��������������� Established by Charlemagne in the 790s, the Ostmark (Eastern March) was destroyed by the Magyars in 907.� Otto I reconquered the area in 955 and Otto II recreated the Ostmark in 976 as a buffer against Hungary.� The founder of the Babenberg family, Leopold I, was a son or grandson of the Bavarian duke Arnulf.� In the 12th century, the margraves of the Ostmark became increasingly important due to their family ties to the Hohenstaufen.� Leopold IV and Heinrich II were both made dukes of troublesome Bavaria by their half-brother Konrad III of Germany.� When Bavaria was returned to the Welfs, Heinrich II was compensated with the title of Duke of Austria in 1156.� Leopold V added Styria to the holdings of the Austrian dukes in 1192.� With the death of Friedrich II in battle, the male line of the Babenbergs died out and a number of in-laws claimed Austria and Styria, as did the German king.� In this last capacity, Rudolf I of Habsburg drove out Ottokar of Bohemia and made Austria and Styria a domain of his own family in 1276, abdicating in favor of his sons in 1282.� Rudolf I�s son Albrecht I eventually obtained his father�s royal crown in 1298 and imposed his son Rudolf III on Bohemia.� But neither arrangement lasted.� The Habsburgs, who had been picked as kings precisely because they were not powerful, now seemed too dangerous to be given the throne.� Albrecht I�s son Friedrich I became anti-king in opposition to Ludwig V, but was captured and eventually co-opted as co-ruler, dying in 1330.� The next Habsburg king would appear more than a century later.� Albrecht II added Carinthia to the family holdings in 1335, and his son Rudolf IV added Tyrol in 1363.� Rudolf IV�s surviving brothers Albrecht III and Leopold III divided the family lands between them, the former keeping Austria, and the latter Carinthia, Styria, and Tyrol.� This division continued under their descendants, although the members of both lines continued to style themselves Duke of Austria.� Albrecht V of Austria married Elisabeth daughter of Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg, and, largely through this connection, became king of Bohemia, Hungary, and Germany shortly before his death in 1439.� His posthumous son Ladislaus could not hope to retain Germany, and had enough problems asserting himself in Bohemia and Hungary.� However, a descendant of Leopold III was elected German king as Friedrich III in 1440 (crowned emperor 1452), and with him began the continuous Habsburg ascendancy.� First regent and then heir of young Ladislaus, a brother, and another cousin, Friedrich III reunited the Habsburg domains under his own rule, having taken the title of Archduke in 1453.� At the same time, Friedrich III married his son Maximilian I to Marie, the heiress of Burgundy and the Netherlands, establishing a sizable Habsburg enclave on the opposite side of the empire.� Maximilian I married his son Philipp to the heiress of Castile and Arag�n, making him, as Felipe I, king of Castile.� Eventually, Felipe�s son and Maximilian�s grandson Karl I (Karl V as emperor, Carlos I as king of Spain) found himself emperor and master of the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily and Spain, not to mention the transatlantic possessions of the Spanish crown.� Karl I soon resigned his Austrian lands to his younger brother Ferdinand I, who became by marriage the king of Bohemia and Hungary in 1526.� In 1531 Ferdinand I was crowned German king, and in 1558 he succeeded his older brother as emperor.� Ferdinand I�s branch of the Habsburgs continued to rule Germany until 1806 and Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and their crown lands until the end of the First World War.� In 1804, Archduke Franz II added Emperor of Austria to his title of Holy Roman Emperor, and in 1806 abandoned the latter title entirely, becoming Franz I as Emperor of Austria.
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Babenberg Margraves of Ostmark, Dukes of Austria from 1156
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976�994 |
Leopold I the Illustrious |
Son of Arnulf duke of Bavaria; Margrave of the Bavarian Ostmark |
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994�1018 |
Heinrich I the Rebel |
Son of Leopold I |
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1018�1053 |
Adalbert the Victorious |
Son of Leopold I |
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Leopold the Strong |
Son of Adalbert; co-ruler till 1043; killed in battle
against Hungary |
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1053�1075 |
Ernst the Brave |
Son of Adalbert; killed against Saxony |
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1075�1095 |
Leopold II the Handsome |
Son of Ernst (or died 1102) |
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1095�1136 |
Leopold III the Saint |
Son of Leopold II (or succeeded 1102) |
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1136�1141 |
Leopold IV the Generous |
Son of Leopold III |
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1141�1177 |
Heinrich II Jasomirgott |
Son of Leopold III; (Duke of Austria 1156) |
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1177�1195 |
Leopold V the Able |
Son of Heinrich II |
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1195�1199 |
Friedrich I the Catholic |
Son of Leopold V |
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1199�1230 |
Leopold VI the Glorious |
Son of Leopold V |
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1230�1246 |
Friedrich II the Warlike |
Son of Leopold VI; killed in battle against Hungary |
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1246�1247 |
LADISLAUS of Moravia |
Son of V�clav II of Bohemia; married Gertrud daughter
of Heinrich son of Leopold VI |
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1248�1250 |
HERMANN of Bade |
Son of Hermann IV of Bade; married Gertrud of Austria
widow of Ladislaus |
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1250�1251 |
Friedrich III |
Son of Hermann; deposed, executed after battle at
Tagliacozzo 1268 |
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1251�1276 |
Ottokar of Bohemia |
Brother of Ladislaus; married Margarete, daughter of
Leopold VI; deposed, killed 1278 |
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Habsburg Dukes of Austria, Archdukes of Austria from 1453
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1276�1282 |
Rudolf I of Habsburg |
Son of Albrecht IV of Habsburg; abdicated, died 1291 |
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1282�1298 |
Albrecht I |
Son of Rudolf I; abdicated, murdered 1308 by Johann son
of Rudolf II |
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1282�1283 |
Rudolf II |
Son of Rudolf I; abdicated, died 1290 |
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1298�1307 |
Rudolf III |
Son of Albrecht I |
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1307�1330 |
Friedrich I the Handsome |
Son of Albrecht I |
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1307�1326 |
Leopold I the Glorious |
Son of Albrecht I |
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1307�1358 |
Albrecht II the Wise |
Son of Albrecht I |
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1307�1327 |
Heinrich the Friendly |
Son of Albrecht I |
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1307�1339 |
Otto the Beloved |
Son of Albrecht I |
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1339�1344 |
Friedrich II |
Son of Otto |
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1339�1344 |
Leopold II |
Son of Otto |
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1358�1365 |
Rudolf IV the Founder |
Son of Albrecht II; (supposedly Archduke 1356�1365) |
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1358�1362 |
Friedrich III |
Son of Albrecht II |
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1358�1395 |
Albrecht III with the Braid |
Son of Albrecht II; in Austria |
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1358�1386 |
Leopold III the Able |
Son of Albrecht II; in Styria, Carinthia, and Tyrol; killed in battle against the Swiss |
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1386�1406 |
Wilhelm the Ambitious |
Son of Leopold III; in Styria |
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1386�1411 |
Leopold IV the Fat |
Son of Leopold III; in Tyrol and Carinthia |
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1386�1424 |
Ernst I the Iron |
Son of Leopold III; in Styria and Carinthia |
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1386�1439 |
Friedrich IV the Rich |
Son of Leopold III; in Tyrol |
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1395�1404 |
Albrecht IV |
Son of Albrecht III; in Austria |
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1404�1439 |
Albrecht V |
Son of Albrecht IV; in Austria (Archduke 1453) |
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1424�1493 |
Friedrich V the Peaceful |
Son of Ernst; in Styria and Carinthia; Austria 1457 and
Tyrol 1490 (Archduke 1453) |
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1424�1463 |
Albrecht VI the Spendthrift |
Son of Ernst; in Styria and Carinthia (Archduke 1453) |
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1439�1490 |
Siegmund |
Son of Friedrich IV; in Tyrol; (Archduke 1453) abdicated,
died 1496 |
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1440�1457 |
Ladislaus the Posthumous |
Posthumous son of Albrecht V; in Austria |
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1493�1519 |
Maximilian I the Last Knight |
Son of Friedrich V |
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1519�1522 |
Karl I |
Son of Felipe I of Castile son of Maximilian I;
abdicated, died 1558 |
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1522�1564 |
Ferdinand I |
Brother of Karl I |
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1564�1576 |
Maximilian II |
Son of Ferdinand I; in Austria |
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1564�1595 |
Ferdinand II |
Son of Ferdinand I; in Tyrol |
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1564�1590 |
Karl II |
Son of Ferdinand I; in Styria and Carinthia |
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1576�1612 |
Rudolf V |
Son of Maximilian II; in Austria (abdicated 1608); in
Tyrol 1595 |
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1576�1595 |
Ernst II |
Son of Maximilian II |
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1576�1619 |
Matthias |
Son of Maximilian II; in Austria 1608 |
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1576�1618 |
Maximilian III |
Son of Maximilian II; in Tyrol 1612 |
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1576�1621 |
Albrecht VII |
Son of Maximilian II; in Tyrol 1620 |
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1590�1637 |
Ferdinand III |
Son of Karl II; in Styria and Carinthia |
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1625�1632 |
Leopold V |
Son of Karl II; in Tyrol |
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1632�1662 |
Ferdinand Karl |
Son of Leopold V; in Tyrol |
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1662�1665 |
Siegmund Franz |
Son of Leopold V; in Tyrol; murdered |
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1637�1657 |
Ferdinand IV Franz |
Son of Ferdinand III |
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1657�1705 |
Leopold VI |
Son of Ferdinand IV |
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1705�1711 |
Josef I |
Son of Leopold VI |
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1711�1740 |
Karl III |
Son of Leopold VI |
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1740�1765 |
Franz I Stefan |
Son of L�opold-Joseph of Lorraine; husband of Maria
Theresia daughter of Karl III |
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1765�1790 |
Josef II |
Son of Franz I |
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1790�1792 |
Leopold VII |
Son of Franz I |
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1792�1806 |
Franz II the Good |
Son of Leopold VII; died 1835 |
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Emperors of Austria |
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1804�1835 |
FRANZ I the Good |
= Archduke Franz II of Austria |
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1835�1848 |
FERDINAND I the Goodly |
Son of Franz I; abdicated, died 1875 |
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1848�1916 |
FRANZ-JOSEF I |
Son of Franz son of Franz I |
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1916�1918 |
KARL I |
Son of Otto son of Karl Ludwig brother of Franz-Josef
I; deposed, died 1922 |
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1918� |
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Division of Empire between Austria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Italy |