The Capetian kings first ruled France from 888 to 898 and from 922 to 923.� The dynasty established itself more permanently in 987, when Hugues "Capet" was elected king in succession to Louis V, the last king of the Carolingian dynasty.� According to Pinoteau, the name "Capet" was first attributed to the dynasty by Ralph de Diceto writing in London in [1200], maybe because of the position of the early kings as lay abbots of St Martin of Tours where part of the "cappa" of the saint was allegedly conserved[1].� The name appears never to have been applied officially to the family of the French kings, which from the end of the 13th century was called "la maison de France" in primary soruces, presumably to emphasise chronological continuity from the earlier Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties[2].� Nevertheless, the name "Capet" provides a convenient epithet for modern historians to describe the dynasty.�

The Capetian dynasty has been studied widely and needs little introduction.� However, one of the intriguing puzzles remains its origin, discussed below under Robert "le Fort".� Doubt also remains about the origin of the wives of four heads of the family in the 9th and 10th centuries, including three Capetian kings: the wives of Robert "le Fort" (died 866), King Eudes (died 898), King Robert I (died 923), and King Hugues "Capet" (died 996).� All these questions are discussed below.�

The expansion of the family�s political influence across Europe, through younger branches of the dynasty, was unparalleled compared with other contemporary European ruling families.� The brothers of Hugues "Capet" King of France were installed as dukes of Burgundy from 956 to 1002, and Robert younger son of Robert II King of France established the main line of dukes which ruled Burgundy from 1032 until 1361 (see the document BURGUNDY DUCHY, DUKES), as well as the kings of Portugal from [1095] until the 1910 revolution (see PORTUGAL KINGS).� Hugues, younger son of Henri I King of France, married the heiress of the counties of Vermandois, Valois and Cr�py, which his descendants continued to rule until 1213 when they reverted to the French crown (see NORTHERN FRANCE - VALOIS, VEXIN, VERMANDOIS).� Robert, son of Louis VI King of France, was installed as Seigneur de Dreux in 1152 and his descendants in the male line ruled as Comtes de Dreux et de Braine from 1184 until [1355], the two counties being sold to the French crown in 1377 (see PARIS REGION - DREUX & MANTES).� The Dreux line also provided dukes of Brittany from 1213 until 1514, when the duchy fell to the French crown (see BRITTANY DUKES).� Robert's brother Pierre married the heiress of the seigneurie de Courtenay (see CHAMPAGNE - SENS & JOIGNY), although his most prominent descendants were Latin emperors of Constantinople from 1216 until 1261 (see CONSTANTINOPLE LATIN EMPIRE).� Robert, younger son of Louis VIII King of France, was installed as comte d'Artois in 1237, his descendants ruling the county until 1329 (see NORTHERN FRANCE - ARTOIS, BOULOGNE etc.), as well as the county of Eu from 1351 to 1472 (see NORMANDY - ARQUES, AUM�LE, CAUX, EU, ROUEN).� Robert's younger brother Charles was invested as king of Sicily by Pope Clement IV in 1265, his descendants continuing to rule in southern Italy until 1435 (see SICILY KINGS) and in Hungary from 1301 to 1387 (see HUNGARY KINGS).� Robert, son of Louis IX King of France, was created Comte de Clermont in 1269 and inherited the seigneurie de Bourbon from his wife�s family in 1287 (see PARIS REGION - CLERMONT & DAMMARTIN).� His descendants were created dukes of Bourbon in 1327 (see BOURBON) and inherited the French crown in 1589 when they were the senior surviving male representatives of the Capetian dynasty.� The line of Evreux, descended from Louis Comte d�Evreux youngest son of King Philippe III, provided later kings of Navarre (see NAVARRE KINGS).� The Valois dynasty of French kings, sub-dynasty of the Capet family, descended from Charles Comte de Valois, younger son of Philippe III King of France (see Chapter 2), younger branches of which provided later dukes of Burgundy (see BURGUNDY DUCHY, DUKES), Dukes of Anjou (and titular kings of Sicily) (see ANJOU - COMTES, DUCS d�ANJOU), and Comtes and Dukes of Alen�on (see Chapter 2.C).�

Chapter 1.�� KINGS OF FRANCE (CAPET)

A.�� KINGS OF FRANCE 888-898 and 922-936

ROBERT "le Fort", son of --- ([815/30]-killed in battle Brissarthe 2 Jul 866).� Robert�s birth date range is estimated assuming that his known sons were born in [850/60] as suggested below.� The parentage of Robert "le Fort" is obscure.� Some general indications, which are contradictory, are found in near contemporary sources:

� An unspecified Franconian origin is favoured by the Annales Xantenses which name him �Ruodbertus�ortus de Francia, dux Karoli� when recording his death[3], and by Widukind who refers to his son King Eudes as �ex orientalibus Francia�[4].�

� A Saxon origin is suggested by two sources: firstly, Richer names �ex equestre ordine Rotbertum� as father of King Eudes and his �avum�paternum Witichinum advenam Germanum�[5]; secondly, the Miracula Sancti Benedicti names �Robertus, Andagavensis comes, Saxonici generis vir�[6].�

� Abbon refers to Robert�s son Eudes King of France as "Neustrien�fils de la Neustrie"[7].�

� Some early sources specifically state that nothing is known of Robert�s origins, for example Rodulphus Glaber ("cuius genus�oscurum")[8].�

� The possible identity of Robert�s mother is suggested by the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo�rege" under which "Robertus�beati Martini abbas�et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim�ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio"[9].� However, there are two possible interpretations of the dating clause of this document.� If it refers to Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, whose reign is normally dated from the death of his father in Jun 840, the year would be [867] the year after Robert "le Fort" died.� Another possibility is that the clause refers to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, in which case the year would be 920, indicating that the donor was the future Robert I King of France, rather than Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle").� As discussed further below, Anatole de Barth�lemy uses this document as part of his argument for identifying Guillaume Comte de Blois as the father of Robert "le Fort".� However, "avunculus" in its strict sense indicates "maternal uncle" and, while the terms "patruus" (paternal uncle) and "avunculus" (maternal uncle) are frequently used interchangeably in contemporary primary source documentation, it is possible that the relationship was through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d�Orl�ans and Guillaume Comte de Blois, who could have been the mother of Robert "le Fort".� If this is correct, he would have been Robert "le Fort", son of --- & his wife ---.� It should be emphasised that this hypothesis is speculative.�

� Another possibility is that, assuming that the donor in the 20 Feb charter was the future Robert I King of France, the relationship could have been through his mother, the wife of Robert "le Fort", who as indicated below could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d�Orl�ans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.�

Four more specific suggestions about Robert�s paternal ancestry have been made:�

� Firstly, many modern secondary sources identify him as Robert [Rodbert], son of Rodbert Graf im Wormsgau & his wife Wiltrud ---, who was first named in Germany in 836 as "son of the late Rodbert Graf von Wormsgau", in a donation to Mettenheim[10].� No primary source has yet been found which points specifically towards this suggested co-identity, although it is consistent with the Franconian origin referred to by the Annales Xantenses and by Widukind, as noted above.� The suggestion is presumably based mainly on onomastics, although the first secondary source which proposed the connection has not yet been identified meaning that this point has not been checked.� The author in question may have assumed that Robert was a unique name among noblemen in France in the first half of the 9th century, although this ignores Robert Seigneur [comte] � Sesseau en Berry, who was the possible brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY).� The timing of the supposed arrival of Robert from Franconia, assuming that the co-identity is correct, is not ideal either.� Robert would presumably have fled Germany after supporting Charles II �le Chauve� King of the West Franks against his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche� King of the East Franks.� This dispute is dated to 858/59: King Ludwig invaded in Aug 858, when King Charles was faced with widespread rebellion, and was defeated in Jan 859.� However, Robert "le Fort" is already named as missus in Maine, Anjou and Touraine in Nov 853, in a document issued by King Charles II (see below), unless of course this document refers to Robert Seigneur [comte] � Sesseau, which is not impossible. �

� Secondly, a possible connection exists between Robert "le Fort" and the family of Aledramn [I] Comte de Troyes, who died in [852] (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY).� This connection is suggested by Regino naming "Waltgerius comes, nepos Odonis regis, filius scilicet avunculi eius Adalhelmi in Aquitanien" when recording his fighting "Ramnulfum et fratrem eius Gozbertum et Ebulonem abbatum de sancto Dionysio " in Jul 892, and naming "Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis [son of Robert "le Fort"]" when recording his death, also in 892[11].� A further indication is found in the charter dated 14 Sep 937 under which "Hugues abb� de Saint-Martin", grandson of Robert �le Fort�, donated "son alleu de Lachy�dans le comt� de Meaux" to Tours Saint-Martin, specifying that he had inherited the property from "comte Aledramnus" who had been granted it by Charlemagne[12].� It should be noted that all these sources could also be explained if the family connection between Robert "le Fort" and Adalhelm was through the female line or even through Robert�s wife.�

� Thirdly, an interesting possibility is indicated by Europ�ische Stammtafeln which names the first wife of Comte Robert as "[Agane]"[13].� Presumably the suggestion is based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia�Byturicensium comes�Wifredus [et]�Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[14].� This "Roberto" can probably be identified as Robert Seigneur [comte] � Sesseau en Berry, the supposed brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (this relationship is referred to by Settipani, but he neither quotes nor cites the corresponding source[15]).� Is it possible that he was the same person as Robert "le Fort"?� Such a case would be consistent with the Saxon origin suggested by Richer and by the Miracula Sancti Benedicti (see above).� The supposed father of Robert de Sesseau was Theodebert Comte de Madrie who, it is suspected, was related to the family of Nibelung and Childebrand (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY).� The Saxon connection of the latter family is suggested by the name Theoderic (nine different individuals named Theoderic have been identified in the family), which was first recorded in Saxony in the family of Widukind by Einhard in 782 (see the document SAXONY).�

� Fourthly, Anatole de Barth�lemy suggests that Robert was the son of Guillaume Comte de Blois, who was killed in battle in Jun 834 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY)[16].� This suggestion was accepted by Ren� Merlet[17].� Barth�lemy bases his theory on the exchange of property in the county of Blois made by Comte Robert dated 865 (see below), concluding that Robert "avait son principal �tablissement � Blois�en pleine Neustrie, ce qui confirme singuli�rement l�all�gation d�Abbon" (who refers to Robert�s Neustrian origin, as noted above)[18].� Barth�lemy also quotes the charter under which "Robertus�beati Martini abbas�et comes" confirmed donations to Tour Saint-Martin made "olim�ab Odone quondam comite Aurelianensi avunculo nostro et Willelmo eius filio", dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo�rege"[19].� As noted above, the dating clause of this document may either refer to King Charles II "le Chauve" or to Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks.� In the latter case the donor was the future Robert I King of France not Robert "le Fort", although this would not change the significance of the relationship described ("avunculus" could also have been used in the document in the sense of "great-uncle").� As discussed further above, the term "avunculus" reminds us that the relationship, as described in this charter, could also have been through a sister of the two brothers Eudes Comte d�Orl�ans and Guillaume Comte de Blois. �

Whatever the truth about Robert�s parentage, his career in France is recorded with certainty from 853, although Merlet suggests that he was named in an earlier charter dated I Oct 845[20], a co-identity which is not beyond doubt:� Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks restored property to Hincmar Archbishop of Reims which he had previously granted to his supporters, including property granted to "�Rotbertus�", by charter dated 1 Oct 845[21].�

A document issued by King Charles II "le Chauve" dated Nov 853 names "Dodo episcopus, Hrotbertus et Osbertus" as missi in "Cinnomannio, Andegavensi, atque Turonico, Corboniso, et Sagiso"[22], which may refer to Robert �le Fort� or to Robert Seigneur [comte] � Sesseau who is named above.�

The Annales Bertiniani record that "Pippinus" joined with "Rotberto comiti et Britonibus" in 859[23], which suggests that Robert had earlier rebelled against King Charles II in Brittany.� Robert submitted to the king's authority, when he was given command of the march of Neustria, confiscated from the Rorgonid family for supporting the revolt of Louis (later King Louis II) against his father[24].� Regino records that King Charles II "le Chauve" invested "Rodberto comiti" with "ducatum inter Ligerim et Sequanam adversum Brittones" in 861[25].� The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rodbertus" attacked "Salomone duce" [duke of Brittany] in 862[26].� The Annales record that King Charles�s son, the future King Louis II "le B�gue", rebelled against his father in 862 and, heading an army of Bretons, defeated "Rotbertum patris fidelem" in 862, after which he burned Angers yet again[27].�

Count in the march of Anjou [862/63]:� the creation of the "march" of Anjou is probably dated to the early 860s, as the Annales Bertiniani name "Rodberto, qui marchio in Andegavo fuerat" in 865[28].� This change of jurisdictional status must have been insufficient to control the Bretons and the Vikings because Robert is named in the Annales Bertiniani in 865 in the context of King Charles imposing direct rule in the area by sending "Hludowicum filium suum" into "Neustriam" and granting him "comitatum Andegavensem et abbatiam Maioris-monasterii et quasdam villas illi", while recording that Robert was compensated with "comitatum Autissiodorensem et comitatum Nivernensem".�

"Le comte Robert" donated "certains biens�situ�s dans le comt� de Blois, dans la viguerie d�Averdon au village dit Gabrium et faisant partie du domaine de Saint-Lubin" to Actard Bishop of Nantes in exchange for other property "situ�s au m�me lieu et d�pendant aussi du domaine de Saint-Lubin" by charter dated May 865[29].� Merlet suggests that this charter indicates that Robert "le Fort" was Comte de Blois at the time[30].� However, another possibility is that the county indicated was the "march of Anjou" as noted above.�

Comte d'Auxerre and Comte de Nevers 865.� The Annales Bertiniani name "Rodbertus et Odo" as "pr�fecti" in the Seine valley area in 866 when recording that they repelled the Vikings who had sailed up river as far as "castrum Milidunum"[31].� "Odo" is presumably identified as Eudes Comte de Troyes, who died 1 Aug 871 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) and who, according to Ren� Merlet, may have been the brother of Robert "le Fort"[32].�

The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rotbertum et Ramnulfum, Godtfridum quoque et Heriveum comites" were defeated by the Vikings at "Brieserta" in 866, where Robert was killed[33].� The Adonis Continuatio records that "Robertus quoque atque Ramnulfus�inter primos ipsi priores" were killed by the Vikings in 866[34].�

The name of Comte Robert's wife or wives is not known.� There are indications that he married more than once, maybe three times.� One possibility can be dismissed immediately: a passage in the Chronicle of Saint-B�nigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris" as wife of "Roberti Fortis marchionis"[35].� This is chronologically impossible as Regina must have been born in [785] at the latest (the birth of her older son is recorded in 801), and therefore was far too old to have been Robert�s wife.� Three possibilities remain:�

[m [firstly] ---.� As noted above, Europ�ische Stammtafeln names "[Agane]" as Robert�s first wife[36].� As stated above, this is probably based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia�Byturicensium comes�Wifredus [et]�Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[37].� As discussed above, this would mean that Robert "le Fort" was the same person as Robert Seigneur [comte] � Sesseau en Berry.� If that is correct, Agane would have been too old to have been the mother of the recorded children of Robert "le Fort".� The suggestion would therefore be consistent with Agane having been Robert�s first wife.]�

[m [secondly] ---.� If the theories outlined here relating to Robert�s possible first and third marriages are correct, the chronology dictates that the wife who was the mother of his children, born in [850/60], must have been a different person.� There is no indication who she might have been apart from the charter dated 20 Feb "anno XXVII regnante domino Carolo�rege" which is discussed above.� If, in accordance with one of the possibilities suggested above, the dating clause in that document refers to the reign of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, the donor must have been the future Robert I King of France.� In which case, the relationship "avunculus" described in the document could have been through the donor�s mother which, if correct, would mean that Robert�s second wife could have been the niece of the brothers Eudes Comte d�Orl�ans and Guillaume Comte de Blois.� This suggestion is inconsistent with the alternative interpretation of the same document, whereby Robert �le Fort� was the son of a sister of Eudes and Guillaume, which is one of the possibilities regarding Robert�s ancestry as discussed above.]�

[m [thirdly] ---.� Some secondary works assert that the wife of Robert was Adelais [de Tours], widow of Conrad Comte de Paris et d'Auxerre [Welf], daughter of Hugues Comte de Tours & his wife Ava ---[38].� If that is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second or third wife as Conrad died after 862, by which date Robert's known children were already born.� The assertion appears to be based on the Chronicle of St B�nigne de Dijon which names "duo filii Rotberti Andegavorum comitis, frs Hugonis abbatis, senior Odo�Robertus alter"[39], "Hugonis abbatis" being the son of Conrad Comte de Paris and assuming that "frs" is an abbreviation for "fratres".� Settipani states that the passage is a 12th century interpolation and has little historical value, although he does suggest the likelihood that Comte Robert�s wife was a close relation of Adelais (without providing the reasoning for his statement)[40].� A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[41]), on the assumption of some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproven).�

Comte Robert & his [second] wife had three children:

1. EUDES [Odo] (in Neustria [after 852][42]-La F�re-sur-Oise 3 Jan 898).� Herimannus names "Odo filius Roudperti" when recording his assuming power in "Gallia usque ad Ligerim et in Aquitania" after the death of Emperor Karl III[43].� The Chronicle of Ad�mar de Chabannes records that "Odonem ducem Aquitanio" succeeded as king of France, stating that he was "filius Raimundi comitis Lemovicensis"[44], although it is not known on what information this may be based.� He succeeded his father in 866 as Marquis en Neustrie, but was dispossessed in 868 by Charles II �le Chauve� King of the West Franks in favour of Hugues l�Abb�.� He was created Comte de Paris 882-83, after unsuccessfully challenging Hugues l�Abb� for his inheritance.� Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours:� �Odo...comes et...abbas...Sancti Martini� returned property in Italy �Solarium...et Vallem Caumoniam� to the abbey by charter dated Apr 886, subscribed by �Ademari comitis, Attonis vicecomitis...�[45].� "Eudes�comme abb� de Saint-Martin" exchanged "la villa de Marsat en Auvergne et la villa�Dronius" for "les vill�Balneacum et Vineas situ�es en Berri dans le vicaria Corboninse" with Frothaire Archbishop of Bourges by charter dated May 886[46].� He was finally invested as Marquis de Neustrie in Sep 886, following the death during the siege of Paris of Duke Heinrich (who was ancestor of the "alte" Babenberg family, see the document FRANCONIA NOBILITY) to whom Emperor Charles II had granted the territories of Robert �le Fort� on the death of Hugues l�Abb� earlier in the same year[47].� "Odo Parisiorum pagi�comes" donated land at Fontenay, Charenton to Notre-Dame by charter dated to before 888, subscribed by "Roberti comitis, Altmari comitis"[48].� He was acclaimed as EUDES King of France 29 Feb 888.� He was consecrated king at Compi�gne by the Archbishop of Sens.� King Eudes defeated the Normans at Montfaucon-en-Argonne 24 Jun 888, after which he was recognised as king by Arnulf King of the East Franks who sent royal insignia for a second consecration at Reims 13 Nov 888[49].� He was succeeded by the Carolingian Charles III "le Simple", who had been consecrated as anti-king at Reims 28 Jan 893, as recorded in the agreement reached in 897 between the two adversaries after Eudes defeated Charles[50].� The Annales Prumienses record the death "898 III Non Ian" of "Odo rex"[51].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Odo rex"[52].� m as her first husband, THEODERADA, daughter of --- (-18 Oct [after 900]).� "Odo�rex" confirmed the possessions of "monasterio Vedastino" by charter dated 21 May [891/92] which names "coniux nostra Theoderada"[53].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[54], she was Theoderada, [daughter of Adelramn [II]].� The primary source on which this is based has not been identified.� Settipani says that it has no historical basis[55].� Nevertheless, Theoderic, supposed son of Adelramn [II], was a strong supporter of King Eudes, as recorded in the Annales Vedastini[56], which is best explained by a family connection: if the relationship is correct, he would have been Theoderada�s brother.� She married secondly Otto.� Her second marriage is confirmed by the Kalendarium Sanct� Mari� Virdunensis, which records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Otto comes venerabilis qui dedit fratribus Haraudi montem, Bresadi villam, Samepodium"[57], read together with the necrology of Verdun Cathedral which records the death "XV Kal Nov" of "Theudrada regina et postea sancti monialis qui cum viro suo Hattone dedit fratribus Haraldi montem"[58].� These two sources make it clear that "viro suo Hattone" named in the second cannot refer to Eudes King of France, who would not have been called "Otto comes" in the first.� King Eudes & his wife had [three] children:�

a) children .� King Eudes refers to his unnamed children in 889 according to Settipani, who does not cite the primary source on which this is based[59].�

b) [RAOUL ([882]-after 898).� He is named as son of King Eudes in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[60] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified.� King of Aquitaine.]�

c) [ARNOUL ([885]-898).� The Chronicle of Ad�mar de Chabannes records that "filius eius Arnulfus" succeeded on the death of his father "Francorum�rege Odone" but lived only a short time[61].� This is the only source so far identified which mentions Arnoul.]�

d) [GUY [Wido] .� "Alanus" [Duke of Brittany] signed a charter dated 28 Aug 903 witnessed by "�Guido filius Ottonis regis Franci� qui tunc erat cum Alano"[62].� According to Settipani, the charter is a forgery[63].]�

2. ROBERT ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923).� "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[64].� He was elected ROBERT I King of France in 922.��

-�� see below.�

ROBERT, son of ROBERT "le Fort" Comte [de Tours], Marquis en Neustrie & his [second] wife --- ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923).� "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[65].� He was installed as lay abbot of Marmoutier on the death of Hugues l�Abb� in 886[66].� He succeeded his brother in 888 as Marquis en Neustrie, and probably also as Comte de Paris, d'Orl�ans et de Tours.� After his brother King Eudes captured Poitou in 893, he installed Robert as Comte de Poitou but the latter was expelled by Ad�mar, son of Comte Emenon[67].� Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours:� "Robert abb� de Saint-Martin" confirmed possessions of Saint-Martin de Tours by charter dated 30 Aug 894[68].� Eudes King of France granted the abbey of Saint-Hilaire de Poitiers to the bishop of Poitiers, at the request of "marchiones�Hrobertus�atque Ademarus", by charter dated to [894][69].� After the death of his brother in 898, Robert supported Charles III King of France who seems to have confirmed Robert's position in Neustrie.� �Rotbertus...beati Martini abba...et comes� restored �cellul�...Sancti Clementis�, previously donated by �predecessor noster domnus Odo germanus noster...tunc abbas deinde Francorum rex�, to Saint-Martin by charter dated 13 Sep 900, subscribed by �...Attonis vicecomitis, Guarnegaudi vicecomitis, Fulconis vicecomitis, Rainaldi vicecomitis...�[70].� He rebelled against the king in 922, triggered by the confiscation of the monastery of Chelles by King Charles from Rothilde (who was the mother-in-law of Robert's son Hugues) in favour of his favourite Haganon.� He was elected ROBERT I King of France 22 Jun 922, consecrated at Reims by Gauthier Archbishop of Sens.� Flodoard records in 922 that "Franci" elected �Rotbertum seniorem� who was invested �Remis apud Sanctum Remigium ab episcopis et primatibus regni�[71].� King Robert was killed fighting ex-King Charles, although his forces won the battle: Flodoard records in 923 that "Karolus cum suis Lothariensibus" crossed �Mosam...ad Atiniacum...et...super Axonam� where he lost the battle near Soissons in which �Rotbertus...rex� was killed[72].� The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Rotbertus rex"[73].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Magloire records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Robertus rex"[74].� The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records that "Rotbertus rex" was killed in battle 15 Jun[75].�

m firstly ---.� The name of Robert's first wife is not known.� However, as King Robert's known wife B�atrix de Vermandois could not have been the mother of his daughter Adela (married to the brother of B�atrix) it is assumed that this earlier marriage is correct.�� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[76], Robert's first wife was named AELIS.� This may be based on the 21 May 907 donation of Rebais abbey to the church of Paris which refers to "comitis Rotberti et Adele comitisse"[77].� However, as shown below, this is more likely to refer to Robert and his daughter than to his wife.�

m secondly ([897]) BEATRIX de Vermandois, daughter of HERIBERT [I] Comte de Vermandois & his wife --- ([880/83]-after 26 Mar 931).� The Historia Francorum Senonensis records that "sororem Herberti" was the wife of "Robertus princeps" who rebelled against Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks[78].� Guillaume of Jumi�ges records that �Rodbertus dux� married �sororem Herberti� by whom he had �Hugonem Magnum�[79].� "Hugo rector Abbati� sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostr� domn� Beatricis" in his charter dated 26 Mar 931[80].� The marriage date is estimated by Werner on the assumption that the marriage accompanied the political reconciliation between Beatrix's father and Robert's uncle[81].� If the 907 donation mentioned above in fact refers to Robert's first wife, his marriage to Beatrix would of course have taken place after that date.�

King Robert I & his first wife had one child:

1. [ADELA] (before 898-).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to "comitis Heriberti gener�Roberti" and in a later passage to the sister of "dux Hugo Cappatus" as the wife of "comitis Heriberti de Peroni, Campanie et Veromandie" but does not name her[82].� Her origin is confirmed by Flodoard naming "Hugo dux cum nepotibus suis, Heriberti filiis" in 943[83].� Her birth date is estimated from the birth of her first child in [915].� Her name is deduced as follows.� The 21 May 907 donation of Rebais abbey to the church of Paris refers to "comitis Rotberti et Adele comitisse"[84].� Although this phrasing usually indicates husband and wife, Settipani suggests that the chronology of the life of King Robert's son Hugues (attested as Robert's son by his second wife Beatrix) favours his birth, and therefore his father's second marriage, well before 907, which would mean "Adele" could not have been Robert's wife.� This reasoning appears based firstly on Hugues already being married in [914], and secondly on the probability of his having reached the age of majority when he was recognised as duke in 922.� The 907 document is therefore explained as referring to Robert and his elder daughter.� The issue, however, is not beyond doubt, especially if the document in question was misdated.� m (before 21 May 907) HERIBERT [II] Comte de Vermandois, son of HERIBERT [I] Comte de Vermandois[-Carolingian] & his wife [Lietgardis] --- ([880]-23 Feb 943, bur Saint Quentin).�

King Robert I & his [first/second] wife had one child:

2. EMMA (-2 Nov 934).� Flodoard names "Emma regis Rotberti filia" when recording that she obliged Seulf Archbishop of Reims to consecrate her as queen at Reims in 923 in the absence of her husband fighting[85].� Rodulfus Glaber names "Emmam�sororem�magni Hugonis" as wife of "Rodulfus, Richardi ducis Burgundi� filius", suggesting that she was instrumental in persuading her brother to support her husband's accession as king[86].� "Emme nostri imperii consortis" and "Emma coniux mea" is named in the charters of "Rodolfus Francorum rex" dated 21 Jun 931 and 1 Jul 931[87].� There is no indication whether Emma was born from her father's first or second marriage.� From a chronological point of view, it appears that both cases are possible.� Flodoard records the death of "Emma regina" at the end of his passage dated 934[88].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr�s records the death "IV Non Nov" of "domna Emma regina"[89].� m ([911/19]) RODOLPHE [Raoul] Comte de Bourgogne, son of RICHARD �le Justicier� Duke of Burgundy & his wife Ad�lais d�Auxerre [Welf] (-Auxerre, Yonne 15/16 Jan 936, bur Abbaye de Sainte-Colombe de Sens).� Flodoard names "Rodulfo filio Richardi"[90].� He is named "Rodulfo rex filio meo" in the grant of "Adeleydis comitissa soror Rodulfi" to Cluny dated 14 Jun 929[91].� Rodulfus Glaber names "Rodulfus, Richardi ducis Burgundi� filius"[92].� He succeeded his father in 921 as Duke of Burgundy.� He was elected as RAOUL King of France in 13 Jul 923 at Soissons to succeed his father-in-law, consecrated by Gauthier Archbishop of Sens at the abbey of Saint-M�dard de Soissons.� Flodoard records in 923 that, after King Charles III had retreated "trans Mosam", �Rodulfum...regem...[filius Richardi]� was elected and consecrated �apud urbem Suessonicam�[93].� Flodoard records in 936 (as the second report in that year) the death of �rex Rodulfus� and his burial �Senonis apud sanctam Columbam�[94].� The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death "XVIII Kal Feb" of "Rodulfo rege", specifying his burial "in basilica aanct� Columb�"[95].� The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 14 Jan of "Rodulphus rex"[96].�

King Robert I & his second wife had one child:�

3. HUGUES ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne 16 Jun 956, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Historia Francorum Senonensis names "Hugo Magnus" as son of "Robertus princeps [et] sororem Herberti"[97].� He was installed as HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs in 936.�

-�� see below, Part B.�

B.�� DUCS des FRANCS 936-987

HUGUES �le Grand�, son of ROBERT I King of France & his second wife Beatrix de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([898]-Dourdan, Essonne 16 Jun 956, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Guillaume of Jumi�ges records that �Rodbertus dux� married �sororem Herberti� by whom he had �Hugonem Magnum�[98].� The Historia Francorum Senonensis names "Hugo Magnus" as son of "Robertus princeps [et] sororem Herberti"[99].� "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis, qui erat pater Hugonis postea Francorum ducus" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[100].� Rodulfus Glaber names "Hugo filius Rotberti, Parisiorum comitis", commenting on the obscurity of his ancestry[101].� He was recognised by the king as heir to his father�s lands in 914.� Flodoard records in 922 that, after King Charles III had returned [from �Lotharingia�] to Laon, "Hugo filius Rotberti" arrived �post pascha super Vidulam...ubi apud villam Finimas�[102].� Flodoard records in 922 that "Rotbertus" sent �filium suum Hugonem� with an army of Franks �in regnum Lotharii...propter Capraemontum Gislberti castrum� where he relieved the siege led by King Charles and returned after accepting hostages �a quibusdam Lothariensibus�[103].� He declined the succession to the throne of France on the death of his father in 923, when his brother-in-law Raoul Duke of Burgundy was elected king.� Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "l�abb� Hugues" granted "la ville de Mons�dans le pays de Melun" to "la reine Emma sa s�ur, fille du roi Robert" by charter dated 926[104].� On the death of King Raoul, Hugues once more declined the succession, instead negotiating the return from England of the Carolingian Prince Louis, son of King Charles III �le Simple�, who was his wife's nephew and whom he installed as King Louis IV.� Hugo rector Abbati� sancti Martini" names "genitoris nostri Rotberti quondam regis ac genitricis nostr� domn� Beatricis" in a charter dated 26 Mar 931[105].� "Hugues abb� de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy�dans le comt� de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[106].� The position of power acquired by Hugues is confirmed by the title dux francorum/Duc des Francs used in charters dated 25 Jul 936 and 25 Dec 936[107], and the king's references to him as �notre second dans tous nos royaumes�.� Disputes between Hugues and the king quickly followed.� On the death of King Louis IV in 954, Hugues was confirmed as Duc des Francs.� He was granted lordship over Burgundy and Aquitaine[108].� He only succeeded in subjugating the former, succeeding Duke Giselbert as Duke of Burgundy in Apr 956.� The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death "XVI Kal Iul apud Drodingam villam" of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[109].� The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVI Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[110].� The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "XV Kal Jul" of "Hugo dux Francorum"[111].� The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 16 Jun of "Hugo comes"[112].�

m firstly ([914]) [JUDITH] du Maine, daughter of ROGER Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde [Carolingian] (before 900-925).� The marriage of Hugues Comte de Paris with the daughter of Roger Comte du Maine is deduced from Flodoard naming "Rothildis, amit� su� [regis Karoli], socrus autem Hugonis" when recording that the king deprived her of "abbatiam�Golam" [Chelles] in favour of his favourite Hagano, the context dictating that "Hugonis" was "Hugo filius Rotberti"[113].�� The source which names her father has not yet been identified, but it appears reasonably certain from the sources quoted in the document MAINE that Rothilde's husband was Roger.� She is named Judith in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[114] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified.� According to Settipani her name is not known[115].�

m secondly ([926]) EADHILD, daughter of EDWARD I "the Elder" King of Wessex & his second wife �lfleda (-937).� Flodoard mentions, but does not name, "filiam Eadwardi regis Anglorum, sororem coniugis Karoli" when recording her marriage to "Hugo filius Rotberti" in 926[116].� William of Malmesbury names (in order) "Edfleda, Edgiva, Ethelhilda, Ethilda, Edgitha, Elfgiva" as the six daughters of King Eadweard and his wife "Elfleda", specifying that Ethilda married "Hugh".� The Book of Hyde names "Ethyldam" as fourth of the six daughters of King Edward by his first wife "Elfelmi comitis filia Elfleda", specifying that she married "pater Hugonis Capet"[117].� At the time of the couple's betrothal, her future husband sent sumptuous gifts to King �thelstan, including spices, jewels, richly caparisoned horses, three holy relics and a gold crown[118].�

m thirdly ([9 May/14 Sep] 937) HEDWIG of Germany, daughter of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde [Immedinger] ([922]-9 Jan [958 or after 965]).� "Hugues abb� de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy�dans le comt� de Meaux", inherited from "comte Aledramnus", to Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated 14 Sep 937 which names "sa femme Havis"[119].� Rodulfus Glauber names "sororem [=Otto] Haduidem" as wife of "Hugo dux Francorum cognomento Magnus"[120].� Flodoard refers to "sororem Othonis regis Transfhenensis, filiam Heinrici" as the wife of "Hugo princeps, filius Roberti", without naming her, recording their marriage in 938[121].� Flodoard also refers to "relicta Hugonis" as "amita Lotharius rex"[122].� The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis�contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitani� post missa sancti Martini"[123].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Id Jan" of "Hadhuidis comitissa"[124].�

Mistress (1): RAINGARDE [Ringare], daughter of ---.� The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium names "Heribertus Francigena filius Hugonis Ducis cognomento Magni ex concubina Raingarda" as bishop of Auxerre from 971 to 995[125].� The same source names "Johannes natione Autissiodorensis, patre Ansaldo, matre Raingarde" as bishop of Auxerre from 996 to 998[126].� The same name in the same area suggests the possibility that Raingarde, mistress of Duke Hugues, was the same person as the wife of Ansoud [I].�

Duke Hugues & his [second/third] wife had one child:

1. BEATRIX (-23 Sep 1003).� Flodoard refers to "Hugonis principis filiam" marrying "Fredericus, frater Adalberonis episcopi" in 954[127].� The Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium names "Beatricis, Hugonis Capitonis Francorum regis sororis" as wife of "ducis Frederici"[128].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "sororem [Otto filius Hugo rex�dux Burgundie]�Beatricem" as wife of "Fridericus dux Mosellanorum"[129].� There is no proof of the identity of the mother of Beatrix, although it is unlikely that she was the daughter of her father's first wife given the date of her marriage.� She acted as regent of Upper Lotharingia for her son Duke Thierry I from 978 to 987, taking an active part in the government of the duchy.� She intervened with her brother Hugues Capet over the capture of her son by French troops during the siege of Verdun in 985, and actively attempted to resolve the Franco/German conflict over Lotharingia by diplomatic means.� She was imprisoned in an abbey by her son, impatient to assume personal rule, but the Pope obliged him to release her.� She visited the monastery of Saint-Di� in 1003 with her family[130].� m (Betrothed 951, [10 Sep/12 Nov] 954) FREDERIC Comte, son of WIGERICH [III] Graf im Bidgau, Pfalzgraf & his wife Cunegondis --- ([910/15]-[Jun/Jul] 978).� He was installed in 959 as FREDERIC I Duke of Upper Lotharingia.

Duke Hugues & his third wife had four children:

2. HUGUES ([940]-villa "Les Juifs", near Prasville, Eure-et-Loire 24 Oct 996, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Rodulfus Glauber names "Hugoni, Parisiensis ducis filio�illius Magni Hugonis", specifying that his mother was "Ottone�sorore"[131].� He was elected HUGUES "Capet" King of France by an assembly of nobles at Senlis 29 May 987.�

-�� see below.�

3. EMMA ([943]-after 18 Mar 968).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage in 956 of "Richardus filius Guillelmi principis Normannorum" with "filiam Hugonis ducis", although she is not named[132].� Guillaume of Jumi�ges records the betrothal of �Hugo dux...filiam suam...Emmam� and �puerum Richardum�, with the consent of �Bernardi Silvanectensis�, and in a later passage their marriage[133].� No direct proof has yet been found that Emma was the daughter of her father's third marriage.� However, this is likely given that betrothals at the time normally took place when the female partner was still a child or in early adolescence.� Guillaume of Jumi�ges records the death without children of �Emma uxor eius filia Hugonis Magni�[134].� m (Betrothed 956, Rouen 960) as his first wife, RICHARD I �Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie], GUILLAUME "Longuesp�e" Comte [de Normandie] & his first wife Sprota --- (F�camp [932]-F�camp 20 Nov 996, bur F�camp).� Regent of France 956-960.�

4. OTTON [Eudes] ([945]-23 Feb 965, bur Saint-Germain d�Auxerre).� The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum�ex filia Odonis regis"[135].� Comte d�Auxerre.� On the death of his father-in-law in 956, Lothaire King of France installed Eudes as Duke of Burgundy at Beaune.�

-�� DUKES of BURGUNDY.��

5. EUDES [Odo] ([948]-Ch�teau de Pouilly-sur-Sa�ne 15 Oct 1002, bur Auxerre).� The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum�ex filia Odonis regis"[136].� Flodoard names "Hugonem et Oddonem clericum" as brothers of "Otto filius Hugonis", when he records that the rectores of Burgundy named them as his successors[137].� He adopted the name HENRI, and the title Duke of Burgundy.�

-�� DUKES of BURGUNDY.�

Duc Hugues "le Grand" had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

6. HERIBERT (-Ch�teau de Toucy 23 Aug[138] 996 or after, bur Church of Notre-Dame d'Auxerre).� The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium names "Heribertus Francigena filius Hugonis Ducis cognomento Magni ex concubina Raingarda", specifying that he died "apud castrum Tociacum"[139].� Bishop of Auxerre 8 Jan 971, until 996 when he was replaced by "Joannes natione Autissiodorensis patre Ansaldo matre Raingarda"[140].� Bouchard speculates that H�ribert's successor may therefore have been his uterine half-brother[141].�

C.�� KINGS OF FRANCE 987-1328

HUGUES, son of HUGUES �le Grand� Duc des Francs & his third wife Hedwig of Germany ([940]-villa "Les Juifs", near Prasville, Eure-et-Loire 24 Oct 996, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum�ex filia Odonis regis"[142].� Flodoard names "Hugonem et Oddonem clericum" as brothers of "Otto filius Hugonis", when he records that the rectores of Burgundy named them as his successors[143].� Rodulfus Glauber names "Hugoni, Parisiensis ducis filio�illius Magni Hugonis", specifying that his mother was "Ottone�sorore"[144].� His father named Richard Comte [de Normandie] as Hugues's guardian in 956, the arrangement being confirmed by Richard's betrothal to the sister of Hugues.� The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis�contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitani� post missa sancti Martini"[145].� He was installed as Duc des Francs/dux Francorum by Lothaire King of the West Franks in 960.� By 974, Hugues had become effective leader of France under King Lothaire and headed the army which retook the kingdom of Lotharingia from Otto II King of Germany in 978[146].� He was elected HUGUES "Capet" King of France by an assembly of nobles at Senlis 29 May 987, after the death of Louis V King of France.� He was consecrated at Noyon 1 Jun 987.� Charles Duke of Lotharingia, the late king's uncle who opposed the accession of King Hugues, captured Laon in [May] 988, and Reims in [Aug/Sep] 989, with the help of his nephew Arnoul Archbishop of Reims, but was finally captured at Laon in 991[147].� The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death in 998 of "Hugo rex" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[148].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IX Kal Nov" of "Hugo rex"[149].�

m ([968]) ADELAIS [de Poitou, daughter of GUILLAUME III �T�te d'Etoupes� Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME I Comte de Poitou] & his wife Adela [Gerloc] de Normandie] ([950/55]-15 Jun [1004]).� There is some doubt about Adelais�s ancestry.� The 11th century Translatio S. Maglorii et aliorum names "Adelaide�filia Pictavorum comitis, de progenie Caroli Magni" as the wife of "Hugone, Francorum duce", clarifying that the latter refers to Hugues "Capet" King of France when it names "Roberto�rege, memorati ducis filio"[150].� This Poitevin origin is also suggested by Richer when he records that King Robert "ob nepotem suum Wilelmum" besieged "in Aquitania�Hildebertum"[151].� It is assumed that such a relationship between King Robert and Duke Guillaume would be through the king's mother as no family connection through his father has been established.� Some doubt is introduced by the Chronicle of Ademar de Chabannes which recounts the dispute between "Dux Aquitanorum Willelmus" and King Hugues, as well as the subsequent peace agreed between the parties in 990, without mentioning that the duke was the king's brother-in-law[152], all the more surprising if the Poitevin origin is correct as Ademar concentrates on Poitevin affairs and includes genealogical details in his narrative.� Another possible ancestry is suggested by Helgaud's Vita Roberti Regis which names "Rex Francorum Rotbertus�patre Hugone, matre Adhelaide", specifying that "ab Ausonis partibus descenderat"[153].� Settipani equates "Ausonia" with Rome or Italy[154], although no other reference to an Italian origin for Adelais has yet been identified.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "rex Francorum Robertus" as "superiorem regum Anglie soror"[155], but it is difficult to see to whom this could refer or how it could be correct.� The paucity of references in contemporary sources to the wife of Hugues Capet and her origin contrasts with the frequent references to his mother and to the wives of his son King Robert II.� This suggests that the background of Queen Adelais may have been obscure and that her family had little political influence at the time, although this would be surprising as her husband already enjoyed a position of some power at the Carolingian court at the time of his marriage.� Maybe her family was prominent when the couple married but suffered a subsequent decline by the time her husband was elected king.� Nevertheless, an Aquitainian marriage would have fitted the political circumstances of the time.� After several decades of dispute between the Capet and Poitou families, a permanent peace appears to have been established from about the time the marriage took place[156].�� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Adelaidis regina"[157].�

[Mistress (1): ---.� The name of King Hugues's possible mistress is not known.]�

King Hugues & his wife had three children:

1. GISELA de France ([970][158]-).� The Chronique de Saint Riquier records that Hugues "Capet" King of France granted the ch�teau d'Abbeville "� un chevalier nomm� Hugues" who had married the king's daughter "Gis�le"[159].� m (before 987) HUGUES ---, son of --- (-4 Jul [1000]).� Hugues Capet King of France separated Abbeville, Ancre and Domart from the Abbaye de Saint-Riquier and gave them to Hugues, who was known as the avou� de Saint-Riquier[160].� These territories became the foundation of the county of Ponthieu.�

2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([969][161]-after 1013).� The Genealogi� Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem�comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[162].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "soror regis Roberti Hadwidis" as wife of "Rainero comiti de Hainaco, fratri Lamberti comitis de Lovanio"[163].� Sigebert's Chronica records in 977 that "Raginerus" married "Hathuidem filiam Hugonis postea regis"[164].� "Comes Raginerus et Hathuidis coniux" are named in the Gesta of Gembloux Abbey[165].� Her brother gave her the towns of Couvin, Fraisne, N�me, Eve and Bens [all now in Belgium] as her dowry on her marriage.� "Raginero comite�et Hathuidis coniunx eius" donated property at Gion to Gembloux by charter dated to [1013][166].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" took into his protection the abbey of Florennes founded by "Gerardus�in primis meus capellanus postea�Cameracensis episcopus effectus et fratres sui Godefridus et Arnulphus" by charter dated 1018, which refers to earlier donations of property by "comitissa Hawidis, annuentibus filiis suis comite Raginero et Lamberto"[167].� "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the foundation of Florennes abbey by charter dated 1033, which records among others the donation of "comitissa Hadegundis, annuentibus comite Raginero et Lamberto filiis suis�in Prona sita in pago Haynomensi"[168].� The identity of "comitissa Hawidis/Hadegundis", and therefore the existence of Lambert, supposed brother of Reginar [V] Comte de Hainaut, is not certain.� Hedwige, wife of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut, is the most obvious candidate.� If this is correct, the donation must have been made after her husband's death in 1013 as he is not named in the document.� The other possibility is that the donor was the mother of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut and his brother Lambert [I] Comte de Louvain.� However, the name of the wife of their father, Reginar [III] Graf im Maasgau, is recorded elsewhere as Adela (see the document BRABANT).� m ([996]) REGINAR IV Comte de Hainaut, son of REGINAR [III] Graf im Maasgau & his wife Adela [von Dachsburg] (after 947-1013).�

3. ROBERT de France (Orl�ans ([27 Mar] 972-Ch�teau de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Genealogi� Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem�comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[169].� He was consecrated Associate-King 25 Dec 987, Cathedral of Sainte-Croix d�Orl�ans.� He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France.��

-�� see below.�

King Hugues had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

4. [GAUCELIN (-Ch�tillon Priory 1030, bur Fleury).� Ademar refers to "abbatem Gauzlenum" being ordained at "sancti Benedicti" by "Rex Rotbertus".� The text continues by explaining that he was "nobilissimi Francorum principis filius manzer, a puero in monasterio sancti Benedicti nutritus", specifying that "rex supra scriptus [=Rotbertus]" later installed him as "archiepiscopum Bituricensibus" after the death of Archbishop Dagbert[170].� Andr� de Fleury�s Vita Gauzlini records that �Gauzlinus� was �ex liberiori totius Galli� stirpe fertur ingenuam genituram excepisse�[171].� These oblique references have been interpreted as meaning that the father of Gauzlin was King Hugues "Capet"[172], although this is not beyond doubt.� Kerrebrouck also casts doubt on this assumed paternity of Gauzlin[173].� Abbot of Fleury [1005].� Archbishop of Bourges 1013.� Andr� de Fleury�s Vita Gauzlini records the death of Gaucelin �Castellionis� and in a later passage his burial �Floriacum�[174].]�

The precise relationship between the following person and the family of the Capetian kings has not been established.� Maybe he was related through the wife of King Hugues �Capet�.�

1. INGO (-29 Jan 1026).� The Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records that �Ingo Abbas sancti Martini �aciacensis et sancti Germani Parisiensis, consanguineus�Regis� succeeded as abbot of �sancti Petri Vivi� in 1015[175].� The Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records the death �1026 IV Kal Feb� of �Ingo Abbas�[176].�

ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES �Capet� King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orl�ans ([27 Mar] 972-Ch�teau de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Genealogi� Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem�comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177].� He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orl�ans[178].� He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France.� He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de M�con[180].� After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Fr�d�ric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered to him.� Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182].� Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183].� The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus�Francorum rex"[185].�

m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]) as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II �le Jeune� Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin).� Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[186].� One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage.� The Genealogica Comitum Flandri� Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam qu� et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[187].� The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[188].� Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county.� According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[189], but the source on which this is based has not been located.� "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem�jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "�Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite�"[190].� The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia�Berengarii Regis Itali�", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[191].� Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[192], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier.� Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[193].� She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage.� Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam�genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[194].� She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV.� France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer.� "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum�Atingehem�et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[195].� "Susanna regina�cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum�in pago Flandrensi�in Holtawa�in Fresnere�in Clemeskirca�in Jatbeka�in Sclefteta�" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[196].� The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[197].� The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[198].�

m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I �le Pacifique� King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundi�" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[199].� This origin is corroborated by Rodulfus Glauber who names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[200].� �Odo comes� restored �villam...Culturas� to Marmoutier, for the souls of �...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet�, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by �Berte comitiss� uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo�[201].� Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[202].� �Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis� donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[203].� Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity.� The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome.� Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[204].� "Bert� regin�, Odonis comitis filii eius�" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[205].� The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[206].� "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bert� regin�" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi�Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[207].� The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[208].�

m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II �le Lib�rateur� Comte d�Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d�Anjou ([987/89]-Ch�teau de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[209].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[210].� The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[211].� This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam�filiam�prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[212].� The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues.� Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[213].� The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[214], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[215].� She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[216].� She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[217].� Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[218].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr�s records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[219].� The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[220].�

King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children:

1. [CONSTANCE .� There is no proof that Constance, wife of Manass�s de Dammartin, was the daughter of King Robert II, the affiliation being proposed for onomastic reasons only[221]. The connection is suggested by the presence of the king and queen at a donation by "Manasses comes" dated 4 Feb 1031[222].� On the other hand, Rodolfus Glaber records that King Robert had two daughters by his wife Constance[223], presumably referring to Hedwige and Adela, so ignoring any daughter named Constance.� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[224], the wife of Manass�s was "Constance [de Dammartin]", presumably on the theory that she brought her husband the county of Dammartin.� m ([1023 or before]) MANASSES Comte de Dammartin-en-Go�le, son of [HILDUIN [I] de Montdidier Seigneur de Ramerupt & his wife ---] (-killed in battle Ornel, near Etain, Bar-le-Duc 15 Nov or 15 Dec 1037).]

2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([1003]-5 Jun after 1063).� Rodolfus Glaber records that "Rainaldus�Landrici comitis filius" married a daughter of King Robert[225].� The Chronici Hugonis Floriacensis names "Adelaidem�Rainaldi comitis Nivernensis uxorem" as the daughter of King Robert and his wife Constance[226].� The Historia Nivernensium Comitum records that the wife of "Renaldum" was "sorori Regis Roberti, filii Hugonis Capitonis"[227].� The Annales Vizeliacenses also specifies that Renaud's wife was the sister not daughter of King Robert II[228].� However, this is chronologically unlikely given that King Robert and his known sisters were born in the 970s, more than twenty years before the earliest possible date of birth of Comte Renaud.� Her marriage was agreed by her father as part of his alliance with Landry Comte de Nevers after capturing Auxerre, which the king gave to his daughter as dowry[229].� "Rainaldus comes Nivernensis" donated property "Belmontis" to Cluny, for the souls of "�uxoris mee Advise�" by charter dated to [1028/40][230].� She founded the abbeys of Crisenon and Issenon.� m (1006, soon after 25 Jan 1016) RENAUD [I] de Nevers, son of LANDRY Comte de Nevers & his wife Mathilde de Bourgogne-Comt� (-killed in battle Sainte-Vertu, Yonne 29 May 1040, bur Auxerre, Saint-Germain).� He succeeded his father in 1028 as Comte de Nevers.� He was killed in battle against Robert I Duke of Burgundy, his brother-in-law.�

3. HUGUES de France (1007-28 Aug 1025, bur Compi�gne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille).� The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[231].� He was consecrated associate-king 9 Jun 1017, at Compi�gne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille, when he was "barely ten years old" according to Rodolfus Glaber[232].� He rebelled against his father claiming the full authority of his position as associate-king, but later submitted[233].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr�s records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex Francorum"[234].� The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex"[235].� Rodolfus Glaber records his place of burial[236].�

4. HENRI de France ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, for�t d�Orl�ans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[237].� He succeeded his father in 1031 as HENRI I King of France.��

-�� see below.�

5. ROBERT de France ([1011/12]-church of Fleury-sur-Ouche, C�te d�Or 18 Mar 1076, bur Saint-Seine-l'Abbaye, C�te d�Or).� The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[238].� Rodulfus Glauber names "Heinricus rex�germanium suum Rotbertum" when recording the latter's installation as duke of Burgundy by his brother[239].� His mother supported him as candidate to be consecrated associate king in 1027, in place of his older brother Henri who was supported by their father.� His father named him heir to the duchy of Burgundy in 1030.� He was installed as ROBERT I "le Vieux" Duke of Burgundy in 1032 by his brother King Henri I.��

-�� DUKES of BURGUNDY.�

6. EUDES de France ([1013]-Germigny-des-Pr�s, near Sully, Loiret 15 May [1057/59]).� The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[240].� He allied himself with Eudes II Comte de Blois in the war against his brother Henri I King of France 1034-1041.� He was defeated and imprisoned at Orl�ans.� After his release, he fought for the king in Normandy, but was defeated in 1054 at Mortemer.� Orderic Vitalis records the war between the Normans and "Henricum regem" in 1054 when "Odonem fratrem suum" was defeated by "Roberti Aucensis comiitis et Rogerii de Mortuomari" who led the Norman forces "apud Mortuum-mare"[241].� He owned land near Bell�me[242].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Mai" of "Odo Roberti regis filius"[243].�

7. ADELA de France (-Messines 8 Jan 1079, bur Messines, Benedictine monastery).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "soror�regis Henrici Adela" as wife of "Balduino Insulano"[244].� The Genealogi� Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Alam comitissam Flandrensem" as the daughter of King Robert[245].� She is named as daughter of King Robert in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also refers to her marriage[246].� Kerrebrouck mentions her betrothal to Duke Richard "tr�s jeune" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[247].� "Richardus Nortmannorum dux" agreed grants of property to "Adela" on the occasion of their marriage by charter dated Jan 1026, which does not specify her parentage[248].� Her father gave her the seigneurie of Corbie as her dowry.� Ctss de Contenance.� She founded the Benedictine monastery at Messines near Ypres.� Philippe I King of France donated �villam in pago Parisiacensi sitam...Curtesiolum� to Saint-Denis, at the request of �amita mea soror...patris mei H...Adela�, by charter dated 1060, after 4 Aug[249].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VI Id Jan" of "Adelaidis comitissa"[250].� Betrothed (Jan 1027) to RICHARD III Duke of Normandy, son of RICHARD I Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Bretagne ([1001]-6 Aug 1027).� m (Amiens 1028) BAUDOUIN de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN IV "le Barbu/Pulchrae Barbae" Count of Flanders & his first wife Ogive de Luxembourg ([1012/13]-Lille 1 Sep 1067, bur Lille, Saint-Pierre).� He succeeded his father in 1035 as BAUDOUIN V �le Pieux/Insulanus� Count of Flanders.� He was regent of France for his nephew Philippe I King of France 1060-1066/67.�

HENRI de France, son of ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France & his third wife Constance d'Arles [Provence] ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, for�t d�Orl�ans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[251].� His father installed him as Duke of Burgundy 25 Jan 1016 after completing his conquest of the duchy[252].� He was consecrated associate-king 14 May 1027, at Notre-Dame, Reims, despite the opposition of his mother.� He rebelled against his father, together with his brother Robert, 1029-1031, and captured Dreux, Beaune and Avallon[253].� He succeeded his father in 1031 as HENRI I King of France, at which time the duchy of Burgundy was given to his younger brother Robert.� In light of his mother�s continuing opposition to his succession, he was obliged to take refuge briefly in Normandy in 1033.� He regained control with the help of Robert II Duke of Normandy.� A fragmentary chronicle records the death �Vitriaci� in 1059 of �Ainricus�[254].� The Chronicle of Saint-Pierre de Sens records the death in 1060 �apud Vitriacum castrum in Brieria� of �Rex Hainricus� and his burial �in Basilica S. Dionysii�[255].� Merlet reviews all these sources but, based on other documentation, concludes that the king must have died at Dreux[256].� He refers to the charter of King Henri dated 1060 at Dreux (�Drocis castro�), under which the king confirmed the foundation of the priory of Saint-Germain de Brezolles, which records the presence of Agobert Bishop of Chartres and various other members of the chapter of Chartres[257].� Merlet refers to Orderic Vitalis who states that at the end of his life the king was treated by a doctor, also from Chartres �Joanne...Surdus cognominabatur�, but died suddenly from the effects of drinking water against the medical advice[258].� He then highlights the supplementary addition at the end of the charter in question which states that �post mortem patris, Philippus rex cum matre regina� signed the document �Drocis castro in sua aula�[259].� This addition is dated �anno secundo sui regni�, but Merlet attributes the delay to the lapse of time which in medieval times frequently occurred between the action and finalising the corresponding documentation, a practice which is discussed in detail by Giry[260].� The monastery of Saint-Denis�s Historia Regum Francorum records that King Henri died �civitate Senonis�[261].� The Annales Nivernenses record the death "1060 II Non Aug" of "Henricus rex, Rotberti regis filius"[262].� The necrology of the Eglise Cath�drale de Paris records the death "IV Non Aug" of "Henrici regis Francorum"[263].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Non Aug" of "Henricus rex"[264].� The necrology of Auxerre cathedral records the death 4 Aug of "Henricus rex Franci�"[265].�

Betrothed (May 1033) to MATHILDE of Germany, daughter of Emperor KONRAD II King of Germany & his wife Gisela of Swabia ([Oosterbecke] 1027[266]-Worms 1034, bur Worms Cathedral).� Wipo names "filia imperatoris Chuonradi et Gisel�, Mahthilda" when recording her death and burial at Worms in 1034, specifying that she was betrothed to "Heinrico regi Francorum"[267].� Her marriage was arranged to confirm a peace agreement between King Henri and Emperor Konrad at Deville in May 1033[268].� Her absence from the list of deceased relatives in the donation of "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" to the church of Worms by charter dated 30 Jan 1034 suggests that Mathilde died after that date, while her absence from the list of the children of Emperor Konrad named in the same charter may be explained by her youth[269].�

m firstly (1034) MATHILDE, daughter of --- ([1025/26]-Paris 1044, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Rodolfus Glaber records that King Henri married "Mathildem�de regno eius ex Germanie nobilioribus"[270].� Her precise origin is not known.� A manuscript entitled "Excerptum Historicum" records the marriage of "rex Henricus" and "neptem Henrici Alamannorum Imperatoris", commenting that the couple had a daughter who died young and that King Henri's wife died soon after[271].� The Historia of Monk Aimon records that King Henri married "neptem Henrici Alamani� Imperatoris" in 1034[272].� Szabolcs de Vajay[273] suggests that she was Mathilde, daughter of Liudolf Markgraf von Friesland [Braunschweig] & his wife Gertrud von Egisheim, her supposed father being the uterine half-brother of Emperor Heinrich III.� The Historia Francica records the death in 1044 of "Mahildis Regina"[274].� The Miracula Sancti Bernardi records the death in Paris in 1044 of "Mahildis regina�ex C�sarum progenie", and her burial "monasterio Sancti Dionysii"[275].�

m secondly (Reims 19 May 1051) as her first husband, ANNA Iaroslavna, daughter of IAROSLAV I Vladimirovich "Mudriy/the Wise" Grand Prince of Kiev & his second wife Ingigerd Olafsdottir of Sweden (1036-5 Sep ([1075/78], bur Abbaye Villiers near La-Fert�-Alais).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam regis Russorum Annam" with King Henri[276].� Orderic Vitalis records that "Henricus�Francorum rex" married "Bertradam, Julii Claudii regis Russi� filiam"[277].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Anna filia Georgii regis Sclavonum" as wife of King Henri[278].� She was consecrated Queen Consort at Reims on her wedding day.� She caused a scandal by marrying secondly ([1061]) as his third wife, Raoul [III] Comte de Valois, and was forced to leave the court, although she returned after his death in 1074[279].� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "Anna, Henrici relicta" and "Rodulfo comitis"[280].�

King Henri I & his first wife had one child:

1. daughter ([1040]-1044 or before).� A manuscript entitled "Excerptum Historicum" records the marriage of "rex Henricus" and "neptem Henrici Alamannorum Imperatoris", commenting that the couple had a daughter who died young[281].� She died before her mother, under 5 years old[282].�

King Henri I & his second wife had four children:

2. PHILIPPE de France (1052-Ch�teau de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 30 Jul 1108, bur Abbaye Saint Beno�t-sur-Loire).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri and Anna[283].� He was consecrated Associate-King 23 May 1059, Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims.� He succeeded his father in 1060 as PHILIPPE I King of France.�

-�� see below.�

3. EMMA de France (1054-).� The Historia Francorum names "Emmamque filiam" in addition to the three sons of King Henri and Anna[284].�

4. ROBERT de France (before Jun 1054-[1063]).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri & Anna, specifying that "Rotbertus inmatura morte decessit"[285].� This is confirmed by the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines which names (in order) "Philippum, Robertum et Hugonam" as the three sons of King Henri, specifying that "Robertus iuvenis mortuus est"[286].�

5. HUGUES de France (1057-Tarsus 18 Oct 1102, bur Tarsus, church of St Paul).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri and Anna[287].� William of Tyre records "dominus Hugo Magnus" as brother of Philippe I King of France[288].� Orderic Vitalis names "Philippum et Hugonem Magnum Crispeii comitem" as the children of "Henricus�Francorum rex" and his wife "Bertradam, Julii Claudii regis Russi� filiam"[289].� Comte de Vermandois et de Valois by right of his wife.� Leader of the French contingent in the First Crusade Aug 1096.� Albert of Aix records that "Hugonem Magnum fratrem regis Franci�, Drogonem et Clareboldum" were held in chains in prison by the emperor at Constantinople but were released after the intervention of "Baldewinus Hainaucorum comes et Heinricus de Ascha" who were sent as envoys by Godefroi de Bouillon[290].� He returned to France after the victory of Antioch 1098 to raise another army.� The Alexeiad names "a certain Hugh, brother of the king of France" when recording that he "sent an absurd message to the emperor proposing that he should be given a magnificent reception" after arriving in Constantinople[291].� He set out again Mar 1101, but died from wounds received fighting the Greeks at Tarsus in Cilicia.��

-�� COMTES de VERMANDOIS.�

PHILIPPE de France, son of HENRI I King of France & his second wife Anna Iaroslavna of Kiev (1052-Ch�teau de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 30 Jul 1108, bur Abbaye de Saint Beno�t-sur-Loire[292]).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names (in order) "Philippum, Hugonem atque Rotbertum" as the three sons of King Henri and Anna[293].� Orderic Vitalis names "Philippum et Hugonem Magnum Crispeii comitem" as the children of "Henricus�Francorum rex" and his wife "Bertradam, Julii Claudii regis Russi� filiam"[294].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the birth in 1052 of "rex futurus regis Francorum Henrici filius ex Anna filia Georgii regis Sclavonum"[295].� He was consecrated associate-king 23 May 1059, at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims: the Hugonis Floriacensis Actum records the consecration in 1058 of �rex...Henricus...Philippum filium suum duodennum� at �Remis a Gervasio archiepiscopo�, in the presence of �duo Nicholai pap� legati, Hugo...Bisunciensis archiepiscopus et Hermenfredus Sedunensis episcopus�[296].� His father entrusted his education to his uncle Baldwin V Count of Flanders, who later became regent until 1066/67.� He succeeded his father in 1060 as PHILIPPE I King of France.� The Bertholdi Annales record in 1060 the death of �Heinricus Galliarum rex� and the succession of �filius eius Philippus adhuc puer regnum cum matre gubernandum suscepit�[297].� Consecrated 25 Dec 1071 at Laon, again 16 May 1098 at Tours, and for a fourth time 25 Dec 1100 at Reims.� Foulques IV "le Rechin" Comte d'Anjou ceded Ch�teau-Landon and G�tinais to him in 1069, in return for the king's recognition of his accession as count[298].� King Philippe pursued this policy of expanding his territories, adding Corbie in 1074, acquiring part of Vermandois on the death of Raoul Comte de Vermandois in 1074, invading Vexin in 1077, and taking possession of Bourges in 1100[299].� In 1071, after ineffectively helping Arnoul III Count of Flanders against his uncle Robert, the latter made peace with King Philippe and arranged the king's marriage to his stepdaughter.� The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii records the death "apud Milidunum IV Kal Aug" of King Philippe and his burial "in ecclesia sancti Benedicti super Ligerim in pago Aurelianensi"[300].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr�s records the death "III Kal Aug" of "Philippus rex Francorum"[301].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "III Kal Aug" of "Philippus rex"[302].�

Betrothed ([1055/59]) to JUDITH [Maria/Sophia] of Germany, daughter of Emperor HEINRICH III King of Germany & his second wife Agn�s de Poitou ([1054]-14 Mar [1092/96], bur Admont Abbey).� The Gesta Hungarorum records that King Andr�s forced the marriage of "Salomoni regi" and "Henricus imperator�Sophiam suam filiam", specifying that she had earlier been betrothed to "filio regis Franci�"[303].� This could only refer to the future Philippe I King of France as it is unlikely that the emperor's daughter would have been betrothed to his younger brother.� This betrothal is not corroborated in the western European primary sources so far consulted.�

m firstly (1072, repudiated 1092) BERTHA of Holland, daughter of FLORIS I Count of Holland & his wife Gertrud of Saxony[-Billung] ([1058]-Montreuil-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais 15 Oct 1094).� The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage of "filiam ducis Frisi�" and "rex Philippus"[304].� The Historia Francorum names "filiam Florentii ducis Frisonum Bertam" as wife of King Philippe[305].� The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Theodricum et Florencium�et Machtildim" as children of Count Floris & his wife, specifying that "Machtildim" married "Philippus rex Francie" after the death of her father which indicates that "Machtildim" in this text is an error for Bertha[306].� Her marriage was arranged as part of the settlement under which her future husband recognised her stepfather as Count of Flanders[307].� She was repudiated after King Philippe abducted Bertrade de Montfort from her husband, and was sent to Montreuil[308].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Victor records the death "Id Oct" of "Berta mater Ludovici regis"[309].� Clarius�s Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records the death in 1094 of �Berta regina, qu� a rege Philippo prius fuerat derelicta�[310].�

m secondly (Paris 1092, before 27 Oct) as her second husband, BERTRADE de Montfort, fifth wife of FOULQUES IV �le R�chin� Comte d�Anjou, daughter of SIMON [I] de Montfort-l'Amaury & his third wife Agn�s d�Evreux (-Fontevrault end-1115/1116, bur church of the priory of Hautes-Bruy�res, Saint-R�my-l�Honor�, Yvelines).� Orderic Vitalis records that �Bertrada...Andegavorum comitissa�, fearing that her husband was about to treat her like his previous two wives, sought protection from �Philippo regi Francorum� who repudiated his own wife and married her, the ceremony being conducted by �Odo Bajocensis episcopus�[311].� The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Not� Parisienses names "Fulconi Richin Andegavensi comiti uxorem suam nomine Bertradam" as second wife of King Philippe, specifying that the king abducted her from her first husband after repudiating his first wife[312].� William of Tyre records this marriage[313].� Pope Urban II at the Council of Autun excommunicated the king 16 Oct 1094, confirmed at the Council of Clermont 18/28 Nov 1095[314].� The church finally admitted the validity of the marriage after the Council of Paris 2 Dec 1104[315].� Orderic Vitalis alleges that Bertrade tried to poison her stepson Louis so her own sons could succeed to the throne[316].� "Fulco iunior Andegavensium comes Fulconis comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Fontevraud with the consent of "Bertrade regina matre meo, Philipo fratre meo" by charter dated to [1109/1112/13][317].�

King Philippe I & his first wife had three children:

1. CONSTANCE de France ([1078]-14 Sep 1126[318]).� Orderic Vitalis names "Ludovicum-Tedbaldum et Constantiam" as the children of Philippe I King of France and his wife "Bertrandam, Florentii Frisiorum ducis filiam"[319].� The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Ludovicum regem et filiam unam Constanciam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] uxorem sororem Roberti Flandrensis comitis", specifying that Constance married firstly "Hugoni Trecharum comiti", from whom she was separated for consanguinity, and secondly "Boamundo apud Carnotho"[320].� Orderic Vitalis records that King Philippe married �Constantiam...filiam suam� firstly to �Hugonis Trecassino comiti� and secondly to �duci Antiochi� Buamundo apud Carnotum�[321].� "Hugo comes Campanie Teotbaldi comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Molesme by charter dated 2 Apr 1104, which names "frater meus Odo comes, Constantiam regis Francorum filiam necnon et comitissam Adelaidem uxorem fratris mei comitis Stephani nepotes�" and is subscribed by "Teotbaldus puer filius Stephani comitis nepos huius comitis Hugonis"[322].� William of Tyre names her, and her father, when he records her (second) marriage[323].� Suger's Vita Ludovici records the marriage of "Antiochenum principem Boamundum" and "domini Ludovici�sororem Constantiam" at Chartres, mentioning her previous marriage to "comitem Trecensem Hugonem"[324].� The Lignages d'Outremer name "Costance la fille le roy de Franche" as wife of "Beymont" son of "Robert Guichart qui conquest Puille"[325].� Her second marriage was arranged by Adela Ctss de Blois while Prince Boh�mond was in France canvassing support against Byzantium.� After her second marriage, she remained with her husband in Apulia and never visited Palestine[326].� She was regent for her son in Italy after the death of her second husband[327].� She claimed the title "Queen" as daughter of the king of France.� The Romoaldi Annales record that "regina Constancia" was captured by "comite Alexandro et Grimoaldo Barense in Umenatia civitate" and taken to Bari in Aug, dated to 1119[328].� The Annales Ceccanenses record that "reginam Boamundi" was freed from Bari in 1120, after the intercession of Pope Calixtus II[329].� m firstly ([1093/95], annulled Soissons 25 Dec 1104 on grounds of consanguinity[330]) as his first wife, HUGUES de Blois Comte de Troyes, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Blois & his third wife Alix de Cr�py-Valois (-Palestine 14 Jun 1126).� m secondly (Chartres [25 Mar/26 May] 1106) BOHEMOND I Prince of Antioch, son of ROBERT �Guiscard� Duke of Apulia and Calabria [Sicily] & his first wife Alberada di Buonalberga (1052-Canosa di Puglia, Apulia 6/7 Mar 1111, bur Cathedral of Canosa di Puglia).

2. LOUIS THIBAUT de France (Paris end 1081-Ch�teau Bethizy near Paris 1 Aug 1137, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Ludovicum regem et filiam unam Constanciam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] uxorem sororem Roberti Flandrensis comitis"[331].� He succeeded his father in 1108 as LOUIS VI "le Gros" King of France.��

-�� see below.�

3. HENRI de France (1083-young).� The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Ludowicum et filiam Constantiam [atque Henricum]" as the children of King Philippe and "filiam Florentii ducis Frisonum Bertam"[332].�

King Philippe I & his second wife had [four] children:

4. PHILIPPE de France ([1093]-[2 Sep] after 1133).� The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Philippum et Florum et filiam unam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] Fulconi Rechin Andagavorum comiti uxorem"[333].� Orderic Vitalis names �Philippum et Florum� as the children of King Philippe by his second marriage[334].� He succeeded as Seigneur de Montlh�ry in 1104 by right of his wife.� His half-brother installed him as Comte de Mantes and Seigneur de Mehun-sur-Y�vre in [1104].� Suger's Vita Ludovici records the rebellion of "regis Ludovici Philippus frater" against his brother, supported by "Amalricus de Monte Forti�avunculus eius" and "Fulco comes Andegavensis postea rex Hierosolymitanus frater eius", and the confiscation of his castles of Montlh�ry and Mantes[335].� "Fulco iunior Andegavensium comes Fulconis comitis filius" donated property to the abbey of Fontevraud with the consent of "Bertrade regina matre meo, Philipo fratre meo" by charter dated to [1109/1112/13][336].� The necrology of Saint-Germain L'Auxerrois records the death "IV Non Sep" of "Philippus frater Ludovici regis"[337], which may refer to Philippe Comte de Mantes.� m (1104) ELISABETH de Montlh�ry Dame de Montlh�ry, daughter and heiress of GUY [III] �Troussel� Seigneur de Montlh�ry et de Chevreuse & his [first/second wife Adelaide ---/Mabile ---] (-after 3 Mar 1141).� The Chronica Regum Francorum records the betrothal of "unus illorum Regis illegitimus ex comitissa Andegavensi" and "filiam�Milonis de Montlehery"[338].� The dating clause of a charter dated to [1106/07] refers to the first year in which "Philippus filius Philippi regis Francorum" married "Helizabeth filiam Guidonis Trosselli"[339].�

5. FLEURI [Florus] de France ([1095]-after 1119).� The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Philippum et Florum et filiam unam" children of "Philippus rex [et] Fulconi Rechin Andagavorum comiti uxorem"[340].� Orderic Vitalis names �Philippum et Florum� as the children of King Philippe by his second marriage[341].� A document dated Jul 1213 records that "rex Franci�Grossus rex fratrem�Florium�filia Isabellis de Nangies�domina de Venisiaco"[342].� He was living in Anjou with his mother in 1117.� Seigneur de Nangis, presumably by right of his wife.� m [--- de Nangis, daughter & heiress of --- de Nangis & his wife ---].� Her parentage and marriage are assumed because her daughter is called "Isabellis de Nangies" in the source quoted below.�� Fleuri & his wife had [two] children:�

a) ISABELLE de Nangis ([1118]-[after 1166/67]).� Documents dated Jul 1213 and Aug 1213, relating to the consanguinity between Erard de Brienne Seigneur de Ramerupt and his wife Philippa of Jerusalem, record "rex Franci�Grossus rex fratrem�Florium�filia Isabellis de Nangies�domina de Venisiaco", adding that her daughter was "domina de Venisiaco, mater�[Erardum de Rameruco] [Erardum de Brena]", another document in the series clarifying that Isabelle was the mother of "Aalaidis domin� Venisiaci�mater�Erardi"[343].� Dame de Nangis.� A charter dated to after 1151 recites the donation of �feodum de Thori� by �Symon Pichered� to Dilo abbey, confirmed by "Garnerus�de Venisiaco a quo feodum illud Symon tenebat et uxor Garini Petronilla sed et filius eius Ansellus", and a later donation confirmed by "Ansellus�de Venisiaco�et frater Anselli, Freherus, sed et uxor sua Elisabeth", as well as other donations by Anseau, Isabelle and Ferry[344].� She is named in the cartulary of Preuilly[345].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln, Isabelle married firstly "Guy de Marolles", adding that he joined the crusade in 1141 and died in Palestine[346].� The primary source on which this is based is not known.� However, under a charter dated to [1166/67], Louis VII King of France confirmed donations of property to the abbey of Barbeau, including the donation of "apud capellam de Sarnai" made by "Guidonis de Nangiis�cum assensu uxoris sue Helisabeth" and with the consent of "Milo de Corteriaco�uxore et filiis"[347].� It is possible that "Guidonis de Nangiis" is the same person as Guy de Marolles, and that his wife "Helisabeth" was Isabelle de Nangis.� If this is correct, Guy would have been Isabelle�s second husband not her first, assuming that the charter relates to then current donations.� m [firstly] ([1136]) ANSEAU de Venisy, son of GARNIER de Venisy & his wife P�tronille ---.� [m secondly GUY [de Marolles], son of --- (-after [1166/67]).� Seigneur de Nangis, de iure uxoris.]�

b) [daughter .� Her parentage and marriage are recorded in Europ�ische Stammtafeln which also states that she was "Dame de Ch�tel-les-Nangis"[348].� The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.� However, as noted above under her supposed sister Isabelle, under a charter dated to [1166/67] Louis VII King of France confirmed donations of property to the abbey of Barbeau, including the donation of "apud capellam de Sarnai" made by "Guidonis de Nangiis�cum assensu uxoris sue Helisabeth" and with the consent of "Milo de Corteriaco�uxore et filiis"[349].� The consent given by "Milo de Corteriaco" and his wife and children would be consistent with him and his wife also having an interest in the property donated, which would be the case if his wife was the sister of Isabelle de Nangis.� Her husband�s connection with the Melun family has not been confirmed.� m MILON [de Melun] Seigneur de Courtry, son of ---.]�

6. CECILE de France ([1097]-after 1145).� The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Philippum et Florum et filiam unam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] Fulconi Rechin Andagavorum comiti uxorem", specifying that the (unnamed) daughter married "Tanchredus Anthiochenus"[350].� Her parentage is recorded by William of Tyre, who also records her two marriages[351].� Her first marriage was arranged while Boh�mond I Prince of Antioch was visiting the French court seeking support against Alexios I Emperor of Byzantium.� She sailed for Antioch end 1106[352].� While dying, Prince Tancred made Pons de Toulouse promise to marry his wife[353].� Albert of Aix records the marriage at Tripoli of "Punctus filius Bertrannus de Tripla" and "uxorem Tancredi, qu� filia erat regis Franci�", dated to [1115] from the context[354].� William of Tyre refers to the wife of the count of Tripoli as uterine sister of Foulques King of Jerusalem and names her[355].� She claimed Jebail as her dower, but was eventually satisfied with Chastel Rouge and Arzghan[356].� She became Lady of Tarsus and Mamistra, in Cilician Armenia, in 1126[357].� "Cecilia comitissa" donated property for the souls of "domini mei Poncii comitis�et filii mei Raimundi comitis" to the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem by charter dated 1139[358].� m firstly (late 1106) TANCRED Prince of Tiberias, Regent of Antioch, son of ODO [Guillaume] �le Bon� Marquis & his wife Emma de Hauteville (-12 Dec 1112).� He succeeded in 1111 as Prince of Antioch.� m secondly (Tripoli 1112) PONS Count of Tripoli, son of BERTRAND Comte de Toulouse and Tripoli & his second wife H�lie de Bourgogne [Capet] ([1096]-executed near Mont P�lerin, near Tripoli Mar 1137).�

7. [EUSTACHIE de France ([1095/1100]-[1143]).� She and her husband are named by Kerrebrouck who cites no primary source on which the information is based[359].� Presumably this is based on Sainte-Marthe who states that �Eustache comtesse d�Estampes et de Corbeil, femme de Jean d�Estampes� is named �s�ur du Roy Louys le Gros� by �Jacques du Breuil religieux de sainct Germain des Prez les Paris�, adding that the latter records that she founded the abbey of �Hierre� [Kerrebrouck says �Yerres�[360]] where she was buried[361].� Sainte-Marthe also says that �c�est d�elle que semble parler Nangis disant que le Roy Philippe I eut de Bertrade de Montfort deux fils et une fille qu�il nomme Comtesse d�Etampes�.� �Nangis� has not been identified: the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis starts in 1113 during the reign of Louis VI King of France.� Eustachie is not named by P�re Anselme among the children of King Philippe I[362].� Could there be confusion with Eustachie, daughter of Ferry, whose second husband was Jean d�Etampes (see the document PARIS REGION NOBILITY - CORBEIL & ROCHEFORT)?.� m JEAN Seigneur d'Etampes et de Corbeil, son of ---.]

King Philippe had one [probably illegitimate] child [by an unknown mistress]:�

8. EUDES de France (-1096).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1096 of "Odo frater Ludovici Grossi de alia matre"[363].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[364], Eudes was the son of King Philippe & his first wife but this appears to be contradicted by Alberic.� According to Kerrebrouck[365], Eudes was the son of King Philippe's second marriage but there seems little time for a third child to have been born to Bertrade de Montfort during the first three years of her marriage.� It is more likely that Eudes was an illegitimate son of King Philippe.�

LOUIS THIBAUT de France, son of PHILIPPE I King of France & his first wife Bertha of Holland (Paris end 1081-Ch�teau Bethizy, near Paris 1 Aug 1137, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Orderic Vitalis names "Ludovicum-Tedbaldum et Constantiam" as the children of Philippe I King of France and his wife "Bertrandam, Florentii Frisiorum ducis filiam"[366].� The Historia Regum Francorum Monasterii Sancti Dionysii names "Ludovicum regem et filiam unam Constanciam" as children of "Philippus rex [et] uxorem sororem Roberti Flandrensis comitis"[367].� The difficulty of dating Louis�s birth is discussed fully by Luchaire, who opts for end 1081 as the most likely possibility[368].� Louis�s birth would be dated to [1077/78] if Suger is correct in recording that he was about sixty years old when he died[369].� The early 12th century Vita Sancti Arnulfi Bishop of Soissons by Hariulf records Louis�s birth in 1081[370].� This date is corroborated by the Chronicon S. Petri Catalaunensis which records that Louis was 26 years old when his father died in 1108[371].� His father installed him as Comte du Vexin, de Mantes et de Pontoise in 1092.� He lived away from court after the repudiation of his mother.� Associate-king 1098/1100, elected rex designatus by an assembly of nobles and bishops but not crowned[372].� His father transferred effective governing power to him in 1101, investing him as Comte de Vermandois between 1101 and 1105.� He succeeded his father in 1108 as LOUIS VI "le Gros" King of France.� According to Luchaire, the nickname "le Gros", while not contemporary, was first applied to him as early as the 12th century, including in a fragmentary manuscript which records that "Rex Francorum Ludovicus Grossus" built several churches in 1112[373].� He was consecrated 3 Aug 1108, at the Cathedral of Sainte-Croix, Orl�ans.� Suger's Vita Ludovici records his coronation at Orl�ans by "Senonensis archiepiscopus Daimbertus"[374].� In 1119, Louis VI took Cluny and all its dependent priories under his protection, acquiring in return the right to build castles on the abbey�s lands with the permission of the abbot of Cluny[375].� He transferred effective power to his son at Ch�teauneuf-sur-Loire 28 Oct 1135, due to ill health.� Suger's Vita Ludovici records the death of King Louis VI "Kal Aug" aged about sixty years old and his burial "ad ecclesiam sanctorum Martyrum"[376].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr�s records the death "Kal Aug" of "Ludovicus rex Francorum"[377].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Kal Aug" of "Ludovicus�Francorum rex"[378].�

Betrothed (1104, annulled Council of Troyes 23 May 1107 on grounds of consanguinity) to LUCIENNE de Rochefort, daughter of GUY [II] "le Rouge" de Rochefort Seigneur de Rochefort-en-Yvelines & his second wife Adelais de Cr�cy dame de Gournay-sur-Marne ([1090/95]-6 May, 1138 or after).�� This betrothal is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who calls her "Luciana", names her father and specifies that she later married "Guiscardo de Bello Loco"[379].� Suger's Vita Ludovici records the betrothal of "filius dominus Ludovicus" and "filiam Guidonis [comitis de Rupe Forti]" and their separation on grounds of consanguinity[380].� She married (after 23 May 1107) Guichard [IV] Seigneur de Beaujeu.� "Luciana soror Hugonis de Creciaco" donated "terrae sue�apud Agglias et Buxiacum" to Notre-Dame de Longpont, with the consent of Louis VII King of France, by charter dated to [1140], signed by "Hugone de Creciaco�Radulfo comite, Manasse de Turnomio�et Beatrix uxor eius"[381].�

m (Paris [25/30] Mar 1115) as her first husband, ADELAIDE de Maurienne, daughter of HUMBERT III "le Renforc�" Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie & his wife Gis�le de Bourgogne [Comt�] ([1092]-Montmartre 18 Nov 1154, bur Montmartre, �glise abbatiale de Saint-Pierre).� Her marriage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father and her four oldest sons[382]. The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Not� Parisienses records "filiam Humberti comitis Morienne" as wife of "Ludovicum regem Grossum"[383].� �The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "regina Alaydis�soror Amadei comitis Sabaudie" as wife of "Ludovici Grossi"[384].� She exercised considerable influence over her husband, playing an active part in the downfall of Etienne de Garlande, Chancellier de France.� After her son Louis succeeded in 1137, she conspired against Suger, Abb� de Saint-Denis, triggering a quarrel with her son.� She married secondly ([1138]) as his second wife, Mathieu Seigneur de Montmorency, Conn�table of France under King Louis VII, and retired to her lands at Compi�gne.� Her second marriage is confirmed by an undated charter which records a donation to the priory of Saint-Nicolas d�Acy, near Senlis made in the presence of "domin� Adel� regin� et domini Mathei mariti eius"[385].� She retired to the church of the Abbaye de Saint-Pierre at Montmartre, which she had founded, in 1153[386].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIV Kal Dec" of "Adelaidis regina"[387].�

Mistress (1): MARIE de Breuillet, daughter of [RENAUD de Breuillet & his wife ---].� Kerrebrouck names Marie de Breuillet as the mother of King Louis�s daughter Isabelle, citing an article by Dufour and adding that according to Depoin "Renaud de Breuillet pourrait bien �tre le grand-p�re maternel d�Isabelle"[388].� A charter dated to [1115/1118] records a donation of land "apud Soliniacum" made to Longpont Notre-Dame made by "Bernardus de Cabrosa", with the consent of "Ivisia uxore sua, Bernardo amborum filio, Helizabeth et Cecilia filiabus", and the later confirmation by "Maria�Reinaldi de Braiolo filia" in the presence of "Florentia uxore Rainaldi, Godefrido de Braiolo�"[389].� "Maria filia Rainaldi de Brayolo" confirmed the donation of "medietatem terre de Soliniaco" made by "Bernardus de Cabrosia", adding that "pater�eius" donated property with the consent of "eadem Maria�cum filiis suis Aymone et Nanterio", by undated charter, in the presence of "Florencia uxore Rainaldi, Maria filia eius, et filiis eius Aymone et Nanterio, Godefrido de Braiolo�", the document also recording the subsequent confirmation by "Rainaldus filius eiusdem Rainaldi"[390].�

King Louis VI & his wife had nine children:

1. PHILIPPE de France (29 Aug 1116-Paris 13 Oct 1131, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis[391]).� His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[392].� He was recognised as his father's successor at Senlis 19 Apr 1120, and thereafter named rex designatus.� He was consecrated associate-king 14 Apr 1129, at Reims.� Orderic Vitalis records that he died "after falling from his horse and being terribly battered"[393].� Suger's Vita Ludovici records the death of "regis Ludovici filius, floridus et am�nus puer, Philippus" while riding in the outskirts of Paris and his burial at Saint-Denis[394].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr�s records the death "II Id Oct" of "Philipus rex puer"[395].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Id Oct" of "Philippus puer Francorum rex"[396].�

2. LOUIS de France (1120-Paris, Palais Royal de la Cit� 18/19 Sep 1180, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Notre-Dame-de-Barbeaux near Fontainebleau, transferred 1817 to l'�glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[397].� He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother in 1131, was consecrated associate-king 25 Oct 1131, and succeeded his father in 1137 as LOUIS VII "le Jeune/le Pieux" King of France.�

-�� see below.�

3. HENRI de France ([1121/23]-13 Nov 1175, bur Reims).� His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[398].� He was tonsured in 1134.� Archdeacon of Orl�ans 1142.� He resigned from all his ecclesiastical posts 1146-47 to become a Cistercian monk at Clairvaux[399].� Elected Bishop of Beauvais 1148/49, consecrated 1150.� The Continuatio of Sigebert's Chronica from Anchin records the death in 1161 of "Samson Remorum archiepiscopus�, the succession of �Henricus Belvacensis episcopus frater Ludowici regis Francorum�, and the succession as bishop of Beauvais of �Bartholomeus Remensis �cclesie archidiaconus�[400].� ��Archbishop of Reims 1162.� The Continuatio of Sigebert's Chronica from Anchin records the death in 1161 of "Samson Remorum archiepiscopus�, the succession of �Henricus Belvacensis episcopus frater Ludowici regis Francorum�, and the succession as bishop of Beauvais of �Bartholomeus Remensis �cclesie archidiaconus�[401].� Robert of Torigny records the death in 1175 of "Henricus frater Lodovici regis Francorum archiepiscopus Remensis"[402].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Nov" of "Henricus archiepiscopus Remorum frater regis Francorum"[403].�

4. HUGUES de France ([1122]-young, maybe bur Paris, Saint-Victor).� His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[404].�

5. ROBERT de France ([1124/26]-Braine [10/12] Oct 1188, bur Braine, �glise abbatiale de Saint-Ived).� William of Tyre names him as brother of Louis VII King of France[405].� He was installed as ROBERT I "le Grand" Seigneur de Dreux in 1152.�

-�� COMTES de DREUX.�

6. PIERRE de France ([1126]-Palestine 10 Mar [1180/10 Apr 1183]).� William of Tyre names him as brother of Louis VII King of France, when recording his arrival in Palestine in 1179[406].� He succeeded as Seigneur de Courtenay, by right of his wife.� "Petrus regis frater et Curtiniacensis dominus" donated property to the abbey of Fontaine-Jean by charter dated 1170, with the support of "uxor mea Isabel et primogenitus meus Petrus"[407].� The necrology of La Cour-Dieu records the death �VI Id Mar� of �Petrus de Curtiniaco�[408].�

-�� SEIGNEURS de COURTENAY.��

7. CONSTANCE de France ([1128]-Reims 16 Aug after 1177).� The Genealogi� Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to the sister of King Louis as wife firstly of "Eustachieus comes Bolonie" and secondly of "comiti de Sancto Egidio", specifying that she had children by the latter, but does not name her[409].� The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Not� Parisienses names "filiam unam [Ludovicum regem Grossum] nomine Constantiam"[410].� �Her brother Louis VII arranged her first marriage to symbolise his support for Stephen King of England against his cousin Empress Matilda and her husband Geoffroy Comte d'Anjou.� William of Newburgh records the betrothal of Eustache, son of King Stephen, and "regi Francorum�sororem eius Constantiam"[411].� The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage in Feb [1140] of "regis Anglie Stephani�filius" and "Francorum regis sororem"[412].� The Chronicle of Gervase records the marriage "mense Februario 1140" of "Eustachius filius regis Stephani" and "sororem regis Francia Lodovici Constantiam"[413].� Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who specifies that she was sister of Louis VII King of France[414].� Her brother arranged her second marriage to cement his alliance with Toulouse against Henri d'Anjou Duke of Normandy [later Henry II King of England] who had just allied himself with Aragon.� Baudouin IV King of Jerusalem confirmed a sale of property, with the consent of "�Constanti� sorori regis Franci� et S. Egidii comitiss�", by charter dated [Sep/Dec] 1177[415].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Sep" of "Constantia filia Ludovici regis"[416].� m firstly (1140) EUSTACHE de Blois, son of STEPHEN King of England & his wife Mathilde Ctss de Boulogne ([1127-31]-Bury St Edmund�s 10 or 16 Aug 1153, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent).� He succeeded his mother in 1151 as EUSTACHE IV Comte de Boulogne.� m secondly (10 Aug 1154, separated 1166) RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse, son of ALPHONSE I Jourdain Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne, Marquis de Provence & his wife Faydide d�Uz�s (1134-Nimes Dec 1194, bur Notre Dame de N�mes).

8. PHILIPPE de France ([1132/33]-5 Sep 1161, bur Notre-Dame-de-Paris).� The Genealogi� Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "domnus Henricus Remensis archiepiscopus et Robertus comes de Barro et Petrus et Philippus clericus" as the brothers of King Louis[417].� He succeeded to the ecclesiastical positions resigned by his brother Henri 1146-47.� Elected Bishop of Paris in [1159], but he refused the nomination.� Robert of Torigny records the death in 1160 of "Philippus frater Ludovici regis Francorum, decanus Sancti Martini Turonensis"[418].� The necrology of Orl�ans Cathedral records the death �Non Sep� of �Philippus frater Regis Francie�[419], which, by process of elimination of the other brothers named Philippe of French kings, appears to refer to the brother of King Louis VII.�

9. child (-young, bur Paris, Saint Victor).� Kerrebrouck records this child and his burial, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[420].� He/she is not named by P�re Anselme among the children of King Louis VI[421].�

King Louis VI had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):�

10. ISABELLE (after [1101/04] before 1108-5 Aug, after 13 Apr 1175).� Louis VI King of France donated property to Chartres Saint-P�re when "filiam meam" married �Willelmo, Othmundi filio�, and now confirmed the donation, by charter dated 6 Jan 1118[422].� "Isabel de Calvo Monte" donated property to Chartres Saint-P�re by charter dated 1175 for the soul of "patris mei Lugdovici�regis Francorum�et�Willelmi filii Osmondi et Rainaldi de Braileic", with the consent of �filiorum meorum�, subscribed by "Lugdovici filii eius, Philippi clerici, Gasthonis militis, Baudrici militis, Hugonis militis, Osmundi militis"[423].� m ([1114/17]) GUILLAUME Seigneur de Chaumont, son of OSMOND Seigneur de Chaumont[-Guitry] & his wife --- ([-before 13 Apr 1175]).� "Guillelmus de Caluimonte" was son-in-law of Louis VI King of France according to Orderic Vitalis, who says that he was captured while trying to take the castle of Tilli�res in 1119 and ransomed for 200 marks of silver[424].� "Guillelmus filius Osmundi de Calvo Monte", who had married �filiam Ludovici regis�, donated property to Chartres Saint-P�re by charter dated 9 Apr 1119, which records "�Gaulterius de Monte Falconis, Haimo filius eius" as present[425].� The necrology of Saint-P�re-en-Vall�e records the death "Non Aug" of "Isabella nobilis matrona de Calvomonte"[426].�

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS VI King of France & his wife Ad�la�de de Maurienne [Savoie] (1120-Paris, Palais Royal de la Cit� 18/19 Sep 1180, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Notre-Dame-de-Barbeaux near Fontainebleau[427], transferred 1817 to l'�glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[428].� He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother in 1131.� Consecrated associate-king 25 Oct 1131, Notre-Dame de Reims, he received effective power from his father 28 Oct 1135, due to the latter's ill health.� He succeeded his father in 1137 as LOUIS VII "le Jeune/le Pieux" King of France.� Duke of Aquitaine, by right of his first wife, 8 Aug 1137 at Bordeaux.� He declared war against Thibaut IV Comte de Champagne, who was fighting Raoul Comte de Vermandois, laid siege to and captured Vitry, where he signed a peace treaty in 1143.� After the fall of Edessa in 1146, Pope Eugenius III addressed a bull to Louis VII 1 Dec 1145 urging a new crusade[429].� The king assembled his army at Metz 15 Jun 1147 and arrived in Constantinople 4 Oct 1147.� He left the government of France in the hands of Suger Abb� de Saint-Denis, his brother Henri Archbishop of Reims and his cousin Raoul Comte de Vermandois.� Although the crusade failed in its aim of capturing Damascus end-Jul 1148, Louis VII gained prestige as the first western king to lead a crusading army.� After leaving Palestine in Summer 1149, he landed in Calabria where he discussed launching a new crusade with Roger II King of Sicily and Pope Eugenius III aimed at taking vengeance on Byzantium, but the scheme was later dropped for lack of support from Konrad III King of Germany who had entered an alliance with Emperor Manuel I[430].� The king arrived back in Paris end-1149.� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1180 that �Ludovicus rex Francorum� was buried �aput abbatiam Barbel quam �dificavit�[431].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death "XV Kal Oct" of "rex Ludovicus pius" and his burial "abbatiam Cisterciensis ordinis de Sancto Portu�Barbel"[432].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Oct" of "Ludovicus rex"[433].�

m firstly (Bordeaux, Cathedral of Saint-Andr� 22 Jul 1137, annulled for reasons of consanguinity Ch�teau de Beaugency 21 Mar 1152) as her first husband, ELEONORE Dss of Aquitaine, daughter of GUILLAUME X Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME VIII Comte de Poitou] & his first wife El�onore de Ch�tellerault (Nieul-sur-Autize, Vend�e or Ch�teau de Belin, Guyenne or Palais d�Ombri�re, Bordeaux 1122-Abbaye de Fontevrault 1 Apr 1204, bur Abbaye de Fontevrault).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Alienor Guilielmi filia comits Pictavorum et Aquitanie ducis" as wife of "regi Francie Ludovico"[434].� She succeeded her father 9 Apr 1137 as Dss of Aquitaine Ctss de Saintonge, Ango�mois, Limousin, Auvergne, Bordeaux & Agen.� She left France with her husband in Jun 1147 on the Second Crusade[435].� She married secondly (Poitiers or Bordeaux Cathedral 18 May 1152) Henri Comte d'Anjou et du Maine Duke of Normandy, who succeeded in 1153 as Henry II King of England.� The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "XII Kal Apr" [1204] of "regina Alienor" and her burial "ad Fontem Ebraldi"[436].�

m secondly (Cathedral of Sainte Croix, Orl�ans ([Jan/Jul] 1154) Infanta do�a CONSTANZA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VII King of Castile and Le�n & his first wife Berenguela de Barcelona ([1138]-6 Oct 1160, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� This second marriage of King Louis is recorded by Matthew Paris, who calls her father "Aldefonsi regis Hispani� cuius regni caput civitas est Tholetum"[437].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Sancium et Fernandum, Elisabeth et Beatiam" as the children of "Aldefonsi Hispaniarum Regis" and his wife "Berengariam", specifying that "Elisabeth" (error for Constantia) married "Ludovico Regi Francorum"[438].� She was consecrated queen in 1154 at Orl�ans, �glise Sainte-Croix.� Robert of Torigny records the death in 1160 of "Constantia regina Franci�" while giving birth to a daughter[439].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1160 the death of �regina Francorum� in childbirth[440].� Ralph de Diceto�s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that �regina Francorum filia Athelfunsi imperatoris Hispaniarum� died while giving birth to a daughter who survived (�incolumi filia�)[441].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Non Oct" of "Constantia regina filia regis Hispanie"[442].�

m thirdly (Paris, Cathedral of Notre-Dame 13 Nov 1160) ALIX de Blois, daughter of THIBAUT IV �le Grand� Comte de Blois, Comte de Troyes/Champagne & his wife Mathilde von Sponheim [Carinthia] ([1140]-Paris 4 or 13 Jun 1206, bur Pontigny, Yonne, �glise de l'Abbaye cistercienne).� William of Tyre names her as "Ala filia Theobaldi senioris" when recording her marriage[443].� The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Alam sororem�Henrici comitis Campanensis" as the wife of "Ludovicus rex"[444].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Adela Francorum regina" as the youngest of the six daughters of "comes Campanie Theobaldus", and in a later passage names "filia comitis Theobaldi�Adala" as mother of the wife of Alexios Komnenos[445].� She was anointed queen after her marriage in Notre-Dame de Paris.� Regent of France for her son King Philippe II Jun-Dec 1191, during his absence abroad.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death "1206�Non Iun" of "Adela regina Francorum mater regis Philippi"[446].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Jun" of "Ala Francorum regina, mater Philippi regis"[447].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1206 of "la reine Ad�le, m�re de Philippe roi de France" at Paris and her burial "en Bourgogne, � Pontion"[448].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of the mistress of King Louis VII is not known.�

King Louis VII & his first wife had two children:

1. MARIE de France (1145-11 Mar 1198, bur Cathedral of Meaux, Seine-et-Marne).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mariam comitissam Trecensum et Aelidem comitissam Blesensem" as the two daughters of "regi Francie Ludovico" and his wife "Alienor Guilielmi filia comitis Pictavorum et Aquitanie ducis"[449].� Her parentage is confirmed by Matthew Paris, who specifies that she was the older sister and married the older brother "Henricus filius magni comitis Theodbaldi Flandrensis", although he does not give her name[450].� Regent of Champagne during the absence of her husband on Crusade 1179-1181, during the minority of her son Henri II 1181-1187, during the latter's absence on Crusade 1190-1197, and during the minority of her grandson Thibaut III 1197-1198.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1198 of "comitissa Maria Campaniensis"[451].� m (1164) HENRI I "le Lib�ral" Comte de Champagne, son of THIBAUT IV �le Grand� Comte de Blois & his wife Mathilde of Carinthia [Sponheim] (1126-Troyes 17 Mar 1181, bur Troyes, Saint-Etienne).

2. ALIX de France (1150-11 Sep after 1195).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mariam comitissam Trecensum et Aelidem comitissam Blesensem" as the two daughters of "regi Francie Ludovico" and his wife "Alienor Guilielmi filia comits Pictavorum et Aquitanie ducis"[452].� Her parentage is confirmed by Matthew Paris, who specifies that she was the younger sister and married the younger brother "Theodbaldus filius magni comitis Theodbaldi Flandrensis", although he does not give her name[453].� "Adelicia uxore mea�" consented to the donation by "Theobaldus comes Blesensis, Francie senesscalus" to H�tel-Dieu, Ch�teaudun by charter dated 1190[454].� The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "III Id Sep" of "Adelicia�Blesensium comitissa", stating that "cuius filius�comes Blesensis Ludovicus" donated property for her soul[455].� m (1164) as his second wife, THIBAUT V "le Bon" Comte de Blois et de Chartres, son of THIBAUT IV �le Grand� Comte de Blois, Comte de Troyes/Champagne & his wife Mathilde of Carinthia ([1130]-siege of Acre 1191, bur Abbaye de Pontigny).� Seneschal of France 1154-1191.�

King Louis VII & his second wife had two children:

3. MARGUERITE de France ([1157]-Acre shortly after 10 Sep 1197).� Robert of Torigny records arrangements for the betrothal in 1158 of "filium suum [Henrici regis] Henricum" and "filiam regis Francorum Margaritam"[456].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1158 that �...archdiaconus Cantuarensis...Thomas regis Cancellarius� arranged the betrothal of �Henricus primogenitus regis Anglorum� and �Margaritam filiam regis Francorum�, in a later passage recording the marriage of �filium regis Anglorum septennum� and �filiam regis Francorum triennem�[457].� Robert of Torigny records the betrothal "apud Novum Burgum" in 1160 of "Henrico filio Henrici regis Anglorum" and "Margarita filia Ludovici regis Francorum"[458].� Ctss de Vexin, with the Ch�teau de Gisors, as her dowry.� Ralph de Diceto�s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that �Henricus rex Angli�� arranged the betrothal of �Margaritam filiam regis Francorum�, who was living in his household, to �Henrico filio suo� with �castellum de Gisors� as dowry, it being agreed that she would be cared for by the Knights Templar until the marriage took place[459].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "reginam Margaretam Anglie et comitissam Aaliz" as childen of King Louis VII & his second wife[460].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1172 that �Rotro Rothomagensis archiepiscopus� consecrated �Margaritam filiam regis Francorum� as �reginam Angli��[461].� Matthew Paris records her coronation as queen 27 Aug 1172 at Winchester Abbey[462].� A genealogy written by Vilhelm Abbot of �belholt records that �Ingeburgis (matris Waldemari regis) soror, filia Izizlaui regis alia� married �regi Hungarie�, by whom she had �Bela modernum regem Hungarie� who married �sororem regis Francie�[463].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1186 that �Margarita soror regis Francorum� married �Bela regi Hungari��[464].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Margareta soror regis Philippi" as widow of "iunior Henricus rex Anglorum" and records her second marriage to "Hungarorum regi Bela"[465].� Her parentage and second marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 1194/95, reciting the consanguinity between Philippe II King of France and his second wife Ingebj�rg of Denmark on which their divorce was based, which records that �Bel� Regis Hungari�� married �sororem Philippi Regis Francorum�[466].� Her father-in-law arranged her second marriage so he could retain her dowry.� She left for Palestine after being widowed for the second time.� The Chronicle of Ernoul records the arrival of "une reine en Hongrie�veve sans hoir" at Tyre [in 1197] and her death eight days later, specifying that she was the sister of the mother of Henri Comte de Champagne King of Jerusalem and had been "feme�le jouene roi d'Englietere�et suer�le roi Phelippe de France"[467].� m firstly (contract Neubourg, Eure 1160, 21 Aug or 2 Nov 1172) HENRY of England, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife El�onore d�Aquitaine (Bermondsey Palace 28 Feb 1155-Ch�teau de Martel, Turenne 11 Jun 1183, bur Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou, later transferred to Rouen Cathedral).� He was crowned King of England in his father�s lifetime 14 Jun 1170 at Westminster Abbey, being styled Duke of Normandy, Comte d'Anjou et du Maine.� After this he was known as �the Young King�.� He was crowned again 27 Aug 1172 at Winchester Cathedral.� m secondly ([1185/86]) as his second wife, B�LA III King of Hungary, son of G�ZA II King of Hungary & his wife Ievfrosina Mstislavna of Kiev (1149-23 Apr 1196, bur Sz�kesfehervar, transferred to Coronation Church Budapest).�

4. ALIX [Adelaide] de France ([4 Oct] 1160-after Jan 1213).� Robert of Torigny records the death in 1160 of "Constantia regina Franci�" while giving birth to a daughter[468].� Ralph de Diceto�s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1160 that �regina Francorum filia Athelfunsi imperatoris Hispaniarum� died while giving birth to a daughter who survived (�incolumi filia�)[469].� The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records that King Louis VII had "aliam filiam de Constantia�Adelaidis", her mother dying while giving birth to her[470].� The Historia Gloriosi Regis Ludovici VII records that the king had "unam filiam de Constantia regina�Adelaidis", stating that her mother died in giving birth[471].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "reginam Margaretam Anglie et comitissam Aaliz" as childen of King Louis VII & his second wife, specifying that Alix married "Guilelmus comes de Pontivo"[472].� The De Rebus Hispani� of Rodericus Ximenes names "Adelodis" as the daughter of "Ludovico Regi Francorum" and his wife "Elisabeth" (error for Constantia), specifying that she married "Comitis de Pontivo"[473].� There is some confusion between this daughter and King Louis VII's supposed daughter Alix by his third wife (see below).� Roger of Hoveden records that the betrothal of King Louis's daughter to Richard of England was first proposed in 1161, when Richard's older brother Henry was betrothed to her sister Marguerite[474].� Chronologically, this can only refer to the king's daughter by his second marriage.� This appears to be confirmed by the Chronicle of Gervase which records the betrothal in 1169 of "Ricardus�filius regis Angl�" and "filiam regis Franci� quam habuit de filia regis Hispanorum"[475].� Ctss de Bourges 1174, as her dowry.� Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal "XI Kal Oct 1177" of "rex Anglie�Ricardus comes Pictavi� filius eius" and "regi Franci�filiam" as part of the peace agreement between the two kings[476].� It is assumed that this refers to the same daughter, although the primary source which confirms this beyond doubt has not yet been identified.� If this is correct, she was presumably the same daughter who later married the Comte de Ponthieu.� Until further information comes to light, it is assumed that Alix/Adelaide who was betrothed to Richard, and who later married the Comte de Ponthieu, was the daughter who was born in 1160, and that King Louis had no daughter of this name by his third marriage.� Alix was brought up in England after her betrothal.� Benedict of Peterborough records that the betrothal of "Alesia soror eius [Philippi regis Franci�]" and Richard was renewed in 1189, commenting that the king of England "in custodia habet"[477].� Richard refused the marriage after his accession to the throne.� Kerrebrouck states that King Richard arranged her betrothal to his younger brother John in early 1193[478], but the primary source which confirms this information has not been identified.� She returned to France in Aug 1195.� Ctss d'Eu, Dame d�Arques in 1195, as her dowry for her marriage.� "Willelmus comes Pontivi" granted rights to the commune of Marquienneterre, with the consent of "uxoris mee Aalidis filie Ludovici regis Francie", by charter dated 1199[479].� "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" donated property to the church of Saint Giosse, with the consent of "Marie filie mee et Aelis uxoris mee", by charter dated 1205[480].� "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli�et Aalais uxor mea comitissa Pontivi et Maria filia mea" granted concessions by charter dated 1207[481].� "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis, uxoris mee Ludovici regis filie et Marie filie mee", by charter dated Aug 1208[482].� "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to the commune of Maioc, with the consent of "Aalis, uxoris mee et Symonis de Bolonia, generis mei, et Marie filie mee, uxoris eius", by charter dated 1209[483].� "Willelmus comes Pontivi et Monstreoli" granted rights to the nuns of Moreaucourt, for his soul and that of "Aelidis, uxoris mee, filie Ludovici regis Francie", by charter dated Dec 1209[484].� "Willaume comte de Pontieu et de Montreuil" agreed a concession made by one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis sa femme et de Marie leur fille" by charter dated Nov 1211[485].� A charter dated Jan 1213 (New Style) confirms a grant of rights to the church of Sainte-Marie at Clairvaux by "Willelmus�Pontivi et Monstreoli comes et Aalis, uxor eius, filia pii regis Ludovici" agreed a concession made by one of his vassals, with the consent of "Aalis sa femme et de Marie leur fille"[486].� Betrothed (by peace treaty 30 Sep 1174, betrothed 21 Sep 1177) to RICHARD of England, son of HENRY II King of England & El�onore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 8 Sep 1157-Chalus 6 Apr 1199, bur Fontevrault Abbey).� He succeeded his father in 1189 as RICHARD I " C�ur-de-lion " King of England.� Betrothed (early 1193) to JOHN of England, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife El�onore Dss d'Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 Dec 1166 or 1167-Newark Castle, Lincolnshire 18/19 Oct 1216, bur Worcester Cathedral).� This betrothal appears to have taken place despite the fact that John was already married to his first wife at the time.� He succeeded his brother in 1199 as JOHN King of England.� m (contract Mantes, Yvelines 20 Aug 1195) GUILLAUME [II] �Talvas� Comte de Ponthieu et de Montreuil, son of JEAN [I] Comte de Ponthieu & his third wife B�atrix de Saint-Pol (after 1178-6 Oct 1221, bur Abbaye de Valloires, Somme).�

King Louis VII & his third wife had three children:

5. PHILIPPE de France (Ch�teau de Gonesse, Val d�Oise 21 Aug 1165-Mantes, Yvelines 14 Jul 1223, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� William of Tyre names him and records his parentage, specifying that he was his father's only son[487].� He was consecrated associate-king 1 Nov 1179, at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims.� He succeeded his father in 1180 as PHILIPPE II �Auguste� King of France.�

-�� see below.�

6. [ALIX de France ([1168/70]-).� According to Kerrebrouck[488], the daughter of King Louis VII who was betrothed to Richard of England and later married to Guillaume Comte de Ponthieu was the king's daughter by his third marriage born "vers 1170".� As demonstrated above, from a chronological point of view the daughter whose betrothal to Richard was first discussed in 1161 could only have been the younger daughter of the king's second marriage.� The sources cited above appear to indicate that this is the same daughter whose betrothal was later confirmed, and who later married the Comte de Ponthieu.� No primary source has so far been identified which confirms that she was the king's daughter by his third marriage.� Until further information comes to light, it is assumed that Alix/Adelaide was the daughter who was born in 1160, and that King Louis had no daughter of this name by his third marriage.� Since writing this paragraph, a book by Sommerard has been consulted which refers to the birth of the king�s daughter Alix, born to his third wife in 1168, whom he identifies as the betrothed of Richard of England, but he cites no primary source[489].]�

7. AGNES de France ([1171/72]-[1220 or after 1240]).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the daughter of King Louis VII & his third wife as "imperatricem Grecorum quam duxit Alexius filius Manuelis"[490].� Her birth is dated to 1171 by Sommerard, but he cites no primary source[491].� According to Niketas Choniates, she was 11 years old at the time of her second marriage (see below), which would place her birth in [1172].� William of Tyre records the marriage "in palatio domini Constantini senioris�Trullus" of "Manuele Constantinopoleos imperatore�filio�impuberi vix annorum tredecim Alexio" and "Francorum regis domini Ludovici filiam vix annorum octo Agnetem", dated to 1180 from the context[492].� Pope Alexander III wrote to Henri de France Archbishop of Reims, dated "XI Kal Mar" in 1171 or 1172, suggesting that "Ludovicus�Francorum Rex" betrothe "suam�filiam" to "filio Imperatoris Constantinopolitani" instead of what the Pope had heard was the proposal for a marriage to "filio persecutoris ecclesi�" (assumed to be a reference to Emperor Friedrich I)[493].� Bearing in mind that Agnes had only recently been born, Sommerard suggests that the document (which does not name the daughter in question) may have related either to "Alix, qui avait trois ans" or not to any specific daughter[494].� The idea of the Byzantine marriage prospered as the Chronicle of Ernoul records that "l�emper�rour Manuel" asked Philippe Count of Flanders, who had stopped in Constantinople on his return journey to Flanders, whether "li rois Loeis de France avoit nulle fille � marier" and proposed her betrothal "petite�et jouene" to "son fil�jouenes enfes", requesting the count to take the proposal to the French king[495].� Benedict of Peterborough records that "Lodovicus rex Francorum Agnetem filiam suam quam Ala regina Francorum�peperat" was sent to Constantinople in 1179 to marry "Alexio filio Manuelis imperatoris Constantinopolis"[496].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1179 that �Agnes filia Ludovici regis Francorum� married �Alexio Manuelis imperatoris filio�[497].� Benedict of Peterborough records the death of her first husband and her second marriage to his successor[498].� She adopted the name ANNA on her first marriage.� Niketas Choniates records that Andronikos married "Annam imperatoris Alexii sponsam, regis Francorum filiam", stating that she was only eleven years old[499].� Her third marriage is deduced from Villehardouin naming "Theodore Branas, a Greek who was married to the king of France's sister" when recording that Apros was restored to him in 1205[500].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that in 1193 "Livernas�prenominatus" lived with "sororem regis Francorum, imperatricem illam, quam habere debuit Alexius Manuelis filius" without marrying her, and in a later passage in 1205 that "Livernas", who had lived with "sororem regis Francorum, imperatricem�absque legalibus nuptiis", married her and married their daughter to "Nargaldo de Torceio, Guidonis de Dampetra consobrino"[501].� Robert de Clari records in Sep 1203 that "le sereur le roi de Franche" was alive and married to "li Vernas"[502].� The text also provides a clue to Alberic�s reference to "Livernas", indicating that it was the old French definite article combined with a corruption of the name "Branas".� No primary source has yet been identified which records when Agnes died.� According to Sommerard, she died in 1220, after the marriage of her daughter[503].� Kerrebrouck states that she died in 1240[504].� Neither of these authors cites the primary sources on which they base their statements.� m firstly (Constantinople [2 Mar] 1180) ALEXIOS Komnenos, son of Emperor MANUEL I & his second wife Marie of Antioch (Constantinople 10 Sep 1169-murdered 24 Sep 1183).� He succeeded his father 24 Sep 1180 as Emperor ALEXIOS II.� m secondly (1184) as his second wife, Emperor ANDRONIKOS I, son of ISAAKIOS Komnenos s�bastokrator & his wife Eirene --- ([1123/24]-murdered Constantinople 12 Sep 1185).� m thirdly (1204) THEODOROS Branas Duke of Adrianople, son of ALEXIOS Branas Komnenos pans�bastos & his wife Anna Komnena Vatatzina.

King Louis VII had [one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1)]:

8. [PHILIPPE de France (-[1161]).� Kerrebrouck names him as illegitimate son of King Louis but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[505].� Doyen of Saint-Martin at Tours.� Sainte-Marthe says that �Philippes bastard de France, doyen de l��glise de Saint Martin de Tours� died before his father, adding that �aucuns estiment qu�il fut esleu et nomm� Archevesque de Tours contre Engelbaud� and �que c�est luy auquel S. Bernard addresse son Epistre cent cinquante uniesme�[506]. P�re Anselme says that �on attribue au roy Louis le Jeune un fils naturel nomm� Philippe, doyen de S. Martin de Tours, mort avant son p�re�, adding that �on pr�tend que c�est � lui � qui saint Bernard adresse sa lettre 151�[507].� Anselme provides no information about the identity of �on� and his phrasing suggests little confidence in the accuracy of the attribution.]

PHILIPPE de France, son of LOUIS VII King of France & his third wife Alix de Champagne (Ch�teau de Gonesse, Val d�Oise 21 Aug 1165-Mantes, Yvelines 14 Jul 1223, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis[508]).� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1165 that �regina Francorum� gave birth to �filium...Philippum�[509].� William of Tyre names him and records his parentage, specifying that he was his father's only son[510].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1165 the birth "un des jours d'ao�t, jour de dimanche, dans l'octave de l'Assomption de sainte Marie" of "un fils�Philippe" to King Louis[511].� The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Philippum" as the son of "Ludovicus rex" and his wife Alix de Champagne[512].� He was consecrated associate-king 1 Nov 1179, Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims.� He succeeded his father in 1180 as PHILIPPE II �Auguste� King of France.� In 1183, following the death without a direct heir of Elisabeth de Vermandois (first wife of Philippe Count of Flanders), Philippe claimed her inheritance.� He conquered Chauny and Saint-Quentin in 1182, and under the Treaty of Boves in Jul 1185 took parts of Valois and Ami�nois.� He took Tournai from Flanders in 1187.� He left on the Third Crusade from V�zelay with Richard I King of England 4 Jul 1190, landing at Acre 20 Apr 1191.� He returned to France in early Aug 1191 soon after the final capitulation of Acre 12 Jul 1191[513].� After the death of Philippe Count of Flanders in 1191, Philippe took control of Artois and parts of Vermandois.� He was a candidate for the imperial throne in 1197, following the death of Emperor Heinrich IV.� He recaptured Normandy from John King of England in 1204.� He defeated the English/German/Flemish coalition at Bouvines 27 Jul 1214.� He took possession of Alen�on in Jan 1221, Clermont-en-Beauvaisis in 1218, Beaumont-sur-Oise in Apr 1223.� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "II Id Jul" of "domini Philippi regis Francie"[514].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1223 "� Mantes, la veille des ides de juillet" of King Philippe and his burial "dans le monast�re de Saint-Denis en France"[515].�

m firstly (Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinit�, Bapaume, Pas-de-Calais 28 Apr 1180) ISABELLE de Hainaut, daughter of BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut [BAUDOUIN VIII �le Courageux� Count of Flanders] & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders (23 Apr 1170-Paris 14/15 Mar 1190, bur Paris, Cathedral of Notre-Dame).� The Chronicon Hanoniense records the birth "mense Aprili 1170" of "filiam Elizabeth" to "Balduinus [et] Margharetam�Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[516].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1191 names "Elizabeth Francie reginam�Hyolenz uxorem Petri Autisiodorensis et Sibiliam domnam Bellioci uxorem Wichardi" as the three daughters of "Balduinus [Haynaco]"[517].� The Annales S. Benigni Divisionensis names the wife of Philippe II King of France as "Elisabeth regina que fuit soror Balduini comitis Flandrie", when recording the birth of their son Louis in 1187[518].� Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who also names her parents, although he incorrectly calls her "Margareta"[519].� This marriage was arranged by her maternal uncle Philippe Count of Flanders while he was adviser to Philippe II King of France in 1180 after the latter's accession, with Artois as her dowry[520].� Consecrated Queen of France 29 May 1180, Abbaye de Saint-Denis.� King Philippe planned to repudiate her in 1186, for lack of a male heir.� The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1189 of "Elisabeth Francorum regina" after giving birth to twins, specifying her burial "in eccleisa beat� Mari� Parisius"[521].� The Gestis Philippi II Augusti records the death "1189 Id Mar" of "Elysabeth regina uxor Philippi Francorum regis" and her burial "in ecclesiam beatissime virginis Marie Parisius"[522].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "II Id Mar" of "Isabel regina Francorum"[523].�

m secondly (Notre-Dame d�Amiens, Somme 14 Aug 1193, repudiated later that year, annulled Compi�gne 5 Nov 1193, annulment declared illegal 13 Mar 1195, remarried 1200) INGEBJ�RG of Denmark, daughter of VALDEMAR I King of Denmark & his wife Sofia --- (1174-Priory of Saint-Jean-en-l�Ile, near Corbeil, Essonne 29 Jul 1236, bur Saint Jean-en-l'Ile).� The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the marriage of King Philippe in 1193 and "sororem regis Daci�Ingelburgh" and his repudiation of her after the wedding[524].� The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the marriage of "Philippus [rex]" and "filiam�regis Dano", recording that he repudiated her after 8 days and imprisoned her[525].� She was known as ISAMBOUR in France.� She was consecrated Queen of France 15 Aug 1193, but during the ceremony King Philippe "by the devil's suggestion, began to be horrified, to tremble and turn pale at the sight of her"[526].� The chronicler William of Newburgh reported that the king's aversion to Isambour was reported to be due to the fetid smell of her breath or to some hidden deformity[527].� King Philippe disavowed her, imprisoned her at Cysoing and procured an annulment from prelates at the synod of Compi�gne, although this was not recognised by the Pope[528].� A charter dated 1193 records that Etienne Bishop of Tournai requested Guillaume Archbishop of Reims to protect "Reginam" who had sought protection in Cysoing abbey[529].� Protracted correspondence with successive Popes ensued, the dispute being complicated by the king's bigamous third marriage.� King Philippe's refusal to restore Isambour eventually resulted in Pope Innocent III's interdict on France 13 Jan 1200.� The king restored Isambour as queen from Apr 1213, although it is likely that the couple did not live together, Isambour living on her dower lands near Orl�ans[530].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1237 of "senior regina Francie�Guineburgis sive Indeburgis de Dacia" specifying that she was "domna Aurelianensis"[531].� The necrology of the Eglise Cath�drale de Paris records the death "IV Kal Aug" of "regina Ysenburgis�uxor regis Francorum Philippi"[532].�

m thirdly (bigamously 1 Jun 1196, repudiated 1200) AGNES von Andechs-Merano, daughter of BERTHOLD III Duke of Merano, Marchese of Istria, Graf von Andechs & his wife Agnes von Wettin ([1180]-Ch�teau de Poissy, Yvelines 18/19 Jul 1201, bur �glise abbatiale de Saint-Corentin, Rosay, near Mantes, Yvelines).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1196 of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie"[533].� The Gestis Philippi II Augusti records the marriage in Jun 1196 of "Philippus rex" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et Boemie marchionisque Hystrie"[534].� The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Agnes regina Francie�filia Pertoldi quondam ducis Meranie" when recording her death, in 1250 which is incorrect[535].� The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the third marriage of "Philippus [rex]" and "filiam Bertoldi ducis de Durenbon", recording that she died giving birth to her third child[536].� Her children were recognised as legitimate by Pope Innocent III 2 Nov 1201.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1201 of "mater�Philippus puer et Maria soror eius" and her burial "iuxta Melentam in ecclesie beati Corentini"[537].� The necrology of Diessen records the death "Kal Aug XIII" of "Chuniza Agnes regina Francie filia ducis Meranie Berhtoldi"[538].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIV Kal Aug" of "Agnes regina Francie"[539].�

Mistress (1): ---, a lady from Arras.� Kerrebrouck records that the mother of Pierre, son of King Philippe II, was "une dame d�Arras", citing the Chronique rim�e of Philippe Mouskes[540].�

King Philippe II & his first wife had three children:

1. LOUIS de France (Paris, Palais Royal 3 Sep 1187-Ch�teau de Montpensier-en-Auvergne 8 Nov 1226, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1187 that �Margarita regina Francorum� gave birth to �filium...Ludovicum�[541].� He succeeded his father in 1223 as LOUIS VIII "le Lion" King of France.�

-�� see below.�

2. twin son (Paris 15 Mar 1190-Paris 18 Mar 1190, bur Notre-Dame de Paris).� The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1189 of "Elisabeth Francorum regina" after giving birth to twins[542].�

3. twin son (Paris 15 Mar 1190-Paris 18 Mar 1190, bur Notre-Dame de Paris).� The Flandria Generosa records the death in 1189 of "Elisabeth Francorum regina" after giving birth to twins[543].�

King Philippe II & his third wife had two children:

4. MARIE de France (after 1197-15 Aug 1238, bur Louvain, �glise coll�giale de Saint Pierre).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "filium unum Philippum�et filiam unam Mariam" as children of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie", and in a later passage records their legitimation[544].� The primary sources which confirm her first betrothal has not yet been identified.� King Philippe II agreed the betrothal of �Marie sa fille� and �Artur. comte de Bretagne� by charter dated [14/30] Apr 1202[545].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1212 of "Philippe roi de France�Marie sa fille, veuve de Philippe comte de Namur" and "le duc de Brabant"[546].� The Annales Parchenses record the marriage in 1204 of "Heinricus dux Lotharingie" and "filiam regis Francie", naming her "Maria uxor Henrici ducis" in a later passage[547], although the date is incorrect.� The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that Marie was buried "Affligenii"[548].� Betrothed (1200) to ALEXANDER Prince of Scotland, son of WILLIAM I "the Lion" King of Scotland & his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont (Haddington, East Lothian 24 Aug 1198-Isle of Kerrara, Bay of Ohan 8 Jul 1249, bur Melrose Abbey, Roxburghshire).� He succeeded in 1214 as ALEXANDER II King of Scotland.� Betrothed ([14/30] Apr 1202) to ARTHUR I Duke of Brittany, son of GEOFFREY of England Duke of Brittany & his wife Constance Dss of Brittany (posthumously Nantes 29 Mar 1187-murdered Rouen or Cherbourg 3 Apr 1203, bur Notre Dame des Pr�s, Rouen or Abbaye de Bec, Normandy).� m firstly (contract Aug 1206) PHILIPPE I �le Noble� Marquis de Namur, son of BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut [BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders] & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders (Valenciennes Mar 1174-15 Oct 1212, bur Namur, Cathedral Saint-Aubin).� m secondly (Soissons, Aisne 22 Apr 1213) as his second wife, HENRI I "le Guerroyeur" Duke of Brabant, son of GODEFROI VII Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Duc de Louvain, Comte de Brabant & his first wife Margareta van Limburg (1165-K�ln 5 Sep 1235, bur Louvain, �glise coll�giale de Saint Pierre) (-5 Oct 1235).�

5. PHILIPPE "Hurepel" de France (Jul 1200-killed in a tournament Corbie, Somme 14 or 18 Jan 1234, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "filium unum Philippum�et filiam unam Mariam" as children of "Philippus [rex]" and "Mariam filiam ducis Meranie et marchionis Histrie", and in a later passage records their legitimation[549].� Comte de Boulogne et de Dammartin (by right of his wife) May 1210.� He was invested as Comte de Mortain et d�Aum�le in Feb 1223 by his father.� He was confirmed as Comte de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, de Mortain, et d'Aum�le in Feb 1224 by his brother King Louis VIII.� The Chronica Andrensis records the death in 1233 of "comes Boloniensis Philippus�regis Philippi filius" and his burial "apud Sanctum Dyonysium iuxta fratrem et patrem suum"[550].� The necrology of the abbey of Vauduisant records the death "XIV Kal Feb" of "Philippi comitis Bolonie"[551].� The necrology of La Cour-Dieu records the death �XV Kal Feb� of �Philippi comitis Bononi��[552].� m (contract Compi�gne, Oise Aug 1201, contract Saint-Germain-en-Laye May 1210, 1216) as her first husband, MATHILDE de Dammartin, daughter and heiress of RENAUD Comte de Dammartin [en-Go�le], de Mortain, de Varenne et d�Aum�le & his second wife Ida de Flandre Ctss de Boulogne (-[9 Oct 1261/8 Feb 1263]).� The Chronica Andrensis names "Mathilde�filia�Reinaldi quondam comitis Bolonie" as the wife of "Philippus frater Ludovici regis Gallie"[553].� She succeeded in 1223 as Ctss de Dammartin and in 1227 as Ctss de Boulogne.� She married secondly (1235, divorced 1253) as his first wife, Infante dom Afonso de Portugal, who later succeeded as Afonso III King of Portugal.� "Mahaud comitissa Bolonie et Clarimontis�et Johanne filie nostre" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Ho�lde, for the souls of "bone memorie Philippi condam comitis Bolonie et liberorum nostrorum", by charter dated Apr 1239[554].� Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1240 under which "Aufonsus filius regis Portigalis comes Bolonie et Matildis uxor sua comitissa Bolonie" confirmed a donation by "Johanni de Bello Monte domini regis cambellano et Ysabelli Buticularie uxori sue"[555].� A charter dated Nov 1242 records a declaration by "Mathildis comtissa Bolonie�cum�marito nostro Alfonso filio�regis Portugalie comiti Bolonie" relating to her testament and names "Gaucherus de Castellione et Johanna filia nostra uxor eiusdem, heredes nostri"[556].� The Chronicon Savigniacense records the death in 1258 (presumably O. S.) of "Matildis Comitissa Boloni�" and the reversion of her county to the king[557].� The Breve Chronicon Alcobacense records that "comitissa Bolonie" was still alive when "rex Dionisius" was born (9 Oct 1261, see below), but had died before the birth of his brother Afonso (8 Feb 1263, see below), and it was therefore claimed that Diniz was illegitimate but Afonso legitimate[558].� Philippe "Hurepel" & his wife had [two] children:

a) [AUBRY de Dammartin (1222-after 1284).� Kerrebrouck records his parentage and adds that he settled in England, presumably giving up his estates and titles in France in favour of his sister, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[559].� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Comte de Dammartin, de Clermont et d'Aum�le.� Could there be confusion with the complex difficulties associated with the reconstruction of the Dammartin family in England, shown in the document ENGLISH UNTITLED NOBILITY D-K?� Aubry is not named by P�re Anselme as the son of Philippe �Hurepel�[560].]�

b) JEANNE de Dammartin (1219-14 Jan 1252).� The Chronica Andrensis records that "comes Boloniensis Philippus" left "unicam filiam" when he died but does not name her[561].� The marriage contract between �Hues de Chastelon, cuens de Saint Pol et de Blois�Gauchier son neveu� and �madame la contesse de Bouloingne Mahaut�sa fylle Jehanne� is dated Dec 1236[562].� "Mahaud comitissa Bolonie et Clarimontis�et Johanne filie nostre" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Ho�lde, for the souls of "bone memorie Philippi condam comitis Bolonie et liberorum nostrorum", by charter dated Apr 1239[563].� A charter dated Nov 1242 records a declaration by "Mathildis comtissa Bolonie�cum�marito nostro Alfonso filio�regis Portugalie comiti Bolonie" relating to her testament and names "Gaucherus de Castellione et Johanna filia nostra uxor eiusdem, heredes nostri"[564].� Ctss de Clermont et d'Aum�le, Dame de Mortain et de Domfront.� m (contract Dec 1236, before 1241) GAUCHER de Ch�tillon Seigneur de Montjay, son of GUY [III] de Ch�tillon Comte de Saint-Pol & his wife Agn�s Dame de Donzy (-Munyat Abu Abdallah, Egypt 6 Apr 1251).�

6. child (b and d Jul 1201).� The Balduini Ninovensis Chronicon records the third marriage of "Philippus [rex]" and "filiam Bertoldi ducis de Durenbon", recording that his wife died giving birth to her third child[565].�

King Philippe II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

7. PIERRE [Charles] ([1205/09]-in a shipwreck off Damietta, Egypt 9 Oct 1249, bur Noyon Cathedral).� His parentage is confirmed by a letter of Pope Gregory IX dated 5 Jul 1240 in which he complained to the archbishop of Reims about the election of �P[etrum Carlotum], natum clare memorie -- regis Francie, subdiaconum nostrum� as bishop of Noyon[566].� Elected Bishop of Noyon 1240, Comte de Noyon.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1240 of �episcopus Noviomensis Nicholaus� and the election of �domnus Karolus regis patruus...Petrus� as his successor[567].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that the Pope suspended and later deposed �episcopus Noviomensis domnus Karolus� in 1241[568].� Chancellor of Charles d�Anjou King of Sicily.� Matthew Paris records the death in 1249 in a ship bound for Cyprus of "vir pr�clarus episcopus Noviomensis, comes Palatinus"[569].� Sainte-Marthe quotes his epitaph at Noyon cathedral which records the burial of �Pr�sul Petrus...quondam Francorum Philippo rege creatus� who �trans-mare...fuit...cum rege nepote� and died �anno bis sexcenteno quinquageno minus uno�[570].�

LOUIS de France, son of PHILIPPE II "Auguste" King of France & his first wife Isabelle de Hainaut Ctss d'Artois (Paris, Palais Royal 3 Sep 1187-Ch�teau de Montpensier-en-Auvergne 8 Nov 1226, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1187 that �Margarita regina Francorum� gave birth to �filium...Ludovicum�[571].� He received Artois, the inheritance of his mother, 1209 but never bore the title Comte d'Artois.� He was offered the throne of England in Autumn 1215 by the English barons who deposed King John.� He boarded ship for England 21 May 1216, arriving in London 2 Jun 1216.� He soon controlled south-east England, but when King John died 19 Oct 1216 the barons recognised the latter�s son Henry III as rightful king of England.� Louis continued the war, but his army was defeated at Lincoln 20 May 1217, his fleet in Aug 1217.� He negotiated a settlement with the English regents, and returned to France.� He succeeded his father in 1223 as LOUIS VIII "le Lion" King of France.� He was consecrated 6 Aug 1223, at Notre-Dame de Reims.� Amaury de Montfort ceded the rights to the county of Toulouse and the duchy of Narbonne to Louis in Feb 1224.� The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathes �terram Attrebatesii�quam ex parte matris nostre Elysabet possidemus� to �filius noster secundus�, �comitatum Andegavie et Cenomannie� to �tercius filius noster�, �comitatum Pictavie et totam Alverniam� to �quartus filius noster�, and requests that �quintus filius noster�et omnes alii qui post eum nascentur� become �clericus�[572].� The Annales Sancti Nicasii Remenses record the death in 1226 of "rex Lugdovicus" while returning from Avignon which he had captured and whose walls and fortifications he had destroyed[573].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1226 "� Montpensier en Auvergne�� l'octave de la Toussaint" of King Louis, returning from his campaign against the Albigeois, and his burial at "Saint-Denis en France"[574].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "VI Id Nov" of "domini regis Ludovici defuncti in Montepanceto"[575].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VI Id Nov" of "Ludovicus rex Francorum, filius Philippi regis"[576].� The Annales Londonienses record the death "in Auvernia VI Id Nov" in 1226 of "Lodowicus rex Franci�"[577].� He died from dysentery.�

m (Church of Port-Mort, Eure, near Pont-Audemer, Normandy 23 May 1200) Infanta do�a BLANCA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO VIII �el Noble/�l de las Navas� King of Castile & his wife Eleanor of England (Palencia [1188/89]-Paris 26/27 Nov 1252, bur Notre-Dame de Maubuisson).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche Francie regina" as daughter of "filio�Sanctii rege", in a later passage recording the marriage in 1200 of "Ludovicus filius regis Francie" and "Blancham filiam Alphonsi regis Castelle neptem ex sorore regum Anglie Richardi et Iohannis"[578].� The dating clause of a charter dated 4 Mar 1190 (�era MCCXXVIII�), which records a donation to Arlanza, states �anno quo nata est Palentie infantissa Blanca de regina Alienor�[579].� Blanca�s birth in 1190 appears inconsistent with the birth of her brother Fernando 29 Nov 1189.� Fernando�s birth makes 1189 improbable as well, unless Blanca was born very early in the year.� �[1188/89]� seems the best estimation, which is consistent with her having reached the age of 12 on her marriage.� As part of continuing Anglo/French peace negotiations, John King of England gave Infanta Blanca (who was his niece) Issoudun and Gra�ay en Berry, le Vexin, Evreux and 20,000 marcs of silver as her dowry.� She was consecrated queen with her husband 6 Aug 1223.� Regent of France during the minority of her son King Louis IX 1226-1234, and also during his absence on crusade 1248 until her death.� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records the death in 1252 of "Blanche...reine de France" and her burial "� l�abe�e de Maubuisson"[580].� Her death is recorded by Matthew Paris[581].� The necrology of H�tel-Dieu at Provins records the death "IV Kal Dec" of "Blancha Francorum regina"[582].� The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Kal Dec" of "Blanche regina"[583].�

King Louis VIII & his wife had [twelve] children:

1. [daughter (1205-died young).� Kerrebrouck records the birth of this daughter, and her death soon after her birth, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[584].� Sainte-Marthe records that �[la] fille aisn�e du roy Louis VIII et de la roine Blanche� was born in 1205 before her brother Philippe but died �peu de temps apres sa naissance�[585].� P�re Anselme notes �[une] fille n�e en 1205 et mourut jeune� without citing any primary source on which he bases this information[586].]�

2. PHILIPPE de France (7 Sep 1209-1218, before Jul, bur Notre-Dame de Paris).� �Herveus comes Nivernensis� confirmed the franchises granted by �Ludovicus...regis Franci� primogenitus� in �terra...Montismirabilis, Aloye, Bracote, Autoin, Basochie et Froseii�, granted as dower to �filie nostre Agneti cum primogenito dicti Ludovici Philippo in maritagium�, by charter dated Jul 1218[587].� Betrothed (contract Melun Jul 1215) to AGNES de Nevers, daughter and heiress of HERVE [IV] Comte de Nevers Seigneur de Donzy & his wife Mathilde de Courtenay Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre (-1225).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "comiti Herveo Nivernensi�filia" was betrothed to "Philippo primogenitor domni Ludovici", and that after he died she married "Guido primogenitus Galtheri de Sancti Paolo"[588].� �Herveus comes Nivernensis� confirmed the franchises granted by �Ludovicus...regis Franci� primogenitus� in �terra...Montismirabilis, Aloye, Bracote, Autoin, Basochie et Froseii�, granted as dower to �filie nostre Agneti cum primogenito dicti Ludovici Philippo in maritagium�, by charter dated Jul 1218[589].�

3. --- de France (Lorrez-le-Bocage en G�tinais, Seine-et-Marne 26 Jan 1213-died young, bur Notre-Dame de Poissy).� Twin with his brother.� The Chronicon Bernardi Iterii records the birth of two twins "in festo sancti Policarpi � Lorre" in 1212 to "uxor Ludovici regis junioris"[590].� The primary source which confirms his name has not yet been identified.�

4. --- de France (Lorrez-le-Bocage en G�tinais, Seine-et-Marne 26 Jan 1213-died young, bur Notre-Dame de Poissy).� Twin with his brother.� The Chronicon Bernardi Iterii records the birth of two twins "in festo sancti Policarpi � Lorre" in 1212 to "uxor Ludovici regis junioris"[591].� The primary source which confirms his name has not yet been identified.�

5. LOUIS de France (Ch�teau de Poissy, Yvelines 25 Apr 1214-Tunis 25 Aug 1270, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[592].� He succeeded his father in 1226 as LOUIS IX King of France.�

-�� see below.�

6. ROBERT de France (Sep 1216-killed in battle Mansurah, Egypt 9 Feb 1250).� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[593].� Matthew Paris names him "Robertus comes Atrabatensis regis frater" when he records his death[594].� The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathes �terram Attrebatesii�quam ex parte matris nostre Elysabet possidemus� to �filius noster secundus�[595].� He was installed as Comte d'Artois 7 Jun 1237.�

-�� COMTES d�ARTOIS.��

7. ALPHONSE de France (11 Nov 1220-Castle of Corneto, near Siena 21 Aug 1271, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[596].� The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathed �comitatum Andegavie et Cenomannie� to �tercius filius noster� and �comitatum Pictavie et totam Alverniam� to �quartus filius noster�[597].� Assuming that the order of birth of Alphonse and Jean is correctly recorded in the Chronicon Turonense, this testament indicates that Anjou and Maine were originally destined for Alphonse not Jean.� He is recorded as brother of Louis IX King of France by Matthew Paris, who states that the king sent him home with his brother Charles after the battle of Mansurah in 1250[598].� He was invested as Comte de Poitiers et d�Auvergne by his brother King Louis 24 Jun 1241.� During King Louis IX�s absence on crusade, Alphonse at first remained in France to assist their mother the regent.� He left on crusade with his wife from Aigues-Mortes 26 Aug 1249.� He was captured with the King 5 Apr 1250 at Mansurah.� He succeeded as Comte de Toulouse by right of his wife in 1249 during his absence abroad.� He took possession of Toulouse in Oct 1250, making his official entry 23 May 1251.� Ga�l Chenard discusses his succession to the county of Toulouse[599].� Following the death of his mother in 1252, he took an active part in governing France (with his brother Charles Comte d�Anjou), taking charge in particular of foreign affairs and military operations.� Matthew Paris records in 1252 that he suffered from an incurable disease[600].� The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XIII Kal Sep" of "Alfonsus quondam Pictavie et Tholose comes frater quondam regum�Ludovici�et Karoli regis Cicilie"[601].� A "Chronique en Languedocien, tir�e du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death in 1271 of "Alfonsus comes Tholosanus filius regis Francie" at "Savonam feria VI"[602].� Betrothed (by treaty Vend�me Mar 1227) to ISABELLE de Lusignan, daughter of HUGUES [XI] �le Brun� Comte de la Marche & his wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoul�me (-14 Jan 1300).� She was betrothed to Alphonse de France under the treaty of Vend�me in Mar 1227[603].� m (by treaty 1229, 13 Mar 1234 or 1241) JEANNE de Toulouse, daughter and heiress of RAIMOND VII Comte de Toulouse & his first wife Infanta do�a Sancha de Arag�n (1220-Castle of Corneto, near Siena 25 Aug 1271, bur Notre-Dame de Gercy, Brie).� The Papal dispensation for the marriage of "L. regem Francorum...A. frater." and "R. filium quondam comitis Tolosani...filia" because of their 3^o and 4^o consanguinity is dated 26 Jun 1228, with a related licence dated Jun 1229[604].� Another dispensation is dated 27 May 1236, confirming the earlier dispensation for 3^o and for another newly discovered 4^o consanguinity[605].� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "la fille du comte�Jeanne" was 9 years old in 1229[606].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage of "alter regis frater Alphonsus" and "filia Raymundi comitis Tolosani", but does not name her[607].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1241 the marriage of "Saint Louis roi de France�Alphonse son fr�re" and "Jeanne fille du comte de Toulouse", together with "la terre d'Auvergne, du Poitou, et les terres des Albigeois"[608].� She succeeded her father 27 Sep 1249 as Ctss de Toulouse.� A "Chronique en Languedocien, tir�e du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death in 1271 of "domina Johanna comitissa Tholose, uxor supradicti comitis" (immediately following the record of the death of her husband) at "Savonam...feria 2"[609].� The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse dated 22 Jun 1270 provided bequests to "domin� Mari� consanguin� nostr�", widow of "domini Othonis quondam vicecomitis Leomani�" and now "uxoris domini Archambaudi comitis Petragoricensis", to two of Marie's brothers Guillaume and Bernard, and to Gaillarde de Toulouse, daughter of her first cousin Bertrand de Toulouse Vicomte de Bruniquel[610].�

8. JEAN de France (-1232, bur Notre-Dame de Poissy).� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[611].� The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 bequeathes �comitatum Andegavie et Cenomannie� to �tercius filius noster� and �comitatum Pictavie et totam Alverniam� to �quartus filius noster�[612].� Assuming that the order of birth of Alphonse and Jean is correctly recorded in the Chronicon Turonense, this testament indicates that Anjou and Maine were originally destined for Alphonse not Jean.� Comte d'Anjou et du Maine.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1232 of "duo de fratribus regie Francie, Iohannes et Dagobertus"[613].� Betrothed (Mar 1227) to YOLANDE de Bretagne, daughter of PIERRE Duke of Brittany & his first wife Alix de Thouars (in Brittany end 1218-ch�teau de Bouteville 10 Oct 1272, bur Villeneuve-les-Nantes, �glise abbatiale de Notre Dame).� The Chronicon Turonense records the betrothal of "Rex Franci� Joannem fratrem suum, puerum octennem" and "fili� Petri Comitis Britanni�", and the grant of the county of Anjou to him[614].� The marriage contract between �P. dux Britannie, comes Richemondie�Yolendi filie mee� and �Ludovicus, rex Francorum�Johannem fratrem suum� is dated 27 Mar [1226/27][615].� The Annals of Dunstable record the betrothal of �filiam comitis Britanni�� and �rex Franci�fratri suo minori�, who received the county of Anjou, in 1227[616].�

9. PHILIPPE de France dit DAGOBERT (20 Feb 1222-1234, bur Abbaye de Royaumont, Asni�res-sur-Oise, transferred to Saint-Denis 1817).� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[617].� The testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 requests that �quintus filius noster�et omnes alii qui post eum nascentur� become �clericus�[618].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1232 of "duo de fratribus regie Francie, Iohannes et Dagobertus"[619].�

10. ISABELLE de France (Mar 1224-Clarrisian Abbey at Longchamps 23 Feb 1270, bur Convent de l�Humilit� Notre-Dame).� The Chronicon Turonense records the birth in 1224 "mense martio" of "Isabellis, filia Ludovici Regis Franci�"[620].� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[621].� The contract of marriage between �I�regina Anglie et comitissa Marchie et Engolismi�Hugone filio nostro primogenito� and �Ludovicem�regem Francie�Elysabet sorore domini regis� is dated Jun 1230[622].� After refusing the hand of Konrad, son of Emperor Friedrich II, she took a vow of chastity, although she never became a nun.� She founded the Clarrisian Abbey at Longchamps 1255.� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "domina Ysabelli...sorore sancti regis Franci� Ludovici" founded "c�nobium sororum Minorum juxta sanctum Clodoaldum supra Secanam" in 1259[623].� Pope Leon X beatified her 1521.� Betrothed (by treaty of Vend�me Mar 1227, contract Jun 1230) to HUGUES [XII] de la Marche, son of HUGUES [XI] "le Brun" de Lusignan Seigneur de Lusignan, Comte de La Marche et d'Angoul�me & his wife Isabelle Ctss d�Angoul�me ([1221]-Damietta Apr 1250, bur Abbaye de la Couronne, Charente).� He succeeded his father in 1248 as Seigneur de Lusignan, Comte de la Marche et d'Angoul�me.�

11. ETIENNE de France ([Paris] end 1225-early 1227, bur Abbaye de Royaumont, Asni�res-sur-Oise).� The Chronicon Turonense records the birth in 1225 (at the end of the text dealing with events in that year) of "Stephanus, Ludovici Regis Francorum filius" and his baptism in Paris[624].� He must have been born after the testament of Louis VIII King of France dated Jun 1225 which only names five (surviving) sons[625].� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[626].�

12. CHARLES de France (posthumously [21] Mar 1227-Foggia 7 Jan 1285, bur Naples, Cathedral of San Gennaro).� His brother Louis IX King of France installed him as Comte d'Anjou et du Maine, at Melun in Aug 1246.� He is recorded as brother of Louis IX King of France by Matthew Paris, who states that the king sent him home with his brother Alphonse after the battle of Mansurah in 1250[627].� Marquis de Provence and Comte de Forcalquier 1246, in right of his wife.� Created Comte d'Anjou et du Maine Aug 1246.� He was invested as CHARLES I King of Sicily in 1265.��

-�� KINGS of SICILY.�

LOUIS de France, son of LOUIS VIII King of France & his wife Infanta do�a Blanca de Castilla (Ch�teau de Poissy, Yvelines 25 Apr 1214- Tunis 25 Aug 1270, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronicon Turonense records that King Louis left six sons (in order) "Ludovicum primogenitum, Robertum, Amfulsum, Johannem, Dagobertum id est Philippum, et Stephanum" and one daughter "Isabellam" when he died[628].� He succeeded his father in 1226 as LOUIS IX King of France.� Consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 29 Nov 1226.� He left on crusade from Aigues-Mortes 25 Aug 1248, landing first at Limassol, Cyprus, then in Egypt in May 1249[629].� His forces captured Damietta in Jun 1249, but King Louis was captured at Fariskur 6 Apr 1250, freed 6 May against the cession of Damietta[630], after which he sailed for Acre and was accepted as de facto ruler of the kingdom of Jerusalem[631].� He left Acre 24 Apr 1254 and arrived in France 10 Jul 1254[632].� He died from dysentery after capturing Tunis, at the start of another crusade.� He was canonised by Pope Boniface VIII 11 Aug 1297, feast day 25 Aug.�

m (Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens, Yonne 27 May 1234) MARGUERITE de Provence, daughter of RAIMOND BERENGER V Comte de Provence & his wife B�atrice de Savoie (St Maime near Forcalquier Spring 1221-Paris, Abbaye de St Marcel 21 Dec 1295, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Vincentii Bellovacensis Memoriale Omnium Temporum records the marriage in 1233 of King Louis IX and "comitis Provincie filiam�Margaretam"[633].� "R Berengarii�comes et marchio Provincie et comes Folcalquerii" made arrangements for the dowry of "filie nostre Margarite" by charter dated 17 May 1234[634].� Consecrated Queen 28 May 1234, Cathedral of St Etienne, Sens.� The testament of "Beatricis relict� Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinci�", dated 14 Jan 1264, confirms her previous testaments appointing "Reginarum filiarum suarum Margareth� Franci� et Alienor� Angli�" as her heirs[635].� After disputing the succession of her youngest sister B�atrice to the county of Provence, she renounced her rights in 1287 and received Beaufort and Baug�.� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Paris in 1295 of "regina Franci� Margareta" and her burial "in ecclesia sancti Dionysii in Francia juxta regem sanctissimum Ludovicum conjugem suum", adding that she had retired to "Parisius apud sanctum Marcellum c�nobium sororum minorum"[636].�

King Louis IX & his wife had eleven children:

1. BLANCHE de France (12 Jul or 4 Dec 1240-29 Apr 1243, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Royaumont, transferred 1820 to Saint-Denis).� The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in Translatione sancti Benedicti" in 1240 of "Blanca primogenita Ludovici regis"[637].� Her birth is recorded in 1240 by Matthew Paris, although he does not name her or give her precise date of birth[638].�

2. ISABELLE de France (2 or 18 Mar 1242-Hy�res near Marseille 27 Apr 1271, bur Provins, �glise des Cordeliers).� The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "die Martis" in 1241 (O.S.) of "Ysabella filia Ludovici regis"[639].� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the first child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was a daughter who married "au roi de Navarre", and in a later passage records her marriage in 1255[640].� She died on returning from the crusade in Tunis.� The "Cor�nicas" Navarras record the death "XV Kal Mai�apud Yeras" in 1271 of "Helisabet�regina Navarre et comitissa Campanie atque Brie" and her burial "in monasterio�Barra"[641].� The necrology of Saint-Etienne, Troyes records the death "22 Apr" of "Ysabellis quondam regine Navarre�regis Francorum filia"[642].� m (Melun, Seine-et-Marne 6 Apr 1258) TEOBALDO II King of Navarre [THIBAUT V Comte de Champagne], son of TEOBALDO I King of Navarre [THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne] & his third wife Marguerite de Bourbon (1239-Trapani, Sicily 4 Dec 1270, bur Provins, �glise des Cordeliers).�

3. LOUIS de France (21 Sep 1243 or 24 Feb 1244-Paris 11 Jan or [2 Feb] 1260, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Royaumont, transferred to Saint-Denis 1817).� The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in festo sancti Matth�i Apostoli" in 1243 of "Ludovicus primogenitus Ludovici regis"[643].� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the second child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "un fuiz...Looys", adding that he died and was buried "� Roiaumont"[644].� The Speculum historiali of Vincent de Beauvais records the birth in 1243 of "Ludovicus filiorum...Ludovici regis Franci� primogenitus"[645].� He exercised power nominally during his father�s absence, from his grandmother�s death until Jul 1254.� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Id Jan" of "Ludovici primogeniti beati Ludovici regis"[646].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1259 of "Louis fils ain� de saint Louis roi de France" and his burial "dans le monast�re de Montr�al, couvent de l'ordre de C�teaux"[647].� The Flores historiarum of Adam of Clermont records the death "circa Purificationis Beat� Virginis" in 1259 [presumably O.S.] of "Ludovicus primogenitus"[648].� Betrothed (Paris 20 Aug 1255) to Infanta do�a BERENGUELA de Castilla, daughter of ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife Infante do�a Violante de Arag�n (Seville [10 Oct/25 Nov] 1253-Guadalajara, convent of Santa Clara de Toro 1300, bur Santo Domingo el Real de Madrid).� This betrothal is recorded by Matthew Paris, although he does not give her name[649].� She was recognised as her father�s successor 5 May 1255, in default of male heirs, until the birth of her brother 23 Oct 1255.� Installed as Se�ora de Guadalajara by her father.� She founded the convent of Santa Clara de Toro at Guadalajara.� A nun at Las Huelgas.�

4. PHILIPPE de France (Poissy, Yvelines 1 May 1245-Perpignan 5 Oct 1285, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1245 "le premier mai, � la f�te des ap�tres Jacques et Philippe" of Philippe, son of Louis IX King of France[650].� Heir to the throne in 1260 on the death of his older brother.� He succeeded his father in 1270 as PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France.�

-�� see below. �

5. JEAN de France ([1246/47]-10 Mar 1248, bur Abbaye de Royaumont, transferred 1820 to Saint-Denis).� Kerrebrouck quotes the monumental inscription which records the burial of "Johannes�Lud[ovici regis Francorum filius]" who died "VI Id Mar" 1247 (O.S.)[651].�

6. JEAN �Tristan� de France (Damietta, Egypt 8 Apr 1250-Tunis [2/3] Aug 1270, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the fourth child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "Jehan qui fu nommez Tritrem et fu quens de Nevers"[652].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1250 at Damietta of Jean, whom his mother Marguerite "fit surnommer Tristan, � cause de la tristesse qu'elle ressentit de la captivit� de son mari et de ses fr�res, et des malheurs du people chr�tien"[653].� Comte de Nevers 1265 by right of his wife.� He claimed to inherit the counties of Auxerre and Tonnerre on the death of his father-in-law.� Comte de Valois et de Cr�py in Mar 1268.� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Aug 1270 "apud Carthaginem" of "regis Franci� filium Johannem comitem Nivernensium"[654].� He died of dysentery on crusade in Tunis.� The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "IV Non Aug" of "Jehan jadis comte de Nevers"[655].� The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "III Non Aug" of "Johannes comes Nivernensis"[656].� m (contract Vincennes 8 Jun 1258, contract Saint-Germain-en-Laye Jan 1265, Jun 1265) as her first husband, YOLANDE de Bourgogne, daughter of EUDES de Bourgogne [Capet] Comte de Nevers, d�Auxerre et de Tonnerre & his wife Mathilde de Bourbon Dame de Bourbon Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre ([1248/49]-2 Jun 1280, bur Nevers, �glise Saint-Fran�ois).� The marriage contract between �Oedes fiuz le Duc de Bourgongne, cuens de Nevers et sires de Bourbon...Yolent nostre ainzn�e fille� and �Loys...roi de France...monseigneur Iehan son fil� is dated 8 Jun 1258[657].� The marriage contract between �Louis roi de France...Jean de France son fils� and �Yoland fille de Eudes comte de Nevers� is dated Jan 1265[658].� On the death of her mother in 1262, she claimed to succeed to the counties of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre as the eldest daughter, but they were split between the three sisters by arr�t du parlement 1 Nov 1273, under which Yolande became Ctss de Nevers.� Hugues IV Duke of Burgundy, in light of dispute between �Ioannem filium...Ludovici Franc. regis et...neptem nostram Yolendim eius uxorem, filiam primogeniti filii nostri Odonis�, and himself, ordered that Yolande be returned to her father until her husband was 21 years old by charter dated May 1266[659].� The Genealogia Comitum Flandri� names "Yolendem filiam Odonis comitis Nivernensis et viduam Iohannis filii Ludovici regis Francie" as second wife of "Robertus primogenitus Guidonis", specifying that he obtained the county of Nevers by this marriage[660].� The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon names "Yolandem filiam Odonis comites Nivernensis et viduam Iohannis filii Ludovici�regis Francie" as [second] wife of "Robertus primogenitus Guidonis et Mathilde"[661].� She married secondly (contract Auxerre Mar 1272) as his second wife, Robert III Comte de Flandres.

7. PIERRE de France ([1251]-Salerno 6 or 7 Apr 1284, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the fifth child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "Pierre...quens d�Alen�on" who married "la fille le conte de Blois"[662].� His parentage is confirmed by the Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis which records the marriage in 1272 of "comes Alensonis Petrus frater Philippi regis Franci�" and "Johannam filiam Johannis comitis Blesensis"[663].� He was invested by his father in Mar 1269 as Comte d'Alen�on et du Perche, Seigneur de Mortagne et de Bell�me.� He entered into possession of his lands on return from crusade in Dec 1271.� Comte de Blois et de Chartres, by right of his wife.� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "VII Id Apr" of "domini Petri quondam comitis Alen�onii filii quondam regis Francie"[664].� An anonymous Chronicon of Saint-Marcial records the death in Apulia of "comes de Lanso�nepos domini Karoli" in 1284[665].� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1284 "in Apuliam" of "comes Alansonis Petrus Philippi regis Franci� frater", the burial of his flesh and intestines "in abbatia Regalis montis Apuli� Cisterciensis ordinis" and the burial of his bones and heart "Parisius...apud fratres Pr�dicatores...apud Minores"[666].� m (by treaty Paris Feb 1263, 1272) JEANNE de Ch�tillon Ctss de Blois, de Chartres et de Dunois, daughter of JEAN [I] de Ch�tillon Comte de Blois & his wife Alix de Bretagne ([1253]-19 or 29 Jan 1291, bur Abbaye de Laguiche, near Blois).� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1272 of "comes Alensonis Petrus frater Philippi regis Franci�" and "Johannam filiam Johannis comitis Blesensis"[667].� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "uxor...eius Johanna Blesis comitissa" was childless after the death of "comes Alansonis Petrus Philippi regis Franci� frater" and that she lived "in sancta viduitate"[668].� She sold the county of Chartres to the crown 1286.� The necrology of Chartres records the death "IV Kal Feb" of "Joanna de Castellione comitissa Carnotensis vidua Petri de Francia comitis de Alen�onio filii Ludovici regis"[669].� A charter dated Jan 1295 records that �Johannis comitis Britannie� and �Hugonis de Castellione comitis Blesen.� agreed a division of territories following the deaths of �la contesse Jehane de Blois...sans hoir [...et du conte Pierre d�Alen�on son mary]...du conte Jehan de Bloys et de la contesse Aaliz notre seur sa femme�[670].� Comte Philippe & his wife had two children:

a) LOUIS d�Alen�on ([1272]-[1272/73], bur Abbaye de Royaumont, transferred 1791 to Saint-Denis).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.� P�re Anselme says that Louis died �� l��ge d�un an� and was buried �en l�abbaye de Royaumont, comme porte son �pitaphe plac�e sur son tombeau, o� se voit son effigie et celle de son fr�re�[671].� Kerrebrouck records that the tomb of Louis and Philippe is preserved "au mus�e de Cluny � Paris"[672].�

b) PHILIPPE d�Alen�on ([1274]-[1275], bur Abbaye de Royaumont, transferred 1791 to Saint-Denis).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.� P�re Anselme says that Philippe died �� 14 mois� and �est aussi mentionn� dans l��pitaphe de son fr�re�[673].� Kerrebrouck records that the tomb of Louis and Philippe is preserved "au mus�e de Cluny � Paris"[674].�

8. BLANCHE de France ([Jaffa early 1253]-Paris, Monast�re des Clarisses de l�Ave Maria, Faubourg Saint-Marcel 17 Jun 1320, bur Paris, Monast�re des Clarisses de l�Ave Maria, Faubourg Saint-Marcel).� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records the birth of "Blanche" second daughter of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence", after the birth of "Robert...quens de Clermont em Biauvoisin" [which is inconsistent with other sources], adding that she married "le roy d�Espaigne"[675].� Matthew Paris records the birth of King Louis's daughter in Palestine but does not name her[676].� The chronology of the family suggests that this daughter must have been Blanche, but this is not beyond all doubt.� The marriage contract between "Donum Fernandum primogenitum Domini�Alfonsi�Electi in Regem Romanorum necnon et Castell�, Toleti, Legionis, Galeci�, Sibil. Cordub. Murc. Giem. et Alguarb. Regis" and "Dominum Ludovicum�Regem Franci�dominam Blancham filiam suam" is dated 28 Sep 1266[677].� The Chronicon de Carde�a records the marriage �dia de Sant Andres� in 1269 of �Infant D. Ferrando con Do�a Blanca fija del Rey de Francia�[678].� She was imprisoned in Castile on the death of her husband, but returned to France in 1277 from where she attempted to have the rights of her son to the throne of Castile recognised.� The testament of "Philippes�Roy de France" is dated Dec 1285 and makes a bequest to "Blanche nostre suer", and also names "la Reine Isabelle jadis nostre demme"[679].� m (contract Saint-Germain-en-Laye 28 Sep 1266, Burgos 30 Nov 1268) Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla ��l de la Cerda�, son of ALFONSO X �el Sabio� King of Castile & his wife Infanta do�a Violanta de Arag�n (Valladolid 23 Oct 1255-Ciudad Real 25 Jul 1275, bur Las Huelgas de Burgos).

9. MARGUERITE de France ([early 1255]-Jul 1271, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the third daughter of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" married "au duc de Braibant" but did not live long[680].� Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was born after Blanche, but before her brother Robert.� The Genealogia Ducum Brabanti� Ampliata names "Margaretam filiam sancti Ludovici Regis Francie" as the first wife of "Iohannes dux Lothoringie et Brabantie" specifying that she had one son[681].� The primary source which confirms her first betrothal has not yet been identified.� The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Johannes primus�in ducatu Lotharingie et Brabancie" married "Margaretam, filiam Philippi regis Francorum", adding that she died in childbirth with her child[682].� Betrothed (1257) to HENRI de Brabant, son of HENRI III "le Pacifique/le D�bonnaire" Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (Louvain [1251/52]-after 29 Apr 1272).� This betrothal was terminated because of the imbecility of the fianc�.� He succeeded his father in 1261 as HENRI IV Duke of Brabant, but abdicated in 1267 in favour of his younger brother whom Marguerite later married.� m ([1270]) as his first wife, JEAN I �the Victorious� Duke of Brabant, son of HENRI III "le Pacifique/le D�bonnaire" Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (Brussels 1253-Antwerp 3 May 1294, bur Brussels Franciscan Church).

10. ROBERT de France (1256-7 Feb 1317, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the sixth child of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" was "Robert...quens de Clermont em Biauvoisin" who married "la fille au seigneur de Bourbon"[683].� His parentage is confirmed by the Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis which names "rex Franci� fratrem suum Robertum comitem Clarimontis"[684].� The Majus Chronicon Lemovicense records the birth in 1256 of "Robertus filius Ludovici...regis" and his betrothal to "filia vicecomitis Lemovicensis"[685].� He was created Comte de Clermont, Seigneur de Creil-sur-Oise et de Sassy-le-Grand in Mar 1269.� He received severe head injuries, which affected his reason for the rest of his life, during a tournament in Paris in 1279 in celebration of the arrival of Charles d'Anjou Prince of Salerno [later Charles II King of Sicily][686].� Seigneur de Bourbon 1287, by right of his wife.�

-�� COMTES de CLERMONT.�

11. AGNES de France ([1260]-Ch�teau de Lantenay, C�te d�Or 19 or 20 Dec 1325, bur Abbaye de C�teaux).� An anonymous chronicle of the kings of France, written [1286/1314], records that the fourth daughter of "li rois Loois...[et] Marguerite la fille au conte de Provence" married "au duc de Bourgoigne"[687].� She was regent of Burgundy during the minority of her son Duke Hugues from 1306 until 9 Nov 1311.� The necrology of C�teaux records the death "XIII Kal Jan" of "Agnes ducissa Burgundi� filia Ludovici regis Francorum"[688].� m (contract 20 Oct 1272, 1273) ROBERT II �Sans Terre� Duke of Burgundy, son of HUGUES IV Duke of Burgundy & his first wife Yolande de Dreux ([1245/50]-Vernon, Eure 21 Mar 1306, bur Abbaye de C�teaux).

PHILIPPE de France, son of LOUIS IX King of France & his wife Marguerite de Provence (Poissy, Yvelines 1 May 1245-Perpignan 5 Oct 1285, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in festo apostolorum Philippi et Jacobi" in 1245 of "Philippus filius Ludovici regis"[689].� The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1245 "le premier mai, � la f�te des ap�tres Jacques et Philippe" of Philippe, son of Louis IX King of France[690].� The Speculum historiali of Vincent de Beauvais records the birth in 1243 of "Ludovicus filiorum...Ludovici regis Franci� primogenitus" and the birth "anno sequenti" of "ei secundus filius...Philippus"[691].� Heir to the throne 1260 on the death of his older brother.� He succeeded his father in 1270 as PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France.� He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 15 Aug 1271.� He succeeded his uncle in Toulouse 1271.� He was a candidate for the imperial throne in 1273.� King Philippe III invaded Aragon in early 1285 and briefly captured Girona 7 Sep 1285.� The testament of "Philippes�Roy de France" is dated Dec 1285 and makes a bequest to "Blanche nostre suer", and also names "la Reine Isabelle jadis nostre demme"[692].� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1285 "apud Perpeigniacum" of "Philippus...rex Franci�", the burial of his flesh and intestines "apud Narbonam in majori ecclesia" and the burial of his heart "fratres Pr�dicatores Parisius...in sua...ecclesia"[693].� The necrology of the Leprosery at Sens records the death "VI Non Oct" of "Phylippus filius Ludovicus regi Francorum" at the castle of "Paripagniaus"[694].�

m firstly (by contract Corbeil, near Paris 11 May 1258, Clermont-en-Auvergne 6 Jul 1262) Infanta do�a ISABEL de Arag�n, daughter of JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his second wife Iolanda of Hungary (1243-Cosenza, Calabria 28 Jan 1271, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Cr�nica de San Juan de la Pe�a names "la primera�Violant�la otra Costancia�et Isabel�la quarta�Maria" as the four daughters of King Jaime and his second wife, stating that Isabel married "Phelip filio primogenito del Rey de Francia"[695].� The marriage contract between "Ludovicus�Francorum Rex�filium nostrum Philippum" and "Isabellam filiam�Jacobi�Regis Aragonum, Maioricarum et Valenti�, comitem Barchinonensem et Urgelli et dominum Montispessulani" is dated 11 May 1258 �apud Corbolium�[696]: Van Kerrebrouck records the place as �Corb�s pr�s Montpellier (H�rault)�[697]: �Corbolium� was Corbeil (now Corbeil-Essonnes, Essones), near Paris[698].�� The Flores historiarum of Adam of Clermont records the marriage "in civitate Claromontensi" in 1262 of "Philippus regis Franci� filius" and "filiam regis Aragonum...Ysabellam neptem beat� Helizabeth Teutonic�", adding that his father-in-law granted Philippe his property "in civitate Bituricensi, Carcassona et in di�cesi Mimatensi" in exchange for property "in comitatibus de Besaudu et Rossilionis et Cataloni�"[699].� The �Visitation� of Rigaud Archbishop of Rouen records �II Non Jul� 1262 that he conducted the marriage (�desponsavimus�) �in majori ecclesia dicti loci� (suggested in the edition consulted to be �Clari Montis�) of �dominum Philippum primogenitum domini regis Francorum� and �domicella Ysabelli filia...regis Aragonum�[700].� The Gesta Sancti Ludovici records �circa Pentecosten� 1262 the marriage �apud Claromontem in Avernia� of �Ludovicus rex Franci�...Philippo filio suo primogenito� and �Ysabellam filiam regis Aragoni��[701].� She died, 6 months pregnant, after a fall from a horse on returning from the crusade in Tunis.� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "V Kal Feb" of "dominis Ysabellis de Aragonis quondam Francie regine"[702].�

m secondly (contract Vincennes 21 Aug 1274) MARIE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI III Duke of Brabant & his wife Alix de Bourgogne [Capet] (Louvain ([1260]-Murel near Meulan 12 Jan 1322, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� The Genealogia Ducum Brabanti� Heredum Franci� names (in order) "Henricum�Iohannem�Godefridum�et Mariam" as the children of "Henricus�tertius dux" & his wife, specifying that Marie was later "regina Francie"[703].� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1274 "die Martis infra octavas Assumptionis beat� Mari�...apud Vincenas" of "Philippus rex Franci�" and "Mariam...filiam Henrici quondam ducis Brabanti� ex filia ducis Hugonis Burgundi� et sororem Joannis tunc Brabanti� ducis"[704].� She was consecrated Queen of France at Paris, Sainte Chapelle 24 Jun 1275.� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the consecration in 1275 "apud Parisius...in festo sancti Joannis Baptist�" of "Maria regina Franci�"[705].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1321 (O.S.) of "Maria quondam regina Franci�, orta de Brabanto et quondam ducis filia, uxor Philippi regis Franci� filii sancti Ludovici" and her burial "apud fratres Minores Parisius"[706].� The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "IV Id Jan" of "domina Maria de Brebencia quondam regina Francie uxor quondam Philippi regi Francie dicti le Hardi"[707].�

King Philippe III & his first wife had five children:

1. LOUIS de France (1263-of poisoning Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 1276 before May, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1276 of "Ludovicus primogenitus filius regis Franci� Philippi", allegedly poisoned, adding that it was rumoured that "regina Maria uxor regis" was responsible[708].� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1276 of "Ludovicus primogenitus regis Franci� Philippi" and his burial "in ecclesia sancti Dionysii in Francia"[709].�

2. PHILIPPE de France (Fontainebleau [8 Apr/Jun] 1268-Fontainebleau 29 Nov 1314, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis, his heart bur Priory of Poissy).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1268 of "Philippus filius Philippi primogeniti sancti regis Franci� Ludovici"[710].� He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother.� He succeeded 1284 by right of his wife as FELIPE I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne.� He succeeded his father in 1285 as PHILIPPE IV "le Bel" King of France.��

-�� see below.�

3. ROBERT de France (1269-1276, before May, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Kerrebrouck states that Robert was born in 1269[711].� Accounts for "le terme de l�Ascension 1276" records payment made to "Maria, nutrix deffuncti Roberti filii regis"[712].�

4. CHARLES de France (Vincennes 12 Mar 1270-Le Perray, Yvelines 16 Dec 1325, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in Quadragesima" in 1270 of "Carolus filius Philippi regis de prima uxore"[713].� Comte de Valois et d'Alen�on 1285.��

-�� see below, Chapter 2.� KINGS of FRANCE, HOUSE of VALOIS.�

5. child stillborn ([Cosenza] 28 Jan 1271).� The Grandes Chroniques de France record that �madame Ysabel, femme le roy� was �en�ainte et toute plaine d�enfant� when she fell from her horse[714].�

King Philippe III & his second wife had three children:

6. LOUIS de France (May 1276-H�tel d�Evreux, Paris 19 May 1319, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth in May 1276 of "Ludovicus filius Philippi regis de uxore secunda"[715].� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Ludovicum comitem Ebroici� civitatis, Margaretamque reginam Angli� ac Blancham ducissam Austri�" as the three children of King Philippe III and his second wife[716].� "Philippus�Francorum Rex" granted annual revenue to "fratri nostro Ludovico", by charter dated Apr 1307[717].� Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger (Beaumont-sur-Oise) 1284-1298.� Comte d�Evreux, de Meulan, de Gien et de Longueville 6 Oct 1298, confirmed Apr 1308.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "sabbato post Ascensionem Domini" in 1319 of "dominus Ludovicus comes Ebroicensis" and his burial "juxta uxorem suam in ecclesia fratrum Pr�dictorum Parisius"[718].� The Chronique Parisienne records the death in 1319 �le jour d�un vendredi aprez l�Ascencion Nostre Seigneur...� Longpont� of �Louys de France conte de la cit� d�Evreux, frere de Philippe le Beaux jadiz roy de France� and his burial �le mardy ensuivant...� Paris en l�eglise des Jacobins�[719].� The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "20 May" of "Ludovici comitis Ebroicensis"[720].� m (1301) MARGUERITE d�Artois dame de Brie-Comte-Robert, daughter of PHILIPPE d'Artois Seigneur de Conches & his wife Blanche de Bretagne (1285-23/24 Apr or 26 Oct 1311, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that one of the daughters of "Philippus filius Roberti comitis Attrebatensis" married "Ludovicus regis Franci� frater, comes Ebroicarum"[721].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1301 of "Ludovicus comes Ebroicensis frater regis Franci�" and "Margaretam filiam Philippi Roberti comitis Attrebatensis filii"[722].� Philippe IV King of France granted revenue to "consanguinea nostra Blancha...J. ducis Britannie filia" for �Margarete filie sue...Ludovici comitis Ebroicensis germani nostri...uxori...maritagii� by charter dated Jul 1303[723].� Dame de Brie-Comte-Robert.� The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "26 Oct" of "Margareth� quondam comitiss� Ebroicensis"[724].� Louis Comte d'Evreux & his wife had five children:�

a) MARIE d�Evreux (1303-31 Oct 1335, bur Brussels, Franciscan Church).� The Genealogia Ducum Brabanti� Ampliata names "Mariam filiam domini Ludovici fratris Regis Francie" as the wife of "Iohannem ducem�tercium"[725].� The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Johannes tertius" married "Mariam filiam Ludowici comitis Eboracensis"[726].� m (1314) JEAN III �le Triomphant� Duke of Brabant, son of JEAN II Duke of Brabant & his wife Margaret of England (1300-Brussels 5 Dec 1355, bur Villers-la-Ville, Brabant).��

b) PHILIPPE d�Evreux (27 Mar 1306-Jerez de la Frontera 23 or 26 Sep 1343, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa Mar�a el Real).� Comte d�Angoul�me et de Mortain 27 Mar 1318, confirmed by the Treaty of Villeneuve-l�s-Avignon 14 Mar 1336.� He succeeded his father in 1319 as Comte d�Evreux.� [A document dated to [1327, after 2 Nov] records a delegation visiting the French court to discuss a possible marriage between �lo noble en Karles de Vros, parent et cunyat del dit Rey de Fran�a� and �la noble dona Violant, filla del dit senyor Rey en Jacme de bona memoria e sor del dit senyor Rey Namfos [Aragon]�, naming �monsenyer en Lui� et a monsenyer en Karles de Vros�[727].� This entry could refer to another, otherwise unrecorded, son of Louis de France Comte d�Evreux named Louis.� However, the earlier high-profile marriage of Louis�s son Philippe indicates that the latter was his father�s heir and would therefore most likely have been named with his younger brother Charles in the [1327] document.� If that is correct, maybe �Louis� represents an error for �Philippe�, possibly resulting from confusion with the name of the late father of the two brothers.]� He was proclaimed FELIPE III �le Bon/le Sage� King of Navarre by an Assembly in 1328, shortly after the succession of Philippe VI King of France.� Crowned King of Navarre 5 Mar 1329, Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a el Real.� He died after being injured in the neck by an arrow at the siege of Algeciras.� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "VI Kal Oct" of "Philippus rex Navarre"[728].� m (contract Paris 27 Mar 1318, 18 Jun 1318) JEANNE de France, daughter of LOUIS X �le Hutin� King of France & his first wife Marguerite de Bourgogne [Capet] (Conflans Sainte Honorine 28 Jan 1312-died of the plague Ch�teau de Conflans 6 Oct 1349, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� On the death of her father, she was excluded from the succession to the French crown, her birth being suspicious because of the reputation of her mother.� Following her maternal grandmother�s protests, her uncle King Philippe V confirmed her future rights to the counties of Champagne and Brie 27 Mar 1318.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1318 of "regis Ludovici nuper defuncti...filia" and "comitis Ebroicensis Ludovico [filio Philippo]"[729].� The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage �le jour de la feste de la Trinit� Nostre Seigneur � Paris au palaiz royal� of �Philippe filz de mons. Louys [conte de la cont� d�Evreux� and �Marie l�aisn�e fille de Louys jadiz roy de France et de Navarre�, dated to 1318 from the context[730].� She was proclaimed JUANA II Queen of Navarre by an Assembly 1328 shortly after the succession of Philippe VI as King of France.� Crowned Queen of Navarre 5 Mar 1329, Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a el Real.� She renounced her rights to the county of Champagne 1335.��

-�� KINGS of NAVARRE.�

c) CHARLES d�Evreux (-5 Sep 1336, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� Baron d�Etampes 1319.� A document dated to [1327, after 2 Nov] records a delegation visiting the French court to discuss a possible marriage between �lo noble en Karles de Vros, parent et cunyat del dit Rey de Fran�a� and �la noble dona Violant, filla del dit senyor Rey en Jacme de bona memoria e sor del dit senyor Rey Namfos [Aragon]�, naming �monsenyer en Lui� et a monsenyer en Karles de Vros�[731].� Comte d'Etampes Sep 1327.� m (by treaty Poissy, Yvelines Apr 1335) as her first husband, do�a MAR�A de la Cerda dame de Lunel, daughter of don FERNANDO de la Cerda de Castilla & his wife do�a Juana Nu�ez Se�ora de Lara ([1319]-Paris 13 Mar 1375, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Enrique II records in 1373 that �Do�a Maria de Lara fija de Don Ferrando de la Cerda e de Do�a Juana de Lara, hermana de Don Juan Nu�ez de Lara Se�or de Vizcaya, Condesa de Alanzon...primero casada en Francia con el Conde de Estampas...y despues...con el Conde de Alanzon, hermano del Rey Don Phelipe de Francia� claimed �las tierras de Lara � de Vizcaya� from Enrique II King of Castile[732].� She married secondly Charles II Comte d�Alen�on.� The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "domine Marie de Hyspania comitisse de Alen�onio" mother of "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[733].� Charles Comte d'Etampes & his wife had two children:

i) LOUIS d�Evreux [d'Etampes] (1336-Paris H�tel de Nesle 6 May 1400, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[734].� Comte d�Etampes et de Gien 1336.� Seigneur de Beaufort et de Soleines en Champagne Feb 1357.� Seigneur de Lunel 20 Apr 1364.� m (contract 16 Jan 1358) as her second husband, JEANNE de Brienne, widow of GAUTHIER [VI] de Brienne Conte de Lecce e Conversano titular Duke of Athens, daughter of RAOUL I de Brienne Comte d�Eu et de Guines & his wife Jeanne de Mello Dame de Lormes (-Sens 6 Jul 1389, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique des comtes d�Eu, written in 1390, names "Jehanne...et Marie" as the two daughters of "Raoul" and his wife "madame de Mello", adding that Jeanne married "au duc d�Ath�nes et depuis au conte d�Estampes"[735].� Dame de Ch�teau-Chinon.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the marriage 16 Jan 1358 of �monseigneur Loys conte d�Estampes� and �madame Jehanne de Eu, fille jadis de Raoul conte de Eu et de Guynes et connestable de France�, widow of �monseigneur Gautier duc d�Athennes et conte de Brenne en Champaigne et connestable de France� who had been killed at Poitiers[736].� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records the death 13 Jul 1389 of �madame Jeanne duchesse d�Ath�nes, femme de messire Louis comte d�Etampes� and her burial in �l��glise de Saint-Denis l�Ar�opagite� to which she had bequeathed �les trois riches v�tements dont elle avait �t� par�e le jour de son premier mariage�[737].�

ii) JEAN d�Etampes (-Rome after 1373).� The necrology of the Celestins de Paris commemorates "dominorum Ludovici comitis de Stampis ac Johannis fratris sui" on "XVIII Kal Jul"[738].� He was held hostage by the English in 1360 for the release of Jean II �le Bon� King of France.�

d) MARGUERITE d�Evreux (1307-1350, bur Notre-Dame de Boulogne-sur-Mer).� A charter dated 25 Jul 1331 is addressed to "Margarit� comitiss� Boloni� nat� quondam Ludovici de Francia comitis Ebroicensis"[739].� "Domina Marguerita Ebroicensi Arverni� et Boloni� comitissa tutrice...Johann� fili� su� et quondam...Guillelmi...comitis" is named in a charter dated 1334[740].� m (1325) GUILLAUME [XI] Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne, son of ROBERT VII �le Grand� Comte d�Auvergne et de Boulogne & his wife Blanche de Clermont (-Ch�teau de Vic-le-Comte, Puy-de-D�me 6 Aug 1332).�

e) JEANNE d�Evreux (1310-Brie-Comte-Robert 14 Mar 1371, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "rex" married "Johannam quondam filiam comitis Ebroicensis, cognatam suam germanam...avunculi sui filiam" after the death of his second wife[741].� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage "III Non Jul" in 1324 of King Charles and "filiam quondam domini Ludovici patruelis sui, comitis Ebroycensis" after dispensation for 2^o consanguinity[742].� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 4 Mar 1370 (O.S.) at �Braye-Conte-Robert� of �madame Jehanne d�Evreux royne de France et de Navarre...femme du roy Charles...� and her burial �� Saint-Denis�[743].� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Joanna de Ebroicis regina Francie et Navarre"[744].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Johanne de Ebroys Francie et Navarre regine uxoris Karoli quarti�filii�Philippi Pulcri Francie regis"[745].� m (Paris 1325) as his third wife, CHARLES IV King of France, son of PHILIPPE IV King of France & his wife Juana I Queen of Navarre (Creil, Oise 18 Jun 1294-Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 1 Feb 1328, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).�

7. MARGUERITE de France ([1277/83]-Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire 14 Feb 1318, bur Grey Friars, London).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Ludovicum comitem Ebroici� civitatis, Margaretamque reginam Angli� ac Blancham ducissam Austri�" as the three children of King Philippe III and his second wife, recording in a later passage the marriage of Marguerite "apud Cantuariam" in 1299[746].� Edward I King of England appointed �Amadeum comitem Sabaudi� consanguineum nostrum� as proxy for the marriages between �nos et Margaretam sororem...regis Franci�...ac inter Edwardum filium nostrum et Isabellam...regis Franci� filiam� by charter dated 12 May 1299[747].� The Annals of Worcester record the marriage �Sep�IV Id�in ecclesia Cantuarensi� in 1299 of �Edwardus rex� and �Margareta soror Philippi Regis Franci��[748].� A charter dated 27 Sep 1299 lists the dower assigned by King Edward to �Margaretam sororem...regis Franci��[749].� The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 � 1339 records the death [in 1318] of �Marguerite roynne d�Engleterre, fille du roy Philippe...fame segonde au grant Edouart jadiz roy de Engleterre...�[750].� King Edward II issued a charter dated 18 Apr 1318 to �Thom� comiti Norffolci� et marescallo Angli� et Edmundo de Wodestok fratribus nostris...executoribus testamenti bon� memori� Margaret� nuper regin� Angli� matris nostr��[751].� m ([Betrothed 12 May 1299] treaty Montreuil 19 Jun 1299, Canterbury Cathedral 8 Sep 1299) as his second wife, EDWARD I King of England, son of HENRY III King of England & his wife El�onore de Provence (Palace of Westminster 17/18 Jun 1239-Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland 8 Jul 1307, bur Westminster Abbey).

8. BLANCHE de France Ctss d'Alsace ([1278/85]-Vienna 19 Mar 1306, bur Vienna, Minoritenkirche).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Ludovicum comitem Ebroici� civitatis, Margaretamque reginam Angli� ac Blancham ducissam Austri�" as the three children of King Philippe III and his second wife, recording in a later passage the marriage of Blanche and "regis Romanorum Alberti filius Radulfus dux Austri�" in 1299 "apud Parisius"[752].� [The Annals of Worcester record that Edward I King of England was absorbed by �immoderatus amor� for �mulieris Gallic� et neptis propri�� in 1294[753].� The source does not record the person to whom it refers.� The editor of the edition consulted suggests in a footnote that she was Blanche, daughter of King Philippe III, citing �Bart. Cott. p. 232�.]� Her Austrian marriage was arranged to confirm King Albrecht's new alliance with France[754].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Mar 1306 of "ducissa Austri� Blancha, regis Franci� soror ex patre...cum filio suo unico", poisoned[755].� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death �empoisonn�e par ledit duc, si comme l�en disoit...ou moys de mars� of �Blanche duchesse d�Austrie seur du roy de par son pere�[756].� The necrology of K�nigsfelden records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "domina Blanka" without giving further details to identify her[757].� The necrology of Feldbach records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "Blanka relicta Ruodolfi quondam regis Boemie"[758], although this implies, wrongly it appears, that her husband predeceased her.� The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death "XIV Kal Apr 1305" of "Blanka filia regis Francie, ducissa Austrie et Styrie"[759].� The necrology of Minoritenkirche, Vienna records the death "XIV Kal 1305" of "Blanka ducissa Austrie filia Philippi regis Francie consors Rudolfi ducis Austrie hic sepulta"[760].� The necrology of Rein records the death "IV Non Mar" of "Planca ducissa Austrie et Stirie"[761], although this date is inconsistent with other sources.� Betrothed (Sep 1290) to JEAN de Flandre, son of GUY Count of Flanders & his second wife Isabelle de Luxembourg Ctss de Namur ([1267/75]-[28 Oct 1329/31 Jan 1330], Bruges, �glise des Cordeliers).� He succeeded in 1298 as JEAN I Comte de Namur.� Betrothed (31 Jul 1291) to EDWARD Prince of Wales, son of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Castilla (Caernarvon Castle 25 Apr 1284-murdered Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire 21 Sep 1327, bur Gloucester Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1307 as EDWARD II King of England.� Betrothed (1296) JEAN de Hainaut Graaf van Oostrevant, son of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut & his wife Philippine de Luxembourg (-killed in battle near Courtrai 11 Jul 1302).� m (by treaty Aug 1299, Paris 29 May 1300) as his first wife, RUDOLF III Duke of Austria, son of ALBRECHT I King of Germany & his wife Elisabeth Queen of Hungary and Bohemia ([1282]-Heerlager [Horazdiowitz/Hora�dovice] an der Otava/Mottawa 4 Jul 1307, bur Prague, St Veit�s Cathedral).� He succeeded in 1306 as RUDOLF King of Bohemia.�

PHILIPPE de France, son of PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France & his first wife Infanta do�a Isabel de Arag�n (Fontainebleau 8 Apr/Jun 1268-Fontainebleau 29 Nov 1314, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis, his heart bur Priory of Poissy).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the birth in 1268 of "Philippus filius Philippi primogeniti sancti regis Franci� Ludovici"[762].� He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother.� He succeeded in 1284 by right of his wife as FELIPE I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne.� He succeeded his father in 1285 as PHILIPPE IV "le Bel" King of France.� He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 6 Jan 1286.� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus...cum uxore" were crowned in 1285 (O.S.) "Remis...die festo Epiphanie"[763].� He refused the offer of Pope Nicholas IV 1290 to become guardian of the Holy Land.� He conquered Bordeaux and Guyenne from King Edward I of England 1294, although these territories were returned to England under the terms of the peace treaty of Paris 20 May 1303.� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death "in eodem quo natus loco...in castro de Fonte Bliaudi...III Kal Dec" in 1314 of "Philippus rex Franci�" and his burial "in apud Sanctum Dionysium", his heart being buried "apud Pyssiacum" in the monastery which he founded[764].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Kal Dec" of "domini Philippi nepotism beati Ludovici quondam regis Francie et Navarre"[765].�

m (contract May 1275, Paris, Notre Dame 16 Aug 1284) JUANA I Queen of Navarre Ctss de Champagne, daughter of ENRIQUE I King of Navarre, HENRI III Comte de Champagne & his wife Blanche d�Artois (Bar-sur-Seine 14 Jan 1273-Ch�teau de Vincennes 31 Mar or 2 Apr 1305, bur Paris �glise des Cordeliers).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1284 "festo Assumptionis beat� virginis matris Domini...crastino...apud Parisius" of "Philippus regis Franci� Philippi filius major natu" and "Johannam filiam defuncti regis Navarr� comitisque Campani� Henrici"[766].� The contract between "Philippus�Francorum Rex" and "Blancham Reginam Navarr�, Campani�, Bri�que Comitissam Palatinam", dated May 1275, provides for the marriage between "filiam suam Joannam heredem unicam" and "unum ex duobus primogenitis nostris"[767].� After her marriage, she continued to govern Champagne personally, her husband governing Navarre.� A charter dated 1297 records the appointment of arbitrators in the dispute between "Mathildis de Courtenaio comitissa Theati uxor�domini Philippi de Flandria, filii�comitis Flandrensis" and "Lora vicecomitissa Turenne domina de Cabanesio soror dicte domine Mathildis" concerning the county of Bigorre, which they had sold to "domina Johanna regina Francie et Navarre"[768].� A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[769].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in Apr 1305 "apud nemus Vincennarum" of "Johanna regina Franci� et Navarr�, Britanni� et Campani� comitissa" and her burial "in ecclesia fratrum Minorum"[770].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "II Kal Apr" of "domine Johanne quondam regine Francie et Navarre"[771].�

King Philippe IV & his wife had seven children:

1. LOUIS de France (Paris 4 Oct 1289-Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 5 Jun 1316, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the birth �la quarte none d�Octembre� of �Loys l�ainsn� filz du roy Phelippe roy de France, de Jehanne la royne sa femme royne de Navarre�[772].� He succeeded his mother in 1305 as LUIS I King of Navarre, Comte de Champagne.� Crowned King of Navarre at Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a el Real, 1 Oct 1307.� He succeeded his father in 1314 as LOUIS X "le Hutin" King of France.� He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 24 Aug 1315.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "in domo regali nemoris Vicenarum" 5 Jul 1316 of "Ludovicus rex Franci� et Navarr�" and his burial "primo Parisius in ecclesia beat� Virginis...sequenti ad ecclesiam beati Dionysii"[773].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "VIII Id Jun" of "Ludovici quondam Francie et Navarre Regis"[774].� His date of death is confirmed as 5 Jun by a manuscript account of 1316 which records that he died �V de junii anno predicto� and was buried �VII diem junii CCC XVI�[775].� m firstly (contract Abbaye de Longchamp 28 Feb 1299/1300, contract Vincennes 28 Mar 1301, Corbeil, Essonne 23 Sep 1305) MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, daughter of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agn�s de France (1290-Ch�teau-Gaillard from tuberculosis 30 Apr 1315, bur Vernon, �glise des Cordeliers).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "die Jovis post festum sancti Matth�i apostoli" in 1305 of "Ludovicus primogenitus regis Francorum" and "Margaretam primogenitam ducis Burgundie"[776].� �Hugues dux de Bourgoigne� promised to pay �quatre mile livres de tornois fors� to �nostre�uncle mons. Jehan de Chalon signour d�Allay� less the sum owed to �adit roy mon signour dou marriage de madame la reyne de Navarre nostre�suer�[777].� Accused of adultery in 1314, she was imprisoned at Ch�teau-Gaillard where she died soon after.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Margareta Navarr� regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarr� Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314[778].� The allegations against her, and her sisters-in-law, were the subject of la Ballade des dames du temps jadis by Fran�ois Villon[779].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1315 of "Margareta quondam Navarr� regina" and her burial "Vernone in ecclesia fratrum Minorem"[780].� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death in Apr 1315 of "uxor prima Ludovici regis Franci�, filia ducis Burgundi�" held "in privata custodia"[781].� m secondly (Paris 31 Jul 1315) CLEMENCE of Hungary, daughter of CHARLES MARTEL of Sicily, Principe di Salerno, K�ROLY I titular King of Hungary [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Klementia von Habsburg (Feb 1293-Paris 12 Oct 1328, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "circa Natale Domini" in 1314 "cambellanum et secretarium suum Hugonem de Bovilla" was sent "ad partes Sicili�" to bring back "Clementiam regis Hungari� filiam" to marry "Ludovicus rex Franci� et Navarr�", and in a later passage records their marriage "julio mense in festo beat� Christin�...apud sanctum Dionysium" in 1315[782].� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage 31 Jul 1315 of "Ludovicus rex" and "Clementiam filiam quondam Karoli Martelli, qui fuit filius primogenitus Karoli secundi regis Sicili�"[783].� She was consecrated Queen with her husband, Notre-Dame de Reims 24 Aug 1315.� The Chronique Parisienne records the death �le jeudi� 13 Oct 1328 of �Climence la roynne de France et de Navarre...fame jadiz de Louys roy de France et de Navarre� and her burial �le lundi ensuivant en l�eglise des Freres Prescheurs Jacobins�[784].� Mistress (1): ISABELLE Thory, wife of ---, daughter of ---.� P�re Anselme records the letter of Pope John XXII addressed to her daughter, dated 1330, which stated that her mother was �conjugata�[785].� Her name is confirmed by the 8 Jan 1340 (O.S.) document quoted below under her daughter.� King Louis X & his first wife had one child:

a) JEANNE de France (Conflans Sainte Honorine 28 Jan 1312-Ch�teau de Conflans 6 Oct 1349, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the birth "V Kal Feb" in 1311 (O.S.) of "Ludovicus rex...filiam Johannam"[786].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Ludovicus rex Franci� et Navarr�" left "filiam unicam...Johannam" by his first wife[787].� On the death of her father, she was excluded from the succession to the French crown, her birth being suspicious because of the reputation of her mother.� Following her maternal grandmother�s protests, her uncle King Philippe V confirmed her future rights to the counties of Champagne and Brie 27 Mar 1318.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1318 of "regis Ludovici nuper defuncti...filia" and "comitis Ebroicensis Ludovico [filio Philippo]"[788].� The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage �le jour de la feste de la Trinit� Nostre Seigneur � Paris au palaiz royal� of �Philippe filz de mons. Louys [conte de la cont� d�Evreux� and �Marie l�aisn�e fille de Louys jadiz roy de France et de Navarre�, dated to 1318 from the context[789].� She was proclaimed JUANA II Queen of Navarre by an assembly in 1328 shortly after the accession of Philippe VI as King of France, when he renounced his rights to the crown of Navarre.� She renounced her rights to the county of Champagne in 1335.� She died of the plague.� m (contract Paris 27 Mar 1318, 18 Jun 1318) PHILIPPE d�Evreux, son of LOUIS de France Comte d�Evreux & his wife Marguerite d�Artois (27 Mar 1306-Jerez de la Frontera 23 Sep 1343, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa Mar�a el Real).� Comte d�Angoul�me et de Mortain 27 Mar 1318, confirmed by the Treaty of Villeneuve-l�s-Avignon 14 Mar 1336.� He succeeded his father in 1319 as Comte d�Evreux.� He was proclaimed FELIPE III �le Bon/le Sage� King of Navarre by an Assembly 1328, shortly after the succession of Philippe VI King of France.� Crowned King of Navarre 5 Mar 1329, Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a el Real.�

King Louis X & his second wife had one child:

b) JEAN de France (posthumously Paris 14 Nov 1316-Louvre 19 Nov 1316, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the birth "Parisius apud Luparam XXVII Kal Dec ex regina Clementia" of "puer masculus regis Ludovici...Johannes", his death "XIII Kal mensis predicti ibidem", and his burial "in ecclesia beati Dionysii"[790].� The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 � 1339 records that �Climence la roynne de France� gave birth 13 Nov 1316 �en la cit� de Paris, au Louvre� to �Jehan� who died 18 Nov �au Louvre� and was buried �� Saint-Denys en France�[791].� He succeeded at birth as JEAN I �le Posthume� King of France, JUAN I King of Navarre.��

King Louis X had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):��

c) EUDELINE (before 23 Sep 1305-before 8 Jan 1341).� P�re Anselme records the letter of Pope John XXII addressed to Eudeline, dated 1330, praising her merits while noting that she was born to King Louis X before his marriage (�soluto�) by a mother �conjugata�[792].� Nun, later abbess, at the Cordeline convent, Faubourg Saint Marcel, Paris.� Pope John XXII granted dispensation for Eudeline�s election as abbess, dated 10 Aug 1331, noting that �elle a effac� la tache de sa naissance, n��tant pas n�e d�un l�gitime mariage, mais par un commerce criminel entre le feu roi de France, libre alors, et une femme mari�e� (�non ex legitimo thoro nata sed ex clare memorie Ludovico rege Franci� soluto et conjugata�)[793].� P�re Th�obald, noting a document dated 6 Nov 1331 which named as abbess �Marguerite de St-Quentin, qui mourut en 1333 ou 1334�, supposed that Eudeline was abbess between 1334 and 1339[794], although the 1331 dispensation suggests that an earlier departure of her predecessor was planned.� Eudeline�s mother is named in the following document, which also indicates Eudeline�s �decease: King Philippe VI granted annual revenue to the Cordeli�res de Saint-Marcel, from the income which �Eudeline fille jadiz Ysabel de Thory, especiere, laquelle Eudeline estoit seur cordeliere � Saint-Marcel et y est trepass�e de nouvel� had received from �la prevost�e et peage de la ville de Vernon�, by charter dated 8 Jan 1340 (O.S.)[795].� .

2. MARGUERITE de France ([1290/91]-after Nov 1294).� P�re Anselme names Marguerite as eldest daughter of King Philippe IV and says that she �fut promise par trait� pass� avant la f�te de l�a Toussaints 1294 � Ferdinand IV roy de Castille, mais cela n�eut aucun effet�[796].� If it is correct that Marguerite was her father�s oldest daughter, it is unclear why she was not betrothed to Infante don Fernando in [Apr] 1294, the date of his betrothal to her supposed younger sister Blanche (unless there was confusion about the year of Blanche�s betrothal and that Marguerite�s betrothal to Fernando preceded hers).� One possibility is confusion in the order of birth of the king�s daughters.� Betrothed (end Oct 1294) to Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla, son of SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife do�a Mar�a Alfonso de Molina �la Grande� (Seville 6 Dec 1285-Jaen 7 Sep 1312).� He succeeded in 1295 as FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and Le�n.�

3. ISABELLE de France (Paris [1291/92]-Castle Rising, Norfolk or Hertford Castle 21 Nov 1358, bur Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London).� P�re Anselme states that Isabelle was born in 1292 but does not cite the primary source on which he bases this date[797].� The chronology of the births of Philippe IV�s children is tight and would fit better if Isabelle was born in 1291.� Edward I King of England appointed �Amadeum comitem Sabaudi� consanguineum nostrum� as proxy for the marriages between �nos et Margaretam sororem...regis Franci�...ac inter Edwardum filium nostrum et Isabellam...regis Franci� filiam� by charter dated 12 May 1299[798].� The betrothal contract between �Ed. filz du roi d�Angleterre� and �Isabel fille du roi de France� is dated 20 May 1303[799].� The Annales Londonienses record the marriage "apud Boloniam�in festo Conversionis Sancti Pauli" in 1308 of "rex Edwardus" and "Isabellam filiam regis Franci� Philippi"[800].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in Jan 1308 "apud Boloniam supra mare" of "Eduardus Angli� rex" and "filiam unicam regis Franci� Philippi...Isabellam"[801].� The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the marriage �apud Boloniam...V Kal Feb� of �rex Edwardus� and �Isabellam filiam...regis Francie�[802].� She was crowned Queen of England with her husband [23/25] Feb 1308.� The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the return of the couple to England 5 Feb and their coronation �VII Kal Mar...apud Westmonasterium�[803].� Her relationship with her husband steadily deteriorated over the years, culminating in her flight to France to seek the protection of her brother Philippe V King of France.� In 1324, she started a love affair with Roger Mortimer, and together they plotted her husband's overthrow.� She was declared head of the Council of Regency by Parliament on the deposition of her husband.� However, her rule was unpopular.� She signed an unfavourable treaty with France and recognised Robert Bruce as king of Scotland for the first time.� In addition, Mortimer alienated the barons with his territorial ambitions.� Her son seized power, had Mortimer arrested after a Great Council meeting at Nottingham 19 Oct 1330 and condemned him to death.� Isabelle thereafter lived in retirement.� Froissart records that Isabelle went to "Ostrevant en Haynau en un chastel�Buignicourt dont messires Nicoles d�Aubrecicourt estoit sires"[804].� The Chronicon Angli� records the death �die Sancti Rufi martyris� of �domina mater regis Edwardi domina Ysabella� and her burial �in ecclesia Fratrum Minorum Londoniis�, dated to 1357 from the context[805].� m (contract 12 May 1299, betrothed 20 May 1303, Boulogne-sur-Mer 22 Jan 1308) EDWARD II King of England, son of EDWARD I King of England & his first wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Castilla (Caernarvon Castle 25 Apr 1284-murdered Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire 21 Sep 1327, bur Gloucester Cathedral).� Mistress ([1324/30]) of ROGER [V] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer, son of EDMUND [I] de Mortimer Lord Mortimer & his wife Margaret de Fiennes (25 Apr or 3 May 1287-executed Tyburn, London 29 Nov 1330, bur Shrewsbury, Church of the Grey Friars).� He was created Earl of March in 1328.�

4. BLANCHE de France ([1292/93]-after [Apr] 1294, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� P�re Anselme names Blanche as third daughter of King Philippe IV and says that she was �accord�e par contrat pass� le mardy avant P�ques fleuries 1294 � Ferdinand Infant de Castille�, adding that she died young and was buried near her father[806].� As noted above, it is unclear why, if Blanche was her father�s third daughter, she was chosen for betrothal to Infante don Fernando in Apr 1294 instead of her presumed older sister Marguerite.� One explanation is confusion in the calendar year of Blanche�s betrothal (O.S.?) and that her betrothal followed Marguerite�s.� Another possibility is confusion in the order of birth of the king�s daughters.� Betrothed ([mid-Apr] 1294) to Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla, son of SANCHO IV "el Bravo" King of Castile and Le�n & his wife do�a Mar�a Alfonso de Molina �la Grande� (Seville 6 Dec 1285-Jaen 7 Sep 1312).� He succeeded in 1295 as FERNANDO IV "el Ajurno" King of Castile and Le�n.� ��

5. PHILIPPE de France ([1293]-Longchamp, near Paris 3 Jan 1322, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� He was recognised Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Seigneur de Salins, by right of his wife, 26 Jun 1310.� Comte de Poitiers Dec 1311.� He was appointed regent on the death of his brother in 1316, awaiting the birth of his nephew.� He succeeded his nephew in 1316 as PHILIPPE V "le Long" King of France, FELIPE II King of Navarre.� He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 6 Jan 1317.� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death 3 Jan 1321 (O.S.) of "Philippus rex"[807].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Non Jan" of "Philippus regis Magni"[808].� m (contract Vincennes 2 Mar 1295, Corbeil, Marne Jan 1307) JEANNE I Ctss Palatine de Bourgogne, Ctss d'Artois, daughter of OTHON IV Comte Palatin de Bourgogne & his second wife Mathilde Ctss d�Artois (before 2 Mar 1291-Roye, Somme 21 Jan 1330, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in Jan 1307 "apud Corbolium" of "Philippus regis Franci� Philippi filius secundus genitus" and "Johannam primogenitam Odonis quondam Burgundi� comitis ex filia Roberti Attrebati comitis"[809].� She was accused of adultery in Spring 1314 and imprisoned in the Ch�teau de Dourdan.� She was declared innocent and taken back by her husband.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Johanna...sponsa Philippi comitis Pictavensis" was accused of adultery at the same time as her sister and sister-in-law in 1314, imprisoned "apud Durdactum castrum", but found not guilty and was reconciled with her husband[810].� King Philippe V & his wife had five children:

a) JEANNE de France (1 or 2 May 1308-10 or 15 Aug 1347, bur Abbaye cistercienne de Fontenay).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "rex Franci�...filias...quarum majorem natu" married "duci Burgundi�", in a later passage recording the marriage "in festo Trinitatis"[811].� The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage �le jour de la feste de la Trinit� Nostre Seigneur � Paris au palaiz royal� of �le duc de Bourgongne� and �Jehanne l�ainsn�e fille du roy de France et de Navarre�, dated to 1318 from the context[812].� The testament of "Mathildis comitssa Attrebatensis et Burgundi� Palatina ac domina Salinensis", dated 24 Mar 1328, chooses burial "in ecclesia B. Mari� Regalis prope Pontifaram" at the foot of "genitoris mei Roberti quondam comitis Atrebatensis" or "in ecclesia Fratrum Minorem apud Parisius" next to "Roberti�filii mei", appoints as her heir in Artois "Johannam�filiam meam�Reginam Francie et Navarr�" and in default "filiam meam Johannam ducissam Burgundi� eiusdem Regin� primogenitam", donated property for the soul of "domini et mariti mei Othonis quondam comitis Atrebatensis et Burgundi� Palatini ac domini Salinensis", and makes other bequests[813].� She succeeded her mother in 1330 as Ctss Palatine de Bourgogne Ctss d�Artois.� Betrothed (contract Paris 6 Apr 1313) to HUGUES V Duke of Burgundy, son of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agn�s de France (1294-ch�teau d'Argilly, C�te d'Or early May 1315, bur 12 May Abbaye de C�teaux).� m (contract Nogent-sur-Seine, Aube 29 Sep 1316, Paris 18 Jun 1318) EUDES IV Duke of Burgundy, son of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agn�s de France (1295-Sens, Yonne 3 Apr 1349, bur Abbaye de C�teaux).

b) MARGUERITE de France (1309-Paris 9 May 1382, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "in die Magdalen�" in 1320 of "comes Flandrie...filium" and "unam de filiabus regis"[814].� Her marriage was arranged under the Treaty of Paris 5 May 1320, which reaffirmed the loyalty of her future husband's grandfather to the French crown[815].� Ctss d'Artois 1361.� m (contract 21 Jun 1320, 22 Jul 1320) LOUIS de Flandre, son of LOUIS de Flandre Comte de Nevers et de Rethel & his wife Jeanne Ctss de Rethel ([1304]-killed in battle Cr�cy 25 Aug 1346, bur Bruges, St Donat).� He succeeded his grandfather in 1322 as LOUIS I Count of Flanders.�

c) ISABELLE de France (1310-1348).� The Chronicle attributed to Jean Desnouelles records that one of the daughters of King Philippe V married "au doffin de Viane"[816].� The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records the marriage of "Guigo" and "Isabellam Philippi Longi Francorum regis et Joann� Burgund� filiam"[817].� Letters dated [May] 1322 confirmed the marriage between "Guigonem Dalphinum Vienn." and "domicellam Isabellam�Philippi quondam Regis Franci�filiam"[818].� A charter dated May 1323 confirms the dowry for the marriage of "Guigone Dalphino Vienn. Albonisque comite" and "D. Isabella filia�Philippi quondam Francorum�Regis et D. Johann�Regin� comitiss�que Burgundi� Palatin� ac Domin� Salinarum"[819].� "Jehanz sires de Faucolgney chevaliers et Ysabelx de France Dauffyne de Vyenne sa espouse" notified their agreement with Eudes Duke of Burgundy regarding the succession of "Madame Jehanne de France duchesse...espouse dyceli monz le duc suer de nous la dite Ysabel� by charter dated 1 Oct 1341[820].� m firstly (contract Lyon 18 Jun 1316, contract Dole, Jura 17 May 1323, Fond-de-Dole 17 May 1323) GUIGUES [VIII] Dauphin de Viennois Comte d'Albon et de Grenoble, son of JEAN [II] de la Tour Comte d�Albon Dauphin de Viennois & his wife B�atrice of Hungary ([1309]-siege of la Perri�re 28 Jul 1333, bur Grenoble, Saint-Andr�).� m secondly ([1338/40]) JEAN [III] Seigneur de Faucogney, son of JEAN [II] Seigneur de Faucogney & his wife Catherine de Neuch�tel ([1310]-[17 Jun/13 Dec] 1345).�

d) BLANCHE de France ([1311/12]-Longchamps 26 Apr 1358, bur Longchamps).� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records that "quarta...filia" of Philippe V King of France became a nun with "sororum Minorisarum Parisius" in 1317[821].� The necrology of Longchamp provides on 2 Jan for a mass for "Phelippe roy de France et de Navarre et la reyne Jehanne de Bourgoingne pere et mere de la dame, seur Blanche, laquelle fut religieuse en ceste eglise"[822].� Clarice nun at Longchamps 1319.�

e) PHILIPPE [Louis] de France (24 Jun 1316-Paris 24 Feb 1317, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the birth "circa festum sancti Johannis Baptist�" in 1316 of "Philippo filius...Philippus" adding that he died "infra annum"[823].� The Chronique Parisienne records the death 24 Feb �en l�ostel du palaiz de Paris� of �Louys filz Philippe le roy de France et de Navarre� and his burial �� Paris en l�eglise des Freres Mineurs�[824].�

6. CHARLES de France (Creil, Oise 18 Jun 1294-Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 1 Feb 1328, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The primary source which confirms his date of birth has not been identified.� Comte de La Marche 1314.� He succeeded his brother in 1322 as CHARLES IV "le Bel" King of France, CARLOS I King of Navarre.� He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 21 Feb 1322.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "in vigilia Purificationis beat� Mari� apud nemus Vicenarum prope Parisius" in 1328 of "regem Franci� Karolum" and his burial "apud sanctum Dionysium"[825].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "Kal Feb" of "Karoli Francie et Navarre regis"[826].� m firstly (before Apr 1308, annulled 19 May 1322) BLANCHE de Bourgogne, daughter of OTTO IV Comte Palatin de Bourgogne & his second wife Mathilde Ctss d�Artois (1296-Abbaye de Maubuisson Apr 1326).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1308 of "Karolus regis Franci� tertius filius" and "Blancham filiam secundam quondam ducis Burgundi� Othelini"[827].� She was accused and convicted of adultery.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Margareta Navarr� regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarr� Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314, and in a later passage under 1315 that "Blancha", while in prison, became pregnant by her jailer or according to others by her own husband ("a serviente quodam eius custodi� deputato dicebatur...a proprio [comite] diceretur")[828].� She was imprisoned at Ch�teau-Gaillard.� Boudet quotes correspondence between various members of the French royal family and Pope John XXII, dated May to Aug 1318, requesting an urgent annulment of the marriage, and insinuating (although not expressly stating) that the pregnancy was the real reason for the urgency[829].� An annulment was finally granted in May 1322 on the grounds of consanguinity.� The Chronique Parisienne records the annulment of the marriage of �Blanche d�Artoiz la premiere fame Charlez le roy de France et de Navarre...enclose au Chasteau de Gaillart en Normandie�, both because of �l�esmouvement de la fornicacion et avoutrie contre elle approuv� de son amy et mal veullant Gaultier d�Annoy chevalier, frere de Philippe d�Annoy, qui pour ce furent escorchez tous vifs� and because of the consanguinity between the couple[830].� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the annulment "XIV Kal Jun" in 1322 by Pope John XXII of the marriage between "Karolus...filius quondam tertiogenitus Philippi regis" and "Blancham comitis Burgundi� filiam"[831].� She became a nun at the Abbaye de Maubuisson after her repudiation.� m secondly (Provins, Seine-et-Marne 21 Sep 1322) MARIE de Luxembourg, daughter of Emperor HEINRICH VII Comte de Luxembourg & his wife Marguerite de Brabant (1305-Issoudun, Indre Mar 1324, bur convent of Saint-Dominique de Montargis, Loiret).� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) names "Maria" as older sister of "Regem Boemi�"[832].� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage "circa festum sancti Math�i apostoli" in Sep 1322 of "Karolus...filius quondam tertiogenitus Philippi regis" and "Mariam filiam quondam Henrici de Lucemborc imperatoris Romanorum, germanamque regis Boemi�"[833].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "in festo beati Matth�i apostoli in primo castro regie" in 1322 of "rex" and "Mariam filiam Henrici quondam imperatoris et quondam comitis de Lucemburg"[834].� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage taking place �� Provins, le jour de la feste saint Maci l�apostre�[835].� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the marriage "IV Id Apr" in 1322 of "Maria�Boemi� Regis germana" and "Karulo Regi Franci�"[836].� She was consecrated Queen at Paris Sainte-Chapelle 15 May 1323.� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the death in 1324 of "Maria Regina Franci�" in childbirth and her burial "ad sanctum Dionisium"[837].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death in 1324 of "uxore regis Franci� sorore regis Boemi�"[838].� She died in childbirth after falling out of the bottom of the coach which was driving her and her husband to a meeting with the Pope in Avignon[839].� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death "apud Exaudunum castrum" of "[reginam] Mariam" and her burial "in monasterium sororum de Monte Argivo" in Mar 1323 (O.S.)[840].� P�re Anselme notes the tomb �dans l��glise des religieuses de S. Dominique de Montargis� which records her burial[841].� m thirdly (5 Jul 1325) JEANNE d'Evreux, daughter of LOUIS de France Comte d�Evreux & his wife Marguerite d�Artois (1310-Brie-Comte-Robert 14 Mar 1371, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "rex" married "Johannam quondam filiam comitis Ebroicensis, cognatam suam germanam...avunculi sui filiam" after the death of his second wife[842].� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the marriage "III Non Jul" in 1324 of King Charles and "filiam quondam domini Ludovici patruelis sui, comitis Ebroycensis" after dispensation for 2^o consanguinity[843].� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 4 Mar 1370 (O.S.) at �Braye-Conte-Robert� of �madame Jehanne d�Evreux royne de France et de Navarre...femme du roy Charles...� and her burial �� Saint-Denis�[844].� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Joanna de Ebroicis regina Francie et Navarre"[845].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "IV Non Mar" of "domine Johanne de Ebroys Francie et Navarre regine uxoris Karoli quarti�filii�Philippi Pulcri Francie regis"[846].� King Charles IV & his first wife had two children:

a) PHILIPPE de France (before 5 Jan 1314-before 24 Mar 1322, bur Abbaye du Pont-aux-Dames, Cr�cy-la-Chapelle, Seine-et-Marne).� Kerrebrouck records the date of his birth and his burial, but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[847].� P�re Anselme notes that his existence is confirmed by �un compte de la maison de Philippe de France comte de Poitiers� dated 5 Jan 1313 (O.S.) which records payment made to �Guyard de Rubecourt, chambellan de Monseigneur Charles de France� for bringing news that Charles�s wife Blanche had given birth to a son[848].� This was before the accusation of adultery levelled at his mother so presumably his paternity was not challenged.� This supposition is confirmed by the following document in which he is named as the son of the king.� He is named in a document of the Chambre des Comptes de Paris dated 24 Mar 1321 (O.S.) which records a pension granted for life to �Aveline du Plexeis...qui norry Philippe fils le Roy qui ores est, lequel enfant est tr�pass��[849].� A charter of Queen Jeanne dated 6 Apr 1342 records her donation to the abbey of Pont aux Dames de Cr�cy for the salvation of �son...�poux le roy Charles et par consideration de deux de ses enfans qui gisent dans ladite �glise�[850].� Philippe is one of the king�s two children whose burial is not otherwise recorded, so presumably was one of the children buried at Pont aux Dames de Cr�cy.�

b) JEANNE de France (1315-17 May 1321, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson).� Kerrebrouck records her birth and burial, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[851].� Some doubt about her paternity is suggested by the Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis which records that "Margareta Navarr� regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarr� Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314, and in a later passage under 1315 that "Blancha", while in prison, became pregnant by her jailer or according to others by her own husband ("a serviente quodam eius custodi� deputato dicebatur...a proprio [comite] diceretur")[852].� She was presumably accepted by Charles as his daughter as shown by the following sources.� P�re Anselme notes that �un rouleau de la Chambre des Comptes � Paris� confirms her death �le jour de la Pentec�te 17 May 1321� and her burial at Maubuisson abbey[853].� A document dated 6 Jul 1324 records a payment made to �Domicella Maria de montibus quondam nutrix defunct� Joannn� fili� regis� by �idem rex eidem...dum erat comes March��[854].�

King Charles IV & his second wife had one child:

c) PHILIPPE de France (Issoudun, Indre [Mar] 1324-[Mar] 1324, bur convent of Saint-Dominique de Montargis, Loiret).� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the birth of "unicum filium" to "Karolus...filius quondam tertiogenitus Philippi regis" and his wife "Mariam filiam quondam Henrici de Lucemborc imperatoris Romanorum, germanamque regis Boemi�", adding that he died "post modicum" after being christened[855].� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the arrival �� Yssoudun� of the royal couple where the queen gave birth to �I filz I moys avant son terme ou environ� who died �tantost apr�s qu�il fut baptizi��[856].� The Chronique Parisienne Anonyme de 1316 � 1339 records the arrival �parmy la terre d�Orbenois� of the royal couple where Queen Marie gave birth �d�un filz...Philippe� who died three days after his birth[857].� He was buried with his mother[858].�

King Charles IV & his third wife had three children:

d) ISABELLE [Jeanne] de France ([1325]-end 1326[, bur Abbaye du Pont-aux-Dames, Cr�cy-la-Chapelle, Seine-et-Marne]).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "altera eius primogenita filia" died around the time the queen gave birth to another daughter in 1327[859].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Girard de Fracheto records that "Johanna regina Franci�" gave birth "apud Castrum Novum super Ligerim" to "secundam filiam...Mariam", dated to late 1326 (O.S.?), after which "filia primogenita" died[860].� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth �en la feste de Toussains � Chasteau-Thierry� 1326 of �la segonde fille du roy�, and the death of �Ysabel sa premiere fille aprez ung an qu�elle avoit est� n�e, � Chasteau-Neuf-sur-Laire�[861].� A charter of Queen Jeanne dated 6 Apr 1342 records her donation to the abbey of Pont aux Dames de Cr�cy for the salvation of �son...�poux le roy Charles et par consideration de deux de ses enfans qui gisent dans ladite �glise�[862].� Isabelle is one of the king�s two children whose burial is not otherwise recorded, so presumably was one of the children buried at Pont aux Dames de Cr�cy unless the charter refers to another otherwise unrecorded child.�

e) MARIE de France ([1 Nov] 1326-6 Oct 1341, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "regina" gave birth to "filiam" in late 1326 (O.S.?)[863].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Girard de Fracheto records that "Johanna regina Franci�" gave birth "apud Castrum Novum super Ligerim" to "secundam filiam...Mariam", dated to late 1326 (O.S.?), after which "filia primogenita" died[864].� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth �en la feste de Toussains � Chasteau-Thierry� 1326 of �la segonde fille du roy�, and the death of �Ysabel sa premiere fille aprez ung an qu�elle avoit est� n�e, � Chasteau-Neuf-sur-Laire�[865].� P�re Anselme notes the tomb �� S. Denis en la chapelle de Notre-Dame la Blanche� which records her burial with her sister Blanche[866].�

f) BLANCHE de France (posthumously [Vincennes or Ch�teauneuf near Orl�ans] 1 Apr 1328-[Vincennes] 8 Feb 1393, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "regina Johanna uxor nuper Karoli regis" gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328 "apud nemus Vicenarum"[867].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Girard de Fracheto records that "regina Johanna Ebroicensis" gave birth 1 Apr 1328 "apud nemus Vicenarum" to "feminam...Blancham"[868].� The Chronique Parisienne records that �la vigille de Pasquez, Jehanne d�Evreux roynne de France fame Charlez roy de France et de Navarre...eust une fille qui au Boiz-de-Vincennes mourust [error]� 1328[869].� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage 18 Jan 1345 of �Phelippe filz du roy de France, estant en aage de X ans� and �madame Blanche fille de Charles roy de France...en aage de XVIII ans� at �Paris ou palais le roy�[870].� The necrology of Orl�ans Cathedral records that �domina Blancha, Regis Francie et Navarre et filia, ducissa Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comitissa�dicti domini quondam sponsa� made donations on the death of �Philippus, Regis Francie filius, dux Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comes�[871].� Ctss de Beaumont-le-Roger.� P�re Anselme notes the tomb �� S. Denis en la chapelle de Notre-Dame la Blanche� which records her burial with her sister Marie[872].� m (contract 8 Jan 1345) PHILIPPE de France Comte de Valois, son of PHILIPPE VI King of France & his first wife Jeanne "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne (Ch�teau du Bois-de-Vincennes 1 Jul 1336-Orl�ans 1 Sep 1375, bur Orl�ans, �glise Sainte-Croix).� He was created Duc d'Orl�ans, Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger, Vicomte de Breteuil by his father 16 Apr 1344.�

7. ROBERT de France ([1297]-Saint-Germain-en-Laye Aug 1307, bur Priory of Poissy, �glise de Saint Louis).� The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis names "Robertum" as youngest of the four sons of Philippe IV King of France, adding that he died "in flore adolescenti� su�" and was buried "in monasterio sororem de Pyssiaco" in Aug 1308[873].� Betrothed (Oct 1306) to CONSTANZA of Sicily, daughter of FEDERIGO I King of Sicily [Aragon] & his wife El�onore of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] ([1306]-after 19 Jun 1344).�

Chapter 2.�� KINGS OF FRANCE (VALOIS)

A.�� COMTES de VALOIS, KINGS of FRANCE 1328-1498

CHARLES de France, son of PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France & his first wife Infanta do�a Isabel de Arag�n (Vincennes 12 Mar 1270-Le Perray, Yvelines 16 Dec 1325, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� The Brevis Chronicon of Saint-Denis records the birth "in Quadragesima" in 1270 of "Carolus filius Philippi regis de prima uxore"[874].� The Gesta Philippi Tertia Francorum Regis of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus rex Franci�" claimed "regnum Aragoni�" for "filio suo Karolo" in 1284[875].� He was appointed anti-king of Aragon and Valencia Feb/Mar 1284 by Pope Martin IV, crowned 11 Jun 1284 at Castillo de Lers, Catalonia, and attempted to conquer the kingdom from Pedro III but made peace in Jun 1295.� Comte de Valois et d'Alen�on 1285.� Comte de Chartres, du Perche 1290.� Comte d�Anjou et du Maine: his father-in-law ceded him the counties of Anjou and Maine 18 Aug 1290, in return for his renouncing his right to the kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia, the king of Sicily hoping thereby to obtain the release of his three sons still held hostage by Alfonso III King of Aragon[876].� He fought against the English in Guyenne in 1295, and against Guy Count of Flanders whom he captured in 1299.� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Karolus comes Valesii" captured "Guido comes Flandrensium...cum duobus filiis Roberto et Guillermo" in 1299[877].� Pope Boniface VIII appointed him captain-general of the Romagna and the march of Ancona at Agnani 3 Sep 1301.� Allied with Charles II King of Sicily, he campaigned in Sicily to expel Federigo de Arag�n in 1302.� Titular Emperor of Constantinople 1301, by right of his second wife, he obtained Venice's support for an invasion of Byzantium in 1306 and was joined by the Catalan company in 1308 when he landed in western Greece, but by 1310 his threat evaporated for lack of active support[878].� The Obituaire de Notre-Dame de Paris records the death "XVII Kal Jan 1325" of "Carolus comes Valesii"[879].� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death 16 Dec 1325 of "dominus Karolus comes Valesii pater regis Philippi de Valesio"[880].� The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records the death of �Karolus de Valesio patruus regis Francie Karoli� after conspiring against the French king, stating that he was not �hanged or beheaded out of respect for this royal blood� (�propter reverenciam sanguinis regalis non fuit suspensus nec decapitatus�) but �was placed naked in cold water� (�sine femoralibus nudo marmori aquis frigidis resperso insedit�) and died from the effects of the cold[881].�

m firstly (contract 28 Dec 1289, Corbeil, Essonne 16 Aug 1290) MARGUERITE of Sicily, daughter of CHARLES II �le Boiteux� King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary ([1273]-31 Dec 1299, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1290 "in crastino Assumptionis beat� Virginis Dei genitricis Mari� apud castrum Corbolii" of "Karolus comes Valesii frater regis Franci� Philippi" and "Karoli regis Sicili�...unam de filiabus", adding that his father-in-law gave him "Andegavi� et Cenomani� comitatus"[882].� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death "in festo S. Silvestri" of "domina Margarita comitissa Valesii mater regis Philippi de Valesio"[883].�

m secondly (Priory of Saint-Cloud, near Paris 28 Feb 1301) CATHERINE I titular Empress of Constantinople, Marquise de Namur, Dame de Courtenay, daughter of PHILIPPE de Courtenay titular Emperor of Constantinople, King of Thessaly & his wife B�atrice of Sicily (1274-Paris 11 Oct 1307 or 2 Jan 1308, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis names "Catherina" as only daughter of "Balduino imperatore...Philippus eiusdem filius" and his wife "filiam Karoli regis Sicili�"[884].� �Catharina...Imperatrix Constantinopolitana� transferred �terram nostram de Cortenayo, de Blacon, de Hellebek et de Breviller� to �domini nostri Caroli germani...Philippi...Francorum regis�, stated in the document to be before their marriage, by charter dated [end Jan] 1300 (O.S.?)[885].� The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the second marriage in 1300 of "Karolus comes Valesii" and "Catharinam...Philippi filii Balduini imperatoris Gr�ci� quondam expulsi filiam", adding that she brought with her "jus imperii"[886].� She transferred her rights to Courtenay, Namur and the empire of Constantinople to her husband 23 Apr 1301[887].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the death "pr�cedenti die lun�...in villa sancti Audoeni, apud Pr�dicatores parisienses" in 1307 of "Catherina heres Constantinopolitani imperii, Karoli fratris regis uxor secunda" and her burial "die Jovis post festum beati Dionysii martyris"[888].� The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "V Id Oct" of "Catharina imperatrix Constantinopolitana"[889].� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death "Martis post S. Silvestrum" of "domina Catharina comitissa Valesii imperatrix Constantinopolitana"[890].�

m thirdly (Poitiers Jul 1308) MATHILDE de Ch�tillon, daughter of GUY [III] de Ch�tillon Comte de St Pol & his wife Marie de Bretagne (1293-3 Oct 1358, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the third marriage in 1308 of "comes Valesii Karolus" and "filiam Guidonis comitis sancti Pauli"[891].�

Charles Comte de Valois & his first wife had six children:

1. ISABELLE de Valois ([1292]-1309).� The Liber Pluscardensis records that "Edwardo de Balliolo�regis Scoci� filio" was betrothed to "nepte�regis Franci�", further identified in a later passage as "Karoli de Valoiz et Andegavensis comitis�filiam germani [sui]", dated to [1295] from the context[892].� The marriage contract between �Philippo...regi Francorum...nepte vestra seu consanguinei� and �Johannes...Scoti� rex...Edvardo filio nostro primogenito et h�rede� is dated 5 Jul 1295[893].� A second marriage contract between �Charles fiuz au roi de France, conte de Valeys, d�Alencon, de Chartres et de Aungeo...nostre esnee fille, niece...le roi de France� and �Johan...roi d�Ecosse...l�esne fiuz� is dated 23 Oct 1295[894].� The marriage contract between �Charles filz de Roy de France comte de Valois, d�Alen�on, de Chartres et d�Anjou et Marguerite sa femme comtesse...Isabeau nostre premiere et ainsn�e fille� and �Jehan Duc de Bretaigne comte de Richemont...filz ainsn� Artur de Bretaigne ainsn� filz de nous dit Duc� dated 18 Feb 1297 (O.S.)[895].� The marriage contract between �Charles filz de Roy de France comte de Valois, d�Alen�on, de Chartres et d�Anjou et Marguerite sa femme comtesse...Isabeau nostre premiere et ainsn�e fille� and �Jehan Duc de Bretaigne comte de Richemont...filz ainsn� Artur de Bretaigne ainsn� filz de nous dit Duc� dated 18 Feb 1297 (O.S.)[896].� Betrothed (contracts 5 Jul and 23 Oct 1295) to EDWARD Balliol, son of JOHN Balliol King of Scotland & his wife Isabel de Warenne (-[May 1363/Sep 1365]).� m (18 Feb 1298) as his first wife, JEAN de Bretagne, son of ARTHUR de Bretagne [later ARTHUR II Duke of Brittany] & his first wife Marie de Limoges (Ch�teauroux, Indre 8 Mar 1286-Caen, Calvados 30 Apr 1341, bur Plo�rmel, Morbihan, Chapelle des Carmes).� Vicomte de Limoges 1301.� He succeeded his father in 1312 as JEAN III "le Bon" Duke of Brittany.�

2. PHILIPPE de Valois (1293-Abbaye de Coulombs, near Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 22 Aug 1350, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the birth in 1293 of "Rex Philippus de Valesio"[897].� Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 20 May 1314.� He succeeded his father in 1325 as Comte de Valois.� He succeeded in 1328 as PHILIPPE VI "le Fortun�" King of France.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus...filius Karoli comitis Valesii" became king after "regina Johanna uxor nuper Karoli regis" gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328[898].�

-�� see below.�

3. JEANNE de Valois ([1294]-Abbaye de Fontenelles, Hainaut 7 Mar 1352, bur Abbaye de Fontenelles).� She became a Franciscan nun at the Abbaye de Fontenelles 2 Nov 1337.� m (Chauny, Aisne 19 May 1305) GUILLAUME III �le Bon� Comte de Hainaut [WILLEM III Count of Holland], son of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut [JAN II Count of Holland] & his wife Philippa de Luxembourg ([1280]-7 Jun 1337, bur Valenciennes, �glise des Franciscains).�

4. MARGUERITE de Valois ([1295]-Jul 1342).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis which records the betrothal in 1308 of "Guido quondam comitis Blesensis primogenitus" and "filia Karolii Valesii ex conjuge Catherina adhuc tener� �tatis"[899].� This source apparently incorrectly identifies the bride�s mother.� m (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines Oct 1298, in person after 6 Oct 1310) GUY [I] de Ch�tillon Comte de Blois, son of HUGUES de Ch�tillon Comte de Blois & Beatrix de Flandre (-after 12 Aug 1342, bur Abbaye de Laguiche, Coulanges, Loir-et-Cher).�

5. CHARLES de Valois ([1297]-killed in battle Cr�cy 26 Aug 1346, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 20 Jan 1334 under which "Charles de Valois, fr�re du roi de France, conte d�Alen�on et du Perche" granted le droit de colombier to the prior of Saint-Martin de Bell�me[900].� Comte de Chartres 1314.� He succeeded in Apr 1326 as Comte d'Alen�on et de Perche.�

-�� see below, Part C.� COMTES et DUCS d'ALEN�ON.�

6. CATHERINE de Valois ([1299]-young, bur Abbaye du Val-de-Sery, Picardie).� P�re Anselme records Catherine as youngest daughter of Charles Comte de Valois by his first marriage, adding that she died young and was buried �en l�abbaye du Val de Sery en Picardie�, without citing the corresponding primary sources[901].�

Charles Comte de Valois & his second wife had four children:

7. CATHERINE de Valois ([1302]-Naples Oct 1346).� She succeeded her mother in 1308 as titular Empress of Constantinople.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage "circa festum Magdalenes" in 1313 of "princeps Tarantinus" and "filiam comitis Valesii ex conjuge Catherina heredem Constantinopolitani imperii"[902].� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage (in 1313 from the context) of �le prince de Tarente� and �la fille de Charles conte de Valois, de Katerine sa femme heritiere de Constantinople�[903].� She sold Courtenay in 1313 to Jeanne "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne, wife of her half-brother Philippe de Valois (the future Philippe VI King of France).� On the death of her husband in 1332, she acted as regent for her son Robert.� After the 1332 exchange of territories between her son and her brother-in-law Jean Conte di Gravina, Catherine assumed the government of the principality of Achaia in her son's name[904].� She and her sons installed themselves at Patras in Morea from 1338 to 1341 and, with the help of her adviser Niccol� Acciaiuoli whom she named bailli of Achaia, Kefalonia and Lepanto, established their authority over the principality of Achaia[905].� Betrothed (contract Sens 15 Apr 1303, Papal dispensation 3 Jun 1307, renounced due to ill-health, confirmed 6 Apr 1312) to HUGUES de Bourgogne, son of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agn�s de France (1294-ch�teau d'Argilly, C�te d'Or early May 1315, bur 12 May Abbaye de C�teaux).� He succeeded his father in 1306 as HUGUES V Duke of Burgundy.� m (Fontainebleau end Jul 1313) as his second wife, PHILIPPE of Sicily Principe di Tarento, son of CHARLES II �le Boiteux� King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary ([1278/79?]-Naples 26 Dec 1332, bur Naples, San Dominico).� Prince of Achaia and Morea 1307-1313.� Despot of Romania 1294-1315.�

8. JEANNE de Valois ([1304]-Ch�teau-Gaillard 9 Jul 1363, bur Paris, �glise des Augustins).� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1316 of "Robertus Attrebatensis comitiss� nepos ex fratre" and "filiam comitis Valesii"[906].� She was called Madame d'Artois.� She encouraged her husband to revolt, the king her brother arrested her in 1334.� She was imprisoned at Ch�teau-Gaillard, where she died many years later.� [Betrothed (1308) to GUY Comte de Blois, son of HUGUES [II] de Ch�tillon Comte de Blois & his wife Beatrix de Flandre.]� Betrothed (1313) to CHARLES di Tarento Despot of Epirus, son of PHILIPPE of Sicily Principe di Tarento [Anjou-Capet] & his first wife Thamar Angelina Komnene Dukaina of Epirus ([1296]-killed in battle Montecatini, between Pistoia and Lucca 29 Aug 1315).� m (1318) ROBERT d'Artois Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger, son of PHILIPPE d�Artois Seigneur de Conches & his wife Blanche de Bretagne (1287-[Brest], Brittany end-Oct 1342, bur London, St Paul's).� He was banished from France and his assets confiscated 19 Mar 1332.�

9. JEAN de Valois (-died young).� P�re Anselme records Jean as the son of Charles Comte de Valois by his second marriage, adding that he died young, without citing the corresponding primary source[907].� Considering the date of the first betrothal of his sister Catherine, it is likely that Jean was younger than her.� Apart from that, there appears to be no data from which his birth date can be estimated.�

10. ISABELLE de Valois (-Abbaye de Fontevrault 11 Nov 1349, bur Fontevrault).� P�re Anselme records that her father granted annual revenue to Isabelle by letters dated 15 Mar 1313, for anniversaries for himself, his wife Catherine de Courtenay, and for Isabelle herself, confirmed by King Jean II by letters dated 10 Mar 1351[908].� Nun at Poissy.� Abbess of Fontevrault 1342, before 30 Jul.�

Charles Comte de Valois & his third wife had four children:

11. MARIE de Valois (-28 Oct 1331, bur Naples, Santa Chiara).� The Annales Ludovici di Raimo record the death "in San Nicola di Bari" in 1331 of "la duchessa di Calabria suore del Re di Francia" and her burial 21 Aug in "Santa Chiara di Napoli"[909].� m (Paris 4 Oct 1323, in person May 1324) as his second wife, CHARLES of Sicily, son of ROBERT King of Sicily and Jerusalem [Anjou-Capet] & his first Infanta do�a Violanta de Arag�n ([28 May] 1298-Naples 10 Nov 1328, bur Naples, Santa Chiara).� He was installed as Duca di Calabria in 1325, Viceroy of Sicily.��

12. ISABELLE de Valois (-Paris 26 Jul 1383, bur Paris, �glise des Fr�res mineurs).� The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage �le mardi devant la feste saint Denys, v jours au moys d�Octobre au Boys de Vinciennes� 1322 of �le filz � Louys conte de Clermont� and �la fille Charlez le conte de Valoiz�[910].� She became a nun at the convent des Cordeliers du Faubourg Saint-Marceau, Paris.� The testament of "Ysabeau de Valoys duchesse de Bourbon", dated 25 Jan 1379 (O.S.), appointed "notre...filz Loys duc de Bourbon" as her main executor[911].� m (Vincennes 5 Oct 1322) PIERRE de Bourbon, son of LOUIS I "le Boiteux" Duc de Bourbon & his wife Marie de Hainaut [Avesnes] ([1311]-killed in battle Poitiers 19 Sep 1356, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� He succeeded his father in 1342 as Duc de Bourbon.�

13. BLANCHE [Marguerite] de Valois (-Prague 1 Aug 1348, bur Prague St Veit).� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the betrothal in 1323 of "Wencezslaus Regis primogenitus" and "Blancza, soror fratris Philippi Regis de stirpe regia"[912].� The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the coronation in 1347 of Karl and "sua coniunx, Domina Blanca"[913].� The necrology of Maubuisson records the death of "Blanche de Valois femme de l'aisn� fils du roy de Boheme marquise de Moravie" on "VIII Kal Oct"[914].� The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the death "in die ad vincula sancti Petri" in 1348 of "Regina Blancza, coniunx Domini Karoli" and her burial "in Ecclesia Pragensi"[915].� m (Betrothed 1323, Prague May 1329) as his first wife, WENZEL KARL of Bohemia, son of JAN I King of Bohemia and Poland [JEAN I Comte de Luxembourg] & his wife Eliska [Elisabeth] of Bohemia [Přemyslid] (Prague 14 May 1316-Prague 29 Nov 1378, bur Prague, Cathedral of St Guy).� Mgf of Moravia 1334.� Elected KARL IV King of Germany at Rhena 11 Jul 1346, crowned at Bonn 26 Nov 1346.� He succeeded his father in 1346 as KARL King of Bohemia, crowned 2 Nov 1347.� Crowned as Emperor KARL IV at Rome 5 Apr 1355.��

14. LOUIS de Valois ([1317/18]-2 Nov 1328, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� P�re Anselme records that Louis was emancipated by the king at the request of his father �n�ayant encore que 7 ans� by letters dated May 1325[916].� Comte d'Alen�on et de Chartres, Seigneur de Ch�teauneuf-en-Thymerais.� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the death 2 Nov 1328 of "Ludovicus de Valesio filius dicti comitis [dominus Karolus comes Valesii] et frater regis"[917].�

PHILIPPE de Valois, son of CHARLES de France Comte de Valois & his first wife Marguerite of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] (1293-Abbaye de Coulombs, near Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 22 Aug 1350, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the birth in 1293 of "Rex Philippus de Valesio"[918].� Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 20 May 1314.� He succeeded his father in 1325 as Comte de Valois.� Named regent of the kingdom in 1328 on the death of his cousin King Charles IV, pending the birth of the queen�s child.� When she gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328, he succeeded as PHILIPPE VI "le Fortun�" King of France.� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Philippus...filius Karoli comitis Valesii" became king after "regina Johanna uxor nuper Karoli regis" gave birth to a daughter 1 Apr 1328[919].� He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims, 29 May 1328.� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the coronation "die S. Trinitatis" in 1328 of "Rex Philippus de Valesio"[920].� He renounced the crown of Navarre at Saint-Germain-en-Laye Apr 1328 in favour of Jeanne de France, daughter of Louis X King of France, and her husband Philippe Comte d'Evreux.� He confiscated Guyenne and other English possessions in France 24 May 1337, declaring war on England in 1338 in reaction for the English king's claim to the French throne at Westminster 7 Oct 1337.� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death 22 Aug 1350 of �le roy Phelippe� at �Nogent le Roy pr�s de Coulons� and his burial �le samedy ensuivant...� Saint Denys...et les entrailles en furent aux Jacobins de Paris et le cuer...� Bourfontaine en Valois�[921].� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "X Kal Sep" of "princeps dominus Philippus rex Francie"[922].�

m firstly (contract Sens, Yonne 24 Mar 1303, Fontainebleau end Jul 1313) JEANNE "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne, daughter of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agn�s de France ([1293/94]-H�tel de Nesle, Paris 12 Dec 1349, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� She was invested with Courtenay at Fontainebleau in July 1313.� She was consecrated queen with her husband at Notre Dame de Reims 29 May 1328.� A forceful person, she exercised great influence over her husband, who named her regent during his absence in August 1338.� Henri IV Comte de Bar appointed her regent of the county of Bar under his will 30 Nov 1344, during the minority of his son.� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death 12 Dec 1349 of �madame Jehanne royne de France, jadis fille de monseigneur Robert duc de Bourgoigne et de madame Agn�s fille de monseigneur saint Loys� and her burial �en l�eglise de monseigneur daint Denis le XVII jour de ce meismes mois...et son cuer fu enterr� � Cistiaux en Bourgoigne�[923].� The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "II Id Dec" of "domina Johanna quondam regina Francie mater�domini Johannis regis Francie"[924].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "II Id Dec" of "domine Johanne filia ducis Burgundie quondam regine Francie"[925].�

m secondly (Brie-Comte-Robert, Seine-et-Marne 11 Jan 1350) Infanta do�a BLANCA de Navarra, daughter of FELIPE III �el Bueno� [d�Evreux] King of Navarre & his wife Juana II [de France] Queen of Navarre ([1331]-Ch�teau de Neaufles-Saint-Martin, Eure 5 Oct 1398, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the second marriage 19 Jan 1350 of �le roy de France Phelippe� and �Blanche jadis fille de la royne de Navarre...�[926].� She was never consecrated Queen of France.� The Chronique Rouennaise records the death �� Neaufle samedi v d�octobre� 1399 of �madame Blanche jadiz fame au roy Philippe de Vallois�[927].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "III Non Oct" of "Blanche Francie regina regis Philippi de Valesio quondam consortis"[928].�

Mistress (1): ---.�

Mistress (2): BEATRICE de la Berru�re, daughter of --- (1294-1348).� The primary source which names Philippe�s mistress has not yet been identified.� Marcellin Boudet suggests that the mother of King Philippe�s illegitimate son Thomas de la Marche was Blanche de Bourgogne [Comt�], first wife of Charles Comte de la Marche (the future Charles IV King of France), particularly in order to explain why Thomas was named "de la Marche"[929].� The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Margareta Navarr� regina juvencula et Blancha regis Navarr� Karoli fratris junioris uxor" were accused of adultery respectively with "Philippo et Galtero de Alneto fratribus militibus" in 1314, and in a later passage under 1315 that "Blancha", while in prison, became pregnant by her jailer or according to others by her own husband ("a serviente quodam eius custodi� deputato dicebatur...a proprio [comite] diceretur")[930].� Boudet quotes correspondence between various members of the French royal family and Pope John XXII, dated May to Aug 1318, requesting an urgent annulment of the marriage, and insinuating (although not expressly stating) that the pregnancy was the real reason for the urgency[931].� However, the annulment was not then granted (it was finally issued in May 1322 on grounds of consanguinity), which suggests that the urgency no longer applied, either because the pregnancy ended or the child was stillborn.� If that is correct, it is unlikely that Blanche�s child was Thomas de la Marche, who died in 1361 as noted below.�

King Philippe VI & his first wife had nine children:

1. JEAN de Valois (Ch�teau de Gu�-de-Mauny, Le Mans, Sarthe 26 Apr 1319-Savoy Hotel, London 8 Apr 1364, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� He succeeded his father in 1350 as JEAN II "le Bon" King of France.�

-�� see below.�

2. MARIE de Valois (-Paris 22 Sep 1333, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� Froissart records that Philippe VI King of France betrothed "sa fille" to "l�ainnet fil le ducq de Braibant" after breaking her betrothal to the son of the comte de Hainaut[932].� The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage in 1332 of �le filz ainsn� du duc de Breban de l�aage de ix ans ou environ� and �ma dame Marie fille du roy de France Philippe de Valoiz�[933].� The Chronique Parisienne records the death �le merquedi aprez la feste saint Mathieu appostre et euvangeliste au moys de septembre� of �ma dame Marie duchesse de Lanbour fille du roy Philippe de France, qui avoit est� mari�e en l�an precedent au duc de Lanbourc filz au duc de Breban� and her burial �� Paris en l�eglise des Freres Mineurs Cordeliers�[934].� m (contract Cr�vec�ur-en-Brie, Seine-et-Marne 8 Jul 1332) JEAN de Brabant, son of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux [Capet] (24 Nov 1327-1335/6, bur Tervueren). �

3. LOUIS de France (born and died Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 17 Jan 1329, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� A Fragmentum historicum from the Codex Pater records the birth and death 17 Jan 1328 (O.S.) of "Ludovicus filius...regis Philippi de Valesio"[935].�

4. LOUIS de France (8 Jun 1330-23 Jun 1330, bur Paris, �glise des Cordeliers).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth �le vendredi� 8 Jun 1330 of �Louys le tiers filz du roy de France Philippe de Valoiz�[936].� The Grandes Chroniques de France record that �la royne de France, suer au duc de Bourgoigne et femme du roy Phelippe� gave birth �environ le mi juing� [1330] from the context to �I enfant...Loys� who died 15 days later and was buried �en l�eglise des Freres Meneurs � Paris�[937].� The Chronique Parisienne records the death �le vendredi jour de feste saint Pierre et saint Pol...en Saint-Germain-en-laye� Jun 1330 of �Louys l�enffant de France nouvellement nez�[938].�

5. JEAN de France (born and died 2 Oct 1333, bur Priory of Poissy, Yvelines).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth 2 Oct 1333 to �Jehanne la roynne de France� of �ung filz qui tantost mourut et sans baptesme si comme l�en dist�[939].� P�re Anselme notes that an inscription at Poissy records his death 2 Oct 1333 �en bas �ge�[940].�

6. son (Maubuisson, Saint Ouen l'Aum�ne, Val-d'Oise stillborn 28 May 1335).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth 28 May 1335 �en l�abbaie royale de Nostre-Dame-de-Maubuisson delez Ponthoise� of �ung filz mort-n�� to �la Roynne Jehanne fame du roy�[941].�

7. PHILIPPE de France (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 1 Jul 1336-Orl�ans 1 Sep 1375, bur Orl�ans, �glise Sainte-Croix).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth 1 Jul 1336 �au Bois-de-Vincennes� of �ung filz...Philippe� to �Jehanne la roynne de France�[942].� Comte de Valois [1336].� Humbert II Dauphin de Viennois named him heir to the Dauphin� 23 Feb 1343, but his brother Jean persuaded the Dauphin to substitute him as heir 7 Jun 1344.� Duc d'Orl�ans, Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger, Vicomte de Breteuil by his father 16 Apr 1344.� Jeanne de Savoie, widow of Jean III Duke of Brittany and daughter of Edouard Comte de Savoie, bequeathed her titular rights to the county of Savoie to Philippe by testament before her death in Jun 1344, but his father abandoned in his name all rights to Savoy in favour of Comte Am�d�e VI at Chamb�ry 25 Feb 1347 in return for the castles of Milly and Bic�tre.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that King Jean II knighted �monseigneur Phelippe, duc d�Orliens, frere du dit roy Jehan� after his coronation in 1350[943].� He lost Beaumont-le-Roger and Breteuil to his brother King Jean II 5 Mar 1353.� He was captured at the battle of Poitiers 1356, and held hostage until 1360.� The necrology of Orl�ans Cathedral records the death �Kal Sep� of �Philippus, Regis Francie filius, dux Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comes�, adding that he was buried in the cathedral[944].� m (contract 8 Jan 1344) BLANCHE de France Ctss de Beaumont-le-Roger, posthumous daughter of CHARLES IV King of France & his third wife Jeanne d'Evreux (posthumously Ch�teauneuf near Orl�ans 1 Apr 1328-Vincennes 8 Feb 1393, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the marriage 18 Jan 1345 of �Phelippe filz du roy de France, estant en aage de X ans� and �madame Blanche fille de Charles roy de France...en aage de XVIII ans� at �Paris ou palais le roy�[945].� The necrology of Orl�ans Cathedral records that �domina Blancha, Regis Francie et Navarre et filia, ducissa Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comitissa�dicti domini quondam sponsa� made donations on the death of �Philippus, Regis Francie filius, dux Aurelianensis, Valesie et Bellimontis comes�[946].� Philippe had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:��

a) son "le b�tard d'Orl�ans" (-Ch�teau-Thierry, Aisne [1380]).� He was brought up at Bourges with Jean de France Duc de Berry.� P�re Anselme notes that �[le] compte de la chambre aux deniers du duc de Berry� in 1380 records a payment to �Perrin Godeau, garde de la personnne de feu le b�tard d�Orl�ans�[947].��

b) LOUIS b�tard d'Orl�ans (-Jerusalem 27 Mar 1395, bur Paris Notre-Dame).� Monk at the Abbaye de Saint-Lucien at Beauvais.� Counsellor at the Parliament of Paris.� Elected Bishop of Poitiers Mar 1391.� Legitimated 22 Nov 1392.� Elected Bishop of Beauvais, Comte et pair de France 1394.�

8. JEANNE de France (born and died Vincennes Nov 1337).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth �le mercredi devant la saint Climent au Boiz-de-Vincennes� of �une fille...Jehanne� to �Jehanne la roynne de France�, adding that she died �l�endemain ensuivant�[948].�

9. son (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes summer 1343).� The primary source which confirms his existence has not been identified.� He is not included by P�re Anselme in his list of children of King Philippe VI[949].�

King Philippe VI & his second wife had one child:

10. JEANNE de France (posthumously May 1351-B�ziers 16 Sep 1371, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the betrothal 16 Jul 1370 at Paris of �Madame Jehanne de France fille du roy Phelippe...et de la royne Blanche qui encore vivoit� by proxy to �Jehan ainsn� filz du roy d�Arragon duc de Gironne�[950].� She died on the way to meet her future husband.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 16 Sep 1271 �� Bediers� of �madame Jehanne de France...fille du roy Phelippe de France� on her way to Aragon for her marriage, and her burial �en l�eglise cathedral de la dite ville de Bediers�[951].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle commemorates "Philippi regis de Valesio et Johanne Francie eius filie" on "XI Kal Sep", also naming "Blancha regina quondam dicti Philippi uxor et mater dicte Johanne"[952].� Betrothed (contract 16 Jul 1370) to Infante don JUAN de Arag�n Duque de Gerona, son of PEDRO IV "el Ceremonioso" King of Aragon & his third wife Eleonora of Sicily [Aragon] (Perpignan 27 Dec 1350-Foixa 19 May 1396).� He succeeded his father in 1387 as JUAN I "el Cazador" King of Aragon.�

King Philippe VI had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):�

11. JEAN (-after 1350).� P�re Anselme notes that �Thomas de Walsingham, historien Anglois� attributed to King Philippe VI �un fils naturel...Jean� who defeated �un chevalier d�Ypres en Flandres� in a duel in 1350[953].��

King Philippe VI had one illegitimate son by Mistress (2):��

12. THOMAS de la Marche "Albus" (1318-[Sep] 1361).� His life has been studied by Marcellin Boudet[954].� The Chronicle of Geoffrey Le Baker de Swynebroke, written in 1356, names "Thomas de la Marche, fran�ais de nation et fils du roi Philippe"[955].� Thomas de Walsingham�s Chronicle, written in [1388], names "Dominum Johannem bastard filium Philippi regis Francorum" iin 1350[956].� He fought with Hugues IV King of Cyprus in 1343, then with Leo IV King of Armenia.� He entered the service of Jeanne I Queen of Naples in 1346, and took part in the siege of Catania in 1348[957].� Edward III King of England granted supplies and protection to �Thomas le Bastard de Francia miles� to come to England for a duel with �Johannem Viscontes militem� by charter dated 24 Jun 1350[958].� Edward III King of England records the duel between �Thomas de la Marche Bastardo Franci� nuncupato� and �Johanne Viscount miles�, in which the latter was defeated, by charter dated 12 Oct 1350 which also relates the background to the duel in some detail[959].� The Chronicle of Geoffrey le Baker of Swinbrook records that �duo milites stipendiarii domini regis Armenie...alter...Iohannes de Viscomite nacione Ciprius alterum...Thomam de la Marche nacione Gallicum et filium Philippi nuper regis Francie set illegitimum� came to England to fight a duel in the presence of the English king[960].� He was granted the arms of la Marche in Nov 1350.� Legitimated in Mar 1353.�

JEAN de Valois, son of PHILIPPE de Valois [later PHILIPPE VI King of France] & his first wife Jeanne "la Boiteuse" de Bourgogne [Capet] (Ch�teau de Gu�-de-Mauny, Le Mans, Sarthe 26 Apr 1319-Savoy Hotel, London 8 Apr 1364, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Called "Jean de France" from the accession of his father 1328.� Duc de Normandie, Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 17 Feb 1332.� He persuaded Humbert II Dauphin de Viennois to name him as heir to the Dauphin� 7 Jun 1344, in place of his younger brother Philippe who had been named heir 23 Feb 1343.� Installed as Comte de Poitou [Jan/26 May] 1344.� Duc de Guyenne 11 Sep 1345.� He succeeded his father in 1350 as JEAN II "le Bon" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 26 Sep 1350.� He succeeded in recapturing Normandy from the English in 1355.� He was captured at the battle of Poitiers 19 Sep 1356 and taken to London as a prisoner, liberated by the Treaty of Br�tigny 8 May 1360, returning to Paris 13 Dec 1360.� He inherited the duchy of Burgundy, as the nearest male heir, on the death of Philippe I "de Rouvres" Duke of Burgundy and declared it reunited to the crown by charter at Paris in Nov 1361.� He was in London to negotiate the release of his son Jean Duc de Berry when he died.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death during the night of 8 Apr 1364 at London of �le...roy de France�, and in a later passage his burial at �Saint-Anthoine pr�s de Paris�[961].� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "VI Id Apr" of "dominus Joannes Francorum rex"[962].�

m firstly (Notre-Dame de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 28 Jul 1332) GUTA of Bohemia, daughter of JAN I King of Bohemia [JEAN I Comte de Luxembourg] & his first wife Eliska [Elisabeth] of Bohemia [Přemyslid] (Prague 20 May 1315-Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aum�ne, Val-d'Oise 3 or 11 Sep 1349, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson).� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) names "Guta" as second daughter of "Regina"[963].� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the betrothal in 1322 of "Iohannes Rex�Gutam�filiam�minorem" and "Friderico Marchioni Misnensi"[964].� The Chronique Parisienne records the marriage 28 Jul 1332 �� Melun-sur-Sainne� of �Jehan dit de France de l�aage de xv ans ou environ filz de Philippe le roy de France� and �ma dame Bonne fille Jehan le roy de Behangne�[965].� She was� known as BONNE in France, Dss de Normandie.� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the death 11 Aug 1349 of �madame Bonne duchesse de Normandie, femme de monseigneur Jehan premier n� du roy de France et duc de Normandie� and her burial �le XVII jour du mois d�aoust en l�eglise des suers de Maubuisson empr�s Pontoise�[966].� The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "III Non Sep" of "domina Bona filia regis Bohemie quondam ducissa Normannie"[967].�

m secondly (Sainte-Gemme, Feucherolles, Yvelines 9 Feb 1350) as her second husband, JEANNE Ctss d'Auvergne et de Boulogne, widow of PHILIPPE de Bourgogne "Monsieur" Comte d'Artois [Capet], daughter of GUILLAUME [XI] Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne & his wife Marguerite d'Evreux (8 May 1326-Vadans, Haute-Sa�ne 29 Sep 1360, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Grandes Chroniques de France record the second marriage 9 Feb 1350 of �Jehan ainsn� filz du roy de France� and �Jehanne contesse de Bouloigne�, who had been the wife of �monseigneur Phelippe filz du duc Huedes de Bourgoigne� who had died �de sa mort naturele devant Aguillon, lorsque ledit duc de Normandie y fut � siege l�an 1346�, in �la chappelle de madame sainte Jame pr�s de Saint Germain en Laye�[968].� The marriage contract between "Jean aisne fils du roy de France" and "Jeanne de Bouloigne comtesse de Bouloigne et d�Auvergne" is dated 13 Dec 1352[969].� She was consecrated Queen of France at Notre-Dame de Reims 26 Sep 1350 with her husband.�

King Jean II & his first wife had eleven children:�

1. BLANCHE de France ([1336]-young).� The primary source which confirms her birth has not been identified.� P�re Anselme does not include Blanche among Jean II�s children[970].� Sainte-Marthe names Blanche and Catherine last in his list of Jean II�s children, adding that they died young and that they were �issues du second mariage du roy Jean, selon Paradin�[971].�

2. CHARLES de France (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 21 Jan 1338-Ch�teau de Beaut�-sur-Marne, Nogent-sur-Marne 16 Sep 1380, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth �vigille de feste saint Vincent...au Boiz-de-Vincennes� 1338 of �Charles filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normandie et de ma dame Bonne sa fame fille le conte de Lucembourc�[972].� He succeeded his father in 1364 as CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 19 May 1364.��

-�� see below.

3. CATHERINE de France ([1338]-young).� The primary source which confirms her birth has not been identified.� P�re Anselme does not include Catherine among Jean II�s children[973].� Sainte-Marthe names Blanche and Catherine last in his list of Jean II�s children, adding that they died young and that they were �issues du second mariage du roy Jean, selon Paradin�[974].�

4. LOUIS de France (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 23 Jul 1339-Biseglia Castle near Bari 20 Sep 1384, bur Angers Cath�drale Saint-Maurice).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth �le mardi aprez la feste saint-Jasques et saint Cristofle au moys de juillet au Boiz-de-Vincennes� 1339 of �Loys le segond filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normendie�[975].� Comte de Poitiers.� Comte d'Anjou et du Maine 1351.� Duc d'Anjou at Calais Oct 1360.�

-�� DUCS d'ANJOU.�

5. JEAN de France (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 30 Nov 1340-Paris, H�tel de Nesle 15 Jun 1416, bur Bourges Sainte-Chapelle).� Comte de Poitou.� Duc de Berry et d'Auvergne at Boulogne-sur-Mer Oct 1360, confirmed at Paris 3 Mar 1375, and at Vincennes Dec 1380.� He was sent to England as a hostage under the Treaty of Br�tigny 1360, remaining there for nine years.� With his three brothers, he was regent during the minority of his nephew King Charles VI.� Governor of Languedoc 19 Nov 1380.� Principe di Tarento, by donation of his brother Louis Duc d'Anjou at Avignon 30 May 1380.� He exchanged Tarento at Cavaillon 11 Sep 1385 for the counties of Etampes and Gien with his sister-in-law Marie Dss d'Anjou.� Appointed Governor of Paris 21 Aug 1405.� He was head of the Armagnac party, constituted after his alliance at Gien 18 Apr 1410 with the dukes of Brittany and Orl�ans, and the counts of Alen�on, Clermont and Armagnac, aimed at releasing and restoring King Charles VI to power.� The Chronique Rouennaise records the death �� Paris xvi jour de jung� 1416 of �monsr. de Berry�[976].� The testament of �Jean fils de Roy de France, Duc de Berry et d�Auvergne, Comte de Poictou, d�Estampes, de Boulongne et d�Auvergne�, dated 25 May 1416, bequeathed property to �nos...compagne et filles Jeanne, Bonne [...Comtesse d�Armagnac] et Marie...Duchesse de Bourbon�[977].� The Geste des Nobles records the death in Paris in May 1416 of �le duc Jehan de Berry et d�Auvergne conte de Poitou� and his burial �en la chapelle de Bourges�[978].� A compulsive collector of art, he lived a life of style and luxury in his palaces at Bourges, Poitiers, Bic�tre and Paris (H�tel de Nesle).� His collection of illuminated manuscripts survives.� m firstly (contract Carcassonne, Aude 24 Jun 1360, Rodez, Aveyron 17 Oct 1360) JEANNE d'Armagnac, daughter of JEAN [I] Comte d'Armagnac & his second wife B�atrice de Clermont ([1346]-Mar 1387).� The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names as his heirs, in turn, "filii nostri Johannis primogeniti�Bernardum filium nostrum secundo genitum�Johannam filiam nostrum�"[979].� The testament of "domina Beatrix de Clermont, comitissa Armaniaci, dominaque Charrolesio, uxor�domini Johannes comitis Armaniaci", dated 20 Aug 1361, appoints "filiam nostrum Johannam, Bituri� et Alverni� ducessam ac�dominos Johannem de Francia, Bituri� et Alverni� necnon et Burgendie et Borboni duces, et comitem Pardiaci�"[980].� A second testament of "Johannes�comes Armaignaci, Fesensiaci et Ruthene, vicecomesque Leomani� et Altivillaris ac dominus terre Ripparie", dated 5 Apr 1373, names "�Johanne�filie nostre�uxorique domini ducis de Beriui et Alvernie�"[981].� P�re Anselme records her death �� la my-mars 1387 comme il s�apprend du 5. compte de Jean Perdrier ma�tre de la chambre aux deniers de la reine�[982].� m secondly (contract 9 Mar 1389, Riom, Puy-de-D�me 5 Jun 1390) as her first husband, JEANNE d'Auvergne, daughter of JEAN II Comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne & his wife El�onore Ctss de Comminges (1378-before 6 Feb 1423, bur Bourges Sainte-Chapelle).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records the marriage �ver la fin mai...� Bourges�, 1389 from the context, of �monseigneur Jean duc de Berri� and �la fille et l�h�riti�re l�gitime du comte de Boulogne...ni�ce du comte de Foix�, adding that the couple was childless which was generally attributed to �la disproportion de leur �ge�[983].� The marriage contract between �le duc de Barri et d�Auvergne comte de Poictou� and "Jehan comte de Bologne et d�Auvergne et damoiselle Jehanne de Bologne fille dudit comte" is dated 5 Jun 1389[984].� She succeeded her father in 1394 as JEANNE II Ctss d'Auvergne et de Boulogne.� She married secondly (Aigueperse-en-Auvergne, Puy-de-D�me 16 Nov 1416) as his first wife, Georges Seigneur de La Tr�mo�lle [Grand Chamberlain of France] ([1385]-6 May 1446, bur Ch�teau de Sully).� The marriage contract between �messire Georges de la Tremoille chevalier seigneur des baronnies de Sully et de Craon� and "Madame Jehanne de Bologne et d�Auvergne" is dated 16 Nov 1416[985].� Duke Jean & his first wife had five children:

a) CHARLES de Berry ([1362]-before 1382).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified.� Comte de Montpensier.� P�re Anselme says that he died �avant l�an 1382� but cites no source for this information[986].� m ([1381]) as her first husband, MARIE de Sully, daughter and heiress of LOUIS Seigneur de Sully & his wife Isabelle Dame de Craon.� P�re Anselme records her parentage and first marriage (as well as her two later marriages) but does not cite the corresponding primary sources[987].� She married secondly (1382) Guy [V] de la Tr�mo�lle Seigneur de la Tr�mo�lle, and thirdly (29 Jan 1401) Charles [I] Seigneur d'Albret Comte de Dreux.�

b) LOUIS de Berry ([1364]-after Jul 1383).� P�re Anselme records that he was living in Jul 1383 �comme il s�apprend d�un compte de de la chambre aux deniers du duc de Berry�[988].�

c) BONNE de Berry (-Carlat, Cantal 30 Dec 1435, bur Rodez �glise des Cordeliers).� The contract of marriage between "Amey Comte de Savoie�Amey fils dudit Monsieur le Comte" and "Monsieur Jean fils Roy de France, Duc de Berry et d�Auvergne, Comte de Mascon�Madame Bonne fille dudit Monsieur le Duc" is dated 7 May 1372[989].� She arrived in Savoie in 1381.� The testament of "Dominus Amedeus comes Sabaudi�" dated 1 Oct 1391 made bequests to "�Domina Bona de Biturio eius consorte"[990].� Passed over by her husband as regent for their son in favour of her mother-in-law, the ensuing dispute was settled by agreement 8 May 1393.� Dame de Faucigny, by cession of her mother-in-law at Chamb�ry 4 May 1393.� The Geste des Nobles records that �le conte Bernart d�Armaignac� married �l�aisn�e fille de Berry�[991].� Dame de Carlat, by cession of her father at Bourges Nov 1410.� �Domina Bona de Biturio comitissa Armaniaci et Ruthenensis vicecomitissa vicecomitatus Carlatensis� granted �medietatem totius vicecomitatus Carlatensis� to �dominus Bernardus de Armaniaco milite...Bernardi...condam comitis Armanaci filius...eius filium�, reserving the usufruct to herself, by charter dated 4 Aug 1422[992].� "Bonne de Berry comtesse d�Armagnac, vicomtesse de Carlad�s, dame de Faucigny, Beaufort et Tarentaise en Savoie" appointed �Amaury de S�verac mar�chal de France� as her ambassador to negotiate the marriage contract between �Bernard d�Armagnac comte de Pardiac son fils� and �Ali�nor fille de Jacques de Bourbon roi de J�rusalem, de Hongrie et de Sicile� by charter dated 1 Jul 1424[993].� She renounced Faucigny in 1427 in favour of her son Am�d�e VIII Duke of Savoy.� The testament of "Bonne de Berry comtesse d�Armagnac et de Rhodes vicomtesse de Carlades, veuve de Bernard comte d�Armagnac et Rhodes", dated 18 Sep 1430, appointed �son fils Bernard d�Armagac comte de Pardiac� as her heir, bequeathed property to �Isabeau de Navarre, femme de Jean comte d�Armagnac son fils...Ali�nor de Bourbon femme de Bernard d�Armagnac...sa petite.fille Bonne fille dudit Jean et de Blanche de Bretagne sa premi�re femme...Am�d�e duc de Savoie son fils issu de son premi�re mariage...sa fille Bonne de Savoie princesse de Mor�e...Jeanne de Savoie marquise de Montferrat son autre fille...Bonne d�Armagnac sa fille duchesse d�Orl�ans...Anne d�Armagnac dame d�Albret sa fille�[994].� m firstly (contract Valence, Dr�me 7 May 1372, Paris H�tel Saint-Pol 18 Jan 1377) AMEDEE de Savoie Comte de Bresse, son of AMEDEE VI Comte de Savoie & his wife Bonne de Bourbon (Ch�teau de Chamb�ry 24 Feb 1360-Ch�teau de Ripaille, Thonon 1 Nov 1391, bur Abbaye de Hautecombe, Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille, Savoie).� He succeeded his father 1383 as AMEDEE VII "le Comte Roux" Comte de Savoie.� m secondly (contract Ch�teau de Mehun-sur-Y�vre, Cher 2 Dec 1393) BERNARD [VII] Comte d'Armagnac, son of JEAN [II] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Jeanne de P�rigord (1364-murdered Paris 12 Jun 1418).� Encouraged by his father-in-law, he became a leading adversary of the Burgundian party.� Appointed Conn�table de France 30 Dec 1415.� He was killed by the Burgundians.��

d) MARIE de Berry (-Lyon Jun 1434, bur Priory of Souvigny).� The necrology of the church of Eu records that "Maria de Berry uxor sua" donated "centum libras annui redditus" for masses for "domini Philippi comitis de Augo conestablularii Franci�" who died "inter Sarracenos"[995].� P�re Anselme records the contract for her third marriage dated 27 May 1400[996].� She was appointed Dss d'Auvergne, Ctss de Montpensier 26 Apr 1418, confirmed 1425.� Her third husband appointed her administrator of all his estates 17 Jan 1421 during his imprisonment.� m firstly (contract Bourges, Cher 29 Mar 1386, Bourges Saint-Etienne 1386) LOUIS [II] de Ch�tillon Comte de Dunois, son of GUY [II] de Ch�tillon Comte de Soissons, de Blois et de Dunois & his wife Marie de Namur (-Beaumont en Hainaut 15 Jul 1391).� m secondly (contract Paris 27 Jan 1393) PHILIPPE d'Artois Comte d'Eu, son of JEAN d'Artois Comte d'Eu & his wife Marie de Namur (1358-Mihali��ik, Anatolia 16 Jun 1397, bur Eu, Abbaye de Saint-Laurent, or bur Constantinople, Convent of Saint-Fran�ois de Galata).� Appointed Conn�table de France 31 Dec 1392 by Charles VI King of France.� He fought in Palestine, was captured by the Turks but was freed by Mar�chal Boucicaut.� He was captured again at the siege of Nicopolis.� He was captured by the Turks after the failed siege of Nicopolis in Sep 1396, and died soon after.� m thirdly (contract Paris 27 May 1400, in person Paris, Palais du Roi 21 Jun 1401) JEAN de Bourbon Comte de Clermont, son of LOUIS II "le Bon" Duc de Bourbon & his wife Anne Dauphine d'Auvergne Ctss de Forez (Mar 1381-in prison London 5 Jan 1434, bur Priory of Souvigny).� Chamberlain of France 18 Mar 1408.� He succeeded his father 1410 as Duc de Bourbon.� He was captured by the English at the battle of Agincourt 1415, and remained a prisoner for the rest of his life.�

e) JEAN de Berry (4 Feb 1377-1397, before 17 Nov).� The primary source which confirms his date of birth has not been identified.� Comte de Montpensier.� According to Kerrebrouck, Jean died after his father, although he cites no source in support[997].� Such a late date of death is inconsistent with his wife's remarriage in 1402, unless she was divorced from her first husband although no mention of any such divorce has been found.� It is also contradicted by the reference to his funeral which follows.� The funeral of Jean de Berry took place 17 Nov 1397 at �l�h�tel de la Grange�[998].� m firstly (Papal dispensation 5 Aug 1386, la Noble-Maison de Saint Ouen near Paris 5 Aug 1386) CATHERINE de France, daughter of CHARLES V King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 4 Feb 1378-Oct 1388, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aum�ne, Val d'Oise).� P�re Anselme says that she died young �au mois d�octobre 1388� and was buried at Maubuisson abbey �comme il s�apprend du 6. compte de Jean Perdrier ma�tre de la chambre aux deniers de la reine�[999].� m secondly (1390) as her first husband, ANNE de Bourbon, daughter of JEAN I de Bourbon Comte de la Marche et de Vend�me & his wife Catherine Ctss de Vend�me (-Paris Sep 1408, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� She married secondly (Paris 1 Oct 1402) as his first wife, Ludwig von Bayern-Ingolstadt, who succeeded in 1413 as Ludwig VII Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt.�

6. PHILIPPE de France (Pontoise 15 Jan 1342-Hall, 27 Apr 1404, bur Dijon).� Duc de Touraine 1360-1364.� He was installed as PHILIPPE II "le Hardi" Duke of Burgundy at Germiny-sur-Marne 6 Sep 1363, 1^st pair de France.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that on 31 May 1364 King Charles V granted �la duchi� de Bourgoigne� to �Monseigneur Phelippe son plus jeune frere� who resigned �la duchi� de Touraine�, granted by his father in 1360, to his brother[1000].� With his three brothers, he was Regent during the minority of his nephew Charles VI King of France.� Comte de Mortagne 1380-1385.� Count of Flanders and Artois, Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Nevers, de Rethel, d'Etampes et de Gien 1383.� Comte de Charolais 1390.� Regent of Brittany 1399-1404, during the minority of Jean VI Duke of Brittany.��

-�� DUKES of BURGUNDY.�

7. JEANNE de France (Ch�teauneuf-sur-Loire, Loiret 24 Jun 1343-Evreux 3 Nov 1373, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Gilles de Roye�s Annales Belgici record the marriages in 1347 in Paris of �duo filii ducis Brabanti�...Henricus primogenitus filiam ducis Normanni� et Godefridus filiam ducis Borbonii�[1001].� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 3 Nov 1373 �� Evreux� of �madame Jehanne suer du roy de France et femme du roy de Navarre�[1002].� Betrothed (Palais du Louvre 21 Jun 1347) to HENRI de Brabant, son of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux (-29 Nov 1349, bur Terveuren).� m (Ch�teau de Vivier-en-Brie, Coutevroult 12 Feb 1352) CARLOS II "el Malo" King of Navarre, son of FELIPE III King of Navarre [Evreux-Capet] & his wife Juana II Queen of Navarre [Capet] (Ch�teau d'Evreux, Eure 17 May 1332-Pamplona 1 Jan 1387, bur Pamplona, Cathedral of Santa Mar�a la Real).��

8. MARIE de France (Saint Germain-en-Laye 18 Sep 1344-[15] Oct 1404, bur Bar-le-Duc, �glise de Saint-Mesme).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the presence at the coronation of King Charles V of �madame Marie suer d�icelui Roy, laquelle n�avoit onques est� mari�e� who was later wife �du duc de Bar�[1003].� The marriage contract between "Marie de France" and "Robert Duc de Bar" is dated 4 Jun 1364[1004].� The Histoire Latine du Roy Charles VI records the death in mid-Oct 1404 of "ducis Barrensis uxor...Maria filia quondam Ioannis Regis Franci�"[1005].� m (contract Bar-le-Duc 4 Jun 1364, 1 Dec 1364) ROBERT I Duke of Bar, son of HENRI IV Comte de Bar & his wife Yolande de Flandre Dame de Cassel (8 Sep 1344-2 Apr 1411, bur Bar-le-Duc, �glise coll�giale Saint-Maxe).

9. AGNES de France (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 9 Dec 1345-H�tel de Nesle, Paris Apr 1350, bur Paris �glise des Jacobins).� P�re Anselme records Agn�s�s birth at Saint-Germain 9 Dec 1345, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1006].� P�re Anselme records Agn�s�s death �au commencement du mois d�avril 1349, avant P�ques en l�h�tel de Nesle� and her burial �en l��glise des Jacobins� 25 Apr 1350 �suivant un compte d�Etienne de la Fontaine o� est rapport�e la d�pense de [ses] obs�ques�[1007].�

10. MARGUERITE de France (Palais du Louvre 20 Sep 1347-Poissy 25 Apr 1352).� P�re Anselme records Marguerite�s birth at the Louvre 20 Sep 1347, but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1008].� P�re Anselme notes that she became a nun at Poissy �avant sa quatri�me ann�e�, was granted an annual payment by her father 5 Apr 1351, but died 25 Apr 1352 (no primary source cited for her date of death)[1009].�

11. ISABELLE de France (Ch�teau de Bois-de-Vincennes 1 Oct 1348-Pavia 11 Sep 1373, bur Pavia San Francesco).� The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records the marriage of "Dominum Johannem Galeazium", son of "Domino Galeazio" and his wife, and "Dominam Elisabetam filiam�Regis Francorum"[1010].� Her marriage was arranged by her maternal uncle Am�d�e VI Comte de Savoie[1011].� Her dowry was the county of Sommi�res, exchanged for the county of Vertus.� Declared Ctss de Vertus in Apr 1361.� Giovanni di Musso�s Chronicon Placentinum records the death "in civitate Papi�" of "Domina Isabellis consors Domini Galeaz Vicecomitis, comitis Virtutum, filii Domini Galeaz Vicecomitis Domini Mediolani�quondam filia�Domini Johannis Regis Francorum et sorore�Domini Caroli Regis Bohemi�" giving birth to "filium masculum�Dominum Carolum"[1012].� m (Milan Oct 1360) GIAN GALEAZZO Visconti, son of GALEAZZO II Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Blanche Marie de Savoie (Melegnano [Marignan] 15 Oct or Nov 1351-Pavia 3 Sep 1402).� Comte de Vertus, in right of his wife Apr 1361.� Conte di Asti 27 Mar 1379.� He deposed his uncle 6 May 1385, succeeding as Lord of Milan.� He was created GIAN GALEAZZO Duke of Milan 11 May 1395.�

King Jean II & his second wife had [three children]: ��

12. [--- de France (Ch�teauneuf-sur-Loire Nov 1350-young).� The existence of this child appears based only on documentation cited by Petit who says that "Jean de Bonestat, ma�tre des celliers de la reine" sent �des vins de Beaune� at the time of �les f�tes de relevailles...le jeudi 2 d�cembre� (no primary source cited), noting that the accounts of Beaune ch�teau record expenses �de l�ostel de la reyne le jeudi apr�s la f�te de saint Andr� pour la despense de l�ostel de madite dame faite � Chasteaulneuf-sur-Loire�. �He concludes that the queen must have given birth �vers le milieu de novembre 1350, � Ch�teauneuf-sur-Loire�[1013], noting that the king was present at Ch�teauneuf-sur-Loire from 30 Nov to probably 6 Dec[1014].� Petit says that �il est probable� (so no proof) that the newborn was baptised at that time and that �la reine douari�re Blanche de Navarre� was godmother[1015].� He bases the latter suggestion on the assumption that the child was named Blanche but no primary source has been found which confirms that this name is correct.� Paradin�s early 17th century Alliances g�n�alogiques des rois de France notes Blanche �qui mourut jeune� and Catherine �qui mourut jeune� as the children of King Jean and Jeanne d�Auvergne but provides no indication of any source[1016].� If no other proof exists relating to the birth of this child, there is no basis for deciding its sex.� P�re Anselme does not include the child among King Jean II�s children[1017].� Petit, by way of general indication of the hope of royal births, says that �l�inventaire de certaines r�sidences ducales� mention �des berceaux d�enfants�, including one at Montbard decorated with the arms of �la royne de Boloinne�[1018].� Baluze states that there is no proof that King Jean had any children by his second marriage[1019].]�

13. [--- de France (early 1352-young).� The proof concerning the existence of this child appears tenuous.� Petit says that �au commencement de l�ann�e 1352� the queen �dut accoucher d�une seconde fille�, on the basis of an offering to the priory of Saint-Thibaud-en-Auxois made at the time on the orders of �Guillaume le Cordelier sergent de la recette de Dijon� which he suggests was motivated by fears for the queen�s health[1020].� He says that the child was �sans doute...nomm�e Catherine� but provides no basis for this assertion and, if no other indication of the birth exists, there is no basis for deciding the sex of the child.� As highlighted above, Paradin�s early 17th century Alliances g�n�alogiques des rois de France notes Blanche �qui mourut jeune� and Catherine �qui mourut jeune� as the children of King Jean and Jeanne d�Auvergne but provides no indication of any source[1021].� No primary source has been identified which confirms this birth or names the child.� P�re Anselme does not include the child among King Jean II�s children[1022].]�

14. [child (Le Moncel l�s Pont-Sainte-Maxence, Oise [Mar/Apr] 1353-young).� Petit says that �nous croyons� that the queen gave birth again �en 1353 � Moncel-l�s-Pont-Sainte-Maxence� where she lived for several months, noting that in Apr 1350 orders were given for provisions for a celebration �qui �tait sans doute celle des relevailles� and that the queen ordered �trois testes de cires� to be sent to three nearby monasteries which Petit suggests was motivated by fears for the new-born�s health[1023].� These indications appear inadequate to assume beyond doubt that the queen gave birth at that time.� P�re Anselme does not include the child among King Jean II�s children[1024].]�

CHARLES de France, son of JEAN de France Duc de Guyenne [later JEAN II "le Bon" King of France] & his first wife Jutta [Bonne] of Bohemia [Luxembourg] (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 21 Jan 1338-Ch�teau de Beaut�-sur-Marne, Nogent-sur-Marne 16 Sep 1380, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique Parisienne records the birth �vigille de feste saint Vincent...au Boiz-de-Vincennes� 1338 of �Charles filz de mons. Jehan de France duc de Normandie et de ma dame Bonne sa fame fille le conte de Lucembourc�[1025].� Zurita records negotiations in 1349 for the betrothal of �la Infanta do�a Costan�a hija mayor del Rey de Aragon� and �el hijo mayor de Juan Duque de Normandia hijo primogenito del Rey Filippo de Francia�[1026].� He was invested as Dauphin de Viennois 16 Jul 1349, after Humbert II Dauphin de Viennois ceded his territories 30 Mar 1349, called thereafter "Monsieur le Dauphin".� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that his father knighted �Charles son ainsn� filz, dalphin de Vienne� after his coronation in 1350[1027].� Comte de Poitiers 1354.� Duc de Normandie 7 Dec 1355, installed at Notre-Dame de Rouen 10 Jan 1356.� He took the title "Lieutenant du Roi" during the imprisonment of his father after the battle of Poitiers 1356, and that of regent 14 Mar 1358 until his father's release in 1360.� Duc de Touraine, after his brother Philippe's nomination as Duke of Burgundy in 1363.� He succeeded his father in 1364 as CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 19 May 1364.� He confiscated the duchy of Guyenne from the king of England 30 Nov 1369, war with England having broken out once more.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 16 Sep 1380 �en l�ostel de Beaut�-sur-Marne� of �le roy de France Charles...le V� and his burial �� Saint-Denys�[1028].�

m (contract Lyon Jul 1349, Tain-en-Viennois, Dr�me 8 Apr 1350) JEANNE de Bourbon, daughter of PIERRE I Duc de Bourbon & his wife Isabelle de Valois (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 3 Feb 1339-H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 6 Feb 1378, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The marriage contract of "Jehan ainsnez fils du Roy de France, Duc de Normandie et de Guyenne�Charles de France nostre ainsnez fils" and "Pierre Duc de Bourbonnois conte de Clermont et de la Marche�Jehanne de Bourbon nostre ainsn�e fille" is dated Jul 1349[1029].� Ayala�s Cr�nica de Pedro I records that another daughter �del...Duque de Borbon� married �el Rey de Francia Don Carlos� when recording the negotiations for the marriage of her sister Blanche in 1351[1030].� She was consecrated Queen of France with her husband 19 May 1364.� She died from a fever following childbirth.� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 8 Feb 1377 (O.S.) of �la...Royne...ou...hostel de Saint-Pol� and her burial �� Saint-Denis�[1031].�

The possibility that Biette de Cassinel, wife of G�rard de Montaigu, was the mistress of the future King Charles V is discussed in the document PARIS REGION - CORBEIL & ROCHEFORT.�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of the king�s mistress is not known.�

King Charles V & his wife had [nine] children:

1. JEANNE de France (Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aum�ne, Val d'Oise end Sep 1357-Abbaye de Saint Antoine-des-Champs, Paris 21 Oct 1360, bur Abbaye de Saint Antoine-des-Champs).� News of "l�accouchement madame la duchesse de Normandie" was brought to her husband 30 Sep 1357[1032].� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the burial 12 Nov 1360 of �les deux filles du duc de Normandie� at �Saint-Anthoine pr�s de Paris�[1033].� An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death at the abbey 21 Oct 1360 of �madame Jehanne aisn�e fille de Monsieur Charles, aisn� filz du roy de France r�gent le Royaume...�[1034].�

2. BONNE de France ([1358]-Palais Royal, Paris 7 Nov 1360, bur 12 Nov Abbaye de Saint Antoine-des-Champs, Paris).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the burial 12 Nov 1360 of �les deux filles du duc de Normandie� at �Saint-Anthoine pr�s de Paris�[1035].� An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death �au palais� 7 Nov 1360 of �madame Bonne seconde fille de Monsieur Charles, aisn� filz du roy de France r�gent le Royaume...�[1036].�

3. JEANNE de France (Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 6 Jun 1366-H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 21 Dec 1366, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that 7 Jun 1366 �la royne de France...Jehanne fille du duc de Bourbon� gave birth to �une fille au Bois de Vincennes...Jehanne�[1037].� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 21 Dec 1366 of �madame Jehanne fille du...roy de France Charles...en l�ostel de la Conciergerie de l�ostel du Roy...pr�s de Saint-Pol� and her burial �en l�eglise Saint-Denis en France�[1038].�

4. CHARLES de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 3 Dec 1368-H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 21 Oct 1422, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that �la royne Jehanne femme du roy Charles� gave birth 3 Dec 1368 to �son premier filz en l�ostel de empr�s Saint-Pol de Paris...Charles�[1039].� He succeeded his father in 1380 as CHARLES VI "le Bien-Aim�" King of France.�

-�� see below.�

5. MARIE de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 27 Feb 1370-Paris Jun 1377).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 27 Feb 1370 of �madame Marie fille du...roy Charles et de la...royne Jehanne de Bourbon�[1040].� The primary source which confirms her date of death has not been identified.� P�re Anselme records her betrothal to �Guillaume de Bavi�re IV, comte de Hainaut et de Hollande� and says that she died young �en 1377� without citing any sources on which he bases this information[1041].� Betrothed (1373) to GUILLAUME de Hainaut, WILHELM von Bayern-Straubing, son of ALBRECHT Duke of Bavaria-Straubing [later ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland] & his first wife Margareta von Brieg [Piast] (5 Apr 1365-ch�teau de Bouchain 30 May 1417, bur Valenciennes).� He succeeded his father in 1404 as GUILLAUME VI Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM V Count of Holland, WILHELM II Graf von Straubing.�

6. LOUIS de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 13 Mar 1372-murdered Paris 23 Nov 1407, bur Paris, �glise des C�lestins).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 13 Mar 1372 of �messire Loys secont filz du roy Charles�[1042].� Comte de Valois after the death of Philippe Duc d'Orl�ans 1 Sep 1375, first named as such 4 Jan 1376.� Duc de Touraine Nov 1386 at Lille.� He joined the Royal Council 16 Feb 1389.� He entered Lombardy Feb 1391, taking Pavia Mar 1391.� Duc d'Orl�ans at Paris 4 Jun 1392, in exchange for the Duchy of Touraine.� ��

-�� see below, Part B.

7. ISABELLE de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 23 Jul 1373-H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 23 Feb 1378, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 23 Jul 1373 �en l�ostel du Roy empr�s Saint-Pol� of �madame Ysabel fille du...roy Charles et de la...royne Jehanne de Bourbon�[1043].� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death 23 Feb 1377 (O.S.) �en l�ostel du Roy empr�s Saint-Pol � Paris� of �madame Ysabel fille des...Roy et Royne� and her burial �en l�eglise de Saint-Denys�[1044].�

8. [JEAN de France ([1374/76]-young).� Le Laboureur records that King Charles V had �trois fils, dont le dernier nomm� Jean estant mort en enfance�, adding that �il n�en est fait aucune mention dans les histoires� but without noting his own source on which he bases the information[1045].]��

9. CATHERINE de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 4 Feb 1378-Oct 1388, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aum�ne, Val d'Oise).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that �la royne de France� gave birth 4 Feb 1377 (O.S.) to �une fille en l�ostel du Roy empr�s Saint-Pol � Paris...Katherine�[1046].� P�re Anselme says that she died young �au mois d�octobre 1388� and was buried at Maubuisson abbey �comme il s�apprend du 6. compte de Jean Perdrier ma�tre de la chambre aux deniers de la reine�[1047].� m (Papal dispensation 5 Aug 1386, la Noble-Maison de Saint Ouen near Paris 5 Aug 1386) as his first wife, JEAN de Berry Comte de Montpensier, son of JEAN de France Duc de Berry & his first wife Jeanne d'Armagnac (4 Feb 1377-1397).��

King Charles V had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1):��

10. [OUDARD d'Attainville ([Paris 1360]-after 1415).� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records that Charles V King of France sent �i bailly...Oudart d�Atainville� to Rouen, adding that �aucunz disoient qu�il estoit son filz de bast�[1048].� Bailli de Rouen.]�

CHARLES de France, son of CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 3 Dec 1368-H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 21 Oct 1422, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that �la royne Jehanne femme du roy Charles� gave birth 3 Dec 1368 to �son premier filz en l�ostel de empr�s Saint-Pol de Paris...Charles�[1049].� His father gave him the title Dauphin de Viennois soon after his birth: he was thereafter known as "Monseigneur le Dauphin"[1050].� He was appointed Lieutenant-General and Imperial Vicar for the kingdom of Arles, the Dauphin� de Viennois and Pi�mont at Paris 9 Jan 1378.� He succeeded his father in 1380 as CHARLES VI "le Bien-Aim�" King of France, under the regency of his four uncles during his minority until 3 Nov 1385.� He was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 4 Nov 1380.� In Jan 1393, he appointed his brother Louis Duc d'Orl�ans as regent to act during his periods of insanity.� He concluded a four year peace with England in 1395, sealed by the marriage of his daughter Isabelle to King Richard II.� During one of his periods of madness he was persuaded to sign the Treaty of Troyes 21 May 1420, under which he named Henry V King of England as regent and his heir.� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the death �le merquedi xxi jour d�octobre� 1422 of King Charles and the appointment after he died of �monsr de Bethfors� as �regent le royaume�[1051].� The Chronique de la Pucelle records the death 21 Oct 1422 of �[le] roy Charles VI�, commenting that �au quel temps les choses estoient au royaume de France en petit estat...�[1052].� The necrology of Sainte-Chapelle records the death "XII Kal Nov" of "Karoli sexti quondam regis Francie"[1053].�

m (Cathedral of Amiens 17 Jul 1385 or Tournai [24] Aug 1385) ELISABETH von Bayern-Ingolstadt, daughter of STEFAN II Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt & his first wife Taddea Visconti ([1369/70]-Paris 24 or 30 Sep 1435, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Ludwicum iam tenentem principatum in Ingelstat et Elyzabeth uxorem Karoli regis Francie� as the children of �Stephanus� and his wife �[filia] domini Mediolanensis�[1054].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the marriage �en aoust � Tournay� 1385 of the king and �la fille au duc de Bavierez�[1055].� An anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum records the marriage �umb sant Bartholomeus tag� 1385 between �Herzog Stephan von Bayern sein Tochter� and �gen Franckreich dem Edlen K�ng�, adding that �dieselbe junckfrau war Hern Barnabos von Meyland Enkelin�[1056].� Consecrated at Sainte-Chapelle, Paris 23 Aug 1389.� She was known as ISABEAU de Bavi�re in France.� Appointed President of the Council of Regency 26 Apr 1403 during the periods of insanity of her husband.� She proclaimed herself regent in 1408.� She was sent to Blois, and later Tours, by her husband and delivered by Jean �sans Peur� Duke of Burgundy 2 Nov 1417.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records the death �en l�ostel de Saint-Pol...la veille de feste Monseigneur Saint Michiel� in 1435 of �roigne Ysabel femme de Charles le sixiesme roy de France de ce nom� and her burial �� Saint-Denis�[1057].� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "Kal Oct" of "domina Ysabella de Bavaria regina Francie"[1058].�

Mistress (1): ODINETTE [Oudine] de Champdivers, daughter of OUDIN [Odin] de Champdivers [master of the stables at court] & his wife --- (-after 6 Sep 1424).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that, because the queen was not allowed to sleep with the king during his periods of insanity, �on lui avait donn� pour concubine...[la] fille d�un marchand de chevaux [�mercatoris equorum�]...du consentement de la reine...d�sign�e sous le nom de la petite reine�, noting that she was given �deux...manoirs...� Creteil et...� Bagnolet�, by whom the king had a daughter (called �[la] demoiselle de Belleville�) who was married �� un certain Harpedanne� with �la seigneurie de Belleville en Poitou�[1059].� Vallet de Viriville highlights that the original document records the girl�s father as �marescalli equorum� and cites various sources which name her father as� noted above[1060].� The king granted �les produits du p�age de Saint-Jean-de-Losne en Bourgogne et du rouage de Troyes� to �Odinette de Champdivers� and her daughter Marguerite de Valois in 1418[1061].� She left court after the king's death, seeking refuge at Saint-Jean de Losne in 1423.� Vallet de Viriville cites various documents which record that Odinette left court after the king�s death, sought refuge at Saint-Jean de Losne, and received various payments from the duke of Burgundy until 6 Sep 1424[1062].�

King Charles VI & his wife had twelve children:

1. CHARLES de France Dauphin de Viennois (Maison royale de Beaut�, Bois de Vincennes 25 Sep 1386-Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 28 Dec 1386, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 25 Sep, 1386 from the context, �en la maison royale de Beaut� dans le bois de Vincennes� to �un fils...[qui] re�ut le nom de son p�re�, and that the child died �la veille des Saints-Innocents� and was buried at Saint-Denis[1063].�

2. JEANNE de France (Maison royale de Saint-Ouen, near Saint-Denis 14 Jun 1388-1390, bur Abbaye royale de Maubuisson, Saint-Ouen l'Aum�ne).� Royal accounts record the birth 14 Jun 1388 �en la maison royale de Saint-Ouen, pr�s Saint-Denis� of Jeanne, daughter of King Charles VI[1064].� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records her death in 1390 and burial �en l�abbaye royale de Maubuisson�[1065].�

3. ISABELLE de France (Palais du Louvre 9 Nov 1389-Blois before 9 Sep 1409, bur Chapelle de Notre-Dame des Bonnes-Nouvelles, Abbaye de Saint-Laumer, Blois, transferred 1624 to l'�glise des C�lestins, Paris).� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 and royal accounts records the birth 9 Nov 1389 �au Louvre � Paris� of Isabelle daughter of King Charles VI[1066].� Her first marriage sealed the four-year peace with England concluded by her father in 1395.� The marriage contract between �[le] Roy d�Angleterre� and �[le roy de France] nostre...niece� is dated 9 Mar 1396[1067].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the marriage �en la desraine sepmaine d�octobre� in 1396 of �Ricart roy d�Engleterre� and �la fille Charlles de Vallois second, roy de France�, with details about the celebrations[1068].� The Annals of Bermondsey record the marriage �1396�circa festum Omnium Sanctorum apud Caleys� of �Isabella regina regi Ricardo� and her coronation �8 Jan�apud Westmonasterium�[1069].� Imprisoned after the deposition of her first husband, she returned to France in Aug 1401.� The marriage contract between �nostre...fille Isabelle de France Reyne d�Angleterre� and �nostre...neveu Charles d�Angoulesme aisn� fils de nostre frere [le Duc d�Orleans]� is dated 1404[1070].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the marriage �au Chastel-Tyerry�, in May 1405 from the context, of �l�ainsn� filz au duc d�Orlienz, frere du roy� and �la fille dudit roy, celle qui se disoit royne d�Engleterre et fame de Ricart roy d�Engleterre�[1071].� She died from the after-effects of childbirth.� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records her death 13 Sep 1409, adding that she �n�ut omcques nul enfant� and that �le pleupe, clers et lays� were �mal contens pour ce qu�ilz estoient cousinz frareux�[1072].� m firstly (contract Paris 9 Mar 1396, by proxy Sainte-Chapelle, Palais Royal, Paris 12 Mar 1396, Calais Saint-Nicolas 1 Nov 1396, not consummated) as his second wife, RICHARD II King of England, son of EDWARD Prince of Wales "the Black Prince" & Joan Ctss of Kent (Bordeaux [6] Jan 1367-Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire, probably murdered 6 Jan or 14 Feb 1400, bur King�s Langley Church, Hertfordshire, transferred 1413 to Westminster Abbey).� m secondly (contract 5 Jun 1406, Compi�gne, Oise 6 Jun 1407) as his first wife, CHARLES d'Orl�ans Comte d'Angoul�me, son of LOUIS de France Duc d'Orl�ans & his second wife Valentina Visconti of Milan (H�tel royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 24 Nov 1394-Ch�teau d'Amboise 4 Jan 1465, bur Chapelle d'Orl�ans, �glise des C�lestins, Paris).� He succeeded his father in 1407 as Duc d'Orl�ans.�

4. JEANNE de France (Ch�teau de Melun, Seine-et-Marne 24 Jan 1391-Vannes, Morbihan 27 Sep 1433, bur Vannes, Cath�drale de Saint-Pierre).� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 and royal accounts records the birth 24 Jan 1391 (N.S.) �au ch�teau de Melun� of Jeanne daughter of King Charles VI[1073].� The marriage contract between �Jehan Duc de Bretagne Comte de Richemont...nostre...filz Jehan Comte de Montfort� and �Monsieur le Roy...Madame Jehanne de France [sa] fille�, on the understanding that he would succeed �� nostre...compagne la Duchesse mere de nostredit filz...come son filz aisn��, is dated 26 Jan 1391 (presumably O.S.)[1074].� Her marriage was celebrated twice, due to an "irregularity" in the first ceremony[1075].� The Chronicon Britannicum records the death 20 Sep 1433 of �Johanna senior filia regis Franci� ducissa Britanni�� and her burial �in ecclesia cathedrali S. Petri Venetensis�[1076].� m (contract Tours 26 Jan 1392, H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 19 Sep 1396, Palais du Louvre 30 Jul 1397) JEAN de Bretagne Earl of Richmond, son of JEAN V Duke of Brittany & his third wife Infanta do�a Juana de Navarra (Ch�teau de l'Hermine, near Vannes, Morbihan 24 Dec 1389-manoir de La Touche, near Nantes 29 Aug 1442, bur Tr�guier, Cath�drale Saint-Tugdual).� He succeeded his father in 1399 as JEAN VI Duke of Brittany.�

5. CHARLES de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 6 Feb 1392-Paris 13 Jan 1401, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the birth �mardi VI jour de fevrier�, 1390 from the context (which must be incorrect as shown by the births of his parents� other children) of �un enfant de la royne de France nomm� Kalles� who was later poisoned[1077].� Royal accounts records the birth 6 Feb 1392 (N.S.) �� Paris en l�h�tel de Saint-Paul� of Charles son of King Charles VI[1078].� Duc de Guyenne.� Royal accounts records the death 13 Jan 1401 (N.S.) of �Monseigneur le Daulphin�[1079].� Betrothed to MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, daughter of JEAN de Bourgogne [later JEAN "Sans-Peur" Duke of Burgundy] & his wife Margareta of Holland (1390-Paris 2 Feb 1441, bur Paris �glise des Carm�lites).� The marriage contract between �Marguerite de Bourgongne fille de...les Comte et Comtesse de Nevers� and �notre...fils aisn� Louys Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne� is dated 5 May 1403 and records that she was earlier accorded to �feu nostre aisn� fils Charles Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne�[1080].�

6. MARIE de France (Bois de Vincennes [Jul/Aug] [1393]-Palais Royal, Paris 19 Aug 1438, bur church of the convent at Poissy).� The sources are contradictory regarding the date and place of birth of Marie.� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 24 Aug, 1392 from the context (which must be incorrect given the births of her other children), �dans l�h�tel royal de Saint-Paul� to �une fille...Marie�, whose mother �promit de vouer cette enfant � Dieu� if the king recovered his senses[1081].� It is assumed that 1392 should be corrected to 1393.� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 22 Aug �au bois de Vincennes� of Marie daughter of King Charles VI[1082].� She entered the convent of Poissy 8 Sep 1397, taking her vows as a nun 26 May 1408.�� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records that the duke of Burgundy wanted to take �une fille du roy, qui estoit nonnain o Poissy� and marry her to �i seigneur estrangier�, and that the king tried to persuade her, but that she refused, dated to 1405 from the context[1083].� The missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records that Marie was buried �en l��glise du couvent de Poissy�[1084].�

7. MICHELLE de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 11/12 Jan 1395-Gent 8 Jul 1422, bur Gent, St Bavo).� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 11 Jan 1395 (N.S.) �en l�h�tel de Saint-Paul � Paris� of Michelle daughter of King Charles VI[1085].� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 12 Jan, 1395 from the context, �en l�h�tel royal de Saint-Paul� to �une fille...Michelle�[1086].� The marriage contract between �nostre...fille Michelle� and �nostre...cousin Philippes de Bougongne aisn� fils [des] Comte et Comtesse de Nevers� is dated 5 May 1403[1087].� m (contract Paris 5 May 1403 and 14 Feb 1405, Paris Jun 1409) as his first wife, PHILIPPE de Bourgogne, son of JEAN "Sans-Peur" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Marguerite de Hainaut (Dijon 31 Jul 1396-Bruges 15 Jun 1467, bur Dijon �glise des Chartreux).� He succeeded his father in 1419 as PHILIPPE III "le Bon" Duke of Burgundy.��

8. LOUIS de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 22 Jan 1397-H�tel de Bourbon, Paris 18 Dec 1415, bur Notre-Dame de Paris, transferred to l'�glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique Rouennaise records the birth �le jour Saint-Vinchent� 1396 (O.S.) of �le tiers enfant maale du roy Kalles�, adding that he later married �la fille de monsr. de Bourguongne�[1088].� He succeeded on the death of his older brother Charles 13 Jan 1401 as Dauphin de Viennois.� Duc de Guyenne 14 Jan 1401.� Leader of the Council of the King 31 Dec 1409.� Comte de Mortain Mar 1412.� The Chronique Rouennaise records that King Charles had three sons of whom �l�ainsn�� died �merquedi xviii jour decembre� 1415[1089].� The Geste des Nobles records the death �ou chastel du Louvre� of �le duc Loys de Guienne sans lignie de son corps� and his burial �en l��glise de Paris�, dated to end Dec 1415 from the context[1090].� m (contract Paris 5 May 1403, Notre-Dame de Paris 30 Aug 1404, consummated Jun 1409) as her first husband, MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, widow of LOUIS de France Dauphin de Viennois, daughter of JEAN de Bourgogne [later JEAN "Sans-Peur" Duke of Burgundy] & his wife Margareta of Holland (1390-Paris 2 Feb 1442, bur Paris �glise des Carm�lites).� The marriage contract between �Marguerite de Bourgongne fille de...les Comte et Comtesse de Nevers� and �notre...fils aisn� Louys Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne� is dated 5 May 1403 and records that she was earlier accorded to �feu nostre aisn� fils Charles Duc de Guyenne et Dauphin de Vienne�[1091].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the marriage in Sep 1404 of �l�ainsn� filz du roy de Franche� and �la fille au duc de Bourguongne�[1092].� She married secondly (Dijon 10 Oct 1423) as his first wife, Arthur de Bretagne, Earl of Richmond, Comte de Dreux, who succeeded in 1457 as Arthur III Duke of Brittany.� The Geste des Nobles records the marriage of �la seur ainsn�e du duc de Bourgoigne qui veufve fut de feu duc de Loys de Guienne� and �[le] comte de Richemont, fr�re du duc de Bretaigne�, dated to 1423 from the context[1093].� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records the death �le jour de la feste de la Purification de Nostre-Dame...� Paris en l�ostel de Porc-Espi�, 1442 (N.S.) from the context, of �madame de Guienne jadis femme premi�re de feu de bonne m�moire...le duc Loys de Guienne, aisn� filz du roy Charles VI, et depuis femme de Monseigneur le conte de Richemont� after a long illness and her burial �[en l�]�glise jucques � Nostre-Dame des Carmes�[1094].�

9. JEAN de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 31 Aug 1398-Compi�gne 4/5 Apr 1417, bur Compi�gne, Abbaye royale de Saint-Corneille).� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 31 Aug 1398 �� Paris en l�h�tel de Saint-Paul� of Jean son of King Charles VI[1095].� Duc de Touraine 12 Jul 1401, confirmed 24 May 1414.� Baron de Mortagne 1403.� Dauphin de Viennois: the Geste des Nobles records the death of �le duc Loys de Guienne sans lignie de son corps� and the succession as �Dauphin de Viennois et duc de Touraine� of �Jehan son fr�re�[1096].� Duc de Berry: the Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of �le duc Jehan de Berry et d�Auvergne conte de Poitou�, the king succeeded to �ses duchi� de Berry et cont� de Poitou� and gave Berry to �monseigneur Jehan son filz...qui par avant tenoit Touraine avecques de Dauphiniat�[1097].� He lived with his father-in-law, returning to France Jan 1417.� The Geste des Nobles records the death �de maladie...le dimenche avant Pasques fleuries� 1416 (O.S.) of �Messire Jehan� and his burial �en l�abbaye saint Cornille�[1098].� m (contract Paris 5 May 1403, Compi�gne 29 Jun 1406, dispensation 22 Apr 1411, contract The Hague 6 Aug 1415) as her first husband, JACQUELINE de Hainaut, daughter of GUILLAUME VI Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland and Seeland & his wife Marguerite de Bourgogne (Le Quesnoy 16 Jul 1401-murdered at Schloss Teilingen 8 Oct 1436, bur The Hague).� The Geste des Nobles records that Jean married �[le] duc de Horlande...[sa] fille�[1099].� She succeeded her father in 1417 as JACQUELINE Ctss de Hainaut, Ctss of Holland and Seeland.�

10. CATHERINE de France (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 27 Oct 1401-Bermondsey, Abbey of St Saviour 3 Jan 1438, bur Westminster Abbey).� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 27 Oct 1401 �en l�h�tel de Saint-Paul � Paris� of Catherine daughter of King Charles VI[1100].� The Chronicle of Adam de Usk records that �dominus rex� requested �in Franciam...regem eciam et reginam ac eorum filiam Katerinam� as his wife and �regnum� after her father�s death[1101].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records that King Henry V entered Troyes 21 May 1420 and �le dimence ensuiant� there married �la fille du roy...Catherine�[1102].� Crowned Queen of England 24 Feb 1421 at Westminster Abbey.� The Historie of England by Polydore Vergil records that King Henry V�s widow married, after he died, �Owen Tyder a gentleman of Wales...who derived his pedigree from Cadwallider the last king of Brittons�[1103].� Her second marriage is confirmed by the will of [her son] "Jasper Duke of Bedford and Earl of Pembroke", dated 15 Dec 1495, proved 2 Jul 1496, which ordered masses for the souls of �Katherine sometime Queen of England my mother, Edmund late Earl of Richmond my brother�[1104].� She died in childbirth.� A manuscript calendar records the death �III Non Jan� of �queene Katerine�[1105].� The Annales of William Wyrcester record the death 3 Feb 1437 �a�d Barmondsey� of �regina Katerina�[1106].� She died in childbirth.� m firstly (contract Troyes 21 May 1420, Troyes Cathedral 2 Jun 1420) HENRY V King of England, son of HENRY IV King of England & his first wife Mary de Bohun (Monmouth Castle 9 Aug 1387-Ch�teau du Bois de Vincennes 31 Aug 1422, bur Westminster Abbey).� m secondly (secretly [1425/28]) OWEN Tudor, son of MAREDUDD [Meredith] ap Tewdwr & his wife Margred [Margaret] Fychan (Plas Penmynydd, Wales [1400]-executed Hereford 2 Feb 1461, bur Hereford, Church of the Grey Friars).��

11. CHARLES de France (H�tel Royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 22 Feb 1403-Ch�teau de Mehun-sur-Y�vre, Cher 22 Jul 1461, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of �le duc Jehan de Berry et d�Auvergne conte de Poitou�, the king gave �le duchi� de Touraine et la fille du roy de S�cille� to �Charles son maisn� filz conte de Ponthieu�[1107].� He succeeded his father in 1422 as CHARLES VII "le Victorieux" King of France.�

-�� see below.�

12. PHILIPPE de France (H�tel Barbette, Marais, Paris 10 Nov 1407-[10/11] Nov 1407, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth �la veille de la Saint-Martin d�hiver...en son h�tel � Paris pr�s la porte Barbette� to �un fils...Philippe� whose body was taken the next day to Saint-Denis for burial[1108].�

King Charles VI had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):��

13. MARGUERITE de Valois ([1407]-[1448/58]).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that, because the queen was not allowed to sleep with the king during his periods of insanity, �on lui avait donn� pour concubine...[la] fille d�un marchand de chevaux [�mercatoris equorum�]...du consentement de la reine...d�sign�e sous le nom de la petite reine�, noting that she was given �deux...manoirs...� Creteil et...� Bagnolet�, by whom the king had a daughter (called �[la] demoiselle de Belleville�) who was married �� un certain Harpedanne� with �la seigneurie de Belleville en Poitou�[1109].� Vallet de Viriville supports as �extr�mement plausible� a theory that Marguerite was born �vers 1407�[1110].� The king granted �les produits du p�age de Saint-Jean-de-Losne en Bourgogne et du rouage de Troyes� to �Odinette de Champdivers� and her daughter Marguerite de Valois in 1418[1111].� The king granted part of receipts from �le p�age de Saint-Jean-de-Losne� to Marguerite �fille d�Odinette de Champdivers� in 1422[1112].� P�re Anselme records that �Marguerite de Valois� was legitimated by King Charles VII by letters dated Jan 1427 (O.S.) �� Montrichard�[1113].� P�re Anselme records the marriage contract of �Marguerite de Valois� and �Jean de Harpedene III du nom seigneur de Belleville en Poitou et de Montagu�, adding that �un compte de Matthieu Beauvarlet general de toutes finances� confirms that she was no longer living in 1458[1114].� m (contract 3 May 1428) as his first wife, JEAN [III] de Harpedanne Seigneur de Belleville, son of JEAN [II] de Harpedanne Seigneur de Belleville & his wife Jeanne de Mussidan.�

CHARLES de France, son of CHARLES VI "le Bien-Aim�" King of France & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Ingolstadt (H�tel Royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 22 Feb 1403-Ch�teau de Mehun-sur-Y�vre, Cher 22 Jul 1461, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� A missal dated 2 Jul 1416 records the birth 22 Feb 1403 (N.S.) �� Paris en l�h�tel de Saint-Paul� of Charles son of King Charles VI[1115].� Comte de Ponthieu.� Duc de Touraine 4/5 Apr 1417.� The Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of �le duc Jehan de Berry et d�Auvergne conte de Poitou�, the king gave �le duchi� de Touraine et la fille du roy de S�cille� to �Charles son maisn� filz conte de Ponthieu�[1116].� Member of the Royal Council from 3 Sep 1416.� Dauphin de Viennois: the Geste des Nobles records the death �de maladie...le dimenche avant Pasques fleuries� 1416 (O.S.) of �Messire Jehan� and the succession of �Monseigneur Charles son mainsn� fr�re�[1117].� Duc de Berry, Comte de Poitou 17 May 1417.� He was named President of the Royal Council 14 Jun 1417 during the periods of insanity of his father.� Invested as Lieutenant General of the King in the whole kingdom 6 Nov 1417.� He escaped from Paris 29 May 1418 after it was invaded by the Burgundians, and established his parliament at Poitou 21 Sep 1418.� Regent of France 26 Dec 1418.� After the Treaty of Troyes 21 May 1420, naming Henry V King of England as regent and heir to the throne of France, Charles withdrew to Anjou, Poitou and Berry.� Deprived of the regency 3 Jan 1421.� He succeeded his father in 1422 as CHARLES VII "le Victorieux" King of France, establishing his residence at Bourges abandoned by most of France.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records that, after the death in 1422 of King Charles VI, from 12 Nov 1422 the chancellerie at Paris sealed documents in the name of �Henry...roy de France et d�Angleterre�, while at the same time �monseigneur le Daulphin� titled himself �Charles roy de France� in his seal[1118].� With the help of Jeanne d'Arc, he re-established himself and was consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 17 Jul 1429.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records details of the king�s coronation at Reims[1119].� He entered Paris 12 Nov 1437.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records the death in Jul 1461 at �Meun sur Y�vre...le jour de la Magdeleine� of �le roy...Charles VII� after rumours that he had been poisoned and his burial �en l��glise Monseigneur Saint-Denis en France� in the chapel where his father and grandfather were buried[1120].�

m (contract Palais du Louvre 18 Dec 1413, Tours 2 Jun 1422) MARIE d'Anjou, daughter of LOUIS II Duc d'Anjou Titular King of Naples, Sicily and Jerusalem & his wife Infanta do�a Violanta de Arag�n (Angers 14 Oct 1404-Abbaye de Chateliers-en-Poitou, near Saint-Maxent, Deux-S�vres 29 Nov 1463, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Geste des Nobles records that, after the death in May 1416 of �le duc Jehan de Berry et d�Auvergne conte de Poitou�, the king gave �le duchi� de Touraine et la fille du roy de S�cille� to �Charles son maisn� filz conte de Ponthieu�[1121].� Her mother transferred her rights to the crown of Aragon to her at Saumur 16 Feb 1440.� She claimed her rights to Aragon 1446.�

Mistress (1): AGNES Sorel, daughter of [JEAN Soreau Seigneur de Saint-G�rand & his wife Catherine de Maignelais Chatelaine de Verneuil] ([after 1420/22]-Ch�teau d'Anneville, Jumi�ges, Normandie 9 Feb 1450, bur Loches �glise coll�giale Saint-Ours, transferred to Logis Royal de Loches, transferred back 2 Apr 2005 to l��glise coll�giale Saint-Ours[1122]).� According to Delort, Agnes Sorel was born �au village de Fromenteau en Touraine, pr�s de Loches vers l�an 1409�[1123].� However, Vallet de Viriville refers to a document from Loches which confirms that the church�s chapter had bought Fromenteau with money which Agnes had bequeathed, concluding that her family had never owned the property in question and therefore doubting her birth at this place[1124].� As far as the date is concerned, Delort provides no basis for his suggestion, which appears early considering the estimated birth dates of Agnes�s children (see below).� Beaucourt suggests that �apr�s 1420 ou 1422� would be more consistent with the documentation[1125].� P�re Anselme names �Jean Soreau seigneur de S. Geran et...Catherine de Magnelers dite Tristan fille de Jean dit Tristan seigneur de Magnelers et de Marie de Jouy� as Agnes�s parents, citing no primary source which corroborates this information[1126].� Delort adds that Agnes�s father was ��cuyer seigneur de Coudun et de Saint-G�rant, conseiller...du comte de Clermont�, and notes that she was orphaned �de bonne heure� and was brought up by �Madame de Maignelais sa tante, veuve� but cites no primary source either[1127].� Delort�s narrative suggests that Agnes must have become the king�s mistress in the early 1430s although he cites no document which confirms that this dating is correct[1128].� His suggestion seems based on literary anecdote that Agnes helped convince King Charles VII of the need for action to retake his throne, a tradition which Beaucourt demonstrated in the mid-19th century was uncorroborated by primary source evidence[1129].� It is more likely that the king�s relationship with Agnes started in the early 1440s: the M�moires of Olivier de la Marche record that the king had �nouvellement eslev� une pauvre Demoiselle, Genti-femme nommee Agnes du Soret�, commenting that �c�estoit une des plus-belles femmes que je vey oncques�, dated to 1444 from the context[1130].� Assuming this dating is correct, it may represent the moment Agnes was brought to court and officially recognised, which would not exclude the possibility that the king�s relationship with her started earlier.� The following document appears to be the earliest official record relating to Agnes: accounts dated Jul 1444 record �Agn�s Sorelle� among the �dames et officiers de l�hostel de la Reyne de Sicile, Isabelle de Lorraine�[1131].� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records how �la belle Agnez...qu�on surnommoit Mademoiselle de Beault�� arrived at court, describes her relations with the king, and records her death 11 Feb 1449 (O.S.) and burial �� Loches...en l��glise coll�giale de Nostre-Dame�[1132].� �Agn�s Sorelle dame de Beault� et de Roquecesi�re� acknowledged receipt of revenue �dudit Roquecesi�re� dated 18 Apr 1448[1133].� The obituary of Notre-Dame de Loches records the death �V Id Feb� of �nobili domicella Agnete de Seurelle domina dum viveret de Beault�, de Roqueserige, d�Issouldun et de Vernone� and her donation[1134].� Charlier, reporting analysis of the remains of Agn�s Sorel taken from her tomb, concluded that she died from excess medication used to treat intestinal parasites, but noting the impossibility of assessing whether she was poisoned intentionally (maybe by Robert Poitevin, the king�s doctor)[1135].� Letters dated 18 Dec 1450 record that the testamentary executors of �feue madamoiselle Agn�s Sorelle� sold certain jewelry to the king[1136].�

Mistress (2): ANTOINETTE de Maignelais, daughter of ---.� Vallet de Viriville states that, after the death of Agn�s Sorel, �Antoinette de Maignelais lui succ�da dans les faveurs du roi�, noting that the king donated �la terre de Saint-Sauveur� to �Andr� de Villequier qui peu apr�s �pousa Antoinette de Maignelais� by charter dated 7 Jul 1450[1137].� She married (before Apr 1451) Andr� de Villequier.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII notes that �Monseigneur de Villequier escuyer et mademoiselle sa femme� were �en grande authorit�� in the king�s court, dated to Apr 1451 from the context[1138].�

King Charles VII & his wife had thirteen children:

1. LOUIS de France (Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Jul 1423-Ch�teau de Plessis-les-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 30 Aug 1483, bur Notre-Dame de Cl�ry, Loiret).� The Chronique de la Pucelle records the birth 4 Jul, 1423 from the context, of �Louis aisn� fils du roy de France et de madame Marie fille du roy de Sicile�[1139].� Dauphin de Viennois from birth.� He succeeded in 1461 as LOUIS XI King of France.��

-�� see below.�

2. JEAN de France (b and d [Poitiers] Sep 1426).� Fresne de Beaucourt notes that �les g�n�alogistes...ne font pas mention de Jean, l�enfant mort-n� en septembre 1425� but does not cite the primary source which confirms this information[1140].� Kerrebrouck refers to �les comptes de l�h�tel [unspecified]� which mention �l�obit de l�enfant�[1141].� His existence is not recorded by P�re Anselme[1142].�

3. RADEGONDE de France (Chinon, Indre-et-Loire [Aug] 1428-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 19 Mar 1444, bur Tours, Cath�drale Saint-Gatien).� Fresne de Beaucourt notes a document dated 29 Aug 1428 ��man� du tr�sorier g�n�ral de la Reine, Jean Bouju� which mentions �[la] g�sine derni�rement faicte en la ville de Chinon de madame Arragonde de France�[1143].� P�re Anselme records the marriage contract between �Radegonde de France� and �Sigismond duc d�Autriche� dated 22 Jul 1430[1144].� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII names �...Madame Ragonde fille du roy...� among those present in Jun 1436 at the marriage of �Madame Marguerite fille du roy d�Escosse� and �Monseigneur le daulphin�[1145].� P�re Anselme states that �le compte 8. de Jean de Xancoins receveur general de toutes finances� records the death of Rad�gonde 19 Mar 1444 and her burial �dans l��glise de S. Gatian�[1146].� Betrothed (contract Innsbruck 22 Jul 1430) to SIGISMUND of Austria, son of FRIEDRICH IV "mit den leeren Tasche" Graf von Tirol & his second wife Anna von Braunschweig-L�neburg (Innsbruck 26 Oct 1427-Innsbruck 4 Mar 1496, bur Stams).� He succeeded his father in 1439 as SIGISMUND "der M�nzreiche" Graf von Tirol.�

4. CATHERINE de France ([1429/30]-Brussels 13 Sep 1446, bur Brussels, Cath�drale Saint-Michel).� P�re Anselme records the marriage contract of Catherine dated 30 Sep 1438 at Blois[1147].� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records the marriage �� Reins...le mercredy suivant� [la] feste de la Pentecoste� 1440 of �Madame Katherine fille du roy [...seulement aag�e de six ou sept ans], fianc�e au seigneur de Charoloys, filz de Monseigneur de Bourgogne�, adding that it was arranged �pour tousjours entretenir davantage bonne paix entre le roy et ledit duc�[1148].� P�re Anselme states that Catherine died at Brussels in 1446 ��g�e de 18 ans� (presumably exaggerated considering the likely birth date of her sister Rad�gonde) and was buried �dans l��glise de sainte Gudule�, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1149].� m (Reims 19 May 1440) CHARLES de Bourgogne Comte de Charolais, son of PHILIPPE III "le Bon" Duke of Burgundy & his third wife Infanta do�a Isabel de Portugal (Dijon 11 Nov 1433-killed in battle Nancy 5 Jan 1477, bur 1512 Bruges �glise de Notre-Dame).� He succeeded his father in 1467 as CHARLES "le Hardi/le T�m�raire" Duke of Burgundy.�

5. JACQUES de France (1432-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 2 Mar 1437, bur Tours, Cath�drale Saint-Gatien).� P�re Anselme records that, according to �M. du Fourny�, Jacques, son of King Charles VII, was born in 1432, died 2 Mar 1437 (O.S. or N.S.?) �� Tours� and was buried �dans l��glise cathedrale de S. Gatian�[1150].�

6. YOLANDE de France (Tours, Indre-et-Loire 23 Sep 1434-Chamb�ry 29 Aug 1478, bur Vercelli, San Eusebio).� P�re Anselme records the birth 23 Sep 1434 at Tours of Yolande, daughter of King Charles VII, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1151].� The marriage contract between "Amedeo di Savoia figlio del Duca Lodovico" and "Yolant di Francia figlia di Carlo VII Re di Francia" is dated 16 Aug 1436[1152].� After her betrothal, she was sent to Thonon to be brought up by her future mother-in-law.� Regent of Savoy 1472-1478 during the minority of her son Philibert.� m (contract Tours 16 Aug 1436, Feurs en Forez, Loire 1452) AMEDEE de Savoie, son of LOUIS Duc de Savoie & his wife Anne Pss of Cyprus (Ch�teau de Thonon, Haute-Savoie 1 Feb 1435-Vercelli 30 Mar 1472, bur Vercelli, San Eusebio).� He succeeded his father in 1465 as AMEDEE IX Duke of Savoy.�

7. JEANNE de France ([1435]-Ch�teau de Moulins, Allier 4 May 1482, bur Moulins, �glise de Notre-Dame).� No primary source has been identified which records the birth date of Jeanne but, considering the birth dates of her siblings, [1435] appears to be the likely date.� P�re Anselme records the marriage contract of Jeanne, daughter of King Charles VII, and Jean de Bourbon Comte de Clermont dated 11 Mar 1447 �au ch�teau de Montils-lez-Tours�[1153].� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that �monseigneur Jean Duc de Bourbonnois et d�Auvergne� married �madame Iehanne de France fille aisnee du Roy Charles septiesme de ce nom�[1154].� m (contracts Ch�teau de Montils-l�s-Tours 23 Dec 1446 and Tours 26 Dec 1446, dispensation 3 Nov 1452, in person end 1452) as his first wife, JEAN de Bourbon Comte de Clermont, son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne & his wife Agn�s de Bourgogne [Valois] (Ch�teau de Moulins, Allier 30 Aug 1426[1155]-Ch�teau de Moulins 1 Apr 1488, bur Priory of Souvigny).� He succeeded his father in 1456 as JEAN II Duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne.�

8. PHILIPPE de France (Ch�teau de Chinon, Indre-et-Loire 4 Feb 1436-Jun 1436).� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records that the queen gave birth 4 Feb �ou chastel de Chinon� 1436 (N.S.) to �ung enfant masle...Philippe�, adding that he only lived for four months[1156].� A later passage in the same source records the death of �Monseigneur Philippe de France� in Jun 1436 aged four months[1157].�

9. MARGUERITE de France ([May] 1437-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 24 Jul 1438).� P�re Anselme states that �un registre de la chambre des comptes, communiqu� par feu M. d�Herouval� records the birth �vers le mois de mai 1437� of Marguerite, daughter of King Charles VII, and her death at Tours 24 Jul 1438[1158].�

10. JEANNE de France (Amboise 7 Sep 1438-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 26 Dec 1446).� P�re Anselme records the birth 7 Sep 1438 of Jeanne, daughter of King Charles VII, and her death 26 Dec 1446 �� Tours� but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1159].� Jeanne provides one of the rare cases in the Valois family where a daughter was given the same name as her living older sister.� As duplicate naming is not otherwise regularly observed in the family, an error in the primary source which records Jeanne is a possibility.�

11. MARIE de France (Amboise 7 Sep 1438-Tours, Indre-et-Loire 14 Feb 1439).� P�re Anselme notes that Marie was twin of Jeanne and records her death 14 Feb 1439 (O.S. or N.S.?) but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1160].�

12. MADELEINE de France (Tours, Indre-et-Loire 1 Dec 1443-Pamplona [23/24] Jan 1495, bur Pamplona Cathedral).� P�re Anselme records her date and place of birth, noting that �Simonne de Fontaine qui avoit �t� sa nourrice toucha 40.l. par mani�re de pension le 16. d�cemb. 1458� (no citation reference, not known whether this record also confirms her date and place of birth)[1161].� P�re Anselme records her betrothal in Dec 1457 to Ladislaus Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia (no source cited)[1162].� Van Kerrebrouck records the dates for the couple�s marriage contracts and marriage shown below[1163].� The marriage contract between �Louis�Roy de France�nostre�s�ur Magdelaine� and �nostre�Cousin le Comte de Foix�Gaston de Foix, Vicomte de Castelbon, son aisn� Fils� is dated 11 Feb 1461[1164].� R. Anthony notes a (contemporary?) manuscript which records Madeleine�s death �un vendredi de janvier 1495�, indicating 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30 as the dates of the Fridays in January 1495[1165].� Zurita records the death 23 Jan [1495] of �la Princesa de Viana, madre de la Reyna do�a Catalina�[1166].� An epitaph at Pamplona Cathedral records the burial of �Magdalena Soror Francorum, et filia regum�Principis�conjuncta Vian� Navarr�� who died �1495 nono Kal. februarii [24 Jan]�Johanne et filia Catharina regnanitibus�[1167].� Betrothed (Dec 1457) to LADISLAUS Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia, L�SZL� V King of Hungary, son of ALBRECHT V Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his wife Elisabeth Pss of Bohemia & Hungary [Luxembourg] (posthumously Kom�rom [today Kom�rno, Slovakia] 22 Feb 1440-Prague 23 Nov 1457, bur Prague St Veit).� m (contract Tours 1458, contract Saint-Jean-d'Ang�ly 11 Feb 1462, Saint-Macaire, Gironde 7 Mar 1462) GASTON de Foix Principe de Viana, son of GASTON IV de Grailly Comte de Foix et de Bigorre & his wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Arag�n y Navarra [later Leonor I Queen of Navarre] ([early-mid 1445 or later?]-Libourne, Gironde 23 Nov 1470, bur Bordeaux, Cath�drale Saint-Andr�).� He died from injuries received during a tournament.�

13. CHARLES de France (Ch�teau de Montils-l�s-Tours 12 Dec 1446-Bordeaux 24 May 1472, bur Bordeaux, Cath�drale Saint-Andr�).� P�re Anselme records the birth 28 Dec 1446 �au ch�teau de Montils-lez-Tours� of Charles, son of King Charles VII, but does not cite the primary source on which this information is based[1168].� The primary source which confirms his date and place of birth has not been identified.� He bore the title Duc de Berry from birth, confirmed Nov 1461.� His father Charles VII unsuccessfully proposed Charles to succeed Ladislaus of Austria as King of Bohemia and Hungary, sending an ambassador to Prague Feb 1458.� Duc de Normandie, Comte de Mortain Oct 1465, enthroned as duke at Notre-Dame de Rouen 1 Dec 1465, dispossessed by the king his brother in Nov 1469.� Duc de Guyenne Apr 1469.� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that the king learnt the death of �mondit seigneur de Guyenne son frere� in late May 1472 and appointed �monseigneur de Beaujeu frere de Monseigneur le Duc de Bourbon� as �gouverneur� of the duchy of Guyenne[1169].� P�re Anselme records that �Jordain Faure dit Versois abb� de S. Jean d�Angely son aum�nier� poisoned Charles at Bordeaux 12 May 1472 and that he was buried �dans l��glise de saint Andr� de Bourdeaux� but does not cite the primary sources which confirm this information[1170].� Mistress (1): COLETTE de Chambes, wife of LOUIS Seigneur d'Amboise Vicomte de Thouars Prince de Talmont, daughter of JEAN de Chambes Seigneur de Montsoreau [counsellor and first ma�tre d'h�tel of the King, captain and governor of La Rochelle] & his wife Jeanne Chabot (-Saint-Sever 14 Dec 1471, bur Saint-Sever).� P�re Anselme names �Colette de Chambes-Montsoreau, veuve de Louis seigneur d�Amboise� as mother of the two illegitimate daughters of Charles Duc de Guyenne named below but does not cite the primary source which confirms this information[1171].� She left her husband mid-1469 to live with Charles Duc de Guyenne.� Duke Charles had two illegitimate daughters by Mistress (1):

a) JEANNE b�tarde de Guyenne (-31 Jan 1542).� Dominican nun.� Under-prioress at Blaye, under-prioress at Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivi�re, appointed prioress 1498[1172].� .� Recorded as living in 1533 in the �Memorial GG. de la chambre des comptes� which confirms payment by the king of �rente viagere sur le revenu de Perigord�[1173].� The necrology of Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivi�re records the death 31 Jan 1541 (O.S.) of �domina Joanna de Guiene, priorissa hujus monasterii� who was prioress for 43 years[1174].�

b) ANNE b�tarde de Guyenne (-before 14 Nov 1491).� P�re Anselme records the marriage contract between �Anne b�tarde de Guyenne� and �Fran�ois de Volvyre seigneur de Ruffec conseiller et chambellan du roy� dated 3 Oct 1490 and her death childless[1175].� m (contract 5 Oct 1470) as his first wife, FRAN�OIS de Volvire, son of JEAN de Volvire Seigneur de Ruffec [en Angoumois] & his wife Catherine de Comborn (-after 20 Apr 1541).� Seigneur de Montcucq en Quercy 1471.� Counsellor and Chamberlain of the king.� He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Ruffec.�

King Charles VII had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1) (the order of births of the first three children is uncertain):��

14. MARIE b�tarde de France ([1443/1444]-before 1473).� Beaucourt suggests that Marie was her parents� first born child, considering that she married before her sisters and in light of the specific document recognising her paternity[1176].� Considering the likely date of the start of the king�s relationship with her mother as discussed above, it is probable that the couple�s oldest daughter was born in late 1443 or 1444.� Recognised by her father King Charles VII with the name "de Valois" Oct 1458, she was created Dame de Royan et de Mornac en Saintonge.� A charter dated 28 Oct 1458 at Vend�me records the dowry provided by King Charles VII for the marriage of� �nostre...conseiller et chambellan Olivier sieur de Coettigny et de Taillebourg chevalier, s�n�chal de Guyenne� and �notre...fille naturelle Marie de Valois�, notes the loyal service of �feu Tanneguy du Chastel son oncle, Pr�gent sieur de Cottigny en son vivant admiral de France, fr�re dud. Olivier�, and states that �Marie nostre fille estant enfant� had been transferred to �led. feu Pr�gent de Coettigny� and brought up �aud. chastel de Taillebourg� throughout his life and until now �qu�elle est en aage de marier�[1177].� If Marie had recently attained marriageable age, as suggested by the full text of this document, and assuming that 14 years old was the earliest age for marriage of daughters of the nobility at the time, it is reasonable to suppose that Marie was born �before [1444]�.� Delort dates Marie�s birth to �peu de jours apr�s le mariage du Dauphin� (25 Jun 1436, see below) at Fromenteau[1178].� He cites no document on which he bases this assessment, which appears inconsistent with the wording of the charter dated 28 Oct 1458.� Accounts for the year starting 1 Oct 1458 record that in Nov 1458 the king gave money �pour avoir robes et abillements � son plaisir le jour et feste de ses nopces� to �madame Marie de Valoys femme du s�n�chal de Guyenne�[1179].� m (Nov 1458) OLIVIER de Co�tivy Seigneur de Co�tivy et de Taillebourg, son of ALAIN [III] de Co�tivy Seigneur de Co�tivy et de Taillebourg & his wife Catherine de Chastel (-before 1480).�

15. CHARLOTTE b�tarde de France ([1445/48]-murdered Ch�teau de Rouvres, near Anet, Eure-et-Loire 31 May/1 Jun 1476, bur Abbaye de Coulombs, near Nogent-le-Roi).� The chronology of Delort�s narrative concerning Agnes Sorel is consistent with Charlotte having been born in 1434[1180].� This date seems unlikely to be correct, considering (1) that her sister Marie was recorded in 28 Oct 1458 as being then �en aage de marier� (see above), the full text of the passage implying that she had attained that age recently, and (2) that it would not be unreasonable to assess 14 years old as the earliest age for marriage among daughters of the nobility at the time.� P�re Anselme names Charlotte as her parents� oldest child[1181].� This seems inconsistent with her marriage after her sister Marie, as noted above.� She was named �Carlotte de France s�ur naturelle du Roy� in a receipt dated 18 May 1462[1182].� She was stabbed by her husband after finding her in flagrante delicto.� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that 13 Jun 1476 �le Seneschal de Normandie, fils de feu messire Pierre de Breze, qui fut tu� � la rencontre de Montlhery�, on a hunting trip �pr�s d�un villaige...Romiers les Dourdan� with �madame Charlotte de France sa femme, fille naturelle [de] feu Roy Charles et de Damoiselle Agnes Sorel�, discovered his wife with �un gentil-homme du pays de Poictou...Pierre de la Vergne� and killed them both[1183].� Dou�t d�Arcq reviewed the trial in detail[1184].� This includes his initial sentence to pay 100,000 �cus as payment for which he ceded all his possessions to the king by contract at Tours 6 Oct 1481, his appeal in 1484 to the Parliament which found in his favour, and his being pardoned in Aug 1486 by Charles VIII King of France[1185].� m (1 Mar 1462) JACQUES de Brez�, son of PIERRE [II] de Brez� Comte de Maul�vrier [counsellor and chamberlain of the King] & his wife Jeanne Crespin (-Nogent-le-Roi 14 Aug 1494, bur Coulombs abbey).� He succeeded his father 16 Jul 1465 as Comte de Maul�vrier.�

16. JEANNE b�tarde de France ([1445/48]-after 1467).� Delort dates Jeanne�s birth to 1444 �au ch�teau de Beaut�� but cites no primary source on which he bases this information[1186].� P�re Anselme names Jeanne as her parents� third child[1187].� There appears to be no primary source evidence which indicates the order of birth of Jeanne and her sister Charlotte.� Jeanne�s marriage before Charlotte may indicate that she was older.� The contract between �Jehan seigneur de Bueil chevalier comte de Sancerre...ou nom de Anthoine de Bueil son filz aisn�� and �Pierre Berart chevalier seigneur de Bler� et de Chiss� mre d�ostel du Roy nostre syre et tresorier de France ou nom et comme procureur du Roy nostre dit seigneur� for the marriage of �le dit Anthoine de Bueil� and �dame Jeanne de France s�ur naturelle du Roy et fille du roy Charles dernier trespass�� is dated 23 Dec 1461 at Tours and records land which �ledit sire de Bueil� had promised to give �Jacques filz bastart de feu Loys de Bueil son fr�re�[1188].� m (contract Tours 23 Dec 1461) ANTOINE de Bueil, son of JEAN [V] Seigneur de Bueil Comte de Sancerre & his wife Jeanne de Montejean (-after 1506).� He succeeded his father in [1477] as Comte de Sancerre, Seigneur de Bueil.� Amiral de France.�

17. [daughter] (Manoir de Mesnil, near l'Abbaye de Jumi�ges, Normandie [end Jan/early Feb] 1450-[Feb] 1450, bur Loches �glise coll�giale Saint-Ours, transferred to Logis Royal de Loches, transferred back 2 Apr 2005 to l��glise coll�giale Saint-Ours).� Delort states that Agn�s Sorel gave birth to a daughter �au Mesnil-la-Belle dans son ch�teau nomm� le Manoir� near Jumi�ges, adding that she survived her mother by only six months (no primary sources cited)[1189].� Charlier, in his analysis of the causes of death of Agn�s Sorel (see above), records the discovery of the remains of a 7 month old foetus in her tomb, whose sex was impossible to determine[1190], suggesting that the child did not survive the mother.� .�

LOUIS de France, son of CHARLES VII King of France & his wife Marie d'Anjou (Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Jul 1423-Ch�teau de Plessis-les-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 30 Aug 1483, bur Notre-Dame de Cl�ry, Loiret).� The Chronique de la Pucelle records the birth 4 Jul, 1423 from the context, of �Louis aisn� fils du roy de France et de madame Marie fille du roy de Sicile�[1191].� Dauphin de Viennois from birth.� He moved to Viennois in Jan 1447, governing the territory himself until Aug 1456.� He founded the University of Valence in 1454, and annexed Orange.� He was in open revolt against his father in 1456, and was forced to seek refuge in Brabant at the Ch�teau de Genappe.� He returned to France on the death of his father in 1461, succeeding as LOUIS XI King of France, consecrated 15 Aug 1461 at Notre-Dame de Reims.� On the death of Charles Duke of Burgundy in 1477, he united the duchy of Burgundy and the counties of Artois and Boulogne with the crown.� He inherited the possessions of Ren� Duc d'Anjou, and his nephew Charles Comte du Maine.� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the king�s death �le penultiesme jour du mois d�Aoust...en son hostel des Montils les Tours� 1483 and his burial �en l�Eglise nostre Dame de Clery�[1192].�

m firstly (contract Perth, Scotland 19 Jul 1428, contract Chinon, Indre-et-Loire 30 Oct 1428, Cath�drale de Tours 25 Jun 1436) MARGARET of Scotland, daughter of JAMES I King of Scotland & his wife Joan Beaufort (1424-Ch�lons-sur-Marne, Cath�drale Saint-Etienne 16 Aug 1445, bur Abbaye de Saint-Laon, Vienne).� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records the arrival at Tours 24 Jun 1436 of �Madame Marguerite fille du roy d�Escosse...comme daulphine� and her marriage the next day to �Monseigneur le daulphin�[1193].�

m secondly (contract Gen�ve, couvent des Cordeliers, Ch�teau de Chamb�ry 9 Mar 1451) CHARLOTTE de Savoie, daughter of LOUIS I Duke of Savoy & his wife Anne Pss of Cyprus (11 Nov 1441-Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 1 Dec 1483, bur Cl�ry, �glise de Notre-Dame).� The marriage contract between �Ludovicus regis Francorum...primogenitus Dalphinus Vienn. comesque Valentineus et Diensis� and �Ludovicus dux Sabaudi� Chablaisii et August�...dominam Carolam filiam� is dated 28 Jan 1451[1194].� The marriage contract between "Lodovico figlio primogenitor del Re di Francia Delfino" and "Carlotta figlia del Duca Lodovico di Savoia" is dated 14 Feb 1451[1195].� This second marriage took place without the consent of Louis's father.�

The mistresses of Louis XI King of France and his illegitimate children were studied again in June 2021 by Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, who has submitted the following results of his new research for inclusion in Medieval Lands[1196].�

Mistress (1): ([1447/56?]) FELISE Reynard, wife/widow of JEAN Pic Ch�telain de Beaumont-en-Tri�ves [today Saint-Laurent-en-Beaumont, d�partement Is�re, arrondissement Grenoble, canton Corps], daughter of AINARD Reynard Seigneur de Saint-Didier & his wife --- (-[25 Mar/5 Sep] 1474]).� Pilot de Thorey says that �F�lize Reynard appartenait � une famille noble, originaire de Die�, records the family�s arms and her parentage (including her father�s 20 Jan 1441 charter requesting the bishop of Die to confirm the privileges of Die town), and her marriage to �Jean Pic, �cuyer, fils d�un notaire de Grenoble...�[1197].� Anatole de Gallier also discusses the family�s antecedents in Die[1198].� �Jean Pic, �cuyer� was granted �l�office de ch�telain de Beaumont� by letters dated 30 Nov 1447, confirmed 14 Sep 1450[1199].� Dauphin Louis granted �l�administration et gouvernement de l�office de capitaine, ch�telain et garde des ch�teau, ville et mandement de Beaumont...� to �demoiselle F�lize Reynard, veuve de Jean Pic...de son vivant...capitaine et ch�telain de Beaumont�, in consideration for services rendered by �le susdit Jean Pic�, by letters dated 5 Jun 1452, registered 15 Feb 1453[1200].� F�lise retained possession until 8 Jan 1456, when the position was granted to �Jean du Fou�[1201], but probably recovered possession later as a document dated 5 Sep 1474 records its reintegration after her death �au domaine delphinal�[1202].� King Louis granted payments to �sa bien am�e F�lise Reynard, damoiselle�, by charter dated 15 Dec 1470[1203], and she acknowledged receipt 28 Jan 1471[1204].� F�lise�s testament, dated 25 Mar 1474, named �ses deux neveux Jean et Aimar Reynard, fils de Guillaume Reynard, son fr�re, seigneur de Cheylard et de Saint-Didier� as her heirs[1205].�

[Mistress (2): ---.� The name of this possible mistress is not known.� She is shown as an alternative possible mother of the king�s daughter Marie, whom Pilot de Thorey suggests was the daughter of F�lise Reynard (without citing a specific source, see below).]�

Mistress (3): ---.� The name of this mistress, mother of the king�s daughter who married Fran�ois Ailloud, is not known.�

[Mistress (4): GUYETTE Ourand, daughter of JEAN Ourand, notary at Grenoble & his wife --- (-4 Oct 1506, bur Grenoble Cathedral).� Pilot de Thorey suggests that Guyette Ourand was another of King Louis�s mistresses.� P�re Anselme recorded Guyette who �pourroit bien �tre fille de Phelise Regnard, lors veuve� as another of the king�s illegitimate daughters[1206].� In an earlier edition, Anselme had named Marguerite de Sassenage as Guyette�s mother: Brizard in 1779, observing that �quant � la troisi�me fille [=Guyette], le P. Anselme est le seul qui en ait parl� comme n�e de Marguerite de Sassenage�, noted that �mais il est revenu sur ses pas et s�est corrig� lui-m�me dans sa nouvelle �dition� and concluded that �son t�moignage doit donc �tre compt� pour rien. Le Pr�sident H�naut en a jug� de m�me�[1207].� Brizard appears to assume that Guyette was the king�s daughter, but Pilot de Thorey clarifies the question by citing documents which confirm that she was the daughter of �Jean Ourand, notaire et consul de Grenoble�.� He notes that Dauphin Louis only arrived in Dauphin� in 1447, meaning that any daughter of his could not have married in 1455 (see below, for the marriage date).� He suggests that �il est...beaucoup plus logique de penser que Guyette Ourand fut l�une des ma�tresses que le dauphin eut durant son s�jour dans nos contr�es�[1208].� Dauphin Louis granted �la maison et...jardin qu�il avait acquis dans la ville de Valence, pr�s de la Porte Sauni�re, de Guillaume b�tard de Poitiers� to �ma�tre Charles de Seillons, son secr�taire�, in consideration of his marriage with �Guyette Ourand�, by charter dated 18 Apr 1455[1209].� P�re Anselme incorrectly dates the marriage to 1460[1210].� King Louis XI, after recording the death of �Charles de Seillons� before letters granted to him dated 12 Nov 1476 could be registered, reconfirmed the same grant to �Guyette Ourand sa veuve�, in consideration of her remarriage with �Gr�ce d�Archelles, son �cuyer d��curie�, by order dated 12 Feb 1479 (O.S.)[1211].� Pilot de Thorey notes that Guyette was recorded selling wine 26 Dec 1499, and that she died 4 Oct 1506 and was buried next to her second husband in Grenoble cathedral, the obituary of which records her donation[1212].� No source has been identified which suggests that Guyette was the mother of any of the king�s children.]�

[In addition to the above, there appears to be no evidence that Marguerite de Sassenage [wife of Amblard [IV] de Beaumont Seigneur de Montfort, daughter of Henri [III] B�renger Baron de Sassenage & his wife Antonia di Saluzzo (-after 18 Mar 1488[1213])] was ever the mistress of King Louis XI or the mother of any of his illegitimate children.� P�re Anselme records �Marguerite de Sassenage, dame de Beaumont, comme le dit l�Hermite de Soliers, veuve d�Amblard de Beaumont, seigneur de Montfort� as the mother of �Jeanne b�tarde de France...Marie b�tarde de France�, illegitimate daughters of Louis XI King of France[1214].� Similar statements were made by Chorier in 1672[1215].� In the late 18th century, Brizard refuted the information about Marguerite�s supposed relationship with the king, noting that the mid-17th century l�Hermite Solier first indicated that the king, while dauphin, had �une fille naturelle de la Dame de Beaumont�.� Brizard reviews earlier primary sources which make no link between �la Dame de Beaumont� and Marguerite de Sassenage[1216].� Posing the question whether there could be any truth in the assertion of her relationship with the king, he concludes cautiously that �on l�ignore� but notes that if there were �quelques liaisons entre cette dame et le dauphin, elles n�ont jamais �t� publiques�, and that in any case no proof existed that she was the mother of any of his children.� Pilot de Thorey, in the late 19th century, suggested how the misunderstanding arose.� He noted Louis�s 1452 grant of �la ch�tellenie de Beaumont� (today Saint-Laurent-en-Beaumont, d�partement Is�re, arrondissement Grenoble, canton Corps) to F�lise Reynard (Mistress (1), see above) and suggests that �la qualit� de dame de Beaumont, que prenait F�lize Reynard� could have misled earlier authors into misinterpreting l�Hermite Solier�s original statement, which could have referred to the ch�teau de Beaumont located between Crolles and Le Touvet[1217] (d�partement Is�re, arrondissement Grenoble, canton Le Touvet) held by the Beaumont/Montfort family of Marguerite�s husband[1218].]�

King Louis XI & his second wife had [eight] children:

1. [LOUIS de France (Ch�teau de Genappe 18 Oct 1458-1460).� Kerrebrouck names Louis as oldest son of King Louis XI and records his date and place of birth and date of death as shown here.� He notes that �Louis est ignor� du p. Anselme et par beaucoup d�auteurs� but cites no primary source which confirms his information[1219].� P�re Anselme appears to go further when, while omitting Louis from his list of the king�s children, he notes that the king�s son Joachim was not born 18 Oct 1458 �le dauphin demeurant lors � Geneppe selon quelques extraits de la chambre des comptes de Dijon�[1220].� This statement suggests that Anselme had seen the documentation in question.� If that is true, it must presumably not have indicated the birth of a son Louis on that date.� The existence of Louis remains uncertain until further evidence comes to light.]�

2. JOACHIM de France ([Ch�teau de Genappe/Namur] [26] Jul 1459-29 Nov 1459, bur Amboise, �glise des Cordeliers).� A letter from Louis to his father dated 27 Jul [1459] records the birth of �un...fils�[1221].� Kerrebrouck records his name, his birth 15 Jul 1459 at Genappe, date of death and place of burial but cites no primary source on which the information is based[1222].� According to P�re Anselme, Joachim was born at Namur 27 Jul 1459, died �en bas �ge�, and was buried �dans l��glise des Cordeliers d�Amboise�[1223].� The origin of his name is unknown, but his birth 26 Jul (the feast day of St. Joachim, after whom he would have been named) would be consistent with the letter dated 27 Jul quoted above.�

3. LOUISE de France (Ch�teau de Genappe [May or Jul] 1460-young).� P�re Anselme records the birth of Louise �� Geneppe pr�s Bruxelles au moi de mai 1460, mourut en bas �ge�, without citing any primary source on which he bases this information[1224].� Kerrebrouck dates her birth to Jul 1460, and indicates that she died the same year, without citing any primary sources[1225].�

4. ANNE de France (Ch�teau de Genappe Apr 1461-Ch�teau de Chantelle en Bourbonnais, Allier 14 Nov 1522, bur Priory of Souvigny).� Created Vicomtesse de Thouars, Ctss de Gien at Amboise May 1470.� Her first betrothal is confirmed by the Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI which records that in May 1472 �le Duc de Calabre nepueu du Roy de Cecille et de Ierusalem�, to whom �le Roy avoit...donner sa fille aisnee en femme et espouse�, left �sa duchi� de Lorraine� to visit �[le] Duc de Bourgongne pour traicter d�avoir et espouser sa fille�, abandoning �ladicte fille du Roy sa femme�[1226].� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the marriage, dated to 1473 from the context, of �le Roy...son aisnee fille qui paravant il avoit promise au feu Duc de Calabre� and �monseigneur de Beaujeu, frere de monseigneur le Duc de Bourbon�[1227].� Anne governed France during the minority of her brother 1483-1488.� She acquired the vicomt� de Ch�tellerault and the seigneurie de Gironde 13 Mar 1505 from the Duc de Nemours.� Betrothed (before May 1472, contract broken May 1472) to NICOLAS d'Anjou Duca di Calabria, son of JEAN d'Anjou Duca di Calabria & his wife Marie de Bourbon (Nancy [1/7] Jul 1448-Nancy 27 Jul 1473, bur Nancy Saint-Georges).� m (contract Jargeau, near Orl�ans 3 Nov 1473, Tours 1474) PIERRE de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon & his wife Agn�s de Bourgogne [Valois] (1 Dec 1438-Ch�teau de Moulins 10 Oct 1503, bur Priory of Souvigny).� Created Comte de Clermont 3 Apr 1476.� He governed jointly with his wife, during the minority of his brother-in-law Charles VIII King of France.� He succeeded his brother in 1488 as PIERRE II Duc de Bourbon.�

5. JEANNE de France (Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 23 Apr 1464-Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Feb 1505, bur Bourges, Monast�re de l'Annonciade).� Created Dss de Berry 26 Dec 1498.� In 1501 she founded the Monast�re de l'Annonciade in Bourges, where she became a nun Pentecost 1504 as S�ur Jehanne-Marienne.� Beatified 18 Jun 1742 by Pope Benedict XIV, canonised 28 May 1950 by Pope Pius XII as Sainte-Jeanne de France.� m (contract Jargeau, Loiret 28 Oct 1473, and 28 Aug 1476, Ch�teau de Montrichard 8 Sep 1476, annulled Amboise 17 Dec 1498) as his first wife, LOUIS Duc d'Orl�ans, son of CHARLES Duc d'Orl�ans & his third wife Maria von Kleve (Ch�teau de Blois 27 Jun 1462-H�tel royal des Tournelles, Paris 1 Jan 1515, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� He succeeded in 1498 as LOUIS XII King of France.�

6. FRAN�OIS de France (b and d 4 Dec 1466).� Kerrebrouck records his birth 4 Dec 1466 and his death �quatre heures apr�s�[1228].� P�re Anselme omits Fran�ois from his list of Louis XI�s children[1229].�

7. CHARLES de France (Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 30 Jun 1470-Ch�teau d'Amboise 7 Apr 1498, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records that the queen gave birth �le samedy dernier jour de juing...au Ch�teau d�Amboise� 1470 to �ung...fils...Charles�[1230].� Dauphin de Viennois from birth.� He succeeded his father in 1483 as CHARLES VIII "l'Affable" King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 30 May 1484.� His sister Anne de Bourbon, and her husband Pierre de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, governed France until 1488.� The incorporation of the counties of Provence and Forcalquier into the royal domains was pronounced at Compi�gne 7 Oct 1486, following the bequest to his father by Ren� Duc d'Anjou of all his lands.� He incorporated Brittany into the royal domains, entering Nantes 4 Apr 1491.� He transferred the counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne to Fernando King of Aragon under the Treaty of Barcelona 19 Jan 1493.� He took the titles King of Jerusalem and Sicily at Lyon 13 Mar 1494[1231], as a prelude to his conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily.� He entered Naples 12 May 1495, but lost the kingdom Feb 1496.� Betrothed (Amboise 22 Jun 1483) to MARGARETA von Habsburg, daughter of MAXIMILIAN von Habsburg [later MAXIMILIAN I King of the Romans, Archduke of Austria, Emperor] & his first wife Marie Dss of Burgundy [Valois] (Brussels 10 Jan 1480-Mechelen 1 Dec 1530, bur Brou near Bourg-en-Bresse).� This betrothal was arranged as part of King Louis XI's plan for the dismemberment of the territories of the Dukes of Burgundy, agreed under the Treaty of Arras signed 23 Dec 1482 with the Flemish.� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the negotiations started in Jan 1482 (O.S.) for the marriage of �monseigneur le Daulphin� and �Damoiselle Marguerite d�Auteriche Contesse de Flandres fille [du] Duc en Auteriche� and their betrothal in Jul 1483 at Amboise[1232].� m (Ch�teau de Langeais, Indre-et-Loire 6 Dec 1491, contract Langeais 13 Dec 1491) as her second husband, ANNE Dss of Brittany, formerly wife of MAXIMILIAN King of the Romans Archduke of Austria, daughter of FRAN�OIS II Duke of Brittany & his second wife Marguerite de Foix (Ch�teau de Nantes 25 Jan 1477-Ch�teau de Blois 9 Jan 1514, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Nantes 26 Jan 1476 (O.S.) of �Anne reine de France et duchesse de Bretagne�[1233].� She was consecrated Queen of France at Saint-Denis 8 Feb 1492.� She married thirdly (contract Etampes 18 Aug 1498, Papal dispensation 13 Sep 1498, Ch�teau de Nantes 7 Jan 1499) as his second wife, Louis XII King of France.� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death at Blois 9 Jan 1514 of �madame Claude reine de France et femme de mon fils�[1234].� King Charles VIII & his wife had six children:

a) CHARLES ORLAND de France (Ch�teau du Plessis-l�s-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 10 Oct 1492-Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 16 Dec 1495, bur Tours, �glise cath�drale Saint-Martin).� P�re Anselme records the place and date of his birth, death (on 6 Dec 1495) and burial as shown here, citing no primary source except a reference to his tomb at Tours[1235].� Kerrebrouck cites a document and his monumental inscription which both confirm that he died 16 Dec 1495[1236].� Dauphin de Viennois from birth.�

b) son (b and d Courcelles, Loiret [12/13] Aug 1493, bur Notre-Dame de Cl�ry).� A letter dated at Orl�ans 14 Aug 1493 from Francesco della Casa to Pietro de� Medici records that the queen �grossa di sette mesi� gave birth �in uno piccolo villaggio...Corsel� to �un figliuolo maschio�[1237].� Balby de Vernon suggests that the child �a s�rement �t� enterr� � Cl�ry� where a small child�s coffin was found[1238].�

c) daughter (b and d Mar 1495).� Marino Sanudo records that the king received news in Naples in Mar 1495 that the queen had given birth to a daughter[1239].�

d) CHARLES de France (Ch�teau du Plessis-l�s-Tours, La Riche, Indre-et-Loire 8 Sep 1496-Ch�teau du Plessis-l�s-Tours 2 Oct 1496, bur Tours, �glise cath�drale Saint-Martin).� P�re Anselme records the place and date of his birth, death and burial as shown, citing no primary source except a reference to his tomb at Tours where he was buried next to his older brother Charles Orland[1240].� Dauphin de Viennois from birth.��

e) FRAN�OIS de France ([1497]-Montils-l�s-Tours 1498, bur Tours, �glise cath�drale Saint-Martin).� P�re Anselme records that Fran�ois �v�cut peu de jours� and died �� Montils-lez-Tours� but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1241].� Dauphin de Viennois from birth.��

f) ANNE de France (b and d [20 Mar] 1498, bur Tours, bur Tours, �glise cath�drale Saint-Martin).� P�re Anselme notes �Anne de France morte en bas �ge�, citing no primary source on which the information is based[1242].� Kerrebrouck notes her birth and death 20 Mar 1498 but cites no source on which this date is based[1243].� He notes that the diaries of Marino Sanudo record that the child was conceived in 1497 and born �avant terme� in 1498[1244].�

8. FRAN�OIS de France (Amboise, Indre-et-Loire Sep 1472-Amboise Jul 1473, bur Amboise, �glise des Cordeliers).� P�re Anselme records the birth of Fran�ois �� Amboise au mois de septembre 1472�, his death �au mois de juillet 1473�, and his burial �dans l��glise des Cordeliers d�Amboise�, but does not cite any primary sources which confirm this information[1245].� Kerrebrouck repeats the same information, specifying 3 Sep 1472 for his date of birth, but cites no primary sources either[1246].� Duc de Berry.�

As noted above, the mistresses of Louis XI King of France and his illegitimate children were studied again in June 2021 by Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, who has submitted the following results of his new research for inclusion in Medieval Lands[1247].�

King Louis XI had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

9. JEANNE de France ([1447/56]-Le Coudray 7 May 1515, bur Mirabeau, Vienne, �glise des Cordeliers).� P�re Anselme names �Jeanne b�tarde de France� as King Louis XI�s illegitimate daughter by Marguerite de Sassenage �comme le dit l�Hermite de Soliers�[1248].� The incorrect identification of her mother is explained above under Marguerite de Sassenage.� Brizard in 1779 correctly identified her mother, who was named in Letters Patent dated 25 Feb 1465 (O.S.?) at Orl�ans which legitimated �Jeanne, fille naturelle du Roi et de Felice Regnard, son amie�, while a notice �conserv�e dans le Cabinet de l�Ordre du Saint-Esprit� (which Brizard could not locate and presumed destroyed in a 1737 fire) recording all letters of legitimation at the Chambre des Comptes de Paris listed �Johanna filia naturalis Domini Regis per eum et Phelisiam Regnard domicellam, nunc vidual, genita, uxor Ludovici de Borbonio, comitis Rossilionis� legitimated 25 Feb 1465 at Orl�ans[1249].� Her birth is dated to �1447/1456�, the likely period of her mother�s relationship with the dauphin.� P�re Anselme records that she was married �peu de jours apr�s� her legitimation[1250].� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI records the betrothal of �la fille naturelle du Roy� and �monsieur le bastard de Bourbon�, dated to [late Oct/early Nov] 1465 from the context[1251].� The marriage contract between �Jeanne fille naturelle de Louis XI� and �Louis b�tard de Bourbon� is dated 7 Nov 1465, while the king agreed her dowry of 40,000 �cus d�or and revenue from various seigneuries, Usson in Auvergne and, in Dauphin�, Cr�mieu, Moras, Beaurepaire, Vizille, Cornillon by charter dated 11 Nov 1465[1252].�� Jeanne and her husband also received the vicomt� de Valognes: a letter copied by Mangon du Houguet records that Louis notified his gift of �les vicomt�s terres et seigneuries de Valoignes� under their marriage contract[1253].� King Charles VIII summoned Jeanne 24 Dec 1486 and 16 Nov 1496, at the request of the canons of the coll�giale de Notre-Dame de Mirebeau, for her disturbance of their rights.� Michelle de Chauvigny de Blot widow of Louis de Culant, �lass�e des difficult�s que lui suscitatir sans cesse Jeanne de France�, sold her minor children�s rights to Jeanne in 1488, which was later challenged successfully by one of the children Gabriel de Culant who sold his rights to Fran�ois de Blanchefort[1254].� Dame de Mirebeau en Anjou: the duke and duchess of Bourbon granted �la terre de Mirebeau, sise en Anjou, avec clause de retour� to �Jeanne comtesse de Roussillon, dame de Valorgues, veuve de Louis de Bourbon, fr�re naturel du duc� (and to her son Charles de Bourbon) by charter dated 16 Dec 1489[1255].� After her husband died, Charles VIII reunited the lands of Beaurepaire, Vizille, Cr�mieu, Moras et Cornillon (in Dauphin�) with the domaine de Mirebeau and required the representatives of the Parlement et des Comptes du Dauphin� to grant rights over them to Jeanne by letters issued at Lyon 13 Dec 1490[1256].� �Jehanne de France, contesse de Roussillon, baronnesse de Mirebeau, Belcaire et Esperac, dame de Valoignes et d�Usson� granted proxy relating to her lands by charter dated 15 Dec 1491 at Plessis-lez-Tours[1257].� �Madame l�Admirale, veufue de feu Messire Louys bastard de Bourbon, portoit le cremeau� at the baptism of Charles Orland, dauphin, 13 Oct 1492[1258].� �Jehanne de France comtesse de Roussillon, Dame de Valoignes, de Mirebeau et d�Usson� was named in a charter dated 30 May 1493[1259].� King Charles VIII, by letters at Amboise 27 Oct 1497, granted enjoyment �du comt� de Valognes, en Normandie, et de la terre d�Usson en Auvergne� to Jeanne for 30 years but confirmed the crown�s acquisition of her lands in Dauphin�, although soon afterwards King Louis XII granted �les terres de Vizille, Beaurepaire et Cr�mieu�, and revenue from �des terres de Moras et de Cornillon� for 12 years, to Jeanne by way of compensation for losing Langes and Loudun respectively, all these agreements being ratified later by King Fran�ois I by letters dated at Compi�gne 6 Feb 1515 and registered the following 19 May[1260].� Jeanne sold the baronnie de La Hougue-Saint-Vaast and the seigneurie d�Anneville to the bishop of Coutances in 1498[1261].� Jeanne donated property to the convent des Cordeliers de Valogne and participated in the foundation of l�H�tel-Dieu by charter dated 28 Jan 1499[1262].� Dame de Montpensier et de Puyrenon en Mirebalais, bought from the Bueil family and annexed to the domaine de Mirebeau (recorded in her document addressed to the king dated 28 Jul 1508).� The marriage contract between �Jacques de La Trimoille, seigneur de Bosmyers, Conflans, Jan�ay, Verax et Chasteauregnart, conseiller et chambellan du roy� and �damoiselle Avoye de Chabannes, contesse de Dampmartin, baronnesse de Champignelles, dame de Courtenay et Sainct-Morize� is dated 3 Sep 1511, with the consent of �madame Jehanne de France, contesse de Roussillon, dame de Valongnes, d�Usson, baronnesse de Mirebeau� sa grand-m�re[1263].� Accounts from Dauphin� record Jeanne�s death in her ch�teau du Coudray 7 May 1515[1264].� P�re Anselme records that her testament was dated at Chinon 7 May 1515 and that she died in 1519� [incorrect year] �fort �g�e� having chosen to be buried �en la chapelle qu�elle avoit fondee aux Cordeliers de Mirabeau�[1265].� m (Contract 7 Nov 1465, Paris end Feb 1466) LOUIS b�tard de Bourbon Comte de Roussillon et de Ligny, illegitimate son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon & his mistress Jeanne de Bournan (-Valognes, Manche Jan 1487, bur �glise Saint-Fran�ois).��

King Louis XI had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1) or (2):�

10. MARIE de France ([1449/51]-1469, before 5 Jul).� P�re Anselme names �Marie b�tarde de France� as the second of King Louis�s illegitimate daughters by Marguerite de Sassenage[1266].� Chorier, in 1672, also said that Marguerite de Sassenage was �m�re de deux filles ; l�une Jeanne...l�autre Marie...�[1267].� The doubts regarding the king�s relationship with Marguerite de Sassenage are discussed above, suggesting that she was not Marie�s mother.� Brizard in 1779, noting l�Hermite Solier (who recorded that the king had �une fille naturelle de la Dame de Beaumont�, identified as Jeanne as discussed above under Marguerite de Sassenage) said that �de son aveu m�me la m�re de Marie, �pouse du seigneur de Saint-Vallier, est inconnue�, adds that �sa naissance �toit une esp�ce de myst�re. O� Chorier et ceux qui l�on suivi en ont-ils pris davantage? Quelle source a-t-on cit�? Aucune�[1268].� Pilot de Thorey, on the other hand, names Marie as King Louis XI�s daughter by F�lise Reynard[1269].� He cites no primary source to support his statement, although Patrick Van Kerrebrouck suggests that �on peut faire confiance � l�archiviste Pilot de Thorey qui, apr�s son p�re, a consacr� sa vie � l�histoire du Dauphin��[1270].� Marie�s high profile marriage does suggest that her mother may have been of noble origin (as appears to have been the case with F�lise Reynard, as noted above).� However, consistent with the insistence in Medieval Lands on primary source evidence, the possibility cannot be excluded that her mother was another unknown mistress of Dauphin Louis.� King Louis XI, on the occasion of the proposed marriage between �Aimar de Poitiers, seigneur de Saint-Vallier, son chambellan� and �Marie de France, sa fille naturelle�, granted to him revenue from �Pisan�on, ainsi que les ch�teaux, villes et ch�tellenies de La Roche-de-Glun, La Beaume, Rochefort et Ch�teaudouble, avec la gabelle � sel de Romans et le p�age de La Sauvetat en Auvergne...�, while Aymar de Poitiers donated �des baronnies, terres et seigneuries de Privas, Tournon et Saint-Vincent� and annual payments to Marie, by charter dated Jun 1467[1271].� The king ordered that �sa fille naturelle Marie, dont il venait d�arreter le mariage avec Aimar de Poitiers, seigneur de Saint-Vallier� should bear �les armes de France, avec une bande dor allant de gauche � droite, ainsi que les enfants naturels ont coutume de la faire�, by letters dated 11 Jul 1467, registered 11 Nov 1467[1272].� The king ordered payments to �Marie de France, sa fille naturelle, �pouse du seigneur de Saint-Vallier�, dated 20 Oct 1467, while she acknowledged receipt of certain household linen and clothing 28 Aug 1468[1273].� In a letter dated 5 Jul 1469, the king recorded the death of �ma fille de Saint-Valler� and ordered the recovery of the lands granted to her husband[1274].� m (contract Chartres Jun 1467, [11 Jul] 1467) as his first wife, AYMAR de Poitiers Seigneur de Saint-Vallier, son of CHARLES [II] de Poitiers Seigneur de Saint-Vallier & his wife Anne de Montlaur (-after 9 Sep 1510).�

King Louis XI had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):�

11. --- [de France] .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the following document.� King Louis XI, in consideration of his marriage �avec une de ses filles naturelles�, granted �l�office de greffier de la Cour commune de Vienne� to �Fran�ois Ailloud�, undated, cited in a charter of King Charles VIII dated 3 Apr 1484[1275].� Pilot de Thory records that the original grant was withdrawn, that after the death of Louis XI it was renewed by King Charles VIII by letters dated 4 Nov 1483 but that �les gens du Parlement et des Comptes du Dauphin�� refused to maintain him in the position, and that the king confirmed the appointment by letters patent dated 3 Apr 1483 (O.S.), registered 12 May 1484[1276].� Pilot de Thory records that Fran�ois Ailloud was appointed �procureur fiscal de la Cour mage de Graisivaudan� in 1479 and �ma�tre auditeur en la Chambre des comptes du Dauphin�� in 1489, and was named as auditor in a document dated 1493[1277].� m FRAN�OIS Ailloud, son of --- (-after 1493).�

P�re Anselme also names �Isabeau b�tarde de France� as another alleged illegitimate daughter of Louis XI (without naming her mother), noting that she married �Louis de S. Priest�, by whom she had �Jeanne de S. Priest� who married 18 Jan 1488 �Soffrey Alaman�, who was �Lieutenant general au gouvernement de Dauphin�� in 1502[1278].� Anselme cites no primary sources but refers to �la genealogie d�Alleman par Allard� (no citation reference).� Following his latest research, Patrick Van Kerrebrouck concludes that �aucun document ne rattache ce personage au Dauphin, futur Louis XI�.� Moreover he notes that the dauphin appointed �Louis Richard, seigneur de Saint-Priest, gentilhomme dauphinois fils de Gilles Richard et filleul de Louis XI� as ch�telain de Bardon�che by letters dated at Albi 6 Jan 1444, granted him payments �garanties par les seigneuries de Vaux et de Saint-Symphorien d�Ozon� on his marriage with �Jeanne de Bigny� 8 Dec 1461, and ordered other payments in his favour 15 Dec 1470[1279].�

B.�� DUCS d'ORLEANS, KINGS of FRANCE 1515-1589

LOUIS de France, son of CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 13 Mar 1372-murdered Paris 23 Nov 1407, bur Paris, �glise des C�lestins).� The Chronique des r�gnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the birth 13 Mar 1372 of �messire Loys secont filz du roy Charles�[1280].� Comte de Valois after the death of Philippe Duc d'Orl�ans 1 Sep 1375, first named as such 4 Jan 1376.� Duc de Touraine Nov 1386 at Lille.� He joined the Royal Council 16 Feb 1389.� He entered Lombardy in Feb 1391, taking Pavia in Mar 1391.� Duc d'Orl�ans at Paris 4 Jun 1392, in exchange for the duchy of Touraine.� His brother named him regent in Jan 1393 to act during the former's periods of insanity.� He acquired the duchy of Luxembourg and county of Chiny 18 Aug 1402.� The testment of �Louys fils de Roy de France...Duc d�Orleans, Comte de Valois, de Blois et de Beaumont�, dated 19 Oct 1403, requests burial �au milieu du Ch�ur de l�Eglise [des] Religieux Celestins�, ordered dower for �Valentine ma femme...fille de Jean Galeas Duc de Milan, Comte de Pavie et de Vertus�, bequeathes property to �mes trois enfans Charles, Philippes et Jean�[1281].� He was murdered near la Porte Barbette on the orders of Jean "Sans Peur" Duke of Burgundy.� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records details concerning the background and assassination of the duke of Orl�ans, and his burial �en Celestinz � Paris�[1282].�

Betrothed ([1374]) to KATALIN of Hungary, daughter of LAJOS I King of Hungary & his second wife Jelisaveta Kotromanić of Bosnia (1370-1377).�

m firstly (by proxy Apr 1385, contract abandoned) as her first husband, M�RIA King of Hungary, daughter of LAJOS I King of Hungary & his second wife Jelisaveta Kotromanić of Bosnia (1371-Buda 1395, bur Warasdin).� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the betrothal of �Loys second filz du roy premier Charles de Vallois� and �la fille o roy de Hongrye, lequel n�avoit d�enfanz que elle� and the news which arrived in France in Sep 1385 that she had married �au frere de l�empereur d�Allemaigne�[1283].�

m secondly (contract Paris 27 Jan 1387, by proxy Pavia 8 Apr 1387, in person Paris or Melun 17 Aug 1389) VALENTINA Visconti, daughter of GIAN GALEAZZO Visconti Lord of Milan & his first wife Isabelle de France (1366-Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 14 Dec 1408, bur Paris, �glise des C�lestins).� Giovanni di Musso�s Chronicon Placentinum records the betrothal in 1387 of "Dominus comes Virtutum�unicam filiam suam Dominam Valentinam" and "Duci Turoni� comiti Valexii, fratris�Regis Francorum"[1284].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the marriage �mardi X jour d�aost� 1389 in Paris of �Loys de Vallois frere du roy, adonc duc de Tourayne (et puis apr�s fu duc d�Orlyens)� and �la fille Bernabosc sire de Millen en Lambardie�[1285].� She was given the counties of Vertus and Asti as her dowry.� She left the French court Apr 1396, living thereafter at Asni�res, Ch�teau-Thierry, Villers-Cotter�ts and Blois.� "Princeps�et�dominus Johannes Galeaz Dux Mediolani�Papie, Anglerieque ac Virtutum comes", in his testament dated 1397, provided for "�Valentinam filiam suam et consortem�d. Ludovici ducis Aurelianensis et filii quondam Francorum regis"[1286].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the death 3 Dec 1408 of �la ducesse d�Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d�Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii� who �quidoit en son temps estre royne de France, mais...failly � son entente�[1287].�

Mistress (1): MARIE d'Enghien, wife of AUBERT le Flamenc Seigneur de Canny, daughter of JACQUES d�Enghien Seigneur d�Havr� et de Fagnolle & his wife Marie de Roucy.� P�re Anselme names �Yoland ou Mariette d�Enghien� (�Marie d�Enghien fille de Jacques d�Enghien� in another section) as mother of Jean b�tard d�Orl�ans comte de Dunois, adding that she was �femme d�Aubert le Flamenc seigneur de Cany, chevalier de Picardie, petit-fils de Raoul le Flamenc mar�chal de France�, but does not cite the source on which this information is based[1288].� Barante�s Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne records that Louis Duc d�Orl�ans had seduced the wife of �Aubert le Flamenc seigneur de Canny, ancien chambellan du duc� and had a son by her[1289].�

Duke Louis & his second wife had eight children:

1. daughter d�Orl�ans (Paris May [1390]-May [1390], bur Paris �glise Saint-Paul).� P�re Anselme mentions the birth and death of an unnamed daughter �au mois may, non pas en 1389 puisque sa mere ne fut mari�e qu�en septembre de cette ann�e, mais au plut�t en may 1390�, adding that �9. compte de Jean Perdrier, ma�tre de la chambre aux deniers de la reine Isabel� records her burial �� S. Paul�[1290].�

2. [LOUIS] [Charles] d'Orl�ans (Paris H�tel de Saint-Pol 26 May 1391-before 27 Sep [1395], bur Paris �glise des C�lestins).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orl�ans gave birth 26 May 1391 �dans l�h�tel royal de Saint-Paul de Paris� to �un fils...Charles�, whose godfather was �monseigneur le duc de Bourbon�[1291].� P�re Anselme states that �[le] 20. compte de Jean Perdrier� records that �Charles� died �l�ann�e suivante en l�h�tel de S. Paul� and was buried �en l��glise des Celestins de Paris le lundi 27 septembre�[1292].� Anselme links this latter entry to Charles who was born 24 Nov 1394 (see below), meaning that �l�ann�e suivante� would be 1395.� He assumes that Charles born 26 May 1391 was the duke�s son who succeeded his father in 1407.� Without seeing the original entry in the �Perdrier� account, it is impossible to assess the true position, although it seems unlikely that two sons of Louis Duke of Orl�ans would have been given the same name as only exceptional cases of duplicate names can be observed in the Valois/Capet family.� His godfather being Louis II Duc de Bourbon, as recorded in the Chronique de Saint-Denis as noted above, suggests that his name �Charles� in the same source was an error and that his actual name was Louis.�

3. PHILIPPE [Jean] d'Orl�ans ([Sep] 1393-Ch�teau de Vincennes before 31 Oct 1393, bur Paris �glise des C�lestins).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the queen gave birth 24 Aug, 1392 from the context (which must be incorrect given the births of her other children), �dans l�h�tel royal de Saint-Paul� to �une fille...Marie�, and that �peu apr�s� the duchess of Orl�ans gave birth to �un fils...Philippe�[1293].� It is assumed that the entry was intended to refer to 1393.� P�re Anselme states that �[le] 16. compte de Jean Perdrier� records that �Jean� died �vers le mois de septembre 1393...au ch�teau de Vincennes� and was buried �aux Celestins de Paris le vendredi 31 octobre suivant�[1294].� No primary source has been identified which helps resolve the contradiction regarding his name.�

4. CHARLES d'Orl�ans (H�tel royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 24 Nov 1394-Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 4 Jan 1465, bur Paris �glise des C�lestins).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orl�ans gave birth, 1394 from the context, �vers le milieu de novembre...en l�h�tel royal de Saint-Paul� to �un fils...Charles�[1295].� Comte d'Angoul�me.� Duc de Valois.� He succeeded his father in 1407 as Duc d'Orl�ans.�

-�� see below.�

5. PHILIPPE d'Orl�ans (Asni�res-sur-Oise, Val d'Oise [21/24] Jul 1396-Beaugency, Loiret 1 Sep 1420, bur Paris �glise des C�lestins).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orl�ans gave birth �au mois de juillet�, 1395 from the context which appears impossible given the birth of the duchess�s other children, of �un fils...Philippe�[1296].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande names �Philippe...compte de Vertus� as the second son of �la ducesse d�Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d�Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii�[1297].� Comte de Vertus et de Porcien, after his father's death under the latter's will.� Vertus was withdrawn, but restored to him 27 Aug 1412, registered 29 Aug 1412.� He was a faithful supporter of the Dauphin, later King Charles VII.� Betrothed (1408, contract repudiated [1410]) to CATHERINE de Bourgogne, demoiselle de Guise, daughter of JEAN "Sans Peur" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Marguerite de Hainaut (1391-Ghent 1414).� P�re Anselme records the betrothal in 1408 of Philippe d�Olr�ans Comte de Vertus and �Catherine de Bourgogne, fille de Jean duc de Bourgogne et de Marhuerite de Baviere�, adding that �environ deux ans apr�s elle fut renvoy�e � son p�re� without explaining the reasons or citing any primary source on which this information is based[1298].� Philippe had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:��

a) PHILIPPE b�tard de Vertus (-executed before 18 Aug 1445).� P�re Anselme states that �Philippe de Valois b�tard de Vertus�, illegitimate son of Philippe d�Orl�ans Comte de Vertus, was present at the siege of �Montereau-faut-Yonne� in 1427 and that �un compte du domaine de Paris 1446� records the sale 18 Aug 1445 of property confiscated from �feu noble homme M. Philippe de Valois b�tard de Vertus, n�agueres execut� � mort pour ses demerites en la comt� de Valois�[1299].�

6. MARIE d'Orl�ans (Ch�teau de Coucy, Aisne 1401, before 11 Apr-after 8 Aug 1401).� P�re Anselme mentions the birth of an unnamed daughter �au ch�teau de Coucy en 1401�, whose godfather was �le duc de Gueldres�, but does not cite the source on which this information is based[1300].� A receipt dated 8 Aug 1401 records the delivery of cloth bought 11 Apr 1401 and taken to Coucy �pour envelopper Mademoiselle Marie d�Orl�ans�[1301].� It is assumed that she died soon after her birth as no other record of her has been identified.�

7. JEAN d'Orl�ans ([May] 1400-Ch�teau de Cognac, Charente 30 Apr 1467, bur Angoul�me Cath�drale Saint-Pierre).� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande names �Jehan...compte d�Angoulesme� as the third son of �la ducesse d�Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d�Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii�[1302].� Comte d'Angoul�me et de P�rigord, after his father's death under the latter's will.��

-�� see below.�

8. MARGUERITE d'Orl�ans ([1406]-Abbaye de Laguiche, near Blois 24 Apr 1466, bur Abbaye de Laguiche).� P�re Anselme states that Marguerite was born �en 1406�, but does not cite the source on which this information is based[1303].� She is not named in her father�s will dated 19 Oct 1403 (see above).� The Geste des Nobles records that �le r�gent� gave �mademoiselle Marguerite seule s�ur le duc d�Orl�ans� in marriage to �Richart de Bretaigne� with �le cont� d�Estampes�, against the wishes of her brother, dated to 1420 from the context[1304].� She was given the county of Vertus as her dowry.� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by letters dated 14 Aug 1461 which record a claim by �Mariam de Sill� defuncti Iacobi de Surgeriis...militis domini de Floceleria relicta� which names �...Margaretam de Aurelianis defuncti...Richardi de Britannia...comitis Stamparum relictam�[1305].� After her husband died, she retired to the Abbaye de Laguiche.� m (Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 29 Aug 1423) RICHARD de Bretagne Comte d'Etampes, son of JEAN V Duke of Brittany & Infanta do�a Juana de Navarra (end 1395-Ch�teau de Clisson, Loire-Atlantique 2 Jun 1438, bur Nantes Cathedral Saint-Pierre).��

Duke Louis had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):�

9. JEAN b�tard d'Orl�ans (Paris 23 Nov 1402-L'Haye 24 Nov 1468, bur Notre Dame de Cl�ry).� Seigneur de Valbonais 1421.� Comte de Vertus.� �Charles duc d�Orl�ans et de Valois, conte de Blois et de Beaumont et seigneur de Coucy� authorised �nostre...fr�re Jehan Bastard d�Orl�ans conte de Vertus et grant chambellan de France� to sell property to pay ransom for his release from imprisonment in England by charter dated 2 Apr 1437[1306].� Comte de Dunois 1439.� Comte de Longueville 1443.��

-�� COMTES et DUCS de LONGUEVILLE.�

CHARLES d'Orl�ans, son of LOUIS de France Duc d'Orl�ans & his second wife Valentina Visconti of Milan (H�tel royal de Saint-Pol, Paris 24 Nov 1394-Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 4 Jan 1465, bur Paris �glise des C�lestins).� The Chronique de Saint-Denis records that the duchess of Orl�ans gave birth, 1394 from the context, �vers le milieu de novembre...en l�h�tel royal de Saint-Paul� to �un fils...Charles�[1307].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande names �l�aisn�...Charles...apr�s la mort de son pere...duc d�Orleenz et de Valloys, comte de Blays et de Beaumont et seigneur de Coucy� as one of the three sons of �la ducesse d�Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d�Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii�[1308].� Comte d'Angoul�me.� Duc de Valois.� He succeeded his father 1407 as Duc d'Orl�ans.� He was invested as Conte di Asti by Emperor Sigismund 12 Sep 1413.� Captured at the battle of Agincourt 25 Oct 1415, he was taken to England where he remained a prisoner until 1440.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records that in Jun 1440 King Henry VI released �Charles duc d�Orl�ans� whom he had held in prison since the battle of Agincourt, adding that the ransom was rumoured to be �plus de quatre cens mille escuz�[1309].� He claimed the duchy of Milan in 1447 on the death of Filippo Maria Visconti, and entered the city 22 Oct 1447.�

m firstly (contract 5 Jun 1406, Compi�gne, Oise 6 Jun 1407) as her second husband, ISABELLE de France, widow of RICHARD II King of England, daughter of CHARLES VI King of France & his wife Elisabeth [Isabelle] von Bayern-Ingolstadt (Palais du Louvre 9 Nov 1389-Blois before 9 Sep 1409, bur Chapelle de Notre-Dame des Bonnes-Nouvelles, Abbaye de Saint-Laumer, Blois, transferred 1624 to l'�glise des C�lestins, Paris).� The marriage contract between �nostre...fille Isabelle de France Reyne d�Angleterre� and �nostre...neveu Charles d�Angoulesme aisn� fils de nostre frere [le Duc d�Orleans]� is dated 1404[1310].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the marriage �au Chastel-Tyerry�, in May 1405 from the context, of �l�ainsn� filz au duc d�Orlienz, frere du roy� and �la fille dudit roy, celle qui se disoit royne d�Engleterre et fame de Ricart roy d�Engleterre�[1311].� She died from the after-effects of childbirth.� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records her death 13 Sep 1409, adding that she �n�ut omcques nul enfant� and that �le pleupe, clers et lays� were �mal contens pour ce qu�ilz estoient cousinz frareux�[1312].�

m secondly (contract Gien, Loiret 18 Apr 1410, Riom, Puy-de-D�me 15 Aug 1410) BONNE d'Armagnac, daughter of BERNARD [VII] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Bonne de Berry (Lavardens, Gers 19 Feb [1395]-Castelnau-de-Montmiral, Tarn [1430[1313]/16 Nov 1435]).� The testament of "Bonne de Berry comtesse d�Armaganc et de Rhodes vicomtesse de Carlades, veuve de Bernard comte d�Armagnac et Rhodes", dated 18 Sep 1430, bequeathed property to �...Bonne d�Armagnac sa fille duchesse d�Orl�ans...�[1314].�

m thirdly (contract Montreuil 16 Nov 1440, Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais, Abbaye de Saint-Bertin 26 Nov 1440) as her first husband, MARIA von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF II Duke of Kleve & his second wife Marie de Bourgogne [Valois-Capet] ([19 Sep 1426]-Chauny-en-Picardie, Aisne Jul 1486, bur Paris �glise des C�lestins).� Wernher Teschenmacher�s Annales Clivi� (1630s) records the birth �pridie Matth�i Apostoli� 1426 of �Maria� who married �Carolo Valesio duci Aurelianensi�, but the editor of the edition consulted quotes no earlier primary source which confirms this information[1315].� She was brought up at the court of her uncle the duke of Burgundy.� The long delay between her marriage and the birth of her children suggests that this reported year of her birth may not be correct.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records the marriage �� Saint-Omer� of �Charles duc d�Orl�ans� and �la niepce au duc de Bourguongne�, after his release from prison in England[1316].� Dame de Chaumont-sur-Loire, de La Borde et des Rochettes May 1466.� She married secondly (secretly [1473/75]) Claude de Rabodanges Seigneur de Thun ([1441/42]-), who had arrived in Blois [1468] and became her ma�tre d'h�tel[1317].�

Duke Charles & his first wife had one child:

1. JEANNE d'Orl�ans (Blois Aug 1409-Angers, Abbaye de Saint-Aubin, Maine-et-Loire 19 May 1432, bur Abbaye de Saint-Aubin).� The Geste des Nobles records the marriage of �le duc d�Alen�on� and �Madamoiselle Jehanne seulle fille le duc d�Orl�ans�, dated to 1423 from the context[1318].� Cagny�s Chronique d�Alen�on records that Jean married �Jehenne fille du duc d�Orleens et de madame Ysabel de France, ainsn�e fille du roy� in 1423[1319].� m (contract Blois 14 May 1410, Blois 1423) as his first wife, JEAN II "le Bon" Duc d'Alen�on, son of JEAN I "le Sage" Duc d'Alen�on & his wife Marie de Bretagne dame de La Guerche (Ch�teau d�Argentan 2 Mar [1409]- Paris 1476, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).�

Duke Charles & his third wife had three children:

2. MARIE d'Orl�ans (Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 19 Dec 1457-Maz�res, Ari�ge [1492/93], bur Maz�res [or Etampes Notre-Dame]).� The contract for her proposed marriage to Pierre de Bourbon is dated 30 Sep 1461[1320].� The Chronique Scandaleuse of Louis XI names �madame de Nerbonne fille du feu Duc d�Orleans� as wife of �monseigneur le Viconte de Nerbonne fils du Comte de Fouez�[1321].� Van Kerrebrouck dates Marie�s marriage �en 1476� (no source cited)[1322].� R. Anthony dates her marriage to �vers 1485� (no source cited)[1323].� La Perri�re�s 1539 Annalles de Foix records that �Marie Dorleans� died 1492 at �Maseres� and was buried �a Leglise parrochialle dudict lieu�[1324].� R. Anthony notes (referring to Marie�s date of death) that �La plupart des auteurs disent cependant 1493, peut-�tre apr�s avoir fait une correction de Style?� (no source citations)[1325].� R. Anthony notes that Polluche stated that Marie �repose avec son mari � l��glise coll�giale N.-D. d�tampes�[1326].� Betrothed (contract 30 Sep 1461, 22 Mar 1463, confirmed 8 Nov 1465, contract terminated before 1473) to PIERRE de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, son of CHARLES I Duc de Bourbon & his wife Agn�s de Bourgogne [Valois] (1 Dec 1438-Ch�teau de Moulins 10 Oct 1503, bur Priory of Souvigny).� m (1476 or [1485]) JEAN de Foix Infante de Navarra Vicomte de Narbonne Comte d'Etampes, son of GASTON IV Comte de Foix et de Bigorre & his wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Navarra ([1447/48?]-after 5 Nov 1500, bur Etampes Notre-Dame).� He claimed the throne of Navarre 1483-1497.�

3. LOUIS d'Orl�ans (Ch�teau de Blois 27 Jun 1462-H�tel royal des Tournelles, Paris 1 Jan 1515, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Blois 27 Jun 1462 of �Louis XII roi de France�[1327].� He succeeded his father in 1465 as Duc d'Orl�ans.� He succeeded in 1498 as LOUIS XII King of France.�

-�� see below.�

4. ANNE d'Orl�ans (1464-Poitiers, Abbaye de Sainte-Croix 9 Sep 1491, bur Poitiers, Abbaye de Sainte-Croix).� Abbess of Fontevrault 1478.� Abbess of Sainte-Croix, Poitiers.� P�re Anselme records that her monumental inscription at Poitiers Sainte-Croix records her death 9 Sep 1491[1328].�

LOUIS d'Orl�ans, son of CHARLES Duc d'Orl�ans & his third wife Maria von Kleve (Ch�teau de Blois 27 Jun 1462-H�tel royal des Tournelles, Paris 1 Jan 1515, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Blois 27 Jun 1462 of �Louis XII roi de France�[1329].� He succeeded his father in 1465 as Duc d'Orl�ans.� President of the Royal Council 4 Nov 1483.� He rebelled against the government of Pierre de Bourbon Seigneur de Beaujeu, defeated at Saint-Aubin du Cormier 1488, his assets were confiscated 24 Apr 1488.� He was imprisoned, first in the Ch�teau de Lusignan, later in the Tour de Bourges.� Pardoned by King Charles VIII at Montils-l�s-Tours 28 Jun 1491, his assets were restored to him.� On the death of King Charles VIII, he was proclaimed LOUIS XII King of France 9 Apr 1498, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 27 May 1498.� He conquered Milan 6 Oct 1499, losing it shortly after, but reconquering it in Spring 1501.� He was invested as duke of Milan by the emperor 7 Apr 1505, confirmed at Trento 14 Jun 1509.� Allying himself with Fernando King of Aragon in 1501, they expelled Federigo King of Sicily and divided his territories between them.� He entered Naples in Aug 1501, but he was defeated by the Spanish and lost the kingdom under the Peace of Lyon 31 Mar 1504.� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death 1 Jan 1515 �� Paris, aux Tournelles� of �le roi Louis XII� and his burial 12 Jan 1515 at Saint-Denis[1330].�

m firstly (contract Jargeau, Loiret 28 Oct 1473, and 28 Aug 1476, Ch�teau de Montrichard 8 Sep 1476, annulled Amboise 17 Dec 1498) JEANNE de France, daughter of LOUIS XI King of France & his second wife Charlotte de Savoie (Nogent-le-Roi, Eure-et-Loir 23 Apr 1464-Bourges, Bishop's palace 4 Feb 1505, bur Bourges, Monast�re de l'Annonciade).� Created Dss de Berry 26 Dec 1498.� In 1501, she founded the Monast�re de l'Annonciade in Bourges, where she became a nun Pentecost in 1504 as S�ur Jehanne-Marienne.� Beatified 18 Jun 1742 by Pope Benedict XIV, canonised 28 May 1950 by Pope Pius XII as Sainte-Jeanne de France.�

m secondly (contract Etampes 18 Aug 1498[1331], Papal dispensation 13 Sep 1498, Ch�teau de Nantes 7 Jan 1499) as her third husband, ANNE Dss of Brittany, former wife firstly of MAXIMILIAN King of the Romans Archduke of Austria and widow secondly of CHARLES VIII King of France, daughter of FRAN�OIS II Duke of Brittany & his second wife Marguerite de Foix (Ch�teau de Nantes 25 Jan 1477-Ch�teau de Blois 9 Jan 1514, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Nantes 26 Jan 1476 of �Anne reine de France et duchesse de Bretagne�[1332].� She was consecrated Queen of France, for the second time, 18 Nov 1504 at l'Abbaye de Saint-Denis.� It was a condition of the contract for her second marriage that, should her husband die without heirs, she could only marry the heir to the French throne.� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death at Blois 9 Jan 1514 of �madame Claude reine de France et femme de mon fils�[1333].�

m thirdly (contract London 7 Aug 1514, by proxy Greyfriars Church, Greenwich Palace 13 Aug 1514, by proxy �glise des C�lestins Paris 2 Sep 1514, contract 14 Sep 1514, in person Abbeville Cathedral, Somme 9 Oct 1514) as her first husband, MARY Pss of England, daughter of HENRY VII King of England & his wife Elizabeth of York (Richmond Palace, Surrey or Palace of Westminster 18 Mar 1496-Westhorpe Hall, Suffolk [24/26] Jun 1533, bur 22 Jul Abbey Church, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, transferred to St Mary�s Church, Bury St Edmunds).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the betrothal by proxy 10 Aug 1514 of �[le] roy Louis XII...fort antique et d�bile� and �la s�ur du roy d�Angleterre...Marie� and their marriage 9 Oct 1514[1334].� Consecrated Queen of France 5 Nov 1514 at l'Abbaye de Saint-Denis.� She married secondly (secretly Chapel in the Palais de Cluny, Paris [4/20] Feb 1515 and 31 Mar 1515, publicly Greyfriars Church, Greenwich Palace 13 May 1515) as his third wife, Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, son of Sir William Brandon & his wife Elizabeth Bruyn ([1484]-The Palace, Guildford, Surrey 22 Aug 1545, bur St George�s Chapel, Windsor), who was English ambassador to the King of France Oct 1514-May 1515.� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the marriage 31 Mar 1515 of �le duc de Suffolk, homme de basse condition, lequel Henri VIII...avoit ambassadeur devers le Roi� and �Marie d�Angleterre veufve de Louis XII� and their departure for England 16 Apr 1515[1335].�

[Mistress (1): ---.� The name of King Louis's possible mistress is not known.]�

King Louis XII & his second wife had [five] children:

1. CLAUDE de France (Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher or Romorantin 13 Oct 1499-Ch�teau de Blois 20 Jul 1524, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Romorantin 13 Oct 1499 of �ma fille Claude conjoincte � mon fils par mariage�[1336].� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that the marriage of �mon fils et madame Claude, � pr�sent reine de France� was confirmed 22 May 1507 �au Plessis, � Tours�[1337].� Ctss de Blois.� Journal de Louise de Savoie records the marriage 18 May 1514 at Saint Germain-en-Laye of �mon fils�[1338].� Her father installed her as Dss de Bretagne at Beauvais 27 Oct 1514, in succession to her mother.� Consecrated Queen of France 10 May 1517 at Saint-Denis.� Betrothed (Lyon 12 Aug 1501, contract terminated at Tours 1506) to KARL Archduke of Austria, son of PHILIPP Archduke of Austria [FELIPE I King of Castile] & his wife Juana Queen of Castile (Gent 24 Feb 1500-San Jeronimo de Yuste near Toledo 21 Sep 1558, bur San Jeronimo de Yuste, transferred 1574 to Escorial).� He succeeded his maternal grandfather in 1516 as CARLOS I King of Aragon and Castile.� He succeeded his paternal grandfather in 1519 as Archduke of Austria, abdicated 1521.� Elected Emperor KARL V and King of the Romans in 1519.� m (contract Ch�teau de Montils-l�s-Tours 22 May 1507, Ch�teau de Saint Germain-en-Laye 18 May 1514) FRAN�OIS d'Orl�ans Duc de Valois "Monseigneur", Comte d'Angoul�me, son of CHARLES d'Orl�ans Comte d'Angoul�me et de P�rigord & his wife Louise de Savoie (Ch�teau de Cognac 12 Sep 1494-Ch�teau de Rambouillet 31 Mar 1547, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� He succeeded in 1515 as FRAN�OIS I King of France.�

2. [son ([late 1500/early 1501]-young).� P�re Anselme records that in 1501 King Louis XII sent �le cardinal d�Amboise� to Trentino to negotiate a marriage between his son and one of the daughters of Philipp Archduke of Austria (son of Maximilian I King of the Romans)[1339].� He cites no primary source on which he bases this statement.� If it is correct, the son in question must have been different from the one who was born 21 Jan [1503/07] who is shown below.]�

3. son (stillborn Ch�teau de Blois 21 Jan [1503/07]).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that �Anne reine de France� gave birth at Blois 21 Jan to �un fils...il avoit faute de vie�[1340].� The entry does not specify the year but follows an entry for 1502 and precedes one for 1507.� Kerrebrouck dates the event to 1503 �� l�issue d�un voyage � Lyon� but does not specify the primary source on which he bases this information[1341].�

4. RENEE de France (Ch�teau de Blois 29 Oct 1510-Ch�teau de Montargis, Loiret 12 Jun 1575, bur Ch�teau de Montargis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Blois 29 Oct 1510 of �Madame Ren�e s�ur de madame Claude�[1342].� Invested as Dss de Chartres, Ctss de Gisors, Dame de Montargis in Jul 1528 as part of her dowry.� She returned to France after her husband died, to live at Montargis.� She converted to Calvinism.� m (contract 30 Jul 1527, contract 10 Feb 1528, Paris, Chapelle Saint-Louis du Palais de la Cit� 28 Jun 1528) ERCOLE d'Este, son of ALFONSO I d'Este Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio & his second wife Lucrezia Borgia (4 May 1508-Ferrara 3 Oct 1559, bur Ferrara Corpus Domini).� He succeeded his father in 1534 as ERCOLE II Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio.�

5. son (stillborn Ch�teau de Blois Jan [1513]).� P�re Anselme records a second son �mort en bas �ge�, without dates or primary source citations[1343].� Kerrebrouck records a son �mort-n� au ch�teau de Blois janvier 1512�, commenting that �[la] grossesse [de la reine] tourne mal� after Pope Julius II excommunicated King Louis XII for refusing to negotiate the liberation of the papal legate whom the French had captured after the battle of Ravenna[1344].� He cites no source on which he bases this information.� The source has not been identified.� As the battle happened 11 Apr 1512, Kerrebrouck�s date is presumably O.S.� This birth is not mentioned in the Journal de Louise de Savoie[1345].�

King Louis XII had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

6. [MICHEL de Bucy ([1484/85]-8 Feb 1511, bur Bourges Cathedral).� P�re Anselme says that �Dom Christophe Vlierden benedictin de l�abbaye de S. Sulpice� said in his �Patriarchat de Bourges� that it was �l�opinion commune� that Michel de Bucy was the illegitimate son of King Louis XII[1346].� Protonotary apostolic and doyen of Saint-Aignan at Orl�ans.� Proposed as Archbishop of Bourges 25 Sep 1505, his appointment was confirmed by Pope Julius II 21 Nov 1505 as far as the temporal administration was concerned, with a deputy for the spiritual until he attained the age of 27.]�

JEAN d'Orl�ans, son of LOUIS de France Duc d'Orl�ans & his second wife Valentina Visconti of Milan ([May] 1400-Ch�teau de Cognac, Charente 30 Apr 1467, bur Angoul�me Cath�drale Saint-Pierre).� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande names �Jehan...compte d�Angoulesme� as the third son of �la ducesse d�Orliens, fille au sire de Millen et fame de monsr d�Orlienz, frere du roy Charles ii�[1347].� Comte d'Angoul�me et de P�rigord, after his father's death under the latter's will.� Sent to England as a hostage by his brother Charles Duc d'Orl�ans under the Treaty of Buzan�ais 14 Nov 1412, he remained a prisoner in England until Apr 1445.� Known as "le Bon", in 1515 Rome started the necessary enquiries preliminary to canonisation, which did not proceed.�

m (contracts 30 Jul 1446, 31 Aug 1449) MARGUERITE de Rohan, daughter of ALAIN [IX] Vicomte de Rohan, Comte de Porho�t & his first wife Marguerite de Bretagne (-Ch�teau de Cognac 1496, bur Angoul�me).� �Jehan Comte d�Angolesme� (while still in England) appointed proxies to negotiate his marriage with �le Viconte de Rohan Conte de Porhoet...[une de ses] trois damoiselles...filles de lui et de feu...Dame Marguerite de Bretaigne sa femme...demoiselle Jehanne aisn�e fille� by charter dated 22 Oct 1432[1348].� The delay in completing negotiations was presumably due to his continued detention in England, and ended with his marriage to another of the vicomte�s daughters.� �Jehan conte d�Angoulesme seigneur Despinay et Romorantin� promised marriage to �nostre...cousin Alain vicomte de Rohan...Marguerit sa fille�, dated 30 Jul 1446, and acknowledged receipt of the first payment of the dowry dated 10 Aug 1446 [to pay his ransom][1349].� Another marriage contract between �Alain Vicomte de Rohan, Comte de Porhoet et Seigneur de Leon...Damoiselle Marguerite de Rohan fille du dit Vicomte et de feu dame Marguerite de Bretaigne s�ur germaine du feu Duc de Bret.� and �Jehan Comte d�Angoul�me� is dated 31 Aug 1449[1350].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Jean's mistress is not known.�

Comte Jean & his wife had three children:

1. LOUIS d'Orl�ans ([1450]-Ch�teau de Bouteville-en-Ango�mois 1453).� P�re Anselme records the death �au ch�teau de Bouteville en Angoumois � l��ge de trois ans� of Louis, oldest son of Jean Comte d�Angoul�me, without citing the primary source which confirms this information[1351].�

2. CHARLES d'Orl�ans (1459-Ch�teauneuf-en-Ango�mois, Charente 1 Jan 1496, bur Angoul�me Cath�drale Saint-Pierre).� Seigneur d�Epernay et de Romorantin.� Comte d'Angoul�me et de P�rigord.� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the death 1 Jan 1496 of �mon mari�[1352].� Betrothed (31 Dec 1481) to CHARLOTTE de Nevers, daughter of JEAN de Nevers Comte de Rethel [Bourgogne-Valois] & his second wife Pauline de Brosse-Bretagne ([1472]-Ch�teau de Meillan-en-Berry 23 Aug 1500, bur Ch�teau de Meillan-en-Berry).� The marriage contract between �Charles comte d�Angoul�me, sgr d�Epernay et de Romorantin� and �Charlotte fille du comte de Nevers� is dated 31 Dec 1481[1353].� m (contract Paris 16 Feb 1488) LOUISE de Savoie, daughter of PHILIPPE de Savoie Comte de Baug� [later PHILIPPE I Duke of Savoy] & his first wife Marguerite de Bourbon (Ch�teau de Pont d'Ain, Ain 11 Sep 1476-manoir de Grez-sur-Loing, G�tinais, Seine-et-Marne 22 Sep 1531, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records her own birth �au Pont-d�Ain� 11 Sep 1476[1354].� After the accession of her son, she used the title "Madame".� She was created Dss de Bourbon for life by her son 30 Jun 1528 (registered 11 Aug), after the death of Charles III Duc de Bourbon in 1527.� After her death, the king declared her assets united with the crown Jan 1532, representing the final stage in the disputed inheritance of the duchy of Bourbon which had lasted for nearly 50 years.� Mistress (1): ANTOINETTE de Polignac Dame de Combronde, wife of JEAN de Polignac, daughter of ---.� P�re Anselme names �Antoinette dite Jeanne de Polignac dame de Combronde� as mother of Charles�s two illegitimate daughters named below, without citing the primary source which confirms this information[1355].� Kerrebrouck names her husband �Jean de Polignac�, but cites no primary source either[1356].� Dame d�Honneur of Louise de Savoie Dss d'Angoul�me.� Mistress (2): JEANNE Conte, daughter of ---.� P�re Anselme records that �Jeanne Conte� is named as mother of Charles�s daughter Souveraine in the latter�s letters of legitimation dated May 1521[1357].� Comte Charles & his wife had two children:

a) MARGUERITE d'Orl�ans (Ch�teau d'Angoul�me, Charente 11 Apr 1492-Ch�teau d'Odos en Bigorre, near Tarbes 21 Dec 1549, bur Lescar).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 11 Apr 1492 of �ma fille Margueritte�[1358].� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the betrothal at Blois 9 Oct 1509 of �monsieur d�Alenson� and �ma fille Marguerite�[1359].� Dss de Berry 11 Oct 1517, registered 4 Feb 1518.� The marriage contract between �Henry�roy de Navarre�� and �madame Marguerite de France, seur unique du Roy, duchesse d�Alen�on et de Berry�� is dated 3 Jan 1526 (O.S.)[1360].� She was the author of several surviving literary works [1361].� m firstly (contract Blois, Loir-et-Cher 9 Oct 1509, Ch�teau de Blois 2 Dec 1509) CHARLES [IV] Duc d'Alen�on, son of RENE Duc d'Alen�on & his [second] wife Marguerite de Lorraine (Alen�on 2 Sep 1489-Lyon 11 Apr 1525, Notre-Dame, Alen�on).� m secondly (contract 3 Jan 1527, Saint-Germain-en-Laye 24 Jan 1527) ENRIQUE II titular King of Navarre, son of JEAN d'Albret King of Navarre & his wife Catalina Queen of Navarre [Foix] (Sang�esa, Navarre 25/26 Apr 1503-Hagetmau en B�arn, Landes 29 May 1555, bur Lescar Cathedral).�

b) FRAN�OIS d'Orl�ans (Ch�teau de Cognac 12 Sep 1494-Ch�teau de Rambouillet 31 Mar 1547, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 12 Sep 1494 of �Fran�ois...roi de France�[1362].� He succeeded his father in 1496 as Comte d'Angoul�me.� Installed as Duc de Valois Feb 1498.� Heir presumptive at court from 1501, called "Monseigneur".� He succeeded in 1515 as FRAN�OIS I King of France.�

-�� see below.

Comte Charles had two illegitimate daughters by Mistress (1):�

c) JEANNE b�tarde d'Angoul�me (-after 1531/1538).� Legitimated at Lyon Aug 1501[1363].� Ctss de Bar-sur-Seine 24 Mar 1522, registered 2 May 1522.� m firstly (Aug 1501) JEAN Aubin Seigneur de Malicorne et de Surg�res, son of JEAN Aubin Seigneur de Malicorne & his wife Louise de Clermont.� m secondly JEAN de Longwy Seigneur de Givry et de Fontaine-Fran�aise, Baron de Pagny et de Mirebeau en Bourgogne, son of PHILIPPE de Longwy Seigneur de Pagny, de Givry et de Longepierre & his wife Jeanne de Bauffremont Dame de Mirebeau (-[1520/21]).��

d) MADELEINE b�tarde d'Angoul�me ([1575/76]-Abbaye de Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire 26 Oct 1543, bur Abbaye de Fontevrault).� She became a nun at the Abbaye de Notre-Dame de Saintes.� Prioress of Pont-l'Abb� en Saintonge 1495.� Abbess of Hautes-Bruy�res, Chartres.� Abbess of Saint-Eusony, Angoul�me 1496.� Abbess of Faremoutiers 1511.� Abbess of Jouarre 1515.� Living at Fontevrault 1517-1522.��

Comte Charles had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (2):

e) SOUVERAINE b�tarde d'Angoul�me (-23 Feb 1551, bur Chilly-Mazarin, Saint-Etienne, Essonne).� Legitimated at Dijon May 1521[1364].� m (contract Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 10 Feb 1512) MICHEL [III] de Gaillard Seigneur de Chilly, de Longjumeau et du Fayet, son of MICHEL [II] de Gaillard Seigneur de Chilly, de Longjumeau et du Fayet & his wife Marguerite Bourdin (-4 Jul 1535, bur Chilly-Mazarin, Saint-Etienne, Essonne).�

3. JEANNE d'Orl�ans (1462-1520).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that the king her son �fit son entr�e � Cognac� 14 Jan 1514 and that �ma fille Marguerite et ma s�ur de Taillebourg, � pr�sent duchesse de Valois� accompanied him[1365].� Created Dss de Valois at Blois 28 Dec 1516, registered 9 Feb 1517[1366].� m ([1480]) CHARLES de Co�tivy Comte de Taillebourg, son of OLIVIER de Co�tivy Seigneur de Co�tivy et de Taillebourg & his wife Marie b�tarde de France (-after 12 Nov 1500).��

Comte Jean had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):�

4. JEAN b�tard d'Angoul�me (-after Jun 1458).� P�re Anselme notes that �le 4. compte de Robert Baffart� records that �Jean batard d�Angoul�me� was legitimated by letters of King Charles VII dated at Beaugency in Jun 1458[1367].� No indication has been found of his age at the time.�

FRAN�OIS d'Orl�ans, son of CHARLES d'Orl�ans Comte d'Angoul�me et de P�rigord & his wife Louise de Savoie (Ch�teau de Cognac 12 Sep 1494-Ch�teau de Rambouillet 31 Mar 1547, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 12 Sep 1494 of �Fran�ois...roi de France�[1368].� He succeeded his father in 1496 as Comte d'Angoul�me.� Installed as Duc de Valois Feb 1498.� Heir presumptive at court from 1501, called "Monseigneur".� King Louis XII declared him Duc de Bretagne 18 Nov 1514.� He succeeded in 1515 as FRAN�OIS I King of France, consecrated at Notre-Dame de Reims 25 Jan 1515.� Claiming the Duchy of Milan through his great grandmother Valentina Visconti, he headed a large army to enforce his claim, defeated the Swiss at Marignano 13 Sep 1515 after which Lombardy submitted to him.� Under the Treaty of Viterbo 13 Oct 1515, Pope Leo X ceded Parma and Piacenza to him.� He concluded the concordat of Bologna with the Pope 18 Aug 1516.� He entered Rennes formally 9 Oct 1518 as sovereign of Brittany.� He conquered Navarre 1521, but lost it soon thereafter.� He lost Milan 17 Nov 1521, but retook it 20 Oct 1524, laid siege to Pavia but was captured 24 Feb 1525 and taken to Spain.� While in prison in Madrid, he purported to abdicate in favour of his son Fran�ois Dauphin de Viennois Nov 1525, aiming to reduce the bargaining power of his captor Emperor Karl V, but this was not acted upon in France.� He was freed 13 Mar 1526, under the terms of the Treaty of Madrid 14 Jan 1526.� He signed the Peace of Cambrai 3 Aug 1528.� The treaty of union between Brittany and France was signed at Plessis-Mac� 3 Sep 1532.� In 1536, he conquered the territory of the Duke of Savoy, who had refused him passage to Italy.�

m firstly (contract Ch�teau de Montils-l�s-Tours 22 May 1507, Ch�teau de Saint Germain-en-Laye 18 May 1514) CLAUDE de France, daughter of LOUIS XII King of France & his second wife Anne Dss de Bretagne (Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher or Romorantin 13 Oct 1499-Ch�teau de Blois 20 Jul 1524, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Romorantin 13 Oct 1499 of �ma fille Claude conjoincte � mon fils par mariage�[1369].� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records that the marriage of �mon fils et madame Claude, � pr�sent reine de France� was confirmed 22 May 1507 �au Plessis, � Tours�[1370].� Her father installed her as Dss de Bretagne at Beauvais 27 Oct 1514, in succession to her mother.� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the marriage 18 May 1514 at Saint Germain-en-Laye of �mon fils�[1371].� Consecrated Queen of France 10 May 1517 at Saint-Denis.�

m secondly (by proxy Torrelaguna, Castile 20 Mar 1530, in person Abbaye de Saint-Laurent de Beyries, near Villeneuve-de-Marsan, Landes 7 Aug 1530) as her second husband, ELEONORE Archduchess of Austria, widow of MANOEL I King of Portugal, daughter of PHILIPP Archduke of Austria [FELIPE I King of Spain] & his wife do�a Juana "la Loca" Queen of Castile (Brussels, Palais de Coudenberg 14 Nov 1498-Talavera de la Reina, near Badajoz 17 Feb 1558, bur L�rida, transferred 1573 to Escorial).� Consecrated Queen of France 5 Mar 1531 at Saint-Denis.� Her stepson Henri II King of France created her Dss de Touraine, Ctss de Poitou et de Civray, Dame de Quercy, Agenais, Villefranche and Rouergue at Saint-Germain-en-Laye 8 Jul 1547.� She retired to Flanders to the court of her brother Emperor Karl V in 1548, and went with him to Spain in 1555.�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Fran�ois�s first mistress is not known.� P�re Anselme names �un b�tard nomm� Villecouvin� and says that his mother was �une grande dame�[1372].�

[Mistress (2): JACQUETTE de Lanssac, wife of ALEXANDRE de Saint-Gelais Seigneur de Cornefou, Romefort et Breuil-sur-Loup, daughter of --- (-Bourg near Bordeaux 20 Jun 1522).� Kerrebrouck names her as the mother of Louis de Saint-Gelais but, as noted below, comments that �la chose para�t sans beaucoup de preuve� in relation to the allegation that her son was the illegitimate son of King Fran�ois I[1373].� She married secondly, as his second wife, Jacques de Pons Baron de Mirambeau.]�

King Fran�ois I & his first wife had seven children:

1. LOUISE de France (Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 19 Aug 1515-Ch�teau d'Amboise 21 Sep 1518, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth at Amboise 19 Aug 1515 of �madame Louyse fille aisn�e de mon fils�[1374].�

2. CHARLOTTE de France (Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 23 Oct 1516-Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 8 Sep 1524, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 23 Oct 1516 at Amboise of �Charlotte fille de mon fils�[1375].�

3. FRAN�OIS de France (Ch�teau d'Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 28 Feb 1518-Ch�teau de Tournon, Ard�che 10 Aug 1536, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 28 Feb 1518 at Amboise of �Fran�ois fils de mon fils, daulphin de Viennois�[1376].� Dauphin de Viennois from birth.� His father purported to abdicate in his favour Nov 1525 while in prison in Madrid, but this was not acted upon in France.� To procure his father's release from prison in Madrid, he was exchanged for his father, together with his younger brother Henri, arriving in Spain 17 Mar 1526 and remaining until 1 Jul 1530.� He succeeded his mother in 1524 as Fran�ois III[1377] Duke of Brittany, his entry at Rennes was delayed until 13 Aug 1532 because of his imprisonment in Spain.� He was consecrated the next day in the Cath�drale Saint-Pierre.� Betrothed (contract 2 and 4 Oct 1518, marriage by proxy Greenwich 5 Oct 1518) to MARY Pss of England, daughter of HENRY VIII King of England & his first wife Infanta do�a Catalina de Arag�n (Greenwich Palace 18 Feb 1516-St James�s Palace, London 17 Nov 1558, bur Westminster Abbey).� She succeeded in 1553 as MARY I Queen of England.�

4. HENRI de France (Ch�teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 31 Mar 1519-H�tel des Tournelles, Paris 10 Jul 1559, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth �le jour de la mi-caresme...� Saint-Germain-en-Laye� 1519 of �Henri second fils de mon fils�[1378].� Duc d'Orl�ans from birth.� He succeeded his father in 1547 as HENRI II King of France.� ��

-�� see below.�

5. MADELEINE de France (Ch�teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 10 Aug 1520-Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh 2 Jul 1537, bur Edinburgh, Holyrood Abbey).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth �en aoust 1520 le jour Saint Laurent...� Saint-Germain-en-Laye� of �Magdelaine troisi�me fille du Roy mon fils�[1379].� m (contract Ch�teau de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 26 Nov 1536, Notre-Dame de Paris 1 Jan 1537) as his first wife, JAMES V King of Scotland, son of JAMES IV King of Scotland & his wife Margaret Tudor (Linlithgow Palace, Fife 15 Apr 1512-Falkland Castle 14 Dec 1542).

6. CHARLES de France (Ch�teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 22 Jan 1522-Abbaye de Forest-Montiers near Abbeville, Somme 9 Sep 1545, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth 22 Jan 1522 �� Saint-Germain-en-Laye� of �Charles III fils de mon fils�[1380].� Duc d'Angoul�me.� Created Duc de Ch�tellerault at Ch�teau de La F�re sur Oise 27 Aug 1527, confirmed at Fontainebleau 12 Jun 1540.� Chambrier de France 26 Sep 1537.� Duc d'Orl�ans at Fontainebleau 12 Jun 1540.� Created Duc de Bourbon at Fontainebleau 5 Feb 1543.� The King his father gave him the command of the army for the successful campaign to capture Luxembourg from Emperor Karl V in 1542.� Betrothed (Peace Treaty of Cr�py en Laonnais 18 Sep 1544) to Infanta do�a MAR�A of Spain Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor KARL V [CARLOS I King of Spain], Archduke of Austria & his wife Infanta dona Isabel de Portugal (Madrid, Royal Alcazar 21 Jun 1528-Madrid 26 Feb 1603, bur Madrid, Nuestra Se�ora de la Consolaci�n).�

7. MARGUERITE de France (Ch�teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 5 Jun 1523-Turin 14 Sep 1574, bur Turin, Cathedral San Giovanni).� Created Dss de Berry 29 Apr 1550.� m (contract H�tel de Tournelles, Paris 27 Jun 1559, Paris, �glise Saint-Paul 9 Jul 1559) EMMANUEL PHILIBERT Duke of Savoy, son of CHARLES III Duke of Savoy & his wife Infanta dona Maria Brites de Portugal (Chamb�ry 8 Jul 1528-Turin 30 Aug 1580).��

King Fran�ois I had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):��

8. NICOLAS d'Estouteville (-Constantinople 1567).� P�re Anselme names �un b�tard nomm� Villecouvin� and says that his mother was �une grande dame�, adding that he died in Constantinople[1381].� Kerrebrouck calls him �Nicolas d�Estouteville seigneur de Villecouvin� but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1382].� Seigneur de Villecouvin.�

King Fran�ois I had one possible illegitimate son by Mistress (2):��

9. [LOUIS de Saint-Gelais (Cornefou, near Cognac 1513-Ch�teau de Pr�cy-sur-Oise Oct 1589, bur Ch�teau de Pr�cy-sur-Oise).� Kerrebrouck cites two early 20th century secondary sources which indicate that Louis de Saint-Gelais was the illegitimate son of King Fran�ois I, but comments that �la chose para�t sans beaucoup de preuve�, and provides details of his career[1383].� Captain of the town and castle of Bourg.� Counsellor in the Private Council of Fran�ois II King of France 16 Jul 1559.� Baron de La Mothe-Saint-H�ray 25 Feb 1576.]� m firstly (before 1541) JEANNE de la Roche-Landry, daughter of PHILIPPE Baron de la Roche-Landry & his wife Jeanne de Beaumont (-1563).� m secondly (8 Oct 1565) as her third husband, GABRIELLE de Rochechouart, widow firstly of FRAN�OIS de Goulaines Seigneur de Martign�-Briand, and secondly of FRAN�OIS de Volvire Baron de Ruffec [Governor of Angoumois], daughter of FRAN�OIS de Rochechouart Baron de Mortemart & his wife ---.� Louis�s descendants became extinct in the male line in the third generation in 1636[1384].]�

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not been identified, unless otherwise specified below.�

HENRI de France, son of FRAN�OIS I King of France & his first wife Claude de France (Ch�teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 31 Mar 1519-H�tel des Tournelles, Paris 10 Jul 1559, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� The Journal de Louise de Savoie records the birth �le jour de la mi-caresme...� Saint-Germain-en-Laye� 1519 of �Henri second fils de mon fils�