Hilda is one of several female given names derived from the name Hild, formed from Old Norse hildr, meaning 'battle'. Hild, a Nordic-German Bellona, was a Valkyrie who conveyed fallen warriors to Valhalla. Warfare was often called Hild's Game.The name became rare in England during the later Middle Ages, but was revived in the 19th century. In Sweden it has been in use since the late 18th century, being a popular name throughout the 19th century. Hilde is a variant of Hilda. Another variation on Hild is Hildur. Ildik� is a Hungarian feminine given name of Germanic origin; its original Germanic version is Ilda or Hilda. Its meaning is "battle" or "warrior" in ancient Germanic languages. Its medieval Latin version was Ildico, which the Hungarians adopted as Ildik�.


Princess Hilda Charlotte Wilhelmine of Nassau (5 November 1864 � 8 February 1952) was the last Grand Duchess of Baden.She was the daughter of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, who was Duke of Nassau until he was deposed in 1866 and his second wife Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau.Hilda married Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden on 20 September 1885 at Schloss Hohenburg. The marriage did not produce surviving children. The couple became Grand Duke and Grand Duchess in 1907. Hilda was described as intelligent and interested in art, and was often present at art-exhibitions and museums. Several schools and streets, such as the schools Hilda-Gymnasium in Pforzheim, Hilda-Gymnasium in Koblenz, and the streets north- and south Hilda Promenade in Karlsruhe are named after her.Frederick and Hilda were deposed as Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Baden, in 1918 when all German monarchies were overthrown. At the time of the revolution, her sister-in-law, Queen Victoria of Sweden, was visiting the family. After the abdication of the German emperor, riots spread in Karlsruhe on 11 November. The son of a courtier led a group of soldiers up to the front of the palace, followed by a great crowd of people, where a few shots were fired.  Hilda, as well as the rest of the family, left the palace the back way and left for the Zwingenberg palace in the Neckar valley. By permission of the new government, they were allowed to stay at the Langenstein Palace, which belonged to a Swedish count, Douglas.  The government gave the order that the former grand ducal family was to be protected, and that Langenstein be excepted from housing the returning soldiers, because the Queen of Sweden was in their company, and Baden should not do anything to offend Sweden. In 1919, the family requested permission from the government to reside in Mainau, and was told that they were now private citizens and could do as they wished. Hilda is described as a jolly and cheerful character with the ability to ease things up with her good sense of humor, an ability she used during the revolution and the years after, taking care of her husband whose health was weak.As Frederick and Hilda were without own direct heirs, they bequeathed their castle of Mainau to Frederick's only sister's grandson, Count Lennart Bernadotte, who was also a great-grandson of Hilda's aunt.


Princess Hilda of Luxembourg (French: Hilda Sophie Marie Ad�la�de Wilhelmine de Nassau-Weilburg, Princesse de Luxembourg)(15 February 1897� 8 September 1979) was a Princess of Luxembourg by birth and the Princess of Schwarzenberg by marriage.Hilda was the third daughter of William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and his wife, Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal.[citation needed] Her two eldest sisters reigned as sovereign Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and titular Duchess of Nassau: Marie-Ad�la�de and Charlotte.Princess Hilda married with Adolf, 10th Prince of Schwarzenberg (18 August 1890 � 27 February 1950) in Berg Castle on 29 October 1930.They did not have children.


Princess Hilda Hildegard Marie Gabriele of Bavaria (24 March 1926 � 5 May 2002), daughter of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria and his second wife Princess Antonia of Luxembourg. She married Juan Bradstock Edgart Lockett de Loayza on 12 February 1949. They had four children.


Ildik� M�ria Walburga of Austria (Hilda Maria Walburga)(6 June 2002), daughter of Archduke Georg von Habsburg (16 December 1964) and Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg (22 August 1972).


Hilda Madeline Gordon-Lennox, Duchess of Richmond DBE FRHS JP (n�e Brassey)( 16 June 1872 � 29 December 1971) was the daughter of Henry Brassey and Anna Harriet Stevenson (died 15 July 1898), and granddaughter of the railway pioneer Thomas Brassey. She was known as Lady Settrington from 1893 to 1903, and as Countess of March from 1903 to 1928, when her husband inherited the dukedom.On 8 June 1893 Hilda Madeline Brassey married Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, the 8th Duke of Richmond (born 30 December 1870 � died 7 May 1935). They had 5 children.

Lady Hilda Madeline Britten-Jones (n�e Fisher) (1892-1965) was born in South Australia. She was the South Australian amateur Champion between 1921 and 1929.

Hilda Runciman, Viscountess Runciman of Doxford (28 September 1869 � 28 October 1956) was a British Liberal Party politician. A daughter of James Cochran Stevenson, a Liberal Member of Parliament for South Shields, Hilda Stevenson was educated at Notting Hill High School and Girton College, Cambridge, where she took first class honours in the History Tripos. In 1898 she married Walter Runciman, a rising politician. They had two sons and three daughters, including Leslie Runciman, 2nd Viscount Runciman of Doxford, Margaret Fairweather, one of the first eight women pilots in the Air Transport Auxiliary, and historian Steven Runciman.In 1937 her husband became Viscount Runciman of Doxford, and she was styled as Viscountess Runciman of Doxford.


Ildico (fl. AD 453) was the last wife of the Hunnic ruler Attila. Her name is probably Germanic, a diminutive form of the noun *hildaz ("battle"), a common element in Germanic female names (e.g. Svanhildr, Brynhildr and Gunnhildr), and Hildr ("battle") was the name of a Valkyrie. Her name is thus reconstructed as *Hildiko ("little Hildr"), and it is probably preserved in *Gr�mhild or *Krēmhild, the name of Ildiko's later legendary version.According to Priscus, Attila died after the feast celebrating their marriage in 453 AD, in which he suffered a severe nosebleed and choked to death in a stupor.

Nikola I Petrović-Njego� (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола I Петровић-Његош; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1841 � 1 March 1921) was the ruler of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. Nikola was born in the village of Njegu�i, the home of the reigning House of Petrović. He was the son of Mirko Petrović-Njego�, a celebrated Montenegrin warrior (an elder brother to Danilo I of Montenegro) and his wife, Anastasija Martinovich (1824-1895). After 1696, when the dignity of vladika, or prince-bishop, became hereditary in the Petrović family, the sovereign power had descended from uncle to nephew, the vladikas belonging to the order of the black clergy (i.e., monastic clergy) who are forbidden to marry. A change was introduced by Danilo I, who declined the episcopal office, married and declared the principality hereditary in the direct male line. Mirko Petrović-Njego� having renounced his claim to the throne, his son was nominated heir-presumptive, and the old system of succession was thus incidentally continued. In Cetinje, on 8 November 1860,  Prince Nicholas I of Montenegro, then aged 19 married Milena Vukotić then aged 13. They had 12 children.Five of his daughters were married, each to princes and kings, giving Nikola the nickname "the father-in-law of Europe", a sobriquet he shared with the contemporary King of Denmark.


Crown Prince Nicholas of Montenegro (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Петровић-Његош)(7 July 1944) is a French-born architect and the Head of the House of Petrović-Njego�, which reigned over Montenegro from 1696 to 1766 and again from 1782 to 1918.Prince Nicholas was born in Saint-Nicolas-du-P�lem at the house of a maternal great aunt in France as the only son and heir of Michael, Prince of Montenegro and his wife Genevi�ve, Princess of Montenegro, n�e Prigent (1919�1990), a member of the French resistance Prince Michael was internationally recognised as Montenegro's king-in-exile under a regency headed by his grandmother Queen Milena from 7 March 1921 until 13 July 1922 when international recognition was given for the 1918 annexation of Montenegro by the new Serbian headed kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Prince Nicholas' parents were married on 27 January 1941 in Paris.His parents divorced in Paris, France, on 11 August 1949, exactly 5 weeks after his 5th birthday. Genevieve received custody of the young Nicholas and raised him largely as a single mother. Growing up in France, Prince Nicholas barely saw his father and knew very little about Montenegro or his family's history being raised and educated as a Frenchman.In 1967 while a student he visited Montenegro for the first time, upon showing his university ID card the staff bowed upon recognising the Petrovic-Njegos name. News of his visit had spread and by the time he left the museum a crowd of 300 Montenegrins had gathered to greet him.Prince Nicholas succeeded as head of the House of Petrović-Njego� on the death of his father in 1986 and grew closer to his Montenegrin heritage. In 1989 he received an official invitation to come to Montenegro for the reburial and state funeral of his great grandparents King Nicholas I of Montenegro and Queen Milena and their two daughters, Princess Vera and Princess Xenia On 27 November 1976 in Tr�beurden, C�tes-du-Nord, he married Francine Navarro (Casablanca, 27 January 1950 - Paris, 6 August 2008), fashion designer, daughter of Antoine Navarro (Melilla, 29 January 1922 - Marseille, 12 August 1989), who fought in the French Foreign Legion, and wife Rachel Wazana (Casablanca, 19 July 1929), of Moroccan Jewish descent, paternal granddaughter of Francisco Navarro and wife Carmela Padia and maternal granddaughter of Charles Wazana and wife Fanny ... (? - Casablanca, 15 October 1938). They have 2 children.


Nikolai Martynov (born 30 September 2009), son of Princess Altina� Petrović-Njego� (Montenegro) (born 27 October 1977) and Anton Martynov.


Prince Nicholas of Romania (Romanian: Principele Nicolae al Rom�niei; 5 August 1903 � 9 June 1978), later known as Prince Nicholas of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the fourth child and second son of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Queen Marie.In 1927 after the death of his father, Nicholas was appointed as one of the three regents for his minor nephew King Michael I. His position as regent ended in 1930 with the return of his older brother Prince Carol to Romania to take over as King of Romania.In later 1930 he was stripped of his titles and privileges and exiled from the Royal Court, due to King Carol II's disapproval of his marriage. In 1942 after the removal of King Carol II from the throne and King Michael's second reign, Nicholas had also been stripped of his Romanian honours and therefore started using the title of Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen of the house to which he belonged.He died in exile on 9 July 1978 in Madrid, Spain.


Jobst Nikolaus I, Count of Hohenzollern (1433�1488), German nobleman


Baron, later Count Nikolaus Esterh�zy de Gal�ntha (English: Nicholas Esterh�zy of Gal�ntha) (8 April 1583 � 11 September 1645) was the founder of the West-Hungarian noble House of Esterh�zy which became one of the grandest and most influential aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Hungary.Nikolaus's parents were Protestants, and he himself followed them at first, but he subsequently became a Catholic and, along with Cardinal P�zm�ny, his most serious rival at court, became a pillar of Catholicism, both religiously and politically. At court, he opposed the two great Protestant champions of the period, Gabriel Bethlen and George I R�k�czi. Matthias II made him a baron (1613), count of Bereg (1617), and lord-lieutenant (Hungarian: főisp�n) of the county of Z�lyom and magister curiae regiae (1618).He married in 1612 Baroness Orsolya Dersffy de Szerdahely (1583�1619) and they had 2 children. After his first wife's death, he married in 1624 Baroness Krisztina Ny�ry de Bedegh (1604�1641) and had 9 children.


Prince Mikl�s Antal Esterh�zy of Gal�ntha (1655�1695), son of Paul I, Prince Esterh�zy of Gal�ntha (8 September 1635 � 26 March 1713) and his 1st wife and niece Countess Orsolya Esterh�zy of Gal�ntha.

Nikolaus I, Prince Esterh�zy (Hungarian: Esterh�zy I. Mikl�s, German: Nikolaus I. Joseph F�rst Esterhazy)( 18 December 1714 � 28 September 1790) was a Hungarian prince, a member of the famous Esterh�zy family. His building of palaces, extravagant clothing, and taste for opera and other grand musical productions led to his being given the title "the Magnificent". He is remembered as the principal employer of the composer Joseph Haydn. On 4 March 1737, he married Freiin Marie Elisabeth, daughter of Reichsgraf (Count of the Holy Roman Empire) Ferdinand von Weissenwolf. They had issue

Nicholas II, Prince Esterh�zy (Hungarian: Esterh�zy II. Mikl�s, German: Nikolaus II Esterh�zy)( 12 December 1765 � 24 November 1833) was a wealthy Hungarian prince. He served the Austrian Empire and was a member of the famous Esterh�zy family. He is especially remembered for his art collection and for his role as the last patron of Joseph Haydn.Nikolaus was born in Vienna on 12 December 1765, the son of Prince Anton Esterh�zy and his first wife, Maria Theresia, Countess Erd�dy de Monyorokerek et Monoszlo (1745�1782). His father Anton was the son of Nikolaus I, whom he succeeded as reigning prince on the latter's death in 1790. In 1783, the younger Nikolaus, aged 17, married the 15-year-old Maria Josepha, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (1768�1845).According to Mraz (2009b), the marriage was not a happy one (see below, "debauchery"). It produced three children: Paul (1786�1866), who succeeded Nikolaus as prince, Leopoldine (1788�1846), and Nikolaus (1799�1844)


Nikolaus Esterh�zy  (1799�1844) son of Nicholas II, Prince Esterh�zy and Maria Josepha, Princess von und zu Liechtenstein


Nikolaus III, Prince Esterh�zy (Hungarian: Esterh�zy III. Mikl�s, German: Nikolaus III Esterh�zy (Regensburg, June 25, 1817 - Vienna, January 28, 1894) was the ninth prince of the Hungarian House of Esterh�zy.Unlike his ancestors, Nikolaus did not spend his youth in the Schloss Esterh�za in Hungary, but in England, where his father, Paul III Anton, Prince Esterh�zy, was Ambassador for the Austrian Emperor. Nikolaus married Lady Sarah Frederica Caroline Child Villiers (1822�1853), a daughter of George Child Villiers, 5th Earl of Jersey, and his wife the former Lady Sarah Sophia Fane. Lady Jersey was a close friend of his mother Princess Maria Theresia of Thurn and Taxis, who served with her for many years as a patroness of Almack's, the centre of London's social scene. They had three sons, Paul IV, Prince Esterh�zy (born 1843), Aloys (1844), and Anton (1851). His wife died in 1853.After his return from England, Nikolaus entered into the service of the new Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, and accompanied him on his travels through Hungary and Transylvania. Like most of his ancestors, in 1862 he received the Order of the Golden Fleece.In 1866, he succeeded his father, but under very difficult circumstances. In 1865 the Esterh�zy estates had been placed in the hands of curators until 1898, because of the enormous debts caused by his father's and grandfather's extravagance. Nikolaus was forced to sell the family's collection of paintings to the Kingdom of Hungary, and it still constitutes the core of the collection of the present-day Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest.When he died in 1894 he was succeeded by his eldest son, Paul.


Nikolaus VI Graf P�lffy von Erdőd (1657�1732), Hungarian nobleman known as Mikl�s P�lffy


Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg (German: Nikolaus Friedrich Wilhelm von Holstein-Gottorp, Erbgro�herzog von Oldenburg)(10 August 1897 � 3 April 1970) was the eldest son of Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, who was the last ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg.In 1931, Nikolaus succeeded to his father's titles and assumed the role of pretender to the Grand Duchy, until his death in 1970.Nikolaus was born at Oldenburg, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, the third child and first son of Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1852�1931) (son of Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg and Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg) and his wife, Duchess Elisabeth Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1869�1955) (daughter of Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt).He was a first cousin of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and with his wife and other family members was a guest at her 1937 wedding to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld Nikolaus married on 26 October 1921 in Arolsen to Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1899�1948), only daughter of Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and his wife, Princess Bathildis of Schaumburg-Lippe. They had issue.


Prince Nikolaus of Liechtenstein (Nikolaus Ferdinand Maria Josef Raphael)(24 October 1947) is a member of the Liechtenstein princely family. He is a younger brother of the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein, Hans-Adam II. He is also the non-resident Ambassador of Liechtenstein to the Holy See Nikolaus was born in Z�rich as the third son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and of his wife, Countess Georgina of Wilczek.Nikolaus married on 20 March 1982, at Notre Dame Cathedral in Luxembourg, Princess Margaretha of Luxembourg, youngest daughter of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. For the time being, this is the last dynastically equal marriage between two sovereign houses currently reigning in Europe.They had four children


Prince Nikolaus of Thurn and Taxis (later Nikolaus, Baron of Hochstadt) (German: Nikolaus Prinz von Thurn und Taxis; Nikolaus, Freiherr von Hochstadt) (21 January 1885 � 8 June 1919) was a member of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis and a Prince of Thurn and Taxis.Nikolaus was born in Athens, Kingdom of Greece, the eldest child and son of Prince Franz of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Countess Theresia Grimaud of Orsay.Nikolaus renounced his princely rights and title of "Prince of Thurn and Taxis" and was subsequently created "Baron of Hochstadt" by Otto of Bavaria on 19 May 1913 His renunciation of his succession rights and title followed his engagement to the Munich actress Carola Reichenberger, the daughter of a foreman of a printing shop Because Reichenberger was "of humbler birth" than Nikolaus, his family objected to the union It was announced that their wedding was scheduled to take place in early August 1913 and the couple wed on 3 August.Following the wedding, Nikolaus and his wife relocated to Texas in the United States


Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau (20 September 1832 � 17 September 1905), was the only son of William, Duke of Nassau by his second wife Princess Pauline of W�rttemberg.He married morganatically in London on 1 July 1868 with Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina (Saint Petersburg, 4 June 1836 � Cannes, 23 March 1913). She was the youngest child of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin and his wife, Natalia Nikolayevna Goncharova, and a descendant of Abram Petrovich Gannibal and Petro Doroshenko, Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks, in turn grandson of Mykhailo Doroshenko. She was divorced from Russian General Mikhail Leontievich von Dubelt, by whom she had a daughter. In 1868, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm's sister Princess Helena of Nassau's husband George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont granted Natalia the title Countess von Merenberg.They had 3 children


Count Georg Nikolaus von Merenberg (13 February 1871 � 31 May 1948); son of Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau and Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina He married firstly on 12 May 1895 in Nice, Princess Olga Alexandrovna Yurievskaya (St. Petersburg, 8 November 1873 � Wiesbaden, 10 August 1925), daughter of Alexander II of Russia and his morganatic second wife, Princess Ekaterina Mikhailovna Dolgorukova, and had issue; married, secondly, on 2 January 1930 in Wiesbaden, Adelheid Moran-Brambeer (Wiesbaden, 18 October 1875 � Z�rich, 12 May 1942), no issue


Georg Nikolaus von Rintelen (29 June 1970); son of Countess Elisabeth Clothilde von Merenberg (b. Wiesbaden, 14 May 1941) and  Enno von Rintelen (b. Berlin, 9 November 1921 - 16 October 2013). He married on 30 May 2007 Olivia Minninger (b. K�ln, 27 August 1969), and had issue


Nicolai von Rintelen (17 November 2006) son of Georg Nikolaus von Rintelen and Olivia Minninger


Prince Nicolas of Belgium (13 December 2005), son of Prince Laurent of Belgium and Claire Coombs. Twin of prince  Aymeric.


Monsieur d'Orl�ans (16 April 1607 � 17 November 1611) was the second son and fourth child of Henry IV of France and his consort, Marie de' Medici. Commonly ascribed the names Nicolas or Nicolas Henri and the title Duke of Orl�ans, he was neither baptised nor invested as such during the course of his short life.


Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Νικόλαος)(October 1, 1969) is the third child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, who were the last King and Queen of Greece, reigning from 1964 to 1973.Nikolaos's engagement to Tatiana Ellinka Blatnik, with whom he had been in a long term relationship, was announced on 28 December 2009, by the office of King Constantine in London. The couple married in the Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas, Spetses, Greece on August 25, 2010. No issue


Prince Nicolas Paul Gustaf, Duke of �ngermanland,(15 June 2015), 2nd child and only son of Princess Madeleine of Sweden and Chris O'Neil


Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (Nikolai William Alexander Frederik)(28 August 1999) is a member of the Danish royal family. He is the eldest son of Prince Joachim and his first wife, Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg. He is currently seventh in the line of succession to the Danish throne. At the time of his birth, he was third, after his uncle and father.


Prince Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn (Russian: Никола́й Дми́триевич Голи́цын)( 12 April 1850 � 2 July 1925) was a Russian Golitsyn was born in Porechye, a village in the Moscow Governorate near Mozhaisk into the noble Golitsyn family. His father was Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn (1803-1864) who came from Bolshiye Vyazyomy, the family estate.Prince Nikolai Golitsyn married in Saint Petersburg on 7 April 1881 Evgenia Andrejevna von Gr�nberg (Saint-Petersburg, 18 April 1864 - Nice, 18 July 1934). The couple had six children


Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich (Archangelsk, 1883 - executed at Solovski, 1931), son of Prince Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn and Evgenia Andrejevna von Gr�nberg


Prince Nikolai Sergeyevich Trubetzkoy (Russian: Никола́й Серге́евич Трубецко́й)(16 April 1890 � 25 June 1938) was a Russian linguist and historian whose teachings formed a nucleus of the Prague School of structural linguistics. He is widely considered to be the founder of morphophonology. He was also associated with the Russian Eurasianists.Trubetzkoy was born into privilege. His father, Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, came from a Lithuanian Gediminid princely family.


Nicholas Alexandrovich (Russian: Николай Александрович)( 20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1843 � 24 April [O.S. 12 April] 1865) was tsesarevich�the heir apparent�of Imperial Russia from 2 March 1855 until his death in 1865.Grand Duke Nicholas was born on 20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1843, in the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo south of central Saint Petersburg, during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Nicholas I. Nicknamed "Nixa", he was the eldest son of the Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, eldest son of Emperor Nicholas I, and the Tsesarevna Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. In 1855, his paternal grandfather died, and his father succeeded to the throne as Emperor Alexander II.Nicholas had a close relationship with his younger brother, Grand Duke Alexander. He called Alexander "Pug." On his deathbed, he told his father, �Papa, take care of Sasha, he is such an honest, good man." In the summer of 1864, Nicholas became engaged to Princess Dagmar of Denmark. She was the second daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel and was a younger sister of the Princess of Wales, later Queen Alexandra and wife of the heir-apparent to the British throne, Albert Edward, who reigned as Edward VII.Nicholas was besotted with Dagmar after he saw a photograph of her. Until 1865, Nicholas was thought to have a strong constitution. During a tour in southern Europe, he contracted an ailment that was initially incorrectly diagnosed as rheumatism. Nicholas's symptoms at that time included back pain and a stiff neck, as well as sensitivity to noise and light. He thought little of his ailments, however, and continued his tour in Italy. His health rapidly worsened, and he was sent to Southern France, but this move brought him no improvement. It was eventually determined that he was suffering from cerebro-spinal meningitis, and it was speculated that this illness of his was caused by a previous accident in a wrestling match, in which Nicholas participated and was thrown down. In the spring of 1865, Nicholas continued to decline, and he died on 24 April 1865, at the Villa Bermond in Nice, France. On his deathbed, Nicholas expressed the wish that his fianc�e become the bride of his younger brother and future tsarevich, Alexander. He "raised his right hand and took Sasha's [Alexander's] hand... and seemed to be reaching for Princess Dagmar's with his left." In 1866, Alexander and Dagmar married.Nicholas's death at the early age of 21 thoroughly devastated his mother, who was said to have pored obsessively over all aspects of Nicholas's life. Empress Maria never recovered from his death.

Count Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev (historical spelling: Nicolai Ignatieff; Russian: Граф Никола́й Па́влович Игна́тьев; 29 January [O.S. 17 January] 1832 � 3 July [O.S. 20 June] 1908), a Russian statesman and diplomat, became best known for his aggressive expansionism in support of Russian imperialism. In dealing with China, he secured a large slice of Chinese territory by the multi-lateral Treaty of Peking in 1860 Nikolay Ignatyev was born in St Petersburg, to Maria Ivanovna Maltsova and Captain Pavel Nikolayevich Ignatyev.Count Nikolay Ignatiev was married to Yekaterina Leonidovna Galitzina (1842-1917), daughter of Prince Leonid Mikhailovich Galitzine and Anna Matveyevna Tolsta�a.Their eight children included Ignatiev's son, Count Pavel Ignatiev, who served as the last Minister of Education under Tsar Nicholas II and later moved to Canada. His grandson, George Ignatieff, was born in Russia and became a Canadian diplomat, and his great-grandson, Michael Ignatieff, is an academic and was the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2008 to 2011.Other sons of Count Ignatiev included: - General Nikolai Nikolaevich Ignatiev (1872-1962), commander of the Preobrazhensky Regiment of the Imperial Guard; - Alexey Nikolaevich Ignatiev (1874-1948), last governor of Kiev under Tsarist rule.


Nikolaus (Anton) Graf Sz�csen von Temerin (Hungarian: gr�f temerini Sz�csen Mikl�s) (26 November 1857 � 18 May 1926), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat of Hungarian origin serving as ambassador at Paris at the outbreak of World War I.Born in Temerin on 26 November 1857 into the Hungarian nobility as son of Anton Graf Sz�csen von Temerin (1819�1896), an Austro-Hungarian government minister. In 1896, he married Johanna Gr�fin Mikes von Zabola (1866�1930) in Vienna. They had 3 children.


Nicholas, Count of Salm (Vielsalm, Belgium 1459 � Salmhof, Marchegg, Lower Austria, 4 May 1530) was a German soldier and an Imperial senior military commander (German: Feldherr). His greatest achievement was the defense of Vienna during the first siege by the Turks in 1529.In 1502, he married Elisabeth von Rogendorff, with several children

Nicholas II, count of Salm-Neuburg, son of Nicholas, Count of Salm and  Elisabeth von Rogendorff


Nicholas, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg (also known as Claus of Holstein; 1321 � 8 May 1397 in Itzehoe) was a titular Count of Schauenburg. Together first with his brother and then with his nephews, Nicholas was the co-ruling Count of Holstein-Rendsburg from 1340 until his death. In 1390 Nicholas and his nephews inherited Holstein-Kiel, which itself included former Holstein-Pl�n through reversion in 1350. So except of Holstein-Pinneberg Nicholas and his nephews had united all of Holstein. He was also co-ruler of Schleswig from 1375 to 1386. He was thus a leading member of the House of Schauenburg and an influential figure in the area orth of the Elbe. He was the second son of Count Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg and his wife, Sophia of Werle.He ruled Schleswig jointly with his elder brother Henry II from 1375 to 1384, thereafter alone. In 1386, he abdicated as Duke of Schleswig in favour of Henry II's son Gerhard VI of Holstein-Rendsburg, who was confirmed as Gerhard II as Duke of Schleswig by King Olaf II of Denmark.In 1354, he married Elisabeth, the daughter of Duke William II of Brunswick and L�neburg, Prince of Lunenburg. She was the widow of Otto of Saxe-Wittenberg, a son of Rudolph I. They had one daughter


Nicholas I, Count of Tecklenburg (died 1367), also known as Nicholas III of Schwerin, was a German noble in the Holy Roman Empire.Nicholas was the son of Gunzelin VI, Count of Schwerin and Richardis, the daughter of Count Otto IV of Tecklenburg. In 1328, he succeeded his uncle, Count Otto V of Tecklenburg, as count of Tecklenburg-Ibbend�ren and count of Lingen and Cloppenburg. He was initially considered an outsider, however, he managed to prove himself capable of the job.Nicholas married Helena, the daughter of Count Otto of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen-Altbruchhausen. They had two children


Nicholas II of Tecklenburg (� 1426) was the ruling Count of Tecklenburg from 1388 until his death.Nicholas II was the only son of Count Otto VI and his wife, Adelaide of Lippe, a daughter of Bernard V, Lord of Lippe.Nicholas II married Anna Elisabeth of Moers (d. 1430), a daughter of Frederick III, Count of Moers. They had 2 children.

Nicholas III of Tecklenburg (d. 1508) son of Otto VII, Count of Tecklenburg and his 1st wife Ermengarda of Hoya-Nienburg


Count Nikolay Alexandrovich Zubov (Russian: Николай Александрович Зубов; 24 April 1763 � 9 August 1805) was the eldest of the Zubov brothers who, together with Count Pahlen, masterminded the conspiracy to assassinate Tsar Paul of Russia. In 1782 Zubov joined the Horse Guards Regiment where he became known for his gigantic height, physical strength and fiery temper. When his younger brother Platon became Catherine II's lover, the "colossus" was made a count and general. He helped Alexander Suvorov fend off Prince Potemkin's intrigues, courted his only daughter, the Suvorochka (1775�1844), and eventually married her towards the end of 1794.Although Catherine II's death spelled the end of his career, Nicholas mustered courage and rushed to the Gatchina Palace, where her son Paul was residing. He hoped to become the first to congratulate Paul on his prospective accession to the throne. On hearing the news of his arrival, Paul refused to see the courtier. He had heard the rumor that the Zubovs persuaded the Empress to sign a testament transferring the throne to her grandson Alexander and was afraid that Zubov had come to arrest him.In short order, the Zubov brothers were exiled from court and little was heard about them until November 1800, when Nicholas was permitted to return to St. Petersburg. The connections of his sister Olga Zherebtsova and the funds provided by her lover Lord Whitworth allowed him and Count Pahlen to form a conspiracy. On the night of 11 March 1801 the plotters broke into Paul's bedroom in Saint Michael's Castle, and Zubov struck the emperor down with a heavy snuffbox, whereupon the emperor was strangled by his accomplices.Zubov died four years after the regicide. Among his descendants was Count Valentin Platonovich Zubov (1884�1969) who founded the Gatchina museum and authored several books about Tsar Paul and his reign.


 Count Nicholas Muravyov (governor of Grodno)


Nicholas Theotokis, son of George (Νικόλαος Γ. Θεοτόκης, died 1603), nephew of Alexander Theotokis (Αλέξανδρος Θεοτόκης, 1516�1600),, Venetian governor of Parga in 1591

Nicholas Theotokis, son of Mark (Νικόλαος Μ. Θεοτόκης, 1631�1686), grandson of the above, as reward for his service during the War of Candia, in 1699 his descendants received the title of count


Count Nicholas-Alvise Theotokis (Νικόλαος Αλοΐσιος Θεοτόκης, 1702�1762), son of Count George Theotokis (Γεώργιος Θεοτόκης, 1677�1734), ambassador to Venice from 1746


Nicolas-Alexandre, marquis de S�gur (1695�1755) was a Bordeaux wine maker who during his lifetime was known as the "Prince of Vines" due to his ownership of some of the most famous Bordeaux chateaus-including Ch�teau Lafite, Ch�teau Latour, Ch�teau Mouton and Ch�teau Calon-S�gur. A hundred years after his death, the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 would designate Lafite and Latour as First Growths, Mouton as a second growth and Calon-S�gur as a third growth.Nicolas-Alexandre S�gur was the son of Alexandre de le Meon de S�gur de Francs et Portugaises and Marie-Th�r�se de Clausel and paternal grandson of Jean-Isaac, marquis de S�gur (d. 1707), military commander and a descendant of Fran�ois de S�gur, seigneur de Sainte-Aulaye (d. 1605)


Prince Nikita Alexandrovich of Russia (17 January [O.S. 4 January] 1900 � 12 September 1974) was the third son and fourth child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. He was a nephew of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.Born in Imperial Russia during the reign of his uncle, Prince Nikita escaped the fate of many of his relatives who were killed by the Bolsheviks. He left Russia in April 1919, at age nineteen. In 1922, he married Countess Maria Vorontsova-Dashkova. The couple had two children.

Prince Nikita Nikitich Romanov (13 May 1923 � 3 May 2007) was a British born, American historian and writer, author of a book about Ivan the Terrible. He was a member of the Romanov family, a son of Prince Nikita Alexandrovich of Russia and a great nephew of Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar.Prince Nikita was married to Jane Anna Schoenwald (24 April 1933, Oklahoma City � 28 January 2017, Cairo) on 14 July 1961 in London, and they had one son

The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic *Hrō�i- "fame" and *berhta- "bright" (Hrō�iberhtaz).Compare Old Dutch Robrecht and Old High German Hrodebert (a compound of Hruod (Old Norse: Hr��r) "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown" and berht "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin. It is also in use as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert.


Robert I of Scotland (1274�1329) ("Robert the Bruce"), king and national hero of Scotland, legendary for his victory at the Battle of Bannockburn, one of the most prominent and skilled warriors of his time who freed Scotland from the English rule during the Wars of Scottish Independence

Robert II of Scotland (Robert Stewart) (1316�1390), one of the principal commanders at the Battle of Halidon Hill

Robert III of Scotland (c. 1337/40�1406)

Robert I of France (c.866�923)

Robert II of France (972�1031)

Robert of Naples (1276�1343)

Robert of Germany (Rupertus, Rex Romanorum) (1352�1410)

Charles I Robert of Hungary and Croatia (1288�1342)

Robert I, Duke of Normandy (1000�1035), also known as Robert the Magnificent or Robert the Devil; father of William the Conqueror

Robert Curthose (c.1051�1134, son of William the Conqueror, claimant to throne of Kingdom of England, one of the principal commanders of the First Crusade and its battles Siege of Antioch, Battle of Ascalon, Battle of Dorylaeum (1097), Siege of Jerusalem (1099), Siege of Nicaea and Battle of Tinchebray

Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres (Robert Philippe Louis Eug�ne Ferdinand)(November 9, 1840 � December 5, 1910), was the son of Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orl�ans, and thus grandson of King Louis-Philippe of France. He fought for the Union in the American Civil War, and then for France in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War. In 1863 he married his cousin Princess Fran�oise of Orl�ans, the daughter of Fran�ois, Prince of Joinville. In 1886, he was exiled from France.Robert and Fran�oise had 5 children


Prince Robert d'Orl�ans (11 January 1866 � 30 May 1885), son of Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres and Princess Francoise of Orl�ans.

Robert I (Italian: Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria)(9 July 1848 � 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma and descended from Philip, Duke of Parma, the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese. Born in Florence, Robert was the elder son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Th�r�se d'Artois, daughter of Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry and granddaughter of King Charles X of France. He succeeded his father to the ducal throne in 1854 upon the latter's assassination, when he was only six, while his mother stood as regent.On 5 April 1869, while in exile in Rome, he married Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1849�1882), daughter of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. She was his half first cousin once removed, as her father (Ferdinand II) and Robert's maternal grandmother (Princess Caroline Ferdinande of Bourbon-Two Sicilies) were half-siblings, both being children of Francis I of the Two Sicilies.Maria Pia belonged to the deposed Royal Family of the Two Sicilies and was thus a Bourbon, like her husband. She bore him 12 children, before dying in childbirth After his first wife's death in childbirth, he remarried on 15 October 1884 to Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal, daughter of the deposed King Miguel I of Portugal and his wife, Adelaide of L�wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. Maria Antonia was his second cousin once removed, as her paternal grandmother (Charlotte of Spain) and Robert's paternal great-grandmother (Maria Luisa of Spain) were siblings, both being children of Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma. She bore him another 12 children


Robert Hugo, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Roberto Ugo di Borbone-Parma)( 7 August 1909 � 15 November 1974) was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma and the pretender to the defunct throne of the Duchy of Parma between 1959 and 1974.Robert Hugo was born at Schloss Weilburg in Baden bei Wien, the second but eldest surviving son of Elias, Duke of Parma and Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1882�1940). He succeeded his father Elias as head of the House of Bourbon-Parma upon his death in 1959, and maintained his style until his death in 1974 in Vienna. He died unmarried and without issue, and was succeeded by his agnatic half-uncle Xavier.


Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este (given names: Robert Karl Ludwig Maximilian Michael Maria Anton Franz Ferdinand Joseph Otto Hubert Georg Pius Johannes Marcus d'Aviano)(8 February 1915 � 7 February 1996), was the second son of Karl I, (beatified) last Emperor of Austria-Hungary, and Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma. He was also known as Robert Karl Erzherzog von �sterreich. On 16 April 1917, at the age of two, his father the Emperor ceded the title of Archduke of Austria-Este in Robert's favor. Archduke Robert was thereby chosen to preserve, in the form of a distinct secundogeniture, the Habsburg-Lorraine representation of the once-sovereign Duchy of Modena which had belonged to the House of Este. He was thus made heir to his assassinated relative Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, (1863�1914), who had inherited in 1875 the Austria-Este designation and what had been salvaged of the Este fortune when the duchy was annexed to Italy in 1860.Upon his death in 1996, the day before his 81st birthday, he was succeeded as head of this line by his son, Lorenz of Austria-Este, Prince of Belgium (born 1955). Although the marriage of his eldest son to Princess Astrid of Belgium, relegated use of the Austria-Este archdukedom to a secondary title in that realm, the title continues in use elsewhere among his cadet descendants Archduke Robert married Princess Margherita of Savoy-Aosta (7 April 1930 � 10 January 2022), elder daughter of the late Amadeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta on 28 December 1953 in Bourg-en-Bresse, France (civilly) and 29 December 1953 (religiously), in Brou, France The couple had five children, all of whom use the designation of Austria-Este.


Robert I, Count of Flanders (c.1035�1093)

Robert II, Count of Flanders (c.1065�1111), one of the principal commanders of the First Crusade and its battles Siege of Antioch, Battle of Ascalon, Siege of Jerusalem (1099), Siege of Ma'arra and Siege of Nicaea

Robert I, crown prince of Bavaria (1869�1955), also known as Prince Rupprecht, last heir apparent to the Bavarian throne, one of the most prominent military commanders of World War I, claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland, one of the principal commanders of Battle of the Somme Rupprecht was born in Munich, the eldest of the thirteen children of Ludwig III, the last King of Bavaria, and of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, a niece of Duke Francis V of Modena. He was a member of the lineage of both Louis XIV of France and William the Conqueror. As a direct descendant of Henrietta of England, daughter of Charles I of England, he was claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland in the Jacobite succession Rupprecht married twice and had children with both of his wives. His first wife was Duchess Marie Gabriele in Bavaria (9 October 1878 � 24 October 1912), daughter of Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria, married on 10 July 1900 in Munich. They had five children His second wife was Princess Antonia of Luxembourg (7 October 1899 � 31 July 1954), daughter of William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, married on 7 April 1921 in Lenggries. They had six children.


Robert I, Latin Emperor (d. 1228), Emperor of the Latin Empire and Constantinopole

Robert Guiscard (c. 1015�1085), Norman nobleman, adventurer and explorer, leader of the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily


Robert III of Artois (1287�1342), Lord of Conches-en-Ouche, of Domfront, and of Mehun-sur-Y�vre, Earl of Richmond, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Saint-Omer and Hundred Years' War (1337�1360)

Robert of Bell�me, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in the competition for the succession to England and Normandy, member of the House of Bell�me, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Tinchebray

Sir Robert Bemborough, medieval knight who led the Montfortist faction during the Combat of the Thirty
Robert de Craon (died 1147), the second Grand Master of the Knights Templar from June 1136 until his death, one of the principal commanders of the Second Crusade

Robert de Juilly (died 1377), Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1374 to his death

Robert IV of Sabl� (1150�1193), eleventh Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1191 to 1192 and Lord of Cyprus from 1191 to 1192, one of the principal commanders of the Third Crusade and Battle of Arsuf


Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley

Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey

Robert Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury

Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth

Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset

Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood) CH, PC, QC (14 September 1864 � 24 November 1958), known as Lord Robert Cecil from 1868 to 1923, was a British lawyer, politician and diplomat. He was one of the architects of the League of Nations and a defender of it, whose service to the organisation saw him awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937.Cecil was born at Cavendish Square, London, the sixth child and third son of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, three times prime minister, and Georgina, daughter of Sir Edward Hall Alderson. He was the brother of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury, Lord William Cecil, Lord Edward Cecil and Lord Quickswood and the cousin of Arthur Balfour He was fond of saying that his marriage to Lady Eleanor Lambton, daughter of George Lambton, 2nd Earl of Durham on 22 January 1889, was the cleverest thing he had ever done.

Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury

Sir Robert Dashwood, 1st Baronet, English politician

Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English nobleman and military commander, one of the principal commanders of English Armada, Capture of Cadiz, Islands Voyage, Essex Campaign in Ireland and Irish Nine Years' War

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, British statesman and military commander, governor-general of British Empire, one of the principal commanders of Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War, Anglo-Spanish War (1585�1604) and Battle of Zutphen

Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, British nobleman and military leader, Roundhead and one of the principal commanders of English Civil War

Robert Bannatyne Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay, GCMG, PC (11 July 1842 � 9 March 1929), known as Sir Robert Finlay from 1895 to 1916, initially formally qualified as a doctor, was a British barrister and politician, and Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. The son of William Finlay, a physician, and Ann, daughter of Robert Bannatyne Lord Finlay married Mary, daughter of Cosmo Innes, in 1874. She died in June 1911. Lord Finlay died in March 1929, aged 86, at his home in Kensington, London, and was buried at Nairn. He was succeeded in his titles by his son, William, later a Lord Justice of Appeal.

Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet, Scottish politician and courtier

Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke, English Baron, military commander and Roundhead general

Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain

Robert Herbert, 12th Earl of Pembroke

Sir Robert Inglis, 2nd Baronet, English Conservative politician

Robert Kerr, 1st Earl of Ancram

Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian

Sir Robert Kingsmill, 1st Baronet, Royal navy officer, one of the principal commanders of French expedition to Ireland (1796)


Robert I de la Marck


Robert II de la Marck (1468 � November 1536), Duke of Bouillon, Belgium, and Seigneur of Sedan, France. Son of Robert I de la Marck and Jeanne de Saulcy Robert married Catherine de Cro�, daughter of Philip I of Cro�-Chimay, Count of Chimay, in 1490. They had 8 children

Robert III de La Marck, Seigneur of Fleuranges, Marshal of France. Born in 1491, Robert was the son of Robert II de la Marck; Duke of Bouillon, Seigneur of Sedan and Fleuranges, and Catherine de Cro� Robert married Guillemette de Sarrebruck and had 1 son

Robert IV de La Marck (1512�1556), was Duke of Bouillon, Seigneur of Sedan and a Marshal of France. Robert was the only son of Robert III de La Marck and Guillemette de Sarrebruck Robert married in 1538 Fran�oise de Br�z�, daughter of Louis de Br�z� and Diane de Poitiers. They had 9 children


Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Nithsdale, Scottish nobleman and military commander, one of the principal commanders of Thirty Years' War

Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, Scottish soldier and nobleman, member of the Council of Regency of the Kingdom of Scotland, Regent of the Isle of Arran, patriarch of the House of Maxwell/Clan Maxwell, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Solway Moss and Battle of Melrose

Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth

Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, British politician and industrialist and one of early textile manufacturers of the Industrial Revolution, father of Sir Robert Peel, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull

Robert Raymond, 1st Baron Raymond

Robert Reid, 1st Earl Loreburn

Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick

Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain

Lord Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford, British peer and politician

Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth, British nobleman and Conservative politician

Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry

Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Irish/British statesman, British Foreign Secretary, central to the management of the War of the Sixth Coalition that defeated Napoleon, principal British diplomat at the Congress of Vienna, leader of the British House of Commons in the Liverpool, Chief Secretary for Ireland, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, one of the principal leaders of Irish Rebellion of 1798


Prince Robert of Luxembourg (Robert Louis Fran�ois Marie)(14 August 1968) is a member of the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg. He is a paternal first cousin of Henri, the reigning grand duke of Luxembourg. Prince Robert is currently the president of Domaine Clarence Dillon, the French wine company founded by his maternal great-grandfather, Clarence Dillon. As of May 2020, Prince Robert is 12th in the line of succession to the Luxembourger throne. Born on 14 August 1968 at Fischbach Castle, Fischbach, Luxembourg, he is the second child and only son of Prince Charles of Luxembourg, second son of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma, and his American-born wife, Joan Douglas Dillon, second daughter of politician and diplomat C. Douglas Dillon. He has one older sister half-sister from his mother's previous marriage and one older full-sister, Princess Charlotte (born 15 September 1967). Prince Robert and his sister were raised at Fischbach Castle which was then the home of his paternal grandparents On 29 January 1994, Prince Robert married Julie Elizabeth Houston Ongaro (born 9 June 1966) in Boston, Massachusetts. They have three children As their marriage was non-dynastically approved, Julie was initially known only as "Julie de Nassau" and their children initially bore the titles "Count/Countess of Nassau". On 27 November 2004, Grand Duke Henri issued an Arr�t� grand-ducal upgrading Julie and their issue to the titles of "Prince/Princess of Nassau" with the style of Royal Highness

Julie is a popular Latin first name which originally comes from the Latin Julia which could mean youthful, soft-haired, beautiful or vivacious. It is the feminine form of Julius, and can be a pet form of Julia, Yulie, or Juliette.


Julia (wife of Sulla) (c. 129 BC�c. 104 BC), first wife of Sulla

Julia (wife of Marius) (c. 130 BC�69 BC)

Julia (mother of Mark Antony) (104 BC�after 39 BC)

Julia Major (sister of Julius Caesar) (before 101 BC�?)

Julia Minor (sister of Julius Caesar) (101 BC�51 BC), maternal grandmother of Emperor Augustus Caesar

Julia (daughter of Caesar) (c. 76 BC�54 BC)

Livia Drusilla (58 BC�29 AD), also known as Julia Augusta, wife of Emperor Augustus Caesar

Julia the Elder (39 BC�14 AD), daughter of Emperor Augustus

Julia the Younger (19 BC�c. AD 29), daughter of Julia the Elder

Julia Livia (before 14�43), granddaughter of Emperor Tiberius

Julia Agrippina or Agrippina the Younger (15�59), daughter of the general Germanicus and fourth wife of Emperor Claudius

Julia Drusilla (16�38), daughter of Germanicus, sister of Caligula

Julia Livilla (18-late AD 41 or early AD 42), daughter of Germanicus, youngest sister of Caligula

Julia Drusilla (39�41), daughter of Emperor Caligula

Julia Urania (fl. 1st century), wife of Roman client king Ptolemy of Mauretania

Julia Bodina (fl. 1st century), a slave, later freedwoman, of Julia Urania of Mauretania

Julia Iotapa (daughter of Antiochus III) (before 17�c. 52), Queen of Commagene

Julia Iotapa (daughter of Antiochus IV) (c. 45�after 96), Queen of Cetis

Julia Iotapa (Cilician princess) (c. 80�2nd century), Princess of Cilicia

Julia Mamaea (wife of Polemon II of Pontus) (fl. 1st century), second wife of Polemon II of Pontus

Julia (daughter of Tigranes VI of Armenia) (fl. 1st century-possibly 2nd century), Herodian Princess of Armenia

Julia Flavia (64�91), daughter of emperor Titus

Julia Serviana Paulina (died before 136?), niece of Emperor Hadrian

Julia Fadilla, younger half-sister to Emperor Antoninus Pius and paternal aunt to Empress Faustina the Younger

Julia Domna (160�217), empress and wife of Emperor Septimius Severus

Julia Maesa (c. 165�c. 224), Domna's sister

Julia Soaemias (180�222), daughter to Julia Maesa and mother of emperor Elagabalus

Julia Avita Mamaea (after 180�235), Soaemias' sister and mother of emperor Alexander Severus

Julia Severa or Severina (fl. 3rd century), daughter of Emperor Philip the Arab

Julia, Princess of Battenberg (previously Countess Julia Therese Salomea von Hauke, Russian: Ю́лия Маври́киевна Гауке)( 24 November [O.S. 12 November] 1825 � 19 September 1895) was the wife of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, the third son of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse. The daughter of a Polish general of German descent, she was not of princely origin. She became a lady-in-waiting to Marie of Hesse, wife of the future Emperor Alexander II and a sister of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, whom she married, having met him in the course of her duties. The marriage of social unequals was deemed morganatic, but the Duke of Hesse gave her her own title of nobility as Princess of Battenberg. She was the mother of Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria, and is an ancestor of Charles, Prince of Wales, heir to the British throne, and to the current generations of the Spanish royal family.Hauke was born in Warsaw, Congress Poland, then ruled in personal union by the Emperor of the Russian Empire. She was the daughter of Hans Moritz Hauke, a Polish general of German descent. Her mother, Sophie, was the daughter of Polish doctor Franz Leopold Lafontaine.Hauke served as lady-in-waiting to Empress Marie Alexandrovna, wife of the future Emperor Alexander II and a sister of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine. She met Prince Alexander while performing her duties at court in St. Petersburg. The Emperor did not approve of a courtship between her and his son's brother-in-law, so the two arranged to leave St. Petersburg. By the time Julia and Alexander were able to marry, she was six months pregnant with their first child, Marie. They were married on 28 October 1851 in Breslau in Prussian Silesia (now called Wrocław and in Poland).Since she was not considered equal for royal marriage purposes, her children did not qualify for succession to the throne of Hesse and by Rhine. Her marriage was declared to be morganatic after the birth of her first son.Her husband's brother, Grand Duke Louis III of Hesse-Darmstadt, made her Countess of Battenberg in 1851; with the style of Illustrious Highness (German: Erlaucht). In 1858, she was elevated to Princess of Battenberg with the style of Serene Highness, (German: Seine Erlaucht). Battenberg became the name of a morganatic branch of the Grand Ducal Family of Hesse.There were five children of the marriage, all princes and princesses of Battenberg


Julie d'Angennes, Duchess of Montausier (1607 - 15 November 1671) was a French courtier. She served as royal governess of Louis, Grand Dauphin in 1661-1664, and Premi�re dame d'honneur to the queen of France, Queen Marie Th�r�se, from 1664 until 1671. She was the duchesse de Montausier by marriage.Julie d'Angennes was the daughter of Charles d'Angennes, Marquis of Rambouillet and Catherine de Vivonne, "marquise de Rambouillet". She played an important role in the famous literary salon of her mother, where she was referred to as Princess Julie and was celebrated as a muse to writers and poets for her beauty and wit. She married Charles de Sainte-Maure, Duke of Montausier in 1645. In 1661-1664, she was governess to the dauphin. She was blamed by Louis Henri de Pardaillan, Marquis of Montespan for assisting in the affair between the king and his wife, Madame de Montespan. In 1668, when her spouse was appointed governor to the dauphin, which was by some seen as payment for the role his wife played in the king's love life, the husband of Madame de Montespan stormed in to Julie d'Angennes and publicly blamed her for her role in the adultery of his wife. This scene deeply affected Julie d'Angennes, who was already suffering from nervous problems, and in late 1669, she announced her retirement from court service and left for the country, though an appointment for her replacement was not made until two years later.


Countess Julie of Rosenborg, daughter of Count Axel and Countess Jutta of Rosenborg. Her father is son of Prince Axel of Denmark's younger son, Count Flemming Valdemar of Rosenborg, and his wife

Charlotte is a female given name, a female form of the male name Charlot, a diminutive of Charles. It is of French origin meaning "free man" or "petite". The name dates back to at least the 14th century. King Charles II of England had two illegitimate daughters with the name, the second wife of King Louis XI of France was Charlotte of Savoy, and Charlotte de Bourbon-La Marche (1388-1422) was Queen of Cyprus. Other names for Charlotte are Charlie, Lottie, Lotte, Carlota and Carlotta


Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana) (2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. She is fourth in the line of succession to the British throne.

Charlotte Stuart, styled Duchess of Albany (29 October 1753 - 17 November 1789) was the illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie" or the "Young Pretender") and his only child to survive infancy.Her mother was Clementina Walkinshaw, who was mistress to the Prince from 1752 until 1760. After years of abuse, Clementina left him, taking Charlotte with her. Charlotte spent most of her life in French convents, estranged from a father who refused to make any provision for her. Unable to marry, she herself became a mistress with illegitimate children, taking Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux, as her lover.She was finally reconciled with her father in 1784, when he legitimised her and created her Duchess of Albany in the Jacobite Peerage. She left her children with her mother, and became her father's carer and companion in the last years of his life, before dying less than two years after him. Her three children were raised in anonymity; however, as Prince Charles Stuart's only grandchildren, they have been the subject of Jacobite interest since their lineage was uncovered in the 20th century.


Charlotte de Rohan, daughter of  Ferdinand Maximilien M�riadec de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux and Cambrai and his mistress Charlotte Stuart, styled Duchess of Albany


Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sophia Charlotte)( 19 May 1744 � 17 November 1818) was Queen of Great Britain and of Ireland as the wife of King George III from their marriage on 8 September 1761 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which she was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1818. As George's wife, she was also Electress of Hanover until becoming Queen of Hanover on 12 October 1814, when the electorate became a kingdom.Charlotte was born into the royal family of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, a duchy in northern Germany. In 1760 the young and unmarried George III inherited the British throne. As Charlotte was a minor German princess with no interest in politics, George considered her a suitable consort, and they married in 1761. The marriage lasted 57 years and produced 15 children, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. They included two future British monarchs, George IV and William IV; as well as Charlotte, Princess Royal, who became Queen of W�rttemberg; Prince Edward, the father of Queen Victoria; Prince Adolphus, grandfather of the British queen consort Mary of Teck; and Prince Ernest Augustus, who became King of Hanover. The couple had 15 children.

Charlotte, Princess Royal (Charlotte Augusta Matilda)(29 September 1766 � 5 October 1828), was Queen of W�rttemberg as the wife of King Frederick I. She was the eldest daughter and fourth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and his wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz On 18 May 1797, the Princess Royal was married at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace, London, to Frederick, Hereditary Prince of W�rttemberg, the eldest son and heir apparent of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of W�rttemberg and his wife, Margravine Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt.The younger Frederick succeeded his father as the reigning Duke of W�rttemberg on 22 December 1797. Duke Frederick II had two sons and two daughters by his first marriage to the late Princess Augusta (3 December 1764 � 27 September 1788), the daughter of Duke Karl II of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel and Princess Augusta of Great Britain (the elder sister of George III) and thus Charlotte's first cousin; Princess Augusta was also the elder sister of Caroline of Brunswick, the estranged wife of the future George IV (then Prince of Wales). The marriage between Duke Frederick and the Princess Royal produced one child: a stillborn daughter on 27 April 1798


Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (7 January 1796 � 6 November 1817) was the only child of George, Prince of Wales (later George IV), and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick. Had she outlived both her grandfather George III and her father, she would have become Queen of the United Kingdom, but she died at the age of 21, predeceasing them both. Charlotte's parents disliked each other from before their arranged marriage and soon separated. The Prince of Wales left most of Charlotte's care to governesses and servants, only allowing her limited contact with Caroline, who eventually left the country. As Charlotte grew to adulthood, her father pressured her to marry Willem, Hereditary Prince of Orange (later King of the Netherlands). After initially accepting him, Charlotte soon broke off the intended match. This resulted in an extended contest of wills between her and her father, who finally permitted her to marry Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (later King of the Belgians). After a year and a half of happy marriage, Charlotte died after delivering a stillborn son.


Charlotte of Belgium (Marie Charlotte Am�lie Augustine Victoire Cl�mentine L�opoldine)(7 June 1840 � 19 January 1927), known by the Spanish version of her name, Carlota, was by birth a Princess of Belgium and member of the House of Wettin in the branch of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as such she was also styled Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess in Saxony). The daughter of King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise of Orl�ans. Her first name pays homage to the late Princess Charlotte of Wales, her father's first wife.  As the wife of Archduke Maximilian of Austria, Viceroy of Lombardy�Venetia and later Emperor of Mexico, she became Archduchess of Austria (in 1857) and Empress consort of Mexico (in 1864). She was daughter, granddaughter, sister, sister in-law, cousin and wife of reigning or deposed sovereigns throughout Europe and Mexico. Since the beginning of her marriage, she feuded with Empress Elisabeth in Vienna, and was glad when her husband was posted to Italy as Viceroy of Lombardy�Venetia. At this time, he was selected by the Emperor Napoleon III as a figurehead for his proposed French Empire in Mexico, and Charlotte overcame her husband's doubts about the plan. Maximilian and Charlotte (known by the Spanish Carlota) duly arrived to Mexico City in 1864, but their reign lasted a little over two years. She assisted her husband, who let her rule as regent during his absences from Mexico. When Emperor Napoleon III ordered the withdrawal of French military aid intended to support Maximilian, the situation of the Mexican imperial couple became untenable.On her own initiative, Charlotte decided to go personally to Europe in order to attempt a final approach to Paris and the Vatican. She landed in France in August 1866, but suffered the successive refusals of both Emperor Napoleon III and Pope Pius IX. In Rome, the failure of her mission appeared to compromise her mental health to the point that an alienist doctor advocated the confinement of Charlotte in Miramare Castle. It was during her stay under house arrest that Emperor Maximilian was deposed and executed by Benito Juarez in June 1867. Unaware that she was now a widow, Charlotte was brought back to Belgium and confined successively in the Pavilion de Tervueren (in 1867 and again during 1869�1879), the Palace of Laeken (during 1867�1869) and finally at Bouchout Castle in Meise (from 1879), where she remained for the next 48 years in a deleterious mental state, giving rise to much speculation ever since, before dying in 1927 aged 86.


Charlotte of Bourbon (1388 � 15 January 1422) was the queen consort of Cyprus and titular queen consort of Armenia and Jerusalem through her marriage to King Janus. She was his second wife and the mother of his six legitimate children, which included King John II and Anne de Lusignan. It was Charlotte's influence which was instrumental in the revival of French culture at the royal court in Nicosia


Charlotte (28 June 1444 � 16 July 1487) was the Queen of Cyprus from 1458 until 1464. She was the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina. At the age of 14, she succeeded to the Cypriot throne upon the death of her father. Her illegitimate half-brother, James, challenged her right to the crown. With the support of the Egyptians, he forced her to flee the island in 1463, and he was later crowned king. She made a military attempt to regain her throne, but was unsuccessful, and died childless in Rome.


Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Paston, Countess of Yarmouth (n�e FitzRoy; c. 1650 � 28 July 1684) was one of the many acknowledged illegitimate children of Charles II of England Her mother, Elizabeth Killigrew Boyle, wife of Francis Boyle (afterwards Viscount Shannon in Ireland), had been a maid of honour to Charles II's mother, Queen Henrietta Maria.Charlotte married firstly James Howard, with whom she had a daughter, Stuarta. In 1672 she married William Paston, later the second Earl of Yarmouth, a member of the Paston family, and had issue. Both William and his father were in high favour with the Stuarts.Charlotte died on 28 July 1684 in London and was buried at Westminster Abbey on 4 August 1684.With her first husband, James Howard (d. 1669), Lady Charlotte had a daughter Charlotte FitzRoy had at least four more children by her second husband, William Paston, 2nd Earl of Yarmouth


Lady Charlotte Paston (1675�1736), daughter of Charlotte Fitzroy and her second husband William Paston. She married Thomas Herne of Haveringland Hall, Norfolk, and had a son, Paston Herne, whose illegitimate daughter Anne Herne married Sir Everard Buckworth (later Buckworth-Herne), 5th Baronet, and was the mother of Sir Buckworth Buckworth-Herne-Soame, 6th Baronet. Lady Charlotte was also married to a Major Weldron.


Princess Charlotte Augusta Louisa of Clarence (27 March 1819-27 March 1819), daughter of King William IV of the UK and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.


Charlotte of Savoy (c. 1441/3 � 1 December 1483) was Queen of France as the second spouse of Louis XI. She served as regent during the king's absence in 1465, and was a member of the royal regency council during her son's minority in 1483.She was a daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy and Anne of Cyprus. Her maternal grandparents were Janus of Cyprus and Charlotte de Bourbon-La Marche. Her maternal grandmother, for whom she was probably named, was a daughter of John I, Count of La Marche, and Catherine de Vend�me. She was one of 19 children, 14 of whom survived infancy. On 11 March 1443, when Charlotte was just over a year old, she was betrothed to Frederick of Saxony (28 August 1439- 23 December 1451), eldest son of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony. For reasons unknown, the betrothal was annulled. Less than eight years later on 14 February 1451, Charlotte married Louis, Dauphin of France (future Louis XI), eldest son of Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou.The bride was nine years old and the groom twenty-seven. The marriage, which had taken place without the consent of the French king, was Louis' second; his first spouse, Margaret of Scotland, had died childless in 1445. Upon her marriage, Charlotte became Dauphine of France.On 22 July 1461, Charlotte became Queen of France. The following year, she became seriously ill and was close to death by August 1462. Although she recovered, her health was weakened.Charlotte became the mother of eight children, but only three survived infancy. These were Charles VIII, who became king of France, Anne, who acted as regent of France for Charles, and Joan, who became queen of France as the spouse of Louis XII.


Charlotte Agla� d'Orl�ans (22 October 1700 � 19 January 1761) was Duchess of Modena and Reggio by marriage to Francesco III d'Este. She was the third daughter of Philippe II, Duke of Orl�ans and his wife, Fran�oise-Marie de Bourbon. She was born a princesse du sang, and had ten children, including Ercole III d'Este, Duke of Modena.


Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (27 April 1650 � 27 March 1714) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian V. Although she did not have much political influence, she was a successful businesswoman in her many estates and protected foreign Protestant non-Lutherans from oppression. She gained popularity for defending Copenhagen from Swedish forces in 1700. Charlotte Amalie was born on 27 April 1650, in Kassel, Hesse, Germany. Her parents were William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg. The marriage was on 15 June 1667 in Nyk�bing Slot. Charlotte Amalie became Queen of Denmark and Norway upon the accession of Christian to the throne in 1670. The couple had 8 children

Charlotte Lennox, Duchess of Richmond (n�e Lady Charlotte Gordon)( 20 September 1768 � 5 May 1842), was a British aristocrat and peeress best known as the hostess of the Duchess of Richmond's ball.  Lady Charlotte Gordon was the eldest child of Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, and his wife, Jane Maxwell. On 9 September 1789, she married Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox and 4th Duke of Aubigny The Duke and Duchess had seven sons and seven daughters


Lady Charlotte Lennox (c. 1804 � 20 August 1833), daughter of Lady Charlotte Gordon and Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox and 4th Duke of Aubigny   She married Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge of Bristol, and had issue.


Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (4 December 1784 � 13 July 1840), was the first wife of Christian VIII from 1806 until 1810, before he became King of Norway and later King of Denmark. She was a daughter of Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Duchess Charlotte Frederica was born on 4 December 1784 in Ludwigslust in Mecklenburg as the seventh and youngest surviving child of the later Grand Duke Frederick Francis I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgDuring a long voyage to Germany in 1804, her cousin, the Danish Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark (later King Christian VIII), stayed for a longer time at his uncle's court in Schwerin, where he fell in love with the two year older couisn, Duchess Charlotte Frederica. They married two years later, on 21 June 1806 in Ludwigslust in Mecklenburg In 1809, her alleged affair with her singing teacher, Swiss-born singer and composer �douard Du Puy, led to her removal from the court. For this reason, her husband divorced her in 1810, banished her from court, sent her into internal exile, and prohibited her from ever seeing her son again. After her divorce, Charlotte Frederica spent the next years of her life in a palace in Horsens, in Jutland and partly in Aarhus, where she cultivated social circles among the local bourgeoisie and had affairs with officersIn 1829 she moved from Denmark to Karlsbad under the name "Mrs. von Gothen." In 1830 she traveled to Italy, finally settling in Rome and later converted to the Catholic faith.Charlotte Frederica died in Rome in 1840. Her death was described as a relief to the court in Copenhagen as she dreamed of someday returning as the King's mother. Frederik VII, who was only one year old when she had to leave him, showed great reverence towards the memory of his late mother: he collected portraits of her in his rooms at J�gerspris Castle, and when he visited Horsens on Sept. 1857 he officially thanked the city "for the love and kindness that was shown to her."She was allegedly buried in the Teutonic Cemetery in Vatican City. Her tomb was opened on 11 July 2019 due to investigations related to the disappearance of Emanuela Orlandi case, but was found to be empty

Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg (German: Sophie Charlotte)(2 February 1879 � 29 March 1964) was a member of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. She was the only surviving child of Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg by his first wife Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia.Sophia Charlotte ("Lotte") is best known for her unhappy and well-publicized marriage to Prince Eitel Friedrich, second son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor. The marriage later led to divorce; Sophia Charlotte would remarry a few years later to Harald van Hedemann, a former police officer. He was forty and she was forty-eight. Despite his low status, the wedding was held at the grand ducal palace at Rastede Castle, and was attended by her father the ex-Grand Duke as well as a small number of both their relations. Sophia Charlotte was considered one of the richest women in the country, and the couple took up residence at the same castle where they were married.Sophia Charlotte died on 29 March 1964 in Westerstede.


Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (19 November 1779 � 4 January 1801) was the maternal grandmother of Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.Louise Charlotte was born Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, her father being Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her mother was Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg; her sister Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1784�1840) married King Christian VIII of Denmark. On 1 November 1795, Louise Charlotte was engaged to King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden. The engagement was arranged by Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, the de facto regent of Sweden, who wished to keep his influence after the monarch was declared of legal majority by having a queen indebted to him for her position. The king himself was initially positive; the engagement was celebrated in the courts of Sweden and Mecklenburg and Louise Charlotte was mentioned in the official church prayer in Sweden. Empress Catherine the Great, however, wished her granddaughter Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia to be Queen of Sweden, and displayed dislike of the engagement. Upon this many people told the king that Louise Charlotte, whom he had not seen, was not beautiful. About the same period, the monarch also fell in love with Ebba Mod�e. When the king was declared of legal majority in 1796, he broke off the engagement. Her father demanded compensation. In 1803, the matter was settled when the Swedish city of Wismar in Germany was turned over to Mecklenburg-Schwerin by a treaty in Malm�.In Ludwigslust on 21 October 1797 she married Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, a second cousin on her mother's side. Their common ancestor was Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1676�1732). The marriage was arranged against her will and was an unhappy one: her spouse abused her and she wished to leave him, but was forced by her family to stay Three years later, on 21 December 1800 in Friedenstein Castle around 12.45 pm the Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg gave birth her only child, a daughter, named Louise after her; this daughter later became the wife of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and mother to Prince Albert, Prince consort of Queen Victoria. However, she never recovered from childbirth effects and died eleven days later, on 1 January 1801 at the age of 21, before Augustus assumed the throne of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.


Princess Charlotte of Prussia (21 June 1831 � 30 March 1855) was by birth a Princess of Prussia and member of the House of Hohenzollern. By marriage she became Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen.Her parents' marriage was unhappy due to Prince Albert's several affairs, and finally was dissolved on 28 March 1849, after which Princess Marianne began to live with her former coachman Johannes van Rossum, with whom she had a son, Johannes William of Reinhartshausen.The custody of Charlotte and her two surviving siblings Albert and Alexandrine was given to their father; however, their childless aunt Queen Elisabeth Ludovika took care of them, moreover after Prince Albert's second and morganatic marriage in 1853 with Rosalie von Rauch, who bore him two sons, Count William and Count Frederick of Hohenau. As a young woman, Charlotte was highly eligible, due to her Dutch fortune and Hohenzollern connections. In Charlottenburg on 18 May 1850, the nineteen-year-old princess married Georg, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, who was twenty-four years old. The only son of Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Princess Marie of Hesse-Kassel, he had led a battalion from Meiningen in support of the Prussians in the First Schleswig War in 1849 The couple had 4 children. On 27 January 1855, their second son, Georg died. Charlotte followed him two months later, dying of childbirth complications on 30 March at the age of twenty-three. Georg was inconsolable, but would eventually remarry to Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg in order to provide a mother to his remaining children


Princess Charlotte of Prussia (Viktoria Elisabeth Auguste Charlotte of Prussia) (24 July 1860 � 1 October 1919)  Born at the Neues Palais in Potsdam, she was the second child and eldest daughter of Prince Frederick of Prussia, a member of the House of Hohenzollern who became Crown Prince of Prussia in 1861 and German Emperor in 1888. Through her mother Victoria, Princess Royal, Charlotte was the eldest granddaughter of the British monarch Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.Princess Charlotte was a difficult child and indifferent student, with a nervous disposition. Her relationship with her demanding mother was strained. As she grew older, Charlotte developed a penchant for spreading gossip and causing trouble. Eager to escape from parental control, at age seventeen, she married Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen in 1878. Her husband's weak-willed personality had little effect on her. Known for spreading gossip and her eccentric personality, Princess Charlotte enjoyed Berlin society while frequently leaving her only child, Princess Feodora, in the care of family members. Charlotte and Feodora, in turn, also had a difficult relationship.

Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (German: Marie Charlotte Amalie Ernestine Wilhelmine Philippine, Prinzessin von Sachsen-Meiningen) (11 September 1751, Frankfurt am Main, Free Imperial City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire � 25 April 1827, Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia) was a member of the House of Saxe-Meiningen and a Princess of Saxe-Meiningen by birth and a member of the House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Duchess consort of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg through her marriage to Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.Princess Charlotte was born on 11 September 1751. She was the eldest child and daughter of Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his second wife, Landgravine Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal. Charlotte was an elder sister of Charles William, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.Charlotte married Ernest, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (later Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg), son of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and his wife Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen, on 21 March 1769 in Meiningen. Charlotte and Ernest had four children


Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg (full name: Countess Charlotte Christine Magdalene Johanna of Hanau-Lichtenberg) (2 May 1700� 1 July 1726) was the wife of landgrave Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt. Charlotte was the only surviving child of the last Count of Hanau, Johann Reinhard III, and the Countess Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Thus, she was the sole heir of the County of Hanau. The first man to ask her hand in marriage, was the crown prince and later Landgrave William VIII of Hesse-Kassel. Had this marriage taken place, the county of Hanau would have remained united. However, it failed because of religious differences between William, who was a Calvinist and Charlotte, who was Lutheran.The second candidate was the crown prince and later Landgrave Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt, who was Lutheran. They were married on 5 April 1717. From this marriage she had 3 children.


Charlotte Wilhelmine Christiane Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt (5 November 1755 � 12 December 1785), was by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.Charlotte was a daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt (1722-1782) from his marriage to Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg (1729-1818), daughter of Count Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim.The princess was first engaged with the hereditary prince Peter Frederick William of Oldenburg, but the engagement was dissolved again as a result of the onset of Peter's mental illness. Charlotte married Charles of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (who later became the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), on 28 September 1784 in Darmstadt. He was previously married to Charlotte's older sister Friederike, who had died in childbirth. She thus became stepmother for her sister's five surviving children - her nieces and nephews.The couple lived in Hanover, where Charles served as Governor-General for his brother-in-law, King George. Charlotte died after the birth of her only child, a year after their marriage. Charles resigned from his post in Hanover and moved to Charlotte's mother in Darmstadt, who then took care of his children (both Frederike's and Charlotte's).


Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Charlotte Georgine Luise Friederike)(17 November 1769 � 14 May 1818) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz by birth and a Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen through her marriage to Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later Duke of Saxe-Altenburg). Charlotte Georgine was born in Hanover, Electorate of Hanover. She was the eldest child and daughter of Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and his first wife, Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt.On 3 September 1785, at the age of fifteen, Charlotte married Duke Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, who stood until 1787 under regency of his great-great uncle Joseph Frederick. The marriage was not a happy one; Charlotte was mentally superior to Frederick, who began to ignore her. They also had financial problems; Saxe-Hildburghausen had been financially ruined by the disastrous policies of Frederick's predecessors and in 1806 it had been put into Imperial receivership. The receivers allowed the Duke and Duchess only a reduced Civil List. Charlotte married Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (later Duke of Saxe-Altenburg), youngest child of Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen and his third wife, Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar, on 3 September 1785 in Hildburghausen. Charlotte and Frederick had twelve children