John Tolkien (priest)

John Francis Reuel Tolkien (16 November 1917 – 22 January 2003) was an English Roman-Catholic priest and the eldest son of J. R. R. Tolkien. He served as a parish priest in Oxford, Coventry, Birmingham, and Stoke-on-Trent. He was also a chaplain at the University College of North Staffordshire and to two schools, as well as a governor of St Joseph's College. During his lifetime and after his death, there were a number of allegations of child sexual abuse against him: he was questioned by the police but never charged or convicted.

Allegations of child sexual abuse against Tolkien were first reported to the police in 1994, but no action was taken.^[12] The allegations were never proven nor was Tolkien convicted.^[13] He had denied the allegations while he was still alive.^[14] The Sunday Mercury made allegations against him in an article published soon after his death in January 2003, but was censured by the Press Complaints Commission for presenting them as facts when they had never been proven in a court of law.^[13]

The West Midlands Police began their enquiry and interviewed alleged witnesses after Christopher Carrie, one of the accusers, contacted them in 2001. A file was sent to the Crown Prosecution Service in December 2001 and Tolkien was informally questioned in January 2002.^[15] In February 2002, the Crown Prosecution Service decided not to charge him because of his ill health.^[16][17] Vincent Nichols, then Archbishop of Birmingham, authorised a payment of £15,000 in an out-of-court settlement to Carrie without admission of liability in 2003 after the archdiocese was sued by him.^[18][19] Lawyers representing the archdiocese had concluded that "Carrie is likely to satisfy the (civil) court, Fr Tolkien abused him in the manner he alleges."^[20]

Tolkien was one of four Catholic priests in Birmingham included as part of a wider investigation into the Catholic church by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse.^[21] The Inquiry heard from lawyers acting for victims of the Catholic church claiming that the Archbishop of Birmingham Maurice Couve de Murville was made aware of an allegation made against Tolkien about him forcing scouts to strip naked during the 1950s, and had made a note about it in 1993. They also claimed that this note seemed to suggest that he was aware of the allegation since 1968 and Tolkien seemed to have admitted to being responsible, but De Murville never reported the matter to the authorities.^[17] However the note no longer existed^[22] and the inquiry were not able to examine it or assess it. Also, since the Archbishop had long since died, he could not be questioned.^[23]

At a hearing of the Inquiry, a lawyer representing the accusers claimed that diocesan documents showed Nichols being aware of allegations involving Tolkien, but deciding to reach a settlement in order to avoid disclosing them.^[24] Nichols apologised in November 2018 stating, "Often in the past we failed to respond promptly and vigorously to the cries and accounts of victims. We followed our instincts in trusting those fellow priests who were in fact criminals."^[14] In December 2018, he denied that he covered up the 1968 accusation since he had revealed it to the police during their enquiry and was only trying to avoid civil action, but admitted that he was wrong in not revealing the accusation to Tolkien's accusers. He also stated that he was contacted by lawyers acting on behalf of the Tolkien family who did not want the archdiocese to reach a settlement or accept liability, as Tolkien could not defend himself.^[25]

• Child sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church.
• Tolkien family