot et uxorem eius Agnetem et filium eorundem Gaufridum Talebot�, with the consent of �Ricardo Lundoniensi episcopo� [therefore dated to before 1127], relating to �ecclesia de Turrituna�[719].� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Agnes uxor Gaufr Talebot" in Kent in respect of "dote et maritag suo"[720].� Geoffrey [I] & his wife had one child:

a) GEOFFREY [II] Talbot (-Hereford 22 Aug 1140, bur Gloucester).� An undated charter records an agreement between the abbot of Colchester St John and �Gaufridum Talebot et uxorem eius Agnetem et filium eorundem Gaufridum Talebot�, with the consent of �Ricardo Lundoniensi episcopo� [therefore dated to before 1127], relating to �ecclesia de Turrituna�[721].� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Gaufr Talebot" paying a fine in Kent for "terra patris sui"[722].� The Gesta Stephani Regis records the capture of "Galfridus�Taleboth, cognatusque illius Gislebertus de Laceio"[723].� The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "XI Kal Sep", dated to 1140, of "Galefridus Talebotus miles" and his burial "Glaorn�"[724].� "Walterus de Meduana" (married to Cecily, daughter of Sibylla de Lacy, possible cousin of Geoffrey [II] Talbot) confirmed to King Henry II that he held "in capite...xx milites" in Kent which �Galfridus Tallebot� had held on the death of King Henry I, dated 1166[725].�

The connection between Robert de Liston and the earlier lords of Liston shown above has not been ascertained.� A possible connection through the Lacy family is discussed in the Introduction, but there is still a missing generation.�

1. ROBERT de Liston ([before 1140]-before 1185).� He is named as father of Avice in the Rotuli de Dominabus entry quoted below.� No reference has yet been found to Robert in his own capacity.� His birth date is estimated from Avice�s suggested marriage date.� His name suggests that he held Liston in Essex.� m ---.� The name of Robert�s wife is not known.� Robert & his wife had one child:�

a) AVICE de Liston (-after 1185).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records "Avicia de Listone que fuit uxor Godefridi Camerarii et filia Roberti de Liston", her land "valet xl solidos...et est hereditas eius", adding that �ipsa debet facere canestellos, ad summonitionem, ad festum Regis�, and having �i filium...xxi annorum�[726].� m ([before 1163]) GODFREY, son of --- (-before 1185).�

1. GODFREY ([1130/40?]-before 1185).� Chamberlain [in Scotland?]: �...Godfrey, chamberlain...� witnessed the charter dated to [1157/9 Dec 1165] under which William brother of the king of Scotland confirmed donations to Jedburgh abbey made by William de Vieuxpont[727].� He is named as deceased in his wife�s entry in the Rotuli de Dominabus quoted below.� m ([before 1163]) AVICE de Liston, daughter of ROBERT de Liston & his wife --- (-after 1185).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records "Avicia de Listone que fuit uxor Godefridi Camerarii et filia Roberti de Liston", her land "valet xl solidos...et est hereditas eius", adding that �ipsa debet facere canestellos, ad summonitionem, ad festum Regis�, and having �i filium...xxi annorum�[728].� Godfrey & his wife had one child:�

a) RANULPH [Ralph] FitzGodfrey ([1163/64]-[Acre] Jun 1191, bur Tripoli).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records "Avicia de Listone que fuit uxor Godefridi Camerarii et filia Roberti de Liston", her land "valet xl solidos...et est hereditas eius", having �i filium...xxi annorum�[729], which is assumed to refer to Ranulph.� Chamberlain: �...Radulfo, filio Godefridi, Camerario nostro...� witnessed the charter dated 24 Apr 1190 under which Richard I King of England confirmed property to Whitby abbey[730].� �...Radulfo filii Godefridi camerarii...� witnessed the charter dated 28 Jun 1190 under which Richard I King of England confirmed privileges of the citizens of Rouen[731].� Jailer of Isaac Emperor of Cyprus I: Benedict of Peterborough records the capture of Emperor Isaac and transfer to the custody of "Radulfo filio Godefridi, camerario suo", dated to late May/early Jun 1191 from the context[732].� Benedict of Peterborough records the death in Jun 1191 of "Radulfus filius Godefridi custos imperatoris de Cypra"[733].� Roger of Hoveden records the death in Jun 1191 of �Radulfus filius Godefridi, quem rex statuerat custodem imperatoris de Cypre� and his burial �apud Tripolim�[734].�

The chronology suggests that John [I] de Liston could have been the son of Ranulph FitzGodfrey but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.�

1. JOHN [I] de Liston (before 1192-).� He is named (presumably recently deceased) in relation to his unnamed heir in the [1212/17] source quoted below.� Assuming that his heir was his son, and assuming that the heir was the same person as Godfrey de Liston who is named below, John must have been before [1192] at the latest.� m ---.� The name of John�s wife is not known.� John [I] & his wife had one child:�

a) --- de Liston (-after [1212/17]).� The Red Book of the Exchequer lists "H�res Johannis de Listone tenet per serjenteriam faciendi canestellos" in Essex, dated to [1212/17][735].� The Testa de Nevill also names "Heres Johannis de Liston" in Essex, undated[736]. �The entries do not specify that the unnamed heir was the son of John de Liston, but the absence of his name suggests that he was a minor at the time and that the two could have been father and son.�

The chronology suggests that Godfrey de Liston could have been the unnamed heir of John [I] de Liston who was mentioned in the [1212/17] source quoted above but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.� Godfrey�s birth date is estimated from the birth date of his son John [II].��

1. GODFREY de Liston ([1200/10]-before 18 Apr 1267).�� [A charter dated Easter 1236 records a claim made by �Geoffrey de Liston� against �Robert de Sancto Claro� relating to the advowson of Liston church[737].� A charter dated Trinity 1237 [14 Jun] records a claim made by �Geoffrey de Liston� againsts �Roger Noel and Cristiana his wife� relating to rent of property �in Torendon�[738].� It is unclear whether �Geoffrey de Liston� was the same person as �Godfrey de Liston�, but this seems likely considering the interchangeability of the names.]� �...Godfrey of Liston...� is named as one of the pledges for �William de Blavigny, Simon and Robert, his brothers� in Essex, dated May 1242[739].� King Henry III granted �the manor of Kempton� to �Godfrey of Liston� dated 8 Nov 1248[740].� Keeper of Windsor forest: a document dated 30 Sep 1249 names �Godfrey of Liston keeper of the...forest [of Windsor]�[741].� The Fine Rolls include other entries which name Godfrey de Liston dated between 1249 and 1253[742].� A document dated 30 Oct 1255 records the appointment of �Godfrey de Liston king�s serjeant to keep the castle guards and all other things belonging to the castle of Windesor...�[743].� A document dated 1258 records the implication of �Godefridus de Lyston Ballivus Forestarii de Wyndesor� in a matter relating to Windsor forest[744].� Inquisitions following a writ dated 18 Apr "51 Hen III" after the death of "Godfrey de Liston� name �John his son aged 30 is his heir� and lists �Listone manor...Borle town...Corsfeld�Leitone�[745]. Liston was held from the King, Borle town from the Earl of Albermarle, Gosfield from the Earl of Oxford and Leighton from Hugh Neville.�� m ---.� The name of Godfrey�s wife is not known.� Godfrey & his wife had one child:�

a) JOHN [II] de Liston ([1236/37]-before 28 Oct 1303).� Inquisitions following a writ dated 18 Apr "51 Hen III" after the death of "Godfrey de Liston� name �John his son aged 30 is his heir� and list �Listone manor...Borle town...Corsfeld�Leitone�[746].�� ...Sir John de Liston...� witnessed the enrolment of grant by �Thomas de Ispania� to �Sir Ralph de Hengham�, dated 12 Jul 1281[747].� �John de Liston and Helewisia his wife� were granted �the custody...of the manor of Weston in Foxhirde, late of William de Monte Caniso of Edwardeston...�, dated 1 Feb 1292[748].� Inquisitions following a writ dated 28 Aug "31 Edw I" after the death of "John de Lyston alias de Liston� name �John his son aged 25 and more is his heir� and list �Liston...Gosefeld�[749].�� m HELOISE, daughter of --- (-after 28 Oct 1303).� �John de Liston and Helewisia his wife� were granted �the custody...of the manor of Weston in Foxhirde, late of William de Monte Caniso of Edwardeston...�, dated 1 Feb 1292[750].� An order dated 28 Oct 1303 assigned dower to �Helewisia late the wife of John de Lyston tenant in chief�, upon her swearing not to marry without the king�s licence in the presence of �John de Lyston son and heir of the said John if he choose to be present�[751].� John [II] & his wife had one child:

i) JOHN [III] de Liston� ([1267/79]-[12 Apr 1328/17 Oct 1332]).� Inquisitions following a writ dated 28 Aug "31 Edw I" after the death of "John de Lyston alias de Liston� name �John his son aged 25 and more is his heir� and list �Liston...Gosefeld�[752].��

-�� see below.�

JOHN [III] de Liston, son of JOHN [II] de Liston & his wife Heloise --- ([1267/79]-[12 Apr 1328/17 Oct 1332]).� Inquisitions following a writ dated 28 Aug "31 Edw I" after the death of "John de Lyston alias de Liston� name �John his son aged 25 and more is his heir� and list �Liston...Gosefeld�[753].�� He is named �aged 60 years� in the 12 Apr 1328 inquisition noted below, although the age could be inaccurate.� An order dated 28 Oct 1303 assigned dower to �Helewisia late the wife of John de Lyston tenant in chief�, upon her swearing not to marry without the king�s licence in the presence of �John de Lyston son and heir of the said John if he choose to be present�[754].� 8 Jul 1325 John de Liston complained to a commission led by John de Bousser, John Dyn and Robert de Asshele that John de Hokkewolde, William de Seintcler (Saintclaire) and others raided his manor of Liston damaging crops and took 10/- scutage that he had collected for the king to pay soldiers[755].� 20 Mar 1327, John witnessed with Sir John Bourchier, Sir William Fitz Ralph, Sir Thomas de Loveigne and others an act of homage and fealty by Maud late the wife of John Botetourte to Robert de Veer, Earl of Oxford at Castle Hedingham[756].� Inquisitions dated 12 Apr 1328 (�2 Edw III�) into the proof of age of �Margaret de Bovill daughter and heir of John de Bovill deceased� included evidence given by �John de Lyston knight aged 60 years�[757].� Inquisitions dated 12 Nov following a writ dated 17 Oct �6 Edw III� name �John his son aged 22 years and more is his next heir� (in the three first named properties) and list �Liston...manor with the advowson of the church�Foxherde...manor of Westonehall�Gosfeld�Rammesdenecreye...as of the inheritance of Eleanor his wife�Maldone a message held jointly by the said John, Eleanor his wife and Thomas their son�[758].� Maybe the John De Lyston who is mentioned in the Inquisition of Jon Joyce �Christiana his wife, daughter of Sir John de Liston, knight. �[759].�

[m firstly ---.� The suggested birth date of John [III]�s daughter Christiana suggests that she was born from an early marriage of her father.]�

[m secondly ---.� Two of the deceased�s properties are named separately with his wife and a younger son in the inquisitions after the death of John [III] de Liston, which suggests that an otherwise unrecorded earlier wife was the mother of his son and heir John [IV].� The difference between the estimated birth dates of John [III]�s daughter Christiana and his son John [IV] suggests that they may not have shared the same mother.]�

m [secondly/thirdly] ELEANOR, daughter of --- (-after 12 Dec 1332).� Inquisitions dated 12 Nov following a writ dated 17 Oct �6 Edw III� list ��Rammesdenecreye...as of the inheritance of Eleanor his wife�Maldone a message held jointly by the said John, Eleanor his wife and Thomas their son�[760].� An order dated 12 Dec 1332 assigned a third of �the manor of Lyston...of the manor of Westonehall in the town of Foxherde...[and] rent in Gosfeld� as dower to �Eleanor late the wife of John de Liston tenant in chief�, upon her swearing not to marry without the king�s licence in the presence of �John de Lyston, John�s son and heir�[761].�

John [III] & his [first] wife had one child:

1. CHRISTIANA de Liston ([before 1287]-[before 1319?]).� Her parentage and marriage are indicated by the following document, in which the phrase �in his second year� appears to refer to the second year of the reign of King Edward II (8 Jul 1307/7 Jul 1308) which indicates that Christiana�s father could not have been John [II] and was therefore presumably John [III].� A writ dated 12 Mar �18 Edw II� [1325] after the death of �John Joce� records �lands in Stanstede Abbots and Hunesdon co. Hertford and...in Suthwerk co. Surrey which John de Lyston by fine levied in the king�s court in his second year surrended to John Joce and Christiana his wife...�, the inquisitions naming �Thomas his son aged 22 and more is his next heir, lawfully begotten of Christiana his wife, daughter of Sir John de Liston, knight�[762].� The following document suggests that Christiana died before 1319, assuming that the same John Joce is named: inquisitions following a writ dated 8 May �9 Edw II� [1315] after the death of �John de Bryanzon...� record land �held jointly with Elizabeth his wife�, but also name �John Joce who has married the abovesaid Elizabeth� in a writ date 6 Nov �13 Edw II� [1319][763].� m ([1301/02] or before) [as his first wife,] JOHN Joce, son of --- (-before 12 Mar 1325).�

John [III] & his [first/second] wife had [two] children:

2. JOHN [IV] de Liston ([before 1310]-[21/27] Jul 1350).�� Inquisitions dated 12 Nov following a writ dated 17 Oct �6 Edw III� name �John his son aged 22 years and more is his next heir� (in the three first named properties) and list �Liston...manor with the advowson of the church�Foxherde...manor of Westonehall�Gosfeld�Rammesdenecreye...as of the inheritance of Eleanor his wife�Maldone a message held jointly by the said John, Eleanor his wife and Thomas their son�[764].� An order dated 12 Dec 1332 assigned a third of �the manor of Lyston...of the manor of Westonehall in the town of Foxherde...[and] rent in Gosfeld� as dower to �Eleanor late the wife of John de Liston tenant in chief�, upon her swearing not to marry without the king�s licence in the presence of �John de Lyston, John�s son and heir�[765].� In 1339, John was accused of the malversation of archers� wages[766].� �...John de Lyston...� witnessed the 30 Jan 1342 document recording a grant from Robert de Bourcher to John de Bourcher archdeacon of Essex his brother, and �...William de Liston...� witnessed another document (same date) from John de Bourcher[767].� An inquisition dated mid-Jan �24 Edw III� records �Willelmus Carbonel [chivaler]� holding �viii partem feodi in Gosfeld, quam Johannes de Liston aliquando tenuit�[768].� Documents dated Easter & Trinity 1346 record a lawsuit brought by �John son of John de Liston and Elizabeth daughter of William Carbonel knight, pl. by William de Elyngham their guardian� against defendants �John de Liston knight and Maud his wife def.� relating to land and revenue �in Gosfeld�, noting that the plaintiffs �and the heirs of their bodies� would pay annual rent to �def. and the heirs of John...with reversion to def. and the heirs of John�[769].� The plaintiffs in this lawsuit were John [VII] and his wife who are named below.� �...Sir John de Liston...� witnessed the charter dated May 1347 under which �William de Polhey, son of Ranulph de Mervile� transferred land to �John son of Sir Robert de Burghcher�[770].� Inquisitions following a writ dated 13 Dec �23 Edw III� after the death of �John de Liston� (�died on Thursday after St Margaret [20 Jul] last�) name �John his son aged 15 years is his heir� and list �Liston�Gosfeld�, and note that �Walter de Rouhey and John Edward� gave �the manor of Gosfeld� to �John de Liston and Maud his wife, likewise deceased� by charter dated �15 Edw III� and �to the said John son of John� 20 Apr �24 Edw III�[771].� m (before 1336) MAUD, daughter of --- (-[1346/50]).� Documents dated Easter & Trinity 1346 record a lawsuit brought by �John son of John de Liston and Elizabeth daughter of William Carbonel knight, pl. by William de Elyngham their guardian� against defendants �John de Liston knight and Maud his wife def.� relating to land and revenue �in Gosfeld�, noting that the plaintiffs �and the heirs of their bodies� would pay annual rent to �def. and the heirs of John...with reversion to def. and the heirs of John�[772].� Inquisitions following a writ dated 13 Dec �23 Edw III� after the death of �John de Liston� note that �Walter de Rouhey and John Edward� gave �the manor of Gosfeld� to �John de Liston and Maud his wife, likewise deceased� by charter dated �15 Edw III� and �to the said John son of John� 20 Apr �24 Edw III�[773].� Maud�s parentage has not been ascertained.� However, the reference to �John Edward� in these last inquisitions, read together with the testimony given by �Agnes Edward, godmother to the said John� in the proof of age of John [V] quoted below, suggest that Maud may have been related to the Edward family.� John [IV] & his wife had one child:�

a) JOHN [V] de Liston (2 Feb 1336-Normandy [25 Jan] 1360).� Inquisitions following a writ dated 13 Dec �23 Edw III� after the death of �John de Liston� (�died on Thursday after St Margaret [20 Jul] last�) name �John his son aged 15 years is his heir�[774].� An order dated 8 Jul 1350 restored �the manor of Gossefeld� to �John son of John de Liston�[775].� A writ dated 10 Aug �31 Edw III� ordered the proof of age of �John son and heir of John de Liston...whose lands are in the custody of Thomas de Liston�, and inquisitions �Wednesday after the Assumption 31 Edward III� noted that �the said John was 21 years of age on the feast of the Purification last...born at Liston�[776].� Inquisitions following a writ dated 20 Mar �33 Edw III� after the death of �John son of John de Liston� (died �in Normandy about the feast of the Conversion of St. Paul [25 Jan] last�) name �William de Liston his uncle on the father�s side aged 30 years and more is his heir� and describe Liston manor[777].� John De Vere 7th Earl of Oxford died on the same date and as John held Gosfield ( see above)� from De Vere for a Knights fee, the deaths may be connected.�

3. [BEATRICE de Liston (-before 13 Apr 1339).� Blomefield�s History of Norfolk records that �the Lady Beatrice de Lystone, a nun of this house� was installed as prioress of Thetford St George 13 Jun 1330, and died before 13 Apr 1339 when he successor was inatalled as prioress[778].� Assuming that Beatrice was the daughter of John [III] de Liston, the dates suggest that she probably shared the same mother as John [IV].]�

John [III] & his [second/third] wife had three children:�

4. THOMAS de Liston (-[10 Aug 1357/1359]). �Inquisitions dated 12 Nov following a writ dated 17 Oct �6 Edw III� list ��Rammesdenecreye...as of the inheritance of Eleanor his wife�Maldone a message held jointly by the said John, Eleanor his wife and Thomas their son�[779].� A writ dated 10 Aug �31 Edw III� ordered the proof of age of �John son and heir of John de Liston...whose lands are in the custody of Thomas de Liston�[780].� Thomas presumably died before [25 Jan] 1360 when his supposed younger brother William is named as heir of their nephew John [V] de Liston.�

5. WILLIAM de Liston ([before 1320]-[10 Feb 1361/14 May 1363]). �William�s parentage is confirmed by inquisitions following a writ dated 20 Mar �33 Edw III� after the death of [his nephew] �John son of John de Liston� name �William de Liston his uncle on the father�s side aged 30 years and more is his heir�[781].� William�s birth from his father�s supposed second marriage is indicated by the 14 May 1363 of his son Thomas, quoted below, which refers to �Rammesdene Craye� which was recorded in 1332 as the property of his father�s second wife as shown above. There was a dispute with King Edward III over Rammesdene Craye which Thomas eventually sold to Thomas Tyrell. It is likely that William was younger than Thomas, otherwise he would presumably have been the joint holder of property with his mother in 1332.� The estimated birth date of his son Thomas suggests that William was born before 1320.� �...John de Lyston...� witnessed the 30 Jan 1342 document recording a grant from Robert de Bourcher to John de Bourcher archdeacon of Essex his brother, and �...William de Liston...� witnessed another document (same date) from John de Bourcher[782].� A letter of protection mentions Instructions dated 10 Feb 1361 relating to the dower of �Maud who was the wife of John de Veer earl of Oxford� record �the fourth part of one knight�s fee in Gosford held by William de Lyston (at 25s)�[783].� The 14 May 1363 charter of his son Thomas, quoted below, suggests that William was deceased at the time.� [m firstly ---.� The inquisitions of William�s known wife Joan do not mention that his son Thomas was her son, suggesting that he may have been born from an earlier marriage.]� m [secondly] JOAN, daughter of --- (-19 Jun 1268).� Inquisitions following a writ dated 24 Sep �41 Edw III� after the death of �Joan late the wife of William de Lyston� (�she died on 19 June last�) record the manor of Liston �held for her life...the reversion belonged to Thomas son and heir of the said William...� and name �Thomas aforesaid aged 26 years and more is son and heir of the blood of the aforesaid Thomas [error for William]�[784].� William & his [first/second] wife had one child:�

a) THOMAS de Liston (before 1342-after 14 May 1363). �Inquisitions following a writ dated 24 Sep �41 Edw III� after the death of �Joan late the wife of William de Lyston� (�she died on 19 June last�) record the manor of Liston �held for her life...the reversion belonged to Thomas son and heir of the said William...� and name �Thomas aforesaid aged 26 years and more is son and heir of the blood of the aforesaid Thomas [error for William]�[785].� �Thomas son of William de Lyston of Rammesdene Craye� assigned land to �Thomas Tyrell knight of Estthorndon�, with �the reversion of...land...held in the name of dower by Joan who was wife of the said William�, by charter dated 14 May 1363[786].�

6. ALICE de Liston ([1320/25?]-). �Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by inquisitions into the proof of age of �Thomas son of John Baynard� taken �on the last day of February 33 Edw III�, �John de Naylingherst aged 44 years� said that he married �Alice daughter of John de Liston about Michaelmas in the king�s eleventh year�[787].� The date of her marriage suggests Alice�s birth in [1320/25], which in turn suggests that she was born from her father�s second marriage.� Alice was her husband�s second wife as shown by a writ dated 10 Aug �31 Edw III� which ordered the proof of age of �John son and heir of John de Liston...whose lands are in the custody of Thomas de Liston�, and inquisitions �Wednesday after the Assumption 31 Edward III� which noted that �John de Nayleghirst aged 48 years� said that he married �Alice daughter of John Glanvylle, on Thursday in Easter week, 10 Edward III�[788].� m ([29 Sep] 1338) as his second wife, JOHN de Naylinghurst, son of --- ([1315/16]-after Feb 1360). �

No family relationship has been confirmed between the following family group and the main Liston family shown above.� If there was a connection, the record of Nigel de Liston as �clerk� suggests that he was a junior member of the family who had come down in the world.� The documents quoted below relate to Long Melford, Suffolk which lies on the opposite bank of the river Stour to Liston in Essex.�

1. NIGEL de Liston .� He is named as �clerk� and father of Thomas in the three undated documents quoted below.� m ---.� The name of Nigel�s wife is not known.� Nigel & his wife had one child:�

a) THOMAS de Liston .� An undated document records that �Henry son of William de Elmeswelle� granted �land called �Varelond� in Meleford parish...� to �Thomas son of Nigel de Liston, clerk�[789].� An undated document records that �Henry son of William de Elmeswelle� granted �land called �Varelond� in Meleford parish...� to �Thomas son of Nigel de Liston, clerk, Alice his wife, and John and Simon their sons�[790].� m ALICE, daughter of ---.� An undated document records that �Henry son of William de Elmeswelle� granted �land called �Varelond� in Meleford parish...� to �Thomas son of Nigel de Liston, clerk, Alice his wife, and John and Simon their sons�[791].� An undated document records the �release by Alice, late the wife of Thomas, son of Negel de Liston, clerk� to �Sir William de Valence Earl of Pembroke� of her rights in lands �which he has by demise of the said Thomas in Melleford�[792].� Thomas & his wife had two children:�

i) JOHN de Liston .� An undated document records that �Henry son of William de Elmeswelle� granted �land called �Varelond� in Meleford parish...� to �Thomas son of Nigel de Liston, clerk, Alice his wife, and John and Simon their sons�[793].�

ii) SIMON de Liston .� An undated document records that �Henry son of William de Elmeswelle� granted �land called �Varelond� in Meleford parish...� to �Thomas son of Nigel de Liston, clerk, Alice his wife, and John and Simon their sons�[794].� Maybe he was the Simon de Liston who was rector at Bergh-Ampton in 1286[795], and possibly the Simon de Liston granted land in Scotland by Bishop William Fraser in 1292[796].�

The documents quoted below suggest that John [VI] was a different person from John [IV] de Liston who is named above.� He could have been a descendant of either Godfrey de Liston or John [II], although this does not adequately explain the basis for John [VII]�s 1346 claim relating to Gosfield (granted to John [IV] in 1342, see above).�

1. JOHN [VI] de Liston (-before 1346).� �...Joh. de Liston, militibus...� witnessed a charter dated 1343 concerning land �in Pentlow, Foxearth and the Belchamps in co. Essex�[797]: the date suggests that the witness may be John [VI].� He is named as father of John [VII] in the 1346 document quoted below, the naming of his son�s guardian suggesting that he was deceased at the time. �On the other hand, �John de Lyston� in the following document was a knight, suggesting that he may not have been John [VII] who may have been too young to� have been knighted: �John de Cogeshale, John de Lyston, knights...John atte Helle� witnessed the order dated 9 Jul 1347 which records an enrolment of release �by Thomas son of Thomas de Hepworth to Sir Robert de Bourcher� of certain land in Essex[798].� ��[An inquisition dated mid-Jan �24 Edw III� records �Willelmus Carbonel [chivaler]� holding �viii partem feodi in Gosfeld, quam Johannes de Liston aliquando tenuit�[799].� It is uncertain to which John de Liston this document refers (John [IV] or John [VI]?), but the wording suggests that he was deceased, which appears to favour John [VI].]� m ---.� The name of John�s wife is not known.� She may have been named HELEN: a charter dated 7 Apr 1325 records �Sir John de Lyston and Helen his wife�[800].� John [VI] & his wife had one child:�

a) JOHN [VII] Liston ([1326/30?]-[after 17 Feb 1352?]).� Documents dated Easter & Trinity 1346 record a lawsuit brought by �John son of John de Liston and Elizabeth daughter of William Carbonel knight, pl. by William de Elyngham their guardian� against defendants �John de Liston knight and Maud his wife def.� relating to land and revenue �in Gosfeld�, noting that the plaintiffs �and the heirs of their bodies� would pay annual rent to �def. and the heirs of John...with reversion to def. and the heirs of John�[801].� The defendants were John [IV] de Liston and his wife, named above.� [�William Carbonel knight, Thomas le Wayte and John de Allerston� acknowledged owing debts to �Richard de Thoresby keeper of the hanaper of chancery� in Suffolk, dated 17 Feb 1352[802].� The connection with William Carbonell suggests that �John de Allerston� may have been John [VII] Liston.]� m (before 1346) ELIZABETH Carbonell, daughter of WILLIAM Carbonell & his wife Margaret de Bovill.� Her father�s name and marriage are confirmed by the 1346 document quoted above under her husband.� Her supposed mother�s name is indicated by the 29 Apr 1491 Inquisitions cited below under Isabel, wife of Robert de Liston, which state that Robert was �cousin and heir of the bodies of William Carbonell, Knt. and Margaret his wife�.� The statement makes sense if (as suggested below) Robert [II] Liston was the direct descendant of John [VI] and his wife, in which case Elizabeth�s mother would have been the same Margaret.� This suggestion appears confirmed by an order dated 8 Jul 1328 which records the proof of age of �Margaret Bovill John�s daughter and heiress whom William Carbonel has married�[803].� It should also be noted that inquisitions dated 12 Apr 1328 (�2 Edw III�) into the proof of age of �Margaret de Bovill daughter and heir of John de Bovill deceased� included evidence given by �John de Lyston knight aged 60 years� [John [III] de Liston, see above][804].�

The reference to Gosfield, Essex (see above Godfrey de Liston and his son John [II], John [VI] and John [VII]) suggests that the following John Liston was a direct descendant of the earlier Liston family.� Maybe he was descended from John [VII] and was the ancestor of Robert [I] who is shown in the following section.�

1. JOHN Liston (-after 1428).� A list of inhabitants of Essex and their properties dated 1428 includes, in Hengford Hundred, �Johanne Lyston pro quarta parte un. f. m. in Gosfeld. Subsidium, xx. d.�[805].�

The connection with the Carbonell family, shown by the marriage of John [VII] de Liston and the Inquisitions after the death of Isabel, wife of Robert [II] Liston, suggests that Robert [I] was the direct descendant of John [VII].� The chronology suggests at least three intervening generations.�

1. ROBERT [I] Liston (-[after 1444]).� A lease dated 1444 between Robert Liston and William Pye of Badyngham names �Robert Liston sen Esq. and Robert Liston jun. Esq.�[806].� Records relating to the �Manor of Metton Parnowhall quondam Carbonells� name �Robert Lyston in 1434�[807].� Maybe bailiff of the Bishop of London in his manor of Bysshopeshalle in Chelmsford[808].� A deed dated 15 May 1441 names �Robert Liston and John Earl of Oxford�[809] amongst others.� m ---.� The name of Robert�s wife is not known.� As noted below, it is possible that she was related to the Carbonell family.� Robert [I] & his wife had [two] children:�

a) ROBERT [II] de Liston� (-[28 Sep 1478/1480]).� In 1445, Robert Lyston bought land in Brendewode [near Chelmsford][810].� He died before 1480, as noted below under his wife.� Blomefield�s History of Norfolk records the death [31 Aug 1428/30 Aug 1429] of �Sir Richard Carbonel...lord of Metton-Pirnowhall�, the death of his son John childless, and the succession of �Sir Robert Wingfield�, but noting that �in 1457 Robert Lyston Esq. presented as lord and heir to the Carbonels�[811].� The 1491 Inquisitions quoted below confirm Robert�s relationship with the Carbonell family.� The will of �Robert Lyston Esq...of Badingham�, dated 28 Sep 1478, bequeathed �the profits of this manor of Pernow-Hall to Isabel his wife to maintain John his son and to raise portions for his daughters�, proved 30 Jan 1484[812].� m ISABEL, daughter of --- (-before 29 Apr 1491).� Records relating to the �Manor of Metton Parnowhall quondam Carbonells� record �in 1480 Heveningham et al. conveyed it to Isabel widow of Robert Lyston, according to his will�[813].� Inquisitions after the death of Isabel Lyston 29 Apr 1491 show that John Hevenyngham, knt., John Heydon of Bakensthorp, Roger Drury, esq., Edmund Kervyle, citizen and grocer of London, and John Norfolk of Denyngton granted the manor of Badyngham; state that Robert Lyston Esq was cousin and heir of the bodies of William Carbonell, Knt. and Margaret his wife with the remainder to the heirs of the body of the said William and Margaret Carbonell with the remainder to Alice Duchess of Suffolk and John Duke of Suffolk her son and heir, name the daughters of Robert and Isabel �Joan wife of Robert Trase,� Elizabeth wife of Leonard Hyde, esq., Margery wife of William London, citizen and mayor of Norwich, Thomesine wife of John Goldyngham, esq., Margaret wife of Edward Rous, gent. � lists �Manor of Badyngham, manor of Benale�[814].� Robert [II] & his wife had six children (the five daughters are named with their husbands in their mother�s Inquisitions, quoted above):

i) JOHN Liston (-[30 Jan 1484/29 Apr 1491]).� The will of �Robert Lyston Esq...of Badingham�, dated 28 Sep 1478, bequeathed �the profits of this manor of Pernow-Hall to Isabel his wife to maintain John his son and to raise portions for his daughters�, proved 30 Jan 1484[815].� This documents indicates that John was a minor at the time.� He must have predeceased his mother in whose will he is not named.�

ii) JOAN Liston (-after 29 Apr 1491).� m ROBERT Trase, son of --- (-after 29 Apr 1491).�

iii) ELIZABETH Liston (-after 29 Apr 1491).� m LEONARD Hyde, son of --- (-after 29 Apr 1491).�

iv) MARGERY Liston (-after 29 Apr 1491).� m WILLIAM London, son of --- (-after 29 Apr 1491). �

v) THOMASINE Liston (-after 29 Apr 1491).� m JOHN Goldyngham, son of --- (-after 29 Apr 1491).�

vi) MARGARET Liston (-after 29 Apr 1491).� m EDWARD Rouse, son of --- (-after 29 Apr 1491). �

b) [JOHN Liston (-after 1487).� His suggested parentage is indicated by an Inquisition into the death of Ralph Briston who held the manor of Metton for a knights fee from John Liston[816], with which John�s supposed brother�s wife Isabel also had a connection (see above)[817].]�

John Alston�s connection with the Liston family is suggested by the following information[818].�

(1) Common connections with the Baynard family.� Richard Baynard is named below under John Alston�s wife, while Thomas Baynard granted land to John Alston as noted below.� �Thomas Baynard� (the same?) was on the witness list for the coming of age of Margaret Boville (see above under John [VII] de Liston).�

(2) Common connections with the �atte Helle� family.� �...John de Lyston [=John� [VII]] , knights...John atte Helle� witnessed the order dated 9 Jul 1347 which records an enrolment of release �by Thomas son of Thomas de Hepworth to Sir Robert de Bourcher� of certain land in Essex[819], see above, while John Alston was a major beneficiary under the 9 Jun 1395 will of �John atte Hille� (see below).�

1. JOHN Alston (-[1395/10 Jun 1402]).� �Thomas Baynard of Messyng� granted land �in Messing, Feering, Easthorpe and Birch� to �John Alston, of Legattes in Messyng�, dated 22 Jul 1370[820].� [The will of �John atte Hille, citizen and pinner of London�, dated 9 Jun 1395, bequeathed �pieces of silver...the remaining term...in the tenement...in which I live in Fleet Street...the residue of all my goods...� to �John Ayleston my kinsman�[821].� The chronology suggests that �John Ayleston� was John Alston.� His exact relationship with the testator has not been determined.� The will also refers to the tomb of the testator�s wife Alice.� Given the imprecise term �kinsman�, the relationship could have been through his wife.]� John is named as father of Robert in the source quoted below.� m as her first husband, AGNES, daughter of ---.� She married secondly (after 10 Jun 1402) John Rowland.� �Richard Baynard of Messyng� leased �two parts of a tenement called Alstones in Messyng� to �John Rowland and Agnes his wife, sometime the wife of John Alston of Messyng�, dated 10 Jun 1402[822].� John & his wife had one child:�

a) ROBERT Alston (-after 6 Mar 1431).� A deed dated 3 Feb 1418 names �Robert Alston son of John Alston�, lists �lands called Legattes in Messyng� also names �Henry Prentys�[823].� The close rolls 6 Mar 1431 record an order to the escheator of Essex to take fealty from Elizabeth late the wife of Lewis Robessart, listing �Messyng�, and naming �William Bourchier and Henry Bourchier, Knights� [whose family had been associated with the Liston family][824].� The document also names �William Savage�.� A land transaction in Chelmsford names �Robert Liston, William Savage and Thomas Prentys�[825].� �The witness list, coat of arms[826] and location provide an indication that Liston family and Alston family may be connected.�

LONDON

The origin of this family is uncertain.� Elodie Papin summarises 11th century mentions of supposed family members, including in Domesday Book.� She indicates that �de plus �Lundonia� co�ncidait avec le nom d�une pr�v�t� situ�e � Alen�on (Orne)� and highlights a charter concerning La Fert�-Bernard (Sarthe), dated to [1050-61], which was witnessed by �Bernardus Londons� together with �Gaultier Rufus de Bell�me, le lignage des Montgommery-Bell�me �tant seigneur d�Alen�on�[827].�

1. MAURICE (-1107).� His name, and mention in the annals of Margan [Glamorgan], suggest that Maurice may be related to the �London� family.� Bishop of London.� The Annales de Margan record the death in 1107 of �Mauricius Londoni� episcopus�[828].�

2. --- de London (-before [1129/30]).� The reference to his father in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll of his son Maurice suggests that the latter had recently succeeded to the land in question and therefore that his father had recently died.� No primary source has been found which names this person.� m ---.� One child:�

a) MAURICE [I] de London .� The 1129/30 Pipe Roll names �Mauricius de London� returning in Devonshire for �terre patris sui�[829].�

1. WILLIAM [I] de London .� He is named as father of Maurice in the 1141 sources cited below.� No primary source has been found which names William [I] in his own capacity.� m MATILDA, daughter of ---.� [Her grandson] �Willelmus de Londonia� confirmed the donation of �ecclesiam Sancti Michaelis de Eweny et ecclesiam Sanct� Brigid�� to Gloucester St Peter, made by �Mauricius de Londonia pater meus�, and donated �totam terram quam habuit Matilda mater patris mei de monte�, by charter dated to [1149/83][830].� William [I] & his wife had two children:�

a) MAURICE [II] de London (-after [1146], bur Margam).� Maurice [II] is shown here as different from Maurice [I], but it is possible that they were the same person.� �...Maur de Lund...� witnessed the 1126 charter which records an agreement between �Urbanum episcopum Landavensem� and Robert Earl of Gloucester relating to property in Wales[831].� Pope Honorius II addresed a bull dated 19 Apr 1128 to �...Mauritio filio Willelmi de Lundriis...per Landavensem episcopatum nobilibus�[832].� Robert Earl of Gloucester confirmed donations to Ewenny priory made by �Mauritius de Londonia et Gilebertus de Turbevilla� by charter dated to [1139/47][833].� A charter dated to [1139/48] confirms donations of �ecclesiam Sancti Michaelis et...Sanct� Brigid�� to Lancarvan made by �Mauricii de Londonia�[834].� �Mauritius de London filius Willielmi de London� donated �ecclesiam sancti Michaelis de Ewenny, ecclesiam sancti Bridgid�, cum capella de Ugemor de Lanfey.� Ecclesiam sancti Michaelis de Colveston...ecclesiam de Ostrenuwe in Goer.� Ecclesiam de Penbray, et ecclesiam S. Ismaelis� to Gloucester St Peter dated 1141[835].� Lord of Kidwelly: the Victoria County History of Berkshire records that �Maurice de London, son of William, was lord of Kidwelly at the end of the reign of Henry I, and was in possession of East Garton [Berkshire] about 1141�[836].� The date of Maurice�s acquisition of Kidwelly has not been found, although it was presumably after Roger Bishop of Salisbury [bishop 1102 to 1139] ceased to hold the property: the 28 Dec 1205 document, quoted below under William [IV], records that King Henry I granted Kidwelly to Roger Bishop of Salisbury.� This grant to the bishop is corroborated by �Rogerus...Sarisbiriensis episcopus� donating �[terram] apud Cadweli� to Sherbourne abbey by charter dated �XIV Kal Aug� [no year] (inspeximus in a charter dated 15 Oct 1301)[837].� �David Menevensi episcopo� [presumably David FitzGerald Bishop of St Davids [1147] to 1176] confirmed that �Mauritius de London� donated �agras circa ecclesiam sancti Cadoci� to Sherbourne, with the consent of �Willielmo de London filio meo�, by undated charter[838], presumably dated to before 5 Jun 1163, when Pope Alexander III included �ecclesiam sanct� Mari� de Cadweli� among the properties held by Sherbourne[839].� An epitaph at Margam records the burial [undated] of �Morice de Lundres le fundur.�[840].� m ADELAIS, daughter of ---.� �Willelmus de Londonia� confirmed the donation of �ecclesiam Sancti Michaelis de Eweny et ecclesiam Sanct� Brigid�� to Gloucester St Peter, made by �Mauricius de Londonia pater meus�, by charter dated to [1149/83], subscribed by �Adelays mater eius, Robertus de Cantilupo�[841].� Maurice [II] & his wife had [six] children:�

i) WILLIAM [II] de London .� �David Menevensi episcopo� [presumably David FitzGerald Bishop of St Davids [1147] to 1176] confirmed that �Mauritius de London� donated �agras circa ecclesiam sancti Cadoci� to Sherbourne, with the consent of �Willielmo de London filio meo�, by undated charter [dated to before 5 Jun 1163, see above][842].� �Willelmus de Londonia� confirmed the donation of �ecclesiam Sancti Michaelis de Eweny et ecclesiam Sanct� Brigid�� to Gloucester St Peter, made by �Mauricius de Londonia pater meus�, and donated �totam terram quam habuit Matilda mater patris mei de monte�, by charter dated to [1149/83], subscribed by �Adelays mater eius, Robertus de Cantilupo�[843].� Lord of East Garton. �Willelmus de Londonia� donated �decimam meam in Esgareston� [East Garton] to Hurley priory, Berkshire, for his father�s soul, and �me� et uxoris me��, by undated charter, witnessed by �Mauricio filio meo, Toma Pincerna, Simone de Bonarvilla...�[844].� �...Willielmo de Londiniis et Mauritio filio eius et Willielmo alio filio eius...� witnessed the undated charter under which �G. Esturmi...� donated property to Margan St Mary[845].� m SIBYLLA, daughter of WALERAN FitzWilliam & his wife Cecilia ---.� Papin names her �Sybille, fille de Gal�ran fils de Guillaume...seigneur de West Dean dans le Wiltshire�[846].� �W[al]terus Galeran� granted �totam terram quam teneo de feudo comitis Glovernie in Mersfelda� to �Pagano de Turbervilla� by undated charter, witnessed by �Cecilia matre Walteri Galeran et Sibilla filia sua, Willelmo de Londoniis, Ricardo fratre suo, Thoma de Londoniis et Waltero fratre suo et Johanne de Londoniis, Philippo Galeran, Galerano fratre suo...�[847].� William [II] & his wife had [four] children:�

(1) MAURICE [III] de London .� He witnessed his father�s undated charter cited above.� �...Willielmo de Londiniis et Mauritio filio eius et Willielmo alio filio eius...� witnessed the undated charter under which �G. Esturmi...� donated property to Margan St Mary[848].� �

(2) WILLIAM [III] de London (-[1 Apr 1204/29 Dec 1205]).� �...Willielmo de Londiniis et Mauritio filio eius et Willielmo alio filio eius...� witnessed the undated charter under which �G. Esturmi...� donated property to Margan St Mary[849].�

-�� see below.�

(3) SIBYLLE de London .� Papin records her parentage (no source cited)[850].�

(4) [daughter .� A document dated to [1203/05] records that �Alvredus filius Yvonis�, who married �Susianam primogenitam filiam Roberti Foliot�, gave �Wilelmo filio Radulfi in maritagium cum Albreda filia sua medietatem de Caldebir� et de Bacalre�, while �dicunt quod Gaufridus Foliot frater predicte Susanne� gave �terram de Buterle� to �Briano de Buterle...pro cruce sua ferenda Jerosolim�, that later �Willelmus de Lond� claimed �medietatem de Caldebir� from �predictum Brianum� and that �idem Brianus� married �filiam ipsius Willelmi� and that their heirs had �illam terram...de herede Willemi filii Radulfi�[851].� It is uncertain whether this document refers to the daughter of William [II] or William [III].� m BRIAN de Buterle, son of ---.]�

ii) [RICHARD de London .� Witness to the undated charter cited above under Sibylla, wife of William [II] de London, Papin indicates that he was William [II]�s brother[852].]� same person as...?� RICHARD [I] de London (-[late 1167?]).�

iii) [THOMAS de London .� Witness to the undated charter cited above under Sibylla, wife of William [II] de London, Papin indicates that he was William [II]�s brother[853].]�

iv) [WALTER de London .� Witness to the undated charter cited above under Sibylla, wife of William [II] de London, Papin indicates that he was William [II]�s brother[854].]�

v) [JOHN de London .� Witness to the undated charter cited above under Sibylla, wife of William [II] de London, Papin indicates that he was William [II]�s brother[855].]�

vi) BEATRIX de London .� �Beatrix filia Mauricii de Lond� confirmed the donation of �terra de Blakeneswrd...quam ego a prefato fratre meo michi in maritagium nominatam clamavi quando primo Ricardo Foliot fui desponsata� to Bristol St Augustine, for the souls of �Ricardo Foliot et Rand� de Lenz dominorum meorum et liberorum meorum�, by charter dated to [before 1154][856].� �Rannulfi de Lenchen [...filius Rogeri et uxor eius Beatrix de Lundoniis] et uxoris� confirmed the donation of Tytherington church to Llanthony, made by �predecessor nostri Ricardus Foliot�, with the consent of �Roberto filio Ricardi et uxore sua Hawisa filia...et herede prefati Ricardi Foliot�, by undated charter[857].� m firstly RICHARD Foliot, son of ---.� m secondly RANULF de Lenz, son of ROGER de Lenz[858] & his wife ---.�

b) MATILDA de London (-[1145], bur [Ewenny, transferred Llandaff[859]].� A letter of Gilbert Foliot Abbot of Gloucester records that �domne Matildis...de Lundoniis...presento viro suo� expressed the wish for burial at Ewenny, where �pater istius et mater� established the family�s right to burial [dated by Papin to �vers 1145�][860].� m ---.� He is referred to, but not named, in the source cited under his wife.�

The precise relationships between the following persons and the main London family have not been ascertained.�

1. THOMAS [I] de London (-after [1176/77]).� The 1176/77 Pipe Roll records in Nottinghamshire/Derbyshire �...in operatione domorum regis de Clipeston...per idem breve et per visum Thome de Lond et Rogeri filii Wilhelmi et Henrici de Welle [Oilly?] Buef�[861].� [It is not known whether the following document refers to Thomas [I]: an order in Yorkshire records inquisitions into �Hnr de Archis� complaining that �Will de Lond� had unjustly confiscated his lands and into a prior agreement involving �Thom de Lond�, dated to [Summer 1199][862].]�

2. JORDAN de London (-after 27 Mar 1206).� King John granted �avalag Thamisie apud Bray...molendino de Bray� to �Jordanus de Lond�, dated 27 Mar 1206[863].�

3. MAURICE de London (-after 1204).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been found.� A document dated 1204 records that �Mauric de Lond� made a fine for summoning �Rad de Brueria et Muriel uxor sua� at Westminster �inter ipsos tenentes et predictum Mauricium petente de morte antecessorum de feod dim mil i Heidon� [Dorset?][864].� same person as...?� MAURICE de London (-before 11 May 1220).� m as her first husband, EMMA, daughter of --- (-after 11 May 1220).� A document dated 11 May 1220 records that �Emma q fuit uxor Mauricii de Lond� made a fine to King Henry III for �sumonendo Johe de Dunesland� in court at Westminster to return to her �ei villas de Smitheha et de Ford...quas clamat ee jus et maritagius suus�, with a corresponding order to the sheriff of Devon[865].� She married secondly Roger de Hele.� �Rogerus de Hele et Emma uxor eius� claimed �terre...in Smitham et in Feida [Devon?] ut ius maritagium ipsius Emme...per Mauricium de Londonia primum virum ipsius Emme� from �Johannem de Dunessland�, the defendant summoning �Robertum de Londonia filium predicti Mauricii� to swear that he had transferred the property to him and give evidence about �in Devonia...manerium de Assele...predicta Emma mater predicti Roberti dotata�, dated 1228[866].� Maurice & his wife had one child:�

a) ROBERT de London (-after 1228).� He gave evidence in the 1228 trial cited above.�

WILLIAM [III] de London, son of WILLIAM [II] de London & his wife Sibylla --- (-[1 Apr 1204/29 Dec 1205]).� �...Willielmo de Londiniis et Mauritio filio eius et Willielmo alio filio eius...� witnessed the undated charter under which �G. Esturmi...� donated property to Margan St Mary[867].� Insufficient data points have been found to estimate the birth date of William [III] with any hope of accuracy.� [It is not known whether the following entries refer to William [III].� The 1173/74 Pipe Roll records �De Scvl Hybn� in Wiltshire �Wills de Lund...de Scut�[868].� The 1176/77 Pipe Roll records in Berkshire �Willelmus de Lond...de auxilio ad maritandum filiam regis, qui requirebatur in Wiltescr. In perdona per breve regis ipsi Willelmo��[869].]� Lord of Kidwelly, confirmed by King Henry II (see the 29 Dec 1205 document cited below under his son William).� [It is not known whether the following document refers to William [III]: an order in Yorkshire records inquisitions into �Hnr de Archis� complaining that �Will de Lond� had unjustly confiscated his lands and into a prior agreement involving �Thom de Lond�, dated to [Summer 1199][870].]� King John notified "Ham de Valon" that, "de infirmitate vestra", he ordered �ballum vestram totam hre� to �Willo de Lond�, dated 30 Mar 1202[871].� King John notified the sheriff of Wiltshire of pardoning �Will de Lond� from scutage payments, dated 1 Apr 1204[872].� William [III] presumably died before his son�s 28 Dec 1205 document cited below.�

m FLORENCE, daughter of --- (-after [1210/12]).� A document dated to [1210/12] records in Wiltshire, Sussex: �Florencia que fuit uxor Willelmi de Lond ponit loco suo Walterum Mauclerc vel Willelmum de Lond� versus Nicholaum de Limes� de placito quare ipse non reddit et saisinam unde fuit attornata...�[873].� She is referred to but not named in the undated charter of her son William [V], cited below.�

William [III] & his wife had [four] children:�

1. WILLIAM [IV] de London (-after 1210 [end 1211?], maybe after 16 Aug 1214).� Lord of Kidwelly.� King John ordered quiet possession of �terra Willemi de London de Cadwely, q fuit Rogeri episcopi Sarr�, as had granted �Rex H. p-arvus noster predicto Rogero et Rex H. pater noster Willo de Lond patri predicti Willelmi�, dated 28 Dec 1205[874].� King John granted "custodiam castrorum nostrorum de Kermedin et Cardigan" to "Willo de Lond", dated 9 Apr 1207[875].� �Willelmus de London�, with the consent of �matris mee et fratris mei Thomas de London�, confirmed �duas aquas Uggemore et Garewe...� to Margan St Mary by undated charter [dated to �circa 1250� in the compilation, which must be incorrect; Papin dates it to �vers 1205-1207�[876]], witnessed by �Thoma de Londoniis, Petro Pincerna, Radulfo de Cantelo...Willelmo de Cantelo...�[877].� �Willelmus de Londoniis� donated �unum burgagium in villa mea de Catweli quod Johannes filius Ragenilde tenet� to Margan St Mary by charter dated to �vers 1205-vers 1211�, witnessed by �Thoma de Londoniis, Johanne de Londoniis...Radulfo de Cantelo...�[878].� �Willi de Lond� was named in an order dated [22/23] Jul 1207[879].� Orders dated [May?] 1209 record (among other business) �Willo de London mil p custodia castri de Cairmarthin�, a similar document dated 1210[880].� �Willelmus de Londoniis� donated Llangeinor St Cein to Margan abbey by undated charter (dated to �vers 1180-vers 1211; vers 1210�), witnessed by �Willelmo de Cantelo...�[881].� The precise date of death of William [V] has not been ascertained.� Papin indicates that he died �vers la fin de l�ann�e 1211�, but cites no source which corroborates the suggestion[882].� [�...Willo de Lond� witnessed an order of King John dated 16 Aug 1214[883], although it is not certain that this entry refers to William [IV].]� No primary source has been found which records his marriage but, if he did marry, presumably William [IV] had no surviving descendants as Hawise, daughter of his supposed brother Thomas, was heiress to Kidwelly as noted below.�

2. THOMAS [II] de London (-[1211/15?]).� His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter of his daughter Hawise for Gloucester St Peter, cited below.� �Willelmus de London�, with the consent of �matris mee et fratris mei Thomas de London�, confirmed �duas aquas Uggemore et Garewe...� to Margan St Mary by undated charter [dated to �circa 1250� in the compilation, which must be incorrect; Papin dates it to �vers 1205-1207�[884]], witnessed by �Thoma de Londoniis...�[885].� �Thomas de Londoniis�, with the consent of �matris mee et fratris mei Willelmi de Londoniis� confirmed the donation made by �predictus frater meus Willelmus de Londoniis� to Margan St Mary by charter dated to �vers 1205-1207�, witnessed by �Pincerna Petro, Radulfo de Cantelo...�[886].� The primary source which confirms Thomas�s date of death has not been identified, but presumably he died soon after the birth of his daughter Hawise.� His apparent absence from sources dated after [1211] suggests that he may have predeceased his brother William or died soon afterwards.� m ([1210/11?]) as her second husband, EVA, widow of OLIVER de Tracy, daughter of --- ([before [1180/82?]-[Godstow?] after [1242/43]).� Follow her hyperlink for discussion about her possible birth family.� Stapleton records that �Oliver, son of Henry de Tracy...survived till 12 Joh. 1211, when Eva, his relict, wife first of Thomas de Londres, made proffer of 120 marks for assignation of dower and license of marrying at will� (no source citation)[887].� As noted above, Stapleton names Eva as �wife first of Thomas de Londres�.� This phrase does not appear in the original source which appears to be the following: the 1210/11 Pipe Roll records that �Eva que fuit uxor Oliveri de Traci� made a fine �pro habenda dota sua...de tenemento quod fuit Oliveri viri sui, et pro habendo maritagio suo�, and in a later entry that �Eva que fuit uxor Oliveri de Traci� owed a debt �pro habenda custodia filii sui heredis Oliveri de Traci cum tota terra quam habuit die qua obiit...�[888].� Thomas was therefore Eva�s second husband.� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Wiltshire to leave in peace (�in pace esse permittat�) �manerium de Hamedon ita qd Eva de Tracy et Hawis mater Oliveri fratris dni Reg...� (�...habebant inde ronable estuveriu suu sn wasto usq�?), in accordance with a council decision in London 29 Sep, dated 2 Oct 1217[889].� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Wiltshire to grant �plenam seisinam de terra de Hanedon...q habuit de baillio Com W. Mar rectoris nostri...cui Wills de London eam invadiavit p sexaginta marc�, noting that �terram illam habebat done Eva de Trasey q clamat terram illam e.e dotem suam�, to [Hawise�s son] �Olivero fratri meo� who �de predictis sexaginta marc satisfecit�, dated 14 Mar 1218[890].� The Testa de Nevill lists landholdings, dated 1219, which include "Eva de Trascey est de donatione domini regis et non est maritata, et valet terra eius in Esgarestona quam tenet de domino rege" in Berkshire "Rotulus esch�tarum... in hundredo de Launburn", and in Devonshire "terra sua de Bovy"[891].� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Berkshire �qd statim visis literis cap in manu dni R totam terram Fulconis fil Warini et Eve de Trascy et sororis sue in bailla sua� for (�pp�) �fil et hede Thom London que dno R detinent qui ee debet in custodia dni R�, dated 10 Jan 1219[892] (mistranslated by the Fine Rolls Project: "take into the king�s hands" the lands of "Fulk fitz Warin and Eva de Tracy and her sister on account of the son [error for daughter] and heir of Thomas de London, who they detain from the king")[893].� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Devon that, �[si] fil et heres Thom de Lond inventa fuerit in bailla sua� (unless in the custody of the king) or �si abducta fuerit a bailla sua�, he should take �in manu dni R...totam terram Eve de Trascy matris sue in bailla sua�, dated 26 Jan 1219[894].� "Eva de Tracy" paid a fine for "having a weekly market�at her manor of Bovey", dated 23 Oct 1219[895].� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Wiltshire to disseise �Eva de Trasey de terra sua q tenuit in dote in Baillia tua�, when he granted �saisina...Willo Crasso seniori de terris q fuerunt Thome de Lond in Bailla tua�, dated 7 Aug 1220[896].� King Henry III notified the sheriff of Wiltshire that �Eva de Trascy� had made a fine for �transgressione quam fecit erga nos eo qd maritavit Hawisiam filiam suam...sine licencia nostra�, dated 23 Jun 1222[897].� The Pipe Roll 1223 records �Eva de Tracy...quia maritavit Hawisam filiam suam sine licencia R. que fuit de donatione sue� owing in �Nova Oblata� in Devon[898].� �Eva de Tracy� is named in a document dated [1231/32][899].� The Testa de Nevill which lists "Feuda Fulconis Filii Warini" in Wiltshire which includes "Eva de Bassingeburn tenet in Westbur dimidium feudum i militis de Eva de Tracy, et ipsa de dicto Fulcone, et Fulco de rege in capite", dated to [1242/43][900], although it has not been confirmed that this entry refers to the same Eva de Tracy.� An undated document records the request for �nobili matrona, domina Eva de Tracy� to stay at Godstow nunnery[901].� Thomas [II] & his wife had one child:�

a) HAWISE de London ([1211/12?]-before 23 Sep 1273).� Her parentage is confirmed by her undated charter for Gloucester St Peter cited below.� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Berkshire �qd statim visis literis cap in manu dni R totam terram Fulconis fil Warini et Eve de Trascy et sororis sue in bailla sua� for (�pp�) �fil et hede Thom London que dno R detinent qui ee debet in custodia dni R�, dated 10 Jan 1219[902] (mistranslated by the Fine Rolls Project: "take into the king�s hands" the lands of "Fulk fitz Warin and Eva de Tracy and her sister on account of the son [error for daughter] and heir of Thomas de London, who they detain from the king")[903].� King Henry III ordered the sheriff of Devon that, �[si] fil et heres Thom de Lond inventa fuerit in bailla sua� (unless in the custody of the king) or �si abducta fuerit a bailla sua�, he should take �in manu dni R...totam terram Eve de Trascy matris sue in bailla sua�, dated 26 Jan 1219[904].� An undated document [between documents dated 26 Dec 1219 and 30 Dec 1219] records that �Willus Crassus primogenitus� made a fine to King Henry for �habiendo in uxorem filiam et heredem Thome de Lond�, payment guaranteed by ten named subscribers[905].� That undated document suggests that Hawise would marry William Crassus, although the next document mentions only his having her �maritagium�.� Her betrothal with William Crassus is therefore uncertain.� King Henry III notified the sheriff of Dorset and Somerset that �Willelmus Crassus� had made a fine for �habienda custodia terre q fuit Thome de London cum maritagio Hawisie filie et heredis ipsius Thome� and ordered him to transfer �eidem Willelmo omnibus terris...q fuerunt ipsius Thome in bailla tua plenariam saisinam�, dated 21 Jul 1220[906].� King Henry III notified the sheriff of Wiltshire that �Eva de Trascy� had made a fine for �transgressione quam fecit erga nos eo qd maritavit Hawisiam filiam suam...sine licencia nostra�, dated 23 Jun 1222[907]: it is not certain that this document relates to Hawise�s marriage with Walter de Briouse, maybe it refers to another otherwise unrecorded earlier husband.� Heiress of Kidwelly [Carmarthenshire] and Cadewathlan: Henry III King of England granted licence for the marriage of "Waltero de Braosa" and "Hawisie filie et heredis�Thome de London", with "honore de Kedewelli et de Cadewathlan�maritagium", dated 11 Jul 1223[908].� Henry III King of England issued an order relating to a claim by the abbot of Gloucester against "Walterum de Braosa et Hawisiam uxorem eius" about "ecclesia de Hanendon" dated 8 Jul 1226[909].� An order was made 14 Jun 1234 in favour of �Hawisia que fuit uxor Walteri de Breus� relating to �terris quibus idem Walterus et Hawisia disseisiti fuerunt�[910].� The Victoria County History of Berkshire records that Hawise de London �appears to have married� secondly Henry de Turberville Seneschal of Gascony (died [1238/40]) (no source cited)[911].� This marriage is confirmed by the Oct 1237 document cited below under her second husband.� The Annales de Theokesberia record the marriage in 1243 of �Patricius de Chawrthe� and �Hawisam dominam de Uggemore�[912].� �Hawisia de Londonia filia et heres Thome de Londonia...in ligia viduitate�mea� confirmed donations to Gloucester St Peter made by �Mauritius de Londonia antecessor meus�Willelmi de Londonia avi mei�Thome de Londonia patris mei�, in particular of �ecclesiam Sti Michaelis cum villa de Ewenny...ecclesiam Ste Brigide et ecclesiam Sti Michaelis de Colwinstone...et ecclesiam Sancti Ysmaelis...et ecclesiam Sancti Davidis...et ecclesiam de Pembray...et ecclesiam Sancti Elmi in Carnavan...et ecclesiam Sancti Johannis in Carwarlan...et ecclesiam de Egliskeynor...in bosco meo de Uggemora�, by undated charter [witnesses not named][913].� King Henry III instructed the sheriff of Devon to transfer �omnibus terris et feudis militum que Henricus de Trublevill tenuit de nobis in capite in balliva tua� to �Awysic que fuit uxor ejusdem Henrici rationabilem dotem suam�, dated 23 Jan 1240[914].� An order dated �50 Hen. III� [19 Oct 1265/18 Oct 1266] granted �De fabrica in foresta de Dene per Willielmum de London [William [III] de London], avum dict� Hawisi�, dimissa Mabill� de Cantilupo defunct�� to �Hawisia de London� for her life[915].� �Paganus de Cadurcis filius et h�res domin� Hawisi� de Londonia� donated land to Whiteland, Carmarthenshire, for the souls of �dominorum Thom� de Londonia, Patricii de Cadurcis, Will. et Mauricii de Londonia, Warini de Bassingburne, domin� Ev� de Tracy, Aleys et Gundre defunctorum�, by charter dated May 1270, witnessed by �dominis Patricio et Hernico militibus, fratribus nostris�[916].� Inquisitions after a writ dated 23 Sep "2 Edw I" following the death of "Hawis de London" name �Payn de Cadurciis her son is her next heir and of full age�[917].� An epitaph at Margam records �Le Dame Hawise de Londres� [undated][918].� [Betrothed ? ([1219]) to WILLIAM [IV] Crassus �primogenitus�, son of WILLIAM [III] Crassus & his wife --- Marshall (-[1234/42]).]� m firstly ([before 23 Jun 1222?] Royal licence 11 Jul 1223) WALTER de Briouse, son of WILLIAM [IV] de Briouse & his wife Matilda --- (-[8 Jul 1226/14 Jun 1234).� m secondly ([14 Jun 1234/Oct 1237]) HENRY de Turberville [Trubeville] Seneschal of Gascony, son of --- (-21 Dec 1239).� A charter dated Oct 1237 records �Henr(icus) de Trublevill� dominus Leuggemor� notifying his obligation to make payments to Ewenny priory from �terre nostre Uggemor�[919].� Papin records his death 21 Dec 1239 (no source cited)[920].� m thirdly (1243) PATRICK [IV] de Chaworth, son of PAIN [II] [Pagan] de Chaworth & his wife Gundred de la Fert� (-killed in battle Kilgarran [Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire] [4] Sep [1257]).�

3. [JOHN de London (-after [1205/11]).� �Willelmus de Londoniis� donated �unum burgagium in villa mea de Catweli quod Johannes filius Ragenilde tenet� to Margan St Mary by charter dated to �vers 1205-vers 1211�, witnessed by �Thoma de Londoniis, Johanne de Londoniis...Radulfo de Cantelo...�[921].� The document does not specify John�s relationship in the London family, but his name following that of Thomas suggests that they may have been brothers.]�

4. [daughter (-before 13 Aug 1228).� Her parentage and marriage are suggested by the following documents.� A writ dated 23 Sep "42 Hen III" [1257], after the death of "Patrick de Chaworces..." [Patrick [IV] de Chaworth, husband of Hawise de London, see above] includes �Wiltshire - Berewik manor...rent...held by exchange for life by [her daughter] Mabel de Cantelo alias de Cantilupe...to revert to the manor after her death�[922].� An order dated �50 Hen. III� [19 Oct 1265/18 Oct 1266] granted �De fabrica in foresta de Dene per Willielmum de London [William [III] de London, see above], avum dict� Hawisi�, dimissa Mabill� de Cantilupo defunct�� to �Hawisia de London� [Patrick [IV]�s wife] for her life[923].� The suggestion is that William [III] de London granted London family property for life to his close relative Mabile de Cantelou (maybe the orphaned daughter of his deceased sister?), who later named her maternal first cousin Hawise (William�s granddaughter) as her heir as the most senior member of her London family.� m --- de Cantelou, son of --- (-before 13 Aug 1228).� Maybe Mabile�s father was Ralph de Cantelou, who witnessed the [1205/07] charter of William [IV] de London cited aboive.]�

A separate London family is recorded principally in Somerset and Berkshire.� They appear to have been descended in the female line from the family of William FitzHumphrey who is shown below.� Farrer says that �possibly Humphrey and Emma were parents of� Richard [I] de London, bearing in mind the later confirmation of their donation of Wootton, Somerset by Robert [I] which is noted below[924].� However, the finding (�which appears to be more or less corrupt�) of an inquest taken [1248/49] record that King Henry II confiscated �the manor of Benham [Berkshire]� from �Humphrey Vis de Lou� and gave it to �Robert de London� with �Isabel daughter of...Walchelin [son of the said Humphrey]�[925].� The reference to �Humphrey Vis de Lou� suggests a connection with William FitzHumphrey: maybe the latter was Walkelin�s brother.�

1. WILLIAM FitzHumphrey (-after [1135/60]).� Robert Bishop of Bath confirmed donations to Lonley St Mary, including that of �William the son of Humphrey (filius Unfredi) and Emma his wife of the advowson of Wutton�, by charter dated to [1135/60][926].� m EMMA, daughter of --- (-after [1135/60]).� She was named in the [1135/60] charter cited under her husband.� Farrer says that �it may be suggested that...Emma was daughter of William de Falaise and relict of William de Curci I, namely the Emma de Falaise who has been mentioned as living in 1130�[927].�

1. RICHARD de London, son of [MAURICE [II] de London & his wife Adelais ---] .� Witness to the undated charter cited above under Sibylla, wife of William [II] de London, Papin indicates that he was William [II]�s brother[928].� same person as...?� RICHARD [I] de London (-[late 1167?]).� The 1159/60 Pipe Roll, under �Nova Placita et Nove Convent� in Somerset, records �Ric de Lund� pardoned for payments[929].� The entry does not name the property, but the documents cited beloiw under Robert [I] suggest that it was Wootton.� The 1166/67 Pipe Roll records �Benham Ric de London� in Berkshire[930].� Richard presumably lost Benham later in 1167, either by death or confiscation, as the 1167/68 Pipe Roll records �Willo de Rochella...de dim anno de firma de Benham� in Berkshire[931].�

2. ROBERT [I] de London (-after [1176/77]).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.� His succession in Benham, Berkshire suggests a close family relationship with Richard [I].� Maybe they were father and son or brothers.� He held Wootton, Somerset: �Robert de London� confirmed the donation made by �William the son of Humphrey [see above] and confirmed by William de Curci� to �the church of St Mary of Lonley and the church of St Andrew of Stoke Curci� of �the church of Wotton...and grant of the land of Hunelham and the mill of Wotton� by undated charter, witnessed by �Maurice de Reigni, John de Abend, Ralph Belet...�[932].� Book of Fees 83, 428. �The 1173/74 Pipe Roll records the return �de exitu de Hanekinton terra � Robti de Lund� in Somerset, in �De Nova Assisa...� in Gloucestershire �de terra Roberti Lond�, in �Honor Willi de Curci� in Oxfordshire �de catall terre Roberti de Lond�, in �De Nova Assis...terra in Dominiis q in Excactis� in Berkshire �de Benham terra Roberti de Lund� and �De Exitu terrarum eo- q a Rege Recessert�, also in Berkshire, �de terra Roberti de Lund�[933].� The 1176/77 Pipe Roll records in �Honor Willelmi de Curci� in Somerset �de firma de Wutton terra Roberti de Lond de dimidio anno�[934].� m ISABEL, daughter of WALKELIN FitzHumphrey & his wife ---.� The finding (�which appears to be more or less corrupt�) of an inquest taken [1248/49] record that King Henry II confiscated �the manor of Benham [Berkshire]� from �Humphrey Vis de Lou� and gave it to �Robert de London� with �Isabel daughter of...Walchelin [son of the said Humphrey]�, after Walchelin died, recording that �they both died without issue, and in process of time King Richard enfeoffed Richard de Kaunville of the manor...� and the manor�s subsequent history[935].�

The names of Richard [II] and his son suggest a close family relationship with Richard [I] and Robert [I] who are named above.� However, the [1248/49] inquest finding cited above records that Robert [I] died childless.� If that is correct, maybe Richard [II] was descended from a brother of Robert [I].� Richard [II] was also closely related to the main London family, shown above, as the 22 Feb 1217 document cited below records that Hawise, daughter of Thomas [II] de London, was heiress to Wootton in Somerset.�

1. RICHARD [II] de London (-before 22 Feb 1217).� King Henry III ordered �Pet de Maul� to grant �saisina...de terra q fuit Rici de London et Rob filii sui in Wotton que est de hereditate filie et heredis Thome de London cujus custodiam dns J Rex pater noster ei dedit� to �Olivero filio Reg�, dated 22 Feb 1217[936].� The place is confirmed as �Wotton� [=North Wootton], Somerset: an undated release by �Robert de Vite to Philip Basset of the land at Heliswiche in the manor of Wtton which Richard de London gave to William le Porter, Robert�s father� is endorsed �Wotton in Somerset�[937].� m ---.� The primary source which confirms the name of Richard�s wife has not been identified.� Richard [II] & his wife had one child:�

a) ROBERT [II] de London (-[13 Mar 1216/22 Feb 1217]).� His parentage is confirmed by the 22 Feb 1217 document cited above under his father.� An order of King John dated 13 Mar 1216 names �...Robertus de Lond - Lib eidem Brian de Insul...� among guarantors[938].�

In addition, to the above London families, several family members who held ecclesiastical positions have been identified.� It has not yet been possible to show precisely how they were related to the other families.�

1. ROBERT de London (-[before 11 Jan 1215?]).� King John granted property to �Roberto de Lond�, dated 8 Oct 1207[939].� King John named �Rob de Lond clericum nostrum�, dated 2 Jan 1208, 22 Jan 1208, 29 Mar 1208, 5 Mar 1212[940].� King John ordered the sheriff of London to take into the king�s hands �domos et terras q fuerunt Robti de London in London...� in payment of a debt [the text suggesting that he was deceased at the time], dated 11 Jan 1215[941].�

2. WALTER de London (-after 6 May 1215).� �...Willo et Waltero de Lond clericis� witnessed an order of King John dated 6 May 1215[942].�

3. MAURICE de London (-after 14 Apr 1223).� An order of King Henry III dated 14 Apr 1223 names �fri Mauricio capillano dom Templi et cm et custodiam...Hospitali [Sci Bartholomi London]�[943].�

Two brothers:�

1. --- de London .� m ---.� One child:�

a) WILLIAM de London (-after [1231/32]).� An order of King John dated 29 Oct 1207 names �thaurr nro Willo de Lond�[944].� Prebend of Stokes, Wallingford Castle: King John granted �ecclesiam de Stokes...prebenda capelle nostre de Walingeford� to �clerico nostro Willelmo de Lond�, dated 11 Jul 1214[945].� �...Willo et Waltero de Lond clericis� witnessed an order of King John dated 6 May 1215[946].� "Willelmus de London" was granted letters of presentation "ad ecclesiam de Bretenham" [Ely diocese], dated 6 Jun 1216[947].� Royal Justiciar[948].� King Henry III, addressing �Priori Sce Frethewith�, noted that his father had granted �terram et domos q fuerunt Deulecres et Bonechos Judos in Oxon� to �Willo de London nepoti...patris nostri H. Dublin Archepi�, dated 13 Mar 1218[949].�

2. HENRY de London �Scorch-villain�[950] (-[Jul] 1228, bur [Dublin Christ Church][951]).� His family relationship is confirmed by the 13 Mar 1218 document cited above under his nephew William de London.� Archdeacon of Stafford [1199/1200][952].� Archbishop of Dublin late 1212/early 1213, consecrated Aug 1213.�

MALET

Keats-Rohan records that the Malet family was established at Graville-Sainte-Honorine, now a suburb of Le Havre in the present-day French d�partement of Seine-Inf�rieure, in the Pays de Caux in Normandy by the beginning of the 11th century and also held land near Caen[953].� The family�s importance in the area is gauged by their construction of a castle there in the early decades of the 11th century, one of only a small group built in the Pays de Caux before 1066[954].� The family holdings which are recorded in Domesday Book show that the participation of Guillaume Malet in the invasion of England was rewarded with extensive land in the north of Suffolk, which eventually formed the honour of Eye which passed to his son Robert [I].�

1. --- .� m [ESILIA, daughter of GILBERT Crispin & his wife Gunnora ---.� The De nobili genere Crispinorum names "Emmam, Petri de Condeto genetricem, atque Esiliam, matrem Willelmi Malet" as the two daughters of "Gislebertus�Crispini cognomen" and his wife[955].� However, the wife of her supposed son Guillaume Malet is recorded in a later primary source with the same name so it is possible that the De nobili genere confuses Guillaume�s mother with his wife.]� The Carmen de Hasting� Pr�lio by Guy d�Amiens records that "quidam partim Normannus et Anglus compatit/competit Heraldi" was charged with the temporary burial of the body of King Harold II after the battle of Hastings[956].� As noted below, Orderic Vitalis names Guillaume Malet as this person.� If the Carmen can be believed, the mother of Guillaume [I] Malet was therefore English.� From this information, Keats-Rohan conjectures that the father of Guillaume Malet may have been one of the men who accompanied Emma of Normandy to England in 1002 for her marriage to King �thelred II, noting that it has been suggested that such men may have continued to hold land in England until 1066[957].� Brown suggests that the English origin of Guillaume�s mother is corroborated by the Domesday Book reference implying that Guillaume held Alkborough in Lincolnshire before the conquest (see below), by Guillaume�s son Robert [I] being described as "avunculus" of Lucy, mother of Ranulf Earl of Chester, who had English antecedents (also see below), and by Lucy�s first husband Ivo de Taillebois holding Alkborough in 1086[958].� One child:�

a) GUILLAUME [I] Malet (-[Bec Abbey] before 1086).� Domesday Book records that "William Malet had 5 carucates of land to the geld" in Alkborough, Lincolnshire, and that "Ivo" (identified as Ivo Taillebois, first husband of Lucy, relative of the Malet family see below) was the current holder[959].� Brown indicates that the reference to assessment "to the geld" suggests that Guillaume may have been the holder of the land before the conquest[960].� A history of the Crispin family names "Esiliam matrem Willelmi Malet" as daughter of Gilbert Crespin, adding that Guillaume ended his life at Bec abbey[961].� The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, names "Guillaume de Malet" among those who took part in the conquest of England in 1066[962].� Orderic Vitalis names "Guillelmo agnomine Maleto" was charged with the temporary burial of the body of King Harold II on the shore after the battle of Hastings[963].� ��Willielmus Maleit�� witnessed the charter dated to [1067] under which William I King of England confirmed the privileges of Peterborough abbey[964].� Sheriff of York: Simeon of Durham records that "Willelmo Malet qui tunc vicecomitatum gerebat cum sua coniuge et duobus liberis" were made prisoner by the Danes after the capture of the city of York by King William�s forces, dated to 1069[965].� Orderic Vitalis records that �Rodbertus Ricardi filius Eboracensis pr�sidii custos� was killed, that �Marius Suenus, Gaius Patricius, Edgarus Adelinus, Archillus et quatuor filii Karoli� attacked �munitionem regis in Eboraco�, and that �Willelmus cognomento Maletus, pr�ses castrensis regi� announced to the king that he would be forced to withdraw unless reinforcements were sent, dated to 1069[966].� The cartulary of Pr�aux Saint-Pierre includes a document which records that "William Maleth" approved a donation to the monastery by "a certain knight Ralf" and donated property at Butot-en-Caux "that he might be made a monk, which was done", and that "when William was dead, Robert his son" confirmed his father�s gift[967].� Freeman suggests that William Malet died on campaign in Ely, dated to [1070/71], on the basis of two passages in Domesday Book which record land held "in die quo pater R. Malet ivit in servitium Regis�ubi mortuus est" and "pater suus�tenuit quando ivit in maresc [marshland]" (in Happisburgh, Norfolk)[968].� Round suggests that the interpretation of the passage in question is too precise and in any case that the word "maresc" may in any case represent a mistranscription for "Eurvic", indicating York, which, if correct, would negate the theory entirely[969].� It appears that the most that can definitively be concluded from these passages is the Guillaume Malet died while on the king�s service, some time before 1086.� This conclusion appears to be contradicted by the history of the Crispin family which states that Guillaume ended his life at Bec abbey[970].� m ESILIA, daughter of --- (-after 1086).� �Robertus Malet� founded Eye priory, for the souls of �patris mei Willelmi Malet et matris me� Hesili�� who became a nun there, by undated charter dated to the reign of William I King of England[971].� Domesday Book records �Robert Malet�s mother� holding land from Robert Malet in Suffolk[972].� [same person as�?� ESILIA, daughter of GILBERT Crispin & his wife Gunnora ---.� The De nobili genere Crispinorum names "Emmam, Petri de Condeto genetricem, atque Esiliam, matrem Willelmi Malet" as the two daughters of "Gislebertus�Crispini cognomen" and his wife[973].� However, the wife of her supposed son Guillaume Malet is recorded in a later primary source with the same name so it is possible that the De nobili genere confuses Guillaume�s mother with his wife.]� Simeon of Durham records that "Willelmo Malet qui tunc vicecomitatum gerebat cum sua coniuge et duobus liberis" were made prisoner by the Danes after the capture of the city of York by King William�s forces, dated to 1069[974].� Guillaume [I] & his wife had [five] children:�

i) ROBERT [I] Malet of Eye (-after 13 Feb 1105).� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that King William I granted "honorem de Eya" to "Roberto Malet" but that King Henry I acquired the honour and held it for seven years before granting it to "comiti Stephano nepoti suo"[975]. ��Robertus Malet� founded Eye priory, for the souls of �patris mei Willelmi Malet et matris me� Hesili�� who became a nun there, by undated charter dated to the reign of William I King of England[976].� ��Roberti Malet�� witnessed the charter dated 1082 under which William I King of England granted land at Covenham to the church of St Calais[977].� Domesday Book records land held by �Robert Malet� in Sutton in Woking Hundred, Surrey; Bradmore and Ruddington in Nottinghamshire; numerous properties in Yorkshire, numerous properties in Norfolk, and in Suffolk[978].� �Beatrix soror Roberti Malet� donated property to Eye priory, for the souls of �fratrum meorum Roberti Maleth et Gilberti Malet�, by undated charter[979].� "�Robertus Maleth�Willielmus Malet�" subscribed a charter dated Sep 1101 under which Bishop Herbert donated property to Norwich priory[980].� "�Robert Malet camerarius�" witnessed the charter dated 13 Feb 1105 under which Henry I King of England confirmed donations to Cluny and Thetford made by Roger Bigod[981].� According to a charter of Henri Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) issued in favour of her son Ranulf Earl of Chester dated 1153, Ctss Lucy was the niece of Robert Malet of Eye and of Alan of Lincoln, as well as kinswoman of Thorold "the Sheriff"[982].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Robertus Malet" used to hold ten knights� fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "Hubertus de Sancta Susanna" now held two of these and "Willelmus Malech" now held twelve[983].� "Hubertus de Sancta Susanna" has not been identified with certainty but the likelihood is that he was the son of Hubert de Beaumont, son of Hubert Vicomte de Maine and Ermengarde de Nevers, who is recorded as holding lands in England during the reign of King Henry I (see MAINE).� The fact that Hubert held two of the knights� fees previously held by Robert Malet may indicate a family relationship, possibly that Hubert was the husband or son (the latter being more likely from a chronological point of view) of Robert�s daughter.� Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Bec, including donations by "Roberti Malet", by charter dated to [1181/89][984].� m MATILDA, daughter of ---.� Brown records that Robert�s wife Matilda is named in a charter under which Robert granted lands in Bulmer and Little Belstead to Hugh of Goldingham, although pointing out the document is a later copy in France and appears spurious in its surviving form although the substance of the charter appears genuine enough[985].� Robert [I] & his wife had [two children]:�

(a) [WILLIAM [II] Malet (-after [1117/21]).� "�Robertus Maleth�Willielmus Malet�" subscribed a charter dated Sep 1101 under which Bishop Herbert donated property to Norwich priory[986].� Brown suggests that William [II] Malet was the brother of Robert [I] Malet and therefore the son of Guillaume [I] Malet[987].� Keats-Rohan says that "this idea must be firmly rejected" as "all the evidence for this William belongs to the period 1100 to [1121], whereas Robert [I] was of age by 1066"[988].]�

-�� see below.�

(b) [ROBERT [III] Malet (-[before 1117]).� Robert Malet donated a mill "in Maisnillo Goscelini" {Mesnil-Joscelin} to Bec, with the consent of Gilbert Crespin, by charter dated to before 1077, and William Malet donated "terram�Maisnillum Joscelini" to Bec for "filio suo Willelmo qui factus est monachus Becci", for the souls of "patris et matris su� et fratris sui Roberti", by charter dated 1117[989].� The wording of this extract suggests that Robert [III] was deceased at the time.]�

ii) GILBERT Malet .� �Beatrix soror Roberti Malet� donated property to Eye priory, for the souls of �fratrum meorum Roberti Maleth et Gilberti Malet�, by undated charter[990].� Ancestor of the Malet family of Curry Malet, and Enmore, Somerset, and the Baronets Malet[991].�

iii) BEATRIX Malet .� �Beatrix soror Roberti Malet� donated property to Eye priory, for the souls of �fratrum meorum Roberti Maleth et Gilberti Malet�, by undated charter[992].� Brown indicates that Beatrix donated Redlingfield to Eye by undated charter which confirms her as husband of "William vicomte of Arques"[993].� �Willielmus de Abrincis miles dominus de Folkestan� confirmed donations to Folkestone priory, including the donations made by "Beatrix post mortem domini sui Willielmi de Archis" of "terram dotis su� de Newenton" by undated charter[994].� m (before 1086) GUILLAUME Vicomte d�Arques, son of GODEFROI Giffard Vicomte d�Arques & his wife --- de Rouen (-[1090]).�

iv) [two children (-after 1069).� Simeon of Durham records that "Willelmo Malet qui tunc vicecomitatum gerebat cum sua coniuge et duobus liberis" were made prisoner by the Danes after the capture of the city of York by King William�s forces, dated to 1069[995].� Presumably the children in question were still young as they were living with their parents.� It is not known whether these children were the same as those who are named above, although it is unlikely that Guillaume�s son Robert was one of the captured children as the chronology suggests that he must have been adult at the time.]�

1. DURAND Malet (-after 1086).� Domesday Book records that "Durand holds�from Robert Malet" Cransford, Plumesgate Hundred, Suffolk[996].� Domesday Book records �Durand Malet� holding Burton on the Wolds and land in Wymeswold in Leicestershire; Owthorpe in Nottinghamshire; several properties in Lincolnshire[997].�

2. THURSTAN Malet .� "Turstin Malet" witnessed a grant to Sainte-Trinit� de Caen made by "Papillon" by charter dated to before 1082[998].� "Turstin Malet" witnessed a grant to Saint-Etienne de Caen made by Humphrey d�Adeville by charter dated to early 12th century[999].�

3. THOROLD "Papillon" .� "Turstin Malet" witnessed a grant to Sainte-Trinit� de Caen made by "Papillon" by charter dated to before 1082[1000].� "�Alan de Lincola�Turald Papelleon�" witnessed the charter dated to [1094] under which William II King of England notified an agreement between William Bishop of Durham and Robert Earl of Northumberland[1001].� According to Keats-Rohan, "Turold Papillon" was the son of Thurstan Malet but she does not cite the primary source on which this statement is based[1002].�

1. ROBERT [II] Malet .� Keats-Rohan suggests that Robert [II] Malet was the same person as Robert [I] Malet[1003].� Richard I King of England confirmed donations to the abbey of Saint-Taurin, Evreux, including donations made by "Robert Malet and Emelina his wife", by charter dated 15 Jan 1195[1004].� m EMMELINE, daughter of ---.� Richard I King of England confirmed donations to the abbey of Saint-Taurin, Evreux, including donations made by "Robert Malet and Emelina his wife", by charter dated 15 Jan 1195[1005].� Robert & his wife had children:�

a) HUGH Malet .� Keats-Rohan records that a document related to the charter dated 15 Jan 1195 quoted above records that Robert Malet donated additional land to enable his son Hugh to become a monk at the monastery[1006].�

2. IVO Malet .� m MARGARET, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which her son "Hugo Malet" donated "dominium meum in Rouuelle", held by "pater meus Ivo Malet�matre mea Margareta"[1007].� Ivo & his wife had one child:�

a) HUGH Malet (-after 1147).� "Hugo Malet" donated "dominium meum in Rouuelle", held by "pater meus Ivo Malet�matre mea Margareta", by undated charter, dated to [1092/1123] or [1147/68][1008].� same person as�?� HUGH Malet (-after 1166).� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Hugo Malet" held seven knights� fees "ex baronia Willelmi Meschin ex parte matris su�" from "Willelmi de Curcy dapiferi" in Somerset[1009].� same person as...?� HUGH Malet .� m LESCELINE, daughter of --- (-24 Aug ----).� The obituary of Lincoln Cathedral records the death �IX Kal Sep� of �Licellina uxor Hugonis Malet�[1010].�

3. HERVE Malet (-after 1166).� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record "Urveius Malet" holding one and one half knights� fees in the honour of Wallingford in Berkshire[1011].�

The following family group was related to the Malet family but the precise family relationships have not been established.� The questions surrounding the ancestry of Lucy Ctss of Chester were discussed in detail by Katherine Keats-Rohan who, as noted below, suggests that Lucy was the daughter of Thorold de Bukenhale (see below) and his wife, who she suggests was a daughter of Guillaume [I] Malet (see above)[1012].� The difficulties appear to centre on the interpretation of Latin relationship terms (avunculus, nepos, cognatus, antecessores etc.) as used in the documents quoted below.� While many of these terms have precise meanings in theory, numerous examples can be found of their being used to denote a range of family connections[1013], making it difficult to draw definite conclusions about cases such as Lucy�s.� The following section shows possible family connections in square brackets to emphasise the uncertainty.� It certainly does not provide the final answer.�

Two possible siblings:�

1. [--- .� According to a charter of Henri Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) issued in favour of her son Ranulf Earl of Chester dated 1153, Robert [I] Malet of Eye (see above) and Alan of Lincoln were both �avunculi� of Lucy Ctss of Chester: "H. dux Norm. et comes And." granted land to "Ranulfo comiti Cestrie", including "totum honorem de Eia sicut Robertus Malet avunculus matris sue" had held and "foeudum Alani de Lincol�qui fuit avunculus matris sue", by charter dated to [Jan/Apr] 1153[1014].� The precise relationships between all these individuals have not yet been ascertained.� m [--- de Lincoln, son of ---].]�

2. [--- .� m ---.]� [Three] children:�

a) THOROLD de Bukenhale (-after [1076/79]).� Sheriff of Lincolnshire.� The Annals of Peterborough record that �Thoroldus vicecomes et frater germanus Godiv� comitiss� Leycestri�� founded Spalding Monastery in 1052[1015].� �Thoroldus de Bukenhale�vicecomiti� donated Spalding monastery to Croyland abbey which names �domino meo Leofrico comite Leicestri� et�comitissa sua domina Godiva sorore mea�et cognati mei comitis Algari primogeniti et h�redis eorum�[1016].� Herman�s De miraculis sancti Eadmundi names ��Lincolniensis Turoldus�� among those present when Herfast Bishop of Thetford visited Baldwin Abbot of St Edmund�s to be cured of an injury to his eye, dated to [1076/79] by Round[1017].�

b) GODGIFU (-after [1054/57]).� She is named as wife of Earl Leofric by Florence of Worcester, who specifies that she and her husband founded monasteries at Leominster, Wenlock, Chester and Stowe[1018].� The Annals of Peterborough record that �Thoroldus vicecomes et frater germanus Godiv� comitiss� Leycestri�� founded Spalding Monastery in 1052[1019].� Her family origin is also indicated by the undated charter under which �Thoroldus de Bukenhale�vicecomiti� donated Spalding monastery to Croyland abbey which names �domino meo Leofrico comite Leicestri� et�comitissa sua domina Godiva sorore mea�et cognati mei comitis Algari primogeniti et h�redis eorum�[1020].� The De Gestis Herwardi Saxonis names "Aediva trinepta Oslaci ducis" as wife of "Lefricus de Brunne, nepos comitis Radulfi cognominati Scalre", when recording that they were parents of "Herwardus"[1021].� "Oslaci ducis" could be "Oslac" recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as "earl [of Northumbria]" in 966[1022], but any precise relationship has not been identified.� �Leofricus comes�et conjux mea Godgyve� donated property to Evesham Monastery by undated charter which names �frater meus Normannus�[1023].� Godgifu wife of Leofric granted property to St Mary's, Stow by charter dated [1054/57][1024].� Orderic Vitalis records that �Elfgarus comes� had founded �Coventrense c�nobium� and that �Godiova...comitissa� donated �omnem thesaurum suum� to the church[1025].� She was the Lady Godiva of legend.� m LEOFRIC Earl of Mercia, son of LEOFWINE Ealdorman of the Hwicce in Mercia (-Bromley 30 Oct 1057, bur Coventry).�

c) [daughter .� The source quoted below which names Thorold as "avunculus" of Lucy suggests that he was her maternal uncle, assuming that the word was used in its strict sense (which is not without doubt).� m ---.� It is unlikely that the sources quoted below, which name Lucy as daughter of "Algari comitis Leicestri�", are reliable.� It is assumed that they all refer to �lfgar Earl of Mercia (see ANGLO-SAXON NOBILITY), which would mean that Lucy was the sister of Earls Edwin and Morcar.� However, such a relationship appears chronologically impossible, even if Lucy was born very late in the life of Earl �lfgar (whose death is dated to 1062), considering that she apparently had four children by her third husband whom she married in 1098.]� One child:�

i) LUCY (-1138, bur Spalding).� According to a charter of Henri Duke of Normandy (later Henry II King of England) issued in favour of her son Ranulf Earl of Chester dated 1153, Ctss Lucy was the niece of Robert [I] Malet of Eye and of Alan of Lincoln: "H. dux Norm. et comes And." granted land to "Ranulfo comiti Cestrie", including "totum honorem de Eia sicut Robertus Malet avunculus matris sue" had held and "foeudum Alani de Lincol�qui fuit avunculus matris sue", by charter dated to [Jan/Apr] 1153[1026].� The precise relationships between all these individuals has not yet been ascertained.� Domesday Descendants suggests that Thorold was her father[1027].� Keats-Rohan expands her arguments in another article, based primarily on the presence of both Thorold and his wife as "antecessores" of Lucy and her first husband in the charter under which the couple donated Spalding monastery to the church of Saint-Nicholas, Anjou (see below)[1028].� The Complete Peerage also discusses whether Thorold could have been Lucy�s father and that her mother could have been the daughter of Guillaume [I] Malet[1029].� An alternative origin is suggested by Ingulph's potentially spurious Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland, which records that William I King of England arranged the marriage of "Ivo Taillebois" and "Lucia sister of Edwin and Morcar", her dowry consisting of their land at Hoyland[1030].� The Genealogia Fundatoris of Coventry Monastery also names �Luciam postea comitissam� as daughter of �Algarus tertius�, adding that she married firstly �Yvoni Taylboys� by whom she was childless, secondly �Rogero filio Geroldi Romara�, thirdly �Ranulfo comiti Cestri��, and that she was buried �apud Spalding�[1031].� The Chronicon Angli� Petriburgense records "Luci� comitiss�fili� Algari comitis Leicestri�" as husband of "Ivo Tailbois comes Andegavensis, dominus Spaldingi� et totius Hollandi�" and "Toraldus avunculus eiusdem Luci�"[1032].� Lastly, the Annals of Peterborough name �Yvo Taylboys, comes Andegavensis, dominus Spaldynge et totius Holandi�maritus Luci�, fili� Algari comitis Leicestri�� and "Toraldus avunculus�Luci�" when recording his donation to Spalding Monastery in 1074[1033].� This relationship with Earls Edwin and Morcar appears impossible from a chronological point of view, in particular because Lucy gave birth to children by her third husband at a time when she would have been over fifty if she has been their sister.� It also seems unlikely that their sister would have been given a name derived from the Romance languages.� �Ivo Taleboys� donated Spalding Monastery to the church of Saint-Nicholas Anjou, for �conjugis su� Luci� et antecessorum Toraldi, scilicet uxoris eius, requie� by undated charter[1034].� Peter of Blois's Continuation of the Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the death of Ivo and his burial at the priory of Spalding, and the remarriage of his widow "hardly had one month elapsed after his death" with "Roger de Romar the son Gerald de Romar"[1035].� A manuscript recording the foundation of Spalding monastery records that �Yvo Talboys� married "Thoroldo�h�rede Lucia" who, after the death of Ivo, married (in turn) "Rogerum filium Geroldi" and "comitem Cestri� Ranulphum"[1036].� Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that "his wife the lady Lucia" married "Roger de Romar the son of Gerald de Romar" when "hardly had one month elapsed after the death" of her first husband "Ivo Taillebois"[1037].� She is named as wife of Ranulf by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her first husband, but does not state her origin[1038].� �Ranulfus Meschinus Richerio Vicecomiti Karlioli� donated property for the foundation of Wetherhal priory, Cumberland, for the souls of ��mea et uxoris me� Luci��, by undated charter[1039].� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Lucia comitissa Cestr�tra patis sui" in Lincolnshire[1040].� �Lucia cometissa� donated �manerium de Spallingis...cum quibus melius tenui et liberalius tempore Ivonis de Thallebos et Rogeri filii Geroldi et cometis Rannulfi� by charter dated to [1135][1041].� m firstly IVO Taillebois [I] Lord of Kendal, son of --- (-after 1094, bur Spalding).� �Ivo Talliebois� donated property to St Mary, York, for the soul of �uxoris me� Luci��, by undated charter witnessed by �Lucia uxore mea, Ribaldo genero meo, Radulpho Taillebois��[1042].� m secondly (after 1094) ROGER FitzGerold, son of GEROLD "Miles Christi" Ch�telain de Neufmarch� & his wife Aubreye (-[1096/98]).� m thirdly (1098) RANULF "Meschin" Vicomte du Bessin, son of RANULF Vicomte du Bessin [Bayeux] & his wife Marguerite [Maud] d'Avranches (-17 or 27 Jan 1129, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh).� He was appointed Vicomte d'Avranches in 1120 and Earl of Chester.�

WILLIAM [II] Malet, son of [ROBERT [I] Mallet & his wife Matilda ---] (-after [1117/21]).� "�Robertus Maleth�Willielmus Malet�" subscribed a charter dated Sep 1101 under which Bishop Herbert donated property to Norwich priory[1043].� Brown suggests that William [II] Malet was the brother of Robert [I] Malet and therefore the son of Guillaume [I] Malet[1044].� Keats-Rohan says that "this idea must be firmly rejected" as "all the evidence for this William belongs to the period 1100 to [1121], whereas Robert [I] was of age by 1066"[1045].� The Annals of Waverley record that �Philippus de Brausa et Willelmus Malet et Willelmus Barnard et Helias comes Cenomanni�� were deprived of their lands in 1110[1046].� Brown records that Robert Malet donated a mill in Mesnil-Joscelin to Bec, with the consent of Gilbert Crespin, by charter dated to before 1077, that William Malet donated land at Mesnil-Joscelin to Bec with his son William who was to become a monk, for the souls of his unnamed parents and his brother Robert, by charter dated 1117[1047].�

m ---.� The name of William�s wife is not known.� Domesday Descendants names "Oliva de Tancarville, daughter of Rabel and Theophania de Richmond" as the wife of William [II] Malet[1048].� If this is correct, she was Olive de Tancarville, daughter of Rabel de Tancarville & his first wife Thiphaine de Penthi�vre.� However, the chronology for this marriage is not ideal.� The birth of Olive�s maternal grandfather is estimated to [1058/62].� His daughter was therefore probably born in [1080/1100], and Olive in [1095/1115].� On the other hand, William [II] Malet is first named in a charter dated Sep 1101 when he was presumably already adult, and no mention of him has been found after [1117/21].� Stapleton suggests that Olive may have been the mother of Guillaume [III] Malet de Graville (see NORMANDY NOBILITY-ARQUES, AUM�LE, CAUX), leaving open the identification of her husband, which appears to provide a better chronological fit[1049].�

William [II] & his wife had one child:�

1. WILLIAM Malet (-after 1117).� Brown records that Robert Malet donated a mill in Mesnil-Joscelin to Bec, with the consent of Gilbert Crespin, by charter dated to before 1077, that William Malet donated land at Mesnil-Joscelin to Bec with his son William who was to become a monk, for the souls of his unnamed parents and his brother Robert, by charter dated 1117[1050].� The Chronicon Becense records that a gift of land at Mesnil-Joscelin was made by William [III] Malet in 1117 and confirmed by "Henricus primus rex Anglie�et Willelmus pater prefati Willelmi"[1051].� King Henry I confirmed the donation of Conteville to Bec made by "William Malet" by charter dated 1121[1052].�

MALET of GRAVILLE (NORMANDY)

see the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-ARQUES, AUM�LE; CAUX.�

MALET of SOMERSET

1. WILLIAM Malet (-after 1130).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Willo Maled" in Hampshire[1053].�

2. ROBERT [III] Malet (-[before 1155]).� Robert [III] Malet may have been the same person as Robert [II] Malet who is shown in Part A of the present chapter.� The 1130 Pipe Roll accounts for land in Oxfordshire "p recto de terra de Warministra de Rob Malet"[1054].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Robertus Malet" used to hold ten knights� fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "Hubertus de Sancta Susanna" now held two of these and "Willelmus Malech" now held twelve, another section recording the knights� fees held from "Willelmi Malech" in Somerset[1055].�

3. WILLIAM Malet (-1169).� According to Domesday Descendants, William was the son of Robert [III] Malet (see above)[1056].� A close relationship is indicated by the Red Book of the Exchequer entry which indicates that William had succeeded Robert in landholdings, but they could have been brothers or father and son.� Steward of Henry II King of England.� The 1155 Pipe Roll records "Willo Malet" in Somerset, Dorset and Wiltshire[1057].� The 1156 Pipe Roll records "Willo Malet" in Kent[1058].� The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Will. Maled" in Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire, and in Northamptonshire, both under "Nova Placita & Noue Conuentiones"[1059].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmo Malet viii l" in Somerset in [1161/62][1060].� It is not certain that all these entries refer to the same person.� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Robertus Malet" used to hold ten knights� fees from the abbot of Glastonbury in Somerset "tempore Regis Henrici" (presumably indicating King Henry I) and that "Hubertus de Sancta Susanna" now held two of these and "Willelmus Malech" now held twelve, another section recording the knights� fees held from "Willelmi Malech" in Somerset[1061].� "Roberto �Willelmo Malet dapifero�" subscribed the charter dated 1168 under which Henry II King of England confirmed the property "in manerio de Hinton" of "Roberto de Basoges" granted to him by "comes Conanus"[1062].� m firstly ---.� The name of William�s first wife is not known.� The fact of this first marriage is confirmed by the marriage of William�s son Gilbert with the sister of William�s own second wife.� m secondly (1165 or before) as her first husband, EUGENIA Picot, daughter of RALPH Picot & his wife --- ([1154/55]-after 1194).� She married secondly Thomas FitzBernard.� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records �Ewgenia Picot�filia Radulfi Picot de Kancia et uxor Thome filii Bernardi�xxx annorum�, her property �in hundredo de Redefeld�de feodo Gileberti Malet" given to her by "Willelmus Malet�in dotem�, adding that she had three sons, aged 10, 8 and 3, and one daughter, given by "Dominus Rex, filio Johannis de Bidun", by her second husband[1063].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Eugenia Picot x s" in Kent in [1186/87][1064].� The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Eugenia Pikot�pro custodia Johannis f sue et terre sue" in Kent[1065].� William & his first wife had [two] children:�

a) GILBERT Malet (-1194).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.�� m ALICE Picot, daughter of RALPH Picot & his wife ---.� Salzman records her parentage and marriage[1066].�� Gilbert & his wife had one child:�

i) WILLIAM Malet (-before 20 Dec 1215).� "�Willelmo Malet�" subscribed the charter dated to [1172/89] under which Henry II King of England confirmed the prebends of Saint-Nicolas de Bayeux[1067].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Willelmus Malet de Gerardville" paying "x s, i militem" in Essex, Hertfordshire[1068].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Willelmus Malet" being granted delay to pay "per brevia" in Essex, Herefordshire[1069].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Willelmus Malet" among those granted delay in payment "per brevia" in Dorset, Somerset[1070].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Willelmus de Malet" holding one knight�s fee in "Fineberge" in Norfolk, Suffolk in [1210/12][1071].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Willelmus Malet" holding one half of one knight�s fee "in Aldeham" and one "in Lullingestone" in Kent in [1210/12][1072].� King John granted "totam terram que fuit Willelmi Malet" to "Hug de Vivon" by order dated 20 Dec 1215[1073].� [m firstly ---.� The dates of the first marriages of William Malet�s daughters, together with the fact that his known wife Alice Basset had three children by her third husband, suggests that William�s two daughters may have been born from an otherwise unrecorded first marriage.]� m [secondly] as her first husband, ALICE Basset, daughter of THOMAS Basset [II] of Headington & his wife Philippa Malbank (-[1263]).� She married secondly (before 1221, annulled) H--- de Chaceporc, and thirdly (1223 or before) John Bisset.� William & his [first] wife had two children:�

(a) MABEL Malet .� Her second marriage is confirmed by an order dated 18 Nov 1223 placing "in respite�the demand�from Hugh de Vivonne�for the debt that William Malet, father of the wife of Vivon, owed the king"[1074].� m firstly NICHOLAS Avenell, son of --- (-[1221/22]).� m secondly (before 18 Nov 1223) HUGUES de Vivonne, son of --- (-1249).�

(b) HAWISE Malet .� Henry III King of England made an order related to property "apud Exoniam" of "Hawisie que fuit uxor Hugonis Poinz", which she received from "Willelmi Malet patris vestri", dated 26 Aug 1220[1075].� m firstly HUGH Poinz, son of --- (-before 26 Aug 1220).� m secondly ROBERT de Mucegros, son of ---.�

b) [BALDWIN Malet (-after 1166).� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Baldewinus Malet" held two knights� fees and three parts from "Willelmi Malech" [Malet] in Somerset[1076].]�

1. ROBERT Malet (-after 10 Mar 1216).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Robertus Malet" holding one quarter of one knight�s fee "in Stanpelte" in Kent in [1210/12][1077].� "Robertus Malet" paid a fine for returning to the king�s service, security given by "Falkes de Breaut", dated 10 Mar 1216[1078].�

2. RALPH Malet (-after 1212).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Radulfus Malet" holding "viii l in Norcure�de dominico Rege" in Dorset, Somerset in [1210/12][1079].� The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Radulfus Malet" held "viii libratas terre in [manerio] de Wuttheham de dono Henrici Regis, patris Johannis Regis [per servicium]�quod facit Willelmo Malet" in Somerset[1080]. �

MAMINOT

The list of fees held from the church of Bayeux in 1133 includes �feodum Maminoth est feodum quinque militum in Surrehain et Bazenville et apud Filgerias juxta Nulleyum et apud Taun et apud Noers et apud Froigneium juxta Laceyum�[1081].�

1. ROBERT de Courb�pine .� Orderic Vitalis names "Roberti de Curvaspina" when recording his son�s election as bishop of Lisieux[1082].� m ---.� The name of Robert�s wife is not known.� Robert & his wife had [two] children:�

a) GILBERT Maminot (-Aug 1101).� "�Gilbert Maminot�" witnessed the charter dated Apr 1067 under which William I King of England donated the church of Saint-Jacques de Beuvron to Saint-Beno�t-sur-Loire[1083].� Bishop of Lisieux: Orderic Vitalis records that "Gislebertus cognomento Maminotus, regis archiater et capellanus�filius Roberti de Curvaspina" was elected bishop of Lisieux and held the position for 23 years, dated to 1077[1084].� Domesday Book records that �Gilbert Maminot� held Cudhamin and Keston, in Helmestrei Hundred of the bishop of Bayeux in Kent, Leckhampstead in Stotfold Hundred from the same bishop in Buckinghamshire[1085].� Orderic Vitalis records the death of "Gislebertus senex cognomento Maminotus, Luxoviensis episcopus", dated to 1101[1086].�

b) [RALPH de Courb�pine (-after 1086).� The Domesday book records "Berfrestone" {Barfreston, Kent}, "Berlinge" {Birling, Kent}, Burham {Burham, Kent}, houses in Canterbury, "Colret" {Coldred, Kent}, and "Danetone" {Denton near Barham, Kent}, held by "Ralph de Courbepine"[1087].� The Domesday book records "Fereburne" {Fairbourne, Kent}, held by "Ralph de Courbepine"[1088].� The Domesday book records "Piventone" {Pivington, Kent}, "Turneham" {Thurnham, Kent}, and Walwalesere {Waldershare, Kent}, held by "Ralph de Courbepine"[1089].]�

1. HUGH Maminot (-before 1130).� Domesday Book records �Hugh Maminot� holding Rodmarton, Lasborough and Little Sodbury in Gloucestershire of Gilbert Bishop of Lisieux[1090].� Eyton calls "Emma Peverel supposed wife of Hugh Maminot" parents of Walkelin Maminot but does not cite the primary source which confirms their names[1091].� His name is confirmed by an undated charter which records donations to Rochester, including the donation of �decimam de Bertrea� made by �Hugo pater Walkelini Maminot�[1092].� m [EMMA] Peverel], daughter of --- (-after 1130).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Emme Maminet" in Kent[1093].� Her relationship to William Peverel (presumably William Peverel of Dover) is confirmed by the undated charter under which her son "Walchelinus Maminot" restored �terram de Lega� (near Ellesmere), unjustly taken by �avunculus meus Willielmus Peverel�, to Shrewsbury abbey[1094].� Hugh & his wife had three children:�

a) WALKELIN Maminot (-[1155/57]).� "�Waucelinus Mamot�" witnessed the charter of Ramsey abbey dated to [1133/37] which records that "Walterus de Bolebeche�Heylenius uxor sua et Hugo filius suus" donated "terram de Waltone"[1095].� Orderic Vitalis records that "Gualchelinus�cognomento Maminot" held Dover in a rebellion against King Stephen, dated to 1138, but later made peace[1096].� "Walchelinus Maminot" restored �terram de Lega� (near Ellesmere), unjustly taken by �avunculus meus Willielmus Peverel�, to Shrewsbury abbey by undated charter[1097].� "Walch Maminot" witnessed the charter dated to [May/Jun] 1141 under which Empress Matilda granted land to Miles of Gloucester which had belonged to "Gregorii Dapiferi" at Westminster[1098].� "Walkelinus Maminot" donated Bradford mill to Haughmond abbey by charter dated to [1141/48], witnessed by "Rogerio filio Warini et Fulcone fratre suo, Stephano de Haia et Michaele fratre suo", and "Willielmus Peverel de Dovera" also donated Bradford mill, donated by "dominus Walchelinus Maminot" for the soul of "Rogeri de Haia", witnessed by "�Matilla mea conjuge, Matilla de Dovera mea sorore, Acelina mea sorore�"[1099].� "Walchelinus Maminot�" witnessed the undated charter under which �Willielmus Peverellus de Douria� donated property �Wlurunton, Einardeseiam, Crugelton� granted to him by �Hamo Peverell patruus meus� to Shrewsbury abbey[1100].� "Walcheline Maminoht" exchanged land with the abbot of Shrewsbury by charter dated to [1136/41], witnessed by "Roger Fitz Warin"[1101].� "Walcheline Maminoht" granted Bradford Mill to Haughmond abbey by charter dated to [1145], witnessed by "Roger Fitz Warin and Fulk his brother"[1102].� "�Wachelino Maminot�" witnessed the charter dated to [Sep 1151/Jan 1153] under which "Henricus dux Norm et comes Andeg" donated property to the abbey of Mortemer[1103].� The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Walchel. Mamin." in Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire, "Walch. Mam." in Northamptonshire, and "Walch. Maminot" in Kent, all under "Nova Placita & Noue Conuentiones"[1104].� m as her second husband, JULIANE de Vere, formerly wife of HUGH Bigod later Earl of Norfolk, daughter of AUBREY de Vere Lord of Hedingham & his wife --- ([1110/22]-after 1185).� �Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchi�� donated property to Colne priory, for the souls of �Hugone Bigot fratris mei et comitiss� Julian� matris me� et Id� uxoris me��, by undated charter, witnessed by �Hugone Bigot filio meo��[1105].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �Duvercurt� held by �comitissa Juliana�soror comitis Albrici�[1106].� The Complete Peerage says that �for the souls of her father and mother and of her husbands Hugh Bigoth and Walkelin Maminot she granted Begham Abbey land in Brockley� but does not quote the original[1107].� According to the Complete Peerage, she was still living in 1185, citing a grant by �Juliana comitissa� at Dovercourt to Colne Priory, witnessed by �Alberico comite et Alberico filius eius�, adding �which being notified to Gilbert Bishop of London was not later than 1189�[1108].� Walkelin & his wife had one child:�

i) WALKELIN Maminot ([1125/38]-[1190]).� The Annals of Bermondsey record that �Walkelinus Mammynot filius Walkelini Mammynot� donated revenue �de molendino de Depforde� to Bermondsey in 1157[1109].� The Bermondsey Chronicle records that �Walkelinus Mammynot filius Walkelini Mammynot� donated revenue �de molendino de Depford� to Bermondsey in 1157[1110].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record the names of those providing knights for military service with "Walkelini Mamignot" in Kent[1111].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Walkelin Mamignot xviii l, et de novo i m" in Kent in [1167/68][1112].� The Bermondsey Chronicle records that �Walkelinus Maymynot filius Walkelini Mammynot� donated revenue �de dominio de Cippenham in Dilleherst�etiam ecclesiam de Berlyng� to Bermondsey in 1168[1113].� The Annals of Bermondsey record the same donation, adding that it was confirmed by Kings Henry II, Edward III, Richard II and Henry IV[1114].� A later passage in the same source records the confirmation in 1174 by King Henry II of the donation of "ecclesiam de Bierlyng" by "Walkelinus Mammynot"[1115].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Wakelin Mamignot xxvii l, de novo xx s" in Kent in [1171/72][1116].� The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Walkelinus Maminot" in Kent[1117].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "heredes Walkelini Mamignot" paying "xiv l x s, xxvii milites" in Kent[1118].�

b) ALICE Maminot .� The cartulary of Merton Priory records that Hugh Maminot gave the manor of Petham, Kent to "Ralph de Chesney in marriage with his daughter Alice"[1119].� The Complete Peerage has confused the marriages of Alice Maminot, stating that she married firstly "Ralph de Cahaines" and secondly Geoffrey [II] de Say[1120].� The supposed first marriage results from confusion between the Chesney and Cahaignes families, members of both of which (both named Ralph) married daughters of Hugh Maminot, as shown in the present document).� As justification for the supposed second marriage, the Complete Peerage quotes an undated charter under which "Galfridus de Say filius Galfridi de Say et Alicie de Cheinnei uxoris sue" of the donation to Bermondsey of the advowson of Birling church made by Walkelin Maminot (see above) and later by "Geoffrey de Say", followed by another confirmation by "William de Say, son of Geoffrey, son of Geoffrey"[1121], presumably to provide a purported explanation for the transmission of interests from the Maminot family to the Say family.� In fact the transmission was through the granddaughter of Alice Maminot and Ralph [II] de Chesney who married Geoffrey [III] de Say.� m (before 1130) [as his second wife,] RALPH [II] de Chesney, son of RALPH [I] de Chesney & his wife Matilda ---.�

c) --- Maminot .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Testa de Nevill which includes a writ of King John dated 1212 recording that "Willelmum de Kaines" held "manerium de Tarent in hundredo de Langeber�iii militum�" in Dorset which had been given to "Radulfo de Kaines in maritagio cum filia Hugonis Maminot per dominum Henricum Regem primum"[1122]. �The wording of this document suggests that the marriage took place after the death of the bride�s father.� m ([before 1130/1135]) RALPH de Cahaignes [Keynes], son of ---.� A manuscript which records donations to Lewes priory includes in Kent land �in Langenia� donated by �Willielmus de Cahaynnes� for the souls of "filiorum suorum Ricardi et Willielmi", of land "ad Ramegingas, de feodo Hugonis de Cahaennis", land "ad Duclintunam" donated y "Adeleidis" for the soul of "Willielmi de Chaennis viri sui" and confirmed by "Hugo filius eius", land "ad Sidenoram" donated by "Hugo de Cahaines" confirmed by "Ricardus filius eius"[1123].�

MARTEL

Loyd indicates that this family originated in Bacqueville-en-Caux in the present-day French d�partement of Seine-Maritime (previously Seine-Inf�rieure), arrondissement Dieppe, canton Bacqueville, as confirmed by the charter dated 15 May 1134 which is quoted below[1124].�

1. GEOFFREY Martel (-after 13 Jan 1103).� "�Galfridus Martel�" witnessed the charter dated 13 Jan 1103 which records an agreement between �Philippus de Braosa� and the abbey of F�camp[1125].� Henry II King of England, by undated charter, confirmed donations to Clerkenwell St Mary, including the donation of �Bleneford� by "Willielmi Martelli et filii eius Galfridi et Albered� matris eiusdem Galfridi" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, adding that the land had been donated by "G. Martell, pater Willielmi Martelli" to Winchester St Mary "cum filia sua"[1126].� m ALBREDA, daughter of --- (-after 15 May 1134).� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134[1127].� Geoffrey & his wife had six children:�

a) WILLIAM Martel (-after 1162, bur Bacqueville).� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134, witnessed by �Goffredus, Rogerius filii mei, Eudo, Gauterius, Baldricus fratres mei�[1128].� �Willelmus Martel dapifer regis� donated �ecclesiam de Aldeburch et de Haselwde� to Colchester St. John, when �corpus Rogeris fratris mei fuit sepultum in illo monasterio�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Walterus Martel, Baldricus Martel�[1129].� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel, Johannes de Port, Rogerus et Eudo et Walt. et Eustachius, et Rogerus tunc constabularius Ey�, filii domini�"[1130].� Henry II King of England, by undated charter, confirmed donations to Clerkenwell St Mary, including the donation of �Bleneford� by "Willielmi Martelli et filii eius Galfridi et Albered� matris eiusdem Galfridi" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, adding that the land had been donated by "G. Martell, pater Willielmi Martelli" to Winchester St Mary "cum filia sua"[1131].� m ALBREDA, daughter of --- (-after 1162).� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel�"[1132].� Her marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which her grandson �Willielmus Martel� confirmed the donation of "h�redem meorum Parvam Blenford" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s made by "Galfridus Martel pater meus�cum Albreda matre sua"[1133].� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134, witnessed by �Goffredus, Rogerius filii mei, Eudo, Gauterius, Baldricus fratres mei�[1134].� William & his wife had two children:�

i) GEOFFREY Martel (-1180).� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134, witnessed by �Goffredus, Rogerius filii mei, Eudo, Gauterius, Baldricus fratres mei�[1135].� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel�"[1136].� "Ricardo de Lucy et Gaufrido Martel et Osberto Martel" witnessed the charter dated to [1149/54] under which King Stephen confirmed liberties of Abbotsbury abbey[1137].� Henry II King of England confirmed donations to Clerkenwell St Mary, including the donation of �Bleneford� by "Willielmi Martelli et filii eius Galfridi et Albered� matris eiusdem Galfridi" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, which land had been donated by "G. Martell, pater Willielmi Martelli" to Winchester St Mary "cum filia sua", by undated charter, witnessed by "Roberto filio Walteri, Saero de Quenci comite Wintoni�, Henrico de Boun�"[1138].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, records the knights` fees held by "Galfridus Martel" from the king in Dorset, states that "antecessores mei" did not hold the lands "plus tempore Henrici regis" (presumably indicating King Henry I), and that the king (presumably indicating King Henry II) granted "quartam partem servitii i militis" to "Rogero fratri meo" and another part to "Simoni filio Roberti"[1139].� m ---.� The name of Geoffrey�s wife is not known.� Geoffrey & his wife had [five] children:�

(a) WILLIAM Martel .� "W[illelmus] Martel...post obitum Willelmi Martel avi mei" donated �capellam Sancti-Leonardi de Basquevilla� to Bacqueville priory by charter dated 1188, witnessed by �Goffredus Martel, Alanus Martel fratres mei...�[1140].� �Willielmus Martel� confirmed the donation of "h�redem meorum Parvam Blenford" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s made by "Galfridus Martel pater meus�cum Albreda matre sua" by undated charter, witnessed by "Johanne Martel�"[1141].� "W[illelmus] Martel" confirmed the donations made by �W[illelmus] Martel avus meus� to �ecclesia Beate-Marie de Baschevilla� where he was buried by charter dated 25 Mar 1192 (O.S.), witnessed by �Alanus Martel frater meus...�[1142].� �Willelmus Martel filius Gaufridus Martel� confirmed the donation of �manerio de Snapes et de manerio de Aldeburch� made to Colchester St. John by �Willelmus Martel avus meus et Albreda uxor eius assensu...Gaufridi patris mei heredis ipsius Willelmi� by undated charter, witnessed by �Alanus Martel...�[1143].� m ---.� The name of William�s wife is not known.� William & his wife had one child:�

(1) GEOFFREY Martel .� �Gaufridus Martel� donated revenue from land "apud Wincestriam quam Johannes frater Willielmi filii Martin tenuit de me" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, for the soul of "Philipp� uxoris me�", by undated charter, witnessed by "Eustachio Martel, Johanne Martel�"[1144].� m PHILIPPA, daughter of ---.� �Gaufridus Martel� donated revenue from land "apud Wincestriam quam Johannes frater Willielmi filii Martin tenuit de me" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, for the soul of "Philipp� uxoris me�", by undated charter[1145].� The 1194/95 Pipe Roll records "Galfridus Martel et uxor ipsius soror�Cecilie [de Alwardesbi]" in Gloucestershire[1146].�

(b) GEOFFREY Martel .� "W[illelmus] Martel...post obitum Willelmi Martel avi mei" donated �capellam Sancti-Leonardi de Basquevilla� to Bacqueville priory by charter dated 1188, witnessed by �Goffredus Martel, Alanus Martel fratres mei...�[1147].�

(c) ALAN Martel .� �Willelmus Martel filius Gaufridus Martel� confirmed the donation of �manerio de Snapes et de manerio de Aldeburch� made to Colchester St. John by �Willelmus Martel avus meus et Albreda uxor eius assensu...Gaufridi patris mei heredis ipsius Willelmi� by undated charter, witnessed by �Alanus Martel...�[1148].� "W[illelmus] Martel...post obitum Willelmi Martel avi mei" donated �capellam Sancti-Leonardi de Basquevilla� to Bacqueville priory by charter dated 1188, witnessed by �Goffredus Martel, Alanus Martel fratres mei...�[1149].� "W[illelmus] Martel" confirmed the donations made by �W[illelmus] Martel avus meus� to �ecclesia Beate-Marie de Baschevilla� where he was buried by charter dated 25 Mar 1192 (O.S.), witnessed by �Alanus Martel frater meus...�[1150].�

(d) [JOHN Martel .� �Willielmus Martel� confirmed the donation of "h�redem meorum Parvam Blenford" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s made by "Galfridus Martel pater meus�cum Albreda matre sua" by undated charter, witnessed by "Johanne Martel�"[1151].� �Gaufridus Martel� donated revenue from land "apud Wincestriam quam Johannes frater Willielmi filii Martin tenuit de me" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, for the soul of "Philipp� uxoris me�", by undated charter, witnessed by "Eustachio Martel, Johanne Martel�"[1152].]�

(e) [EUSTACE Martel .� �Gaufridus Martel� donated revenue from land "apud Wincestriam quam Johannes frater Willielmi filii Martin tenuit de me" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, for the soul of "Philipp� uxoris me�", by undated charter, witnessed by "Eustachio Martel, Johanne Martel�"[1153].]�

ii) ROGER .� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134, witnessed by �Goffredus, Rogerius filii mei, Eudo, Gauterius, Baldricus fratres mei�[1154].� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel, Johannes de Port, Rogerus et Eudo et Walt. et Eustachius, et Rogerus tunc constabularius Ey�, filii domini�"[1155].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, records the knights` fees held by "Galfridus Martel" from the king in Dorset, states that "antecessores mei" did not hold the lands "plus tempore Henrici regis" (presumably indicating King Henry I), and that the king (presumably indicating King Henry II) granted "quartam partem servitii i militis" to "Rogero fratri meo" and another part to "Simoni filio Roberti"[1156].�

iii) EUDES Martel .� "Will[elm]o Mart[el] et Eud[one] Mart[el]�" witnessed the undated charter under which King Stephen confirmed the donation of land at North Baddesley to the abbey of St Denis, Southampton by "Rob de Limesia"[1157].� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel, Johannes de Port, Rogerus et Eudo et Walt. et Eustachius, et Rogerus tunc constabularius Ey�, filii domini�"[1158].�

iv) WALTER Martel (-after [Nov 1137/Jan 1138]).� "Emma filia Grimbaldi medici" granted her rights to her father�s lands to "Waltero Mart[el]", as did "Atselina uxor ipsius Grimbaldi", by charter dated to [Nov 1137/Jan 1138][1159].� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel, Johannes de Port, Rogerus et Eudo et Walt. et Eustachius, et Rogerus tunc constabularius Ey�, filii domini�"[1160].�

v) EUSTACHE Martel .� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel, Johannes de Port, Rogerus et Eudo et Walt. et Eustachius, et Rogerus tunc constabularius Ey�, filii domini�"[1161].�

vi) ROGER Martel .� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel, Johannes de Port, Rogerus et Eudo et Walt. et Eustachius, et Rogerus tunc constabularius Ey�, filii domini�"[1162].�

b) EUDES Martel (-after 15 May 1134).� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134, witnessed by �Goffredus, Rogerius filii mei, Eudo, Gauterius, Baldricus fratres mei�[1163].�

c) WALTER Martel (-after 15 May 1134).� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134, witnessed by �Goffredus, Rogerius filii mei, Eudo, Gauterius, Baldricus fratres mei�[1164].� �Willelmus Martel dapifer regis� donated �ecclesiam de Aldeburch et de Haselwde� to Colchester St. John, when �corpus Rogeris fratris mei fuit sepultum in illo monasterio�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Walterus Martel, Baldricus Martel�[1165].�

d) BALDRIC Martel (-after 15 May 1134).� "Willermus Martel" donated Bacqueville church to the abbey of Sainte-Trinit� de Tiron, with the consent of "matris mee Albereye et uxoris mee similiter Albereye et Eudonis fratris mei", by charter dated 15 May 1134, witnessed by �Goffredus, Rogerius filii mei, Eudo, Gauterius, Baldricus fratres mei�[1166].� �Willelmus Martel dapifer regis� donated �ecclesiam de Aldeburch et de Haselwde� to Colchester St. John, when �corpus Rogeris fratris mei fuit sepultum in illo monasterio�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Walterus Martel, Baldricus Martel�[1167].�

e) ROGER Martel (-bur Colchester St. John).� �Willelmus Martel dapifer regis� donated �ecclesiam de Aldeburch et de Haselwde� to Colchester St. John, when �corpus Rogeris fratris mei fuit sepultum in illo monasterio�, by undated charter, witnessed by �Walterus Martel, Baldricus Martel�[1168].�

f) daughter .� Henry II King of England, by undated charter, confirmed donations to Clerkenwell St Mary, including the donation of �Bleneford� by "Willielmi Martelli et filii eius Galfridi et Albered� matris eiusdem Galfridi" to Clerkenwell St Mary�s, adding that the land had been donated by "G. Martell, pater Willielmi Martelli" to Winchester St Mary "cum filia sua"[1169].�

1. OSBERT Martel (-after 1149).� �Willielmus Martel et Albreda uxor eius et Gaufridus Martel filius eius� donated �manerium suum de Snape et de Aldeburc� to Colchester monastery by undated charter, witnessed by "�Osbernus Martel�"[1170].� "Ricardo de Lucy et Gaufrido Martel et Osberto Martel" witnessed the charter dated to [1149/54] under which King Stephen confirmed liberties of Abbotsbury abbey[1171].�

2. WILLIAM Martel (-after 1138).� "W[illelmo] Mart[el]" witnessed the undated charter under which King Stephen granted freedom from tolls to abbey[1172].� "Will[elm]o Mart[el] et Eud[one] Mart[el]�" witnessed the undated charter under which King Stephen confirmed the donation of land at North Baddesley to the abbey of St Denis, Southampton by "Rob de Limesia"[1173].�

MAUDUIT

Loyd indicates that this family originated in Saint-Martin-du-Bosc in the present-day French d�partement of Eure, arrondissement Les Andelys, canton Etrepagny[1174].� Philippe II King of France granted �la terre de Guillaume Mauduit � Saint-Martin� to �Jean fils d�Athon� by charter dated [Oct] 1207[1175], although as noted below the precise relationship between Guillaume Mauduit and the main Mauduit family has not been traced.�

[Two possible brothers:]

1. WILLIAM [I] Mauduit (-before [1105]).� Domesday Book records land held by �William Mauduit� in Rowner (Titchfiedl Hundred), Hartley Mauditt and Bessete (Neatham Hundred), Portchester (Portchester Hundred), Preston Candover (Bermondspit Hundred), and Shalden (Odiham Hundred), in Hampshire[1176].� "�Will. Malusconductus�" witnessed the charter dated 13 Jan 1103 which records an agreement between �Philippus de Braosa� and the abbey of F�camp[1177].� Eyton highlights that Dugdale notes William as �Chamberlain to Henry I� but observes that this �is probably erroneous�[1178].� m HAWISE, daughter of ---.� Henry I King of England granted "totam dotem suam�Sceldedenam et Herleiam et dominicum managium de Wincestr extra portam civitatis" to "Hadewise uxori Willelmi Malduit" by charter dated to [1102/05][1179].� William [I] & his wife had three children:�

a) ROBERT [I] Mauduit (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120).� Orderic Vitalis names "Rodbertus Malconductus" among those who drowned in the White Ship in 1120[1180].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Robertus Mauduit" used to hold one knights fee in Hampshire now held by "Robertus de Ponte Arche"[1181].� m ---.� The name of Robert�s wife is not known.� Robert & his wife had one child:�

i) CONSTANCE Mauduit .� The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Robertum filium Hildebrandi" fell in love with "Willelmus de Ponte Arcarum�uxorem", imprisoned her husband, but died from a painful illness, dated from the context to [1142][1182].� m GUILLAUME de Pont de l�Arche, son of --- (-after 1142).�

b) WILLIAM [II] Mauduit (-[1153/Aug 1158]).� Henry I King of England granted "totam dotem matris sue�terram de Sceldedena et de Herleia et dominicum managium suum de Wintonia extra portam civitatis" to "Willelmo Maledocto", and also confirmed to him the lands which "Robertus Maledoctus suus frater a me tenuit", by charter dated 1121[1183].�

-�� see below.�

c) daughter .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 29 Sep [1131/57] under which [her brother] "Willemus Maled camerarius regis" notified "hominibus Sancti Martini" that he had restored to "Johanni nepoti meo" land which "Johannes avus suus et Huonus pater suus et Willelmo de Sancto Martino patruus suus" had held "in Sancto Martino"[1184].� m HUGH de Saint-Martin, son of JOHN de Saint-Martin & his wife ---.�

2. [GUNFRID Mauduit (-after 1085).� Domesday Book records �Gunfrid Mauduit� holding Calstone Wellington in Wiltshire[1185].]�

The precise relationship between the following individuals and the main Mauduit family has not been traced.�

1. ROGER Mauduit .� The 1130 Pipe Roll records Robert d�Oilly sheriff of Oxfordshire accounting for "terre Rogeri Maledocti que habuit in custodia" in Oxfordshire[1186].� The Chronicle of Abingdon records that "Rogerus Maledoctus cum sua coniuge�Odelina" donated land and houses in Oxford to the monastery of Abingdon undated, witnessed by "Raineri medici, Turstini Basset"[1187].� m ODELINE, daughter of ---.� The Chronicle of Abingdon records that "Rogerus Maledoctus cum sua coniuge�Odelina" donated land and houses in Oxford to the monastery of Abingdon undated, witnessed by "Raineri medici, Turstini Basset"[1188].�

2. daughter (-after [Nov 1183/Nov 1184]).� Her marriage and relationship with the Mauduit family are indicated by the charter dated to [Nov 1183/Nov 1184] under which [her son] "Robertus de Ousbravill filius Fulconis" granted "civitatem meam de Ousbravill", except land which "mea mater tenet in doario", to "Willelmo Mauduit camerario domini regis Anglie, cognato meo et Roberto filio suo"[1189].� As she was still alive at the date of this charter, it is unlikely that she was the daughter of William [I] Mauduit.� It is also unlikely that she was the daughter of William [II] Mauduit as, in that case, William [III] Mauduit would have been the grantor�s uncle, a relationship which would probably have been referred to more specifically in the document.� m FOULQUES d�Ouville, son of ---.�

WILLIAM [II] Mauduit, son of WILLIAM [I] Mauduit & his wife Hawise --- (-[1153/Aug 1158]).� Henry I King of England granted "totam dotem matris sue�terram de Sceldedena et de Herleia et dominicum managium suum de Wintonia extra portam civitatis" to "Willelmo Maledocto", and also confirmed to him the lands which "Robertus Maledoctus suus frater a me tenuit", by charter dated 1121[1190].� Henry I King of England granted "totam terram Michaelis de Hamslap�cum Matilda filia ipsius�in uxorem" to "Willelmo Maledocto camerario meo pro servicio suo" by charter dated to [1131][1191].� Empress Matilda granted "Bergedunam" {Barrowden, Rutland} to "Will[el]mo Maledocto camerario meo" which "Mich[ael] de Hameslapa antecessor suus habuit", by charter dated [5/7] May 1141[1192].� "H[enricus] dux Normann[orum] et Aquit[anorum] et comes Andeg[avorum]" restored "Will[el]mo Maledocto cam[erario] meo" to his office and lands in Normandy and England, including what "Rob[er]tus Maledoctus frater suus" held from King Henry I, by charter dated [7 Jun] 1153, witnessed by "�Joh[ann]e Maledocto�"[1193].�

m ([1131]) MATILDA de Hanslope, daughter of MICHAEL de Hanslope & his wife ---.� Henry I King of England granted "totam terram Michaelis de Hamslap�cum Matilda filia ipsius�in uxorem" to "Willelmo Maledocto camerario meo pro servicio suo" by charter dated to [Aug 1131/Jul 1133][1194].�

William [II] & his wife had [four] children:�

1. WILLIAM [III] Mauduit ([1131/33]- 2 Oct 1194, bur Waverley Abbey).� Henry II King of England confirmed "baroniam totam quam pater suus de me tenuit, tan in Anglia quam in Normannia" to "Willelmo Malduit filio Willelmi Mald camerarii mei" by charter dated to [Dec 1154/Aug 1158][1195].�� Chamberlain.� "Comes Simon" confirmed to "Willelmo Malduit camerario domini regis et Isabelle uxori sue" the land "in Grendon�" which "comes Simon pater meus dedit Willelmo Malduit et Isabelle uxori sue in libero maritagio" by charter dated to [1158/74][1196].�� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record the knight feeholders from "Willelmus Malduit camerarius" in Buckinghamshire[1197].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmus Maudut, camerarius xxiii s iv d, et de novo xxxvi s viii d" in Buckinghamshire in [1167/68][1198].� �Wills Mald Cam� paid towards the young king�s marriage and towards the king�s campaign in Ireland in 1171[1199].� �Wills Mald Cam� contributed towards royal marriage expenses in 1174[1200].� �Willielmum Malduit Camerarium et Johannem Cumin� transported treasure from Northampton to Nottingham for the king in [Dec 1179][1201].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Willelmus Mauduit camerarius" paying "xvii s vi d, i militem et tres partes" in Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire[1202].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], names "Willelmus Mauduit camerarius" among those granted delay in payment "per brevis" in Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire[1203].� The Annals of Waverley record the death �VI Non Oct� in 1194 of �Willelmus Maldut� and his burial �apud Waverleiam�[1204].� m ISABELLE de Senlis, daughter of SIMON de Senlis Earl of Huntingdon & his wife Isabelle de Beaumont.� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated to [1158/74] under which [her brother] "Comes Simon" confirmed to "Willelmo Malduit camerario domini regis et Isabelle uxori sue" the land "in Grendon�" which "comes Simon pater meus dedit Willelmo Malduit et Isabelle uxori sue in libero maritagio"[1205].�� It should be noted that Eyton reproduces �an abstract of an agreement� under which William Prior of Lewes granted revenue to �Adeliciam Malduit et filios eius Robertum, Willielmum, Radulfum et Henricum�, relating to the anniversary of �Willielmi [Malduit] Camerarii viri Adelicie�, by charter dated �anno primo Henrici regis junioris filii regis Henrici� [1170/71][1206].� If this document is correct as written, there must have been two chamberlains named William, the second being the wife of Isabelle de Senlis.� The chronology for this suggestion appears difficult, considering the marriage of William [II] dated to [1131] and the marriage of William [IV] (see below) in 1208.� Until more information comes to light, it is assumed that there is some unexplained difficulty with the document reproduced by Eyton.� William [III] & his wife had [two] children:�

a) ROBERT [II] Mauduit (-[1217/Jun 1222]).� "Robertus de Ousbravill filius Fulconis" granted "civitatem meam de Ousbravill", except land which "mea mater tenet in doario", to "Willelmo Mauduit camerario domini regis Anglie, cognato meo et Roberto filio suo" by charter dated to [Nov 1183/Nov 1184][1207].�

-�� see below.�

b) [GUILLAUME Mauduit (-before [Oct] 1207).� Philippe II King of France granted �la terre de Guillaume Mauduit � Saint-Martin� to �Jean fils d�Athon� by charter dated [Oct] 1207[1208].� The reference to Saint-Martin, which was also named in connection with Guillaume�s supposed great-uncle John around the same time, suggests a close family relationship.� Maybe Guillaume was the son of William [IV] and heir to John Mauduit.]�

2. ALICE Mauduit ([1134]-after 1184).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �in Morcote� held by �Alizia de Bidune, soror Willelmi Mauduit...L annorum�, adding that she has �iv filias� and naming their husbands[1209].� Her age suggests her parentage.� Another section of the Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records �domina de Lateburia que fuit uxor Johannis de Bidune et soror camerarii de Hameslepe� and �terra sua in Lateberia�, with �iv filias maritatas et i est maritanda�[1210].� m JOHN de Bidun, son of HALENALD de Bidun & his first wife Sara --- (-before 1184).�

3. [JOHN Mauduit (-[after 1178]).� "H[enricus] dux Normann[orum] et Aquit[anorum] et comes Andeg[avorum]" restored "Will[el]mo Maledocto cam[erario] meo" to his office and lands in Normandy and England, including what "Rob[er]tus Maledoctus frater suus" held from King Henry I, by charter dated [7 Jun] 1153, witnessed by "�Joh[ann]e Maledocto�"[1211].� It is possible that the witness was the son of the grantee.� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record "Johannem Malduit" holding one knight�s fee from "Willelmus Malduit camerarius" in Buckinghamshire[1212].� �Iohs Mald et Turstin fil Sim� rendered accounts in the archbishopric of Canterbury in 1172[1213].� Domesday Descendants notes that he died after 1178 "leaving issue" but gives no further details[1214].� Philippe II King of France granted �la terre que Jean et Robert Mauduit avaient poss�d�e � Saint-Martin� to �Baudouin de Lihus� by charter dated [22 Apr 1207/5 Apr 1208][1215].]�

4. MATILDA Mauduit (-after 1184).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �in Wulrintone� held by �Hamo filius Hamonis filii Meinfelin�xx annorum�, adding that his father died �die Veneris ante Ascensionem�, that he is �nepos Willelmi Mauduit ex parte matris�[1216].� The age of her son suggests Matilda�s parentage.� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �in Stokes� held by �Matilda que fuit uxor Hamonis Meinfelini�[1217].� m HAMON, son of MEINFELIN & his wife --- (-May 1184).�

5. SIBYLLA Mauduit (-after 1185).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �in Westone� held by �Sibilla que fuit uxor Galfridi Ridel, et soror Willelmi Mauduit�, adding that she has �ii filios et i filiam�, but that �Ricardus Basset, qui fuit de prima uxore viri sui� was the heir[1218].� Another passage in the same source records property �in Frixtone� held by �Sibilla que fuit uxor Gaufridi Ridel et soror Willelmi Mauduit�, adding that �Gaufridus Basset ei dedit in dotem� and that �Ricardus Basset� is heir[1219].� m as his second wife, GEOFFREY Ridel, son of RICHARD Basset & his wife Matilda Ridel (-before 1185).]�

No primary source has been identified which confirms the parentage of Robert Mauduit shown below.� His appointment as chamberlain suggests a close relationship with the preceding family.� Maybe he was a younger brother of William [III].�

1. ROBERT Mauduit (-[1190/Nov 1191]).� �Robto Mald et Hug de Kewilli� were paid expenses relating to the transport of the king, dated to May 1172[1220].� Robert Mauduit was jailor of Queen Eleanor in Jul 1174 when she came to England �as a State prisoner�[1221]: �Robto Mald� was paid �ad pcurationem Regine� and �in corre Regine� in 1174[1222].� Chamberlain: �...Roberto Mauduit camerario...� witnessed the charter dated to [Jul 1175] under which King Henry II granted land to �Rogero Mussun�[1223].� King Henry II confirmed �manerium de Werminster� to �Roberto Mauduit Camerario meo� by undated charter (which Eyton suggests could be dated to 1177)[1224].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Robertus Mauduit xx s de feodo i militis in Wermunstre" in Wiltshire in [1186/87][1225].� �Robertus Mauduit domini regis camerarii� granted �manerium...de Werminster� to �Roberto Mauduit filio meo� by charter dated to [1187/88][1226].� The following document indicates that the manor reverted to Robert Mauduit senior: King Richard I confirmed �manerium...de Werminster� to �Roberto Mauduit Camerario meo�, in the same way that King Henry II had confirmed it to him, by charter dated to [1189/90][1227].� Eyton notes the Pipe Roll in Michaelmas 1191 recording Robert Mauduit as dead[1228].� [m firstly ---.� No document has been found which confirms this marriage, but as noted below the apparent difference in age between Robert Mauduit�s two sons Robert and Thomas suggests that they may not have shared the same mother.]� m [secondly] as her first husband, AGNES de la Mare, daughter of ROBERT de la Mare of Castle Holgate, Shropshire & his wife Aliza --- (-[1197/99]).� Eyton records that Agnes de la Mare, a widow, confirmed her late father�s bequest of Uffington to Haughmond abbey by charter dated 1193, Richard I confirming the gift made by Robert de la Mare and Agnes his daughter 25 Apr 1194[1229].� She married secondly Ralph de Arderne.� Robert & his [first/second] wife had one child:�

a) ROBERT Mauduit ([before 1166?]-[1187/89]).� Robert Mauduit was presumably of age at the time of the following document.� If that is correct, he was much older than his brother Thomas, in which case Robert may have been born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage of his father.� �Robertus Mauduit domini regis camerarii� granted �manerium...de Werminster� to �Roberto Mauduit filio meo� by charter dated to [1187/88][1230].� The [1189/90] charter quoted above indicates that Robert junior must have died soon after this grant as the manor was reconfirmed to Robert senior by King Richard I.�

Robert & his [second] wife had [two] children:�

b) THOMAS Mauduit ([after 1181]-[1242]).� Eyton suggests that Thomas was �probably under ten years of age� when his father died, citing proceedings in a lawsuit dated 1194 and 1199, in the latter case in which he was represented by Hugh de Bosco his guardian[1231].� Writs dated 21 and 23 Feb 1207 related to payments of Robert Mauduit�s �original fine for Warminster�, with amounts assessed against �Thomas Mauduit the heir and...Hugh de Bosco who had had custody of the said heir�[1232].� After Thomas joined the barons� party against King John, the king granted Warminster to �Ralph Gernun� 1 Sep 1216 and Castle Holgate to Hugh de Mortimer of Wigmore 13 Sep 1216, before Thomas Mauduit was reinstated in his possessions in 1218[1233].� m ---.� The name of Thomas�s wife is not known.� Thomas & his wife had three children:�

i) ROBERT Mauduit (-after [1242]).� William Mauduit, in a lawsuit against the prior of Wenlock concerning Oxenbold, recorded his title descending from Robert de la Mare, to Agnes his daughter, to Thomas her son and heir, and from Thomas to �Robert and Thomas his sons, who died successively without issue�, and then to �William their brother, the present plaintiff�[1234].�

ii) THOMAS Mauduit (-after [1242]).� William Mauduit, in a lawsuit against the prior of Wenlock concerning Oxenbold, recorded his title descending from Robert de la Mare, to Agnes his daughter, to Thomas her son and heir, and from Thomas to �Robert and Thomas his sons, who died successively without issue�, and then to �William their brother, the present plaintiff�[1235].�

iii) WILLIAM Mauduit (-after Jul 1257).� William Mauduit, in a lawsuit against the prior of Wenlock concerning Oxenbold, recorded his title descending from Robert de la Mare, to Agnes his daughter, to Thomas her son and heir, and from Thomas to �Robert and Thomas his sons, who died successively without issue�, and then to �William their brother, the present plaintiff�[1236].� Eyton summarises the documents which confirm his career between 1245 and 1257[1237].� Inquisitions in Shropshire record �Wills Maudut� holding �castre� Holegod� in Shropshire, listing his fiefs and fiefholders, dated by Eyton to 1255[1238].� Letters of protection for campaigning in Wales were granted to �William Mauduit of Warminster� in Jul 1257[1239].� Eyton states that �the baronial house of Mauduit now vanished from Shropshire history�, noting that Dugdale showed some further supposed descendants in Warminster while omitting William�s immediate successor[1240].� The Victoria County History of Wiltshire provides an outline of the subsequent succession of the Mauduit family in Warminster[1241].�

c) [ROBERT Mauduit ([1188/90]-after 1216).� Eyton notes Robert Mauduit as �Governor of Deddington Castle, Oxfordshire� in 1216 (no source cited) and suggests that he was the son of Robert Mauduit chamberlain[1242].� If that is correct, he was a younger son born after the death of his presumed older brother Robert.� Another possibility is that the governor of Deddington was the same person as Robert Mauduit who married --- Giffard (acknowledging that the two could have been the same person).]�

1. ANSELM Mauduit (-after 1166).� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Anselinus Mauduit" held one knights fee in Dorset from the abbot of St Edward�s[1243].�

ROBERT [II] Mauduit, son of WILLIAM [III] Mauduit & his wife Isabelle de Senlis (-[1217/Jun 1222]).� "Robertus de Ousbravill filius Fulconis" granted "civitatem meam de Ousbravill", except land which "mea mater tenet in doario", to "Willelmo Mauduit camerario domini regis Anglie, cognato meo et Roberto filio suo" by charter dated to [Nov 1183/Nov 1184][1244].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1196/97], records "Robertus Malduit" paying "xxv s, i militem et tres partes" in Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire[1245].� Philippe II King of France granted �la terre que Jean et Robert Mauduit avaient poss�d�e � Saint-Martin� to �Baudouin de Lihus� by charter dated [22 Apr 1207/5 Apr 1208][1246].� The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land in Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, dated to [1208/10]: "Robertus Mauduit camerarius" held "Hamslap�"[1247]. �The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Robertus Maudut" holding land "Berewedone per camerarium" in Rutland in [1210/12][1248].� Henry III King of England granted letters of conduct to "Willelmus Maudut" to "comitem W. Marescallum, ad loquendem cum eo de deliberacione R. patris sui" dated [early] 1217[1249].� Henry III King of England granted "honorem de Hamslape�que fuerunt Roberti Mauduit [�camerarii]" to "Henrico de Brayboef" dated to [Mar] 1217[1250].�

m as her first husband, ISABELLA Basset, daughter of THURSTAN Basset & his wife --- (-[24 Oct/11 Dec] 1225).� "Isabella who was the wife of Robert Mauduit, who is one of the heirs of Thurstan Basset�" made a fine "for having her rightful portion�of lands formerly of Thurstan her father" in the honour of Wallingford, dated 8 Jan 1223[1251].� She may have married secondly (after 24 Oct 1225) Thomas de Venuz.� "Thomas de Venuz" made a fine for marrying "Isabella, who was the wife of Robert Mauduit�if she will consent to this", dated 24 Oct 1225[1252].� It is not certain that this second marriage took place as Isabella died soon after the date of the document.�

Robert [II] & his wife had one child:�

1. WILLIAM [IV] Mauduit of Hanslope, Berkshire (-before 14 Feb 1257).� Henry III King of England granted letters of conduct to "Willelmus Maudut" to "comitem W. Marescallum, ad loquendem cum eo de deliberacione R. patris sui" dated [early] 1217[1253].� "William Mauduit" gave pledges for "full seisin�of all lands�of which Robert Mauduit his father was seised on the day he died" in Hampshire, dated [Jun] 1222[1254].� "William Mauduit" paid homage to the king for "the lands that Isabella Basset, mother of the said William, whose heir he is, held in chief in his bailiwick", dated 11 Dec 1225[1255].� A charter dated 3 Feb 1247 records a final agreement between "Johannem de Plesseto" and "Willelmum Mauduyt et Aliciam uxorem eius", relating to "maneriis Warwyk�pertientibus ad comitatum Warr, unde Thomas frater Margerie uxoris eiusdem Johannis, cuius heres ipsa est", agreeing the succession of the latter if the wife of the former died without heirs[1256].�� m ([30 Nov] 1208) ALICE of Warwick, daughter of WALERAN Earl of Warwick & his second wife Alice d'Harcourt (-[3 Feb 1247/1263]).� King John confirmed "manerio de Wauton", granted to "Alic fil com Walann de Warewic" by "predictus com Walann ad se maritand", by charter dated 30 Nov 1208[1257].� A charter dated 3 Feb 1247 records a final agreement between "Johannem de Plesseto" and "Willelmum Mauduyt et Aliciam uxorem eius", relating to "maneriis Warwyk�pertientibus ad comitatum Warr, unde Thomas frater Margerie uxoris eiusdem Johannis, cuius heres ipsa est", agreeing the succession of the latter if the wife of the former died without heirs[1258].�� William [IV] & his wife had three children:�

a) RICHARD Mauduit (-after [1212/13]).� A charter dated to [1212/13] confirmed that "Thom Maudut" had freed "Ric fil Willi Maudut" from being a hostage to the king[1259].�

b) WILLIAM [V] Mauduit ([1220/21]-8 Jan 1267, bur Westminster Abbey).� He succeeded his father in [1257] in his lands and as joint hereditary Chamberlain of the Exchequer.� He succeeded in 1263 as Earl of Warwick on the death of Earl John du Plessis, second husband of his first cousin Margery Ctss of Warwick.� A writ dated 20 Jan "52 Hen III", after the death of "William Maudut�earl of Warwick", names "William de Bello Campo the younger, son of hs sister Isabel deceased who was married to William de Bello Campo the elder, age variously stated as 26 and more, and 30 and more,, is his heir"[1260].� m ALICE de Segrave, daughter of GILBERT de Segrave & his wife Amabil de Chaucombe (-after 8 Jan 1268).� A writ dated 20 Jan "52 Hen III", after the death of "William Maudut�earl of Warwick", records that "Alice late his wife seeks her dower"[1261].�

c) ISABEL Mauduit (-after 7 Jan 1269).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a writ dated 20 Jan "52 Hen III", after the death of "William Maudut�earl of Warwick", which names her son "William de Bello Campo the younger, son of his sister Isabel deceased who was married to William de Bello Campo the elder, age variously stated as 26 and more, and 30 and more,, is his heir"[1262].� "Dominum Willelmum de Bello Campo, vicecomitem Wygorn et Isabellam uxorem eius" granted "totam terram suam�in Uplodecoumbe" to "dominam Isabellam de Mortuo Mare" by charter dated [24 Jun 1250], witnessed by "�domino Jacobo de Bello Campo�"[1263].� The will of "William de Beauchamp", dated 7 Jan 1268, chose burial �in the church of the Friars Minors of Worcester�, requested a daily mass there for the souls of �Isabel my wife, Isabel de Mortimer�, bequeathed property to "Walter my son...Joane my daughter...Isabel my daughter...Sibill my daughter...Sarah my daughter...William my eldest son...my daughter the countess his wife...Isabel my wife..."[1264].� m WILLIAM [IV] de Beauchamp of Elmley, Worcestershire, son of WALTER [III] de Beauchamp of Elmley & his wife Joan Mortimer (-[7 Jan/21 Apr] 1269).�

The following persons were presumably collateral descendants of the main Mauduit family, but their precise family relationships have not been ascertained.�

1. ROBERT Mauduit (-[1232/42]).� Robert Mauduit who married --- Giffard could not have been Robert, father of William Mauduit of Hanslope, whose mother Isabella Basset survived her husband.� Maybe he was the son of that Robert.� [Eyton notes Robert Mauduit as �Governor of Deddington Castle, Oxfordshire� in 1216 (no source cited) and suggests that he was the son of Robert Mauduit chamberlain (see above)[1265].� Another possibility is that the governor of Deddington was the same person as Robert Mauduit who married --- Giffard (acknowledging that the two could have been the same person).]� The Red Book of the Exchequer, in [1209/10] (�Anno Regis Johannis XI�), records "Robertus de Mandeville" charged "pro habendis terris qu� fuerunt Roberti Giffardi" in Wiltshire, and in Oxfordshire �Robertus Mauduit...pro habenda parte sua de terris...qu� fuerunt Roberti Giffard, tenenda de Roberto de Mandeville tanquam de primogenito participe suo, salva eidem Roberto esnecia sua�[1266].� Round discusses the significance of �esnecia sua� (�[droit] d�a�nesse�)[1267].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, in [1211/12] (�Anno Regis Johannis XIII�), records payments made by "Robertus de Mandeville et Robertus Maudut et Willelmus Comin" for 1 knight�s fee "quod [fuit] Gerardi Giffard" in Wiltshire[1268].� An order dated 1220 records that, whereas �Andrew Giffard, who held the Barony of Fontil by hereditary right, was dead and had resigned the Barony temp. King John...to Robert de Mandeville, Robert Mauduit, William Cumin and William de Fontibus, as right heirs of the Barony�, the �vavassoria� were now delivered to �Robert de Mandeville and the other heirs above named�, Round discussing �vavassoria�[1269].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1232, records payments made by "Robertus Maudut...Willelmus Comin...sed Robertus de Mandeville debet eois acquietare"[1270].� The Testa de Nevill records [1242/43] "Johannes de Cantilupo heres Roberti Maudut" and �heres Willelmi de Fontibus� holding �feudum unius militis in Funtel de Galfrido de Mandevil� in Wiltshire[1271].� m (before 1209) --- Giffard, daughter of ROBERT Giffard & his wife ---.� Domesday Descendants notes the death of Robert Giffard in 1209 "when his heirs were daughters married to Robert Mauduit, Robert de Mandeville and William Comin", but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1272].� Robert & his wife had one child:�

a) daughter .� The Testa de Nevill records [1242/43] "Johannes de Cantilupo heres Roberti Maudut" [presumably Robert�s son-in-law or grandson, source which confirms this not found] and �heres Willelmi de Fontibus� holding �feudum unius militis in Funtel de Galfrido de Mandevil� in Wiltshire[1273].� m --- de Cauntelo, son of ---.�

2. GODFREY Mauduit (-after 24 Apr 1200).� King John confirmed "villas de Hesset et de Bekenfeld�qs habeat ex dono Constanc fil Walt filii Willelmi" to "Godfr Mauduit" by charter dated 24 Apr 1200[1274].�

3. JOHN Mauduit (-before 1219).� m ---.� The name of John�s wife is not known.� John & his wife had three children:�

a) AGNES Mauduit (-after 1219).� Bracton records a summons, dated 1219, to "Roberto Morin et Agneti uxori eius et Thome le Sauuage et Auicie uxori et Roberto de la Legha et Flandr uxori eius" concerning "ecclesiam de Andrintona" which was donated by "Johannes Maudut pater ipsarum Agnetis, Auicie et Flandr"[1275].� m ROBERT Morin, son of ---.�

b) HAWISE Mauduit (-after 1219).� Bracton records a summons, dated 1219, to "Roberto Morin et Agneti uxori eius et Thome le Sauuage et Auicie uxori et Roberto de la Legha et Flandr uxori eius" concerning "ecclesiam de Andrintona" which was donated by "Johannes Maudut pater ipsarum Agnetis, Auicie et Flandr"[1276].� m THOMAS le Savage, son of ---.�

c) FLANDRINA Mauduit (-after 1219).� Bracton records a summons, dated 1219, to "Roberto Morin et Agneti uxori eius et Thome le Sauuage et Auicie uxori et Roberto de la Legha et Flandr uxori eius" concerning "ecclesiam de Andrintona" which was donated by "Johannes Maudut pater ipsarum Agnetis, Auicie et Flandr"[1277].� m ROBERT de la Legh, son of ---.�

1. ROGER Mauduit (-after 1198).� m as her second husband, ISABEL de Brus, widow of HENRY de Percy, daughter of ADAM de Brus of Skelton, Yorkshire & his wife Jueta de Archis ([1168/70]-after 1230).� A charter dated to [1190/96] notified that �Adam de Brus� granted property to �Henrico de Perci et Isabelle filie mee uxori sue� on their marriage[1278].� This suggests that Isabel must have been only eleven years old at the most at the time of her marriage, assuming that her father�s dates of marriage and death are correctly stated above.� �Juetta de Arches� granted property to �Isabelle de Brus filie mee� by charter dated to 1192[1279].� The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified.��

2. THOMAS Mauduit (-after [Nov] 1222).� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Thomas Mauduit" holding one knight�s fee "in Werministre" in Wiltshire in [1210/12][1280].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Thomas Mauduit et Willelmus de Kantilupo" holding five knights� fees in Shropshire in [1210/12][1281].� A charter dated to [1212/13] confirmed that "Thom Maudut" had freed "Ric fil Willi Maudut" from being a hostage to the king[1282].� "Thomas Mauduit" paid the king "for having a weekly market�at Castle Holdgate" in Shropshire, dated [Nov] 1222[1283].�

3. ROBERT Mauduit .� A document dated 15 May 1227 records thirteen donations to Maiden Bradley, including the donations �of Robert Mauduit a mark of land in Bissopeston...of Agnes de Mara, late the wife of Robert Mauduit...in Tarent�[1284].� m AGNES de Mara, daughter of ---.� A document dated 15 May 1227 records thirteen donations to Maiden Bradley, including the donations �of Robert Mauduit a mark of land in Bissopeston...of Agnes de Mara, late the wife of Robert Mauduit...in Tarent�[1285].�

4. ROBERT Mauduit .� m BEATRICE Murdac, daughter of RALPH Murdac & his wife Eva de Gray.�

5. THOMAS Mauduit .� m ELIZABETH de Knoxville, daughter of BOGO de Knoxville & his wife ---.� Eyton notes a seal of �d�n� Elizabeth� de Knovile� attached to a lease from �Elizabetha filia Bogoni de Knoville et uxor quondam domini Thom� Mauduit...�, undated[1286].� Bogo de Knoxville is recorded in a document dated to [Nov 1276][1287].�

MERLAY

1. RALPH [I] de Merlay (-bur Newminster).� An undated roll records that �Rogerus de Merlay� holds �...Morpath cum Tranewell...� and that �de eodem Rogero tenet Ranulphus de Merlay Heppiscotes...�, undated[1288].� Lord of Morpeth. �An undated roll records that �Rogerus de Merlay� holds �...Morpath cum Tranewell...� and that �de eodem Rogero tenet Ranulphus de Merlay Heppiscotes...�, undated[1289].� �Ranulphus de Merlay� founded Newminster at �Rittunam...silv� de Wittuna...inter Morpada et Milford...�, with the consent of �uxoris me� et puerorum meorum�, by undated charter[1290].� An undated roll records that �Ranulphus...cum Juliana uxore eius et Osbero filio eius� were buried at Newminster[1291].� m JULIANA, daughter of Earl GOSPATRICK & [his wife ---] (-bur Newminster).� A charter of Henry I King of England confirms that he arranged the marriage of �Ranulpho de Merlay� and �Julianam filiam comitis Cospatricii�, that she was granted �Horsley, Stanton, Witton, Ritton, Wyndgates� as her dower, and that they later founded Newminster Abbey, witnessed by �Patricio filio�Johanne Peverell de Baalcampo� and confirmed by �Edgarus filius Cospatricii comitis�[1292].� �Edgarus Gospatri comitis filius� confirmed the dowry of �Witton�, Horsley, Stanton�, Ritton�, Wyndfates et Leurchilde� given to �Julian� sorori me�� by their father, by undated charter[1293].� An undated roll records that �Ranulphus...cum Juliana uxore eius et Osbero filio eius� were buried at Newminster[1294].� Ralph & his wife had children:

a) ROGER [I] de Merlay (-bur Newminster).� �Rogerus de Merlay� confirmed the foundation of Newminster by �pater meus Ra[nulphus]� and made donations by undated charter[1295].� An undated roll records that �Rogerus de Merlay primus� was buried at Newminster with his father[1296].� m ---.� The primary source which confirms the name of Roger�s wife has not been identified.� Roger [I] & his wife had two children:�

i) WILLIAM de Merlay .� �Willelmus de Merlay� confirmed the donations to Newminster by �patris sui�, undated[1297].�

ii) ROGER [II] de Merlay (-bur Newminster).� �Rogerus de Merlay IIdus� donated property to Newminster, undated[1298].�

-�� see below.�

b) OSBERT de Merlay (-bur Newminster).� An undated roll records that �Ranulphus...cum Juliana uxore eius et Osbero filio eius� were buried at Newminster[1299].�

ROGER [II] de Merlay, son of ROGER [I] de Merlay & his wife --- (-bur Newminster).� �Rogerus de Merlay IIdus� donated property to Newminster, undated[1300].� An undated roll records that �Rogerus de Merlay secundus� was buried at Newminster with his father[1301].�

m ---.� The primary source which confirms the name of Roger�s wife has not been identified.�

Roger [II] & his wife had one child:�

1. ROGER [III] de Merlay .� An undated roll records �Rogerus de Merlay tercius� as son of �Rogerus de Merlay secundus�, and records his donations to Newminster[1302].� �Rogerus de Merlay tercius� donated property to Newminster, undated[1303].� �Rogerus de Merlay IIIus� donated property to Newminster, for his soul and that of �Isabell� uxoris me��, by undated charter[1304].� m ISABEL, daughter of ---.� �Rogerus de Merlay IIIus� donated property to Newminster, for his soul and that of �Isabell� uxoris me��, by undated charter[1305].� Roger [III] & his wife had three children:�

a) MARGERY [Mary] de Merlay ([1242]-after 6 May 1289).� An undated roll records �Maria et Johanna fili� et h�redes Rogeri [tercii]�, noting that the former married �Thomas [error for Willelmus] baro de Graystok� by whom she had �Johannem de Graystok�[1306].� Her parentage and two marriages are confirmed by an undated document which records that �Maria, uxor Willelmi de Craystok� appointed �Willelmum virum suum� as proxy against �Hugonem de Bolebek de placito dotis� and another document which relates that �Willelmus de Greystok et Margeria uxor eius...� claimed land �in Dodington et Nesebyt�, granted to her as dower by �Walterus de Bolebek filius et heres pr�dicti Hugonis quondam vir pr�dict� Margeri�� with the consent of �pr�dicti Hugonis patris sui� and as agreed 6 Feb 1253 with �Rogerum de Merlay patrem pr�dict� Margeri�, cujus heres ipsa est�, from �Hugonem de Bolebek�[1307].� Wilson dates the claim to 1256[1308].� Inquisitions dated early Feb "52 Hen III", after the death of "Alice de Merlay", record that "her sisters Mary the wife of Sir William de Greystoke, aged 26, and Isabel de Merlay, aged 12, are her heirs" and lists her property in Northumberland[1309].� William de Greystoke did homage for these properties of his wife in 1268[1310].� Inquisitions following a writ dated 28 Apr "17 Edw I", after the death of "William son of Thomas de Creystock...", lists his properties in Northumberland �held of the king in chief, together with a moiety of the dower of Margery de Merley in Ulcham, Great Benton, Killyngworth and Horseley, which is now in the hand of the said Margery�[1311].� m firstly (contract 6 Feb 1253) WALTER de Bolebec, son of HUGH de Bolebec & his wife Tiphaine --- (-[6 Feb 1253/1256]).� m secondly ([1255/56]) WILLIAM de Greystoke, son of ([1233/34]-before 28 Apr 1289).�

b) ALICE de Merlay (-before Feb 1268).� Inquisitions dated early Feb "52 Hen III", after the death of "Alice de Merlay", record that "her sisters Mary the wife of Sir William de Greystoke, aged 26, and Isabel de Merlay, aged 12, are her heirs" and lists her property in Northumberland[1312].� William de Greystoke did homage for these properties of his wife in 1268[1313].�

c) ISABEL [Joan] de Merlay ([1255/56]-).� Inquisitions dated early Feb "52 Hen III", after the death of "Alice de Merlay", record that "her sisters Mary the wife of Sir William de Greystoke, aged 26, and Isabel de Merlay, aged 12, are her heirs" and lists her property in Northumberland[1314].� William de Greystoke did homage for these properties of his wife in 1268[1315].� An undated roll records �Maria et Johanna fili� et h�redes Rogeri [tercii]�, noting that the latter married �Robertus de Someruill� by whom she had �quinque filios Robertum, Rogerum, Adam, Johannem et Philippum, et Isabellam filiam� (adding more information about them)[1316].� m ROBERT de Somerville, son of --- (-11 Sep 1297).�

LORDS of MIDDLEHAM, YORKSHIRE

RIBALD, illegitimate son of EUDES de Bretagne Comte de Penthievre & his mistress --- .� �Ribaldus frater comitis� donated property to St Mary, York, for the soul of �Alani comitis et Beatricis uxoris me��, by undated charter[1317].� �Comes Alanus Rufus� donated property to Swavesey Abbey, Cambridgeshire, for the soul of �patris sui Eudonis comitis�, by undated charter witnessed by ��Ribaldus et Bardulfus fratres comitis��[1318].�

m [firstly] [BEATRIX], daughter of IVO Taillebois [I] & his wife Lucy ---.� Assuming that �genero� in the following document was used in its strict sense of son-in-law, Ribald�s wife was Ivo�s daughter: �Ivo Talliebois� donated property to St Mary, York, for the soul of �uxoris me� Luci��, by undated charter witnessed by �Lucia uxore mea, Ribaldo genero meo, Radulpho Taillebois��[1319].� The difficulty is that �gener� was sometimes used in medieval documents to indicate brother-in-law.� Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that the "only daughter" of "Ivo Taillebois�[and] his wife the lady Lucia" married "a husband of noble rank" but "died before her father"[1320].� It is possible that this passage refers to the wife of Ribald.� Assuming that this was the same wife of Ribald, her name is confirmed by the following document: �Ribaldus frater comitis� donated property to St Mary, York, for the soul of �Alani comitis et Beatricis uxoris me��, by undated charter[1321].� However, as Ingulph says that Ivo�s daughter predeceased her father, it is possible that Beatrix was a later wife of Ribald and not Ivo�s daughter.�

[m secondly BEATRIX, daughter of ---.� �Ribaldus frater comitis� donated property to St Mary, York, for the soul of �Alani comitis et Beatricis uxoris me��, by undated charter[1322].� As noted above, it is possible that Beatrix was a later wife of Ribald.� This assumes that the passage in Ingulph�s Chronicle quoted above is accurate and that Ivo�s �only daughter�, who predeceased her father, was Ribald�s wife.]�

Ribald & his [first/second] wife had [four] children:�

1. RALPH .� A charter dated to [1145/54] records the dowry granted by �Robertus de Brus� to �Agathe filie sue� on her marriage to �Radulfo Ribaldi filio�, witnessed by ��Petro de Brus, Ernaldo de Perci�Herveo Ribaldi filio��[1323].� A mid-15th century manuscript lists "Radulphum, Heruey�dictum Tailbois, Raynaldum�dictum Taylboys, Willelmum�dictum Tailbois" as the sons of "Ribaldus frater comitis" and his wife "Beatrix uxor Ribaldi"[1324].� m AGATHA de Brus, daughter of ROBERT [I] de Brus of Skelton & his [first/second] wife [Agnes Paynell/Agnes ---].� A charter dated to [1145/54] records the dowry granted by �Robertus de Brus� to �Agathe filie sue� on her marriage to �Radulfo Ribaldi filio�, witnessed by ��Petro de Brus, Ernaldo de Perci�Herveo Ribaldi filio��[1325].� Ralph & his wife had one child:�

a) ROBERT .� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Robertum" as the son of "Radulphum filium Ribaldi" and his wife "Agatha�filia Roberti de Bruys de Skelton"[1326].� m HELOISE de Glanville, daughter of RANDULF de Glanville & his wife --- (-1 Mar 1195).� A mid-15th century manuscript records that "Robertum filium Radulphi" married "Helwisia filia Ranulphi Glamuille"[1327].� An undated manuscript names �Matildem, Amabillam et Helwisiam� as the three daughters of �Ranulphus de Glanville quondam justiciarius Angli� et fundator domus de Buttele� and his wife, adding that Heloise was granted �ex dono patris sui...medietatem vill� de Baudeseye et medietatem vill� de Finbergh� and married �Robertum filium Roberti� by whom she had �Radulphus filius et h�res� (listing his descendants)[1328].� Robert & his wife had three children:�

i) WALERAN .� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Walranum filium primum qui obiit sine prole, Radulphum�obiit sine prole, Ranulphum" as the sons of "Robertum filium Radulphi" and his wife "Helwisia filia Ranulphi Glamville"[1329].�

ii) RALPH .� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Walranum filium primum qui obiit sine prole, Radulphum�obiit sine prole, Ranulphum" as the sons of "Robertum filium Radulphi" and his wife "Helwisia filia Ranulphi Glamville"[1330].� An undated manuscript names �Matildem, Amabillam et Helwisiam� as the three daughters of �Ranulphus de Glanville quondam justiciarius Angli� et fundator domus de Buttele� and his wife, adding that Heloise was granted �ex dono patris sui...medietatem vill� de Baudeseye et medietatem vill� de Finbergh� and married �Robertum filium Roberti� by whom she had �Radulphus filius et h�res� (listing his descendants)[1331].�

iii) RANDULF (-1251, bur Coverham).� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Walranum filium primum qui obiit sine prole, Radulphum�obiit sine prole, Ranulphum" as the sons of "Robertum filium Radulphi" and his wife "Helwisia filia Ranulphi Glamville"[1332].�

-�� see below.�

2. [HERVE "Taillebois" .� A charter dated to [1145/54] records the dowry granted by �Robertus de Brus� to �Agathe filie sue� on her marriage to �Radulfo Ribaldi filio�, witnessed by ��Petro de Brus, Ernaldo de Perci�Herveo Ribaldi filio��[1333].� A mid-15th century manuscript lists "Radulphum, Heruey�dictum Tailbois, Raynaldum�dictum Taylboys, Willelmum�dictum Tailbois" as the sons of "Ribaldus frater comitis" and his wife "Beatrix uxor Ribaldi"[1334].� Their name �Taillebois� suggests that the mother of the three last named sons was the daughter of Ivo Taillebois, although the accuracy of a 15th century source to record events which occurred more than 300 years earlier is uncertain.]�

3. [RAYNAUD "Taillebois" .� A mid-15th century manuscript lists "Radulphum, Heruey�dictum Tailbois, Raynaldum�dictum Taylboys, Willelmum�dictum Tailbois" as the sons of "Ribaldus frater comitis" and his wife "Beatrix uxor Ribaldi"[1335].� Their name �Taillebois� suggests that the mother of the three last named sons was the daughter of Ivo Taillebois, although the accuracy of a 15th century source to record events which occurred more than 300 years earlier is uncertain.]�

4. [WILLIAM "Taillebois" .� A mid-15th century manuscript lists "Radulphum, Heruey�dictum Tailbois, Raynaldum�dictum Taylboys, Willelmum�dictum Tailbois" as the sons of "Ribaldus frater comitis" and his wife "Beatrix uxor Ribaldi"[1336].� Their name �Taillebois� suggests that the mother of the three last named sons was the daughter of Ivo Taillebois, although the accuracy of a 15th century source to record events which occurred more than 300 years earlier is uncertain.]�

RANDULF, son of ROBERT FitzRalph & his wife Heloise de Glanville (-1251, bur Coverham).� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Walranum filium primum qui obiit sine prole, Radulphum�obiit sine prole, Ranulphum" as the sons of "Robertum filium Radulphi" and his wife "Helwisia filia Ranulphi Glamville"[1337].�

m MARY Bigod, daughter of ROGER Bigod Earl of Norfolk & his wife Ida ---.� The Liber Vit� of Durham lists (in order) "Comes Rogerus Bigot, Ida uxor eius, Henricus capellanus, Hugo, Willelmus, Rogerus, Johannes, Radulfus, G. G. dapifer, Basilia, Maria, Margareta, Ida pueri eius"[1338].� A mid-15th century manuscript records that "Ranulphum filium Roberti" married "Maria filia Rogeri Bigod comitis Norfolk"[1339].�

Randulf & his wife had three children:�

1. RALPH (-31 Mar 1258, bur Coverham).� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Radulphum, Bertam�Ranulphum�" as the children of "Ranulphum filium Roberti" and his wife "Maria filia Rogeri Bigod comitis Norfolk"[1340].� m ANASTASIA de Percy, daughter of WILLIAM de Percy & his first wife Joan de Briwere.� A mid-15th century manuscript records that "Radulfum filium Ranulphi" married "Anastasia filia Wilelmi domini de Percy filii Henrici Percy primi"[1341].� Ralph & his wife had two children:�

a) MARY (-1320).� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Mariam, Johannam" as the children of "Radulphum filium Ranulphi" and his wife "Anastasia filia Wilelmi domini de Percy", adding that Mary married "Roberti domini de Neuile et de Raby"[1342].� A manuscript relating to Coverham Abbey, Yorkshire records that �Roberti de Novavilla junioris� married �Maria�domina de Midelham� who was eldest sister of �domina de Welle et de Snape�uxor Roberti de Tatershall�, daughters of �Radulfus filius Ranulfi�[1343].� m ([1260]) ROBERT de Neville, son of ROBERT de Neville & his first wife --- (-6 Aug 1271, bur Coverham).�

b) JOAN (-before 1 Apr 1310).� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Mariam, Johannam" as the children of "Radulphum filium Ranulphi" and his wife "Anastasia filia Wilelmi domini de Percy", adding that Joan married "domini Roberti Tateshale" but died childless[1344].� m ([before 1268]) ROBERT de Tattershall, son of ROBERT de Tattershall & his wife Nicole --- (5 Dec 1248-before 8 Sep 1298).�

2. BERTHA .� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Radulphum, Bertam uxorem domini Rogeri Ingoldeby�Ranulphum�" as the children of "Ranulphum filium Roberti" and his wife "Maria filia Rogeri Bigod comitis Norfolk"[1345].� m ROGER de Ingoldeby, son of ---.�

3. RANDULF .� A mid-15th century manuscript names "Radulphum, Bertam�Ranulphum�juniorem de Spenythorn" as the children of "Ranulphum filium Roberti" and his wife "Maria filia Rogeri Bigod comitis Norfolk"[1346].�

MONTFICHET

The origins of the Montfichet family are uncertain.� An undated manuscript records that �dominus Gilbertus de Montefixo...genere Romanus...de stirpe Romanorum...qui in palacio regis Romanorum exstitit� was �Willielmus bastardus dux Normani�...consanguineus� and accompanied him in his conquest of England where he established himself[1347].� However, the statement is anachronous as, judging from the description of his supposed descendants, the author has confused him with Gilbert, son of William de Montfichet, whose death is estimated to [1186/87] (see below).� It is assumed that the account has been romanticised and is not factual.�

1. WILLIAM de Montfichet .� A charter of Henry II King of England records donations to St Alban�s, including the donation by �Willielmi de Muntfichet et Rohais uxoris su� et Willielmi filii eorum� of �ecclesiam de Lecchewortha�[1348].� m ROHESE, daughter of ---.� A charter of Henry II King of England records donations to St Alban�s, including the donation by �Willielmi de Muntfichet et Rohais uxoris su� et Willielmi filii eorum� of �ecclesiam de Lecchewortha�[1349].� William & his wife had [two] children:�

a) WILLIAM de Montfichet .� A charter of Henry II King of England records donations to St Alban�s, including the donation by �Willielmi de Muntfichet et Rohais uxoris su� et Willielmi filii eorum� of �ecclesiam de Lecchewortha�[1350].� same person as�?� WILLIAM de Montfichet (-1137).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Willo de Montefichet" in Cambridgeshire, Surrey, and Essex[1351].� �Willielmus de Montefichet" donated "dominum meum de Hamma", with the consent of "uxoris me� Margaret�", by undated charter, witnessed by �Willelmo de Montefichet nepote meo�[1352].� m MARGARET de Clare, daughter of GILBERT FitzRichard de Clare Lord of Clare & his wife Adelisa de Clermont (-1189).� The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "de Fogelmara Margerie de Muntfichet" in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire[1353].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �Barentone� held by �Margareta de Muntfichet, que fuit filia Gilberti filii Ricardi de Clara�, adding that �Gilebertus de Muntfichet est eius filius et heres� and that she has �iii infantes�[1354].� �Willielmus de Montefichet" donated "dominum meum de Hamma", with the consent of "uxoris me� Margaret�", by undated charter, witnessed by �Willelmo de Montefichet nepote meo�[1355].� William & his wife had three children:�

i) GILBERT de Montfichet (-[1186/87]).� A charter of King Henry II confirmed donations to Stratford Lanthorne Abbey, Essex, including those made by �Willielmi de Mountfichet�et Gilberti filii sui�" and of "terram de Fuilmere" donated by "Richardus de Muntfichet", by undated charter, witnessed by ��Godefrido de Lucy��[1356].�

-�� see below.�

ii) RICHARD de Montfichet (-[after 1185]).� A charter of King Henry II confirmed donations to Stratford Lanthorne Abbey, Essex, including those made by �Willielmi de Mountfichet�et Gilberti filii sui�" and of "terram de Fuilmere" donated by "Richardus de Muntfichet", by undated charter, witnessed by ��Godefrido de Lucy��[1357].� It is assumed that Richard was another son of William de Montfichet and his wife Margaret de Clare.�

iii) one child (-after 1185).� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �Barentone� held by �Margareta de Muntfichet, que fuit filia Gilberti filii Ricardi de Clara�, adding that �Gilebertus de Muntfichet est eius filius et heres� and that she has �iii infantes�[1358].�

b) [--- de Montfichet .� m ---.]� One child:�

i) WILLIAM de Montfichet (-after 1166).� �Willielmus de Montefichet" donated "dominum meum de Hamma", with the consent of "uxoris me� Margaret�", by undated charter, witnessed by �Willelmo de Montefichet nepote meo�[1359].� Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record knights� fees held from "Willelmi de Montefichet" in Essex[1360].�

2. ALEXANDER de Montfichet .� The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Alexander de Munfichet" in Hampshire[1361].�

GILBERT de Montfichet, son of WILLIAM de Montfichet & his wife Margaret de Clare (-[1186/87]).� A charter of King Henry II confirmed donations to Stratford Lanthorne Abbey, Essex, including those made by �Willielmi de Mountfichet�et Gilberti filii sui�" and of "terram de Fuilmere" donated by "Richardus de Muntfichet", by undated charter, witnessed by ��Godefrido de Lucy��[1362].� The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Gilbert de Montfichet xxxi l x s, de novo ix s iv d" in Essex, Hertfordshire in [1167/68][1363].� A manuscript names �Gilbertus et Richardus Muntfichet milites" as founders of Ankerwyke Nunnery in Buckinghamshire[1364].� A charter of King Henry III, dated 16 Aug 1257, records donations to Ankerwyke Nunnery, including the donations of "partum�Wymede" by "Gilberti de Munfichet et Avelin� uxoris eius"[1365].� The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property �Barentone� held by �Margareta de Muntfichet, que fuit filia Gilberti filii Ricardi de Clara�, adding that �Gilebertus de Muntfichet est eius filius et heres� and that she has �iii infantes�[1366].�

m AVELINE de Lucy, daughter of RICHARD de Lucy & his wife ---.� Bracton records a claim, dated 1225, by "Ricardus filius Reginaldi et Roysia uxor eius" against "Robertum filium Walteri" for part of "terre�in Lewes" inherited from "Roysia de Douera auia sua", the defendant stating that "Matillis mater sua et Aleisia mater Ricardi de Umframuilla et Auelina auia Ricardi de Muntfichet fuerunt sorores" all of whom inherited part of the land in question[1367].� A charter of King Henry III, dated 16 Aug 1257, records donations to Ankerwyke Nunnery, including the donations of "partum�Wymede" by "Gilberti de Munfichet et Avelin� uxoris eius"[1368].�

Gilbert & his wife had one child:�

1. RICHARD de Montfichet (-1210).� A charter of King Henry III, dated 16 Aug 1257, records donations to Ankerwyke Nunnery, including the donations of "terram�Morelaund�insulam in Thamis�Tyngeyt" by �Ricardi filii Gilberti de Munfichet�[1369].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Ricardus de Muntfichet" paying "xxxiii l xii s vi d de veteri" in Essex, Hertfordshire[1370].� The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Ricardus de Montfichet" being granted delay to pay "per brevia" in Essex, Herefordshire[1371].� The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Richardus de Montfichet" holding 36 knights� fees at "Stanstede" in Essex, and holding "xxxvi libratas terr� in Barntone et Fulemere per ii milites�de serjanteriis et terris sine servitio" in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, in [1210/12][1372].� The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land in Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, dated to [1208/10]: "heres Ricardi de Munfichet" held "Langeley"[1373]. �m [as her first husband,] MILLICENT, daughter of --- (-after 1219).� Henry III King of England granted letters of conduct to "Milicenta de Muntfichet" dated 12 Jun 1217[1374].� The Testa de Nevill includes a list of landholdings in Essex, dated 1219, which includes "Domina Milisenta de Mumfichet est de donacione domini regis et est maritanda et valet terra eius in Esthamme c.s"[1375].� [She married secondly ---.� It is not known whether the pending marriage, referred to in the previous source, went ahead.]� Richard & his wife had five children:�

a) MILLICENT de Montfichet (-[before 1210]).� The chronology suggests that Millicent must have been one of her parents� older children.� She probably died childless soon after her husband, maybe before her father, as she is not named in the documents relating to her father�s heirs.� King Henry III commanded the Sheriff of Norfolk to inquire "what knights� fees were assigned to Milesent de Muntfichet, widow of William de Warenne in dower...as H. de Burgo who married the daughter and heir of the said William has placed himself coram Rege in said inquiry�, dated 18 Mar 1235[1376].� m as his second wife, WILLIAM de Warenne, son of RAINALD de Warenne & his wife Alice de Wormgay (-after 24 Jan 1191).�

b) RICHARD de Montfichet (-1267).� �Ricardus de Muntfichet filius Ricardi de Muntfichet� donated land �in Stansted� to Thremhale priory, Essex by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulpho de Munfichet...Warino de Muntfichet...�[1377].� A charter of King Henry III, dated 16 Aug 1257, records donations to Ankerwyke Nunnery, including the donations in "villam de Tyngeyt" by "Ricardi filii Ricardi de Munfichet" and of "terram�Morelaund�insulam in Thamis�Tyngeyt" by �Ricardi filii Gilberti de Munfichet�[1378].� Henry III King of England ordered "Ricardus de Muntfichet�" to enquire into the state of the forests "Essexie" dated [Jul] 1219[1379].� An undated writ "52 Hen III", after the death of "Richard de Muntfichet", records that "he had 3 sisters, Margery, Avelina and Philippa�"[1380].� m firstly AGNES, daughter of --- (-after 12 Jun 1217).� Henry III King of England granted letters of conduct to "Agnes uxor Ricardi de Muntfichet" dated 12 Jun 1217[1381].� m secondly as her second husband, JOYCE, widow of Sir GILBERT de Greinville, daughter of --- (-before 12 Jul 1274).� An undated manuscript records that �dominus Ricardus secundus [de Montefixo]� married �relicta domini Thom� Engayne...Jocosa�[1382].� The narrative of this manuscript is inconsistent with the reconstruction of the Montfichet family from primary sources, but it appears to be referring in this passage to the marriage of Richard de Montfichet who died in 1267.� By a writ of plenius certiorari dated 12 Jul �2 Edw I�, after the death of "Joyce (Jocosa) Montfichet alias Munfichet", "John Engaine and Joan his wife...daughter and heir of the said Joyce" complained that the escheator had detained the manor of Byfeld �fell to the said Joan�[1383].�

c) MARGERY de Montfichet .� An undated writ "52 Hen III", after the death of "Richard de Muntfichet", records that "he had 3 sisters, Margery, Avelina and Philippa, from Margery issued Hugh de Bolebek, who had four daughters married to Roger de Lancastre, Nicholas Corbet, Hugh de Laval and Walter de Huntercumbe"[1384].� A writ dated 20 Feb "3 Edw I", after the death of "Avelina late the wife of Edmund the king�s brother", names as heirs of "Richard de Munfichet�his three sisters, the first sister Margery married Hugh de Bulebec, and from them issued Hugh de Bulebec who had four daughters, Philippa married to Roger de Lancastre, Margery married to Nicholas Corbet, Alice married to Walter de Huntercumbe, and Maud married to Hugh de la Valle�"[1385].� m firstly HUGH de Bolebec, son of HUGH de Bolebec & his wife Cecilia de Vescy.� m secondly as his first wife, PIERS de Faucomberge, son of WALTER de Faucomberge of Rise, Withernwick, Catwick & his wife Agnes --- (-after Apr 1230).�

d) AVELINE de Montfichet (-[Nov] 1239, bur Thornton Abbey).� A manuscript history of the foundation of Melsa Abbey records that �Willielmum de Forz secundum� married �Avelinam�filiam�Ricardi de Munfichet�[1386].� Matthew of Paris records the death in 1239 of "Aveline de Forz Ctss d'Aum�le"[1387].� An undated writ "52 Hen III", after the death of "Richard de Muntfichet", records that "he had 3 sisters, Margery, Avelina and Philippa�from Avelina issued William de Fortibus earl of Albemarle whose heirs are under age and in the king�s wardship"[1388].� A writ dated 20 Feb "3 Edw I", after the death of "Avelina late the wife of Edmund the king�s brother", names as heirs of "Richard de Munfichet�his three sisters�the second sister Avelina married William de Forz earl of Albemarle, and from them issued William de Forz the last earl of Albemarle, who had two sons Thomas and William who died without heirs of their bodies�" and the declaring the descendants of the sisters of Aveline de Montfichet as heirs of Aveline de Forz[1389].� m (1214) WILLIAM de Forz, son of GUILLAUME de Forz Comte d�Aum�le & his wife Hawise Ctss d�Aum�le (-29 Mar 1241).�

e) PHILIPPA de Montfichet .� An undated manuscript (which, in other parts, is confused in its narrative) records that �secunda soror...Ricardi de Montefixo� married �domino Ricardo de Plays�, by whom she had ��gidium Plays� who was the father of �dominum Iohannem Plays� whose son was �dominus Iohannes Plays [qui] genuit dominum Iohannem Plays� whose daughter married �domino Iohanni Haward�[1390].� An undated writ "52 Hen III", after the death of "Richard de Muntfichet", records that "he had 3 sisters, Margery, Avelina and Philippa�from Philippa issued Richard de Playz�who is 40 years of age"[1391].� A writ dated 20 Feb "3 Edw I", after the death of "Avelina late the wife of Edmund the king�s brother", names as heirs of "Richard de Munfichet�his three sisters�the third sister Philippa married Hugh de Pleys, and from them issued Richard de Pleys, from whom issued Ralph de Pleys now aged 9 and in the wardship of Sir Robert Aiguilun�"[1392].� m HUGH de Plaiz, son of ---.�

1. RALPH de Montfichet .� �Ricardus de Muntfichet filius Ricardi de Muntfichet� donated land �in Stansted� to Thremhale priory, Essex by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulpho de Munfichet...Warino de Muntfichet...�[1393].�

2. WARIN de Montfichet .� �Ricardus de Muntfichet filius Ricardi de Muntfichet� donated land �in Stansted� to Thremhale priory, Essex by undated charter, witnessed by �...Radulpho de Munfichet...Warino de Muntfichet...�[1394].�

3. WILLIAM de Montfichet (-after 5 Feb 1241).� Sheriff of Perth.� "Johannes clericus filius Mathei Lorimarii de Perth" confirmed the settlement of a dispute with Scone abbey by charter dated 5 May 1240, sealed by "domini Willelmi de Muntfichet vicecomitis de Perth, domini Walteri de Rothven, domini Willelmi de Blar et domini Willelmi Olifarth"[1395].� "�Willo de Munifichet�" witnessed the charter dated 5 Feb 1241 under which Alexander II King of Scotland confirmed the rights of Scone Abbey over "duas acre in territorio de Scona ubi molendinum�"[1396].�

4. PHILIP de Montfichet .� "Philippus de Monte fichett et Anna uxor filia et heres d�i Colini hostiarii defuncti" donated "ecclesiam de Loychel" to St Andrew�s priory by undated charter[1397].� m ANNE, daughter of COLIN & his wife Ada ---.� "Colinus hostiarius" donated "ecclesiam de Loychel" to St Andrew�s priory, for the soul of "mee et Ade uxoris mee", by undated charter[1398].� "Philippus de Monte fichett et Anna uxor filia et heres d�i Colini hostiarii defuncti" donated "ecclesiam de Loychel" to St Andrew�s priory by undated charter[1399].�

MORVILLE

Loyd indicates that this family originated in Morville in the present-day French d�partement of Manche, arrondissement Valognes, canton Bricquebec[1400].� The list of fees held from Philippe II King of France includes �Herbertus de Morevilla...sextam partem unius feodi apud Morevillam� among �feoda Ricardi de Vernone� in �Ballivia Constantini�[1401].�

1. GUHER de Morville (-after 1130).� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Guhero de Morevilla" in Surrey[1402].�

2. WILLIAM de Morville .� "William de Moreville" donated property to Montebourg abbey, for the souls of "his wife Mathildis and his son Eudo", by undated charter, witnessed by "Mathillis uxor mea, Eudo filius meus, Willelmus gener meus, Eustacius Wac��"[1403].� The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Willo de Morevilla" in Devonshire[1404].� m MATILDA, daughter of ---.� "William de Moreville" donated property to Montebourg abbey, for the souls of "his wife Mathildis and his son Eudo", by undated charter, witnessed by "Mathillis uxor mea, Eudo filius meus, Willelmus gener meus, Eustacius Wac�"[1405].� William & his wife had two children:�

a) EUDES de Morville .� "William de Moreville" donated property to Montebourg abbey, for the souls of "his wife Mathildis and his son Eudo", by undated charter, witnessed by "Mathillis uxor mea, Eudo filius meus, Willelmus gener meus, Eustacius Wac��"[1406].� "Eudes de Moreville" confirmed his father�s donations to Montebourg abbey by charter dated to before 1174, witnessed by "Hawis uxor mea, Willelmus filius meus et Rogerus frater eius, Rogerus de Stotvilla�"