Edward Plantagenet (abt. 1239 - 1307)

Born about Jun 1239 in Westminster, Middlesex, England

Ancestors

Husband of Leonor (Castilla) of Castile — married 18 Oct 1254 (to 1290) in Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile

Husband of Marguerite (Capet) de France — married 10 Sep 1299 (to 1307) in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England

Descendants

Died 7 Jul 1307 at about age 68 in Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England

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Biography

Edward I "Longshanks" of England (b. 17 Jun 1239 Westminster Palace - d. 07 Jul 1307 Burgh-on-Sands near Carlisle).^[1]

a.k.a Edward of Westminster.^[2]

House of Anjou: Plantagenet Branch^[1]

Titles

• 16 Nov 1272 - 07 Jul 1307: King of England, but not crowned at Westminster Abbey until 19 August 1274.^[1]
• 1284: King of Wales^[1]
• 1290: King of Man^[1]
• 1296: King of Scotland^[1]
• Lord of Ireland^[1]
• 1254: Duke of Gascony; Earl of Chester.^[1]

Marriage

m.1 (Oct 1254 Las Huelgas, Castile) Eleanor of Castile, dau. of Ferdinand III of Castile and his second wife, Jeanne, Countess of Ponthieu. Issue: 16^[1]

• (dau) "died young" (b/d.1255; bur. Bordeaux)
• Katherine "died young" (b/d. 1264)
• Joan "died young" (b. 1265; bur. bef. 07 Sep 1265 Westminster Abbey).
• John (b. Jun/Jul 10, 1266 Windsor or Kenilworth Castle - d. 01 or 03 Aug 1271 Wallingford in the custody of his great uncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall; bur. Westminster Abbey)
• Henry (b. 13 Jul 13 1268 Windsor Castle - d.14 Oct 1274 Merton, Surrey, or Guildford Castle)
• Eleanor (b. 1269 - d. 12 Oct 1298).

m. 20 Sep 1293 Count Henry III of Bar

• (dau) ____ "died young" (b. 1271 Acre, Palestine - d. 28 May or 5 Sep 1271)
• Joan of Acre. (b. 1272 Acre Spring - d. 23 Apr 1307 at her manor in Clare, Suffolk; bur. priory of Austin friars, Clare, Suffolk).

m.1 Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford

m.2 Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer.

• Alphonso (b. 24 Nov 1273 Bayonne or Bordeaux- d. 14 or 19 Aug 1284 Windsor Castle; bur.Westminster Abbey)
• Margaret (b. 11 Sep 1275 Windsor Castle - d. 1318; bur. Collegiate Church of St. Gudule, Brussels)

m. John II of Brabant

• Berengaria (sometimes called Berenice) (b. 01 May 1276 Kempton Palace, Surrey - d. 27 Jun 1278; bur. Westminster Abbey)
• Mary (b. 11 Mar or 22 Apr 1278 Windsor Castle - d. 08 July 1332), nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire
• Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (b. Aug 1282 Rhuddlan Castle - d. c. 05 May 1316 in childbirth at Quendon, Essex; bur. Walden Abbey, Essex).

m.1 John I, Count of Holland

m.2 Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex

• Edward II of England, "Edward of Caernarvon" (b. 25 Apr 1284 Caernarvon Castle, Wales - d. 21 Sep 1327 probably Berkeley Castle; bur. Gloucester Cathedral).

m. Isabella of France.

m.2 (10 Sep 1299 Canterbury Cathedral) Marguerite de France (b. c 1279-d. 1318), dau. of Philippe III [Capet] of France. Issue: 3.^[1]

• Thomas of Brotherton, earl of Norfolk (b. 01 Jun 1300 Brotherton, Yorkshire - d. 04 Aug/20 Sep 1338; bur: abbey of Bury St Edmunds).

m.1 Alice Hayles

m.2 Mary Brewes

• Edmund of Woodstock (b. 05 Aug 1301 Woodstock Palace, Oxon - d. 19 Mar 1330, executed by Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer following overthrow of Edward II.

m. Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell.

• Eleanor (b. 04 May 1306 - d. 1311) his youngest child named after his first wife Eleanor of Castile.

Mistress

• Illegitimate issue: 1 possible^[1]

Burial

"Edward I died at Burgh-on-Sands on 7 July 1307 on a campaign to Scotland. On 28 August, Edward of Caernarvon finally instructed English prelates to attend him in Northampton to discuss arrangements for his father's burial and his own coronation as Edward II.

The kings body lay in state in Waltham Abbey, the burial place of Harold II, before entering London. During the funeral procession between Holy Trinity, Aldgate, and Westminster the coffin was preceded by knights wearing the king's armor.

The coffin rested at St. Paul's and the Franciscan Church before arriving at Westminster on 27 October. The following day Edward was interred in the Confessor's Chapel to the west of the monument he commissioned for his father, Henry III, the exequies presided over by the bishops of Durham, Winchester and Lincoln.

The funeral was unrecorded, apart from a distribution of 100 marks to the poor. It was later claimed that Edward's heart, like his father's, was taken to the Angevin mausoleum at Fontevrault.

Edward's tomb was probably commissioned by Edward II or his second wife, Margaret of France, although it may have been instructed by Edward himself, who was sixty-seven years old when he died.

The 9 ft 7 in x 3 ft 7in tomb is a plain, Purbeck sarcophagus, formed by five slabs joined without mortar, with a Purbeck plinth. There is no effigy or tomb-chest decoration, and none was recorded.

Traces survive of the epitaph painted on the north side of the tomb during 1556-59 referring to Edward simply as the 'Hammer of the Scots': Edwardus Primus Scotorum Malleus. Pacum Serva 1308.

In 1774 Edward's tomb was opened revealing a 6ft 7in long Purbeck coffin, resting on rubble with a detailed description of his undisturbed appearance recorded that noted distinct facial marks thought to be battle scars."^[3]

Timeline

Research Notes

Not sure which source this is from but cites primary sources that should be investigated.

Footnote 1: "Faedera, i. 300. Edward... born at Westminster on the 17th (Paris, ed. Luard, iii. 539) or 18th (Annales Monastici, i. 112, 257; ii. 88, 1212, &c.) of June in the year 1239, and named after Edward the Confessor. He was knighted at Burgos 30 Dec. 1254 by Alfonso. See Add. Charter 24,804

For descent from William the Conqueror see: Richardson, D. (2013). Royal Ancestry, I:197 (m. Eleanor of Castile), 420, 479, II:118, III:32; Duffy, M. (2003). Royal Tombs of Medieval England, pp. 96-99

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15} Ashley, Mike, A Brief History of British Kings and Queens (Philadelphia, PA: Running Press Book Publishers, 2008.) pp. 164-173.
2. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Edward I of England," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_I_of_England&oldid=958194015 (accessed February 2014).
3. ↑ Duffy, M., Royal Tombs of Medieval England (2003). pp. 96-99

• Warner, Kathryn. 'Daughters of Edward I'. Published: Pen and Sword History, 2021.

See also:

• Richardson, D. (2013). Royal Ancestry, I:63-73 ENGLAND 7.

• Vincent, J.A.C (1893). Lancashire Lay Subsidies. The Record Societ, XXVII, p. 28,

• "Valerie Bertinelli." Who Do You Think You Are (S5 E4). TLC. 13 Aug 2014.

• Wikipedia: Edward I of England

• Wikidata: Item Q57798

• Expulsion of Jews 1290