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Manifestoes of Surrealism

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Manifestoes of Surrealism is a book by André Breton, describing the aims, meaning, and political position of the Surrealist movement.

The translators of this edition were finalists of the 1970 National Book Awards in the category of translation.

320 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1924

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About the author

André Breton

270 books712 followers
After World War I, French poet and literary theorist André Breton began to link at first with Dadaism but broke with that movement to write the first manifesto of surrealism in 1924.

People best know this theorist as the principal founder. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto (Manifeste du surréalisme), in which he defined this "pure psychic automatism."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3...

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 172 reviews
Profile Image for persephone ☾.
563 reviews2,962 followers
March 13, 2024
one (me) has a crazy dream one day and next thing you know they (me again) turn to surrealism
Profile Image for Momina.
203 reviews51 followers
June 30, 2014
"Surrealism is the "invisible ray" which will one day enable us to win out over our opponents. "You are no longer trembling, carcass." This summer the roses are blue; the wood is of glass. The earth, draped in its verdant cloak, makes as little impression upon me as a ghost. It is living and ceasing to live that are imaginary solutions. Existence is elsewhere."

The Surrealist world is a beautiful place: houses with eggshell roofs, a half-fried egg for a sun hanging from the sky, birds flying and splashing into the sunny yoke and painting the clouds bright yellow, people with mirrors for faces walking down alleys and pathways lined with seashells and coral and strange weeds, talking in symphonies, the world resounding with the sound of music! Anything and everything is possible in the Surrealist world! Secret houses pave the floor of the ocean in which secret people live among mermaids and dolphins! The waters of such oceans turn into honey and milk as they crash on the chocolate shore, where children build castles, children having big, resplendent eyes, children with little wings, children like fairies and forest nymphs, darting in and out of little chocolate rooms. I am besotted with André and his delectable prose and his stunning imagination! The Soluble Fish, a piece of surrealist fiction, sandwiched between two manifestoes in this book, is a quintessential surrealist work; perfectly embodying the ideas of the grand master. It is strange, it is disturbing, it is vivid imagination at its eloquent best!

"I believe in the future resolution of these two states, dream and reality, which are seemingly so contradictory, into a kind of absolute reality, a surreality, if one may so speak. It is in quest of this surreality that I am going..."

The first manifesto, published in 1924, gives a comprehensive outline of the Surrealist agenda. The avant-garde had already expressed his discontent with Realist and Naturalist fiction which resulted in the inception of the schools of Expressionism and Symbolism. But Breton took it up a notch and, though, in veering away from traditional fiction, Surrealism does resemble Expressionism, its underpinnings are slightly different. The Surrealist sees and interprets the world from the eyes of the unconscious. Freudian psychoanalysis and dream-theory had a great influence on Breton who sought to incorporate and apply Freud's theories to literature. Thus, in the first manifesto, he defines Surrealism as:

SURREALISM, n. Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express--verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner--the actual functioning of thought. Dictated by thought, in the absence of any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern.

ENCYCLOPEDIA. Philosophy. Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of previously neglected associations, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinterested play of thought. It tends to ruin once and for all all other psychic mechanisms and to substitute itself for them in solving all the principal problems of life.

To open up the vaults of the unconscious, the Surrealist surrenders complete control over his conscious thought and eases himself into a trance-like state. With a pen in his fingers and a paper on the desk, he becomes a mere medium of expression. Language gushes and spills forth and makes all sorts of associations on the paper without the avant-garde controlling or manipulating anything. This is what Breton calls automatic writing.

"Language has been given to man so that he may make Surrealist use of it."

Surrealist aesthetics and the need for a Surrealist sensibility after WWI forms the subject of the first manifesto. The second manifesto is a kind of a rant in which Breton answers to criticisms and vilifications. A few extracts follow the second manifesto in which the political sympathies of Breton and the Surrealists are explored. Frankly speaking, everything after the The Soluble Fish is tedious, dense and gratuitous. Those interested in the dynamics present between Socialism/Marxism and Surrealism might find these latter extracts useful but even so Breton never speaks in a clear and succinct voice in these excerpts, and his thought is ultimately lost in unnecessary verbiage.

Even so, the first manifesto and the piece of fiction justify their function completely and are a triumph. This is recommended to all those who seek understanding of the Surrealist agenda. Breton, at least in the first half of the book, shall not disappoint.

"And you will see into the bowels of the earth, you will see me more alive than I am now when the boarding saber of the sky threatens me. You will take me farther than I have been able to go, and your arms will be roaring grottoes full of pretty animals and ermines. You will make only a sigh of me, that will go on and on through all the Robinsons of earth. I am not lost to you: I am only apart from what resembles you, on the high seas, where the bird called Heartbreak gives its cry that raises the pommels of ice of which the stars of day are the broken guard."
52 reviews1 follower
November 12, 2014
Surrealism, as explained by Andre Breton is simply the merging of dreams with reality, specifically in art but also in all aspects of life imagination is to be a person’s greatest quality. Breton argues there is no reason to make ordinary boring art that reflects reality and doing so would be to push away the subconscious which is what drives us in our everyday lives. He goes further to say that having a “realistic attitude” is equivalent to being “hostile to any intellectual or moral advancement.” I can see his argument in this that if one is to only except what is in front of them progression can never be achieved because filters are never broken down. Breton rejects mediocrity and conformity in art which is interesting considering he was part of a movement and published a manifesto proclaiming surrealism was true art, this would simply be conformity if anyone who read this agreed with the manifesto.

I gave this some thought and figured, since this was written in the early 20th century and the surrealism movement had come and went that perhaps it was absorbed into all art and media to some extent. I was thinking that video games, music, the internet, modernism and postmodern literature, and much of TV and film had incorporated surrealism but I was wrong. Something like a video game could never be considered surrealism because it is simply a distraction from reality and not a merging of reality with dreams. I think the same goes for music. In modern art whether literature, movie, television there is an influence of surrealism but not surrealist art. Twin Peaks and later the Sopranos incorporated elements of surrealism but they were not works of surrealism. There are many forms of music that could contribute to obtaining the surrealist state but I do not believe any music as being a true representation of surrealism. The most profound examples are in paintings of Picasso or Max Ernst. Breton admits there are very few true surrealists and that many artists will only be able to incorporate surrealist elements into their work, this is certainly true in contemporary terms. To assist in this matter he describes a few rules to follow (this section is actually quite funny), one describing the modernist technique of stream of conscious. I found it quite funny that he gave some rules to surrealism in the section titled “Secrets of the Magical Surrealist Art.” I could envision the beat poets attempting to stimulate and alter their minds in attempt at the surrealist state to write stream of conscious poetry.

The world and reality is chaotic and unforgiving and usually doesn’t make sense. Sometimes artists want to take the chaos of the outside world and attempt to make it appear normal (realism). Fighting this chaos to make reality normal is what Breton is fighting against, take the absurd and run with. Madness is genius and boring and dull equals dumb. I cannot say I agree with this whole heartedly but I do enjoy many of his points as well as some surrealist art. I am more interested in the incorporation of surrealistic elements in contemporary art.

I enjoyed this Manifesto and I enjoyed Breton’s style for writing an essay. I am not too familiar with surrealism besides some of the more famous painters. Breton delineates a number of influential people to the movement who I will be sure to consume and study. Much of this essay is actually quite humorous how he described surrealism and the boringness of reality in art. He calls many things stupid, which I also enjoyed. Since it was written in French and I read the translation it is hard to tell if his style was meant to be humorous but I certainly found it so.
Profile Image for Edita.
1,506 reviews516 followers
May 12, 2016
Everything tends to make us believe that there exists a certain point of the mind at which life and death, the real and the imagined, past and future, the communicable and the incommunicable, high and low, cease to be perceived as contradictions.
September 28, 2020
Konzor
Zagreb, 2002.
Preveli: Mirjana Dobović i Zvonimir Mrkonjić
Unutar korica „Francuski nadrealizam I", knjige koju je uredila Višnja Machiedo.
Jezično govoreći dosta konzervativan tekst, uzevši u obzir da se radi o manifestu nadrealizma.
Sadržajno slave se toposi avangarde (ali i cjelokupne fantazofije): djetinstvo, san, ludilo, nekonformizam.
Manifest je isprepleten književnim referencama, uglavnom na romantizam.
Romantizam je bio vrhunac ljudske umjetnosti i kulture, najfantazofskije razdoblje, najotkačenija i najživlja furka ikada.
Spominje se Nerval i Lewisov „Redovnik". Ako niste čuli za francuskog romantičarskog književnika Nervala onda odmah napustite divljinu mojih osvrta!
Nerval je najavio Prousta i Joycea, razvio je tok svijesti i tehniku asocijacije stotinu godina prije njih.
Romantizam je u svemu prvi, svi drugi su u svemu zadnji. Pa tako i nadrealisti. No, bar su se trudili biti poput romantičarskih književnika i umjetnika. Bar nešto.
O važnosti sna u romantizmu pasajte oči na ovome:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJoxW..., o važnosti djetinstva u romantizmu pasajte oči pak na ovome:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcHLp....
Bretonov povik iz 1924. je da prakticiramo poeziju.
U doba kafkijanske diktature uhljebijata i scijentističko-ekološke strahovlade u kojem svi spuštaju glavu i prave se da je sve u redu takav povik odzvanja, odzvanja mučno, ali glasno.
Možda se pitate što to znači moj hapaks, moje dijete, fantazofija.
Andre Breton je skucao jednu rečenicu koja savršeno opisuje moje čedo, fantazofiju:
„Trebalo je da Kolumbo s luđacima krene u otkrivanje Amerike."
Sve je danas mrtvo.
Te isprazne buljooke oči koje gledam u vlakovima dok putujem na posao, ti razgovori na režimskim televizijskim kanalima, ta bolesna umjetnost koja na krivi i loš način oponaša avangardu....
Ipak ima nade za umjetnost, dovoljno je da shvatimo da je sve mrtvo pa da se zapitamo kako je umrlo, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IdsE....
¡Hasta luego mis murcielagos!
Pozdravi iz zemlje Dembelije, iz skrovitog manirističko-romantičarsko-nadrealističkog kutka slobode.
Zanemarite što Breton ne poziva na čitanje Akvinskog u ovom manifestu, čitajte Akvinskog, samo tako će vas nazvati Morpheus i onda izlazite iz matrixa....
Profile Image for Myriam.
905 reviews189 followers
July 17, 2020
« Sans imagination, l’homme est misérable. Arraché à la liberté de l’enfance, il se résigne à l’absence de rêve qui caractérise la logique utilitaire de la « vie réelle ». L’imagination est ainsi reléguée dans la folie. Or, Breton estime qu’il faut la réhabiliter, car l’imagination est jouissance et dévoile tous les possibles. L’attitude « réaliste » de l’homme a engendré le roman. Loin de toute créativité, il se contente de décrire le réel insignifiant. L’inconnu y est ramené au connu, pour l’apprivoiser. Les découvertes de Freud pourraient cependant renverser cette logique utilitaire. Les travaux de ce psychologue portent sur le rêve, rectifiant le désintérêt inexplicable des précédentes générations à l’égard d’une activité de l’esprit qui nous occupe autant de temps. La pensée éveillée exerce sur le rêve un contrôle qui ne nous en laisse percevoir que la partie que la mémoire n’a pas opacifiée. Automatiquement, le rêve apparait de prime abord discontinu, dénué de sens. »
Profile Image for George.
189 reviews22 followers
June 1, 2012
These manifestos lay out the politics of the movement better than any of Breton's interpreters, who keep proliferating the cliched that he was "the pop of surrealism."
Profile Image for Pedro LF.
84 reviews3 followers
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July 11, 2021
Mis pasos hacen surgir monstruos que acechan: aún no demuestran intenciones demasiado amenazadoras hacia mí, y yo no estoy perdido, puesto que los temo. Allí están "los elefantes ginocéfalos y los leones alados" que, un tiempo, Soupault y yo temíamos encontrar; alli también el "pez soluble" que todavía me hace estremecer un poco. ¡PEZ SOLUBLE, no soy acaso yo el pez soluble; nací bajo el signo de Piscis, y el hombre es soluble en su pensamiento! La fauna y la flora del surrealismo son inconfesables.
Profile Image for Rat.
19 reviews1 follower
April 2, 2022
“You are no longer trembling, carcass. This summer the roses are blue; the wood is of glass. The earth, draped in its verdant cloak, makes as little impression upon me as a ghost. It is living and ceasing to live that are imaginary solutions. Existence is elsewhere.”
Profile Image for Louise.
388 reviews37 followers
March 10, 2019
Meuh, pourquoi Breton ne s'est pas arrêté après le Manifeste du surréalisme-1-emballé-c'est-pesé- tout-est-dit ?
Le surréalisme m'intriguait beaucoup, et comme Nadja m'a fasciné à la deuxième lecture, je devais lire la déclaration d'intention initiale, la pierre d'angle du mouvement !
Le Manifeste du surréalisme m'a ébloui, vraiment, j'ai pris en notes de nombreux passages, j'ai relu plusieurs fois des paragraphes entiers, émerveillée par la vision du Monde de Breton, la fluidité de sa théorie poétique... comme s'il m'ouvrait une porte qui avait toujours été devant mes yeux, sans que j'y prête attention avant. J'ai toujours été très marquée par l'allégorie de la Caverne de Platon, la condamnation philosophique de l'image, la Réalité qu'on abîme en la nommant... André Breton retourne complètement ces vieux enjeux philosophiques en proposant une façon poétique de s'absoudre du carcan réaliste, pour approcher le plus possible la pensée dans sa forme la plus brute. Il y aurait beaucoup à écrire sur ce Premier Manifeste que j'ai trouvé brillant et inspirant.
Que dire du Second Manifeste, qui s'embourbe dans des querelles intestines, des attaques ad hominem et beaucoup de fureur en général. Ça m'a ennuyé, je suis allée chercher Breton du haut de son piédestal pour l'engueuler, t'as tout gâché mec.
Les "Prolégomènes à un troisième manifeste du surréalisme ou non" m'ont laissé ni chaud ni froid également, "Du surréalisme en ses oeuvres vives" rattrape légèrement l'ouvrage en se recentrant sur les techniques surréalistes comme l'écriture automatique, mais reste trop allusif pour que je redevienne scotchée.
Vraiment dommage qu'André Breton n'est pas serré les dents quand son idée du surréalisme a été déviée de son intention initiale par la faute de quelques collègues dissidents, ses ajouts au Premier Manifeste m'ont gâché la vision d'ensemble du livre alors que j'ai vraiment adoré le premier acte fondateur.
tl;dr : lisez le Manifeste original, oubliez la suite.
Profile Image for Karim Rhayem.
Author 3 books12 followers
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December 28, 2021
Comment oser attribuer une note à une œuvre aussi phénoménale et aussi importante que les Manifestes du Surréalisme de Breton?
Ce livre a profondément marqué les artistes du XXe siècle et m'a d'ailleurs profondément marqué, de par sa subtilité, la complexité des propos abordés, les idéologies surréalistes auxquelles je m'identifie, et le style de Breton en lui-même. Le texte est certes difficile à assimiler, mais sa compréhension ouvre la porte de la compréhension du Surréalisme en lui-même, raffinant les concepts qui pourraient paraitre étranges, voire comiques à des observateurs externes.
Ce livre a aussi une portée historique que j'appréciai beaucoup : en lisant Breton qui relate ses activités et discussions avec des auteurs et artistes que j'admire et respecte comme Apollinaire ou Dalí et Buñuel, je me sentis immergé dans l'ère de l'entre-guerre, voire l'apogée du cinéma surréaliste. De plus, Breton n’oublie pas de critiquer ses égaux dans le monde littéraire, en particulier ceux qui n'appréciaient pas, voire ceux qui ont délaissé le mouvement, ce qui ajoute un ton sarcastique, presque drôle aux mots employés par l'auteur.
Les Manifestes du Surréalisme ont été un régal à lire et à plonger dans l'Historique du mouvement ainsi que ses idéologies, pour mieux comprendre l'incompréhensible et l'absurde de l'art surréaliste.
Profile Image for Valentine.
283 reviews1 follower
January 8, 2020
Leí solo el primero y está bien, pero sinceramente no tengo ganas de leer los siguientes. Hasta aquí llegué con Breton (mentira, porque la Facultad me exige leer más).
Sí, hay muchísimas cosas en las que lo apoyo, hay otras en las que creo que es demasiado melodramático. Sobre todo no puedo perdonar que haga una lista de surrealistas y diga "y todas esas mujeres arrebatadoras". Ya sé, "no se puede juzgar un libro de hace cien años con mentalidad actual". Sí se puede, siempre hay lugar para el diálogo y el repensar cuestiones y resignificarlas, sino la humanidad quedaría estancada siempre en el mismo pensamiento. Ni hablemos por favor del comentario de ser "amo de nuestras vidas y de las mujeres".
No, gracias. Nos vemos.
Profile Image for Sheyda Heydari Shovir.
146 reviews88 followers
September 28, 2016
مانيفست سوررئاليسم رو آندره برتون نوشته. قشنگ نوشته شده. شورانگيزه و يه سخنرانى تمام عياره. مخصوصا كه شوخ طبعى و بامزه بازى هم درش هست. البته نتونست منو سوررئاليست كنه ولى از خوندنش لذت بردم. صادقانه بگم برتون اينو خيلى از رمانش ناديا بهتر نوشته. مخصوصا شروع خيلى زيبا و نفس گيرى داره. هم از خوندنش لذت بردم و هم خيلى در مورد سوررئاليسم چيز يادم داد. چيزهايى كه نمى دونستم رو از دست اولترين منبعش گرفتم. مثلا تاثير انكارناپذير فرويد روى پديدآورنده هاى اين جنبش. مثال هم مياره براى متون سوررئاليستى و اينش خيلى خوبه. كوتاهم هست. مى شه خوند.
Profile Image for Andrew.
2,082 reviews785 followers
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August 30, 2017
Nowhere near the transcendence of Nadja, this is something best left to historical researchers of surrealism. I'd read the first manifesto before, and it was indeed the sort of thing that gets you thinking, but the rest was mostly dull. Which is a shame, given that some of the high-water marks of literature and the visual arts have been accomplished under these banners. Oh, and as for the long prose-y- poem-y thingy in the middle, "Soluble Fish," it starts off interesting, but as it goes on it draaaaaaaaaaaaags.
Profile Image for Lukáš Palán.
Author 10 books221 followers
September 2, 2018
Manifesty surrealismu zdárně praktikuji každý den na záchodě, ale jejich literární podobu jsem kupodivu dlouho odkládal. Guláš to byl ve finále podobnej.

První manifest byl švanda dudák a přesně to, co jsem od této knihy očekával. Druhý manifest mě chvílemi dost iritoval, protože si Breton dost vyléval srdíčko a chvílemi působil jako uražená plačka, nicméně oceňuji nadávku "myšlenková cuchta," zařadím ji do svého slovníku.

8/10
Profile Image for Mert.
Author 4 books69 followers
September 25, 2020
3/5 Stars (%66/100)

I enjoy Surrealist paintings and this book explains the values and aims of Surrealism in detail. Breton's writing style is really good and even though Surrealism is a very difficult thing to grasp, some things make more sense after reading this. However, I got bored from time to time because it is very tiring to read and it is long in general. This book allows you to enjoy Surrealist paintings and texts more than before.
Profile Image for Elizabeth.
Author 86 books69 followers
March 20, 2010
I have been rereading this with my students and I find much to enjoy here. Sometimes Breton is a blowhard, sure, but isn't that part of the pleasure? The "Before/After" section is priceless in that regard. But sometimes Breton speaks good sense, as when he defends the free practice of art as against ideology to a conference of the communist party.
Profile Image for Javier Sanjuan.
15 reviews
August 3, 2014
Un libro sobrecargado con múltiples ideas; la necesidad de entender los sueños; La búsqueda de un objetivo claro para la ciencia, que no la gaste en causas secundarias, en fin. Todo esto como forma de buscar un entendimiento de nuestra alma, que trate de mitigar las oscuras fuerzas que se debaten el interior de ésta.
Profile Image for Alex Kartelias.
210 reviews79 followers
October 5, 2014
An inspiring piece of work. Taking Freud's theories and highlighting surrealist elements in works of painters and poets, Breton argues for the superiority of the irrational and the necessity of the marvelous. Because humanity won't ever be bored by their dreams, the overlapping of the conscious and unconscious in contemporary art, poetry and theater still makes surrealism relevant.
2 reviews1 follower
October 16, 2018
There are many contemporary artists that misunderstand surrealism as much as they do with romanticism. A lot of them incorporate styles from recollected inpressions but miss the intention/direction of these movements.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 172 reviews

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