Constance of Austria
| Constance of Austria | |
|---|---|
 Portrait c. 1603 by Frans Pourbus the Younger | |
| Queen consort of Poland Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania | |
| Tenure | 1605–1631 |
| Coronation | 11 December 1605 |
| Born | 24 December 1588 Graz, Duchy of Styria, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 10 July 1631 (aged 42) Warsaw, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Sigismund III Vasa |
| Issue among others... | John II Casimir Vasa John Albert Vasa Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole Alexander Charles Vasa Anna Catherine Constance Vasa |
| House | Habsburg |
| Father | Charles II, Archduke of Austria |
| Mother | Maria Anna of Bavaria |
| Signature |  |
Constance of Austria (German: Konstanza; Polish: Konstancja; 24 December 1588 – 10 July 1631) was Queen of Poland as the second wife of King Sigismund III Vasa and the mother of King John II Casimir.
Biography[edit]
Constance was a daughter of Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria. Her paternal grandparents were Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). Anne was the only daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix. Her maternal grandparents were Albert V, Duke of Bavaria and Anne Habsburg of Austria.
Constance was also a younger sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Margaret of Austria, Leopold V of Austria and Anna of Austria.
Her older sister Anna was the first wife of King Sigismund III Vasa. After her death Constance and Sigismund were married on December 11, 1605.
Queen[edit]
Queen Constance was an ambitious politician. Immediately after the wedding, she made efforts to influence policy. She built a strong faction of followers by arranging marriages between her handmaidens and powerful nobles. She represented the interests of the Habsburg family in Poland, and influenced the appointments of positions in the court, government and church. Her closest confidant was Urszula Meyerin.
Constance was proficient in Spanish, Latin and Italian. She learned Polish after the wedding but rarely used it. She was very religious and went to Mass twice a day. She also was a patron of clerics, painters and architects. She financed the buildings of several palaces for her children, but she was also described as an economic person.
In 1623 Constance bought Żywiec from Mikołaj Komorowski, which was forbidden by law to the members of the royal family and caused misunderstandings with the Parliament.[1] Some time later (in 1626) she made it forbidden for Jews to settle in the city (de non tolerandis Judaeis).[2]
Constance wished to secure the succession of her own son to the throne rather than the son of her sister, but she did not succeed. She died of a stroke in 1631.
Issue[edit]
She had seven children:
- John Casimir (25 December 1607 – 14 January 1608).
- John Casimir (22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672), who reigned during 1648–1668 as John II Casimir.
- John Albert (25 June 1612 – 29 December 1634).
- Charles Ferdinand (13 October 1613 – 9 May 1655).
- Alexander Charles (4 November 1614 – 19 November 1634).
- Anna Constance (26 January 1616 – 24 May 1616).
- Anna Catherine Constance (7 August 1619 – 8 October 1651).
Ancestors[edit]
Gallery[edit]
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Entry of the Wedding Procession of Constance of Austria into Kraków in 1605. -
Constance of Austria in Spanish dress (saya), portraited by the court painter in 1610. -
She enhanced and renovated the Castle in Żywiec, where she resided from 1624. -
Constance of Austria as Queen consort of Poland. -
Silver-gilt plate, 1605, from Constance's dinner service
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Bunt chłopów Archived 2008-05-01 at the Wayback Machine. Bunt, prześladowania i próby wyzwolenia się chłopów na Zywiecczyźnie w XVII wieku.
- ^ Miasto Żywiec Archived 2007-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.
- ^ Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b Obermayer-Marnach, Eva (1953), "Anna Jagjello", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 299; (full text online)
- ^ a b Goetz, Walter (1953), "Albrecht V.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160; (full text online)
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b Philip I, King of Castile at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b Casimir IV, King of Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ a b Revue de l'Agenais (in French). Vol. 4. Société des sciences, lettres et arts d'Agen. 1877. p. 497.
- ^ a b Riezler, Sigmund Ritter von (1897), "Wilhelm IV.", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 705–717
- ^ a b Brüning, Rainer (2001), "Philipp I.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 20, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 372; (full text online)
External links[edit]
- The Stockholm Roll Archived 2017-12-14 at the Wayback Machine, Entry of the Wedding Procession of Constance of Austria and Sigismund III into Kraków in 1605.
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