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Mentemu

Möngke Temür (Hanzi : 猛哥帖木耳/猛哥帖木儿) or Dudu Mentemu (ᡩᡠᡩᡠ ᠮᡝᠨᡨᡝᠮᡠ; Hanzi: 孟特穆) (1370 – 1433) was the Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one of the three tribes of the lower Sungari river valley in Manchuria. In the 1380s the tribe migrated southward towards the lower valley of the Tumen River and settled in Womuho (present day Hoeryong).

In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols. There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the turn of the century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River (near the modern border of China, Russia and North Korea). Not long afterwards, the various Jurchens began accepting Ming titles from the Yongle Emperor as the Military Commander三 of the three Wei, namely Jianzhou Wei (建州卫), Jianzhou Left Wei (建州左卫) and Jianzhou Right Wei (建州右卫). The Wei (卫) was military unit composed of 5 Suo (所), and each Suo was staffed with 1100 soldiers. As Military Commanders of Weu they were required to go to Beijing every year to pay tribute to the Emperor.

In 1395, he visited the Korean court to present tribute to the Korean king. As a result in 1404, he was awarded an honorary military position.

During this time, the Ming court frequently sent envoys to local chieftains to presuade local chieftains to recognize the suzerainity of the Ming emperor, however Mengge did not respond. This was to the delight of the Korean court and in 1405, he was nominated to be a myriarch under the Korean king. In April 1405, a Ming envoy of Jurchen origin Wang Jiaohuati, was sent to Korea to persuade the Korean king along with Mengge to enter into tributary relations with the Ming.

Ahacu (阿哈出, later also known as Li Sicheng 李思誠), chief of the Huligai, became commander of the Jianzhou Wei (建州卫) in 1403, named after a yuan dynasty political unit in the area. Möngke Temür (猛哥帖木儿) of the Odoli became leader of the Jianzhou Left Wei (建州左卫) and accepted the Chinese surname of Tóng (童) not long afterward.

The Korean king ordered Meng not to comply with the request of Ming, he first complied with this order only to capitulate, visiting Nanjing in September 1405, leaving with an appointment as regional commissioner.

IN the following years, the Jurchen tribes along with Meng's Odoli tribe fought skirmishes and battles with the Koreans. With the constant insecurity in the presence of the Koreans, Meng and his followers migrated westward, settling in May 1411 in Fengzhou, in the valley of the Hoifa river, an affluent of the Sungari river, where the Jianzhou guard under Šigiyanu Li Xianzhong was located.

Here the Ming government would establish the Jianzhou Left Guard from the existing Jianzhou guard with meng as the regional commander of the new guard.

During this time, the Yongle Emperor began frequently sending expeditionary forces towards the Mongols, Meng and his followers would take part in one such expedition in 1422. With the threat of retaliatory invasions of the Mongols and the growing dominance of Li Manzhu, Mongke and his followers, who numbered more than six thousand were forced to leave Fengzhou and head back to Womuho in 1423.

After his return, Mongke decided that the best policy of self preservation would be to serve both Ming and Korean interests. In 1426, he visited Beijing and awarded a promotion as assistant commissioner in chief. His half brother Fanca visited Beijing in 1432, presented tribute, and was promoted to assistant commissioner. In 1432, Mongke visited Beijing again and was promoted to commissioner in chief while Fanca was made a regional commissioner. Starting in 1427, Mongke had began sending his eldest son Agu to visit the Korean court with the hopes that Agu would become a royal bodyguard in Korea.

On November 30, 1433, Mongke Temur and his son Agu were killed in a riot led by Yang Mutawuta, a Jurchen battalion commander from a diffent tribe in the area of Kaiyuan. Yang Mutawuta had followed Mongke Temur and his son

Temple name : Zhàozǔ (Hanzi : 肇祖)

Last update 29-05-2012

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