SAXONY DUKES

 

 

SAXONY, dukes & electors

  v4.4 Updated 26 July 2022

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

INTRODUCTION. 2

Chapter 1.��������������� EARLY SAXON LEADERS, family of WIDUKIND. 5

Chapter 2.��������������� EARLY SAXON LEADERS, family of LIUDOLF, later KINGS of GERMANY. 17

Chapter 3.��������������� EARLY SAXON LEADERS, family of BILLUNG, later DUKES of SAXONY. 25

A.�������� ORIGINS.. 25

B.�������� DUKES in SAXONY 973-1106. 40

Chapter 4.��������������� DUKE of SAXONY 1106-1137, S�PPLINGENBURG. 47

Chapter 5.��������������� DUKES of SAXONY 1137-1138, 1142-1180, WELF. 49

Chapter 6.��������������� PFALZGRAFEN von SACHSEN 966-1130. 59

A.�������� PFALZGRAFEN [in SACHSEN] 966-1047. 59

B.�������� PFALZGRAFEN von SACHSEN (von GOSECK, von PUTELENDORF) 62

C.������� PFALGRAFEN von SACHSEN (von SOMMERSCHENBURG) 63

Chapter 7.� DUKES of SAXONY, BALLENSTEDT. 65

A.�������� DUKES of SAXONY 1180-1423, ELECTORS of SAXONY [1356]-1423. 65

B.�������� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN in LAUENBURG, RATZEBURG und BERGEDORF 1260-1689. 77

Chapter 8.��������������� ELECTORS of SAXONY (WETTIN) 91

A.�������� ELECTORS of SAXONY 1423-1806. 91

B.�������� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-WEISSENFELS.. 106

C.������� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-MERSEBURG.. 109

D.������� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-ZEITZ. 111

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

 

Saxony was one of the original tribal provinces of Germany, the others being Bavaria, Franconia and Swabia.� From early medieval times, the term "Saxony" was applied exclusively to the land in north-west Germany which is now known as "Niedersachsen" (Lower Saxony).� From the 15th century onwards, it came to describe the part of central Germany which lay east of Thuringia, the area which later evolved into the kingdom of Saxony.� This unusual change in geographical emphasis can be traced to the appointment in 1423 of the head of the Wettin family as elector of Saxony, the Wettin family's territorial strongholds lying far from the traditional Saxon heartland.� The southern part of the original Saxony was Westphalia, although the duchy of Westphalia existed only briefly as a political entity in 1180 before the title was transferred to the archbishop of K�ln[1].� The northern part of Saxony developed into Hannover, which was later incorporated into the territories of the dukes of Brunswick.�

 

The Saxons probably originated in what is now Schleswig-Holstein, migrating southwards from the 3rd century onwards.� Their expansion included the invasion and colonisation of England.� Their homeland in northern Germany was conquered neither by the Romans nor the barbarians who migrated into western Europe during the 4th and 5th centuries, presumably because its barrenness presented few attractions to potential invaders.� This insulation from outside influences may partly explain the decentralised way in which Saxony developed, in contrast to the more centralised administration which evolved in the other German provinces, particularly Bavaria.� By the early 8th century, Saxon territory extended from the northern coast around Kiel to the southern edge of the north German plain, and was bounded by the river Elbe to the east and the land of the Frisians to the west.� The Saxons paid tribute to the Merovingian Frankish kings at the rate of 400 cows a year until 631[2].� The Franks protected their northern borders with raids on Saxony recorded in 718, 738, 748 and 758, after the last of which a tribute of 300 horses was imposed[3].� Frankish campaigns against Saxony intensified in 772, followed by a mass execution of Saxons at Verden in 782 and the surrender of the Saxon leader Widukind in 785[4].� The Annalista Saxo records that Charles I King of the Franks (later Emperor Charlemagne) established the bishoprics of Bremen, Halberstadt, Hildesheim, Verden, Paderborn, Minden, M�nster and Osnabr�ck in Saxony in 781[5].� Saxon resistance persisted but peace was established in 803, involving full integration of the territory into the Frankish empire[6].� After the partition of the Carolingian territories under the 843 Treaty of Verdun, Saxony formed part of the kingdom of the East Franks, which evolved into the kingdom of Germany.� Although significant central cohesion was achieved in Germany by the Ottonian emperors in the 10th century, Saxony maintained a considerable amount of autonomy.�

 

Early Saxon leadership probably constituted no more than a loose confederation of village chiefs, the extent of their cohesion at any one time depending on the level of threat from outside forces.� No precise information has been found on pre-Frankish conquest Saxon government.� Widukind, named both in Frankish sources and later German chronicles as Saxon leader in the later decades of the 8th century, may owe his reputed leadership position more to his subsequent almost legendary status rather than contemporary reality.� It is probable that he was the most powerful of the local chieftains but that he was "first among equals" rather than acknowledged ruler.� It is clear that Saxony had no long tradition of central leadership in contrast, for example, to the kingdom of Bavaria, although the descendants of Widukind appear to have been the first Saxon noble family to acquired semi-leadership status (see Chapter 1).� The situation did not change after the integration of Saxony into the Carolingian Frankish empire.� Imperial diplomas and other contemporary sources name numerous counts in Saxony during the first 150 years of Frankish rule, but none is acknowledged as leader prior to the Annales Alamannicorum which name "Ludolfus dux Saxoni� avus Heinrici" among those who swore allegiance in 864[7].� This collegiate form of government in Saxony appears to be corroborated by the list recorded in Einhard's Annals of the Frankish signatories of the 811 peace with the Danes[8], in which at least five of the eleven names are recognisably Saxon but none is stated to be Saxon leader[9].�

 

The Frankish local territorial administration unit, the pagus, was presumably introduced into Saxony only after a certain degree of internal stability was achieved after the 803 peace.� The "-gau" suffix, applied to the names of local administrative units, appears in imperial diplomas from the mid-9th century.� It is unlikely that this was a purely Saxon term as it is used in relation to pagi located in all the original German provinces.� The Carolingian Frankish kings also added levels of ecclesiastical administration.� Emperor Louis "the Pious" created the new bishoprics of Hildesheim and Halberstadt, whose territories were divided between the archiepiscopal provinces of K�ln and Mainz, and founded the Saxon-based monastic communities at Essen, Herford and Corvey.�

 

During the mid-9th century, the Liudolfinger family replaced the Widukind family as the most powerful Saxon noble family (see Chapter 2), although the extent of their leadership status and their exact legal relationship with the German king are unclear.� Several early sources refer to Liudolf as dux, but there is no record of his formal appointment as Saxon leader.� Nevertheless, Ludolf's son Otto "der Erlauchte" was powerful enough to be a credible candidate for the royal succession after the extinction of the Carolingian dynasty in 911, and his own son Heinrich was elected king of Germany in 919.� His descendants are known to history as the "Saxon dynasty" of German king/emperors, in reference to their origin but not to the family's previous status as acknowledged dukes of Saxony.�

 

The third power force to emerge chronologically in Saxony was the family of Hermann Billung (see Chapter 3), who was appointed military chief in Saxony by Emperor Otto I and referred to as dux from 965.� The ducal title attributed to the Billung dukes was at first not linked specifically with the territory of Saxony in contemporary documentation, maybe because of the largely military authority of the title-holder and the focus of his efforts on protecting the eastern frontier against the Slavs.� From the late 10th century onwards, contemporary sources name a single "dux" in Saxony at any one time.� Nevertheless, it is more appropriate to refer to Duke Hermann and his immediate successors as dukes "in Saxony" rather than "of Saxony".� The title "Duke of Saxony" or "Duke of the Saxons" is first noted in documentation from the early 11th century.�

 

The choice of Lothar von S�pplingenburg to succeed as duke of Saxony after the extinction of the Billung family in the male line in 1106 marked a turning point in Saxon history (see Chapter 4).� Although his appointment was designed to limit the growing influence of the two more obvious candidates, Heinrich "der Schwarze" of the Welf dynasty and Otto Graf von Ballenstedt of the Askanian dynasty, both sons-in-law of the last Billung Duke Magnus, Lothar created a powerful new force in Saxon politics.� He was fortunate in expanding his own territorial holdings through inheritance.� He also extended ducal authority into the northern frontier area of Nordalbingia and brought under his control the western part of the duchy.� He created many new countships, directly responsible to him.� Within a few years, Duke Lothar had effectively transformed himself into the head of a Saxon nation, breaking imperial power in Saxony with his defeat of the imperial army at Welfesholz near Mansfeld in 1115.� He further demonstrated his autonomy from imperial control in 1123 when he conferred the Markgrafschaft of Lausitz on Albrecht "der B�r" Graf von Ballenstedt and the Markgrafschaft of Meissen on Konrad von Wettin.� By 1125, Duke Lothar had risen to such prominence that he was elected king of Germany after the death of Emperor Heinrich V.�

 

After his accession to the German throne, Lothar retained the duchy of Saxony in his own hands.� He pursued the policy of creating new countships, including W�ltingerode, Wernigerode, Scharzfels, Ilfeld-Honstein, and perhaps Rothenburg.� This further complicated the political scene in Saxony as these new creations were by definition imperial not ducal fiefs.� The result was that later dukes were never the sole imperial fiefholders in the province, although the personal territorial holding in Saxony of each successive duke was significant.� The rivalry between the duke and the other Saxon nobility intensified after the installation of the Welf Heinrich "der L�we" as duke in 1139 (see Chapter 5), aggravated by his acquisition of numerous additional territories by inheritance or aggression.� The power struggle culminated in the 1166/1170 rebellion of princes who considered their positions threatened by Duke Heinrich's expansionism.�

 

The Ballenstedt family finally succeeded as dukes of Saxony in 1180, after Duke Heinrich "der L�we" was deposed (see Chapter 7).� The Saxon ruler's role as one of the seven electors of the Empire was irrevocably confirmed in 1356 by the Golden Bull of Emperor Karl IV, which also decreed that the Duke of Saxony should be imperial administrator of the territory subject to Saxon law in the absence of the Emperor[10].� After the death in 1422 of Elector Albrecht IV, last descendant in the male line of the Ballenstedt dynasty, Emperor Sigmund appointed Friedrich IV "der Streitbare" Markgraf von Meissen and Landgraf of Thuringia as duke of Saxony (see Chapter 8).� His descendants continued to rule Saxony until after the First World War.�

 

The dukes of Saxony and their ancestors are set out in this document.� A collection of early Saxon counts is shown in GERMANY, EARLY NOBILITY.� For the families of later counts and other lesser nobility in Saxony, see SAXONY NOBILITY.� In addition, the families of the counts and princes of ANHALT, dukes of BRUNSWICK, counts of HOLSTEIN and counts of OLDENBURG, all nobility whose territories developed within the original Saxon heartland, are set out in their respective documents.�

 

 

 

 

Chapter 1.��� EARLY SAXON LEADERS, family of WIDUKIND

 

 

The relationship between the following individual Saxon chiefs and small family groups cannot be established.� However, the repeated use of names, in particular Theoderich and Widukind, over the course of two centuries suggests a close family connection, although this may have been through either the male or female line.� As noted in the Introduction to the present document, the family of Widukind constituted one of the three main power sources in Saxony until well into the 11th century.�

 

 

1.         HADUGATO (-after [531]).� Adam of Bremen names "Hadugato" as the duke of the Saxons to whom "Theodericus rex Francorum" sent legates[11], undated but recorded immediately after the Thuringian invasion of Theoderic I King of the Franks which is dated to 531.�

 

 

1.         THEODERIC (-after 743).� Einhard records that "Karlomannus" was in Saxony at "castrum Hohseoburg" and there accepted the surrender of "Theodericum Saxonem illius loci primarium" in 743[12].� Theoderic was captured again in 744 when Carloman invaded Saxony with his brother Pepin[13].� Pepin King of the Franks invaded Saxony once more in 758, captured Sythen and required an annual tribute of 300 horses from the Saxons[14].�

 

2.         WIDUKIND (-7 Jan 810).� The Royal Frankish Annals record that Widukind rebelled against the authority of Charles I King of the Franks, who had invaded and subdued Saxony, and fled to Denmark ["Nordmannia"] in 777[15].� The Annales Laurissenses state that "Widochindis rebellis" was the only Saxon who did not submit to the Franks in 777[16].� Widukind incited another revolt in 778 while King Charles was campaigning in Spain, but was defeated near Leisa on the river Eder[17].� The Annales Laurissenses record that Charles I King of the Franks sent his missus "Amelwinum" to besiege "Widochindum et Abbionem" in 785, that they surrendered and were baptised at "Attiniacum villa"[18].� Adam of Bremen records that "Widichind" surrendered and accepted baptism in 785[19].� m ([775]) GEVA, sister of SIGURD first "King of Haithabu", daughter of --- ([755]-).� This marriage is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[20] in the outline genealogy of a family referred to as "Kings of Haithabu", doubts about which are discussed in chapter 1 of the document DENMARK KINGS.� The primary source on which it is based has not been identified.� Widukind & his wife had one child:�

a)         WICHBERT (-after 25 Dec 834).� "Wibreht" is named as son of Widukind in the Translatio Sancti Alexandri[21].� The Historia Angariensis records that �Wigbertus filius Witikindi� built �ecclesiam apud Waltingohusen�, with the support of �coniuge Godrada�, dated 823[22].� �Wibrathti...ac filius eius Waldbertus� donated property to Utrecht St Marten by charter dated 25 Dec 834[23].� m ODRAD [Godrada], daughter of ---.� She is named with her husband in the charter dated 17 Oct 872 under which [her son] �Waltbertus comes...et coniux mea Altburg� built Wildeshausen church, for the souls of �genitoris genitricisque mee...Wiberti et Odrad[24].� The Historia Angariensis records that �Wigbertus filius Witikindi� built �ecclesiam apud Waltingohusen�, with the support of �coniuge Godrada�, dated 823[25].� Wigbert & his wife had one child:�

i)          WALTBERT (-876, bur Wildeshausen).� �Wibrathti...ac filius eius Waldbertus� donated property to Utrecht St Marten by charter dated 25 Dec 834[26].� Ekkehard names "Waltbertum" as the son of "Wigbertus"[27].� He is presumably the same Waltbert whose county is referred to in the charter dated 25 Apr 859 under which Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks donated property "quas Folcheri fidelis noster actemus in beneficium tenuit in ducatu Uuestfalorum, coniacentes in pagis Grainga et Threcuuiti nec non in comitatibus Burchardi, Uualtberti, et Albrici atque Letti" to Kloster Herford[28].� He and his wife founded Kloster Wildeshausen.� "Ludowicus�rex" granted protection and privileges to Kloster Wildeshausen founded by "Waldbrecht comes�suique filii Wicberti" by charter dated 20 Oct [871][29].� �Waltbertus comes...et coniux mea Altburg� built Wildeshausen church, for the souls of �genitoris genitricisque mee...Wiberti et Odrad�, and donated property for the benefit of �filius meus primogenitus Wibertus...clericatus officio� and �filius fratris sui...sororis�, by charter dated 17 Oct 872[30].� The Historia Angariensis records that �Walbertus filius Wigberti et Godrade, cum conthorali Altburge� confirmed �ecclesiam...apud Waltingohusen�, with the support of �coniuge Godrada�, dated 872[31].� The Historia Angariensis records that �Walbertus� died in 876 and was buried �in eclesia Waltingohusen[32].� m ALDBURG, daughter of --- (-880).� �Waltbertus comes...et coniux mea Altburg� built Wildeshausen church, for the souls of �genitoris genitricisque mee...Wiberti et Odrad�, and donated property for the benefit of �filius meus primogenitus Wibertus...clericatus officio�, by charter dated 17 Oct 872[33].� The Historia Angariensis records that �Walbertus filius Wigberti et Godrade, cum conthorali Altburge� confirmed �ecclesiam...apud Waltingohusen�, with the support of �coniuge Godrada�, dated 872[34].� The Historia Angariensis records that �Altburgis� died in 880[35].� Waltbert & his wife had four children:�

(a)       WICHBERT (-[908]).� "Ludowicus�rex" granted protection and privileges to Kloster Wildeshausen founded by "Waldbrecht comes�suique filii Wicberti" by charter dated 20 Oct [871][36]. ��Waltbertus comes...et coniux mea Altburg� built Wildeshausen church, for the souls of �genitoris genitricisque mee...Wiberti et Odrad�, and donated property for the benefit of �filius meus primogenitus Wibertus...clericatus officio� and �filius fratris sui...sororis�, by charter dated 17 Oct 872[37].� Bishop of Verden 874-[908].�

(b)       son .� m ---.� One child:�

(1)       son .� �Waltbertus comes...et coniux mea Altburg� built Wildeshausen church, for the souls of �genitoris genitricisque mee...Wiberti et Odrad�, and donated property for the benefit of �filius meus primogenitus Wibertus...clericatus officio� and �filius fratris sui...sororis�, by charter dated 17 Oct 872[38].�

(c)       ELIMAR (-after 882).� The Historia Angariensis records that �Elimarus Waltberti filius� built �castrum quod posteri vocant antiquum� dated 882[39].�

(d)       daughter .� �Waltbertus comes...et coniux mea Altburg� built Wildeshausen church, for the souls of �genitoris genitricisque mee...Wiberti et Odrad�, and donated property for the benefit of �filius meus primogenitus Wibertus...clericatus officio� and �filius fratris sui...sororis�, by charter dated 17 Oct 872[40].�

 

 

1.         ABO [Abbi] (-after 811).� The Annales Laurissenses record that Charles I King of the Franks sent his missus "Amelwinum" to besiege "Widochindum et Abbionem" in 785, that they surrendered and were baptised at "Attiniacum villa"[41].� It is not known if Abo was related to Widukind but it is assumed that both had similar leadership status in Saxony.� Einhard's Annales record "Abo comes" as one of the signatories of peace with the Vikings in 811[42].�

 

 

1.         --- (-before 908).� The name of the husband of Mathilde is not known but, if the chronicler Widukind is to be believed, he was a descendant of Duke Widukind[43].� This appears corroborated by the transmission of the name Widukind to his grandson.� If this is correct, from a chronological point of view it is likely that he was the great-grandson of Widukind.� m MATHILDE, daughter of --- (-911 or after).� The mother of "Thietrici comitis" is named "abbatissa Mahthild" in the Vita Mathildis Regin�, which specifies that she was abbess at Herford[44].� According to Grote[45], she was recorded as abbess in 908 and 911 but the primary sources on which this is based have not so far been identified.� Mathilde & her husband had one child:�

a)         THEODERIC (-8 Nov 917[46]).� Widukind names "Thiadrici" as father of Queen Mathilde, specifying that the family was "stirpis magni ducis Widukindi"[47].� The father of Queen Mathilde is named "Thietricus" in the Vita Mathildis Regin�[48].� m REGINLIND [Reinhild], daughter of --- (-11 May ----).� The wife of Theoderich is named "Reinhildam, Danorum Fresonumque germine procreatam" in the Vita Mathildis Regin�[49].� According to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[50], she was Reinhild, daughter of Gotfrid the Dane & his wife Gisela [Carolingian], which is presumably a guess based on this description in the Vita Mathildis.� However, the chronology is not ideal.� Regino records the marriage in 882 of "Gisla filia Hlotharii" and "rex Godofridus Nordmannorum"[51].� If this couple's daughter was the mother of Queen Mathilde, the latter's estimated birth date (see below) would need to be pushed forward by several years, which makes the chronology for her known descendants tight.� A better fit may be Reginlind, [sister of Bovo Bishop of Chalons, daughter of ---].� The known sister of Bishop Bovo was Frederuna, wife of Charles III "le Simple" King of the Franks.� The hypothesis that there was another sister married to Theoderic would explain (1) the name Frederuna being transmitted to Regenhild's daughter, and (2) Berenger Bishop of Cambrai, recorded elsewhere as nepos of Queen Frederuna, being described as "�Ottonis imperatoris proxime consanguineus" in the Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium[52].� If this is correct, the reference to Reginlind being "Danorum Fresonumque germine procreatam" has not been explained.� A list of names in the Libri Confraternitatum Sancti Galli sets out (in order) "Thieterich, Reginhilt, *, Oto, Amalrat, Perectheid, Friderun, Pia", immediately after a list of family members of Heinrich I King of Germany and his wife, which no doubt refers to the latter's parents and sisters, "Oto" being the only person not so far identified[53].� The list is undated but was presumably written during the period [929/36] as King Heinrich's son-in-law Duke Giselbert is included (married in [928/29]) but not his son-in-law Hugues Duc des Francs (married in 937).� The necrology of Merseburg records the death "11 May" of "Reinhild mater regine Mahtildis"[54].� Theoderic & his wife had seven children:�

i)          WIDUKIND .� Widukind names (in order) "Widukind, Immed et Reginbern" as brothers of Queen Mathilde[55].�

ii)         IMMED [I] .� Widukind names (in order) "Widukind, Immed et Reginbern" as brothers of Queen Mathilde[56].�

iii)        REGINBERN .� Widukind names (in order) "Widukind, Immed et Reginbern" as brothers of Queen Mathilde, specifying that Reginbern fought against the Danes[57].�

iv)       MATHILDE ([896]-Quedlinburg 14 Mar 968, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche).� Widukind names "Mahthilda" as wife of King Heinrich, also naming her father and three brothers[58].� Thietmar names Mathilde as daughter of "Dietrich and Reinhild" when recording her marriage to Heinrich, and specifies that she was "a descendant of the lineage of King Widukind"[59].� Her alleged descent from Widukind is also referred to in the Vita Mahthildis[60].� Thietmar records that Quedlinburg was bestowed on Mathilde as part of her dower 16 Sep 929[61], and that she established the convent there thirty days after the death of her husband[62].� Lay Abbess of Nivelles.� The necrology of Fulda records the death "968 II Id Mar" of "Mahthild regina"[63].� m (Wallhausen 909) as his second wife, HEINRICH Graf, son of OTTO "der Erlauchte" Graf im S�dth�ringau & his wife Hedwig [Babenberg] ([876]-Memleben 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche).� He was elected as HEINRICH I "der Vogelsteller/the Fowler" King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919.�

v)        AMALRADA ([7 Sep] ----).� A list of names in the Libri Confraternitatum Sancti Galli sets out (in order) "Thieterich, Reginhilt, *, Oto, Amalrat, Perectheid, Friderun, Pia", immediately after a list of family members of Heinrich I King of Germany and his wife, which no doubt refers to the latter's parents and sisters[64].� The Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris names "Amelrada" as wife of "comite Everardo", sister of "Mathildis regin�fili� Thiadrici ducis", and she and her husband as parents of "Deodericum ex pago Saxoni� Hamalant"[65].� The necrology of Gorze records the death "VII Id Sep" of "Amarrada comitissa"[66].� m EBERHARD, son of [EBERHARD Graf im Keldachgau und im Bonngau [Ezzonen] & his wife ---] (-[3 Sep] before 964).� Graaf van Drenthe en Salland.�

vi)       FREDERUNA (-18 Jan 971).� Thietmar refers to "Counts Wichmann and Ekbert�brothers" as sons of Emperor Otto I's maternal aunt[67], but does not name their mother.� A list of names in the Libri Confraternitatum Sancti Galli sets out (in order) "Thieterich, Reginhilt, *, Oto, Amalrat, Perectheid, Friderun, Pia", immediately after a list of family members of Heinrich I King of Germany and his wife, which no doubt refers to the latter's parents and sisters[68].� It is also possible that the wife of Wichmann [II] was the sister Bia, unless she can be identified as the mother of Friedrich (see below).� The necrology of Fulda records the death "970 Id Jan" of "Fridarun comitissa [anc Christi]"[69], presumably showing that she became a nun before she died.� m WICHMANN [II], son of BILLUNG & his wife --- (-23 Apr 944).�

vii)      BIA [Pia] (-25 May ----)� A list of names in the Libri Confraternitatum Sancti Galli sets out (in order) "Thieterich, Reginhilt, *, Oto, Amalrat, Perectheid, Friderun, Pia", immediately after a list of family members of Heinrich I King of Germany and his wife, which no doubt refers to the latter's parents and sisters[70].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in Gereslevo�in pago Svevia in comitatu Crhistiani" on the request of "Friderici fidelis nostri" to "nobili matron�Bi� ipsius�matri" by charter dated 21 Oct 937, in consultation with "Burchardi, Ebarhardi, Chuonradi, Heinrici atque Utonis�comitum"[71], although it is not known whether this was the same Bia.� The necrology of Merseburg records the death "25 May" of "Bia soror regine Mahtildis"[72].� same person as�?BIA (-after 21 Oct 937).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in Gereslevo�in pago Svevia in comitatu Crhistani" to "nobili matron� Bia ipsius�matri" at the request of "Friderici fidelis nostri" by charter dated 21 Oct 937[73].� It is not certain that this refers to the same person as Bia, daughter of Theoderic, but this is likely to be the case.� No other noble lady of this name has been identified around the date of this charter, and "matrona" is the term usually applied to members of the high nobility.� The wording of the charter suggests that Bia's husband had died before the date of the grant.� m --- (-before 21 Oct 937).� The name of Bia's husband is not known.� Bia & her husband had one child:�

(a)       FRIEDRICH (-after 21 Oct 937).� "Otto�rex" granted property "in Gereslevo�in pago Svevia in comitatu Crhistani" to "nobili matron� Bia ipsius�matri" at the request of "Friderici fidelis nostri" by charter dated 21 Oct 937[74].�

 

 

1.         IMMED [II] (-killed in battle 954).� Immed [II] is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln as the possible father of Waldered and Immed [III][75].� His date of death (the source for which has not been identified) is consistent with his having been the same person as Immed, son of Theoderic and Reginlind (see above).� Widukind records that Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn (the supposed grandson of Immed [III], see below) was "paterno genere a Thiedrico Mathilde regin� fratre"[76].� It is possible that "Thiedrico" in this source is an error for "Immed", as this is the only reference to Queen Mathilde having a brother named Theoderich.� As will be seen below, it has not been possible to corroborate many of the dates relating to his supposed descendants, as shown in the same table in Europ�ische Stammtafeln, against primary sources.� �Ymmadus comes� donated property �in Lithingi, in pago ---� to Corvey monastery, witnessed by �Thuring comes, Amalung comes�[77].� m ---.� The name of Immed's wife is not known.� Immed [II] & his wife had [two possible children]:�

a)         [WALDERED .� [984].� m BERTHA, sister of BURKHARD Graf im Liesgau, daughter of ---.� [984].� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� Waldered & his wife had three children:�

i)          DIETRICH [Theoderich] (-[6 Mar] 995).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Pfalzgraf in Sachsen 992.� "Otto�rex" donated property "Vvalbisci in comitatu Karoli comitis" to Quedlinburg by charter dated 6 Jan 992, which names as present "Bernhardi ducis, Egberti comitis, Eggihardi marchionis, Herimanni palatini comitis, Huodonis marchionis, Deoderici palatini comitis eiusque fratris Sigeberti comitis, Herimanni comitis"[78].� Thietmar records the deaths of "the count Palatine Dietrich and his brother Siegbert" in the same year in which Heinrich II Duke of Bavaria died (995)[79].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "6 Mar" of "Thiedrich com"[80].� m FREDERUNA, daughter of ---.� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.� [971].� Dietrich & his wife had three children:�

(a)       SIEGBERT (-before 1017).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Graf in Ostfalen und Hessen.� "Otto�rex" gave property "burgwardium Bitrizi�in pago Morazani ac in ipsius comitatu" to "fideli nostro Sigiberto comiti" by charter dated 26 Oct 995[81].� "Henricus�rex" granted property "castellum�Munelburgus�in pago Astuala, quod olim Thiedericus palatinus comes posteaque filius eius Sirus habuerat" to Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim by charter dated 1013[82].�

(b)       DIETRICH .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Monk at Corvey.�

(c)       THIETBURG .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.�

ii)         SIEGBERT (-14 Oct 995).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Graf im Liesgau 990.� "Otto�rex" donated property "Vvalbisci in comitatu Karoli comitis" to Quedlinburg by charter dated 6 Jan 992, which names as present "Bernhardi ducis, Egberti comitis, Eggihardi marchionis, Herimanni palatini comitis, Huodonis marchionis, Deoderici palatini comitis eiusque fratris Sigeberti comitis, Herimanni comitis"[83].� "Otto�imperator augustus" gave judgment in a dispute between Werner Abbot of Fulda and Gozbert Abbot of Hersfeld, concerning ship travel along the H�rsel, by charter dated 30 Dec 979, which names "comites nostros Sigebertum, Sigefridum et Brunonem"[84].� Thietmar records the deaths of "the count Palatine Dietrich and his brother Siegbert" in the same year in which Heinrich II Duke of Bavaria died (995)[85].� m ---.� The name of Siegbert's wife is not known.� Graf Siegbert & his wife had three children:�

(a)       SIEGBERT .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Monk at Corvey [983].�

(b)       daughter .� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not so far been identified.� m LOTHAR-UDO [I] Graf von Stade, son of HEINRICH [I] "der Kahle" Graf von Stade & his wife Judith [Konradiner] ([950]-killed in battle Stade 23 Jun 994).�

(c)       [UNWAN (-17 or 26 Jan 1029).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen 1013.]�

iii)        GISELA .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.� [984].�

b)         [IMMED [III] (-27 Jan 983).� Widukind records that Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn was "paterno genere a Thiedrico Mathilde regin� fratre"[86].� Graf in Utrecht.� The necrologium Abdinhofense records the death "IV Kal Feb" of "Immeth comes pater Meinwerci episocopi"[87].� m as her first husband, ADELA, daughter of WICHMANN [V] Graaf van Hamaland & his wife Liutgard of Flanders (-22 Mar [1014/16]).� The Vita Meinwerci names "uxorem de terra Saxoni�, Athelam nomine" as wife of Immed[88].� Widukind records that Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn was "materno a Wichmanno, Herimanni ducis nepote, propinquo Ottonis I"[89].� Alpertus names "Adela sorori domn� Liutgard�", commenting that Adela was "clamosa in voce, lasciva in verbis, veste composite, animo dissoluta", the subsequent paragraph recording that, after her sister died, Adela took all her property which she had intended for the church before "vidua lasciva" married Baldric as her second husband[90].� She married secondly (before 996) Baldric Count in Drenthe.� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights and privileges of Kloster Elten naming "filiam Lutgardam�abbatissam [et] filia Adela�[et] Baldericus�maritus Adele" by charter dated 18 Dec 996[91].� The wife of "Baldericus" was the daughter of "Wicmanni, cuius maiores magnam partem Germani� et maxime circa littoral oceani imperia tenebant"[92].� Thietmar records that the wife of Baldric encouraged her husband to arrange for the murder of "Count Wichmann" in 1016[93].� She is named "Adel� uxoris Baldrici" in a later (undated) passage recording her death[94].� The work of Thiodericus names "Ida comitissa eius [=Baldricus] coniunx" ("Ida" presumably being an error for "Adela") and records her death "11 Kal Apr" without specifying the year[95].� Immed [III] & his wife had five children:�

i)          THEODERICH (-killed Upladen 7 Apr 1014).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam" as children of Immed and Athela, specifying that Theoderich succeeded his father, a later passage adding that he was killed "VII Id Apr Uplage urbe" on the orders of his mother[96].�

ii)         MEINWERK (-5/6 Jun 1036).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam" as children of Immed and Athela, specifying that Meinwerk was "in ecclesia beati Stephani protomartiris in civitate Halverstadensi ad clericatus est oblatus"[97].� Canon at Halberstadt.� Chaplain at the royal court and canon at St Maria, Aachen 1001/09.� Bishop of Paderborn 1009.�

iii)        GLISMOD (-5 Feb before 1041).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam" as children of Immed and Athela, specifying that Glismod married "nobilis principis in Baioaria"[98].� m ---.� The identity of the husband of Glismod is not known.� He has been associated with Adalbert "der Siegreiche" Markgraf der Ostmark, son of Liutpold I Markgraf der bayerischen Ostmark, Graf im Traungau, Sundergau und Donaugau & his wife Richwara im Sualafeldgau (-26 May 1055, bur Stift Melk).� The Annales Stadenses name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]"[99].�� It is unlikely that this refers to Liutpold, son of Markgraf Adalbert, who was installed as Markgraf der Ungarischen Mark in Dec 1043 and died soon afterwards, presumably childless as his younger brother succeeded their father in the Markgrafschaft.� [One possible child]:�

(a)       [LIUTPOLD (-[before 1055]).� The Annales Stadenses name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]"[100].�� Graf von Stade.� It seems unlikely that Liutpold's mother was the same Glismod who was the daughter of Immed.� As the Immed died in 983, as it is likely that his daughter's children would have been born [1000/15].� If Liutpold was one of these children, he would have been considerably older than his wife.� m as her first husband, IDA von Elstorf, daughter of [LIUDOLF Markgraf in Friesland [Braunschweig] & his wife Gertrud von Egisheim] (-before 4 May 1082).� The Annales Stadenses name "Ida nobilis femina de Suevia nata, in villa Elsthorpe" as daughter of "fratris imp. Heinrici III, filia sororis Leonis papa qui et Bruno"[101].� It is probable that Ida was the daughter of Liudolf, who is the only known [half-]brother of Emperor Heinrich III whose wife is not otherwise recorded in other primary sources.� Elstorf is located west of Hamburg near Buxtehude, south-east of Stade.� No other reference has been found in primary sources to Elstorf being linked to any medieval noble family.� The significance of �von Elstorf� in this extract from the Annales Stadenses has not been ascertained.� In particular it is not known whether it represents property held by Ida from her paternal or maternal family or through one of her husbands.� The Annales Stadenses name "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" as husband of "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that they were parents of "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen"[102].]� Liutpold & his wife had two children:�

(1)       ODA (-after 1052).� The Annales Stadenses name "Odam sanctimonialem de Rinthelen" as daughter of "Lippoldo filio domine Glismodis" and "Ida [de Elsthorpe]", specifying that she married "regi Ruzie" by whom she had a son "Warteslaw", returned to Saxony with her son after her husband died, and there became the mother of "filiam Aliarinam, matrem comitis Burchardi de Lucken" who later killed "lantgravius Hermannus de Wincenburg", although a later passage specifies that Ida was mother of "Akarinam matrem Burchardi de Lucken"[103].� It has not been possible to verify all this information.� Baumgarten identifies her first husband as Vladimir Iaroslavich[104].� The chronology of Oda, daughter of Ida von Elstorf, bearing a son by a husband who died in 1052 is difficult to sustain.� It is suggested that Oda�s supposed first marriage should be viewed with considerable scepticism.� [m firstly [VLADIMIR Iaroslavich, son of IAROSLAV I "Mudriy/the Wise" Grand Prince of Kiev & his [second] wife Ingigerd Olafsdottir of Sweden (1020-Novgorod 1052, bur Novgorod Church of St Sophia).] m [secondly] ---.�

(2)       EKBERT (-murdered Wickstadt, near Elstorf [before 1082]).� The Annales Stadenses records that Ida [von Elstorf] had "filium Ecbertum comitem" who was killed by "primus Udo marchio...cognatus suus" at �Wistede prope Elstorpe�, adding that Ida found herself without heirs (�orbata heredibus�), visited �avunculum suum papam Leonem� (therefore before Apr 1054), and following his recommendation adopted �ipsum Udonem� as her son and appointed him as her heir (listing properties which she granted him during her lifetime), a later passage clarifying that �predictum Udonem marchionem primum� was Ida�s successor after she died (�Ida ergo mortua...�)[105].� This text presents chronological difficulties.� A literal interpretation of �primus Udo marchio� would indicate Lothar Udo [II] Graf von Stade (see the document SAXONY NOBILITY), who succeeded as Markgraf der Nordmark in 1056 and died the following year so could not have been appointed by Ida as her heir.� Presumably therefore his son Lothar Udo [III], who succeeded his father as Lothar Udo II Markgraf der Nordmark and died in 1082, was intended.� However, that interpretation is inconsistent with Ida von Elstorf taking advice from her uncle Pope Leo IX (who died in Apr 1054).� That part of the report must be factually incorrect, the only safe conclusion being that Ekbert predeceased his mother some time before 1082.� The appointment by Ekbert�s mother of his killer as her heir suggests that the killing was accidental.�

iv)       ADELA (-after 1027).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Thiedericum, Meinwercum, Glismod et Azelam" as children of Immed and Athela, specifying that Azela became a nun at "ecclesia martiris Viti Eltene"[106].� Canoness at Elten.�

v)        EMMA (-3 Dec 1038, bur Bremen Cathedral).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Emma" wife of "comes Liutderus", but does not give her origin[107].� Her parentage is confirmed by Adam of Bremen who names "Emma" as wife of "Liudgerus frater [Benno dux Saxonum]" when recording her husband's death in 1011, calling her "Emma�soror Meginwerki episcopi Padarburnensis" when recording her death and her burial in Bremen Cathedral[108].� m LIUTGER, son of HERMANN Billung Duke in Saxony & his [first/second] wife [Oda ---/Hildesuit ---] (-1011).�

 

 

1.         RETING .� m ---.� The name of Reting's wife is not known.� Reting & his wife had one child:�

a)         FREDERUNA .� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Ekkehard who names "duo fratres Aerbo�et Boto paterno de sanguine Noric� gentis�Hartwici palatini comitis filii�maternum�stemma de Saxonia Immidingorum tribus�mater a Retingo filio Botonis filii Retingi de secundo Botone nati procreatur", when recording the death of her son "Boto comes cognomento fortis Aerbonis�germanus"[109].� She is named as wife of Pfalzgraf Hartwig in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[110].� The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.� m HARTWIG [II] Pfalzgraf von Bayern, son of ARIBO [I] Pfalzgraf von Bayern & his wife Adela --- (-24 Dec 1024, bur Seeon).�

 

 

 

 

Chapter 2.��� EARLY SAXON LEADERS, family of LIUDOLF, later KINGS of GERMANY

 

 

This family provided acknowledged leaders of Saxony during the late 9th and early 10th centuries but the head of the family bore no title as such.�

 

 

1.         BRUNO (-after 775).� The Annales Laurissenses record that "Angrarii�cum Brunone" came "in pago qui dictum Bucki" in 775[111].� The Introduction to the MGH SS edition of the Vita Sanct� Id� cites "annalibus Corbeiensibus in bibliotheca Regia" naming "Egberti quem Brunonis Angrariorum principis filium fuisse" as husband of Ida[112].� m ---.� The name of Bruno's wife is not known.� Bruno & his wife had one child:

a)         EKBERT (-after 834).� The Vita Sanct� Id� names "Egbertus�orientis procures pr�fectus"[113].� Einhard records that "Egbertum comitem" crossed the Elbe and was put in charge of "locus super ripam Sturi� fluminis�Esesfelth" in 809[114].� "Ekkibertus�comes" donated property "in pago�Folcfeld" to Regensburg St Emmeram by charter dated 810[115].� Einhard's Annales record "Egbertus comes" as one of the signatories of peace with the Vikings in 811[116].� The charter of Emperor Louis I dated 834 relating to the mission of "S. Anscharii" in Saxony names "Ecberto comite"[117].� m IDA, daughter of [BERNHARD & his [first/second] wife ---] ([750/80]-).� The Vita Sancti Id� names Ida as only daughter of an unnamed count[118].� The Introduction to the MGH SS edition of this source cites "annalibus Corbeiensibus in bibliotheca Regia" naming Ida as "Adalhard et Wal� soror, uxor Egberti quem Brunonis Angrariorum principis filium fuisse", commenting that she died aged 100[119].� She is not named as the sister of Adalhard in the Vita Adalhardi.� Ida is named as wife of Ekbert in the Historia Translationis Sanct� Pusinn�[120].� Ekbert & his wife had two children:�

i)          WARIN (-20 Sep 856).� The Historia Translationis Sanct� Pusinn� names Warin as the son of Ekbert & Ida[121].� The Historia Translationis Sancti Viti names "Warinus" as "adolescens monachus" at Corvey "ex nobilissimo Francorum atque Saxonum genere"[122].� Abbot of Corvey 826.�

ii)         [daughter .� m ---.]�

(a)       HADUIN .� The Historia Translationis Sanct� Pusinn� names "Venerabili Haduini" as neptis of Warin[123].�

 

 

Three brothers, parents not known, although the primary source which confirms this relationship has not yet been identified.� It is assumed that the brothers were related to Bruno and his son Ekbert (see above).� If this is correct, from a chronological point of view they may have been brothers of Ekbert.� It is also possible that the relationship was through Ekbert's mother.�

1.         BRUNO .� Bruno was named as father of Liudolf in the early 13th century Gandersheimer Reimchronik[124], but no earlier source has so far been identified which confirms the relationship.� m ---.� The name of Bruno's wife is not known.� Bruno & his wife had one child:

a)         LIUDOLF (-11 Mar 866, bur Brunshausen).� Graf.�

-������� see below.

2.         UFFO [Ovo] or LIUDOLF (-27 Jun [before 852]).� m RICHEIT, daughter of RICFRID & his wife ---.� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not so far been identified.� Uffo/Liudolf & his wife had five children:�

a)         ALTFRID (-15 Aug 874, bur Essen Stiftskirche).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Co-founder of Gandersheim.� He founded Kloster Seligenstadt, and the convent of Essen in 870.� Co-founder of Kloster Lamspringe in 879.� The Chronicon Hildesheimense records that "Altfridus" was ordained as fourth Bishop of Hildesheim in 847[125].� He built Hildesheim cathedral.

b)         ADI .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� [852].

c)         TADI .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� [852].

d)         FRIEDRICH .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� [852].

e)         GERSUIT (-30 Dec ----, bur Essen St Quintinus).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.� First Abbess of Essen 873.�

3.         BOVO .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� 850.�

 

 

LIUDOLF, son of BRUNO & his wife --- (-11 Mar 866, bur Brunshausen).� Brun was named as father of Liudolf in the early 13th century Gandersheimer Reimchronik[126], but no earlier source has so far been found which confirms the relationship.� The Chronicon Hildesheimense records that Liudolf founded the abbey of Gandersheim in 852, first at Brunshausen[127].� Widukind records that "Liudulfus" transferred relics of Pope Innocent to Rome[128].� The Annales Alamannicorum record "Ludolfus dux Saxoni� avus Heinrici" among those who swore allegiance in 864[129].� The Annales Xantenses record the death in 866 of "Liudolfus comes a septentrione"[130].�

m ODA, daughter of BILLUNG princeps & his wife Aeda (-17 May 913).� The Carmen de Primordiis C�nobii Gandersheimensis names the wife of "Liudulfus" as "Oda�Francorum�de stirpe potentum, filia Billungi�atque Aed�"[131].� "Oda comitissa, Pipini regis Itali� ex filia neptis, Hliudolfi Ducis vidua" founded Kloster Calbe an der Milde, by charter dated 885[132].� "Arnolfus�rex" confirmed donations of his predecessor of land "in pago Nordthuringa dicto in comitatu Liudulfi in loco Uuanzleua" to Kloster Gandersheim naming "fideli costr� in sanctimoniali habitu constitut�Od�" by an undated charter, placed in the compilation among charters dated [891/92], which names "filia eius Gerberga abbatissa"[133].� "Otto�rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Gandersheim "avo illius Sigihardo comiti in pago Chiemihgovue in comitatu Sigihardi" to "comiti nostro Eberhart" by charter dated 4 May 947 in which he names "proavo nostro Liutulfo�et eius coniuge Oda�et avo nostro Ottone" recalling their involvement in the foundation of the monastery[134].�

Liudolf & his wife had [twelve] children:�

1.         BRUNO (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annalista Saxo records "Brunonis ducis" as brother of "Otto filius Liudolfi ducis"[135].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted immunities to Kloster Gandersheim, naming "Brun et Otto nostri fideles comites�[et] Liutolf genitor eorum�[et]�Gerbirg soror eorundem comitum" by charter dated 26 Jan 877[136].� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem regin�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[137]. �The Gesta Francorum lists "Brun ducem et fratrem regin�" as one of the twelve counts who were killed fighting the Danes in 880[138].� Thietmar records that "Duke Bruno�great uncle" of Bruno Archbishop of K�ln, was drowned in a flooded river on 2 Feb while on an expedition against the Danes[139].� The Erchanberti Breviarum records that "Ludovicus rex Franci�" had one son "Hug�de concubina" who [in 880] fought the Vikings "cum Theoderico et Marcwardo�episcopis et Bardone fratre Liutkard� regin�"[140], "Bardone" presumably being an error for "Brunone", although this version appears to conflate two battles (one at the river Scheldt and one in Saxony) which are reported separately in the Annales Fuldenses.� The Gesta Francorum lists "Bardonum�alterum Bardonum [et] tertium Bardonum" as three of the twelve counts who were killed fighting the Danes in 880[141].� The other two counts named "Bardo" or "Bruno" have not been identified.�

2.         OTTO "der Erlauchte" (-30 Nov 912[142], bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche).� The Annalista Saxo records "Otto" as "filius Liudolfi ducis"[143].� Graf im S�dth�ringau.� Graf im Eichsfeld 888.�

-������� see below.�

3.         THANKMAR .� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[144] names Thankmar as a son of Liudolf & his wife but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.� [Abbot of Corvey 877/79].� �Ludolphus comes� donated property �in Daelhem et in Adonhusen� to Corvey monastery �pro filio suo Tancmaro[145].�

4.         LIUTGARD (-17 or 30 Nov 885, bur Aschaffenburg).� Widukind names "Liudgardam sororem Brunonis ac magni ducis Oddonis" as wife of "orientales Francos imperantium Hluthowicus"[146].� "Hludowicus�rex" made a donation of property in "villa�Winenheim" to Kloster Lorsch in the name of "comiti�Werinhario" by charter dated 4 Jan 877, naming "coniuge nostra Liutgarda"[147].� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 885 of "Liutgart regina"[148].� The death and burial place of "Liudgardis regina" are recorded in the Annalista Saxo[149].� m (before 29 Nov 874) LUDWIG, son of LUDWIG II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks & his wife Emma [Welf] ([835]-Frankfurt-am-Main 20 Jan 882, bur Kloster Lorsch).� He succeeded his father in 876 as LUDWIG III "der J�ngere" King of the East Franks, Saxony and � Lotharingia.� King of Bavaria 879.� King of Lotharingia 880.�

5.         ENDA .� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[150] names Enda as a daughter of Liudolf & his wife, and her marriage, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.� m ---.�

6.         HATHUMOD (840-29 Sep 874, bur Brunnshausen).� The Chronicon Hildesheimense records that "Hathamodam eius ducis [Liudolfi] filiam" was was installed as first abbess of Gandersheim in 852, and that she died 18 years later[151].� Her life and death are recounted in the Vita et Obitus Hathamod�[152].� Her death is recorded in the Annalista Saxo[153].�

7.         GERBERGA (-5 Sep [896/97]).� The Chronicon Hildesheimense records that "Gerbergam sororem [Hathamod�]" succeeded her sister as second abbess of Gandersheim[154].� "Gerburgis" is named sister of "Hathumod"[155], whom she succeeded as Abbess of Gandersheim in 874[156].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted immunities to Kloster Gandersheim, naming "Brun et Otto nostril fideles comites�[et] Liutolf genitor eorum�[et]�Gerbirg soror eorundem comitum" by charter dated 26 Jan 877[157].�

8.         CHRISTINA (-1 Apr [919/20], bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche).� Thankmar records that "Sororem autem eius [=Gerburgis [et] Hathumod] Cristinam" entered Gandersheim, specifying that they were all daughters of "Oda"[158].� Abbess of Gandersheim 897-897.

9.         daughter (-young).� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[159] refers to an unnamed daughter of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.�

10.      son (-young).� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[160] refers to two or three unnamed sons of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.�

11.      son (-young).� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[161] refers to two or three unnamed sons of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.�

12.      [son (-young).� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[162] refers to two or three unnamed sons of Liudolf & his wife who died young, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.]�

 

 

OTTO "der Erlauchte", son of Graf LIUDOLF & his wife Oda [Billung] (-30 Nov 912, bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche).� The Annalista Saxo records "Otto" as "filius Liudolfi ducis"[163].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted immunities to Kloster Gandersheim, naming "Brun et Otto nostri fideles comites�[et] Liutolf genitor eorum�[et]�Gerbirg soror eorundem comitum" by charter dated 26 Jan 877[164].� Graf im S�dth�ringau.� "Hludowicus�rex" donated property "Tennisteti et Heriki in pago Suththuringa in comitatu Ottonis" to Kloster Gandersheim by charter dated 26 Jan 877[165].� "Rihdahc" denoted property to Kloster St Maria an der Rosel, in the castle of Coblenz, by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated [981/89], subscribed by "domini Ottonis Liutolfi filius�"[166].� Graf im Eichsfeld.� Emperor Arnulf confirmed an exchange including property "in pago Eichesfelden in comitatu Ottonis" between the abbot of Fulda and "Chunrado comite" on the intervention of "Ottonis�marchionis" by charter dated 28 Jan 897[167].� Lay Abbot of Hersfeld 908.� He was chosen to succeed Ludwig "das Kind" [Carolingian] as king of Germany in 911, but declined on the grounds of his advanced age and recommended the election of Konrad ex-Duke of the Franconians[168].� "Chuonradus�rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Murbach by charter dated 12 Mar 913 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum Hathonis, Salomonis, Thiodolfi, Hildini, Einhardi, Erchangarii, Chuonradi, Hugonis, Ottonis, Heinrici, Bopponis, Udalrici, Eberhardi"[169].� Thietmar records the death of Otto on 30 Nov but does not give the year[170].� The necrology of Merseburg records the death "30 Nov" of "Oddo comes pater Heinrici regis Saxonum"[171].�

m HEDWIG [Hathui], daughter of HEINRICH dux [Babenberg] & his wife Engeltrudis --- ([850/55]-24 Dec 903).� "Hathwiga" is named as wife of Otto in the Annalista Saxo, which in an earlier passage records that the mother of Heinrich was the son of the sister of Adalbert [Babenberg][172].� Her birth date is estimated from the birth of her third son in 876.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 903 of "Hadwih com"[173].� The necrology of Merseburg records the death "24 Dec" of "Hathuui mater Heinrici regis"[174].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Otto's mistress is not known.�

Graf Otto & his wife had [seven] children:

1.         [daughter ([865/70][175]-).� "Wundilgartam Henrici regis de filia neptim" is named in the Chronicle of St Gall, which also names her husband[176].� The commentary in the printed text interprets this as "granddaughter of Heinrich I King of Germany", but this is chronologically impossible assuming that the approximate death date of Wundelgart's husband is correct.� If there is any truth in the text, it is more likely that Wundelgart was the niece of King Heinrich by his sister, although this is far from certain considering the broad range of interpretation possible for the word "neptis".� However, the chronology is tight even for this interpretation, as shown by the estimated birth date range of this daughter, which must mean that she was one of her parents' older children.� Another possibility is that she was illegitimate.� The same source in a later passage names "Ekkehardo�diacono et Purchardo puero post abate consobrinis suis"[177].� As Wundelgart was the mother of abbot Burkhard, this gives the essential clue about the name of this daughter's husband, who in the same source is named as the father of the sisters who were mothers of the younger Ekkehard and abbot Burkhard. �m as his first wife, EKKEHARD [I], son of ---.]�

2.         THANKMAR (-before 30 Nov 912).� "Thancmarus et Liudolfus", sons of Otto & Hathwiga, died before their father according to the Annalista Saxo, which implies they were older than their brother Heinrich who "ecce fratribus defunctis, tota hereditas in ipsum iam ducem derivatur"[178].�

3.         LIUDOLF (-before 30 Nov 912).� "Thancmarus et Liudolfus", sons of Otto & Hathwiga, died before their father according to the Annalista Saxo, which implies they were older than their brother Heinrich who "ecce fratribus defunctis, tota hereditas in ipsum iam ducem derivatur"[179].� m ---.� The name of Liudolf's wife is not known.� Liudolf & his wife had one child:

a)         EKKEHARD (-killed in battle 25 Sep 936).� Widukind names "Ekkardus filius Liudulfi", when recording his death[180].� m ---.� The name of Ekkehard's wife is not known.� Ekkehard & his wife had [one possible child]:

i)          [EKKEHARD (-[30 Aug 954] or 4 Sep 954).� The descent of Ekkehard from an older brother of Heinrich I King of Germany is proposed by Hlawitschka[181].�

-�������� see MEISSEN.]�

4.         HEINRICH ([876]-Memleben 2 Jul 936, bur Quedlinburg Stiftskirche).� Thietmar records that Heinrich was "born of the noble lineage of Otto and Hadwig"[182].� According to the Annalista Saxo, he was son of the unnamed sister of Adalbert [Babenberg], with whom he and his brothers fought against the Konradiner family, his complete parentage being recorded in a later passage[183].� He was elected as HEINRICH I King of Germany at Fritzlar 6 May 919.�

-������� KINGS of GERMANY.�

5.         ODA ([884]-[2 Jul] after 952).� Jackman speculates that Oda must have been born in [884], although this appears to be designed to fit with his theory about Oda's supposed third marriage[184].� Regino records the marriage in 897 of "Ottonem comitem�filiam Odam" and King Zwentibold[185].� Regino records that "Gerhard comes" married "Odam uxorem Zuendiboldi regis" after killing her first husband in battle in 900[186].� "Otto�rex" confirmed the donation of property " in loco Dauindre�in pago�Hamalant in comitatu Vuigmanni" to St Moritz at Magdeburg by "nostra amita�Uota" by charter dated 30 Dec 952[187].� m firstly ([Worms] [27 Mar/13 Jun] 897) ZWENTIBOLD King of Lotharingia [Carolingian], illegitimate son of Emperor ARNULF King of Germany & his mistress --- ([870/71]-killed in battle 13 Aug 900, bur [S�steren or Echternach]).� m secondly (900) Graf GERHARD [Matfride], son of --- (-killed in battle 22 Jun 910).�

6.         LIUTGARD [Dodica] (-21 Jan 923).� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[188] names Liutgard as daughter of Otto & his wife, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.� Abbess of Gandersheim 919/923.

7.         [IRMINBURG (-before 936).� Europ�ische Stammtafeln[189] names Irminburg as daughter of Otto & his wife, and records her marriage, but the primary source which confirms this has not so far been identified.� m as his first wife, SIEGFRIED, son of THIETMAR [Ostmark] & his wife --- (-[3 Dec 936/941]).]

Graf Otto had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):���

8.          daughter.� 932.� Widukind names "sorore regis qu� nupserat Widoni Thuringo�ex concubina nata"[190].� m WIDO, from Thuringia.

 

 

 

 

Chapter 3.��� EARLY SAXON LEADERS, family of BILLUNG, later DUKES of SAXONY

 

A.����� ORIGINS

 

 

The ancestral home of the Billung family was around L�neburg.� Otto I King of Germany appointed Hermann Billung as Markgraf in the northern part of the new "east March" which was created to protect northern Germany from Slav attacks from the east.� Less aggressive than Gero, his counterpart in the southern part of the March (see the document MEISSEN), Hermann directed his attacks mainly against the Vagrians and Obotrites[191].� The family's power increased as a result of Hermann's appointment to represent the king in Saxony on many occasions[192].�� Hermann's descendants accumulated extensive territories in north-eastern Saxony on the middle Weser and acquired numerous church advocacies.� The residence of the Billung dukes remained at L�neburg[193].� They had less influence in western Saxony, and even after bearing the title "dux" it is hardly appropriate to describe the title-holders as dukes "of Saxony", the title being more a reflection of the personal power of the title-holder than of his territorial possessions.� The Billung dukes had no right to summon vassals to appear at court or on the battlefield, in contrast to the power exercised for example by the dukes of Bavaria.� Neither do they appear to have exercised any special ducal rights of jurisdiction over the more powerful local counts, for example the counts of Stade who created extensive domains for themselves between the lower Elbe and the Weser[194].� The three eastern border provinces of Nordmark, Lausitz and Meissen, which came into existence towards the end of the 12th century, were imperial fiefs with no vassal status towards the Billung dukes[195].� On the extinction of the male line of the Billung family in 1106, the ducal title was awarded to Lothar von S�pplingenburg, although the Billung family territories were inherited by the sons-in-law of the last duke, the Welf Duke Heinrich "der Schwarze" and Otto von Ballenstedt.�

 

Onomastics suggest a family connection between the family of the founders of Brunswick and the Billung family, as well as with the family of Otto I King of Germany, but any such relationship cannot be proved.� As will be seen below, there is considerable uncertainty about the early generations of this family, in particular the supposed descendants of Count Wichmann [II].� However, the suggested relationships set out here appear to be reasonably robust.�

 

 

1.         AMELUNG (-before 1 Dec 811).� m ---.� The name of Amelung's wife is not known.� Amelung & his wife had one child:�

a)         BENNIT .� "Bennit comes" made a donation of property to Werra and Fulda, naming his father "Amalungus", confirmed by charter dated 1 Dec 811[196].�

b)         ENNO (-after [823/26]).� "Enno comes Amalungi filius" witnessed the donation of property "in pago Nordthuringi" by "Bernardus" to the monastery of Corbey, dated to [823/26][197].� "Enno comes" witnessed the donation of property "in villa Honesleva" by "Wulfhard" to the monastery of Corbey, dated to [823/26][198].�

 

 

1.         BILLUNG .� Princeps.� m AEDA, daughter of --- & his wife --- [daughter of Pepin King of Italy] ([798/810]-).� The Carmen de Primordiis C�nobii Gandersheimensis names the wife of "Liudulfus" as "Oda�Francorum�de stirpe potentum, filia Billungi�atque Aed�"[199].� Her precise origin is mentioned in the charter dated 885 by which "Oda comitissa, Pipini regis Itali� ex filia neptis, Hliudolfi Ducis vidua" founded Kloster Calbe an der Milde, although the accuracy of this document is not known[200].� Billung & his wife had one child:�

a)         ODA (-17 May 913).� The Carmen de Primordiis C�nobii Gandersheimensis names the wife of "Liudulfus" as "Oda�Francorum�de stirpe potentum, filia Billungi�atque Aed�"[201].� "Oda comitissa, Pipini regis Itali� ex filia neptis, Hliudolfi Ducis vidua" founded Kloster Calbe an der Milde, by charter dated 885[202].� "Arnolfus�rex" confirmed donations of his predecessor of land "in pago Nordthuringa dicto in comitatu Liudulfi in loco Uuanzleua" to Kloster Gandersheim naming "fideli costr� in sanctimoniali habitu constitut�Od�" by an undated charter, placed in the compilation among charters dated [891/92], which names "filia eius Gerberga abbatissa"[203].� "Otto�rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Gandersheim "avo illius Sigihardo comiti in pago Chiemihgovue in comitatu Sigihardi" to "comiti nostro Eberhart" by charter dated 4 May 947 in which he names "proavo nostro Liutulfo�et eius coniuge Oda�et avo nostro Ottone" recalling their involvement in the foundation of the monastery[204].� m LIUDOLF, son of [BRUN[HART] & his wife ---] (-11 Mar 866, bur Brunshausen).�

 

 

[Three] brothers, parents not yet identified:�

1.         AMELUNG (-after [850]).� A charter dated to [850] records that "Meginfridus advocatus" recognised the rights of "Amalung comite et fratre suo Wicman" in "ecclesia de Kapungen"[205].� m ---.� The name of Amelung�s wife is not known.� Amelung & his wife had two children:�

a)         ALBERADA .� Abbess of Kloster Kaufungen.� "Athelbert comes cum filio meo Billunc" donated property in "Mardachuson, Spielli et Wanhusen situm in pago Hassim" to Kloster Kaufungen, "ad consolationem progenitorum meorum Wigman et Immihilt", at the request of "Alberat abbatisse et sororis Hemme filiarum�patrui mei Amalung", by charter dated to [880/89][206].�

b)         HEMMA .� "Athelbert comes cum filio meo Billunc" donated property in "Mardachuson, Spielli et Wanhusen situm in pago Hassim" to Kloster Kaufungen, "ad consolationem progenitorum meorum Wigman et Immihilt", at the request of "Alberat abbatisse et sororis Hemme filiarum�patrui mei Amalung", by charter dated to [880/89][207].�

2.         WICHMANN [I] (-after 10 Nov 855).� A charter dated to [850] records that "Meginfridus advocatus" recognised the rights of "Amalung comite et fratre suo Wicman" in "ecclesia de Kapungen"[208].� Graaf van Hamaland. �"Folcherus" donated property "�in pago Hamulande in comitatu Wigmanni�" to Werden abbey by charter dated 10 Nov 855[209].� [same person as�?WICHMANN (-killed in battle in Saxony 2 Feb 880).� The Annales Fuldenses name "Brun ducem et fratrem rein�, Wicmannum, Bardonem, alterum Bardonem et tertium Bardonem, Thiotherium, Gerrichum, Liutolfum, Folcwartum, Avan, Thiotricum, Liutharium" as those killed in battle in 880 in Saxony against "Nordmannis"[210].]� m IMMIHILT, daughter of ---.� Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [880/89] under which her son "Athelbert comes cum filio meo Billunc" donated property in "Mardachuson, Spielli et Wanhusen situm in pago Hassim" to Kloster Kaufungen, "ad consolationem progenitorum meorum Wigman et Immihilt"[211].� Wichmann & his wife had one child:�

a)         ATHELBERT .� "Athelbert comes cum filio meo Billunc" donated property in "Mardachuson, Spielli et Wanhusen situm in pago Hassim" to Kloster Kaufungen, "ad consolationem progenitorum meorum Wigman et Immihilt", at the request of "Alberat abbatisse et sororis Hemme filiarum�patrui mei Amalung", by charter dated to [880/89][212].� m ---.� The name of Athelbert�s wife is not known.� Athelbert & his wife had one child:�

i)          BILLUNG .� "Athelbert comes cum filio meo Billunc" donated property in "Mardachuson, Spielli et Wanhusen situm in pago Hassim" to Kloster Kaufungen, "ad consolationem progenitorum meorum Wigman et Immihilt", at the request of "Alberat abbatisse et sororis Hemme filiarum�patrui mei Amalung", by charter dated to [880/89][213].�

 

 

1.         HERMANN (-935).� The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses record that "dominus Hermannus" founded the "monasterio Sancti Michaelis in Lunenborg" in 905 and died in 935[214].� It is not known which family Hermann belonged to.� However, the other deaths recorded in the same source are of the first counts of Brunswick, who are probably descended from the Billung family as shown below.� This could indicate that Hermann was also related to the Billungs.� m HILDEGARDIS, daughter of --- (-940).� The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses record the death in 940 of "domina Hildegardis uxor domini Hermanni fundatoris"[215].�

 

 

[BILLUNG] .� The Chronica Principum Saxoni� names "vir�nomine Bilingus" as father of "Hermannum"[216], although the accuracy of this statement is not known.� The name of the father of the brothers Amelung, Wichmann [I] and Hermann Billung has not so far been found in any other source.� The possibility that some or all of them were uterine brothers cannot be excluded.�

m ---.� The name of [Billung]'s wife is not known.�

[Billung] & his wife had [six] children:�

1.         AMELUNG (-5 May 962).� Bishop of Verden 933.� The Annalista Saxo records the death in 962 of "Amalungus Fardensis episcopus�frater Herimanni ducis"[217].� Thietmar also records that Amelung Bishop of Verden, "the duke's [Hermann Billung] brother", died on 5 May "at a good old age"[218].�

2.         WICHMANN [II] (-23 Apr 944).� Widukind names "Wichmanni fratris sui [=Herimannum]", when recording his rebellion against King Otto[219].�

-������� see below.�

3.         HERMANN [Billung] ([905/10]-Quedlinburg 27 Mar 973, bur L�neburg St Michael).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Bilingus�filium Hermannum"[220].� His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he was adult when appointed military commander in 936.� He was given military command in Saxony ("princeps militi�") by Otto I King of Germany in 936, which triggered the revolt of his brother Wichmann[221].� Graf in Wetigau 940.� Procurator of the king in Saxony 953, 961 and 966.� "Otto�rex" granted property "Ozmina marcam�et Tarata marcam cum castello Grodista" to "vassallo Billing" by charter dated 26 Jun 952[222].� "Otto�rex" granted property to the church of St Moritz, Magdeburg by charter dated 953, which names "Billingus�noster miles"[223].� Graf in dem Gauen Tilithi und Marstem 955.� Markgraf 956: "Otto�rex" granted rights to salt duties to L�neburg St Mikhael at the request of "Herimanni marchionis" by charter dated 13 Aug 956[224].� "Otto�rex" gave property "in pago Usiti in comitatu comitis Willihelmi" to "nostro fideli vasallo comitique Billinc" by charter dated 2 Dec 958[225], which may refer to Hermann Billung although he is not titled Markgraf in the document.� "Otto�rex" granted property "in locis Vurmerstat, Otunpach, Gozarstat, Haholtestat�in pago Usiti in comitatu comitis Uuillihelmi" to "vasallo comitisque�Billinc" by charter dated 2 Dec 958[226].� "Otto�rex" granted property "Asundorf marcam et Dornsteti marcam Liubissa�in pago Hassigeuui in comitatu comitis Sigiuuridi�loco Biscopstat�in pago Altgeuui in comitatu comitis Uuillihelmi" to "vassallo Billing" by charter dated 23 Apr 961[227].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Neletici in comitatu Billingi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 28 Jul 965[228].� Dux in Saxony 965.� He founded St Michaeliskloster at L�neburg.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 973 of "Heriman dux"[229].� Thietmar records the death of Duke Hermann, father of Bernhard, at Quedlinburg on 1 Apr,� the transportation of his body to L�neburg, and the refusal by Bruno Bishop of Verden (maybe his nephew) to allow his burial in church because of his prior excommunication[230].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "27 Mar" of "Herimannus dux"[231].� m firstly ODA, daughter of --- (-15 Mar ----).� The primary source which confirms the name of Hermann's first wife has not so far been identified.� m secondly HILDESUIT, daughter of ---.� The primary source which confirms the name of Hermann's second wife has not so far been identified.� "Otto�imperator augustus" confirmed the donation of property "aliquando Bilingo nostro comiti�in Neletici�quitquid coniunx sua hereditarii iuris habere" to Magdaburg St Moritz by charter dated 28 Jul 966[232].� Duke Hermann & his [first/second] wife had five children:

a)         BERNHARD (-Corvey 9 Feb 1011, bur L�neburg St Michael).� The Annalista Saxo names (in order) "Bennonis ducis, qui et Bernhardus et Liudigeri comitis et Machtildis comitisse" as brothers and sister of "domna Suanehildis [filia] Herimanni ducis de Liuniburh"[233].� He succeeded as BERNHARD I Herzog in Sachsen.�

-������� see below.

b)         LIUTGER (-26 Feb 1011, bur L�neburg St Michael).� The Annalista Saxo names (in order) "Bennonis ducis, qui et Bernhardus et Liudigeri comitis et Machtildis comitisse" as brothers and sister of "domna Suanehildis [filia] Herimanni ducis de Liuniburh"[234].� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" gave property "Stipenlo in comitatu ipsius Liutgeri comitis et in pago Westfalon" to "Liutgero comiti" by charter dated 27 Apr 1001 on the petition of "Berenhardi nostri ducis et�capellani nostri"[235].� The Vita Meinwerci records the death "IV Kal Apr" of "frater�ducis Bernhardi, comes Liutderus"[236].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "26 Feb" of "Liudger com"[237].� m EMMA, daughter of IMMED [III] & his wife Agnes --- (-3 Dec 1038, bur Bremen Cathedral).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Emma" as wife of "comes Liutderus", but does not give her origin[238].� Her parentage is confirmed by Adam of Bremen who names "Emma" as wife of "Liudgerus frater [Benno dux Saxonum]" when recording her husband's death in 1011, calling her "Emma�soror Meginwerki episcopi Padarburnensis" when recording her death and her burial in Bremen Cathedral[239].� Liutger & his wife had two children:�

i)          IMMED (-3 Feb 1076, bur Paderborn cathedral).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Bishop of Paderborn 1051.

ii)         [EMMA].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.� 1024, 1039, 1047.

c)         MECHTILD of Saxony ([942]-Gent 25 May 1008, bur Gent St Peter).� The Annalista Saxo names (in order) "Bennonis ducis, qui et Bernhardus et Liudigeri comitis et Machtildis comitisse" as brothers and sister of "domna Suanehildis [filia] Herimanni ducis de Liuniburh", recording the names of Mechtild's two husbands[240].� The Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis names "Mathildis, filiam principis Herimanni" as wife of "Balduinum [filius comitis Arnulfi]", specifying that it was hoped that the couple would have many children[241].� This suggests that their marriage date may have been some years earlier than 961 considering that the Genealogia was supposedly compiled in [951/59], probably during the earlier part of this date range considering which children of Louis IV King of the West Franks are named in the document[242].� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildis comitissa Saxonie" as wife of "Godefridi Ardennensis"[243].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights and property of Kloster Mouzon donated by (among others) "dux Fredericus pro anima Ottonis�[et] Godefridus comes et coniux sua Mathildis pro anima sui fratris Adalberonis archiepiscopi" by charter dated 1023[244].� The Annales Blandinienses record the death in 1008 of "Mathildis comitissa"[245].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "25 May" of "Mattild com"[246].� m firstly ([951/59]) BAUDOUIN III joint Count of Flanders, son of ARNOUL I "le Grand" Count of Flanders & his second wife Adela de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([940]-1 Jan 962).� m secondly ([963]) GODEFROI Comte de Verdun, son of comte GOZELON [Wigeriche] & his wife Uda --- [Matfriede] (-3 Sep 995, bur Gent St Peter).�

d)         SCHWANEHILDE [Suanhild] ([945/50]-26 Nov 1014, bur Kloster Jena, transferred 1028 to Naumburg Georgskirche).� The Annalista Saxo names "domna Suanehildis" as daughter of "Herimanni ducis de Liuniburh", names her brothers "Bennonis ducis et Bernhardus et Liudigeri comitis et Machtildis comitisse" and her two husbands[247].� Her birth date range is estimated on the basis of her sister being born in [942] and Schwanehilde herself giving birth to seven children by her second husband. �Thietmar records the marriage of Ekkehard and "Swanhild widow of Count Thietmar and Duke Bernhard's sister"[248].� Thietmar records the death of Suanhild 26 Nov 1014[249].� m firstly THIETMAR [III] Markgraf [der Ostmark], son of CHRISTIAN Graf im Nordth�ring- und Schwabengau & his wife Hidda [der Ostmark] (-3 Aug after 979, bur Kloster Nienburg an der Saale).� m secondly (before 1000) EKKEHARD [I] Markgraf von Meissen, son of GUNTHER Markgraf im Bischofstum Merseburg & his wife --- (-murdered P�hlde 30 Apr 1002, bur Kloster Jena, transferred 1028 to Naumburg Georgskirche).

e)         IMMA .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.� Nun at Herford.� 995.

4.         [BRUNO ([905/15]-after 16 Nov 958, maybe after 30 Dec 979).� There is no proof that Bruno was the brother of Hermann Billung but this looks probable.� It is assumed that Bruno's sons were adolescent or young adults when mentioned with their father in the two sources referred to below.� This would place Bruno's birth in the range [905/15], which is too early for him to have been the son of Wichmann [II].� The reference to "pago Derlingum" in the [951/57] charter is a clear indication of a family connection as this territory appears several times in documents in which the supposed descendants of Wichmann [II] are named (see below).� "Otto�rex" granted property "Hebesheim in pago Derlingum in comitatu Brunonis" to Moritzkirche, Magdeburg by undated charter, but dated to [951/57] as it names "coniugis nostr� Aelheidis�filii nostri Liudolfi", in the presence of "eiusdem Brunonis comitis filiique Liudolfi, Geronis marchionis, Cristiani comitis nec non Liutharii et Friderici comitum"[250].� "Otto�rex" gave property "in pago Hessi in comitatu comitis qui dicitur Bern in loco Uuestnetri" which "ibidem Bruninc comes filiusque eius Amalunc in beneficium habere visi sunt" to "fideli nostro Retolt" by charter dated 16 Nov 958[251].� "Otto�imperator augustus" gave judgment in a dispute between Werner Abbot of Fulda and Gozbert Abbot of Hersfeld, concerning ship travel along the H�rsel, by charter dated 30 Dec 979, which names "comites nostros Sigebertum, Sigefridum et Brunonem"[252], although if this refers to the same Count Bruno he would have been very old at the time.� m ---.� The name of Bruno's wife is not known.]� Bruno & his wife had [two] children:�

a)         LIUDOLF (-after [951/57]).� "Otto�rex" granted property "Hebesheim in pago Derlingum in comitatu Brunonis" to Moritzkirche, Magdeburg by undated charter, but dated to [951/57] as it names "coniugis nostr� Aelheidis�filii nostri Liudolfi", in the presence of "eiusdem Brunonis comitis filiique Liudolfi, Geronis marchionis, Cristiani comitis nec non Liutharii et Friderici comitum" [253].�

b)         AMELUNG (-after 958).� "Otto�rex" gave property "in pago Hessi in comitatu comitis qui dicitur Bern in loco Uuestnetri" which "ibidem Bruninc comes filiusque eius Amalunc in beneficium habere visi sunt" to "fideli nostro Retolt" by charter dated 16 Nov 958[254].� �Ymmadus comes� donated property �in Lithingi, in pago ---� to Corvey monastery, witnessed by �Thuring comes, Amalung comes�[255].�

5.         [son .� The identity of the husband of Gerberga is unknown.� The name of his son, Wichmann, suggests a close family relationship with the Billung family of dukes of Saxony.� The connection appears confirmed by Widukind who records that Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn was "materno a Wichmanno, Herimanni ducis nepote, propinquo Ottonis I"[256], the bishop's mother being corroborated in other sources as Adela, daughter of Wichmann [V].� There are so many uncertainties regarding the genealogy of the Billung family that detailed speculation on any precise relationship does not seem worthwhile.� Gerberga's husband is shown as a possible son of Billung only for the purposes of making the hyperlink connection.� m GERBERGA, daughter of MEGINHARD Graf van Hamaland & his wife ---.� Her parentage is confirmed by the Necrologium of Elten which records the death of "Meginhard, pater Gerberch, cuius filius Wichmannus comes fundator ecclesia"[257].� One child:�

a)         WICHMANN [V] ([930]-after 27 Sep 979).� His parentage is confirmed by the Necrologium of Elten which records the death of "Meginhard, pater Gerberch, cuius filius Wichmannus comes fundator ecclesia"[258].� Graaf van Hamaland.�

-������� GRAVEN van HAMALAND.�

6.         [---.� m ---.]�

a)         [daughter .� Alpertus names "Godizo, Richizonis filius" as "consanguineus" of the sisters Liutgard and Adela[259].� This would be explained if, as shown here, their father Wichmann [V] was the son of an otherwise unknown brother of Duke Hermann Billung (see above) and Richizo's wife was also related to the duke's family although the precise nature of this relationship is speculation.� m RICHIZO, son of ---.]�

 

 

WICHMANN [II], son of BILLUNG & his wife --- (-23 Apr 944).� Widukind names "Wichmanni fratris sui [=Herimannum]", when recording his rebellion against King Otto[260].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in pago Vnimoti in comitatu Wigmanni dua loca Vrlaha et Ottingha" for the foundation of Magdeburg by charter dated 11 Oct 937[261].� He rebelled against Otto I King of Germany in 938, dissatisfied that the king had given military command in Saxony to his brother Hermann, but made peace with the king later the same year[262].� The Annales Magdeburgenses record the reconciliation of "Wigmannus frater Hermanni Saxonis ducis" and the king in 941[263].� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 944 of "Wigman com"[264].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "23 Apr" of "Wigmam com"[265].�

m FREDERUNA, daughter of Graf THEODERICH [Immedinger] & his wife Reginlind --- (-18 Jan 971).� Her origin is deduced from Thietmar referring to "Counts Wichmann and Ekbert�brothers" as sons of Emperor Otto I's maternal aunt[266], although he does not name their mother.� A list of names in the Libri Confraternitatum Sancti Galli sets out (in order) "Thieterich, Reginhilt, *, Oto, Amalrat, Perectheid, Friderun, Pia", immediately after a list of family members of Heinrich I King of Germany and his wife, which no doubt refers to the latter's parents and sisters[267].� It is also possible that the wife of Wichmann [I] was the sister Bia, unless she can be identified as the mother of Friedrich (see above).� The necrology of Fulda records the death "970 Id Jan" of "Fridarun comitissa [anc Christi]"[268], presumably showing that she became a nun before she died.�

Wichmann [II] & his wife had [four possible children]:

1.         [WICHMANN [III] (-killed in battle 22 Sep 967).� Thietmar records that "Count Wichmann" took part in the siege of Mainz during the rebellion of Liudolf, son of Emperor Otto I, in 953[269].� No direct proof has been found that Wichmann [III] was the son of Wichmann [II].� However, it is clear that Wichmann [III] was the brother of Ekbert "der Ein�ugige", as in a later passage Thietmar refers to "Counts Wichmann and Ekbert�brothers" instigating the Slavs to war[270].� Wichmann revived his supposed father's feud with his uncle Hermann Billung, was captured in [953] and not included in the general settlement of 954[271].� He was "the outlaw Count Wichman", under whose leadership "the Slavs" (probably the Pomeranians) defeated Mieszko I Prince of Poland twice in 963[272].� Widukind records that "Misacam" and his Bohemian allies defeated the western Pomeranians in 967 and killed their leader Wichman[273].� Emperor Otto inherited Wichmann's land, presumably by confiscation, and divided the inheritance into two parts, one of which he granted to the monastery constructed at L�neburg by Hermann Billung, the other to the abbey "que dicitur Keminada iuxta Wisarum fluvium"[274].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "22 Sep" of "Wichmannus comes et multi aliis occisi"[275].]� same person as�?WICHMANN .� The Notice concerning the foundation of Corvey lists "Wicmannus comes Dungon, Hatuwih comitissa Beverunge, Heremannus Mylenhusen" among the donors to the monastery (undated)[276].� Reading this together with the entry for Graf Amelung and his mother Hathwig, it appears probable that the latter was the wife of Wichmann, that both were parents of Amelung, and that Wichmann was the same person as Wichmann [III], but none of this is certain.� m HATHWIG, daughter of ---.� The Notice concerning the foundation of Corvey lists "Amulung comes Bikethop, Hathuwig mater eius Amulungessen" among the donors to the monastery (undated)[277].� Wichmann & his wife had one child:�

a)         AMELUNG .� The Notice concerning the foundation of Corvey lists "Amulung comes Bikethop, Hathuwig mater eius Amulungessen" among the donors to the monastery (undated)[278].�

2.         [BRUNO ([920/25]-[26 Jan] 976).� Monk at Corvey before 942.� "Bruno Corbeiensis monachus", "cognatus" of Hermann Billung Duke in Saxony, was appointed to succeed Amelung (brother of Hermann Billung) as Bishop of Verden in 962[279].� No direct indication has been found that Bruno was the son of Wichmann [II].� However, the chronology is favorable.� Thietmar records the death of Duke Hermann, father of Bernhard, at Quedlinburg on 1 Apr,� the transportation of his body to L�neburg, and the refusal by Bruno Bishop of Verden (maybe his nephew) to allow his burial in church because of his prior excommunication[280].]�

3.         [EKBERT [I] "der Ein�ugige" ([930/35]-4 Apr 994).� No direct proof has been found that Ekbert [I] was the son of Wichmann [II] but the chronology is favorable.� However, it is clear that he was the brother of Wichmann [III], as Thietmar refers to "Counts Wichmann and Ekbert�brothers" instigating the Slavs to war[281].� His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he was of a similar age to Liudolf, son of Emperor Otto I, when he joined Liudolf's rebellion.� Ekbert lost an eye in a battle for which he blamed Emperor Otto I[282].� "Otto�rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947[283], although Ekbert [I] would have been rather young at that date for this to be the same person.� Thietmar records that "Count Ekbert" joined the rebellion of Liudolf, son of Emperor Otto I[284], dated from other sources to [953/54].� "Otto�imperator augustus" made a donation to St Pantaleon at K�ln of property "insule medietatem in Almere que Urch vocatur�quod Gardolfus iam quondam comes�tenuisse�in comitatu Ekberti comitis" by an undated charter, dated to 966[285].� Thietmar records that "Count Ekbert" was tried for complicity in the rebellion of Heinrich Duke of Bavaria and sent into exile[286], dated to 978.� In a later passage, the same chronicler records that Count Ekbert was present with Duke Heinrich when the latter kidnapped King Otto III and that subsequently the king's sister Adelheid was held at Ekbert's fortress of Ala[287].� Graf im Hastfalagau.� "Otto�rex" donated property "Vvalbisci in comitatu Karoli comitis" to Quedlinburg by charter dated 6 Jan 992, which names as present "Bernhardi ducis, Egberti comitis, Eggihardi marchionis, Herimanni palatini comitis, Huodonis marchionis, Deoderici palatini comitis eiusque fratris Sigeberti comitis, Herimanni comitis"[288], Ekbert's position as second in the list of nobles indicating his importance at the time.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 994 of "Egbertus com"[289].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "4 Apr" of "Ekbert com"[290].� m ---.� The name of Ekbert's wife is not known.]� Ekbert & his wife had [six possible children].� No direct proof has been found that the following are children of Ekbert but this is probable.� That Ekbert had surviving sons is shown by the charter of "Otto tercius�Romanorum imperator augustus" dated 23 Jan 1001 which donates property "castellum Dalehem�in pago Hastfala sive Ambargam in comitatu filiorum Ekbrahti comitis et nepotis nostri" to the church of Hildesheim[291].� The relationship of "nepos" to Emperor Otto III would have been a remote one through Ekbert's supposed mother Friderun, who was the sister of Emperor Otto's paternal great-grandmother.�

a)         [BRUNO ([975/85]-murdered near Niethorp[292] [1010/11][293]).� There is no proof that Bruno von Braunschweig was the son of Ekbert "der Ein�ugige" but this appears probable in view of the names which are common to the two families and also the common references to the Derlingau.� He is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln as the brother of Wichmann [IV] Graf im Duffelgau and Ekbert Graf im Derlingau, while another table shows Wichmann [IV] as son of Ekbert "der Ein�ugige"[294].� His birth date range is estimated from his estimated marriage date.� Bruno founded Braunschweig.� He was a candidate for the German throne in 1002[295] in opposition to Heinrich IV Duke of Bavaria, who was elected as Heinrich II King of Germany.]�

-������� GRAFEN von BRAUNSCHWEIG.�

b)         [AMELUNG (-[21 Sep ----], after 14 Sep [1029]).� No direct proof has been found that Amelung was the son of Ekbert [I] "der Ein�ugige" but he was certainly the brother of Ekbert [II] as shown by the charter dated 1 Jul 1028 of "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" relating to Corvey abbey witnessed by "Bernhardus dux, Adalbero dux, Ernastus dux, Liudulfus comes privignus imperatoris, Hiddi, Amulungus comes et frater eius Ecbertus, Wigger, Gerlo, Uffo, Tiammo, Poppo, Bern, Thiathard, Brun, Gebo"[296].� "�Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht�" witnessed the charter dated 14 Sep (no year) under which "d�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor, the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation[297].� "Amulungo et fratre eius Ekberto" also witnessed a donation of property dated "XVIII Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[298], which suggests that they may have been closely related to Bruno.� Graf 1015/31.� Vogt at Paderborn cathedral.� The necrology of Merseburg records the death "21 Sep" of "Amalog com"[299], although it is not known whether this refers to this Amelung.]�

c)         [EKBERT [II] (-[7 Feb ----], after 24 Jul 1042).� No direct proof has been found that Ekbert [II] was the son of Ekbert [I] "der Ein�ugige" but he was certainly the brother of Amelung as shown by the charter dated 1 Jul 1028 of "Chuonradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" relating to Corvey abbey witnessed by "Bernhardus dux, Adalbero dux, Ernastus dux, Liudulfus comes privignus imperatoris, Hiddi, Amulungus comes et frater eius Ecbertus, Wigger, Gerlo, Uffo, Tiammo, Poppo, Bern, Thiathard, Brun, Gebo"[300].� "Amulungo et fratre eius Ekberto" also witnessed a donation of property dated "XVIII Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[301], which suggests that they may have been closely related to Bruno.� Europ�ische Stammtafeln shows Ekbert as brother of both Wichmann [IV] Graf im Duffelgau and Bruno, founder of Braunschweig[302].� It is not known whether this is based on any sources other than those already cited here.� "Henricus�rex" granted privileges to Kloster St Michaelis at Hildesheim, listing its properties "in pago Astfalo in prefectura Tammonis�in prefectura Liudulfi in pago Flenithi�in pago Scotilingon in prefectura ducis Bernhardi�in prefectura Herimanni comitis in pago Logne�in pago Derningon in prefectura Ekberti�in pago Derningon in prefectura Liudgeri comitis�in pago Flutwidde in prefectura Thammnis�in pago Tilithe in prefectura Bernhardi comitis" to Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim by an undated charter, placed in the collection with other charters dated 1013[303].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "in pago Derelingun in comitatu Ecberti comitis�in villis Abolderstetin" to "Sehart�Herimannus pater illius" by charter dated 24 Jul 1042[304].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "7 Feb" of "Eilika Magni ducis filia"[305].� Although it is not known whether this entry refers to this Ekbert, no other possible Graf Ekbert has been identified.]�

d)         [WICHMANN [IV] (-murdered Upladen 9 Oct 1016, bur Verden).� Wichmann is shown in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[306] as son of Ekbert "der Ein�ugige", although the source on which this is based has not so far been identified.� [Vogt of Metelen 993].� Vogt of Borghorst 999.� Graf in K�nigsdahlum 1001/09.� "Henricus�rex" granted property "Daleheym in pago Amberga in comitatu Wichmanni comitis" to Kloster Gandersheim by charter dated 3 Sep 1009[307].� Alpertus records that, in the conflict between "Wicmannus et Baldericus", Baldric received the support of "Coloniensis sacerdotis itemque Gerhardi Mosellensis, potentis viri" while Wichmann was supported by the king[308].� Thietmar records that "Count Wichmann" intervened to prevent Duke Bernhard being granted the island called Parey after the murder in Nov 1014 of Werner von Walbeck ex-Markgraf der Nordmark[309].� Thietmar records that "Count Wichmann�was killed by a presumptuous serf", in a passage dated to 1016[310].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "9 Oct" of "Vuichmannus comes et occisus"[311].� m ([1006]) ---, daughter of GOTTFRIED Graf von Hattuaria & his wife --- (-18 May ----).� Alpertus refers to "Wicmannus" marrying "pr�fecti Godefridi, avunculi Balderici, filiam", without giving her name; nor is it clear to which Wichmann this refers, apart from it being chronologically impossible for it to have been the same Wichmann whose daughter is recorded in the same passage as marrying "Baldericus" at an earlier date[312].� Wichmann's wife is named "Remmod" in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[313] but the basis for this is not known.]� Wichmann [IV] & his wife had one son:�

i)          son (-after Oct 1016).� Thietmar refers to the minor son of "Count Wichmann " after the murder of his father, specifying that Duke Bernhard "was the rightful guardian�and also of his entire inheritance"[314].� same person as�?BRUNO (-after 14 Sep [1029]).� "Amulungo et fratre eius Ekberto" witnessed a donation of property dated "18 Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[315], which suggests that the three may have been closely related.� The unnamed son of Wichmann [III] is one of the possibilities.� m IDA, daughter of [THIETMAR & his wife ---].� "D�s�Brun cum nepte sua Id�" donated property to the church of Sts Maria, Kilian and Libor by charter dated 14 Sep (no year), the same document recording that "post quinquennium obitu imperatoris secundi Heinrici" [1029/30] "predicta Ida cum viro suo Brunone" withdrew the donation, witnessed by "Bernhardus dux, Heriman comes et filii eius, Henric, Conrad, Adalbracht, Bernhard, Ekkica comes de Aslan, Bernhard comes, Erp comes, Tiedric comes Fresonie, Widukin comes, Amulungo comes et frater eius Ekbracht, Ekkica comes�Tiamma comes et frater eius"[316].� "Amulungo et fratre eius Ekberto" witnessed a donation of property dated "18 Kal Oct [1029]" by "Brun comes cum uxore sua Ida"[317].�

e)         [GERTRUD (-after 1018).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Godescalcum Ekkihardi comitis filium" when recording his separation in 1018 from "Gertrudam filiam comitis Ekkiberti"[318].� m (separated 1018) GOTTESCHALK, son of Graf EKKEHARD & his wife Mathilde ---.]�

f)          [GERBERGA .� The Vita Godefridi comitis Capenbergensis names "filia Gerberga [comitis Egeberti] abbatissa"[319], although it is not known to which abbey this refers.]�

4.         [HEDWIG [Hathui] (939-9 Jul 1014, bur Quedlinburg Klosterkirche).� Thietmar names "Hathui�niece of Queen Mathilde", records her marriage to "Siegfried son of Markgraf Gero" when aged 13, and that she became a nun after her husband's death[320].� There is no proof that she was the daughter of Wichmann [II] but the latter's wife is the most likely of the sisters of Queen Mathilde who could have been Hedwig's mother.� It should also be noted that Thietmar records the death of "my cousin Mathilde" on 28 Apr 1014, noting that "she had long resided at Gernrode with Abbess Hathui to whom she was related by blood"[321].� If Hathui was the daughter of Wichmann [II], she would have been the first cousin of Mathilde's supposed father Duke Bernhard.� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names "Hetwigam" as widow of "Gero filium unicum Sifridum"[322] but gives no indication about her origin.� Abbess of Gernrode 959.� Abbess of Vreden.� m (952) SIEGFRIED, son of GERO I Markgraf der s�chsischen Ostmark & his wife Judith --- (-[959]).]�

 

 

 

B.����� DUKES in SAXONY 973-1106

 

 

BERNHARD Billung, son of HERMANN Billung dux in Saxony & his [first/second] wife [Oda ---/Hildesuit---] (-Corvey 9 Feb 1011, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� The Annalista Saxo names (in order) "Bennonis ducis, qui et Bernhardus et Liudigeri comitis et Machtildis comitisse" as brothers and sister of "domna Suanehildis [filia] Herimanni ducis de Liuniburh"[323].� He succeeded as BERNHARD I Herzog in Sachsen.� Adam of Bremen names "dux Benno et Sigafridus marchio" when recording their victory against the Vikings at Stade[324].� The passage is undated but adjacent paragraphs suggest that it relates to an incident in the late 908s/early 990s.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 1011 of "Berinhart dux"[325].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "9 Feb" of "Bernhardus dux"[326].� The Vita Meinwerci records the death "Id Feb" of "Bernhardus dux Saxonicus, filius Herimanni ducis"[327].�

m ([990]) HILDEGARDE von Stade, daughter of HEINRICH [I] "dem Kahlen" Graf von Stade [Nordmark] & his second wife Hildegard [von Reinhausen] ([974/77]-3 Oct 1011, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� The primary source which confirms Hildegarde's parentage and her marriage has not so far been identified.� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "3 Oct" of "Hildegarth ducissa"[328].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name and origin of Duke Bernhard's mistress are not known.�

Duke Bernhard I & his wife had [five] children:�

1.         HERMANN (-young).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.�

2.         BERNHARD (after 990-29 Jun 1059, bur L�neburg St Michael).� The Annalista Saxo names "duce Bernhardo, filius eius Bernhardus" when recording his succession to his father in 1011 as BERNHARD II Herzog in Sachsen[329].� As "Bernard Duke of Westfalia", he signed the 1013 document of Heinrich II King of Germany under which the king renewed his settlement of a dispute over Gandersheim, listed first among the lay signatories[330].� The Annalista Saxon records that he rebelled against Emperor Heinrich in 1020, captured "Scalkesburh", but withdrew and was restored to his properties after the intercession of the empress[331].� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" renewed the privileges of Kloster Fulda by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated 1020, witnessed by "Godifridi ducis, Berinhardi ducis, Thiederici ducis, Welphonis comitis, Cunonis comitis, Kunrati comitis, Ottonis comitis, Adilbrahtis comitis, Bobonis comitis, Friderici comitis, Bezilini comitis, Ezonis comitis palatini"[332], the order of witnesses presumably giving some idea of the relative importance of these named nobles at the court of Emperor Heinrich II at the time.� Adam of Bremen records the death in 1059 of "Bernardus Saxonum dux"[333].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "29 Jun" of "Bernhardus dux"[334].� m ([1020]) EILIKA von Schweinfurt, daughter of HEINRICH von Schweinfurt Markgraf der Nordgau & his wife Gerberga [von Hammerstein] ([1000]-10 Dec after [1055/56]).� The Annalista Saxo names "Eilica�filia marchionis Heinrici de Suinvorde" as wife of "Bernhardus iunior"[335].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "10 Dec" of "Eila ducissa"[336].� Duke Bernhard II & his wife had five children:�

a)         ORDULF [Otto] ([1020]-28 Mar 1072, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� The Annalista Saxo names "Odulfum ducem et Herimannum comitem" as the two sons of Duke Bernhard & his wife, when recording that he succeeded his father in 1059 as ORDULF Herzog von Sachsen[337].�

-������� see below.�

b)         HERMANN (-1086).� The Annalista Saxo names "Odulfum ducem et Herimannum comitem" as the two sons of Duke Bernhard & his wife, specifying that the latter died "sine legitimis liberis"[338].� In a later passage it records the death in 1086 of "Herimannus comes, patruus Magni ducis, sine legitimis liberis"[339].� Graf 1059/80.

c)         GERTRUD of Saxony (Schweinfurt [1028]-Veurne 4 Aug 1113, bur Veurne).� The Genealogica Comitum Flandri� Bertiniana names "filiam Bernardi Saxonum comitis Gertrudem" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "viduam Florentii comitis Fresonum"[340].� The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Floris and "Gertrudim filiam Hermanni ducis Saxonum"[341], "Hermanni" being an error for "Bernardi" as the former would be impossible chronologically.� "Gertrudis" is named as wife of "Roberti Frisonis" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin, which does not give her origin[342].� The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem�uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[343].� The Annales Egmundani specify that Robert acquired the "comitatum Hollandi� et Fresi�" by marrying Gertrud[344].� [The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XV Kal Aug" of "Gertrudis comitissa"[345].� It is uncertain whether this entry relates to the widow of Count Floris and Count Robert.]� Beke's Egmondsch Necrologium records the death "IV die Aug" of "Gheertrudis�" and her burial in Flanders[346].� [A manuscript catalogue of benefactors to Eversham monastery records the death �1 aprilis� 1113 of �Robertus Hierosolymitanus...Gertrudis mater eius[347].� The accuracy of this source is unknown.� The latest date recorded is 1629, but it is not known whether the document represents a later compilation based on earlier sources.]� m firstly ([1050]) FLORIS I Count of Holland, son of DIRK III Count of Holland & his wife Othelindis [von Haldensleben-Nordmark] ([1010/21]- Hamerth 28 Jun 1061, bur Egmond).� m secondly (1063) ROBERT de Flandre, son of� BAUDOUIN V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France ([1035]-13 Oct 1093).� Count of Holland 1062-1071, during the minority of his stepson.� He succeeded his nephew 1071 as ROBERT I "le Frison" Count of Flanders.�

d)         [HEDWIG (-1 Jun [after 1100]).� The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem�uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[348].� It is not certain to whom "Angelberti marchionis" refers, but it is possible that it is Engelbert [I] Graf von Sponheim whose father was Markgraf.� It is not certain to whom "Angelberti marchionis" refers, but it is possible that it is Engelbert [I] Graf von Sponheim whose father was Markgraf.� Wegener points out that a Saxon origin for Engelbert is consistent with the introduction of the names Bernhard and Heinrich into the family of the Grafen von Sponheim[349].� However, if she was the daughter of Duke Bernhard, she must have been born in the range [1020/40].� This seems early in light of the known career dates of Engelbert [I]'s children.� Engelbert's wife is named "Hadwich cometissa Engelberti relicta" in the Fundatio Sancti Pauli in Carinthia[350].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "Kal Jun" of "Hadewich coma"[351].� m ENGELBERT [I] Graf von Sponheim und im Pustertal, son of SIEGFRIED Graf von Sponheim und im Pustertal ex-Markgraf & his wife Richgard [Sieghardinger] (-1 Apr 1096).]�

e)         IDA (-31 Jul 1102, bur Namur).� The Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi names "Idam Namucensem�uxorem Angelberti marchionis et Gertrudem comitissam Flandrensem" as children of "Bernardum"[352].� "Ida" is named as wife of "Albertus comes Namucensis" in the Chronicon Sancti Huberti, which specifies that "prius fuerat uxor ducis Frederici", but her origin is not given[353].� On her marriage, she brought her husband extensive lands north-east of Bouillon which later formed the county of Laroche[354].� According to the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, her husband's claim to Bouillon was through the property brought by his wife[355].� The necrology of Brogne records the death "II Kal Aug" of "Ida comitissa Namurcensis"[356].� m firstly as his second wife, FREDERIC II Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Vogt of Stablo and Malm�dy, son of FRIEDRICH Graf im Moselgau, Vogt of Stablo and Malm�dy [Luxembourg] & his wife �[-- von Hammerstein] [Konradiner] (-28 Aug 1065, bur Stablo).� m secondly ([1065/66]) ALBERT III Comte de Namur, son of ALBERT II Comte de Namur & his wife Regilindis of Lower Lotharingia (before 10 Aug 1035-22 Jun 1102).

3.         THIETMAR (-killed in battle P�hlde 1 Oct 1048).� The Vita Meinwerci names "Thietmarus senior frater Bernhardi ducis Saxonie" when recording his donation to Paderborn, stating that his brother Bernhard was his heir, witnessed by "Udone, Herimanno, Bernhardo, Liudero comitibus"[357].� Thietmar names "Thietmar, Duke Bernhard's brother" when recording that he despoiled Meinwerk Bishop of Paderborn[358].� "Thietmarus comes" is named brother of Bernhard in the Annalista Saxo, which records that he was killed in a duel at the court of Emperor Heinrich[359].� m ---.� The name of Thietmar's wife is not known.� Thietmar & his wife had one child:�

a)         THIETMAR .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not so far been identified.� Outlaw 1053.

4.         GODESDIN (-30 Jun after 1040).� "Abbess Godesti" is named sister of Duke Bernhard by Thietmar[360].� [Abbess of Metelen 993].� Abbess of Herford 1002-1040.� She founded the Abbey of Herford 2 Jun 1011.�

5.         [MATHILDE (-Gernrode 28 Apr 1014).� Thietmar records the death of "my cousin Mathilde" on 28 Apr 1014, noting that "she had long resided at Gernrode with Abbess Hathui to whom she was related by blood"[361].� There is no direct proof that Mathilde was the daughter of Duke Bernhard I.� However, Duke Bernhard's children are the only cousins of Thietmar who appear to have been related to Hathui, who as shown above was probably the daughter of Wichmann [I].]�

Duke Bernhard I & Mistress (1) had one illegitimate daughter:�

6.          EMMA .� "Otto�rex" gave property "Hedun in pago Hedergo et in comitatu Hoiconis comitis" to "Imme sanctimoniali fili� Bernhardi ducis" by charter dated 26 Oct 995[362].� This date appears early for Emma to have been Duke Bernhard's legitimate daughter by his marriage.� It is therefore assumed that she was illegitimate.�

 

 

ORDULF [Otto], son of BERNHARD II Duke in Saxony [Billung] & his wife Eilika von Schweinfurt ([1020]-28 Mar 1072, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� The Annalista Saxo names "Odulfum ducem et Herimannum comitem" as the two sons of Duke Bernhard & his wife, when recording that he succeeded his father in 1059 as ORDULF Herzog von Sachsen[363].� The Chronica Principum Saxoni� records the death in 1072 of "Ordolfus"[364].� The Annales Rosenveldenses records the death "V Kal Apr" of "Ordulfus dux Saxonum"[365].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "28 Mar" of "Ordulf dux pater M"[366].�

m firstly (Nov 1042) ULFHILD Olavsdatter of Norway, daughter of OLAV II Haraldson King of Norway & his wife Astrid Olofsdottir of Sweden (-24 May 1071).� Adam of Bremen records the betrothal of "soror Magni regis" and "Ordulfo ducis filio" at a meeting in Schleswig between Bernhard Duke of Saxony and Magnus King of Norway[367].� The Annalista Saxo names "Wifhildem�filiam Olaph Nortmannorum regis et martiris" as wife of Duke Ordulf[368].� Morkinskinna names �King Magnus�sister��lfhildr�daughter of King �l�fr� and records her marriage to �a powerful duke named Otto south in Saxony[369].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "24 May" of "Wulfhild ductrix"[370].�

m secondly (1071 after May) as her second husband, GERTRUD von Haldensleben, widow of FRIEDRICH [von Formbach], daughter of KONRAD Graf von Haldensleben [Nordmark] & his wife --- (-21 Feb 1116).� According to the 14th century Genealogia comitum Neuburgensium sive Formbacensium, "Fridericus senioris Tiemonis filius" married "neptem ipsius regis Gertrudem", the king referred to being Heinrich IV King of Germany, and was buried at Formbach[371].� The primary source which confirms her precise parentage has not yet been identified.� She was imprisoned at Mainz in 1076.� The Annalista Saxo records the death in 1116 of "Gertrudis ductrix, avia Liuderi ducis"[372].�

Duke Ordulf & his first wife had one child:

1.         MAGNUS ([1045]-Erthensburg 23 Aug 1106, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� He is named, and his parentage given, in the Annalista Saxo[373].� Morkinskinna names �Magnus� as son of �King Magnus�sister��lfhildr�daughter of King �l�fr� and �a powerful duke named Otto south in Saxony[374].� He participated in the rebellion of Otto von Northeim Duke of Bavaria and was imprisoned by Heinrich IV King of Germany in 1070.� He succeeded his father in 1072 as MAGNUS Herzog von Sachsen although still in captivity[375].� The Annales Rosenveldenses records the death "1106 VIII Kal Sep in Ertheneburg" of "Magnus dux" and his burial "Luneburg in monasterio"[376].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "23 Aug" of "Magnus dux"[377].� m (after 6 Mar 1070[378]) as her second husband, ZS�FIA of Hungary, widow of ULRICH I Marchese di Carniola e Istria, daughter of B�LA I King of Hungary & his wife [Ryksa] of Poland ([1045/50]-18 Jun 1095, bur L�neburg St Michael).� The Annalista Saxo names "sororem Ladizlai regis Ungarie Sophiam" as wife of Ulrich, and in a later passage records her second marriage[379].� The marriage presumably took place soon after the death of her first husband in Mar 1070 as Duke Magnus was imprisoned later in 1070.� Her second marriage is confirmed by the Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis which names "Sophia filia regis Ungarorum Wadreslai" as wife of "Magnus dux"[380], although King L�szl� was her brother not her father.� Zs�fia's second marriage presumably took place soon after the death of her first husband in Mar 1070 as Duke Magnus was imprisoned later in 1070.� The Annalista Saxo records the death of "Sophia quoque ductrix�14 Kal Iunii"[381].� Duke Magnus & his wife had two children:�

a)         WULFHILD ([1075]-Altdorf 29 Dec 1126).� The Annalista Saxo names "Wifhildem et Eilicam" as the two daughters of Duke Magnus & his wife, specifying that Wulfhild married "Heinrico duci, filio Welfi ducis senioris de Bawaria"[382].� The Historia Welforum records that Wulfhild died at Altdorf "decimo sexton die post mortem mariti" and was buried "in monasterio sancti Martini"[383].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "29 Dec" of "Wlfhild ducissa"[384].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "IV Kal Jan" of "Wuolfhildis ducissa hic sepulta"[385].� m HEINRICH, son of WELF I Duke of Bavaria & his [second/third] wife Judith de Flandre ([1074]-Ravensburg 13 Dec 1126, bur Weingarten).� He succeeded his brother in 1120 as HEINRICH IX "der Schwarze" Duke of Bavaria.��

b)         EILIKA ([1075/80]-16 Jan 1143).� The Annalista Saxo names "Wifhildem et Eilicam" as the two daughters of Duke Magnus & his wife, specifying in a later passage that Eilika married "Ottoni comiti de Ballenstide"[386].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "16 Jan" of "Eilika Magni ducis filia"[387].� Betrothed to LOTHAR UDO III Graf von Stade Markgraf der Nordmark, son of LOTHAR UDO II Graf von Stade Markgraf der Nordmark & his wife Oda von Werl ([1070]-2 Jun 1106).� The Annales Stadenses record that "marchio Udo" was proposing to marry "Eilikam filiam Magni ducis" but his intention was diverted in the house of Hilperich Graf von Pl�tzkau to the latter's beautiful sister[388].� m (before [1096/1100]) OTTO "der Reiche" Graf von Ballenstedt, son of ADALBERT Graf von Ballenstedt [Brandenburg] & his wife Adelheid von Weimar (-9 Feb 1123).� He was appointed Duke of Saxony in 1112 by Emperor Heinrich V in opposition to Lothar von S�pplingenberg who had rebelled against the Emperor.�

Duke Ordulf & his second wife had one child:

2.         BERNHARD (1072-L�neburg after falling from his horse 15 Jul ----).� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "15 Jul" of "Bernhardus puer frater Ma ducis"[389].�

 

 

 

 

Chapter 4.��� DUKE of SAXONY 1106-1137, S�PPLINGENBURG

 

A family of minor nobility in Saxony whose county was located in the Harzgau, the adjacent north-eastern foreland of the Harz mountains, centred on their ancestral castle of S�pplingenburg near K�nigslutter.� The choice of Lothar von S�pplingenburg to succeed as Duke of Saxony, after the extinction of the Billung family in the male line in 1106, was presumably designed to limit the growing influence of the two more obvious candidates, Heinrich "der Schwarze" of the Welf dynasty and Otto Graf von Ballenstedt of the Askanian dynasty, the two sons-in-law of the last Billung Duke Magnus.� The plan backfired as Lothar created a powerful new force in Saxon politics.� He expanded his authority through inheritance and conquest.� From his maternal grandmother, Duke Lothar inherited the important county of Haldensleben in the north-eastern Harz, and from his mother-in-law the Brunswick territories.� He extended ducal authority into the frontier area of Nordalbingia, with the help in particular of Adolf von Schauenburg, whom he enfeoffed in 1111 with the county of Holstein-Stormarn to the north and east of Hamburg.� Within a few years, Lothar had effectively transformed himself into the head of a Saxon nation, in 1115 inflicting a severe defeat on the imperial army at Welfesholz near Mansfeld.� He further demonstrated autonomy from imperial control by conferring in 1123 the Markgrafschaft of Lausitz on Albrecht "der B�r" Graf von Ballenstedt and the Markgrafschaft of Meissen on Konrad von Wettin[390].� Duke Lothar rose to such prominence that he was a sufficiently credible candidate to succeed as king of Germany after the death of Emperor Heinrich V in 1125.� After his election as king, Lothar retained the duchy of Saxony which formed itself into the nucleus of the German kingdom.�

 

 

LOTHAR von S�pplingenburg, son of GERHARD von S�pplingenburg Graf im Harzgau & his wife Hedwig von Formbach ([1/8] Jun 1075-Breitenwang am Loch in Tirol 4 Dec 1137, bur K�nigslutter).� He is named as son of Gebhard in the Annalista Saxo[391].� The Not� Genealogic� Bavaric� name "Lotharii regis et Ite comitisse de Purchausen" as children of "Hadewic"[392].� He was invested as LOTHAR Duke of Saxony in 1106 by Heinrich V King of Germany after the death of Magnus Billung Duke of Saxony[393].� Duke Lothar immediately sought to build-up his lordship, and triggered in 1112 the intervention of the emperor to whom he submitted in 1114.� The dispute culminated in the defeat of the imperial army by the Saxons at Welfesholz in 1115[394].� He was elected LOTHAR III King of Germany at Mainz 24 Aug 1125, largely through the man�uvrings of Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz and because he was seen by the German nobility as less of a dynastic threat than his rival Friedrich II Duke of Swabia [Staufen][395].� He was crowned 13 Sep 1125 at Aachen.� In 1130, King Lothar became embroiled in the dispute between rival Popes Anacletus II and Innocent II, in the hope of securing a return to the full right of lay investiture.� He was crowned Emperor at the Lateran in Rome 4 Jun 1133 by Pope Innocent II, as Pope Anacletus II was occupying St Peter's[396].� He installed his son-in-law as administrator of the lands previously held by Matilda Ctss of Tuscany, after conceding papal ownership of them in return for a usufruct[397].� Following Roger II King of Sicily's expulsion of Pope Innocent II from Rome, Emperor Lothar launched an expedition to Italy in 1136.� King Roger offered peace negotiations after the army took Benevento and Bari, but jurisdictional disputes broke out between the emperor and the Pope and the army returned to Germany, Emperor Lothar dying en route[398].� He invested his son-in-law as Duke of Saxony in 1137 shortly before his death[399].�

m (1100) RICHENZA von Northeim, daughter of HEINRICH "der Fette" Graf von Northeim & his wife Gertrud von Braunschweig (-1141).� The Annalista Saxo names "Richenzam postea imperaticem et Gertrudem palatinam comitissam" as the two daughters of Heinrich & his wife Gertrud[400].� The Annalista Saxo names "Richeza ductrix" wife of Lothar, specifying that she gave birth in 1115 during the Easter festival after 15 years of sterility[401].� Heiress to Brunswick, inherited from her mother.�

Duke Lothar & his wife had one child:�

1.         GERTRUD (18 Apr 1115-18 Apr 1143, bur Klosterneuburg).� The Annalista Saxo names "filiam suam [=Lothar] Gertrudem", when recording her marriage in 1127 to "Bawaie duci Heinrico, ducis Heinrici et Wulfilde Magni ducis filio"[402].� The Annales Sancti Disibodi record the marriage "in Penthecosten apud Merseburg" in 1127 of "rex�filiam suam" and "duci Bavariorum"[403].� It is likely that her first marriage was arranged by her father to obtain the decisive Welf vote in his election as king of Germany in 1125[404].� She was heiress to territories in Brunswick, inherited from her maternal grandmother, which she transferred to her son by her first marriage and which became the main domains of the Welf family.� The Annales Mellicenses record the marriage in 1142 of "Marchio Heinricus" and "Gerdrudam, filiam Lotharii imperatoris"[405].� This marriage was agreed as part of the temporary settlement of the dispute between Konrad III King of Germany and the Welf family agreed in 1142[406].� The necrology of Melk records the death "XII Kal May" of "Gerdrut ducissa"[407].� The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death "XII Kal May" of "Gerdrudis ducisse Heinrici ducis Austrie ux"[408].� She died in childbirth.� Arnold's Chronica Slavorum records that "domna Gertrudis" was buried "in castro Nuenburg"[409].� m firstly (Gunzenle 29 May 1127) HEINRICH X Duke of Bavaria, son of HEINRICH IX "der Schwarze" Duke of Bavaria & his wife Wulfhild of Saxony [Billung] (-Quedlinburg 20 Oct 1139, bur K�nigslutter).� Duke of Saxony 1137.� m secondly (1 May 1142) as his first wife, HEINRICH II "Jasomirgott" Markgraf of Austria, son of LEOPOLD III "der Heilige" Markgraf of Austria & his second wife Agnes of Germany [Staufen] (1112-13 Jan 1177, bur Vienna Schottenkloster (-19 Jan 1177, bur Vienna Schottenkloster).� Markgraf Heinrich became Duke of Austria in 1156.

 

 

 

 

Chapter 5.��� DUKES of SAXONY 1137-1138, 1142-1180, WELF

 

HEINRICH, son of HEINRICH IX "der Schwarze" Duke of Bavaria & his wife Wulfhild of Saxony [Billung] ([1108]-Quedlinburg 20 Oct 1139, bur K�nigslutter).� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum inclitum ducem Saxonie et Bawarie et Welfonem et quatuor filias" as children of Duke Heinrich and his wife Wulfhild[410].� He succeeded his father in 1126 as HEINRICH X "der Stolze" Duke of Bavaria.� His father-in-law installed him as administrator of the lands previously held by Matilda Ctss of Tuscany, after conceding papal ownership of them in return for a usufruct[411].� His father-in-law invested him as HEINRICH Duke of Saxony in 1137 shortly before his death.� Although Emperor Lothar had designated Duke Heinrich as his successor, his less powerful rival Konrad von Staufen was elected King in 1137.� Heinrich accepted the result of the election, but demanded enfeoffment with the duchy of Saxony which was refused.� Heinrich was outlawed at the diet of W�rzburg in Jul 1138 and deprived of the duchy of Bavaria at the diet of Goslar in Dec 1138[412].� Heinrich attacked Saxony in early 1139.� Peace was agreed after skirmishes at Creuzburg on the Werra, by which time most of Saxony was controlled by Heinrich although he died before being able to consolidate his position[413].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "20 Oct" of "Heinricus dux"[414].�

m (Gunzenle, near Augsburg 29 May 1127) as her first husband, GERTRUD von S�pplingenburg, daughter of Emperor LOTHAR King of Germany, Duke of Saxony, Graf von S�pplingenburg & his wife Richenza von Northeim (18 Apr 1115-18 Apr 1143, bur Klosterneuburg).� The Historia Welforum names "Gerdrudem�filiam Lotharii imperatoris" as wife of Duke Heinrich[415].� The Annales Sancti Disibodi record the marriage "in Penthecosten apud Merseburg" in 1127 of "rex�filiam suam" and "duci Bavariorum"[416].� It is likely that this marriage was arranged by her father to obtain the decisive Welf vote in his election as king of Germany in 1125[417].� She was heiress to territories in Brunswick, inherited from her maternal grandmother, which she transferred to her son by her first marriage and which became the main domains of the Welf family.� As part of the 1142 agreement which marked a temporary settlement of the dispute between Konrad III King of Germany and the Welf family, Gertrud married secondly (1 May 1142) Heinrich II "Jasomirgott" Markgraf of Austria, who had been installed as Duke of Bavaria[418].� The Annales Mellicenses record the marriage in 1142 of "Marchio Heinricus" and "Gerdrudam, filiam Lotharii imperatoris"[419].� This marriage was agreed as part of the temporary settlement of the dispute between Konrad III King of Germany and the Welf family agreed in 1142[420].� The necrology of Melk records the death "XII Kal May" of "Gerdrut ducissa"[421].� The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death "XII Kal May" of "Gerdrudis ducisse Heinrici ducis Austrie ux"[422].� Arnold's Chronica Slavorum records that "domna Gertrudis" was buried "in castro Nuenburg"[423].� She died in childbirth.�

Duke Heinrich & his wife had [two] children:

1.         HEINRICH ([1129/30]-Braunschweig 6 Aug 1195, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).� His date of birth is calculated from his dying in his 66th year, according to the chronicle of the Steterburg foundation near Wolfenb�ttel[424], Jordan pointing out that the chronicle's author provost Gerhard was close to Heinrich during the last years of his life.� After his father's death the dispute with Konrad III King of Germany over the Welf duchies of Bavaria and Saxony continued.� A temporary settlement was achieved in 1142 when Albrecht "der B�r" relinquished Saxony, which was awarded to Heinrich, who was installed as HEINRICH "der L�we" Duke of Saxony on condition that he formally renounce his claim to the duchy of Bavaria.� He renewed his claim to Bavaria after the death of his mother, whose second marriage had been arranged as part of the settlement of the issue in 1142.� "Henricus dux Saxonie" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Bursfeld, founded by "comes Henricus filius Ottonis ducis, proavus meus", by charter dated 23 Jul 1144[425].� After a lengthy dispute with Albrecht "der B�r" Markgraf von Brandenburg over the inheritance of the counts of Pl�tzkau and Hermann von Winzenburg, Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany assigned the Pl�tzkauer inheritance to Markgraf Albrecht and the Winzenburger inheritance to Duke Heinrich at the diet of W�rzburg in Oct 1153[426].� In order to terminate the longstanding dispute between the German kings and the Welf family, Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany deprived Heinrich "Jasomirgott" Markgraf of Austria of the duchy of Bavaria in favour of Duke Heinrich in 1156[427].� The latter was installed as HEINRICH XII Duke of Bavaria, although he spent much less time in Bavaria than in Saxony[428], presumably because of Bavaria's greater internal administrative unity which demanded less oversight than Saxony.� In 1158, he exchanged some territories with Emperor Friedrich I, receiving land in the southern Harz for the domains which he had received as dowry on his first marriage[429].� From 1166 to 1170, the rebellion of the league of princes severely disrupted the administration of Saxony.� Heinrich Duke of Bavaria and Saxony donated property to the church "sancte Marie�in Ourenkierken", with the consent of "heredis nostri�filie nostre Gerthrudis", by charter dated 3 Aug 1171[430].� Duke Heinrich made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1172 but refused the invitation of Amaury I King of Jerusalem to fight[431].� He lost the duchies of Saxony and Bavaria in 1180, but retained his mother's inheritance of Brunswick where he established his court.� He was tried in absentia at Worms in Jan 1179 for having expelled Ulrich Bishop of Halberstadt, and outlawed.� Heinrich was dispossessed of his properties in summer 1180.� He submitted at the general assembly at Erfurt in Nov 1181, was restored to his allodial lands around Brunswick and L�neburg, but was exiled for three years.� He left with his wife in Jul 1182 and sought refuge with his father-in-law first in Normandy, later in England, before returning to Germany in 1185[432].� "Heinricus dux de Brunswic�" witnessed the charter dated 1186 under which Konrad [I] Archbishop of Mainz confirmed property of Tettenborn church[433].� When Emperor Friedrich I was preparing to leave on crusade in late 1189, Heinrich refused to accompany him and chose exile in England once more[434].� He returned to Germany in Oct 1189 after the death of his wife.� He destroyed Bardowick, captured L�beck and Lauenburg, and attracted Hamburg to his support.� Heinrich VI King of Germany appealed for help against Duke Heinrich at a diet at Merseburg in Oct 1189, unsuccessfully besieged Brunswick, but sacked Hannover.� King Heinrich made a peace settlement with Duke Heinrich at Fulda in Jul 1190[435].� Heinrich failed to observe the terms of the peace agreement.� Although the Saxon princes assembled troops led by Wichmann Archbishop of Magdeburg, a truce was agreed[436].� Duke Heinrich and Emperor Heinrich V were finally reconciled in Mar 1194 at Tilleda on the Kyffh�user mountain, when the former was reconfirmed in his allodial possessions and agreed to take part in the imperial campaign in Italy later that year[437].� The Chronicon Montis Serreni records the death in 1195 of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" and his burial "in mon. sancti Blasii iuxta uxorem"[438].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "6 Aug" of "Heinricus dux"[439].� m firstly ([1148/49], divorced Konstanz 23 Nov 1162) as her first husband, KLEMENTIA von Z�hringen, daughter of KONRAD Herzog von Z�hringen & his wife Cl�mence de Namur (-[1173/75]).� The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "filiam ducis Zaringie, Clementiam" as wife of "Heinricus dux"[440].� Heiress of Badenweiler, although her first husband sold these Swabian estates to Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany in 1158, receiving in exchange Herzberg, Scharzfels and P�hlde south of the Harz[441].� Her first marriage was arranged to confirm her father's alliance with the Welf party in southern Germany[442].� The Annales Palidenses record the repudiation by "Heinricus dux" of his first wife "Bertoldi ducis Zaringe sorore"[443].� Her first husband repudiated Klementia because of the growing difficulties between her brother Duke Berthold IV and Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa", with whom Duke Heinrich was by then in close alliance[444].� She married secondly (1164) as his third wife, Humbert III Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie.� Her second marriage is confirmed by Ralph de Diceto�s Ymagines Historiarum which record in 1173 the betrothal of �Henricus rex Angli�, Johanni filio suo cognomento sine terra� and [her daughter] �septenni filiam primogenitam Humberti comitis de Moriana...ex relicta Henrici Saxonis ducis[445].� m secondly (betrothed 1165, Minden Cathedral 1 Feb 1168) MATILDA of England, daughter of HENRY II King of England & his wife El�onore Dss d�Aquitaine (Windsor Castle Jun 1156-Brunswick 28 Jun 1189, bur Brunswick Cathedral).� The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Megthildem filiam Henrici regis Anglorum" as second wife of "Heinricus dux"[446].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1156 that �Alienor regina� gave birth to �filiam...Matildem[447].� Ralph de Diceto�s Abbreviationes Chronicorum record in 1167 that �Matildis filia regis� married �Henrico duci Saxonico[448].� The Chronicle of Gervase records the marriage in 1168 of "Matildis filia regis Anglie" and "dux Saxonum Henrico"[449].� Her marriage was arranged as part of the 1165 treaty of alliance between Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany and her father[450].� The Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses record that "ecclesia Sancti Blasii episcopi" was founded in 1173 and in a later passage record the death in 1188 of "domina nostra Mechtildis fundatrix"[451].� The Chronicon Montis Serreni records that "soror Rikardi Regis Anglie" wife of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" was buried "in mon. sancti Blasii"[452].� Mistress (1): [--- von Blieskastel, daughter of GOTTFRIED Graf von Blieskastel & his wife ---] ([1130]-[1190]).� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildem [de Luscelenburch]" as mother of "comitem Folmerum et sorores eius Helvidem, quam habuit comes Gerardus de Reneke dyocesis Herbipolensis et illam qua dux de Bronsviic genuit filiam, que in Sclavia hereditavit"[453], although the Chronicle appears to skip a generation in this account.� The likely birth date of this individual suggests it is unlikely that she was the daughter of Graf Gottfried [I], given the other dates attributed to his children.� Until corroboration of her parentage is found in other sources, the accuracy of Alberic must be considered doubtful.� Jordan clarifies that the name "Ida" attributed to Duke Heinrich's mistress[454] is incorrect, being an error deriving from Origines Guelfic�[455] which, in recopying from the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, miscopied the word "illam" as "Idam"[456].� Duke Heinrich & his first wife had three children:

a)         HEINRICH (-L�neburg 1 Nov ----, bur L�neburg Klosterkirche).� The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis refers to the son of "Heinricus dux" & his first wife as "puerum eiusdem vocabuli [=Heinricus]" specifying that he was buried "ante altare sancta crucis"[457].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "1 Nov" of "Heinricus infans filius H ducis" and specifies that his father Duke Heinrich donated a mill to St Michael at L�neburg in his memory[458].� He died after falling from a table.�

b)         GERTRUD ([1155]-1 Jul 1197, bur W� G�rds Harde).� Heinrich Duke of Bavaria and Saxony donated property to Loccum, with the consent of his daughter Gertrud, by charter dated 1 Feb 1168[459].� Heinrich Duke of Bavaria and Saxony donated property to the church "sancte Marie�in Ourenkierken", with the consent of "heredis nostri�filie nostre Gerthrudis", by charter dated 3 Aug 1171[460].� The Annales Stadenses refers to the betrothal of "Heinricus dux filiam suam" and "Daci� regi" in 1171[461].� Helmold records the marriage of "Heinricus dux Bawarie et Saxonie�[et] domna Clementia�filiam" and "filio Conradi regis"[462].� Helmold records the marriage of "[Heinricus dux Bawarie et Saxonie] filiam suam, viduam Fretherici�principis de Rodenburg" and "rex Danorum�filio suo�designatus�rex" as part of the peace process between Saxony and Denmark[463].� Her second marriage was arranged to seal the renewed peace agreed between her father and Valdemar I King of Denmark in 1171[464].� m firstly (1166) FRIEDRICH IV Duke of Swabia, Graf von Rothenburg, son of KONRAD III King of Germany [Staufer] & his second wife Gertrud von Sulzbach (1145-Rome 19 Aug 1167).� m secondly (Lund Feb 1177) KNUD Valdemarsen of Denmark, son of VALDEMAR I "den Store/the Great" King of Denmark & his wife Sofia --- ([1162]-2 Nov 1202, bur Ringsted).� He succeeded in 1182 as KNUD IV King of Denmark.

c)         RICHENZA (-before 1 Feb 1168).� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "14 Feb" of "Ricinzit infans filia H ducis"[465].� Her betrothal is referred to by Jordan[466], but the primary source on which this is based has not so far been identified.� Betrothed ([1167]) to KNUD Valdemarsen of Denmark, son of VALDEMAR I "den Store/the Great" King of Denmark & his wife Sofia --- ([1162]-2 Nov 1202, bur Ringsted).� He succeeded in 1182 as KNUD IV King of Denmark.�

Duke Heinrich & his second wife had six children:

d)         RICHENZA (1172-13 Jan [1209/10]).� Arnold's Chronica Slavorum names "Rikenzam" as the daughter of Heinrich and his wife Matilda[467].� In 1182, she accompanied her parents into exile, after which she was known as MATHILDE[468]. �It is assumed that this refers to the same daughter, but the question is not beyond all doubt as it is not clear what would have prompted her name change.� Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal of "Willelmus rex Scoti�" and "Matildem filiam Matildis ducissa Saxoni�"[469], although the marriage was not pursued as the Pope refused a dispensation on grounds of consanguinity[470].� Benedict of Peterborough records that "Bela rex Ungarie" sent envoys to the king of England to request the hand in marriage of "Matildem filiam ducis Saxoni�"[471].� Benedict of Peterborough records the marriage in 1189 of "filio h�redi comitis de Pertico" and "Matildam filiam ducis Saxoni�"[472].� "Matildis Perticensis comitissa" founded an anniversary at Chartres Notre-Dame for "Gaufridi olim mariti mei", with the consent of "Thoma filio nostro�et Stephano de Pertico fratre predicti mariti mei", by charter dated Jun 1202[473].� She founded the Abbey of Clairets in 1204.� "Engelrannus de Couciaco comes Perticensis" confirmed donations to Thenailles abbey made by "Radulphi patris nostri", with the consent of "uxoris nostr� comitiss� de Pertico et fratrum nostrorum Thom� iam militis et Roberti", by charter dated 1205[474].� "Ingelrannus de Couciaco dominus de Fara" donated annual payments to F�re, with the consent of "uxoris me� Matildis comitiss� de Pertico et fratrum meorum Thom� et Roberti", by charter dated 1207[475].� The necrology of the Abbaye des Clairets records the death "Id Jan" of "Mathildis comitissa fundatrix Claretorum"[476].� Betrothed (1184) to WILLIAM "the Lion" King of Scotland, son of HENRY of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne (1143-Stirling 4 Dec 1214, bur Arbroath Abbey).� m firstly (Rouen 1189) as his second wife, GEOFFROY [III] Comte du Perche, son of ROTROU [II] Comte du Perche & his wife Mathilde de Blois (-27 Mar or 5 Apr 1202).� m secondly (1204) as his second wife, ENGUERRAND [III] Seigneur de Coucy, son of RAOUL [I] Seigneur de Coucy et de Marle & his second wife Alix de Dreux [Capet] (-1243).�

e)         HEINRICH ([1173/74]-Braunschweig 28 Apr 1227, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names (in order) "Heinricum comitem Palatinum Reni, Othonem imperatorem, Willehelmus de Luneburch, Luderum" as children of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" & his wife "soror Rikardi regis Anglie"[477].� Heinrich accompanied his parents to England in 1182[478].� He campaigned with Heinrich VI King of Germany in Italy in 1190, but deserted in southern Italy and was outlawed at Worms in May 1192[479].� He was restored to favour by the emperor in Jan 1194 at W�rzburg following his marriage[480].� He succeeded in 1195 as HEINRICH I Pfalzgraf bei Rhein.� Vogt of Gotzlar 1204.� Deposed 1212.� Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg 1213.�

-������� PALATINATE.�

f)          LOTHAR ([1174/75]-Augsburg 15 Oct 1190, bur Augsburg St Afra).� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names (in order) "Heinricum comitem Palatinum Reni, Othonem imperatorem, Willehelmus de Luneburch, Luderum" as children of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" & his wife "soror Rikardi regis Anglie", specifying that Lothar died in adolescence[481].� The Not� Sancti Blasii name "Luderum" as son of "dominus Hincricus Leo [et]�Mechtildem filiam regis Anglie" but specifies he died "puer" in 1177[482], which is inconsistent with the other recorded details about his life unless this refers to another son named Lothar.� He remained in Saxony when his parents went to England in 1182[483].� He was given as hostage to Heinrich VI King of Germany to guarantee his father's performance of the peace terms agreed at Fulda in Jul 1190[484].� He died while still a hostage.� The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Luderum" as [second] son of "Heinricus dux" specifying that he was given as a hostage to "inperatori Henrico" and died and was buried at Augsburg[485].� The Liber Anniversariorum of Augsburg churches records the death "Id Oct" of "Liuther filius ducis Saxonie"[486].�

g)         OTTO (Normandie [1176/77]-Harzburg 19 May 1218, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names (in order) "Heinricum comitem Palatinum Reni, Othonem imperatorem, Willehelmus de Luneburch, Luderum" as children of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" & his wife "soror Rikardi regis Anglie"[487].� He accompanied his parents to England in 1182[488].� He was brought up at the English court.� He may have been granted the comitatus of York by his uncle Richard I King of England 1190, although the Complete Peerage says that the only authority for this is Roger �de Hoveden�, that the grant of a comitatus did not in itself create an earldom unless the recipient was already of comital rank, and that no record has been found of Otto�s creation or investiture as Earl of York[489].� He and his brother William were given to Emperor Heinrich VI as hostages in 1194 in return for the release of King Richard[490].� He was released later in 1194 and rejoined the English� king[491].� He was installed by King Richard as Comte de Poitou in 1196, maybe exchanging the comitatus of York for this.� With the support in particular of Richard I King of England, and later that of Adolf Archbishop of K�ln, he was elected OTTO IV King of Germany 9 Jun 1198, crowned at Aachen 12 Jul 1198, at which time King Richard I took back Poitou[492].� However, with the death of King Richard in 1199, he lost his main supporter and was unable to maintain his position against his rival Philipp von Hohenstaufen who had been elected king in Mar 1198.� Although also supported by Pope Innocent III, to whom Otto promised support relating to Sicily, he was unable to gain backing in Germany.� Otto is said to have sent his two brothers to his uncle King John in 1200 to claim both York and Poitou, unsuccessfully[493].� After the murder of King Philipp in 1208, Otto became the agreed candidate of the German princes and was elected king again at Frankfurt 11 Nov 1208[494].� He was crowned Emperor at Rome 4 Oct 1209.� After his election, he opposed Pope Innocent III in Italy, intending to conquer Sicily.� He was forced to return to Germany in early 1212 because of growing opposition led by the Archbishop of Mainz, the king of Bohemia and the Landgraf of Thuringia[495].� The opposition focussed around Friedrich von Hohenstaufen King of Sicily, who was elected king of Germany at Frankfurt 5 Dec 1212 and crowned at Mainz later the same month.� Friedrich forced Otto's retreat from Thuringia and Meissen, and Otto was defeated 27 Jul 1214 at Bouvines by Philippe II "Auguste" King of France[496].� After the second coronation of Friedrich II at Aachen in Jul 1215, Otto fled from K�ln[497].� The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in May 1218 of "Otto quartus Romanorum imperator filius Hinrici ducis Saxonie"[498].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death "1217 XIII Kal Iun" of "Otto imperator"[499].� m firstly (Nordhausen 23 Jul 1212) BEATRIX von Staufen, daughter of PHILIPP King of Germany Duke of Swabia & his wife Maria [Eirene] Angelina ([1198]-11 Aug 1212, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).� The Annales Marbacenses record that one of the four daughters of King Philipp (first in the list) married "Ottoni postea imperatoris", having been betrothed first to "palatino de Witilisbach" but that she died young[500].� Her betrothal with Otto von Wittelsbach was ended to enable her betrothal with a nephew of Pope Innocent III, being negotiated in Rome as part of the settlement arrangements with her father's rival Otto of Brunswick[501].� The Annales Stadenses record the betrothal of "rex Otto" and "regis Philippi filia" in 1208[502].� The Chronic� Regi� Coloniensis record the marriage in 1212 "circa festum sancta Margarete�apud Northusin" of "imperator" and "filiam regis Philippi" and that the bride died ten days later[503].� The Continuatio Admuntensis records the marriage of "filiam Philippi" and "Otto rex", but does not name her[504].� The Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii records the death in Aug 1212 of "Beatrix imperatrix uxor domini Ottonis Romanorum imperatoris quarti"[505].� m secondly (Maastricht 19 May 1214) MARIE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI I Duke of Brabant & his first wife Mathilde de Flandre ([1191]-[9 Mar/14 Jun] 1260, bur Louvain, �glise coll�giale de Saint Pierre).� The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records that "Henricus dux Brabancie�filiam suam Ottoni in uxorem dare promisit"[506].� The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Mariam, conthoralem Ottonis Quartus Romanorum imperatoris, Aleydam comitssam Auernie, Margaretam comitissam Gerardi comitis Ghelrie et Mechteldim, primo quidem comitissam Palatinam Rheni, postea�comitissam Hollandie" as the daughters of "Henricus�primus, dux Lotharingie" and his wife "Mechteldim, filiam Mathei Boloniensis comitis"[507].� The Chronic� Regi� Coloniensis record the marriage in 1214 of "Otto imperator" and "filiam ducis Brabantie"[508].� The Genealogia Ducum Brabanti� Heredum Franci� names "Maria imperatrix Romanorum" as the eldest of the four daughters of "Henricus dux" and his wife Mathilde[509].� She married secondly (Jul 1220) Willem I Count of Holland.� The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records that Count Willem married secondly "Mariam", but does not state her origin[510].� The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that Marie was buried "Lovanii�in ecclesia Sancti Petri" with her husband[511].�

h)         son (Argentan [Jul/Dec] 1182-young).� The primary source which confirms his existence has not so far been identified.�

i)          WILHELM "der Dicke" (Winchester [Jul] 1184-12 Dec 1213, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names (in order) "Heinricum comitem Palatinum Reni, Othonem imperatorem, Willehelmus de Luneburch, Luderum" as children of "Heinricus dux de Bruneswich" & his wife "soror Rikardi regis Anglie"[512].� The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "Willehelmus" as fourth son of "Heinricus dux" specifying that he was born in England, and was buried "in medio monasterio"[513].� Herzog von L�neburg.�

-������� DUKES of BRUNSWICK.�

Duke Heinrich had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):�

j)           MATHILDE (before 1164-before 1219).� The Annales Stadenses refers to the wife of "Borewini" as "filiam�naturalem [ducis Henrici]"[514].Arnold's Chronica Slavorum names "filiam Heinrici ducis�Mechthildam" as the wife of "Burvinus filius Pribizlavi"[515].� Her marriage was arranged in furtherance of the alliance agreed between Heinrich "der L�we" Duke of Saxony after he enfeoffed Heinrich Borwin's father in 1167[516].� m (before 30 Dec 1178) as his first wife, HEINRICH BORWIN I F�rst von Mecklenburg, son of PRIBISLAW F�rst von Mecklenburg & his wife Woizlawa --- ([1150]-28 Jan 1227).

2.         [KUNIGUNDE (-2 Oct [1140/47], bur Ottobeuren).� She was "from another marriage" according to Europ�ische Stammtafeln[517].� The chronology appears unfavourable for Kunigunde to have been a daughter of Heinrich "der Stolze" Duke of Saxony, assuming that her marriage shown here is correct.� The primary source on which the speculation is based has not been identified.� The necrology of Ottenbeuren records the death "VI Non Oct" of "Cunigunt de Rumesperc"[518].� m GOTTFRIED [I] Graf von Ronsberg Vogt von Ottobeuren, son of RUPERT von Ursin & his wife Irmingart --- (-3 Apr [1168/72], bur Ottobeuren).]�

 

 

 

 

Chapter 6.��� PFALZGRAFEN von SACHSEN 966-1130

 

 

 

A.����� PFALZGRAFEN [in SACHSEN] 966-1047

 

 

BERN [Athelbero], son of --- (-982).� Pfalzgraf [in Sachsen], Vogt von Hilwartshausen 965.� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "in villa Gemmet in comitatu Bernonis comitis" to Kloster Hilwartshausen by charter dated 11 Apr 970[519].� Graf im Hessen- und Liesgau.� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death in 982 of "Bern com"[520].�

m ---.� The name of Bern's wife is not known.�

Pfalzgraf Bern & his wife had three children:�

1.         daughter .� Her parentage is confirmed by Thietmar who names her son "puer Bernwardus claro nostra gentis sanguine ex filia Athelberonis palatini comitis"[521].� m ---.� Four children:�

a)         BERNWART (-Hildesheim 20 Nov 1022, bur Hildesheim St Michael).� He is named "puer Bernwardus claro nostra gentis sanguine ex filia Athelberonis palatini comitis" by Thankmar[522].� Chaplain at the royal court 987.� Bishop of Hildesheim 993.�

b)         THAMMO [Thankmar] (-after 1001).� Thankmar names "frater quippe Bernwaldus episcopi Tammo comes", specifying that he was sent to Paterno by the emperor[523].� Graf in Astfala und Hessengau.�

c)         THIETBURG .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.�

d)         JUDITH .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� Abbess of Ringelheim.�

2.         VOLKMAR [Poppo] (-10 Dec 990, bur Utrecht St Martin).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Imperial Chancellor 975.� Bishop of Utrecht 976.�

3.         ROTGARDIS (-15 Dec 1006).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� Abbess of Hilwartshausen.�

 

 

1.         DIETRICH, son of [Graf WALDERED & his wife Bertha ---] (-[6 Mar] 995).� Pfalzgraf in Sachsen 992.� "Otto�rex" donated property "Vvalbisci in comitatu Karoli comitis" to Quedlinburg by charter dated 6 Jan 992, which names as present "Bernhardi ducis, Egberti comitis, Eggihardi marchionis, Herimanni palatini comitis, Huodonis marchionis, Deoderici palatini comitis eiusque fratris Sigeberti comitis, Herimanni comitis"[524].� Thietmar records the deaths of "the count Palatine Dietrich and his brother Siegbert" in the same year in which Heinrich II Duke of Bavaria died (995)[525].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "6 Mar" of "Thiedrich com"[526].�

 

 

1.         FRIEDRICH, son of --- (-[Jul 1002/15 Mar 1003]).� Pfalzgraf 995/996.� Graf im Harz und Nordthuringau.�

 

 

1.         BURKHARD, son of --- (-after Nov 1017).� Graf im Hassegau 991/1017.� Pfalzgraf [in Sachsen] 1003.� Graf von Merseburg 1004.� Thietmar records that Heinrich II King of Germany conceded comital rights over Merseburg to "Burchard" after the death of Count Esiko[527].� "�Burghardus comes palatinus" was among the witnesses of the charter dated 1013 under which "Henricus�imperator augustus" renewed his 1007 judgment concerning a dispute between Willigis Archbishop of Mainz and Bernward Bishop of Hildesheim, signing third immediately after the Saxon and Swabian dukes[528].�

 

 

1.         ---.� m UOTA, daughter of --- (-after 26 Sep 1045).� The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.�� Two children:�

a)         SIEGFRIED (-25 Apr 1038, bur Wimmelburg).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Graf 1021.� Pfalzgraf [in Sachsen] 1028.� According to Thietmar, Siegfried was related to Thankmar, son of Heinrich I King of Germany[529], although this relationship has not been traced.� The Annalista Saxo records the death "VII Kal Mai" of "Sigifridus palatinus comes frater Brunonis Mindensis episcopi" and his burial "in Wimidiburh"[530].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "25 Apr" of "Sigifrithus com"[531].�

b)         BRUNO (-10 Feb 1055, bur Minden St Mauritz).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Canon at Magdenburg Cathedral before 1036.� Bishop of Minden 1037.�

 

 

1.         WILHELM [IV] von Weimar, son of WILHELM [III] Graf von Weimar & his second wife Oda der Ostmark (-1062).� The Annalista Saxo names "Willehelmus marchiam" and his father "Willehelmus comes de Wimmare", when recording the former's appointment as Markgraf von Meissen[532].� He succeeded as Graf von Weimar.� [Pfalzgraf von Sachsen 1042].� He succeeded in 1047 as WILHELM Markgraf von Meissen.� Graf von Merseburg 1062.

 

 

 

B.����� PFALZGRAFEN von SACHSEN (von GOSECK, von PUTELENDORF)

 

 

FRIEDRICH von Goseck, son of --- (-[1042]).� Pfalzgraf von Sachsen 1040.� Graf im Hassegau.�

Children:�

1.         other children: see SAXONY NOBILITY.�

2.         DEDO von Goseck (-killed in battle P�hlde 5 May 1056, bur Goslar[533]).� The Annalista Saxo names "Dedum et Fridericum palatinos comes" as brothers of Adalbert Archbishop of Bremen[534].� Pfalzgraf 1042-1044.�

3.         FRIEDRICH [II] von Goseck (-Barby 27 May 1088, bur Goseck).� The Annalista Saxo names "Dedum et Fridericum palatinos comes" as brothers of Adalbert Archbishop of Bremen[535].� The Chronicon Gozecense records that "Fridericum abbati Fuldensi N, nepoti scilicet suo, nutriendum commendavit"[536].� He succeeded his brother as Pfalzgraf in 1056[537].� "Heinricus�rex" granted the right to a market to "Friderici palatini comitis in loco hereditatis sue Sulza in pago Turinga in comitatum autem Ottonis marchionis" by charter dated 5 Dec 1064[538].� He was banished to Pavia in 1075[539].� The Chronicon Gozecense records the death "1088 6 Kal Iunii" of "senior palatinus Fridericus" and his burial in Goseck monastery[540].� One child:���

a)         FRIEDRICH [III] von Goseck (-murdered near Scheiplitz 5 Feb 1085, bur Goseck).� The Annalista Saxo names "palatinus comes Fridericus" as son of Friedrich [II], when recording that he was murdered by "Lodewicus comes de Thuringia"[541].� The Chronicon Gozecense records that "iunior palatinus Fridericus" was murdered "1085 Non Feb" by "duo fratres Theodericus et Udalricus de Deidenlibe, et Reinhardus de Runenstide" and buried in Goseck� monastery[542].� Children:�

i)          FRIEDRICH [IV] von Putelendorf (posthumously 1085 after 5 Feb-Dingelstedt [26 Jun] 1125, bur Halberstadt).� The Chronicon Gozecense records the birth of a posthumous son to "domina Adelheit palatine�quem ex nomine patris Fridericum appellavit"[543].� He is named son of "palatinus comes Fridericus" & his wife in the Annalista Saxo, specifying that he was born posthumously[544].� He was imprisoned by Heinrich V King of Germany 1112/14.� Pfalzgraf 1114.� The Annalista Saxo records the death in 1125 of "Fridericus filius Friderici palatine comitis"[545].� The Chronicon Gozecense specifies that he died "apud Thiggelstede" and was buried in Halberstadt[546].� Children:�

-�������� SAXONY NOBILITY.�

 

 

 

C.����� PFALGRAFEN von SACHSEN (von SOMMERSCHENBURG)

 

 

1.         FRIEDRICH [I] von Sommerschenburg, son of ADALBERT [Sevecco] von Sommerschenburg & his wife Ouda [Hilaria] von Goseck (-[18 Oct 1120/1121]).� He is named son of "Adalbertus Scucco" & his wife, sister of Pfalzgraf Friedrich, in the Annalista Saxo, which specifies that Friedrich succeeded his maternal uncle as Pfalzgraf[547].� Pfalzgraf in Sachsen 1097.� The Chronicon Gozecense names "comes Fridericus palatini de Sumersenburch" as son of "Ouda"[548].� The Genealogica Wettinensis names "Fridericum comitem palatinum" as son of "Adelbertus quidam nobilis cognominatus Seveke de Sumerschenburc" & his wife Oda[549].� The documents dated Feb 1111 relating to the coronation of Heinrich V King of Germany as emperor name "Fridericum filium sororis su�, marchionem Engilbertum, marchionem Thiebaldus, comitem Hermannum, Fridericum palatinum comitem de Saxonia, Berlingarium de Bavaria, Godefridum comitem, Fridericum Saxonum, Albertum cancellarium, Cononem fratri Berengarii, Sigebot de Bavaria, Henricum ducem Carinthie, Bertoldum filium ducis Bertoldi" as the emperor's guarantors[550].� "Fridericum palatinum comitem de Saxonia" signed fifth in the list of lay witnesses who swore for Heinrich V King of Germany at the time of his coronation as emperor in 1111[551].� Vogt of Kloster Sch�ningen 1120.� Children:�

a)         FRIEDRICH [II] von Sommerschenburg (-19 May 1162, bur Marienthal).� The Annalista Saxo names "palatinum comitem Fridericum iuniorem" and his parents[552]. �Pfalzgraf 1121.� Pfalzgraf von Sommerschenburg 1123/1124.� Vogt von Walbeck: Rudolf Bishop of Halberstadt confirmed an exchange between Hillersleben and Walbeck by charter dated 11 Apr 1145, which names "Fredericus comes palatinus, eiusdem ecclesie advocatus, et filius eius Albertus" among the representatives of Walbeck[553].� Vogt of Quedlinburg 1150.� He founded Kloster Marienthal.� The Annales Magdeburgenses record the death in 1162 of "Fridericus palatinus"[554].� Children:�

i)          ADALBERT von Sommerschenburg (-[15 Jan/17 Mar] 1179).� The Annalista Saxo names "Adalbertum" son of "Friedericus iunior de Sumersenburh palatinus comes" & his wife Liutgard[555].� Rudolf Bishop of Halberstadt confirmed an exchange between Hillersleben and Walbeck by charter dated 11 Apr 1145, which names "Fredericus comes palatinus, eiusdem ecclesie advocatus, et filius eius Albertus" among the representatives of Walbeck[556].� Pfalzgraf von Sommerschenburg 1158.� Vogt at Quedlinburg, Marienthal and Huysburg.� Opposed to the expansionist policies of Heinrich "der L�we" Duke of Saxony, Adalbert allied himself with Albrecth "der B�r" Markgraf von Brandenburg.� He was, however, forced to submit to the duke and transfer to him the fortress of Lauenburg, south-west of Quedlinburg[557].� He adhered to the alliance of Magdeburg, which formalised the opposition to Heinrich "der L�we" Duke of Saxony, at Santersleben, south of Haldensleben, 14 Jul 1167[558].� The Annales Palidenses record the death in 1179 of "Adalbertus palatinus comes"[559].�

 

 

1.         HERMANN [II] von Winzenburg, son of HERMANN [I] Graf von Winzenburg & his second wife Hedwig von Carniola-Istria (-murdered Winzenburg 30 Jan 1152).� Wegener records that Hadewich, widow of Graf Heriman, donated property to G�ttweig with her son Heriman by charter dated [1122], witnessed by Adalbert son of Markgraf Luitpold[560].� Graf von Winzenburg 1125.� Pfalzgraf von Sachsen 1129/30, deposed.� The Annales Stadenses records that "Hermannus de Wincenburg" was deprived of the "comitatum provincialem in Thuringia" by "Lothario rege" who granted it to "Lodewicum [filium Ludowici]"[561].�

 

 

 

 

Chapter 7.� DUKES of SAXONY, BALLENSTEDT

 

 

 

A.����� DUKES of SAXONY 1180-1423, ELECTORS of SAXONY [1356]-1423

 

 

ALBRECHT von Ballenstedt, son of OTTO "der Reiche" Graf von Ballenstedt, Duke of Saxony & his wife Eilika of Saxony [Billung] ([1100]-1170).� The Annalista Saxo names "Adelbertum marchionem et filiam Adelheidem" as children of "Ottoni comiti de Ballenstidi" and his wife Eilika[562].� He succeeded his father as ALBRECHT "der B�r" Graf von Ballenstedt.� Lothar von S�pplingenburg Duke of Saxony appointed Albrecht as Herr der Mark Lausitz in 1123, in usurpation of the rights of Emperor Heinrich V.� He was temporarily deposed, but rehabilated, by Emperor Lothar in 1133.� Konrad III King of Germany invested Albrecht "der B�r" as ALBRECHT Duke of Saxony in 1138 after refusing to enfeoff Heinrich "der Stolze" Duke of Bavaria [Welf] with the duchy[563].� Duke Albrecht relinquished Saxony in 1142, as part of the compromise reached between the Welf family and King Konrad III, and returned to the Nordmark[564].� Pribislav-Heinrich Prince of the Hevelli made Albrecht his heir in Brandenburg, and he succeeded in 1140 as ALBRECHT Markgraf von Brandenburg, although he was obliged to defend the territory against Jaxa Prince of K�penick in 1157[565].� Markgraf von Stade, Graf von Aschersleben.�

1.         other children: see BRANDENBURG.��

2.         BERNHARD von Ballenstedt (1140-Bernburg 9 Feb 1212, bur Ballenstedt St Nikolai).� A 13th century genealogy names (in order) "Albertum, Berenhardum, Fridericum, Hermannum de Horlamund et Zeifridum Bremensem archiepiscopum" as the five sons of "Albertus de Hanhalde marchio"[566].� He was installed as BERNHARD Duke of Saxony in 1180.�

-������� see below.�

 

 

BERNHARD von Ballenstedt, son of ALBRECHT "der B�r" Markgraf von Brandenburg [Ballenstedt] & his wife Sophie von Winzenburg (1140-Bernburg 9 Feb 1212, bur Ballenstedt St Nikolai).� A 13th century genealogy names (in order) "Albertum, Berenhardum, Fridericum, Hermannum de Horlamund et Zeifridum Bremensem archiepiscopum" as the five sons of "Albertus de Hanhalde marchio"[567].� "Adelbertus�marchio Brandenburgensis" donated property to the convent at Magdeburg, with the consent of "filiorum meorum Heinrici canonici sancti Mauritii in Magdaburg, Ottonis marchionis, Hermanni, Adelberti, Theoderici et Bernhardi comitum", by charter dated [end May/early Jun] 1151[568].� Graf von Aschersleben und Graf von Anhalt 1170.� "Alberto Brandenburgensi marchione, Ottone filio eius�Hermanno comite de Horlemunde filio eius, Theoderico comite de Werben filio eius, Alberto comite de Balstede filio eius, Bernardo comite de Anehalt filio eius�" witnessed the charter dated 1170 under which "Cazimerus�Pomeranorum princeps" donated property to the church of Havelberg, with the consent of "fratre nostro Boguzlao"[569].� "Bernhardus�comes in Aschersleve" confirmed possessions of Marienthal, by charter dated 1174[570].� In 1175, Heinrich "der L�we" Duke of Saxony invaded Graf Bernhard's territory in support of the claim by Ludwig III Landgraf of Thuringia to the county of Weimar, sacked Gr�ningen near Halberstadt and captured Aschersleben, although Graf Bernhard was able to retain possession of Weimar[571].� Herzog von Westfalen und Engern 1179.� He was installed as BERNHARD Duke of Saxony at Gelnhausen 13 Apr 1180 after Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" deprived Heinrich "der L�we" Duke of Bavaria and Saxony of his titles, although the territory of the duchy was split with the separated duchy of Westfalia being transferred to the archbishop of K�ln[572].� "Bernhardus dux Angarie et Westfalie et comes de Aschersleve" confirmed the donation to Kloster Obernkirchen by "frater noster Theodericus comes de Werbene" by charter dated end-Sep 1181[573].� Bernhard constructed the castle of Lauenburg with material from the fortress of Ertheneburg[574].�

m JUDYTA of Poland, daughter of MIESZKO III "Stary/the Old" Prince of Greater Poland, Prince of Krakow & his first wife Ersz�bet of Hungary (-after 12 Dec 1201).� The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to, but does not name, the daughters of Mieszko III, naming (second in the list) "dux Saxonie" as his son-in-law[575].� A 13th century genealogy refers to the wife of "Berenhardum [filius Albertus de Hanhalde marchio]" as "ducis Polonie filiam"[576].� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Iuttam filiam Mesechonis ducis Polonie" as wife of "Bernardus dux Saxonie"[577].�

Duke Bernhard & his wife had five children:�

1.         MAGNUS (-young). �The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Albertum ducem Saxonie et Henricum comitem de Anahalt et Magonem" as sons of "Bernardus dux Saxonie" & his wife[578].�

2.         HEINRICH ([1170]-[8 May 1251/17 May 1252], bur Ballenstedt).� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names "Heinricum comitem Ascharie et Albertum ducem" as sons of "Bernhardi ducis"[579].� He succeeded his father in 1212 as HEINRICH I "der Fette" Graf von Anhalt.� Graf von Aschersleben 1213.�

-������� GRAFEN von ANHALT.�

3.         ALBRECHT (-[27 Sep/7 Nov] 1260, bur Lehnin).� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names "Heinricum comitem Ascharie et Albertum ducem" as sons of "Bernhardi ducis"[580].� He succeeded his father in 1212 as ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony.�

-������� see below.

4.         ADELHEID (-16 Jul 1244).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.� Abbess of Gernrode 1221.��

5.         HEDWIG .� The Genealogica Wettinensis refers to the wife of "Olricus comes filius Heinrici marchionis" as "filiam Bernhardi ducis Saxonie" but does not name her[581].� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names "filia Bernhardi ducis Hetwige" as wife of "Ulricus comes de Witin, filius Heinrici, filii marchionis Conradi senioris"[582].� m (before 1204) as his second wife, ULRICH Graf von Wettin, son of HEINRICH [I] Graf von Wettin & his wife Sophie --- (-Wettin 28 Sep 1206, bur Petersberg).

 

 

ALBRECHT of Saxony, son of BERNHARD von Ballenstedt Duke of Saxony, Graf von Aschersleben und Anhalt & his wife Judyta of Poland (-[27 Sep/7 Nov] 1260, bur Lehnin).� The Chronicon Montis Serreni names "Heinricum comitem Ascharie et Albertum ducem" as sons of "Bernhardi ducis"[583].� He succeeded his father in 1212 as ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony.� Herzog zu Bernburg 1219.� He left on Crusade 1219.� Herzog zu Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen 1227.� Pope Innocent IV granted Duke Albrecht the right of investiture in the bishoprics of L�beck, Ratzeburg and Schwerin in order to attract his support to the papal party against Konrad IV King of Germany in [1252/53].� The result was that Duke Albrecht participated in the second election of Willem II Count of Holland as king of Germany in Brunswick 25 Mar 1252, although he gave no support to Willem during the latter's campaign in Flanders in 1253[584].�

m firstly (Vienna 1222) AGNES of Austria, daughter of LEOPOLD VI " der Glorreiche" Duke of Austria [Babenberg] & his wife Theodora --- (1206-29 Aug 1226).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Agnem filiam Friderici ducis Austrie" as wife of "Albertus dux"[585].� The Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis specifies that the marriage was celebrated in Vienna[586].� The necrology of Lilienfeld records the death "IV Kal Sep" of "Agnes filia ducis Leupoldi fundatoris"[587].� The necrology of Kloster Neuburg records the death "IV Kal Sep" of "Agnes ducissa Saxonia filia Liupoldi ducis Austrie"[588].�

m secondly (Acre after 1229) as her second husband, AGNES of Thuringia, widow of HEINRICH "der Grausame" of Austria, daughter of HERMANN I Landgraf of Thuringia & his second wife Sophie of Bavaria ([1204]-24 Feb before 1244, bur Heiligenkreuz).� The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Agnes" as second daughter of "Hermannus" & his second wife, specifying that she married "ducis Austrie"[589].� The Annales Mellicenses in 1226 record the marriage of "Heinricus filius Liupoldi ducis" and "Agnetem filiam langravii de Duringia"[590].� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Agnem, sororem Henrici lantgravii Thuringie" as second wife of "Albertus dux"[591].� The necrology of Heiligenkreuz records the death "VI Kal Mar" of "ducissa Richardis sor Ludovici Thuringi� lantgravii mariti s Elizabeth�, ux Henrici�quinti cognomento Crudelis" and her burial "in capitulo no", specifying that her husband was last of the line and that their child was named Gertrud[592].� Although the other details are correct, the name "Richza" is a mistake for "Agnes", resulting from confusion with the wife of Heinrich Duke of M�dling, paternal uncle of Duke Heinrich "der Grausame".� It is curious that this entry does not refer to Agnes's second husband, suggesting that there may have been a separation before she died.�

m thirdly (Papal dispensation 4o 15 May 1244, [1247/48]) as her second husband, HELENE von Braunschweig-L�neburg, widow of HERMANN II Landgraf of Thuringia, daughter of OTTO I �dem Kind� Herzog von Braunschweig & his wife Mathilde von Brandenburg [Askanier] (18 Mar 1223-6 Sep 1273, bur Wittenberg Franciscans).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Helenam filiam Ottonis de Brunswick" as third wife of "Albertus dux"[593].� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Mechtildim�Helenam�Alheidem�Helenam" as the daughters of "Ottonem de Lunenburch" & his wife, specifying that the first "Helenam" married firstly "Hermannus dominus Hassie, filius beate Elisabeth" and secondly "Albertus dux Saxonie"[594].� She founded the Franciscan Monastery at Wittenberg: an epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death �VIII Id Sep� 1273 of �domina Helena coniunx Alberti I ducis Saxoni� elect. filia ducis Ottonis de Brunsvig. Fundatrix huius c�nobii[595].�

Duke Albrecht I & his first wife had two children:

1.         BERNHARD (-before 1256).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.�

2.         JUTTA (-before 2 Feb 1267).� The Chronica Jutensis records that "Ericum", son of "Waldemarus rex", married "Juttam filiam ducis Saxonie"[596].� The Icelandic Annals record the marriage in 1239 of "Ericus Danorum rex Valdemari filius" and "Juttam filiam Henrici ducis Anhaltini"[597].� Pope Gregory IX issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Ericum filium Waldemari regis" and "Juttam filiam ducis Saxoni�" dated 31 Jul 1239[598].� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Iuttam [uxor] Ericus rex Dacie" as daughter of "Albertus dux" & his first wife Agnes[599].� The Annales Stadenses records the marriage "1239 die Dyonisii" of "Ericus rex Daci� [frater Abel]" and "filiam ducis Alberti de Anehalt"[600].� The Annales Ryenses record the marriage in 1239 of "rex Ericus" and "Iudith filiam ducis Saxoni�"[601].� The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified.� m firstly (Papal dispensation 4o Anagni 31 Aug 1239, 9 Oct 1239) ERIK IV "Plovpennig/Plough-Penny" King of Denmark, son of VALDEMAR II "Sejr/the Conqueror" King of Denmark & his second wife Infanta dona Berengaria de Portugal (1216-murdered 10 Aug 1250, bur Schleswig St Peter, transferred to Ringsted Church).� m secondly BURCHARD von Querfurt-Magdeburg, son of BURCHARD Burggraf von Magdeburg & his wife --- (-after 12 Nov 1306).���

Duke Albrecht I & his second wife had two children:

3.         JUTTA (-before 23 Dec 1287, bur Stendal Franciscan Monastery).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Iuttam�Elizabeth" as daughters of "Albertus dux" and his second wife Agnes, specifying that Jutta married "Iohannis marchio Brandenburgensis"[602], in a later passage naming "Iuttam filiam Alberti ducis Saxonie" as second wife of "Iohannes" and specifying that she had previously been betrothed to "Friderico imperatori"[603], although the latter is improbable.� m (Papal dispensation 7 May 1255) as his second wife, JOHANN I Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of ALBRECHT II Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Mathilde von Lensberg ([1208/13]-[3 Jun 1266/2 Feb 1267], bur Kloster Chorin).�

4.         ELISABETH (-before 1306, bur Preetz).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names "Iuttam�Elizabeth" as daughters of "Albertus dux" and his second wife Agnes, specifying that Elisabeth married "Iohannes comes Holtsacie"[604].� The Annales Stadenses record the betrothal "1241 IV Id Nov in Hamborch" of "Iohannes comes filius fratris Adolfi" and "filia ducis Saxoni�"[605].� His place of burial is confirmed by the charter dated 2 Feb 1306 under which [his son] "Iohannes...comes Holtzatie et Stormarie" established a foundation in Kloster Preetz, for the souls of "patris nostri comitis Johannis ac...matris nostre Elysabeth" who were buried there[606].� m (Betrothed 10 Nov 1241, [1249/50]) JOHANN von Holstein, son of ADOLF [IV] Graf von Holstein und Schaumburg & his wife Hedwig zur Lippe (-20 Apr 1263, bur Kloster Preetz).���

Duke Albrecht I & his third wife had five children:

5.         ELISABETH (-[16 Oct 1293/2 Feb 1306]).� �Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius� granted �advocatia terre Boytin� to Stift Ratzeburg, naming �filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi�, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[607].� �Albertus...Saxoni�, Angari�, Westphali� dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra� confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by �filius eius Albertus pi� recordationis�, with the consent of �fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[608].� m ([27 Apr 1261/1264]) KONRAD Graf von Brehna, son of DIETRICH [I] Graf von Brehna [Wettin] & his wife Eudoxia of Mazovia [Piast] (-[1277/26 Mar 1278]).

6.         HELENE (-12 Jun 1309, bur N�rnberg Barf�sserkirche).� �Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius� granted �advocatia terre Boytin� to Stift Ratzeburg, naming �filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi�, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[609].� The Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum refers to the second wife of Duke Heinrich III as "filiam ducis Saxonie" specifying that she married secondly "burgravio de Nurenberg"[610].� The Chronica principum Polonie records that "tercius Heinricus" married secondly "filiam�ducis Saxonie", who later married "Burgravio Nurenbergensi"[611].� The date of her second marriage is indicated by a charter dated 28 Mar 1280 which records her son Johann by this marriage.� "Ludwicus�comes de Otingen" pledged "castrum nostrum de Dahspach" to "socero nostro Friderico Burcgravio de Nurenberch, domine Elene uxori sue" for a loan by charter dated 10 Apr 1280[612].� Her parentage and second marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 15 May 1292 under which her brother "Albertus�Saxonie Angarie et Westfalie Dux, comes de Bren Burcgraviusque Maideburgensis" confirmed that Rudolf I King of Germany had enfeoffed "Fridericum Burcgravium de Nurenberch sororium nostrum" with "villis Leukersheim Erlebach et Brucke"[613].� "Fridericus Burgravius de Nureberch" donated "curiam in Slavigersrauth", previously held by "Elizabeth quondam uxoris nostre", to Kloster Langeim, with the consent of "uxoris nostre Elene ac heredum nostrorum", by charter dated 7 Mar 1296[614].� Albrecht King of Germany granted �molendinum retro Macellum in Nurenberg� to �nobilis matrone Helene burcgravie in Nurenberg quondam Friderici burcgravii in Nurrenberg relicte� by charter dated 3 Dec 1307[615].� m firstly (before 3 Dec 1266) as his second wife, HEINRICH III Duke of Breslau, son of HEINRICH II Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland [Piast] & his wife Anna of Bohemia ([1222/30]-3 Dec 1266).� m secondly (before [1278]) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH III Burggraf von N�rnberg, son of KONRAD I Burggraf von N�rnberg & his [first] wife Clementia --- (-1297, after 12 May). �

7.         MECHTILD .� �Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius� granted �advocatia terre Boytin� to Stift Ratzeburg, naming �filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi�, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[616].� The marriage contract between �Elena...Westfalie et Saxonie ducissa...et filii nostri Johannes et Albertus Saxonie duces...filia nostra� and �Guncellino et Helmoldo comitibus Zwerinensibus...comiti Helmoldo iuniori de Zwerin� is dated 23 Nov 1264[617].� The contract must have been terminated, or the bride died, before 9 Jun 1266 when Helmold [III] was betrothed to the daughter of Adolf Graf von Dannenberg.� On the other hand, the charter dated 21 Dec 1298 under which [Helmold [III]�s sons] �Guntzelinus et Hinricus...comites de Zwerin� sold the mills in the town of Schwerin to Kloster Reinfeld was witnessed by [Mechtild�s brothers] �cognati nostri duces Saxonie Johannes et Albertus...[618].� It is therefore possible that Helmold�s betrothal to Mechtild was terminated, that he was betrothed to the daughter of Adolf von Dannenberg which betrothal was in turn terminated, and that Helmold later returned to Mechtild.� The difficulty of identifying Helmold�s first wife is not solved by the following charter which omits her name: a charter dated 18 Oct [1273] records that Kloster H�ckelheim accorded fraternity to �comiti Helmoldo in Tzwerin et uxori sue domine--- necnon filio suo comiti Gunzelino[619].� Betrothed (contract Lauenburg 23 Nov 1264) [m, as his first wife,] HELMOLD [III] Graf von Schwerin, son of G�NZEL [III] Graf von Schwerin & his wife Margarete von Mecklenburg (-after 25 Aug 1295).

8.         JOHANN von Sachsen (-30 Jul 1286, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Albertum et Iohannem" as the two sons of "Albertus dux" & his third wife[620].� He succeeded in 1263 as JOHANN I Herzog von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen.� Titular Burggraf von Magdeburg 1269.�

-������� see below, Part B.� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-LAUENBURG.

9.         ALBRECHT (-killed in battle near Acre, Palestine 25 Aug 1298, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery, transferred 1883 to Wittenberg Schlo�kirche).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Albertum et Iohannem" as the two sons of "Albertus dux" & his third wife[621].� He succeeded in 1266 as ALBRECHT II "Degener" Herzog von Sachsen.� Titular Burggraf von Magdeburg 1269.� Graf von Brehna 1290.� Herr zu Wittenberg und Brehna 1295-1296.�

-������� see below.

 

 

ALBRECHT von Sachsen-Wittenberg, son of ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony [Askanier] & his third wife Helene von Braunschweig (-in battle near Acre, Palestine 25 Aug 1298, bur Wittenberg, Franciscan Monastery, transferred 1883 to Wittenberg Schlo�kirche).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Albertum et Iohannem" as the two sons of "Albertus dux" & his third wife[622].� �Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius� granted �advocatia terre Boytin� to Stift Ratzeburg, naming �filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi�, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[623].� He succeeded in 1266 as ALBRECHT II "Degener" Herzog von Sachsen.� Titular Burggraf von Magdeburg 1269.� Graf von Brehna 1290.� "Albertus�Saxonie Angarie et Westfalie Dux, comes de Bren Burcgraviusque Maideburgensis" confirmed that Rudolf I King of Germany had enfeoffed "Fridericum Burcgravium de Nurenberch sororium nostrum" with "villis Leukersheim Erlebach et Brucke" by charter dated 15 May 1292[624].� �Albertus...Saxoni�, Angari�, Westphali� dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra� confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by �filius eius Albertus pi� recordationis�, with the consent of �fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[625].� Herr zu Wittenberg und Brehna 1295-1296.�

m (Oct 1273) AGNES [Gertrud] von Habsburg, daughter of RUDOLF I Graf von Habsburg [later King of Germany] & his first wife Gertrud [Anna] von Hohenberg [Zollern] ([1257]-Wittenberg 11 Oct 1322, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery, removed 1883 to Wittenberg Schlo�kirche).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie refers to the wife of "Albertum [filium Alberti dux]" as "filiam Rodolphi regis Romanorum"[626].� The Chonicon Colmariense records that one daughter of King Rudolf I married "ducis Saxonie" in 1273[627].� Her marriage was arranged to secure her future father-in-law�s support for her father�s election as King of Germany.� �Agnes...Alberti quondam ducis Saxonie relicta nec non Rudolfus...dux et comes in Bren� confirmed a purchase by the citizens of Wittenberg by charter dated Jun 1301[628].� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1322 of �domina Hagn� uxor Alberti II ducis Saxoni� filia imperat. Rodolphi[629].�

Duke Albrecht II & his wife had five children:�

1.         RUDOLF ([1280]-11/12 Mar 1356, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery, transferred 1544 to Wittenberg Schlo�kirche).� �Albertus...Saxoni�, Angari�, Westphali� dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra� confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by �filius eius Albertus pi� recordationis�, with the consent of �fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[630].� He succeeded his father in 1298 as RUDOLF I Herzog von Sachsen in Wittenberg und Brehna.� �Agnes...Alberti quondam ducis Saxonie relicta nec non Rudolfus...dux et comes in Bren� confirmed a purchase by the citizens of Wittenberg by charter dated Jun 1301[631].� �Rudolphus, Albertus et Wenceslaus duces Saxonie� sold �vill� Vrederekesdorp� to Brandenburg church by charter dated 1313[632].� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 12 Mar 1356 of �Rodolphus senir dux Saxon. elector[633].� m firstly (contract 2 Dec 1298, Papal dispensation Avignon 21 May 1303) JUTTA von Brandenburg, daughter of OTTO V Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Judith von Henneberg ([1275/86]-9 May 1328, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle names "Beatricem�Mechthildim�Gitam�Gunegundim" as the four daughters of "Otto longus filius Ottonis tercii" & his wife, specifying that Jutta married "Rudolphus dux Saxonie"[634].� The marriage contract between �Hermannus marchio Brandenburgensis et dominus de Hennebergk...Juttam sororem suam� and �Rudolpho duci Saxonie� is dated 2 Dec 1298[635]. �An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1328 of �dn. Iutta ducissa Saxoni� Rodolphi I coniunx filia marchionis Ottonis Longi mater ducum Saxoni� Alberti Ottonis Iohannis et Rodolphi[636].� m secondly (after 10 Aug 1328) as her second husband, KUNIGUNDE of Poland, widow of BERNHARD Duke of Schweidnitz [Piast], daughter of WŁADYSŁAW Prince of Kujavia, Krakow and Sandomir [later WŁADYSŁAW I "Łokietek/Ellenbogen" King of Poland] & his wife Jadwiga of Poland (before 1298-9 Apr 1331, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 9 Apr 1331 of �ducissa Kunigunda filia regis Cracovi� uxor secunda ducis Rodolphi[637].� m thirdly ([1333]) as her third husband, AGNES von Lindau-Ruppin, widow firstly of WIZLAW III F�rst von R�gen and secondly of HEINRICH II Herr von Mecklenburg, daughter of [ULRICH I] Graf von Lindau-Ruppin & his wife --- (-9 Apr 1343, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 9 May [?] 1343 of �domina Hagne ducissa Saxoni�...soror comitis de Lindaw uxor Rodolphi ducis Saxoni� III mater ducis Wenceslai[638].� Duke Rudolf I & his first wife had eight children:

a)         ANNA .� 1309.

b)         ALBRECHT (-4 Jul 1329, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). �His parentage is confirmed by his mother�s epitaph quoted above.� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 4 Apr [?] 1329 of �dux Saxoni� Albertus filius Rodolphi I Elect Saxoni� natu maximus[639].�

c)         OTTO (-30 Mar 1350, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� His parentage is confirmed by his mother�s epitaph quoted above.� m (contract 10 Oct 1339, dispensation 3o & 4o Avignon 22 Sep 1346) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Braunschweig-L�neburg, daughter of WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig und L�neburg in L�neburg & his first wife Hedwig von Ravensberg (-17 Apr 1384).� The marriage contract between �Rudolf...Hertzoge zu Sachsen zu Angern zu Westphan Greue zu Bren und Obirster marscalk Des heilichen Romischen Riches...unser Sun Hertzoge Otte� and �hertzogen Wilhelms tochter...Elspet von Brunswik� is dated 10 Oct 1339[640].� She married secondly (1354) Nikolaus von Holstein-Rendsburg, who succeeded in 1390 as Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg.� Otto & his wife had one child:�

i)          ALBRECHT (-Wittenberg 28 Jul 1385, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Albrecht� as the son of �Hertoghe Otto, Hertoghen Roleffes sone to Sassen des Korforsten� and his wife[641].� He succeeded in 1363 as ALBRECHT III Herzog zu Sachsen, Herzog von L�neburg.� m (Hannover 10 Nov 1373, Celle 11 May 1374) as her second husband, KATHARINA von Anhalt, widow of MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig und L�neburg, daughter of BERNHARD III F�rst von Anhalt-Bernburg & his second wife Mathilde von Anhalt in K�then und Zerbst (-30 Jan 1390, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghe Albrecht to Sassen unde to Lunenborch� married �Hertoghen Magnus weddeven to Brunswick�, calling her �ein Marggrevinne to Brandenborch� [presumably confusing her with the widow of Duke Magnus I][642].� Duke Albrecht III & his wife had one child:�

(a)       HELENE .

d)         JOHANN (-young). �His parentage is confirmed by his mother�s epitaph quoted above.�

e)         BEATRIX (-after 26 Feb 1345).� The date of her marriage, and her parentage, are indicated by the charter dated 25 Jan 1337, under which Rudolf I Duke of Saxony confirmed rights of her husband in Brietzen, witnessed by "...comes Albertus de Anhalt gener noster...[643].� The dispensation for the marriage between "Alberti de Anhalt comitis� and �Beatricis eius uxoris�, despite their 4o consangunity, is dated 22 Jun 1344[644].� m (before 25 Jan 1337, Papal dispensation 4o Avignon 22 Jun 1344) as his second wife, ALBRECHT II Graf von Anhalt, son of ALBRECHT I Graf von Anhalt in K�then und Zerbst & his second wife Agnes von Brandenburg [Askanier] (-[22 Aug 1360/17 Jul 1362]).�

f)          AGNES ([1310]-4 Jan 1338).� The date of her marriage and her family origin are indicated by the charter dated 1326 under which [her husband] "Bernardus...princeps in Anhalt, comes Aschanye et dominus in Berneburch� donated property to the Marienkloster at Ascherleben, at the request of �Rodolfi ducis Saxonie generi nostri necnon uxoris noster�, by charter dated 1326[645].� Pope John XXII issued dispensation for the marriage of "Bernardo comiti de Anhalt� and �Agneti nate...Rudolphi ducis Saxonie eius uxori� despite 4o consanguinity, dated 8 May 1328[646].� m (before 1326, Papal dispensation 4o Avignon 8 May 1328) as his first wife, BERNHARD [III] F�rst von Anhalt in Bernburg, son of BERNARD [II] F�rst von Anhalt & his wife Helena von R�gen ([1300]-20 Aug 1348, bur Nienburg Klosterkirche). �

g)         ELISABETH (-after 30 May 1351).� m (Papal dispensation 4o Avignon 22 Jun 1344) as his first wife, WOLDEMAR I Graf von Anhalt, son of ALBRECHT I Graf von Anhalt in K�then und Zerbst & his second wife Agnes von Brandenburg [Askanier] (-after 7 Jan 1368).

h)         RUDOLF (-6 Dec 1370, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� His parentage is confirmed by his mother�s epitaph quoted above.� He succeeded his father in 1356 as RUDOLF II "der J�ngere" Herzog zu Sachsen.� The Saxon ruler's role as one of the seven electors of the Empire was irrevocably confirmed in 1356 by the Golden Bull of Emperor Karl IV, which also decreed that the Duke of Saxony should be imperial administrator of the territory subject to Saxon law in the absence of the Emperor[647].� He called himself Elector of Saxony.� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 6 Dec 1370 of �Rodolphus II dux Saxon Elector[648].� m (before 8 May 1336) ELISABETH von Hessen, daughter of OTTO I Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his wife Adelheid von Ravensberg (-30 May 1373, bur 1883 Wittenberg Schlo�kirche).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. �An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1373 of �Elisabeth ducissa Saxon uxor Rodolphi[649].� Duke Rudolf II & his wife had one child:

i)          ELISABETH (-1353, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).

Duke Rudolf I & his second wife had one child:

i)          MIESKO (-1350).� m EUDOXIA, daughter of ---.�

Duke Rudolf I & his third wife had four children:

j)          WENZEL (-killed in battle Acre 15 May 1388).� His parentage is confirmed by his mother�s epitaph quoted above.� He succeeded his half-brother in 1370 as WENZEL Herzog zu Sachsen, Elector.�

-������� see below.�

k)         WILHELM (-young).

l)          HELENE (-2 Apr 1367, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� m (1353) JOHANN [I] Graf von Hardeck Burggraf von Magdeburg, son of --- (-1 Jan 1394).

m)       AGNES . �m GEBHARD [Graf] von Schraplau Herr zu Alsleben, son of --- (-[1410/15]).

2.         ALBRECHT (-19 May 1342, bur Passau Cathedral).� �Albertus...Saxoni�, Angari�, Westphali� dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra� confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by �filius eius Albertus pi� recordationis�, with the consent of �fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[650].� Provost of Heiligenkreuz at Nordhausen 1305/1318.� �Rudolphus, Albertus et Wenceslaus duces Saxonie� sold �vill� Vrederekesdorp� to Brandenburg church by charter dated 1313[651].� Provost of St Stephan at Vienna 1308/1318.� Canon at Bremen Cathedral 1315/1321.� Canon at Magdeburg Cathedral 1318.� Elected Bishop of Passau 1320, installed 1322.

3.         WENZEL (-17 Mar 1327, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� �Rudolphus, Albertus et Wenceslaus duces Saxonie� sold �vill� Vrederekesdorp� to Brandenburg church by charter dated 1313[652].� Canon at Halberstadt 1319.

4.         ANNA (-22 Nov 1327 or 1 Mar 1328, bur Wismar).� Posse records the contract for her first marriage dated 8 Aug 1308[653].� The marriage contract between �Rudolf...hertoghe to Sassen...vse suster Annam� and �hern Hinrike van Mekelenborgh� is dated 5 Jul 1315[654].� Erik VI King of Denmark granted revenue �aff Femern� to �Fru Anne, Her Henrich aff Mekelnborgs�, as requested by her husband, by charter dated 6 Jan 1317[655].� The Hermanni Corneri Cronicon records in 1312 that �Henricus dominus de Mykelenburg� married �sororem Rodolfi ducis Saxoni�[656].� Kirchberg�s Reimchronik records her death 22 Nov 1327 (and burial at Wismar)[657].� Posse notes that Latomus records that she died 1 Mar 1328, commenting that this date seems inconsistent with her husband�s third marriage �in dem zweiten Quartel des Jahres 1328[658].� Heinrich [II] donated property for the souls of his three wives �Beatricis...filie quondam...Alberti marchionis Brand...Anne...Alberti ducis Saxonis...[et] Agnetis filie Guntheri comitis Lindowensis� by charter dated 13 Jan 1329[659].� m firstly (contract 8 Aug 1308) FRIEDRICH "der Lahme" von Meissen, son of FRIEDRICH I "der Freidige" Markgraf von Meissen Landgraf of Thuringia [Wettin] & his first wife Agnes von G�rz (9 May 1293-killed in battle Zwenkau 13 Jan 1315, bur Meissen Cathedral, Kloster Altzelle).� m secondly (contract near Kraak 6 Jul 1315, D�mitz [6 Jul 1315/6 Jan 1317], Papal dispensation Avignon 5 Sep 1318) as his second wife, HEINRICH II "der L�we" F�rst von Mecklenburg Herr von Stargard, son of HEINRICH I F�rst von Mecklenburg & his wife Anastasia von Pommern (1267-[21/22] Jan 1329, bur Kloster Doberan).

5.         OTTO (-after 29 Aug 1311).�

 

 

WENZEL von Sachsen, son of RUDOLF I Herzog von Sachsen-Wittenberg, Elector of Saxony & his third wife Agnes von Lindau-Ruppin (-killed in battle Acre 15 May 1388).� His parentage is confirmed by his mother�s epitaph quoted above.� He succeeded his half-brother in 1370 as WENZEL Herzog zu Sachsen, Elector.�

m (before 11 May 1371) CECILIA da Carrara, daughter of FRANCESCO �il Vecchio� da Carrara & his wife Fina Buzzacavini (-1429, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghe Wentzel to Sassen unde Lunenborch� married �Ceciliam des Heren van Badaw dochter[660].� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1429 of �Cecilia relicta vidua Wenceslai ducis Electoris Saxon filia Francisci vicarii imperialis in Padua[661].�

Duke Wenzel & his wife had six children:�

1.         RUDOLF (-9 Jun 1419, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Roleff, Albrecht, Wenzel unde Erick� as the four sons of �Hertoghe Wentzel to Sassen unde Lunenborch� and his wife[662].� He succeeded his father in 1388 as RUDOLF III Herzog zu Sachsen, Elector.� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 9 Jun 1419 of �Rodolphus III dux et elector Saxoni� filius maior natu ducis Wenceslai Elect[663].� m firstly (contract 8 Jun 1379, [1 Jul 1386/30 Nov 1389]) ANNA von Th�ringen, daughter of BALTHASAR Markgraf von Meissen, Landgraf of Thuringia [Wettin] & his first wife Margareta von N�rnberg (1377-4 Jul 1395, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Pistorius records �filium...Fridericum et filiam, qu� duxit ducem Saxoni� Rodolphum�, as Balthasar�s children[664].� Rothe�s D�ringische Chronik records that �Margarethe...die gebar om eyne tochter, die hiess Anna, das geschah noch Cristus gebort 1377 jar...[665].� Posse records her marriage contract dated 8 Jun 1379, confirmation 9 Jun 1380, her mention unmarried 1 Jul 1386 but married 30 Nov 1389[666].� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1395 of �dn Anna coniunx Rodolphi III ducis Saxon. elect...filia Balthasaris Landgrafii[667].� m secondly (6 Mar 1396) BARBARA von Liegnitz, daughter of RUPRECHT I Duke of Liegnitz [Piast] & his wife Hedwig von Glogau [Piast] ([1372/84]-Trebitz 9 May 1436, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghe Roleff, Hertoghen Wenslaus sone to Sassen, eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes� married �Barbaram, des Hertoghen dochter van Legenitze unde van dem Bryge[668].� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1435 �feria post Cantate� of �Barbara ducissa Lignicensis et Brigensis coniunx Rodolphi III ducis Saxon. electoris[669].� Duke Rudolf III & his first wife had one child:

a)         SCHOLASTIKA ([1391/95]-[12 May 1461/1463]).� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium which names "in Sagano dux Johannes filius ducis Hinrici dicti Sperling" and "domini Rudulphi ducis Saxonie, soceri sui", adding that she was called "Scolasticam"[670].� The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records the death 28 Aug 1460 of "prima uxor ducis Baltazaris in puerperio" and around that time that of "domina Scolastica mater predictorum ducum"[671].� m ([1405/09]) JOHANN I Duke of Sagan, son of HEINRICH VI Duke of Glogau and Sagan [Piast] & his wife Katharina von Oppeln [Piast] (1385-12 Apr 1439). �

Duke Rudolf III & his second wife had four children:

b)         RUDOLF (-1406, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). �Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Roleff�, who died �in der joget�, as one son of �Hertoghe Roleff, Hertoghen Wenslaus sone to Sassen, eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes� and his wife �Barbaram, des Hertoghen dochter van Legenitze unde van dem Bryge[672].�

c)         WENZEL (-killed Schweinitz 1407, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Wensla esste Sygemunt, den vel de torne dot� as two of the sons of �Hertoghe Roleff, Hertoghen Wenslaus sone to Sassen, eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes� and his wife �Barbaram, des Hertoghen dochter van Legenitze unde van dem Bryge[673].� He was killed in the collapse of the tower of Schlo� Schweinitz an der Schwarzen Elster[674].�

d)         SIEGMUND (-killed Schweinitz 1407, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Wensla esste Sygemunt, den vel de torne dot� as two of the sons of �Hertoghe Roleff, Hertoghen Wenslaus sone to Sassen, eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes� and his wife �Barbaram, des Hertoghen dochter van Legenitze unde van dem Bryge[675].� He was killed in the collapse of the tower of Schlo� Schweinitz an der Schwarzen Elster553.�

e)         BARBARA (after 1406-Bayreuth 10 Oct 1465, bur Bayreuth Pfarrkirche).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Barbara�, who married �Marggreve Hans to Brandeborch�, as daughter of �Hertoghe Roleff, Hertoghen Wenslaus sone to Sassen, eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes� and his wife �Barbaram, des Hertoghen dochter van Legenitze unde van dem Bryge[676].� m (contract 25 Aug 1411, before 26 May 1416) JOHANN "der Alchymist" von Brandenburg, son of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg [Hohenzollern] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (1406-Baiersdorf 16 Nov 1464, bur Heilsbronn).�

2.         ERICH (-young).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Roleff, Albrecht, Wenzel unde Erick� as the four sons of �Hertoghe Wentzel to Sassen unde Lunenborch� and his wife[677].�

3.         WENZEL (-18 Sep 1402, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery). �Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Roleff, Albrecht, Wenzel unde Erick� as the four sons of �Hertoghe Wentzel to Sassen unde Lunenborch� and his wife[678].� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death �XIV Kal Oct� 1402 of �Wenceslaus dux Saxoni� Elector[679].�

4.         ANNA (-after 18 Apr 1426, bur Reinhardsbrunn).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �de twey broder Hertoghe Frederick unde Hertoghe Bernd� married �Hertoghen Wenslaus dochter to Sassen�, noting in a later passage that the older daughter Anna married Friedrich[680].� The marriage of �relicta Friderici de Brunswick� and �Balthazar Thuringi� lantgravio� is recorded �in Sangerhusen in crastino s. Margareth�[681].� Posse discusses her date of death and place of burial[682].� m firstly (contract Hannover 10 Nov 1386) FRIEDRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg, son of MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg & his wife Katharina von Anhalt (-murdered near Kloster Englis, Hessen 5 Jun 1400, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).� m secondly (Sangerhausen 14 Jul 1404) as his second wife, BALTHASAR Landgraf of Thuringia, son of FRIEDRICH II "der Ernsthafte" Markgraf von Meissen [Wettin] & his wife Mechtild von Bayern (Weissenfels 21 Dec 1336-Wartburg 18 May 1406, bur Reinhardsbrunn).�

5.         ALBRECHT (-27 Nov 1423, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Roleff, Albrecht, Wenzel unde Erick� as the four sons of �Hertoghe Wentzel to Sassen unde Lunenborch� and his wife[683].� Canon at Magdeburg Cathedral until 1392.� Canon at Wittenberg 1392.� Herzog zu Sachsen 1402.� He succeeded in 1419 as ALBRECHT II Elector of Saxony.� An epitaph at Wittenberg Franciscans records the death 1422 [?] of �Albertus dux Saxoni� elector in familia Anhaldina ultimus[684].� m (14 Jan 1420) as her first husband, EUFEMIA von Oels, daughter of KONRAD III Duke of Oels [Piast] & his wife Guta --- ([1390/1404]-1444).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghe Albrecht to Sassen...ein Korforste des Romeschen Rikes...[sone] Hertoghen Wensla� married �des Hertoghen dochter to Oslitze unde Orlyens...Offeke[685].� She married secondly (1432) as his second wife, Georg I F�rst von Anhalt-Zerbst.�

6.         MARGARETE (-12 Jun 1418, bur L�neburg St Michael).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �de twey broder Hertoghe Frederick unde Hertoghe Bernd� married �Hertoghen Wenslaus dochter to Sassen�, noting in a later passage that the younger daughter Margarete married Bernhard[686].� m (contract Hannover 10 Nov 1373, 12 Jul 1385) BERNHARD Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg, son of MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg & his wife Katharina von Anhalt (-11 Jun Winsen 1434, bur L�neburg St Michael).

 

 

 

B.����� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN in LAUENBURG, RATZEBURG und BERGEDORF 1260-1689

 

 

JOHANN von Sachsen, son of ALBRECHT I Duke of Saxony [Askanier] & his third wife Helene von Braunschweig (-30 Jul 1286, bur Wittenberg Franciscan Monastery).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie names (in order) "Albertum et Iohannem" as the two sons of "Albertus dux" & his third wife[687].� �Helena...ducissa Saxonie, Westfalie et Angarie, Johannes et Albertus filii eius� granted �advocatia terre Boytin� to Stift Ratzeburg, naming �filiabus et sororibus nostris Elysabeth, Helena et Mechtildi�, by charter dated 27 Apr 1261[688].� He succeeded in 1263 as JOHANN I Herzog von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen.� Titular Burggraf von Magdeburg 1269.�

m ([1270]) INGEBORG of Sweden, daughter of BIRGER Magnusson Jarl, Regent of Sweden & his first wife Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden (-30 Jun 1302, bur M�lln).� The Cronica Principum Saxonie refers to the wife of "Iohannem [filium Alberti dux]" as "filiam regis Suecie"[689].� The Annales Lubicenses record the death in 1302 of "Ingeburgis, mater Alberti, Iohannis et Erici ducum Saxoni�, filia Regis Sweonum"[690].�

Duke Johann I & his wife had six children:�

1.         ELISABETH (-before 1306).� The Annales Lubicenses records in 1288 the marriage "priori anno" of "Waldemarus rex dux Iuti�" and "filiam Iohannis ducis Saxoni�"[691].� The primary source which confirms her name has not so far been identified.� m (1287, Papal dispensation 13 Nov 1289) as his first wife, WALDEMAR IV Herzog von Schleswig, son of ERIK I Herzog von Schleswig & his wife Margareta von R�gen (-1312, bur Schleswig Cathedral).

2.         JOHANN von Sachsen (-22 Apr 1322).� The Annales Lubicenses name (in order) "Alberti, Iohannis et Erici ducum Saxoni�" as sons of "Ingeburgis�filia Regis Sweonum"[692].� �Albertus...Saxoni�, Angari�, Westphali� dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra� confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by �filius eius Albertus pi� recordationis�, with the consent of �fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[693].� He succeeded in 1296 as JOHANN II Herzog von Sachsen in Lauenburg.� In Vogtei M�lln 1305.� In Bergedorf 1321.� m ([1315]) as her first husband, ELISABETH von Holstein-Rendsburg, daughter of HEINRICH I Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg & his wife Heilwig von Bronckhorst ([1300]-before 1340).� She married secondly (1330, divorced 1331) Erik of Denmark.� Duke Johann II & his wife had one child:�

a)         ALBRECHT von Sachsen (-Feb 1343, bur M�lln).� He succeeded his father in 1322 as ALBRECHT IV Herzog von Sachsen in Bergedorf und M�lln (until 1339), minor until 1334.� m firstly (before 30 May 1334) BEATE von Schwerin, daughter of G�NZEL [VI] Graf von Schwerin in Wittenburg & his wife Richardis von Tecklenburg [Bentheim-Holland] (-before 1340).� m secondly (1341) as her first husband, SOPHIE von Werle-G�strow, daughter of JOHANN [II] Herr von Werle zu G�strow [Mecklenburg] & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen ([1329]-5 Sep 1364, bur Marienthron).� She married secondly ([1343]) Barnim IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und R�gen.� She died of plague.� Duke Albrecht IV & his first wife had three children:�

i)          JOHANN III von Sachsen (-[1356]).� In Bergedorf 1348.�

ii)         ALBRECHT [V] von Sachsen (-[1370]).� Canon at Osnabr�ck Cathedral until 1356.� In M�lln 1358/1359.� In Bergedorf 1366/1370.� m (before 25 Jan 1366) KATHARINA von Werle-G�strow, daughter of NIKOLAUS [III] Herr von Werle zu G�strow & his second wife Mechtild von Holstein-Schauenburg (-after 17 Dec 1402).�

iii)        ERICH [III] von Sachsen (-31 May 1401, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� In Bergedorf 1370.�

3.         ALBRECHT von Sachsen (-Oct 1308, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� The Annales Lubicenses name (in order) "Alberti, Iohannis et Erici ducum Saxoni�" as sons of "Ingeburgis�filia Regis Sweonum"[694].� �Albertus...Saxoni�, Angari�, Westphali� dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra� confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by �filius eius Albertus pi� recordationis�, with the consent of �fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[695].� He succeeded as ALBRECHT III Herzog von Sachsen in Ratzeburg.� m (Papal dispensation Anagni 24 Sep 1302) as her second husband, MARGARETA von Brandenburg, widow of PRZEMYSŁ II King of Poland, daughter of ALBRECHT III Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Mathilde of Denmark ([1273/81]-1 May 1315, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� The Annales Lubicenses name "Margaretam relictam regis de Kalys, filia Alberti marchionis de Brandenburg" as wife of "Alberti�ducum Saxoni�"[696].� Pulcawa's Bohemian Chronicle records that "Albertus�frater Ottonis longi" had two daughters, of whom the younger married "duci de Lawemburg"[697].�

4.         HELENE (-after 13 Sep 1337, bur Loccum).� Her parentage and second marriage are indicated by the charter dated 14 Feb 1297 under which "Adolphus comes Holtsacie et Schowenborg" sold "castrum Sassenhagen", granted by "quondam dominorum nostrorum Saxonie ducum�cum eorum sorore uxore nostra domina Elena in contractu matrimonii"[698].� "Adolfus comes de Schawenboch" exchanged property with the bishop of Minden, with the consent of "Helene uxoris nostre et Adolfi filii nostri", by charter dated 23 Nov 1298[699].� "Adolphus comes Holtsacie et in Schowenburg" donated property to Ouerenkerken, with the consent of "Helene uxoris nostre, Adolphi, Gerhardi et Erici filiorum nostrorum", by charter dated 5 Mar 1308[700].� "Juncker Alff, Fruwe Helena unse moder, Gerhardt und Erich, Graven tho Holsten und Schomborch" donated property to Ouerenkerken by charter dated 1315[701].� m firstly (Papal dispensation 4o Orvieto 22 Nov 1283) as his second wife, G�NTHER [V] Graf von Schwarzburg, son of G�NTHER [IV] Graf von Schwarzburg in Blankenburg und Schwarzburg & his wife Sophia --- (-[1 Oct 1292/19 Sep 1293], bur Kloster Ilm).� m secondly (14 Feb 1294) ADOLF VI Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Schaumburg und Pinneberg, son of GERHARD I Graf von Holstein in Itzehoe & his first wife Elisabeth von Mecklenburg (-13 May 1315, bur Loccum).

5.         SOPHIE (-1319).� Prioress at Pl�tzkau.�

6.         ERICH von Sachsen (-Nienburg 1361).� The Annales Lubicenses name (in order) "Alberti, Iohannis et Erici ducum Saxoni�" as sons of "Ingeburgis�filia Regis Sweonum"[702].� He succeeded in 1305 as ERICH I Herzog von Sachsen in Ratzeburg und Lauenburg.�

-������� see below.�

 

 

ERICH von Sachsen, son of JOHANN I Herzog von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen & his wife Ingeborg of Sweden (-Nienburg 1361).� The Annales Lubicenses name (in order) "Alberti, Iohannis et Erici ducum Saxoni�" as sons of "Ingeburgis�filia Regis Sweonum"[703].� �Albertus...Saxoni�, Angari�, Westphali� dux, comes de Bren, burgraviusque Magdeburg...cum domina Elizabet quondam comitissa in Bren sorore nostra� confirmed donations made to Kloster Coswick by �filius eius Albertus pi� recordationis�, with the consent of �fratruelium nostrorum Johannis, Alberti et Erici et filiorum nostrorum Rudolphi et Alberti�, by charter dated 16 Mar 1293[704].� He succeeded in 1305 as ERICH I Herzog von Sachsen in Ratzeburg und Lauenburg.� Subdeacon and canon at Magdeburg Cathedral 1306/1308.�

m (1316 before 16 Jun, Papal dispensation 3o 1 Jul 1346) ELISABETH von Pommern, daughter of BOGISLAW IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his second wife Margareta von R�gen (-after 16 Oct 1349).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Erike de erste, Hertoghe Johannes sone to Sassen� married �Elizabeth des Hertoghen dochter to Stettyn[705].�

Duke Erich I & his wife had five children:�

1.         HELENE (-after 1359).� m (1338) JOHANN Graf von Hoya in Nienburg [Obergrafschaft], son of OTTO [I] Graf von Hoya & his wife Ermengard von Holstein (-27 Dec 1377).�

2.         JOHANN (-14 Mar 1364).� Canon at K�ln Cathedral before 1343.� Elected Bishop of Cammin 1343, installed 1344.

3.         ERICH von Sachsen (-[1368/69]).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ereck, de ander Albrecht� as the two sons of �Erike de erste, Hertoghe Johannes sone to Sassen� and his wife �Elizabeth des Hertoghen dochter to Stettyn[706].� He succeeded his father in 1361 as ERICH II Herzog von Sachsen in Ratzeburg und Lauenburg.� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records the death in 1368 of �Ereck, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Sassen[707].� m (contract Trittau 22 Mar 1327, before 1349) AGNES von Holstein, daughter of JOHANN III Graf von Holstein in Pl�n & his first wife Katharina von Glogau [Piast] (-1386, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ereck, de ander Albrecht� as the two sons of �Erike de erste, Hertoghe Johannes sone to Sassen� and his wife �Elizabeth des Hertoghen dochter to Stettyn�, adding that Erich married �des Hertoghen dochter to Holsten� naming her �Angnes� in a later passage[708].� Duke Erich II & his wife had four children:�

a)         AGNES (-after 7 Jan 1387, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� m (24 Jun 1363) as his fourth wife, WILHELM Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg, son of OTTO II "der Strenge" Herzog von Braunschweig und L�neburg in L�neburg & his second wife Mechtild von Bayern (-23 Nov 1369, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).�

b)         ERICH von Sachsen ([1354]-21 Jun 1412).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ereke� as the son of �Ereck, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Sassen� and his wife �des Hertoghen dochter to Holsten...Angnes[709].� He succeeded his father in 1369 as ERICH IV Herzog von Sachsen in Lauenburg und Ratzeburg.� m (8 Apr 1373) SOPHIE von Braunschweig, daughter of MAGNUS II "Torquatus/mit der Kette" Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg & his wife Katharina von Anhalt ([1358]-before 28 May 1416).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Ereke�, son of �Ereck, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Sassen�, married �des Hertoghen dochter to Brunswick[710].� Duke Erich IV & his wife had ten children:�

i)          ERICH von Sachsen (-end 1435).� He succeeded his father in 1412 as ERICH V Herzog von Sachsen in Lauenburg und Ratzeburg.� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Ereke, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Sassen� died in 1435[711].� m firstly (1404) as her second husband, ELISABETH von Holstein-Rendsburg, widow of ALBRECHT IV Herzog von Mecklenburg, daughter of NIKOLAUS Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-L�neburg (-25 Jan 1416).� m secondly (before 1422) ELISABETH von Weinsberg, daughter of KONRAD von Weinsberg & his first wife Anna von Hohenlohe.� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Ereke, Hertoghen Erekes sone to Sassen� married �Elizabeth des Greven dochter van Wynsbarghe[712].� Duke Erich V & his second wife had one child:�

(a)       HEINRICH (-Weikersheim 22 Aug 1437, bur Weikersheim Stadkirche).

ii)         JOHANN IV von Sachsen (-killed in battle Apr 1414).�

iii)        AGNES (-1435).� m (1393) WARTISLAW von Pommern, son of WARTISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast & his wife Anna von Mecklenburg (1373-20/23 Aug 1415).� He succeeded his father in 1394 as WARTISLAW VIII Duke of Pomerania in R�gen.�

iv)       ALBRECHT (-killed in battle Grohnde 20 Mar 1421).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Albrecht...eyn Domhere to Hildessem�, killed �in dem stride vor Gronde�, second of the three sons of �Hertoghe Ereke to Sassen, ein Her to Louenborch� and his wife[713].� Canon at K�ln Cathedral.� Canon of St Mauritz, M�nster 1406, scholasticus and provost 1414.��

v)        MAGNUS (-21 Sep 1452).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Magnus...Bischopp to Camyn...Bischopp top Hildessem� first of the three sons of �Hertoghe Ereke to Sassen, ein Her to Louenborch� and his wife[714].� Bishop of Cammin 1410.� Bishop of Hildesheim 1424.

vi)       BERNHARD von Sachsen (-16 Jul 1463, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Bernd�, who inherited �de Herschopp to Louenborch�, third of the three sons of �Hertoghe Ereke to Sassen, ein Her to Louenborch� and his wife[715].� He succeeded his brother in 1435 as BERNHARD II Herzog von Sachsen in Lauenburg und Ratzeburg.�

-�������� see below.��

vii)      OTTO (-before 1431).

viii)     AGNES (-before 1415).� The Chronicon Holtzati� refers to, but does not name, the wife of "Albertum [fratrem Gherardi ducis Sleszwiccensis et Holtzacie]" as "de domo ducum Saxonie", specifying that they left no heirs[716].� m (before 23 Mar 1399) ALBRECHT II Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg, son of HEINRICH II "dem Eisernen" Graf von Holstein-Rendsburg & his second wife Ingeburg von Mecklenburg (-Dithmarschen 28 Sep 1403, bur Itzehoe).�

ix)       KATHARINA (-after 18 Nov 1448).� m firstly JOHANN [VII] Herr von Werle zu G�strow, son of LORENZ Herr von Werle zu G�strow [Mecklenburg] & his wife Mechtild von Werle [Mecklenburg] (-[26 Jun/16 Jul] 1414).� m secondly (Papal dispensation 12 Aug 1417) as his second wife, JOHANN IV Herzog von Mecklenburg, son of MAGNUS I Herzog von Mecklenburg & his wife Elsabe von Pommern-R�gen (-Schwerin 16 Oct 1422).

x)        SOPHIE ([1395]-1462).� m ([1416/18]) WARTISLAW IX Duke of Pomerania, son of BARNIM VI Duke of Pomerania & his wife Veronica --- (Wolgast [1400]-Schlo� Darsim 17 Apr 1457).

c)         JUTTA (-1388).� m ([1377]) as his first wife, BOGISLAW VI Duke of Pomerania, son of BARNIM IV Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast und R�gen & his wife Sophie von Werle-G�strow [Mecklenburg] ([1350/56]-7 Mar 1393).

d)         MECHTHILDIS (-8 Oct ----).� Nun 1381.� Abbess of Wienhausen 1386/1405, resigned.

4.         ALBRECHT (-1383 or after).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ereck, de ander Albrecht� as the two sons of �Erike de erste, Hertoghe Johannes sone to Sassen� and his wife �Elizabeth des Hertoghen dochter to Stettyn[717].� Teutonic Knight 1346.� Waldmeister at Balga 1376/1379.� Comtur at Brandenburg 1380/1383.�

5.         MAGNUS (-1346 or after).�

 

 

BERNHARD von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of ERICH IV Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sophie von Braunschweig (-16 Jul 1463, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Bernd�, who inherited �de Herschopp to Louenborch�, third of the three sons of �Hertoghe Ereke to Sassen, ein Her to Louenborch� and his wife[718].� He succeeded his brother in 1435 as BERNHARD II Herzog von Sachsen in Lauenburg und Ratzeburg.�

m (2 Feb 1429) ADELHEID von Pommern, daughter of BOGISLAW VIII Duke of Pomerania in Hinterpommern & his wife Sophie von Holstein ([1410]-after 1445).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghe Bernd, Hertoghen Ereken sone to Sassen, unde eyn Here to Louenborch� married �Alheys, des Hertoghen dochter to Pomeren in der Slesye[719].�

Bernhard & his wife had two children:�

1.         JOHANN von Sachsen-Lauenburg (18 Jul 1439-15 Aug 1507, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Johanns�, who succeeded his father, as the son of �Hertoghe Bernd, Hertoghen Ereken sone to Sassen, unde eyn Here to Louenborch� and his wife[720].� He succeeded his father in 1463 as JOHANN V Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.� m (L�neburg 12 Feb 1464) DOROTHEA von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH II Markgraf and Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Katharina von Sachsen (1446-1519 before 20 Mar, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral). �Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Dorothea�, who married �Hertoghen Hans te Loenborch�, second of the two daughters of �Marggreve Frederick de elder, Marggreve Frederikes sone to Brandenborch� and his wife[721].� Johann & his wife had thirteen children:�

a)         ERICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-20 Oct 1522).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Erekes� first among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[722].� Canon at K�ln Cathedral 1490.� Canon at Hildesheim Cathedral 1492.� Elected Bishop of Hildesheim 1503/1504.� Bishop of M�nster 1508.

b)         MAGNUS von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-1 Aug 1543, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Magnus� second among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[723].� He succeeded his father in 1507 as MAGNUS I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.�

-������� see below.�

c)         BERNHARD von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-3 Jan 1524).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Bernd� third among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[724].� Provost at M�nster Cathedral 1510.� Canon and provost at K�ln, St Gereon 1512.

d)         JOHANN von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-20 Nov 1547).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Hans� fourth among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[725].� Bishop of Hildesheim 1504, resigned 1527.�� Johann had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

i)          JOHANN von Sachsen .� A priest in Berkenthin, near Ratzeburg 1538.

ii)         BERNHARD von Sachsen ([1530-Livonia [1592/1612]).� He served in the Swedish army.� m firstly (before 1555) --- (-1590).� m secondly (before 1591) DOROTHEA von Lewald, daughter of JOHANN von Lewald [Liebenrode] zu Malla & his wife Magdalene von Rosen a.d.H. Hochrosen.� Bernhard & his first wife had three children:�

(a)        GIESELA von Sachsen .� She was known as "die sch�ne Buhlerin/the beautiful prostitute"[726].� m (1575) ADAM von Tschammer, son of ---.� Counsellor of the duchy of Sachsen-Lauenburg 1593.� Mistress of: her cousin, MORITZ Herzog zu Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylla von Sachsen (1551-Buxtehude 2 Nov 1612, bur Ratzeburg).�

(b)        daughter .� 1581/1615.� m KONRAD von Sondershausen, son of ---.� Counsellor of the duchy of Sachsen-Lauenburg 1575/1581.�

(c)        SIBYLLE ([1560]-after 1615).� m (Buxtehude 2 Jul 1593) EMEKE von Roeder zu Gr�nholt, son of ---.� 1582/1593.

e)         RUDOLF von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-1503, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral). �Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Roleff� fifth among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[727].�

f)          HEINRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-young). �Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Hinrick� who died young sixth among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[728].�

g)         FRIEDRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-before 1501). �Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Frederick� who died young seventh among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[729].�

h)         ADELHEID von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-young). �Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Aleys� who died young eldest of the six daughters of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[730].�

i)          KATHARINA von Sachsen-Lauenburg .� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Katerina�, a nun, second of the six daughters of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[731].� A nun in Reinbek.

j)          ELISABETH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-after 7 Apr 1542[732]).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Elizabeth� third of the six daughters of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[733].� m (Einbeck 26 Aug 1494) HEINRICH IV Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of HEINRICH III Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Margareta von Sagan [Piast] ([1460]-Salzderhelden 6 Dec 1526).

k)         SOPHIE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-before 1497, bur Obernkirchen).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Soffya� fourth of the six daughters of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[734].� m (29 Nov 1492) as his first wife, ANTONIUS Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg, son of OTTO II Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Honstein ([1439]-22 Dec 1526, bur Obernkirchen).� He succeeded his brother in 1498 as Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg in Rodenberg und Schaumburg.�

l)          ANNA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-Burg Ohsen 9 Aug 1504, bur Marienau).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Anna�, who married �Greve Hans to Reppyn�, fifth of the six daughters of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[735].� m firstly (early 1490) JOHANN III Graf von Lindau-Ruppin, son of --- (-14 Jun 1500).� m secondly (contract 25 Jun 1503) FRIEDRICH Graf von Spiegelberg in Spiegelberg und Pyrmont, son of --- (-Pyrmont 5 Mar 1537, bur Marienau).�

m)       MARGARETA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-young).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Margareta� who died �ein junckfruwe� sixth of the six daughters of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[736].�

2.         SOPHIE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-9 Sep 1473).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Soffya�, who married �den Hertoghen van den Barge�, as daughter of �Hertoghe Bernd, Hertoghen Ereken sone to Sassen, unde eyn Here to Louenborch� and his wife[737].� The Memorienbuch of D�sseldorf St Maria records the death "VI Id Sep 1473" of "domine Sophie de Sassen ducisse Juliacensis et Montensis" and in memorial of �domini Gerardi ducis eius conthoralis[738].� m (1444) GERHARD VII Duke of J�lich and Berg, son of WILHELM von J�lich Graf von Ravensberg & his wife Adelheid von Tecklenburg (-18 Aug 1475).

MAGNUS von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of JOHANN V Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Dorothea von Brandenburg (-1 Aug 1543, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Magnus� second among the seven sons of �Hertoghe Hans, Hertoghen Berndes sone to Sassen under so Louenborch� and his wife[739].� He succeeded his father in 1507 as MAGNUS I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.� He converted to Lutheranism in 1531[740].�

m (Wolfenb�ttel [17/20] Nov 1509) KATHARINA von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel, daughter of HEINRICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel & his wife Katharina von Pommern (-Neuhaus 29 Jun 1563, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).�

Magnus & his wife had six children:�

1.         FRANZ von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1510-Buxtehude 19 Mar 1581, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1543 as FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.� He abdicated in favour of his son in 1571 but resumed power in 1574.� m (Dresden 8 Feb 1540) SIBYLLE von Sachsen, daughter of HEINRICH "der Fromme" Herzog von Sachsen & his wife Katharina von Mecklenburg (Freiberg 2 May 1515-Buxtehude 18 Jul 1592, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth of �Freulein Sibylla� in 1515 �am Abend des heil. Creutzes Erfindung�, her betrothal 1538 with �Hertzog Franciscus von der Lauenburg�, and their marriage �zu Dresden Sonntags Esto mihi� 1540[741].� Mistress (1): ---.� Mistress (2): ELSE Rautenstein, daughter of HEINRICH Rautenstein, from Otterndorf & his wife ---.� She married (before 13 Nov 1573) Hermann Albrecht, son of --- (1542-1544).� Franz I & his wife had eight children:�

a)         DOROTHEA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (L�neburg 11 Mar 1543-Herzberg 5 Apr 1586, bur Osterode �gidienkirche).� m (Osterode 10 Dec 1570) WOLFGANG Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, son of PHILIPP I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Katharina von Mansfeld (Herzberg 6 Apr 1531-Herzberg 14 Mar 1595, bur Osterode �gidienkirche).

b)         MAGNUS von Sachsen-Lauenburg ([1544/46]-Ratzeburg 14 May 1603, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Field Marshal in the Swedish army 1566.� He succeeded his father in 1571 as MAGNUS II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, until 1574 when his father resumed power, and again on his father's death in 1581.�

-������� see below.�

c)         FRANZ von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg St Lorenz 10 Aug 1547-Lauenburg 2 Jul 1619, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� He succeeded his brother in 1587 as FRANZ II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.�

-������� see below.�

d)         SIDONIE KATHARINA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-Jul 1594).� m firstly (Teschen 25 Nov 1567) as his second wife, WENZEL III ADAM Duke of Teschen, son of WENZEL [II] von Teschen [Piast] & his wife Anna von Brandenburg-Ansbach (Dec 1524-4 Nov 1579).� m secondly (Teschen 17 Feb 1586) EMMERICH [III] Forgach Obergespann [Graf] von Trentschin [Trencs�n], son of --- (-1599).

e)         HEINRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (11 Nov 1550-Bremerv�rde 23 Apr 1585). Archbishop of Bremen 1566.� Bishop of Osnabr�ck 1574.� Administrator of Paderborn 1577.� He died after falling from his horse[742].� m (Hagen bei Bremen 25 Oct 1575) ANNA von Broich, daughter of Professor Dr --- Betzdorf, from K�ln & his wife ---.

f)          MORITZ zu Sachsen-Lauenburg (1551-Buxtehude 2 Nov 1612, bur Ratzeburg).� m (28 Nov 1581,� divorced 1582) KATHARINA von Sp�rck, daughter of GUSTAV von Sp�rck, from Dahlenburg & his wife ---.� Mistress (1): his cousin, GIESELA von Sachsen, wife of ADAM von Tschammer, daughter of BERNHARD von Sachsen & his first wife ---.� Moritz had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):�

i)          MORITZ Rautenstein (-after 1639).� Governor of Varel, Oldenburg 1617/1639.� m ---.� The name of Moritz�s wife is not known.� Moritz & his wife had [one possible child]:�

(a)        [HANS ERNST Rautenstein (-after 1654).� Governor of Pewsum, Oldenburg 1649/1654.]�

ii)         JULIUS ERNST Rautenstein (Lauenburg [1590]-[1660]).� Organist in Magdeburg, Halberstadt, Quedlinburg and Bremen.� Head organist in Mitau in 1645, later in Stettin.� Composer[743].� m ---.� The name of Julius Ernst�s wife is not known.� Julius Ernst & his wife had four children: �

(a)        JULIUS Rautenstein (chr Quedlinburg 9 Jul 1627-).� At the university of K�nigsberg, Prussia in 1642.�

(b)        MORITZ Rautenstein (chr Quedlinburg 3 Nov 1628-).�

(c)        DOROTHEA Rautenstein (chr Quedlinburg 20 Jul 1630-).�

(d)        HEINRICH Rautenstein (chr Quedlinburg 7 Dec 1632-).�

g)         URSULA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Lauenburg [1552/53]-Schernebeck 12 Oct 1620, bur Dannenberg St Johannis).� m (1569) HEINRICH I Herzog von Braunschweig und L�neburg in Dannenberg, son of ERNST "der Bekenner" joint Herzog von Braunschweig in L�neburg & his wife Sophie von Mecklenburg (Celle 4 Jun 1533-Dannenberg 19 Jan 1598, bur Dannenberg St Johannes).

h)         FRIEDRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1554-K�ln 30 Nov 1586, bur K�ln).� Canon at St Gereon, K�ln 1567.� Chorbischof at K�ln 1574/1586.� Deacon at Strasbourg Cathedral 1583/1584.� Provost at Bremen Cathedral.

Duke Franz I had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):�

i)           FRANZ Rautenstein (-after 26 Dec 1618).� Master lock-gate keeper[744].� m ---.

Duke Franz I had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (2):�

j)           KATHARINA von Sachsen .� 1565/87.� m (1579) JOHANN Grotjan, son of ---.� B�rger and tavern keeper at Buxtehude 1579/1604[745].

2.         DOROTHEA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (9 Jul 1511-Sonderburg 7 Oct 1571, bur Roskilde Cathedral).� m (Lauenburg 29 Oct 1525) CHRISTIAN of Denmark, son of FREDERIK I King of Denmark, King of Norway & his first wife Anna von Brandenburg (Gottorf 12 Aug 1503-Kolding 1 Jan 1559, bur Roskilde Cathedral).� He succeeded in 1533 as Herzog von Schleswig und Holstein, and in 1534 as CHRISTIAN III King of Denmark and Norway.�

3.         KATHARINA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (24 Sep 1513-Stockholm 23 Sep 1535).� m (Stockholm 24 Sep 1531) as his first wife, GUSTAF I King of Sweden, son of ERIK Johansson & his wife Cecilia Magnusdotter (Lindholmen 12 May 1496-Stockholm 29 Sep 1560).�

4.         SOPHIE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (-Oevelg�nne 13 May 1571).� m (Oldenburg 1 Jan 1537) ANTON I Graf von Oldenburg und Delmenhorst, son of JOHANN VI Graf von Oldenburg und Delmenhorst & his wife Anna von Anhalt (1505-Oldenburg 22 Jan 1573, bur Oldenburg St Lambert). �

5.         KLARA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (13 Dec 1518-Barth auf R�gen 27 Mar 1576, bur Barth Marienkirche).� m (Neuhaus im Darssingk 29 Sep 1547) FRANZ Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg in Gifhorn, son of HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in L�neburg & his first wife Margareta von Sachsen (Ulzen 23 Nov 1508-Gifhorn 22/23 Nov 1549, bur Gifhorn).

6.         URSULA (-Minden 31 Dec 1577, bur Minden).� m (Schwerin 24 May 1551) as his third wife, HEINRICH V "der Friedfertige" Herzog von Mecklenburg, son of MAGNUS II Herzog von Mecklenburg & his wife Sophie von Pommern-Stettin (3 May 1479-Schwerin 6 Feb 1552, bur Schwerin Cathedral).�

 

 

MAGNUS von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylle von Sachsen ([1544/46]-Ratzeburg 14 May 1603, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Field Marshal in the Swedish army 1566.� He succeeded his father in 1571 as MAGNUS II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, until 1574 when his father resumed power, and again on his father's death in 1581.� Major General in the French army 1581.� He was deposed and imprisoned in 1587.�

m (4 Jul 1568) SOPHIE Pss of Sweden, daughter of GUSTAF I King of Sweden & his second wife Margareta Eriksdotter [Leijonhufvud] (29 Oct 1547-17 Mar 1611).� Magnus II & his wife had two children:�

1.         GUSTAF von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Schlo� V�steraas 31 Aug 1570-Stockholm 11 Nov 1597, bur 1598 Uppsala Cathedral).� Vice-regent of Sweden 5 Aug 1597.� Mistress (1): ANNA Lillje, daughter of KNUT Lillje, from �kna [Swedish Marshall and Governor] & his wife Anna Bese.� Gustaf had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

a)         MAGNUS Rutenkrantz (Stockholm 1590-1640-Stockholm, bur Santa Maria).� Lieutenant Colonel in the Swedish army.� m CHRISTINA Mannesk�ld, daughter of CHRISTER Karlsson Mannesk�ld, from Seglinge & his wife Brita Bj�rnsdatter [Baath] (-before 1640).� Magnus & his wife had three children: �

i)          GUSTAF Rutenkrantz ([1630]-W�sterwik, Smoland Oct 1704, bur Fittja).� m (before 1670) WENDLA Leyonram, daughter of JONAS Leyonram, from Locknewi [Lieutenant Colonel in the Swedish army] & his wife Margaretha --- (-Mar 1677, bur 21 Mar 1677 Rumskulda).� Gustaf & his wife had four children:�

(1)        three daughters .�

(2)        WENDLA Rutenkrantz (29 Mar 1676-9 Dec 1732).� m (Locknewi 9 Mar 1714) KLAUS Mensen (-Kirchspiel [Ksp] Locknewi 5 May 1727).�

ii)         CARL Rutenkrantz ([1630]-Sundswall 1 Jun 1713).� He was confirmed in the Swedish nobility 6 Apr 1671[746].� Lieutenant Colonel in the Swedish army 1705.� m (Stockholm St Jakob 29 Apr 1680) REGINA Drummond, daughter of JAKOB Drummond [Lieutenant Colonel in the Swedish army] & his wife Elisabeth Clerck (-[1717]).�

iii)        son .� 1640.�

b)         KNUT (-young).�

c)          GUSTAF ([1594]-after 1610).

d)         BIRGITTA ([1596]-after 1674).� m firstly ([1620]) PETER Kaase, son of --- (-[1630/32]).� m secondly (Sj�ared [Tofteryd Ksp Senoland] 3 Feb 1633) ANDERS Straale af Sj�ared, from Straaln�s, son of --- (-1649, bur Aasbo).�

2.         son ([1571/73]-1573).

 

 

FRANZ von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Sibylle von Sachsen (Ratzeburg St Lorenz 10 Aug 1547-Lauenburg 2 Jul 1619, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� He succeeded his brother in 1587 as FRANZ II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.� Field Marshal in the Imperial army 1595.�

m firstly (Wolgast 26 Dec 1574) MARGARETA von Pommern, daughter of PHILIPP Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his wife Maria von Sachsen (19 Mar 1553-Ratzeburg 7 Sep 1581, bur Ratzeburg).�

m secondly (Wolfenb�ttel 10 Nov 1582) MARIE von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel, daughter of JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel & his wife Hedwig von Brandenburg (Schladen 13 Jan 1566-Lauenburg 13 Aug 1626, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).�

Franz & his first wife had five children:�

1.         MARIE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg 18 Feb 1576-Schwarzenbek 13 Mar 1625, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� Canoness at Gandersheim 1619.�

2.         AUGUST von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Ratzenburg 17 Feb 1577-18 Jan 1656, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1619 as AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.� m firstly (Husum 5 Mar 1621) ELISABETH SOPHIE Herzogin von Holstein-Gottorp, daughter of JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Holstein-Gottorp & his wife Augusta Pss of Denmark (12 Oct 1599-Ratzeburg 25 Nov 1627, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� m secondly (4 Jun 1633) KATHARINA Gr�fin von Oldenburg, daughter of JOHANN VIII Graf von Oldenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen ([Oldenburg] 20 Sep 1582-29 Feb 1644, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� August & his first wife had six children:�

a)         SOPHIE MARGARETE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg 6 Aug 1622-6 Mar 1637, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).� She died of smallpox[747].�

b)         FRANZ AUGUST von Sachsen-Lauenburg (4 Jul 1623-19 Apr 1625, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).

c)         ANNA ELISABETH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (23 Aug 1624-Philippseck 27 May 1688, bur M�nster bei Butzbach).� m (L�beck 2 Apr 1665, divorced 24 Aug 1672) as his second wife, WILHELM CHRISTOPH Landgraf von Hessen-Homburg zu Bingenheim, son of FRIEDRICH I "der �ltere" Landgraf von Hessen-Homburg & his wife Margareta Elisabeth Gr�fin von Leiningen-Westerburg (Ober-Rosbach 13 Nov 1625-Homburg 27 Aug 1681, bur Homburg Stadtkirche).

d)         SIBYLLE HEDWIG von Sachsen-Lauenburg (30 Jul 1625-Ratzeburg 1 Aug 1703).� m ([7 Sep 1653/8 Jan 1654]) her first cousin, FRANZ ERDMANN Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of JULIUS HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his second wife Elisabeth Sophie von Brandenburg (Theusing 25 Feb 1629-Schwarzenbek 30 Jul 1666, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� He succeeded his father in 1665 as FRANZ ERDMANN Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.�

e)         JOHANN ADOLF von Sachsen-Lauenburg (22 Oct 1626-Ratzeburg 23 Apr 1646, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).

f)          PHILIPP FRIEDRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (11 Nov 1627-16 Nov 1627, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).

3.         PHILIPP von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg 17 Aug 1578-Lauenburg 18 Apr 1605, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).

4.         KATHARINA URSULA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg 18 Apr 1580-18 Apr 1611).�

5.         son (Ratzeburg 6 Sep 1581-Ratzeburg [7/12] Sep 1581, bur Ratzeburg Cathedral).�

Franz & his second wife had fourteen children:�

6.         FRANZ JULIUS von Sachsen-Lauenburg (13 Sep 1584-Vienna 8 Oct 1634).� m (14 May 1620) AGNES Herzogin von W�rttemberg, daughter of JOHANN FRIEDRICH Herzog von W�rttemberg & his wife Sibylle von Anhalt-Zerbst (Stuttgart 7 May 1592-Stuttgart 25 Nov 1629, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).� Franz Julius & his wife had seven children:�

a)         FRANZISKA MARIA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (17 Feb 1621-27 Jun 1621).

b)         MARIE SIBYLLE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (29 Mar 1622-6 Feb 1623).

c)         FRANZ FRIEDRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (30 May 1623-24 May 1625).�

d)         FRANZ JULIUS von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1 Dec 1624-20 Jan 1625).

e)         JOHANNA JULIANE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (31 May 1626-3 Jun 1626, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).

f)          FERDINAND FRANZ von Sachsen-Lauenburg (13 Oct 1628-20 Jan 1629, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).

g)         FRANZ LUDWIG von Sachsen-Lauenburg (17 Nov 1629-Stuttgart 28 Nov 1629, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).

7.         JULIUS HEINRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Wolfenb�ttel 9 Apr 1586-Prague 20 Nov 1665, bur Schlakenwerth Gruftkapelle).� Pfandherr zu Schlakenwerth am B�hm 1623.� Herr zu Schlakenwerth und Theusing 1625.� He succeeded his brother in 1656 as JULIUS HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.�

-������� see below.�

8.         ERNST LUDWIG von Sachsen-Lauenburg (7 Jun 1587-killed in battle Aschau 15 Jul 1620, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).

9.         HEDWIG SIBYLLE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (15 Oct 1588-4 Jun 1635).

10.      JULIANA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (26 Dec 1589-Norburg 1 Dec 1630).� m (1 Aug 1627) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg, son of JOHAN of Denmark Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg & his first wife Elisabeth Herzogin von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (26 Nov 1581-Norburg 22 Jul 1658, bur 1813 Norburg).

11.      SABINE KATHARINA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1 May 1591-2 May 1591, bur Wolfenb�ttel Beate Maria).

12.      JOACHIM SIGISMUND von Sachsen-Lauenburg (31 May 1593-10 Apr 1629, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).

13.      FRANZ KARL von Sachsen-Lauenburg (2 May 1594-Schlo� Neuhaus an der Elbe 30 Nov 1660, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� He converted to Roman Catholicism in 1630.� m firstly (Schlo� Barth, R�gen 19 Sep 1628) as her second husband, AGNES von Brandenburg, widow of PHILIPP JULIUS Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast, daughter of JOHANN GEORG Elector of Brandenburg & his third wife Elisabeth von Anhalt-Zerbst (Berlin 17 Jul 1584-Schlo� Neuhaus an der Elbe 16/26 Mar 1629, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� m secondly (early Sep 1639) as her second husband, KATHARINA Markgr�fin von Brandenburg, widow of G�BOR Bethlen Prince of Transylvania, daughter of JOHANN SIGISMUND Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Anna Pss von Preu�en (Schlo� K�nigsberg 28 May/7 Jun 1602-Schlo� Sch�ningen 9 Feb 1644).� m thirdly (Vienna 24 Sep 1651) as her second husband, CHRISTINE ELISABETH Gr�fin von Meggau, widow of CHRISTOPH ADOLF Freiherr Teuffel von Gundersdorf, daughter of FERDINAND BALTHASAR Graf von Meggau & his wife Esther Gr�fin von Sulz (-[1689]).� Mistress (1): ---, a washerwoman.� Mistress (2): ---, an English noblewoman.�� Duke Franz Karl had four illegitimate children by Mistress (1):�

a)         FRANZ CARL Rautenkrantz .� Customs official.� 1630/1707.� m (1654) KATHARINA MAGDALENA Kienast, from Neuhaus, daughter of ---.� They left descendants[748].��

b)         WILHELM ALBRECHT von Rautenkrantz ([1635]-Hamburg after 15 Aug 1660).

c)          RUDOLPH von Rautenkrantz ([1635]-).� He died while in the service of the Elector of Brandenburg.

d)         FRANZ von Rautenkrantz .

Duke Franz Karl had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (2):�

e)         ELISABETH CHARLOTTE von Rautenkrantz ([1640]-after 1657).� m (Neuhaus 8 Oct 1656) ANTON RICHARD von Wedel, from Kannenberg in Hinterpommern, son of --- (-[1665/90]).� Hofmeister at Neuhaus.�

14.      RUDOLF MAXIMILIAN von Sachsen-Lauenburg (18 Jun 1596-L�beck 1 Oct 1647).� m CATERINA de Dulcina, from Venice, daughter of ---.

15.      HEDWIG MARIE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (7 Aug 1597-29 Aug 1644).� m (1636) ANNIBALE Gonzaga Principe di Bozzolo, son of --- (1602-2 Aug 1668).

16.      FRANZ ALBRECHT von Sachsen-Lauenburg (31 Oct 1598-killed in battle Schweidnitz 10 Jun 1642, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� m firstly --- (-7 Oct 1625).� m secondly (G�strow 21 Feb 1640) as her first husband, CHRISTINE MARGARETE Herzogin von Mecklenburg-G�strow, daughter of JOHANN ALBRECHT II Herzog von Mecklenburg-G�strow & his wife Margarete Elisabeth Herzogin von Mecklenburg (G�strow Mar 1615-Wolfenb�ttel 6/16 Aug 1666, bur Wolfenb�ttel Beat� Mari� Virgin�).� She married secondly (Hamburg 6 Jul 1650) as his first wife, her first cousin, Christian Ludwig Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who succeeded his father in 1658 as Christian Ludwig I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin.�

17.      JOHANN GEORG von Sachsen-Lauenburg (8 Feb 1600-4 Feb 1601, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).

18.      SOPHIE HEDWIG von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Lauenburg 24 May 1601-Gl�cksburg 21 Feb 1660, bur Gl�cksburg).� m (Neuhaus bei Boizenburg an der Elbe 23 May 1624) PHILIPP Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg in Gl�cksburg, son of JOHAN of Denmark Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg & his first wife Elisabeth Herzogin von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (Sondershausen 15 Mar 1584-Gl�cksburg 27 Sep 1663, bur Gl�cksburg).

19.      FRANZ HEINRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (9 Apr 1604-26 Sep or 26 Nov 1658, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� Colonel in the Swedish army.� m (Treptow an der Tollense 13 Dec 1637) MARIE JULIANE Gr�fin von Nassau-Siegen, daughter of JOHANN VII "der Mittelste" Graf von Nassau-Siegen & his second wife Margarete Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (Siegen 14 Aug 1612-Franzhagen 21 Jan 1665, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).

a)         KATHARINE MARIE SOPHIE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (25 Dec 1640-12 Jul 1641).

b)         CHRISTINE JULIANE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (23 Mar 1642-11 May 1644).

c)         ERDMUTHE SOPHIE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (5 Jun 1644-Billwerder 22 Aug 1689, bur Franzhagen, transferred 1716 to B�chen).� m (31 Oct/9 Nov 1665, divorced) GUSTAV RUDOLF Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, son of ADOLF FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his first wife Anna Marie Gr�fin von Ostfriesland (Schwerin 26 Feb/4 Mar 1632-Tempzin 14/24 May 1670, bur Franzhagen).

d)         FRANZ von Sachsen-Lauenburg (b and d 14 May 1645).

e)         ELEONORE CHARLOTTE von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Marienfliess 8 Aug 1646-Franzhagen 26 Jan 1709, bur Franzhagen).� m (Franzhagen [31 Oct/1 Nov] 1676) CHRISTIAN ADOLF I Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg zu Franzhagen, son of JOHANN CHRISTIAN Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein zu Sonderburg & his wife Anna Gr�fin von Oldenburg (Sonderburg 3 Jun 1641-Hamburg 11 Jan 1702, bur Franzhagen).

f)          ERDMANN von Sachsen-Lauenburg (6 Oct 1649-24 May 1660).

Franz Heinrich had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:�

g)         MARIA CHRISTIANE von Rautenkrantz ([1642]-after 1679).� m ([1660]) HANS GEBHARD Edler Herr von Plotho zu Parey, son of --- (-Stegelitz 4 May 1679).�

h)         JOACHIM FRANZ von Rautenkrantz (Franzhagen 1644-killed in battle near Sinsheim 1679, bur Sinsheim).� m (before 1674) CORDULA VERONIKA von Geys auf Ledsee und Haun, daughter of --- (1646-Altenburg 9 Feb 1722).� Joachim Franz & his wife had one child:�

i)          CARL SIEGMUND von Rautenkrantz zu Rautenberg (Meissen 18 Jul 1675-Altenburg 1 Sep 1760). Lieutenant General in the army of Sachsen-Gotha.� Kommandant of Altenburg am Th�r.� m (Altenburg 24 Sep 1716) MAGDALENA FRANZISKA SIBYLLA Freiin Schmidt von Kirchenberg, daughter of HANNIBAL EHRENREICH Freiherr Schmidt von Kirchenberg & his wife Anna Juliana Zorn von Plobsheim (Hanau 4 Jan 1689-Rautenberg 1752).

 

 

JULIUS HEINRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of FRANZ II Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his second wife Marie von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel (Wolfenb�ttel 9 Apr 1586-Prague 20 Nov 1665, bur Schlakenwerth Gruftkapelle).� Pfandherr zu Schlakenwerth am B�hm 1623.� Herr zu Schlakenwerth und Theusing 1625.� He succeeded his brother in 1656 as JULIUS HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.�

m firstly (Grabow 7 Mar 1617) as her third husband, ANNA Gr�fin von Ostfriesland, widow firstly of LUDWIG VI Elector Palatine and secondly of ERNST FRIEDRICH Markgraf von Baden-Durlach, daughter of EDZARD II Graf von Ostfriesland & his wife Katharina of Sweden (Aurich 26/28 Jun 1562-Neuhaus am Elbe, Bohemia 27 Apr 1621, bur Heidelberg Heiliggeistkirche).�

m secondly (Theusing 27 Feb 1628) as her second husband, ELISABETH SOPHIE von Brandenburg, widow of JANUS F�rst Radziwiłł, daughter of JOHANN GEORG Elector of Brandenburg & his third wife Elisabeth von Anhalt-Zerbst (Berlin 13 Jul 1589-Frankfurt an der Oder 24 Dec 1629, bur Frankfurt an der Oder, Marienkirche).�

m thirdly (Vienna 18 Aug 1632) as her second husband, ANNA MAGDALENE Freiin von Lobkowicz, widow of ZDENKO [Hinko] Kolowrat, daughter of WILHELM von Lobkowicz zu Bilin & his wife Benigna Katharina von Lobkowicz (-7 Sep 1668, bur Schlakenwerth Gruftkapelle).�

Julius Heinrich & his second wife had one child:�

1.         FRANZ ERDMANN von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Theusing 25 Feb 1629-Schwarzenbek 30 Jul 1666, bur Lauenburg Stadtkirche).� He succeeded his father in 1665 as FRANZ ERDMANN Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.� m ([7 Sep 1653/8 Jan 1654]) his first cousin, SIBYLLE HEDWIG von Sachsen-Lauenburg, daughter of AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his first wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin von Holstein (30 Jul 1625-Ratzeburg 1 Aug 1703).�

Julius Heinrich & his third wife had six children:�

2.         JULIUS HEINRICH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Vienna 10 Jun 1633-Prague 21 Feb 1634).�

3.         FRANZISKA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Prague 2 Jun 1634-Prague 20 Nov 1634).�

4.         MARIA BENIGNA FRANZISKA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Regensburg 10 Jul 1635-Vienna 1 Dec 1701, bur Vienna St Stephan).� m (4 Jun 1651) OCTAVIO Piccolomini Duca di Amalfi, son of --- (1599 -Vienna 10 Aug 1656).�

5.         FRANZ WILHELM von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Prague 17 Apr 1639-Prague 28 Jun 1639).�

6.         FRANZISKA ELISABETH von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Regensburg 21 Feb 1640-Regensburg 21 Feb 1640).�

7.         JULIUS FRANZ von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Prague 16 Sep 1641-Reichstadt 30 Sep 1689, bur Schlakenwerth Gruftkapelle).� He succeeded his father in 1666 as JULIUS FRANZ Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.� m (Sulzbach 9 Apr 1668) MARIA HEDWIG AUGUSTA Pfalzgr�fin von Sulzbach, daughter of CHRISTIAN AUGUST Pfalzgraf von Sulzbach & his wife Amalie Gr�fin von Nassau-Siegen (Sulzbach 15 Apr 1650-Hamburg 23 November 1681, bur Schlackenworth Gruftkapelle).� Julius Franz & his wife had four children:�

a)         MARIA ANNA THERESIA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (18 Sep 1670-25 Dec 1671).�

b)         ANNA MARIA FRANZISKA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Neuhaus an der Elbe 13 Jun 1672-Reichstadt 15 Oct 1741, bur Reichstadt).� m firstly (Raudnitz 29 Oct 1690) PHILIPP WILHELM AUGUST Pfalzgraf von Neuburg, son of PHILIPP WILHELM Elector Palatine, Pfalzgraf und Herzog von Neuburg & his second wife Elisabeth Amalie Magdalena Landgr�fin von Hessen-Darmstadt (Neuburg 18 Nov 1668-Reichstadt 10 Apr 1693, bur Reichstadt).� m secondly (D�sseldorf 2 Jul 1697, separated) GIOVANNI GASTONE de' Medici Prince of Tuscany, son of COSIMO III Grand Duke of Tuscany & his wife Marguerite Louise d�Orl�ans (Florence 24 May 1671-Florence 9 Jul 1737).� He succeeded his father in 1723 as GIOVANNI GASTONE Grand Duke of Tuscany.�

c)         son (28 Oct 1673-4 Nov 1673, bur Schlakenwerth Gruftkapelle).�

d)         MARIA SIBYLLA AUGUSTA von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg 21 Jan 1675-Ettlingen 10 Jul 1733, bur Schlakenwerth Gruftkapelle).� She inherited Schlackenwerth, Theusing and Grasengr�n in Bohemia from her father, and later bought Martinstein an der Nahe from the Grafen von Sch�nborn.� m (Schlo� Raudnitz 27 Mar 1690) LUDWIG WILHELM Markgraf von Baden-Baden, son of FERDINAND MAXIMILIAN Erbmarkgraf von Baden-Baden & his wife Louise Christine Pss de Savoie-Carignan (Paris 8 Apr 1655-Rastatt 4 Jan 1707, bur Baden-Baden Stiftskirche).

 

 

 

 

Chapter 8.��� ELECTORS of SAXONY (WETTIN)

 

 

Many of the details about the Electors of Saxony and their family are based on Huberty[749] and Europ�ische Stammtafeln[750].� Posse also includes brief biographical details, supported by primary source references as noted below.�

 

 

A.����� ELECTORS of SAXONY 1423-1806

 

 

FRIEDRICH von Meissen, son of FRIEDRICH III "der Strenge" joint Markgraf von Meissen & his wife Katharina von Henneberg (11 Apr 1370-Altenburg 4 Jan 1428, bur Meissen Cathedral).� The Annales Veterocellenses record the birth "1370 in cena Domini" of "Fridericus filius Friderici marchioni Misniensis"[751].� He succeeded his father in 1381 as FRIEDRICH IV "der Streitbare" Markgraf von Meissen and Landgraf of Thuringia, jointly with his brothers.� From 1382 im Osterland Landsberg.� �Friedrich, Wilhelm und Georg� donated property to Altenburg for masses �als unser vatir seliger gestorben ist an sente Urbanstage� by charter dated 25 Sep 1401[752].� He was installed in 1423 by the Emperor as FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Sachsen, Elector of Saxony, in succession to Albrecht IV last Elector of Saxony of the Askanier family who had died in 1422.� The Annales Veterocellenses record in 1423 that "Fridericus senior marchio Misnensis, efficitur dux Saxonie in prima ebdomada quadragesime, id est Invocavit[753].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) reproduces the emperor�s charters connected with the appointment[754].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death �Non Ianuarii...in Aldiburg, sepultus in Misna� 1428 of "Fridericus dux Saxonie et marchio Misnensis, Thuringie lantgravius�, leaving �heredes Fridericum, Sigismundum, Henricum, Wilhelmum et duas filias Annam et Katherinam[755].� An epitaph at Meissen records the death 1428 �dominica prima post circumcisionis� of �Fridericus dux Saxoni� Sac Rom Imper Archimarschal Thuring Landgr March Mis[756].�

m (8 Feb 1402) KATHARINA von Braunschweig, daughter of HEINRICH Herzog von Braunschweig in L�neburg & his first wife Sophie von Pommern (-Grimma 28 Dec 1442, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Katherina�, who married �Marggreven Frederiken to Myssen�, as the daughter of �Hertoghe Hinrick, Hertoghe Magnus sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch� and his first wife[757].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death in 1442 of "Katherina de Brunswyg ducissa Saxonie et marchionissa Misnensis, ibidem [no place specified] sepulta[758].�

Elector Friedrich I & his wife had [seven] children:�

1.         [KATHARINA (-young, bur Meissen Cathedral).� The �Lochauer Inschriften� record the burial with her parents in Meissen Cathedral (�...in der fursten capellen�) of their daughter �deme freweleyn Katherinan, dy iung gestorbin ist[759].� Posse discusses doubts about the accuracy of this entry, noting that in 1786 no remains were found �im Kloster Altzelle�, although suggesting that by that date �sind die zarten Gebeine offenbar in Asche zerfallen[760].]�

2.         FRIEDRICH (Leipzig 1412-Leipzig 7 Sep 1464, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Frederick...eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes� first of the three sons of �Marggreve Frederick to Myssen, Lantgreve to D�ringh� and his wife[761].� He succeeded his father in 1428 as FRIEDRICH II "der Sanftm�tige" Elector of Saxony, Joint Herzog zu Sachsen jointly with his brothers.�

-������� see below.�

3.         SIGISMUND (Grimma 3 Mar 1416-in prison in Rochlitz 24 Dec 1471, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Sygemunt...Bischopp to W�rtzburgk� third of the three sons of �Marggreve Frederick to Myssen, Lantgreve to D�ringh� and his wife[762].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the birth in 1416 of "Sigismundus marchio, filius predicto Friderici, in carnis privio[763].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death �Non Ianuarii...� 1428 of "Fridericus dux Saxonie et marchio Misnensis, Thuringie lantgravius�, leaving �heredes Fridericum, Sigismundum, Henricum, Wilhelmum et duas filias Annam et Katherinam[764].� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1437.� Bishop of W�rzburg 1440, resigned 1443.� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records details of his career[765].�

4.         ANNA (5 Jun 1420-17 Sep 1462, bur Spangenberg Stadtkirche).� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death �Non Ianuarii...� 1428 of "Fridericus dux Saxonie et marchio Misnensis, Thuringie lantgravius�, leaving �heredes Fridericum, Sigismundum, Henricum, Wilhelmum et duas filias Annam et Katherinam[766].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Catharinam...et Annam� as the two daughters of �Fridericus Dux Saxoni�...primus� and his wife, noting that Anna married �Ludovico Hassorum Lantgravio[767].� m (Kassel 8 Sep 1433) LUDWIG III "der Friedsame" Landgraf Herr von Hessen, son of HERMANN II "der Gelehrte" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his second wife Margareta von N�rnberg (-Spangenberg 17 Jan 1458, bur Marburg Elisabethkirche).�

5.         KATHARINA (1421-Berlin 23 Aug 1476, bur Kloster Lehnin).� The Annales Veterocellenses record the birth in 1420 [?] of "Katharina, filia Friderici, dominus Vincencius fit compater[768].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death �Non Ianuarii...� 1428 of "Fridericus dux Saxonie et marchio Misnensis, Thuringie lantgravius�, leaving �heredes Fridericum, Sigismundum, Henricum, Wilhelmum et duas filias Annam et Katherinam[769].� Nun at Seusslitz 1428/1429.� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Marggreve Frederick de elder, Marggreve Frederikes sone to Brandenborch� married �Katherinam, Hertoghen Frederikes unde Wilhelms suster to Sassen...[770].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Catharinam, Marchionis Friderci Brandenburgici Electoris (cui Macri et Senioris cognomen fuit), et Annam...� as the two daughters of �Fridericus Dux Saxoni�...primus� and his wife[771].� m (Wittenberg 11 Jun 1441) FRIEDRICH II Elector of Brandenburg, son of FRIEDRICH I Markgraf and Elector von Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (Tangerm�nde 19 Nov 1413-Neustadt am Aisch 10 Feb 1471, bur Heilsbronn).

6.         HEINRICH (Meissen 21 May 1422-Dresden 22 Jul 1435, bur Dresden Cathedral).� The Annales Veterocellenses record the birth in 1422 of "Hinricus marchio, dicti Friderici filios...12 Kal Iunii[772].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death �Non Ianuarii...� 1428 of "Fridericus dux Saxonie et marchio Misnensis, Thuringie lantgravius�, leaving �heredes Fridericum, Sigismundum, Henricum, Wilhelmum et duas filias Annam et Katherinam[773].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the death in 1435 of �Henricus Saxoni� Dux...filius quartus...Friderici Ducis Saxoni� primi Electoris� and his wife, and his burial �Misen� in sepulchro Principum[774].�

7.         WILHELM (Meissen 30 Apr 1425-Weimar 17 Sep 1482, bur Weimar Franziskanerkirche).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Wilhelm...Lantgreve to Doringh...ein Hertoghe to Sassen� second of the three sons of �Marggreve Frederick to Myssen, Lantgreve to D�ringh� and his wife[775].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death �Non Ianuarii...� 1428 of "Fridericus dux Saxonie et marchio Misnensis, Thuringie lantgravius�, leaving �heredes Fridericum, Sigismundum, Henricum, Wilhelmum et duas filias Annam et Katherinam[776].� Herzog von Luxemburg 1439-1443, and 1457-1469.� He succeeded in 1440 as WILHELM III "der Tapfere" Joint Landgraf of Thuringia, jointly with his brother.� His brother relinquished Thuringia to Wilhelm as sole Landgraf in 1445: the Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno XLV� the agreement between �Fridericus et Vuilhelmus fratres� to divide their lands (no details given) which triggered �inter eos gravis discordia[777].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the death �Anno LXXXII tercia feria Lamberti� of �Vuilelmus lantgravius� and his burial �Wimarie in Monasterio fratrum minorum[778].� m firstly (contract Pressburg early Apr 1439, Jena 20 Jun 1446) ANNA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of ALBRECHT V Duke of Austria [ALBRECHT II King of the Romans, ALBERT King of Hungary, ALBRECHT King of Bohemia] & his wife Elisabeth Pss of Bohemia and Hungary [Luxembourg] (Vienna 12 Apr 1432-Eckartsberga 13 Nov 1462, bur Reinhardsbrunn).� The Necrologium Austriacum names Anna as older daughter of Duke Albrecht[779].� The Catalogus abbatum Sanganensium records that one daughter of "Albertus dux Austrie" married "Wilhelmo lantgravio Thuringie"[780].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the betrothal �Anno XXXIX quarta feria post palmarum in Pressburg�, by named proxies, of �domina Anna etatis sue anno octavo, Alberti Imperatoris filia� and �duci Vuilhelmo Lamtgravio Thuringie...annum quintum decimum�, �Anno XLI dominus Vuilhelmus� proposing �pro dote conjugis sue...ducatum Lutzeburg� which could not proceed because �Dux Burgundie� captured Luxembourg, and the marriage �Anno XLVI...secunda feria post Corporis Christi...in Ihenis� between �dominus Vuilhelmus...cum domina Anna� in the presence of named dignitaries[781].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the death �Anno LXIII� of �domina Anna Vuilhelmi lantgravii conthoralis...in Eckersberge� and her burial �in Reinesbrunne[782].� m secondly (Weimar 6 Jul 1463) as her second husband, KATHARINA von Brandenstein, widow of --- von Hessberg, daughter of EBERHARD von Brandenstein zu Oppurg und Brandenstein & his wife Jutta --- (-Saalfeld 2 Nov 1492, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records that, during his marriage, Wilhelm lived �publice in adulterio� with �Katherina de Brandenstein�, and �Anno LXIII...quinta feria post Visitationem Marie� that �Vuilhelmus lantgravius� married �Catherina de Brandenstein, cum qua antea per longa tempora crimine adulterii se fedavit� in the presence of named witnesses[783].� M�ller�s Annales record the marriage 1463 �Mittwochs nach Mariae Heimsuchung� of �Hertzog Wilhelm III. zu Sachsen� and �Catharina, Eberhards von Brandenstein, zu Rossla Ritters, Tochter, eines von Hessberg aus Francken Witwe...zu Weimar[784].� M�ller�s Annales record the death 1492 �Freytags nach Omnium Sanctorum� of �Hertzog Wilhelms zu Sachsen hinterlassene Wittwe Catharina gebohrne von Brandenstein zu Saalfeld� from where her body was brought to Weimar for burial with her husband[785].� Landgraf Wilhelm & his first wife had two children:

a)         MARGARETA (Weimar 1449-Spandau 13 Jul 1501, bur Berlin Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Margareta�, who married �Marggreve Hans to Brandenborch, Marggreven Albrechtes sone�, as the daughter of �Hertoghe Wilhelm to Sassen, Marggreve to Myssen unde Lantgreve to D�ringh� and his wife[786].� m (Berlin 26 Aug 1476) JOHANN CICERO von Brandenburg, son of ALBRECHT ACHILLES Elector of Brandenburg & his first wife Margareta von Baden (Ansbach 2 Aug 1455-Schlo� Arneburg 9 Jan 1499, bur Berlin Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1486 as JOHANN CICERO Elector of Brandenburg.�

b)         KATHARINA ([1453]-[17 Jan 1534]).� Her birth year is estimated from Hartung recording that 11 Nov 1459 Katharina was �bie sechs jharen[787].� Posse notes her betrothal and the marriage dated 26 Feb 1471 between �Dux...Misnensi filiam suam� and �filio h�retici Hynkoni nomine hoc carnisprivio[788].� Posse records a document dated 24 Oct 1509 in which she was named, notes that �v. Behr giebt als Todestag an 17. Jan. 1534�, but comments that �eine Quelle hierf�r hat sich nicht nachweisen lassen[789].� m (Betrothed 25 Apr 1459, 26 Feb 1471) HEINRICH [Gyndrzych] �Hynek" Duke of M�nsterberg, son of JIŘI von Podiebrad King of Bohemia & his second wife Johanna von Ro�mital zu Blatna (17 May 1452-11 Jul 1492, bur Glatz).� Graf von Glatz.� Herr zu Podiebrad und Kolin 1472. �

 

 

FRIEDRICH von Sachsen, son of FRIEDRICH I "der Streitbare" Elector of Saxony & his wife Katharina von Braunschweig (Leipzig 1412-Leipzig 7 Sep 1464, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Frederick...eyn Korforste des Romeschen Rikes� first of the three sons of �Marggreve Frederick to Myssen, Lantgreve to D�ringh� and his wife[790].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the birth in 1412 of "filius eximii Friderici...in Lipczk[791].� He succeeded his father in 1428 as FRIEDRICH II "der Sanftm�tige" Elector of Saxony, joint Herzog zu Sachsen jointly with his brothers.� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death �Non Ianuarii...� 1428 of "Fridericus dux Saxonie et marchio Misnensis, Thuringie lantgravius�, leaving �heredes Fridericum, Sigismundum, Henricum, Wilhelmum et duas filias Annam et Katherinam[792].� He succeeded in 1440 as joint Landgraf of Thuringia, jointly with his brother Wilhelm.� He agreed a division of the territories in 1445, relinquishing Thuringia to his brother Wilhelm and keeping Meissen himself: the Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno XLV� the agreement between �Fridericus et Vuilhelmus fratres� to divide their lands (no details given) which triggered �inter eos gravis discordia[793].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the death �Anno LXIIII...in Liptzk in vigilia Nativitatis Marie� of �Fridericus dux Saxonie� and his burial �in Misna[794].� An epitaph at Meissen records the death 1464 �feria sexte in nocte nativitatis Mari� virginis� of �Fridericus dux Saxoni� S Rom Imperii Archi-Marschallus princeps elector LantgraviusThuringi� et Marchio Misnensis[795].�

m (Leipzig 3 Jun 1431) MARGARETA of Austria, daughter of ERNST I Duke of Austria & his second wife Cimburka of Mazovia [Piast] (Wiener Neustadt [1416/17]-Altenburg 12 Feb 1486, bur Altenburg Schlo�kirche).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� married �Margaretam, Hertoghen Frederikes dochter in Osterick, Keyser Frederikes suster[796].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the couple�s marriage �Lipsi� die Dominica post festum Corporis Christi� 1431[797].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LXXXVI...dominica Letare� the death of �Friderici Imperatoris...soror sua Domina Margaretha, mater Ernesti et Albertum ducum Saxonie� who had �pro dote Kolditz, Grymme, Libenwerde, Eilenburg, Leisnig, Aldinburg...�, leaving �post mortem magna debita� which were never paid by her sons[798].�

Friedrich II & his wife had eight children (The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records that �Anno LI in viglia Omnium sanctorum Dux Burgundie� sent a delegation to �Fridericum ducem Saxonie...ad despondandam filiam eiusdem Ducis Saxonie filio suo Bastardo�, whose rejection triggered a lengthy dispute[799].� The name of the daughter in question is not specified: maybe her identity was not agreed.):�

1.         AMALIA von Sachsen (Meissen 13 Apr 1435-Rochlitz 19 Nov 1502, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Margareta� [error], who married �Hertoghen Lodewich Van Beveren�, second [error] of the four daughters of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife[800].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Amaliam sive Ameleyam, Ludovici Divitis Bavari� Ducis conjugem� as the oldest of her parents four daughters, noting her birth 1438 [error] �die Mercurii post Palmarum� and the couple�s marriage �Landshuti� 1452[801].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records that, when widowed, Amalia returned to Meissen where she died and was buried �in templo cathedrali�, the epitaph recording her death in 1502[802].� An epitaph at Meissen records the death 1502 �am achten Tag nach Martini� of �Firstin Fraue Amuleye H L von Beiern...Witwe geborne von Sachsen[803].� m (Landshut 21 Mar 1452) LUDWIG IX "der Reiche" Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, son of HEINRICH IV "der Reiche" Duke of Bavaria-Landshut & his wife Margareta of Austria (Burghausen 23 Feb 1417-Landshut 18 Jan 1479, bur Kloster Seligenthal).�

2.         ANNA von Sachsen (Meissen 7 Mar 1437-Neustadt am Aisch 31 Oct 1512, bur Kloster Heilsbronn).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Anna�, who married �Marggreven Albrecht van Brandenborch�, first [error] of the four daughters of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife[804].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Annam, Alberti Marchionis Brandenburgensis uxorem� as second of her parents four daughters, and records her birth �die S. Ambrosii� 1438[805].� m (Ansbach 12 Nov 1458) as his second wife, ALBRECHT ACHILLES Elector of Brandenburg, son of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg [Hohenzollern] & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut (Tangerm�nde 29 Nov 1414-Frankfurt am Main 11 Mar 1486, bur Heilsbronn).�

3.         FRIEDRICH von Sachsen (Meissen 28 Aug 1439-23 Dec 1451, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Fridericum, qui puer vita functus est, an MCCCCLI� as oldest of his parents four sons, in a later passage noting his birth in 1439, and his burial �Misen� in templo cathedrali[806].� His parentage is confirmed by his marriage contract quoted below.� Betrothed (contract 11 Mar 1443[807]) CHARLOTTE de Savoie, daughter of LOUIS I Duke of Savoy & his wife Anne Pss of Cyprus (11 Nov 1441-Amboise, Indre-et-Loire 1 Dec 1483, bur Cl�ry, �glise de Notre-Dame).� The marriage contract between "Federico figlio primogenito di Federico Elettore e Duca di Sassonia" and "Carlotta figlia secundogenita di Ludovico Duca di Savoia" is dated 11 Mar 1443[808].�

4.         ERNST von Sachsen (Meissen 24 Mar 1441-Colditz 26 Aug 1486, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ernest...Korforste...unde...Albrecht� as the two sons of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife[809].� He succeeded his father in 1464 as ERNST Elector of Saxony, and Herzog von Sachsen jointly with his brother Albrecht.�

-������� see below.�

5.         ALBRECHT von Sachsen (Grimma 31 Jul 1443-Emden 12 Sep 1500, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ernest...Korforste...unde...Albrecht� as the two sons of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife[810].� He succeeded his father in 1464 as ALBRECHT "der Beherzte" Herzog von Sachsen, jointly with his brother Ernst.�����

-������� see below.�

6.         MARGARETA von Sachsen ([1444]-after 19 Nov 1498).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Margareta...Ebbetynne to Suslitz� fourth of the four daughters of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife[811].� Nun at Seusslitz 1459: the Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LIX� that �dux Fridericus filiam suam minorem...tunc xv annorum� entered �in die Margarethe in monasterio Sewddelitz Ordinis sancte Clare[812].� Abbess of Seusslitz 1463-1491.�

7.         HEDWIG von Sachsen (31 Oct 1445-13 Jun 1511, bur Quedlinburg Schlo�kirche).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Hedewich...Ebbetynne to Quelinborch� third of the four daughters of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife[813].� Canoness at Quedlinburg 1457.� Abbess of Quedlinburg 1458. �An epitaph at Quedlinburg records the death 3 [?] Jun 1519 [?] of �dna Hedewigis de Saxonie ducis Friderici filia abbatissa huius ecclesie[814].�

8.         ALEXANDER von Sachsen (24 Jun 1447-14 Sep 1447, bur Meissen Cathedral).�� Spalatin records the birth 1446 �die s. Johannis baptist�� of �Dux Saxoni� Alexander, secundus [incorrect] natu filius...Friderici II Saxoni� Electoris et Margareth� Austriac��, his death �eodem etiam anno, festo S. Crucis Exaltationis�, and his burial �Misen� in cathedrali templo in sacello principum Saxoni�[815].� Posse notes that the year specified by Spalatinus must be incorrect considering the birth date of Alexander�s sister Hedwig, and cites another source which places his birth in 1447[816].�

 

The following reconstruction includes only selected primary source references.� Posse includes biographical notes of individual persons, supported by full citation references[817].�

 

ERNST von Sachsen, son of FRIEDRICH II "der Sanftm�tige" Elector of Saxony & his wife Margareta of Austria (Meissen 24 Mar 1441-Colditz 26 Aug 1486, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ernest...Korforste...unde...Albrecht� as the two sons of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife, adding that they were abducted from �der borch Aldenborch� by �Cuntze van Kauffinge� who was captured and killed[818].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his birth �Misen�...festo Annuntiationis Mari�� 1441[819].� He and his brother Albrecht were kidnapped 7/8 Jul 1455 from Schlo� Altenburg by Kunz von Kaufungen, an episode known as "der Prinzenraub von Altenburg".� They were recovered in Gr�nhain wood and their kidnapper was beheaded at Freiberg 14 Jul 1455.� He succeeded his father in 1464 as ERNST Elector of Saxony, and Herzog von Sachsen jointly with his brother.� At first the brothers set up household together.� But disputes grew, and after Ernst failed to appoint Albrecht his deputy during his journey to Rome in 1482, the latter set up a separate court at Torgau.� Ernst succeeded his uncle Wilhelm III in 1482 as Joint Landgraf of Thuringia with his brother.� Under the Treaty of Leipzig 17 Jun 1485 (implemented 11 Nov), he forced a division of the family territories on his brother, himself taking Thuringia, the Burggrafschaft of Magdeburg and the Pfalzgrafschaft of Saxony, with Weimar as his residence.� He thus started a pattern of territorial divisions in the Ernestine branch of the Wettin family, which repeated itself with constant family disputes and a permanent weakening of power.� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LXXXVI...in vigilia Rufi martiris noctu in castro Kolditz� the death of �Ernestus dux Saxoni�� and his burial �in Misna[820].� An epitaph at Meissen records the death 16 Aug 1486 of �Ernestus dux Saxonie, S. Rom Imperii Archimars...Elector lantgravius Thuringie ac marchio Misnie[821].�

m (Leipzig 19 Nov 1460) ELISABETH von Bayern, daughter of ALBRECHT III "dem Frommen" Duke of Bavaria in Munich & his wife Anna von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (2 Feb 1443-Leipzig [5 Mar] 1484, bur Leipzig Dominican Kloster St Paul).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� married �Elizabeth, des Hertoghen van Beyeren dochter[822].� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Margreta...Elysabeth...Barbara� as the three daughters of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�, adding that Elisabeth married �hertzog Ernst von Sachsen[823].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the death �Anno LXXXIV...in principio XL in Liptzk� of �domina Elizabet uxor Ernesti� and her burial �ibidem...in ecclesia fratrum ordinis predicatorum[824].� An epitaph at Leipzig records the death 1484 �am Freitag nach Esto mihi� of �Elisabeth, geborne von Bayern, Herzogin zu Sachsen, Lantgrevin zu Doryngen und Marggrevin zu Myssen[825].�

Ernst & his wife had seven children:�

1.         CHRISTINA von Sachsen (Torgau 25 Dec 1461-Odense 8 Dec 1521, bur Odense).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Cristina�, who married �Konigh Johann to Dennemarck�, as the older daughter of �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[826].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her parentage and birth �Torgavi� nocte Nativitatis Christi� 1462 as her parents� oldest child[827], the year corrected to 1461 as 1462 is inconsistent with the birth of her brother Friederich.� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her marriage contract �Dresd�� 3 Dec 1477, and her dowry agreed �Hasni� die Jovis post Exaltationis crucis� 1478[828].� She defended the castle of Stockholm against her husband's adversaries from Sep 1501 to May 1502.� After being obliged to surrender, she was kept in custody until autumn 1503[829].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her death �die Mercurii post Luci� tempore Adventus Christi� 1521[830].� m (contract Dresden 3 Dec 1477, Copenhagen 6 Sep 1478) JOHAN of Denmark, son of CHRISTIAN I King of Denmark and Norway & his wife Dorothea von Brandenburg (Aalborg 1 Feb 1455-Aalborg 20 Feb 1513, bur Aalborg, transferred 1804 to Odense St Knud Kirke).� He succeeded his father in 1481 as JOHAN I King of Denmark and Norway.� Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein.� King of Sweden 1483-1501.��

2.         FRIEDRICH von Sachsen (Torgau 17 Jan 1463-Schlo� Lochau 5 May 1525, bur Wittenberg Schlo�kirche).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Frederick, Ernst, Albrecht, Hans� as the four sons of �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[831].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Fridericum III...Electorem Saxoni�� as oldest of his parents� five sons[832].� He succeeded his father in 1486 as FRIEDRICH III "der Weise" Elector of Saxony, and joint Herzog von Sachsen, jointly with his brother.� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LXXXVI...� the death of �Ernestus dux Saxoni��, leaving �duos filios successores...primogenitum Fridericum, qui in Torgau natus fuit Anno LXIIII[833].� Although he remained a devout Catholic all his life, he was the Patron of Martin Luther who found refuge at his court 1520.� In his testament dated 1525, Friedrich bequeathed Schlo� Jessen and yearly revenue to his �zwei nat�rliche S�hne Fritz und Bastel von Anna Weller aus Molsdorf[834].� An epitaph at Wittenburg records the death 5 May 1525 of �Fridericus duce...Saxonia...� after living �annos LXII menses III dies XIX[835].� Mistress (1): ANNA Weller, daughter of ---.� She was named in Friedrich�s 1525 testament cited above.� Mistress (2): ---.� Friedrich III had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):��

a)         FRIEDRICH von Jessen .� He was named in his father�s 1525 testament cited above.� 1519/35

b)         SEBASTIAN von Jessen (-stabbed to death F�nen 1535 before 11 Jun). �He was named in his father�s 1525 testament cited above.�

Friedrich III had two illegitimate children by Mistress (2):

c)          HIERONYMUS (-before 1525).� He is not mentioned by Posse.�

d)         daughter ([1512]-after 1525). �She is not mentioned by Posse.�

3.         ERNST von Sachsen (Meissen 26 Jun 1464-Halle an der Saale 3 Aug 1513, bur Magdeburg Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Frederick, Ernst, Albrecht, Hans� as the four sons of �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife, adding that Ernst was �Bischopp to Megdeborch[836].� Archbishop of Magdeburg 1476: the Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the death �Anno LXXVI� of �Fridericus Archiepiscopus Magdeburgensis� and the succession of �Ernestus filius Ernesti ducis Saxonie...xiii annorum...[837].� Coadjutor of Halberstadt 1479.� Bishop of Halberstadt 1480.� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his burial �Magdeburgi in templo cathedrali�, where his epitaph records his death 3 Aug after living 49 years, one month, and 10 days[838].�

4.         ALBRECHT von Sachsen (Meissen 8 May 1467-Aschaffenburg 1 May 1484, bur Mainz Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Frederick, Ernst, Albrecht, Hans� as the four sons of �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife, adding that Albrecht was �Bischopp to Mentze[839].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his birth �Misen�� in 1467[840].� Canon at Mainz cathedral 1476/82.� Statthalter in Thuringia 1479.� Coadjutor of Mainz 1480: the Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LXXX� the appointment of �Albertus filius Ernesti� as �provisor uff dem Eichenfelde contra voluntatem Erfordensium et Canonicus Maguntine ecclesie...cum vix XV annorum[841].� Administrator of Mainz 1482: the Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LXXXII� the death of �Dietherus Moguntinensis archiepiscopus circa festum Joannis ante portam latinam� and the election of �Albertus dux Saxoni�[842].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the death �Anno LXXXIV...sabbatho ante dominicam, qua cantatur misericordia domini� of �princeps Albertus administrator ecclesie Moguntinensis admodum iuvenis� who was succeeded by �dominus Bernardus de Hennenberg eiusdem ecclesie Decanus...frater episcopi Babenburgensis[843].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his burial �Mogunti� in templo cathedrali�, where his epitaph records his death 1484 �Kal May[844].� An epitaph at Mainz records the death 1484 �Kal Maii� of �Adelberti administratoris Mogunt...adolescentis[845].�

5.         JOHANN von Sachsen (Meissen 30 Jun 1468-Schweinitz 16 Aug 1532, bur Wittenberg).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Frederick, Ernst, Albrecht, Hans� as the four sons of �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[846].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his birth 1468 �Misen�...proximo die post Petri et Pauli[847].� He succeeded his father in 1486 as Joint Herzog von Sachsen, jointly with his brother.� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LXXXVI...� the death of �Ernestus dux Saxoni��, leaving �duos filios successores...secundus...Johannes[848].� He succeeded his brother in 1525 as JOHANN "der Best�ndige" Elector of Saxony.� He was too fat to mount his horse without the help of a machine.� Continuing to support Martin Luther after his succession, he was the first to sign the protest of Speier in 1529 and the confession of Augsburg in 1530.� He formed a Protestant alliance at Schmalkalden 27 Feb 1531 to counterbalance the influence of the Emperor and other Catholic states.� An epitaph at Wittenburg records the death 1532 of �Saxonici...ducis...Johannis...�[849].� m firstly (Torgau 1 Mar 1500) SOPHIE von Mecklenburg, daughter of MAGNUS II Herzog von Mecklenburg & his wife Sophie von Pommern-Stettin (before 18 Dec 1481-Torgau 12 Jul 1503, bur Torgau).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the marriage in 1500 of �Johannes� and �primo...Sophia Megalopolitana, Magni Ducis filia, et Henrici et Alberti Ducum sorore...Torgavi�, Dominica Esto mihi...�, her death in [after] childbirth, and burial �Torgavi� in Choro templi beat� Virginis[850].� An epitaph at Torgau records the death 1503 �am Abend Margarethe� of �Sophia geborne von Mechelburg, Herzogin zu Sachsen[851].� m secondly (Torgau 13 Nov 1513) MARGARETA von Anhalt, daughter of WALDEMAR VI F�rst von Anhalt & his wife Margareta von Schwarzburg (K�then 12 Nov 1494-Weimar 7 Oct 1521, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the marriage in 1513 of �Johannes� and �Margaretham Anhaltinam, Woldemari Principis Anhaltini et Margareth� Schwarzburgensis filiam[852].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her death �Vinari�...die Lun�, sanctorum Martyrum Sergii et Bachi� ( Oct and her burial �ibidem in monasterio Fratrum discalceatorum[853].� An epitaph at Weimar records the death 1521 �des vierten Tags nach Sant Franciscen Tag� of �Margaretha, geborne F�rstin von Anhalt, Herzogin zu Sachsen...[854].� Johann & his first wife had one child:

a)         JOHANN FRIEDRICH von Sachsen (Torgau 30 Jun 1503-Weimar 3 Mar 1554, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the birth 1468 �Misen�...proximo die post Petri et Pauli� of his father and the birth on the same day in 1503 of �filius eius Johannes Fridericus Dux ex priori conjuge Sophia Megapolitana...Torgavi�[855].� An early supporter of the Reformation, he negotiated with the Emperor and other German states as his father's representative.� He succeeded his father in 1532 as JOHANN FRIEDRICH I "der Grossm�tige" Elector of Saxony, and Joint Herzog von Sachsen, jointly with his brother (until 1542 when he ceded Coburg to his brother).�

-������� DUKES of SAXONY.�

Johann & his second wife had four children:�

b)         MARIE von Sachsen (Weimar 15 Dec 1515-Wolgast 7 Jan 1583, bur Wolgast).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the birth in 1515 of �Mariam Vinari��, a later passage specifying the date 15 Dec and recording her marriage in 1536 with �Philippo Duci Stetini et Pomerani�, Georgii Ducis Stetini et Pomerani� filio[856].� m (Torgau 27 Feb 1536) PHILIPP I Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast, son of GEORG I Duke of Pomerania in Wolgast & his first wife Amalia von der Pfalz (14 Jul 1515-Wolgast 14 Feb 1560, bur Wolgast).�

c)         MARGARETA von Sachsen (Zwickau 25 Apr 1518-Weimar 10 Mar 1535, bur Oberweimar).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the birth in 1518 of �Margaretham natam Zvickavi��, a later passage recording the date �in lucem edita Cygne�, die 25. Aprilis� and her death 1535 �die Mercurii post L�tare Dominicam, 10. Mensis Martii...Vimari�� and her burial the next day [presumably also at Weimar, but this is not specified][857].�

d)         JOHANN von Sachsen (Weimar 26 Sep 1519-Weimar [28] Sep 1519, bur Oberweimar).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the birth in Autumn 1519 of �Johannes� who died after two days (a later passage says that �paucas...horas baptismati supervixit�) and was buried �Vinari� superioris in monasterio monialium[858].�

e)         JOHANN ERNST von Sachsen (Coburg 10 May 1521-Coburg 8 Feb 1563, bur Coburg St Moritz).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the birth in 1521 of �Johannem Ernestum� at �Coburgi�, adding the day in a later passage �10 Maii qu� proxima Veneris erat post festum Ascensionis Christi[859].� He succeeded his father 1532 as joint Herzog von Sachsen, jointly with his brother.� From 1542, Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg. �An epitaph at Weimar records the birth 1521 �am Freitag nach der Himmelfahrt Christi� of �Johans Ernst Herzog zu Sachsen...Johansen des Ersten zu Sachsen und seiner Gemahl...Margareten, Geborne von Anhalt, Sohn uf dem Schlos zu Coburgk� and his death �folgenden LIII. Jahr, uf Mitwoch am Tage Dorothe�, in der Ebrnburgk zu Coburgk[860].� m (contract 1541, Torgau 12 Feb 1542, divorced?) as her first husband, KATHARINA von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, daughter of PHILIPP I Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his second wife Katharina von Mansfeld (30 Aug 1524-Saalfeld 24 Feb 1581, bur Saalfeld St Johannes).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records the marriage contract dated 1541 between �Duci Saxoni� Johanni Ernesto� and �Catharina Brunsvicensis, Philippi Ducis Brunsvig�, Luneburgi et Grubenhagii filio, Ducum Ernesti et Alberti Brunsvicensium soror�, and their marriage 1542 �die Dominca post Dorothe� 12 Feb[861].� She married secondly (Saalfeld 4 Dec 1559) Philipp I Graf von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg (-Leipzig 8 Oct 1564).���

6.         MARGARETA von Sachsen (4 Aug 1469-Weimar 7 Dec 1528, bur Weimar St Peter & Paul).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Margareta�, who married �Hertoghen Hinricke den jungeren to Brunswick unde Lunenborch�, as the younger daughter of �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[862].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her marriage contract �Magdeburgi die Veneris post omnium Sanctorum� 1476[863].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her death 1528 �die Lun� post Dominicam Nicolai, Vinari�� 7 Dec, and her burial the next day �in templo parochiale[864].� An epitaph at Weimar records the death 7 Dec 1528 of �Margaretha geborne F�rstin von Sachsen, Herzogin zu Braunschwig un L�neburg[865].� m (contract early Nov 1476, Celle 27 Feb 1487) as his first wife, HEINRICH "der Mittlere" Herzog von Braunschweig in L�neburg, son of OTTO II "der Siegreiche" Herzog von Braunschweig in L�neburg & his wife Anna von Nassau-Diez (15 Sep 1468-near Bockelskamp, Wienhausen 19 Feb 1532, bur Kloster Wienhausen).�

7.         WOLFGANG von Sachsen ([1473]-Torgau [1478], bur Torgau Stadtkirche).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Wolfgangum, pr�maturo funere extinctum� as youngest of his parents� five sons, recording in a later passage his death �anno circiter �tatis quinto� and burial �Torgavi� in Beat� Virginis templo parochiali[866].� Posse says that Wolfgang �wahrscheinlich ist...1473 geboren und 1478 gestorben[867].�

 

 

The following reconstruction includes selected primary source references.� Posse includes biographical notes of individual persons, supported by full citation references[868].�

 

ALBRECHT von Sachsen, son of FRIEDRICH II "dem Sanftm�tigen" Elector of Saxony & his wife Margareta of Austria (Grimma 31 Jul 1443-Emden 12 Sep 1500, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Ernest...Korforste...unde...Albrecht� as the two sons of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife, adding that they were abducted from �der borch Aldenborch� by �Cuntze van Kauffinge� who was captured and killed[869].� He and his brother Ernst were kidnapped 7/8 Jul 1455 from Schlo� Altenburg by Kunz von Kaufungen, an episode known as "der Prinzenraub von Altenburg".� They were recovered in Gr�nhain wood and their kidnapper was beheaded at Freiberg 14 Jul 1455.� He succeeded his father in 1464 as ALBRECHT "der Beherzte" Herzog von Sachsen, jointly with his brother Ernst.�� He succeeded his uncle Wilhelm III in 1482 as joint Landgraf of Thuringia, jointly with his brother.� Following growing tensions with his brother, under the Treaty of Leipzig 17 Jun 1485 (implemented 11 Nov 1485), Albrecht was obliged to accept a division of the family territories, taking Meissen and part of Osterland, with Dresden as his residence.� However, he mostly spent the following 15 years abroad.� First, he led Austria's successful campaign against King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary in 1487.� His close relations with Emperor Maximilian I led to his appointment as Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1488-1493, when he secured Habsburg control over their recent inheritance.� Duke Albrecht's success was rewarded with the further appointment as permanent Governor of Westfriesland in 1498.� His opposition to the territorial division led him to decree in his will (at Maastricht 18 Feb 1499) the indivisibility of his own lands, a major contribution to the long-term strengthening of the power of the Albertine branch of the Wettin family.�

m (Betrothed Eger 11 Nov 1459, confirmed 11 May 1464) ZDENKA Podiebrad, daughter of JIŘI von Podiebrad King of Bohemia Freiherr zu Kun�tat zu Podiebrad & his first wife Katharina Freiin von Sternberg (Podiebrad 11 Nov 1449-Tharandt 11 Nov 1510, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertogh Albrecht, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ring, Marggreve to Myssen� married �Konigh Jersikes dochter to Behem...Zedena[870].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LIX dominica Jubilate...magna conventio principum in Egra�, during the course of which �Jersicus Bohemie...filiam suam... Sedenam...xi annum incomplete� was betrothed to �filio Friderici ducis Saxonie...Alberto, qui tunc temporis xvi annorum et paulo amplius egit[871].�

Albrecht & his wife had eight children:�

1.         KATHARINA von Sachsen (Meissen 24 Jul 1468-G�ttingen 10 Feb 1524, bur M�nden St Blasius).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Katerina�, who married �Hertoch Sigmunt to Osterrick unde to Tyrol�, as the daughter of �Hertogh Albrecht, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ring, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[872].� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records, under the title �Von Frauen Catharina gebohrnen von Sachsen Hertzogen Albrechten zu Sachsen Tochter�, the birth 1468 of �Furstin Fraw Anna [error for Catharina]...Hertzog Albrechts zu Sachsen und seiner Gemahlin...Zedena...Tochter, der sch�nsten Furstin eine im Teutschen Lande� and her marriage 1484 �Mitwochen nach unserer lieben Frawen Tag Lichtmess gen Innsprugk� with �Ertz Herzogen Sigismund zu Oesterreich[873].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the betrothal �Anno LXXXIV...in carnisprivio� of �filia Alberti ducis Saxonie iuvencula...que prius fuit cuidam duci de Brunzwiga desponsata� and �Sigismundo ducr Austrie feri septigenario[874].� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records her second marriage 1497 �ungefehrlich umb St Petri und Pauli Tag� with �Hertzog Erichen von Braunschweig�, and her death 1524, childless[875].� m firstly (Innsbruck 24 Feb 1484) as his second wife, SIGISMUND "der M�nzreiche" Archduke of Austria Graf von Tirol, son of FRIEDRICH IV "mit den leeren Tasche" Duke of Austria, Graf von Tirol & his second wife Anna von Braunschweig-L�neburg (Innsbruck 26 Oct 1427-Innsbruck 4 Mar 1496, bur Stams).� m secondly (M�nden 29 Jun 1497) as his first wife, ERICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg, son of WILHELM II "der Jungere" Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel & his wife Elisabeth zu Stolberg (Neustadt am R�benberge 16 Feb 1470-Hagenau 30 Jul 1540, bur M�nden St Blasius).�

2.         GEORG Herzog von Sachsen (Meissen 27 Aug 1471-Dresden 17 Apr 1539, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Jorg...Frederick...Hinrick� as the three sons of �Hertogh Albrecht, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ring, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[876].� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth 1471 �am Dienstage St. Augustins Abendt� of �Furst Hertzog George zue Sachsen...�, son of �Albrechten Hertzogen zu Sachsen...und...Zedena gebohrn aus dem K�nigl. Hauss zue B�hmen[877].� Canon at Mainz cathedral 1482/94.� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1483/92.� Canon at Mainz: the Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records �Anno LXXXIV� the appointment of �Georgius filius Alberti ducis Sassonie� as �Canonicus ecclesie Moguntinensis et provisor uff dem Eichfelde[878].� He succeeded his father in 1500 as GEORG "der B�rtige" Herzog von Sachsen.� Erbstadhouder of Friesland 1504/15.� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the death 1539 �am Donnerstage nach Quasimodogeniti den 17 Tag Aprilis...zu Desden� of �Furst Hertzog George zu Sachsen� and his burial �des folgenden Freytags zu Meissen[879].� m (Leipzig 21 Sep 1496) BARBARA of Poland, daughter of KAZIMIERZ IV �the Great� King of Poland & his wife Elisabeth Archduchess of Austria (Sandomir 15 Jul 1478-Leipzig 15 Feb 1534, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the marriage in 1496 �Tage Pr�sentationis Mari�� between Duke Georg and �Barbara gebohrnen K�nigin von Pohlenn[880].� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records her death �Sonntags Esto mihi an der Herren FastNacht� 1524 and her burial �zu Meissen in Dombstifft[881].� Georg & his wife had ten children:�

a)         CHRISTOPH von Sachsen (Dresden 8 Sep 1497-Leipzig 5 Dec 1497, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �der erste Sohn...Hertzog Christoph� born 1497 �und nicht alter denn halbj�hrig worden[882].�

b)         JOHANN Herzog zu Sachsen (Dresden 24 Aug 1498-Dresden 11 Jan 1537, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �der ander Sohn Hertzog Hann�� born 1498 �am St Bartholom�us Tage[883].� m ([contract?] Kassel 20 May 1516, Leipzig [1518]) ELISABETH von Hessen, daughter of WILHELM II "der Mittlere" Landgraf von Hessen & his second wife Anna von Mecklenburg (Marburg 4 Mar 1502-Schmalkalden 6 Dec 1557, bur Marburg).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the marriage at Leipzig in 1518 [?] between �Hertzog Hann� zu Sachsen...� and �Frauen Elisabeth gebohrnen von Hessen, Landgraffen Wilhelms des Mitlern zu Hessen und seiner...Gemahlin Frauen Anna, gebohrnen von Mecklenburg Tochter�, the marriage remaining childless[884].� She was known as "Herzogin von Rochlitz". �

c)         WOLFGANG von Sachsen ([Dresden 24 Aug 1498]-Dresden 12 Jan 1499, bur Meissen Cathedral). �A source quoted by Faust records the death of �Wolffgangus� 12 Jan 1499 �seines altes f�nff monden� and his burial �zu Meissen�, Posse assuming that 1499 must be O.S., bearing in mind the birth dates of his parents� other children, �oder wir m�ssen annehmen, dass Johann und Wolfgang Zwillingsbr�der sind, wovon die Quellen nichts wissen�, although at the same time he acknowledges the inconsistency with Anna�s birth 21 Jan 1500[885].� Posse�s conclusion therefore seems self-contradictory, the only conclusion which fits all the other dates being that Johann and Wolfgang were indeed twins despite that fact not being mentioned in the sources.� This suggestion apparently seems consistent with two other sources cited by Posse, which record Wolfgang�s birth in 1498 and death 12 Jan 1499 (assuming that those dates were not O.S.)[886].� Spalatinus does not mention Wolfgang.�

d)         ANNA von Sachsen (21 Jan 1500-23 Jan 1500, bur Meissen Cathedral). �Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �die Erste Tochter...Freulein Anna� born 1500 �am St Agnes Tage� who died �am dritten Tage[887].�

e)         CHRISTOPH von Sachsen (b and d 27 May 1501).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �der dritte Sohn auch Hertzog Christoph� born �Jahr [1]501 am Donnerstage vor Pfingsten� who lived �nicht l�nger denn 5. oder 5. Stunden[888].�

f)          AGNES von Sachsen (7 Jan 1503-16 Apr 1503, bur Meissen Cathedral). �Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �die andere Tochter Frewlein Agnes� born 1503 �am andern Tage nach der heil. drey K�nige Tagk� who died �darnach am Oster-Tage[889].�

g)         FRIEDRICH von Sachsen (Dresden 1504-Dresden [27/28 Feb] 1539, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �der vierdre Sohn Hertzog Friderich� born 1504 �Freytags nach Oculi[890].� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the death 1539 �am Donnerstage nach Quasimodogeniti den 17 Tag Aprilis...zu Desden� of �Furst Hertzog George zu Sachsen�, adding that he had not lived long �nach seines Sohns Hertzog Friderichs...denn Sieben Wochen und ein Tag[891].� In a later passage, Spalatinus records his death �4 Wochen und 2 Tage� after his marriage �Montags nach Conversionis Pauli[892].� m (contract Dresden Dec 1538, [30/31] Jan 1539) ELISABETH von Mansfeld, daughter of ERNST Graf von Mansfeld & his wife --- zu Solms ([1516]-[1540/41]).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the marriage Dec 1538 at Dresden between �Hertzog George zu Sachsen, seinem Sohn Hertzog Friderichen� and �Graffen Ernsts zu Mann�feld Tochter Fr�ulein Elisabeth[893].� In a later passage, Spalatinus names her �Elisabeth gebohrne Gr�ffin zu Mann�feld, der gebohrnen Gr�ffin zu Solms Tochter, Graffen Philip�en zu Mann�feld und seiner Gebr�der Schwester� and �Graffen Ernsts zu Mann�feld Tochter Fr�ulein Elisabeth� and records the couple�s marriage �Montags nach Conversionis Pauli[894].�

h)         CHRISTINA von Sachsen (25 Dec 1505-Kassel 15 Apr 1549, bur Kassel St Martinskirche).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �die dritte Tochter Fraw Christina� born 1506 [must be 1505 considering the birth date of her sister Magdalene] �am heil. Christ-Tage�, who became �die Landgr�ffin zu Hessen...Land-Graff Philipssen...Gemahlin�, married �1523 im Herbst[895].� m (Dresden 11 Dec 1523, Kassel 25 Jan 1524) as his first wife, PHILIPP I "der Grossm�tige" Landgraf von Hessen, son of WILHELM II "der Mittlere" Landgraf von Hessen & his wife his second wife Anna von Mecklenburg (Marburg 13 Nov 1504-Kassel 31 Mar 1567, bur Kassel St Martinskirche).�

i)          MAGDALENE von Sachsen (Dresden 7 Mar 1507-Berlin [20/24] Jan 1534, bur Berlin Cathedral).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records �die vierdte Tochter Fraw Magdalena� born 1507 �am Sonntage Oculi� who became �Marggr�fin zu Brandenburg...Marggrafen Joachims...Gemahlin�, married 1524 �Sonntag, Montag, Dienstag, Mitwochen und Donnerstag nach aller Heiligen Tag zu Dresden bey der Braut Vatern� and listing the numerous nobles invited to the celebration[896].� Spalatinus records her death in 1534 �als sie in einem Brand erschrocken war[897].� m (Dresden 6 Nov 1524) as his first wife, JOACHIM HEKTOR Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of JOACHIM I Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth of Denmark (9 Jan 1505-Schlo� K�penick 3 Jan 1571, bur Berlin Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1535 as JOACHIM II Elector of Brandenburg.�

j)          MARGARETA von Sachsen (Dresden 7 Sep 1508-[7 Sep/19 Dec] 1510, bur Meissen Cathedral). �Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth �am Abend unser lieben Frauen Geburth� [no year stated] of �das Frewlein Margaretha...eine Tochter Hertzogen Georgen zu Sachsen und...seiner...Gemahlin� and her death �im dritten Jahr[898].�

3.         HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen (Dresden 16 Mar 1473-Dresden 18 Aug 1541, bur Freiberg).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Jorg...Frederick...Hinrick� as the three sons of �Hertogh Albrecht, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ring, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[899].� He succeeded his father as Erbstadhouder of Friesland 1500-1504.� From 1504, zu Freiberg and Wolkenstein.� He succeeded his brother 1539 as HEINRICH V "der Fromme" Herzog von Sachsen.�

-������� see below.�

4.         FRIEDRICH von Sachsen (Torgau 25 Oct 1474-Rochlitz 13 Dec 1510, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Jorg...Frederick...Hinrick� as the three sons of �Hertogh Albrecht, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ring, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[900].� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth 1473 [?] �Dienstag Crispini und Crispiani� of �Furst Hertzog Friderich zu Sachsen Hochmeister, Teutschen Ordens in Preussen...ein Sohn Hertzog Albrechts zu Sachsen...und seiner...Gemahlin Frauen Zedena...�, noting his appointment as Grand-Master in 1498 and his other ecclesiastical appointments[901].� Canon at W�rzburg cathedral 1492/98.� Canon at Mainz cathedral 1494/98.� Grand Master of the Order of Teutonic Knights 1498.�

5.         ANNA von Sachsen (3 Aug 1478-Dresden end 1479).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth 1478 �Montags der Erfindung St Stephans� of �Furstin Fr�ulein Anna...zu Sachsen...eine Tochter Hertzog Albrechts zu Sachsen und seiner...Gemahlin Frauen Zedena...�, adding that �ist auch jung gestorben[902].�

6.         LUDWIG von Sachsen (Torgau 28 Sep 1481-Sep ----, bur Meissen Cathedral). �Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth 1481 �am Freytage den Achten St Wenceslzen� of �Hertzog Ludewig zu Sachsen...ein Sohn Hertzog Albrechten zu Sachsen und seiner...Gemahlin Fraw Zedena...�, adding that �ist auch jung gestorben[903].�

7.         JOHANN von Sachsen (b and d 24 Jun Torgau 1484). �

8.         JOHANN von Sachsen (Torgau 2 Dec 1498-Sep ----[the same year as his brother Ludwig]). �Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth 1498 �am ersten Sonntage des Advents� of �Hertzog Hann� zu Sachsen des Nahmens der Andere...ein Sohn Hertzog Albrechten zu Sachsen und seiner...Gemahlin Fraw Zedena...�, adding that �ist jung gestorben[904].�

 

 

 

HEINRICH von Sachsen, son of ALBRECHT "der Beherzte" Herzog von Sachsen & his wife Zdenka Podiebrad of Bohemia (Dresden 16 Mar 1473-Dresden 18 Aug 1541, bur Freiberg).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Jorg...Frederick...Hinrick� as the three sons of �Hertogh Albrecht, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ring, Marggreve to Myssen� and his wife[905].� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth 1472 (presumably O.S.) �Dienstag Gerdrudis� of �Furst Hertzog Heinrich zu Sachsen�, son of �Albrechten Hertzogen zu Sachsen...und...Zedena gebohrn aus dem Konieglichenn Hauss zu B�hmen[906].� He succeeded his father as Erbstadhouder of Friesland 1500-1504.� From 1504, zu Freiberg and Wolkenstein.� He succeeded his brother in 1539 as HEINRICH V "der Fromme" Herzog von Sachsen.� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the death 1541 �Donnerstag nach Assumptionis Marie der reinen Jungfrauen...zu Dresden� of �Hertzog Heinrich zu Sachssen� and his burial �Freyberg...in dem Dom-Stifft[907].� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 18 Aug 1541 of �Henricus dux Sax landgravius Thuringi� marchio Misni�[908].�

m (Freiberg 6 Jul 1512) KATHARINA von Mecklenburg, daughter of MAGNUS II Herzog von Mecklenburg & his wife Sophie von Pommern-Stettin (1487-Torgau 6 Jun 1561, bur Freiberg).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records Heinrich�s marriage in 1512 with �Catharina gebohren Herzogin zu Megkelnburgk Herzogk Magnus zue Megkelnburgk Tochter, uundt Herzogen Heinrichs unndt Hertzogen Albrechts unndt Frawen Anna Landgreffin zu Hessenn, und folgendt Grefinn zu Solms Schwester�, describing the marriage celebrations and naming the nobles who were invited in a later passage[909].� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 6 Jun 1561 of �Catharina ducis Megapolitani filia Henrici ducis Saxon...coniunx[910].�

Heinrich V & his wife had six children:�

1.         SIBYLLE von Sachsen (Freiberg 2 May 1515-Buxtehude 18 Jul 1592, bur Ratzeburg).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth of �Freulein Sibylla� in 1515 �am Abend des heil. Creutzes Erfindung�, her betrothal 1538 with �Hertzog Franciscus von der Lauenburg�, and their marriage �zu Dresden Sonntags Esto mihi� 1540[911].� m (Dresden 8 Feb 1540) FRANZ I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg, son of MAGNUS I Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg & his wife Katharina von Braunschweig-L�neburg (1515-19 Mar 1592, bur Ratzeburg).�

2.         AEMILIE von Sachsen (Freiberg 27 Jul 1516-Ansbach 9 Apr 1591, bur Heilsbronn).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth of �Freulein Emilia� in 1516 �Sonntags nach St Annen-Tag�, and her marriage 1533 �Montags nach Bartholom�i zu Freyberg� with �Marggraffen Georgen zu Brandenburg[912].� m (Freiberg 25 Aug 1533) as his third wife, GEORG "der Fromme" Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of FRIEDRICH "der �ltere" Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Zofia of Poland (Ansbach 4 Mar 1484-Ansbach 27 Dec 1534, bur Heilsbronn).�

3.         SIDONIE von Sachsen (Meissen 8 Mar 1518-Kloster Weissenfels 4 Jan 1575, bur Freiberg Cathedral).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth of �Freulein Sidonia� in 1518 �Montags nach Oculi[913].� m (M�nden 17 May 1545, divorced 2 Mar 1573) as his first wife, ERICH II Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg, son of ERICH I Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg & his second wife Elisabeth von Brandenburg (M�nden 10 Aug 1528-Pavia 17 Nov 1584, bur Pavia Santa Maria Coronata).�

4.         MORITZ� von Sachsen (Freiberg 21 Mar 1521-of wounds received in battle Sievershausen 11 Jul 1553, bur Freiberg).� An inscription records the birth �XII Kal Apr� 1521 of �Mauritius D Saxon D D D Henrici f Alberti n Friderici II Elect...matre Catharina Mechelburg[914].� He succeeded his father 1541 as MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen.� From 19 May 1547 Elector of Saxony.� Georg Arnold�s Vita of Moritz records his biography in detail[915].� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 6 Jun 1561 of �Catharina ducis Megapolitani filia Henrici ducis Saxon...coniunx[916].� m (Marburg 11 Jan 1541) as her first husband, AGNES von Hessen, daughter of PHILIPP I "der Grossm�tige" Landgraf von Hessen & his first wife Christina Pss zu Sachsen (Marburg 31 May 1527-Weimar 4 Nov 1555, bur Weimar Stadtkirche).� An inscription records the marriage 1541 of �Mauritius dux� and �Agnetem Philippi Hassi� Landgravii f natu max...[917].� She married secondly (Weimar 26 May 1555) Johann Friedrich II "der Mittlere" Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Eisenach (-Steyr 9 May 1595, bur Coburg).� An epitaph at Coburg records the birth 8 Jan 1529 of �Johan Fridrich, der Ander Herzog zu Sachssen...�, and his marriage with �Agne� geborner Landgreffin zu Hessen Churf�rst zu Sachsen Wittwin� 20 Mar 1555 who died �Anno eodem den 4 Novemb[918].� Mortiz & his wife had two children:

a)         ANNA von Sachsen (Dresden 23 Dec 1544-Dresden 18 Dec 1577, bur Freiberg Cathedral).� An inscription records the marriage 1541 of �Mauritius dux� and �Agnetem Philippi Hassi� Landgravii f natu max� and the births of �Albertum f infante �tatem mortuum, et Annam f[919].� m (Leipzig 24 Aug 1561, divorced 1574) as his second wife, WILLEM "Taciturnus/the Silent" Prins van Oranje Graf von Nassau, son of WILHELM I "der Reiche" Graf von Nassau-Dillenburg in Dillenburg, Siegen, Vianden und [halb] Diez & his second wife Juliane von Stolberg-Wernigerode (Dillenburg 24 Apr 1533-murdered Delft 10 Jul 1584, bur Delft Nieuwe Kerk).� WILLEM I� Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1581.�

b)         ALBERT von Sachsen (Dresden 28 Nov 1545-Dresden 12 Apr 1546, bur Freiberg).� An inscription records the marriage 1541 of �Mauritius dux� and �Agnetem Philippi Hassi� Landgravii f natu max� and the births of �Albertum f infante �tatem mortuum, et Annam f[920].� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 1546 �die Lune post Iudica� of �primogenitus...ducis Mauritii filius Albertus[921].�

5.         SEVERINUS von Sachsen (28 Aug 1522-Innsbruck 10 Oct 1533, bur Stams).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth of �Hertzog Severin� in 1522 �Donnerstag Augustini den 28. Augusti�, and his death �Insprugk� 1533[922].�

6.         AUGUST von Sachsen (Freiberg 31 Jul 1526-Dresden 11 Feb 1586, bur Freiberg).� Spalatinus [mid-C16th] records the birth of �Hertzog Augustus� in 1522[923].� In another place, Spalatinus records his birth �Dienstags nach Jacobi, den letzten Augusti� 1526[924].� From 1544, in Freiberg, Laucha, Sangershausen and� Weissensee.� Administrator of Merseburg.� From 1548, in Weissenfels, Eisenberg and Schwarzenberg.� He succeeded his brother 1553 as AUGUST Elector of Saxony, Herzog von Sachsen.� From 1569, in Plauen, Voigtsberg, Adorf,� Pausa und Oelsnitz.� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 11 Feb 1586 of �Augustus dux Saon. Sacri Rom Imp Archimarscallus et Elector...[925].� m firstly (Torgau 7 Oct 1548) ANNA Pss of Denmark, daughter of CHRISTIAN III King of Denmark, King of Norway & his wife Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Hadersleben 22 Nov 1532-Dresden 1 Oct 1585, bur Freiberg Cathedral).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 1 Oct 1585 of �Anna e regia stirpe Danica electoris Saxon Augusti...coniunx, Dresd�...[926].� m secondly (Dessau 3 Jan 1586) as her first husband, AGNES HEDWIG Pss von Anhalt, daughter of JOACHIM ERNST F�rst von Anhalt in Zerbst, Bernburg, K�then und Dessau & his second wife Eleonore von W�rttemberg (Dessau 12 Feb 1573-Sonderburg 3 Sep 1616, bur Sonderburg).� She married secondly (Sonderburg 14 Feb 1588) as his second wife, Johann Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg.� August & his first wife had fifteen children:�

a)         JOHANN HEINRICH von Sachsen (Weissenfels 2 May 1550-Weissenfels 12 Nov 1550).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 12 Nov 1550 of �Ducis August primogenitus filius Johannes Henricus� who lived �septimanas XXVII dies V[927].�

b)         ELEONORE von Sachsen (Wolkenstein 11 Oct 1551-Wolkenstein 24 Apr 1553, bur Freiberg).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 24 Apr 1553 of �Ducis August primogenita filia Leonora� who lived �unum et dimidium annum[928].�

c)         ELISABETH von Sachsen (Wolkenstein 18 Oct 1552-Heidelberg 2 May 1590, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).� m (Heidelberg 4 Jun 1570) JOHANN KASIMIR Pfalzgraf von Simmern, son of FRIEDRICH III Elector Palatine & his first wife Maria Markgr�fin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (-Heidelberg 16 Jan 1592, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).�

d)         ALEXANDER von Sachsen (Dresden 21 Feb 1554-Dresden 8 Oct 1565, bur Freiberg).� Administrator of Merseburg 1561.� Administrator of Naumburg 1564.� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death �Dresd�, Id VIIIBris� 1566 [?] of �D Alexanro D D Augusti D Saxon...et Ann� ex regia stirpe Danorum...� who lived �anno XI m IX d XV h VI[929].�

e)         MAGNUS von Sachsen (Dresden 24 Sep 1555-Dresden 6 Nov 1558, bur Freiberg).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 6 Nov 1558 of �Electoris August tertius filius Magnus...anno �tatis su� III mens VI VI die I[930].�

f)          JOACHIM von Sachsen (Dresden 3 May 1557-Dresden 21 Nov 1557, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 21 Nov 1557 of �Ducis Augusti quartus filius Joachimus� who lived �septimanas XXVIII dies VI[931].�

g)         HEKTOR von Sachsen (Dresden 7 Oct 1558-Dresden 4 Apr 1569, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 4 Apr 1558 [error] of �Ducis Augusti quintus filius Hector� who lived �annum unum septim XXX dies V� [?][932].�

h)         CHRISTIAN von Sachsen (Dresden 39 Oct 1560-Dresden 25 Sep 1591, bur Freiberg).� He succeeded his father in 1586 as CHRISTIAN I Elector of Saxony.�

-������� see below.�

i)          MARIA von Sachsen (Torgau 8 Mar 1562-Torgau 6 Jan 1566, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 8 Mar 1562 of �Electoris Augusti tertia filia Maria� and her death 6 Jan 1565 (O.S.?)[933].�

j)          DOROTHEA von Sachsen (Dresden 4 Oct 1563-Wolfenb�ttel 13 Feb 1587, bur Wolfenb�ttel).� m (Wolfenb�ttel 26 Sep 1585) as his first wife, HEINRICH JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel, son of JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel & his wife Hedwig von Brandenburg (Hessen 15 Oct 1564-Prague 20 Jul 1613, bur Wolfenb�ttel Beatae Mariae Virginae).� He succeeded his father in 1589 as HEINRICH JULIUS Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel.�

k)         AMALIE von Sachsen (Dresden 28 Jan 1565-Dresden 2 Jul 1565, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 28 Jan 1565 of �Electoris Augusti V filia Amalia� and her death 3 Jul 1565[934].�

l)          ANNA von Sachsen (Dresden 16 Nov 1567-in prison Veste Coburg 27 Jan 1613, bur Freiberg).� m (Dresden 16 Jan 1586, divorced 12 Dec 1593) as his first wife, JOHANN KASIMIR Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Eisenach, son of JOHANN FRIEDRICH II "der Mittlere" Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his second wife Elisabeth Pfalzgr�fin von Simmern (Gotha 12 Jun 1564-Coburg 16 Jul 1633, bur Coburg St Moritz).�

m)       AUGUST von Sachsen (Dresden 23 Oct 1569-Dresden 12 Feb 1570, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 23 Oct 1569 of �Augustus junior Electoris Augusti filius VII Dresd�� and his death 12 Feb 1570 after living �septimanas XVI[935].�

n)         ADOLF von Sachsen (Stolpen 8 Jul 1571-Dresden 12 Mar 1572, bur Freiberg).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 8 Jul 1571 of �Dux Adolphus Electoris Augusti filius VIII Dresd�� and his death 12 Mar 1572 ��tatis XXXV septiman die III[936].�

o)         FRIEDRICH von Sachsen (Annaberg 18 Jun 1575-Annaberg 24 Jan [1577], bur Freiberg).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 18 Jun 1575 of �Electoris Augusti IX filius dux Fridericus...Ann�burgi� and his death �ibidem� 24 Jan 1576 (O.S.?) after living �septim XXXI d III h XX[937].�

 

 

CHRISTIAN Kurprinz von Sachsen, son of AUGUST Elector of Saxony, Herzog von Sachsen & his first wife Anna Pss of Denmark (Dresden 39 Oct 1560-Dresden 25 Sep/5 Oct 1591, bur Freiberg Cathedral).� He succeeded his father 1586 as CHRISTIAN I Elector of Saxony.� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 25 Sep 1591 of �Christianus dux Saxon...[938].�

m (Dresden 25 Apr 1582) SOPHIE von Brandenburg, daughter of JOHANN GEORG Elector of Brandenburg & his second wife Sabine von Brandenburg-Ansbach (Schlo� Zechlin 6 Jun 1568-Dresden 7 Dec 1622, bur Freiberg).�

Christian I & his wife had seven children:�

1.         CHRISTIAN von Sachsen (Dresden 23 Sep 1583-Dresden 23 Jun 1611, bur Freiberg).� He succeeded his father in 1591 as CHRISTIAN II Elector of Saxony.� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 23 Jun 1611 of �Christianus II dux Saxoni�, Iuli�, Clivi� et Montium, Sacri Rom Imperii Archimarscallus, Elector� after living �anno XXVII m IX d XXIII� and reigning �annos IX m IX d XXIII[939].� m (Dresden 12 Sep 1602) HEDWIG Pss of Denmark, daughter of FREDERIK II King of Denmark, King of Norway & his wife Sophie von Mecklenburg-G�strow (Frederiksborg Castle 5 Aug 1581-Lichtenburg 26 Nov 1641, bur Freiberg Cathedral).�

2.         JOHANN GEORG von Sachsen (Dresden 5 Mar 1585-Dresden 8 Oct 1656, bur Freiberg).� Administrator of Merseburg 1592.� He succeeded his brother in 1611 as JOHANN GEORG I Elector of Saxony.�

-������� see below.�

3.         ANNA SABINE von Sachsen (Dresden 25 Jan 1586-Dresden 24 Mar 1586, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 25 Jan 1586 of �Christiani I Ducis ac Electoris Saxon. primogenita filiola Anna Sabina, Dresd�� and her death �ibidem...anno eodem� 24 Mar[940].�

4.         SOPHIE von Sachsen (Dresden 29 Apr 1587-Stettin 9 Dec 1635, bur Stettin).� m (Dresden 26 Aug 1610) FRANZ von Pommern, son of BOGISLAW XIII Duke of Pomerania in Barth & his first wife Klara von Braunschweig-Gifhorn (24 Mar 1577-Stettin 27 Nov 1620, bur Stettin).� He succeeded his brother in 1618 as FRANZ I Duke of Pomerania in Barth.�

5.         ELISABETH von Sachsen (Dresden 21 Jul 1588-Dresden 4 Mar 1589, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 21 Jul 1588 of �Christiani I Ducis et Electoris Saxon. tertia filiola Elisabetha� and her death �anni sequentis� 4 Mar[941].�

6.         AUGUST von Sachsen (Dresden 7 Sep 1589-Naumburg 26 Dec 1615, bur Freiberg).� Administrator of Naumburg 1592.� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 26 Dec 1615 of �Augustus dux Saxoni�, Iuli�, Clivi� et Montium, landgravius Thuringi�, marchio Misni�, comes de Marca et Ravensperg, dominus in Ravenstein� aged �anno XXVII mens III d XIX[942].� m (Dresden 1 Jan 1612) as her first husband, ELISABETH Herzogin von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel, daughter of HEINRICH JULIUS Herzog vn Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel & his second wife Elisabeth Pss of Denmark (Wolfenb�ttel 23 Jun 1593-Altenburg 25 Mar 1650, bur Altenburg Br�derkirche).� She married secondly (Altenburg 25 Oct 1618) Johann Philipp Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg (-Altenburg 1 Apr 1639).�

7.         DOROTHEA von Sachsen (Dresden 7 Jan 1591-Quedlinburg 17 Nov 1617, bur Freiberg).� Abbess of Quedlinburg 1610.� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 17 Nov 1617 of �Dorothea ducissa Saxoni� etc Electoris filia...Quedlinburgensis Abbatissa[943].�

 

 

JOHANN GEORG von Sachsen, son of CHRISTIAN I Elector of Saxony & his wife Sophie von Brandenburg (Dresden 5 Mar 1585-Dresden 8 Oct 1656, bur Freiberg).� Administrator of Merseburg 1592.� He succeeded his brother in 1611 as JOHANN GEORG I Elector of Saxony.� A music lover, he appointed Heinrich Sch�tz as Hofkapellmeister at Dresden in 1617.�

m firstly (Dresden 16 Sep 1604) SIBYLLE ELISABETH Herzogin von W�rttemberg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Herzog von W�rttemberg & his wife Sibylle von Anhalt-Zerbst (Montb�liard 10 Apr 1584-Dresden 20 Jan 1606, bur Freiberg).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 20 Jan 1606 of �Dresd�...Sibylla Elisabetha e stirpe Wurtenbergica...Joannis Georgii ducis Saxon. coniux[944].�

m secondly (Torgau 19 Jul 1607) MAGDALENE SIBYLLE Pss von Preu�en, daughter of ALBRECHT FRIEDRICH Duke of Prussia & his wife Marie Eleonore Herzogin von J�lich (K�nigsberg Schlo� 30 Dec 1586-Dresden 12 Feb 1659, bur Freiberg).�

Johann Georg II & his second wife had ten children:

1.         child (18 Jul 1608, bur Freiberg).� An epitaph at Freiberg records the death 18 Jul 1608 of �Magdalena Sibylla e domo Brandenburgica ducissa in Borussia altera coniux...Johannis Georgii ducis Saxoni�...infantem...abortivum[945].�

2.         SOPHIE ELEONORE von Sachsen (Dresden 23 Nov 1609-Darmstadt 2 Jun 1671, bur Darmstadt Stadtkirche).� m (Schlo� Torgau 1 Apr 1627) GEORG II Landgraf von Hessen-Darmstadt, son of LUDWIG V Landgraf von Hessen-Darmstadt & his wife Magdalene von Brandenburg (Darmstadt 17 Mar 1605-Darmstadt 11 Jun 1661, bur Darmstadt Stadtkirche).�

3.         MARIA ELISABETH von Sachsen (Dresden 22 Nov 1610-Husum 24 Jun/4 Jul 1684, bur Schleswig).� m (Dresden 21 Feb/2 Mar 1630) FRIEDRICH III Herzog von Holstein-Gottorp, son of JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein in Gottorp & his wife Augusta Pss of Denmark (Gottorf 22 Dec 1597/1 Jan 1598-T�nning 10 Aug 1659, bur Schleswig Cathedral).�

4.         CHRISTIAN ALBERT von Sachsen (Dresden 4 Mar 1612-Dresden 9 Aug 1612, bur Freiberg). �An epitaph at Freiberg records the birth 4 Mar 1612 of �Christianus Albertus...Johannis Georgii Electoris ac Ducis Saxoni�, Iuli� Clivi� et Montium et domin� Magdalen� Sibylle Brandeburgic� filius� and his death 9 Aug �dicti anni cum vixisset septimanas XXII dies V[946].�

5.         JOHANN GEORG von Sachsen (Dresden 31 May/9 Jun 1613-Freiberg 22 Aug/1 Sep 1680, bur Freiberg Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1656 as JOHANN GEORG II Elector of Saxony.� m (Dresden 13 Nov 1638) his first cousin, MAGDALENE SIBYLLE Markgr�fin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, daughter of CHRISTIAN Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth & his wife Marie von Preu�en (Bayreuth 27 Oct 1612-Dresden 20 Mar 1687, bur Freiberg).� Johann Georg II & his wife had three children:�

a)         SIBYLLE MARIE von Sachsen (Dresden 16 Sep 1642-Dresden 27 Feb 1643, bur Freiberg).

b)         ERDMUTHE SOPHIE von Sachsen (Dresden 15/25 Feb 1644-Schlo� Bayreuth 12/22 Jun 1670, bur Bayreuth Stadtkirche).� m (Dresden 19/29 Oct 1662) as his first wife, her first cousin, CHRISTIAN ERNST Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, son of ERDMANN AUGUST Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth & his wife Sophie Markgr�fin von Brandenburg-Ansbach (Bayreuth 28 Jul/6 Aug 1644-Schlo� Erlangen 10 May 1712, bur Bayreuth Stadtkirche).�

c)         JOHANN GEORG von Sachsen (Dresden 20 Jun 1647-T�bingen 12 Sep 1691, bur Freiberg).� He succeeded his father in 1680 as JOHANN GEORG III Elector of Saxony.�

-������� see below.�

6.         AUGUST von Sachsen (Dresden 13 Aug 1614-Halle 4 Jun 1680, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� Administrator of Magdeburg 1638.� From 1656, zu Querfurt, Dahme, Burg, J�terbog, Sachsenburg, Eckartsberga, Bibra, Freiberg, Sangerhausen, Langensalza, Weissensee, Heldrungen and Weissenfels.� From 1657 AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels.�

-������� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-WEISSENFELS.�

7.         CHRISTIAN von Sachsen (Dresden 27 Oct 1615-Merseburg 18 Oct 1691, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� From 1657, CHRISTIAN I Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg.�

-������� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-MERSEBURG.�

8.         MAGDALENE SIBYLLE von Sachsen (Dresden 23 Dec 1617/2 Jan 1618-Schlo� Altenburg 6/16 Jan 1668, bur Altenburg Schlo�kirche). �m firstly (Copenhagen Castle 5 Oct 1634) CHRISTIAN Crown Prince of Denmark, son of CHRISTIAN IV King of Denmark, King of Norway & his first wife Anna Katharina von Brandenburg (Copenhagen Castle 10 Apr 1603-Schlo� G�rbitz bei Dresden 2 Jun 1647).� m secondly (Dresden 11 Oct 1652) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH WILHELM II Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg, son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM I Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg & his second wife Anna Maria Pfalzgr�fin (posthumously Weimar 12 Feb 1603-Altenburg 22 Apr 1669, bur Altenburg Schlo�kirche).

9.         MORITZ von Sachsen (Dresden 28 Mar 1619-Moritzburg an der Elster 4 Dec 1681, bur Moritzburg).� Administrator of the Bishopric of Naumburg 1622, minor until 1653.� From 1657, MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz.�

-������� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-ZEITZ.�

10.      HEINRICH von Sachsen (Dresden 27 Jun 1622-Dresden 15 Aug 1622, bur Freiberg).

 

 

JOHANN GEORG von Sachsen, son of JOHANN GEORG III Elector of Saxony & his wife Magdalene Sibylle Margr�fin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Dresden 20 Jun 1647-T�bingen 12 Sep 1691, bur Freiberg).� He succeeded his father in 1680 as JOHANN GEORG III Elector of Saxony.�

m (Copenhagen 9 Oct 1666) ANNA SOPHIA Pss of Denmark, daughter of FREDERIK III King of Denmark, King of Norawy & his wife Sophie Amalie Herzogin von Braunschweig-L�neburg (Flensburg 1 Sep 1647-Schlo� Lichtenburg bei Prettin-an-der-Elbe 1 Jul 1717, bur Schlo� Lichtenburg).�

Johann Georg IV & his wife had two children:�

1.         JOHANN GEORG von Sachsen (Dresden 18 Oct 1668-Dresden from smallpox 27 Apr 1694, bur Freiberg).� He succeeded his father 1691 as JOHANN GEORG IV Elector of Saxony.� m (Leipzig 17 Apr 1692) as her second husband, ELEONORE ERDMUTHE LUISE Herzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach, widow of JOHANN FRIEDRICH Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach, daughter of JOHANN GEORG I Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach in Marksuhl und Eisenach & his wife Johannetta Gr�fin von Sayn-Wittgenstein zu Altenkirchen (Friedewald 13 Apr 1662-Schlo� Pretsch 9 Sep 1696, bur Freiberg Cathedral).

2.         FRIEDRICH AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen (Dresden 22 May 1670-Warsaw 1 Feb 1733, bur Krakow Cathedral).� He succeeded his brother in 1694 as FRIEDRICH AUGUST I Elector of Saxony.� He was elected AUGUST II King of Poland 11 Jun 1697, ruling until 1704, and again from 1709-1733.� m (Bayreuth 20 Jan 1693) CHRISTIANE EBERHARDINE Markgr�fin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, daughter of CHRISTIAN ERNST Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth & his second wife Sophie Luise Herzogin von W�rttemberg (Bayreuth 29 Dec 1671-Schlo� Pretzsch 5 Sep 1727, bur Schlo� Pretzsch).� Mistress (1): AURORA MARIA Gr�fin von K�nigsmarck, daughter of KONRAD CHRISTOPHER Graf von K�nigsmarck & his wife --- (28 Apr 1662-16 Feb 1728).� Prioress at Quedlinburg.� Mistress (2): FATIMAH, daughter of --- ([1680]-).� She was baptised as MARIA AURORA about 1686.� She married (1700) Johann Georg Spiegel, servant of Friedrich August II and intendant of the royal lands in Poland.� Mistress (3): URSULA KATHARINA von Alten-Bockum, daughter of JOHANN HEINRICH von Alten-Bockum & his wife Konstancja Tekla Branicka (25 Nov 1680-Dresden 4 May 1743, bur Leitmoritz).� She was created Reichsf�rstin zu Teschen by Imperial Order at Vienna 26 Aug 1704.� Herrin zu Hoyerswerda 1705-1737.� She married firstly (divorced) Jerzy Dominik F�rst Lubomirski.� She married secondly (Dresden 20 Oct 1722) Friedrich Ludwig Herzog von W�rttemberg-Winnental.� Mistress (4): ANNA CONSTANTIA von Brockdorff, daughter of JOACHIM von Brockdorff [zu Depenau in Holstein] & his wife --- (17 Oct 1680-31 Mar 1765).� Created Gr�fin von Cosel in 1706.� She was imprisoned in Stolpen Fortress from about 1715 until her death.� She married (1699, divorced 8 Jan 1706) Adolf Magnus Graf von Hoym ([1668]-15 Oct 1723), who was Finance Minister of Friedrich August I.� Mistress (5): HENRIETTE Renard, daughter of --- [maybe a French wine merchant in Warsaw] (-before 1724).� Friedrich August I & his wife had one child:�

a)         FRIEDRICH AUGUST von Sachsen (Dresden 17 Oct 1696-Dresden 5 Oct 1763, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� He succeeded his father 1733 as FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Elector of Saxony, and was elected AUGUST III King of Poland 1733.�

-������� see below.

Friedrich August I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):��

b)         MORITZ von Sachsen (Goslar 28 Oct 1696-Ch�teau de Chambord 30 Nov 1750, bur Strasbourg Thomaskirche).� Lieutenant in the Polish and Saxon Armies.� Legitimated in 1711 with the title Graf von Sachsen.� From about 1711 until 1727, Moritz manoeuvred endlessly but unsuccessfully to have himself chosen as Herzog von Kurland.� His career in the French Army started when he was appointed Mar�chal de Camp 9 Aug 1720.� From then on, he fought for France in many battles, rising to become Mar�chal de France.� Herr von Tautenburg und Schk�len.� He established himself in later life as Seigneur du Ch�teau de Chambord.� Governor of Flanders.� m (12 Mar 1714, divorced 26 Mar 1721) JOHANNA VIKTORIA TUGENDREICH von Loeben, daughter of FERDINAND ADOLF von Loeben & his wife Marie Katharina Elisabeth von Loeben (8 Feb 1699-1747).� She was heiress to one of the largest private fortunes in the Electorate.� She married secondly Friedrich Wilhelm von Runckel, Lieutenant in the Polish Army.� Mistress (1): MARIE Rinteau (de Verri�res), daughter of CLAUDE LOUIS Rinteau [innkeeper] & his wife Marie Anne Dupuy (1730-1775).� An actress.� Moritz & his wife had one child:�

i)          AUGUST ADOLF Graf von Sachsen (22 Jan 1715-1715).�

Moritz had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

ii)         MARIE AURORE Rinteau de la Rivi�re (chr 19 Oct 1748-25 Dec 1821).� Legitimated 5 May 1766 by the Parlement de Paris as �de Saxe�.� m firstly (1766) ANTOINE de Hornes, [possible illegitimate son of LOUIS XV King of France & his mistress ---] ([1735]-1766).� Governor of Schlettstadt.� He was killed in a duel.� m secondly (French Embassy, London Jan 1777) CLAUDE Dupin de Francueil, son of --- (-1788).

Friedrich August I had two illegitimate children by Mistress (2):�

c)          FRIEDRICH AUGUST Spiegel (19 Jun 1702-16 Mar 1764).� His father granted him the name �Rutowski� 1722.� He was legitimated in Saxony and granted the title �Graf Rutowski� 30 Sep 1724.� Legitimated and granted the title Reichsf�rst by Imperial Order 6 Apr 1729.� Field Marshal in the Polish and Saxon Armies.� m (4 Jan 1739) as her first husband, LUDOVIKA AMALIA Pss Lubomirska, daughter of JAKUV ALEKSANDAR F�rst Lubomirski & his wife --- (3 May 1722-27 Jul 1778).� She married secondly (1764) Eloi Pierre Chevalier d�Agdolli.� Friedrich August & his wife had one child:�

i)          AUGUST JOSEPH Graf Rutowski (2 Aug 1741-Braunschweig from smallpox 17 Jan 1755).

d)         MARIA AURORA Spiegel ([Warsaw] 1706-22 May 1746).� Her father granted her the name �Rutowska� 1722.� She was legitimated in Saxony and granted the title �Gr�fin Rutowska� 30 Sep 1724.� After she divorced her first husband, she lived in Paris.� m firstly (Dresden 1728, divorced 1733) MICHAEL Graf Bielinski, son of --- (-22 May 1746).� m secondly (1736) CLAUDE MARIE Comte de Bellegarde, son of --- (-1754).� Lieutenant in the Polish Army.� Polish Ambassador to France.

Friedrich August I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):�

e)         JOHANN GEORG zu Teschen (Dresden 21 Aug 1704-25 Feb 1774, bur Dresden Katholische Friedhof).� Known as �le Chevalier de Saxe�.� Knight of the Order of Malta 1724.� Field Marshall in the Saxon Army.� Governor of Dresden.

Friedrich August I had four illegitimate children by Mistress (4):�

f)          son stillborn (Dresden 29 Jan 1707).

g)         AUGUSTA CONSTANTIA von Cosel (Dresden 24 Feb 1708-Dresden 3 Feb 1728).� Legitimated 24 Oct 1709 and 24 Jan 1710.� She lived at Depenau in Holstein with her maternal grandparents from late 1709 to Sep 1721, when she was recalled to Dresden by her father.� Gr�fin von Cosel in Poland by Order 24 Dec 1724 at Warsaw.� She died of smallpox.� m (Dresden 3 Jun 1725) HEINRICH FRIEDRICH Graf von Friesen, son of --- (Maastricht 1681-Montpellier 8 Dec 1739).� General of Infantry in the Saxon Army.� Governor of Dresden.�

h)         FRIEDERIKE ALEXANDRINE von Cosel (Dresden 24 Oct 1709-Dresden 16 Dec 1784).� Legitimated 24 Oct 1709 and 24 Jan 1710.� She lived at Depenau in Holstein with her maternal grandparents from late 1709 to Sep 1721, when she was recalled to Dresden by her father.� Gr�fin von Cosel in Poland by Order 24 Dec 1724 at Warsaw.� m (Dresden 18 Feb 1730) JOHANN XANTIUS ANTON Graf Moszyński, son of --- (-14 Sep 1737).� Polish Royal Treasury Minister and Kammerherr.

i)           FRIEDRICH AUGUST von Cosel (Dresden 17 Aug 1712-Sabor 15 Oct 1770).� Gr�fin von Cosel in Poland by Order 24 Dec 1724 at Warsaw.� Herr zu Sabor in Silesia, und zu Depenau in Holstein.� General of Infantry in the Saxon Army.� m (1 Jun 1749) as her second husband, FRIEDERIKE CHRISTIANE Gr�fin von Holtzendorff zu Ober- und Niederlichtenau, divorced wife of KASPAR von Sch�nberg, daughter of CHRISTIAN Gottloeb Graf von Holtzendorff & his wife Friederike Sophie Freiin von Bibran (13 Dec 1723-23 Feb 1793).� Friedrich August & his wife had five children:�

i)          --- Graf von Cosel (Jun 1750-).

ii)         CONSTANTIA ALEXANDRINA Gr�fin von Cosel (2 Jan 1752-12 Mar 1804).� m (26 Feb 1772) JOHANN HEINRICH Lehnsgraf Knuth, son of --- (-12 Jan 1802).

iii)        GUSTAV ERNST Graf von Cosel (28 Aug 1755-29 Oct 1789).� Herr zu G�nthersdorf in Silesia.

iv)        CHARLOTTE LUISE MARIANNE Gr�fin von Cosel (Sabor 17 Jan 1757-1831).� m firstly (19 Apr 1781) RUDOLF Graf von B�nau, son of --- (-20 Jan 1806).� m secondly (1807) CHARLES de Rivi�re, son of ---.

v)         SIGISMUND Graf von Cosel (22 May 1758-29 Jun 1786).

Friedrich August I had one illegitimate child by Mistress (5):� ��

j)           ANNA KAROLINA Renard ([Leipzig] 23 Nov 1707-Avignon 27 Sep 1769).� Created Gr�fin Orzelska [=von Adler] 19 Sep 1724 in Warsaw.� In early 1726, her father gave her �das Blaue Palais� in Warsaw.� After her father�s death in 1733, she lived in Venice and Paris.� m (Dresden 10 Aug 1730, divorced 1733) KARL LUDWIG Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, son of FRIEDRICH LUDWIG Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck [Governor General in Prussia] & his wife Luise Charlotte Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (18 Sep 1690-K�nigsberg 22 Sep 1774).� General Field Marshal in the Prussian Army.� Anna Karolina had one illegitimate child by an unknown father:�

i)          son (Feb 1729-).� He was sent to be brought up in Frankfurt-an-der-Oder.

Johann Georg III had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

3.          JOHANN GEORG MAXIMILIAN --- (1686-Dresden 15 Jul 1753, bur Dresden Frauenkirche).� He was ennobled in Poland 23 Feb 1741 with the name �von F�rstenhof�.� Lieutenant in the Polish and Saxon Armies.� Governor of K�nigstein.� m firstly MARGARETA DOROTHEA K�hler, daughter of --- (-1738).� m secondly, as her first husband, CHARLOTTE EMILIE ---, daughter of ---.� She married secondly ---- Rost, wine master in Oberland.� Johann Georg Maximilian & his first wife had four children:

a)         daughter (-1743).� m PHILIPP CHRISTIAN von Kleinburg, son of --- (-1743).

b)         son (died young).

c)          daughter.

d)         daughter.�

 

 

FRIEDRICH AUGUST Prince of Saxony, son of FRIEDRICH AUGUST I "der Starke" Elector of Saxony [AUGUST II King of Poland] & his wife Christiane Eberhardine Markgr�fin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Dresden 17 Oct 1696-Dresden 5 Oct 1763, bur Dresden Katholische Hofkirche).� He succeeded his father in 1733 as FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Elector of Saxony, and was elected AUGUST III King of Poland in 1733.�

m (Vienna 20 Aug 1719) MARIA JOSEPHA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor JOSEPH I Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his wife Wilhelmine Amalie Herzogin von Braunschweig-L�neburg (Vienna 8 Dec 1699-Dresden 17 Nov 1757, bur Dresden Katholische Hofkirche).�

Friedrich August II & his wife had fifteen children:�

1.         FRIEDRICH AUGUST Prince of Saxony (Dresden 18 Nov 1720-Dresden 22 Jan 1721, bur Dresden Hofkirche).

2.         JOSEPH AUGUST Prince of Saxony (Pillnitz 24 Oct 1721-Dresden 14 Mar 1728, bur Dresden Hofkirche).

3.         FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Prince of Saxony (Dresden 5 Sep 1722-Dresden 17 Dec 1763, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� He succeeded his father in 1763 as FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Elector of Saxony.� m (by proxy Munich 13 Jun 1747, in person Dresden 20 Jun 1747) MARIA ANTONIA Herzogin von Bayern, daughter of KARL ALBRECHT Elector of Bavaria [Emperor KARL VII] & his wife Maria Amalie Archduchess of Austria (Schlo� Nymphenburg 18 Jul 1724-Dresden 23 Apr 1780, bur Dresden Hofkirche).�

-������� KINGS of SAXONY 1806-1918.�

4.         daughter stillborn (12 Jul 1723).

5.         MARIA AMALIA Pss of Saxony (Dresden 24 Nov 1724-Buen Retiro 27 Sep 1760, bur El Escorial).� m (by proxy Dresden 9 May 1738, in person Gaeta 19 Jun 1738) CARLO VII King of Naples and Sicily, son of FELIPE V King of Spain & his second wife Elisabetta Maria Farnese Pss of Parma [Isabel Farnesio] (Madrid 20 Jan 1716-Madrid 14 Dec 1788, bur El Escorial).� He succeeded his brother in 1759 as CARLOS III King of Spain.�

6.         MARIA MARGARETA FRANZISKA XAVERIA Pss of Saxony (Dresden 13 Sep 1727-Dresden 1 Feb 1734, bur Dresden Hofkirche).

7.         MARIA ANNA Pss of Saxony (Dresden 29 Aug 1728-Munich 17 Feb 1797, bur Munich St Kajetan).� m (by proxy Dresden 13 Jun 1747, in person Munich 9 Jul 1747) MAXIMILIAN III JOSEPH Elector of Bavaria, son of KARL ALBRECHT Elector of Bavaria [Emperor KARL VII] & his wife Maria Amalie Archduchess of Austria (Munich 28 Mar 1727-Munich 30 Dec 1777, bur Munich St Kajetan).�

8.         FRANZ XAVER AUGUST Prince of Saxony (Dresden 25 Aug 1730-Dresden 21 Jun 1806, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� Lieutenant in the French Army.� Graf von der Lausitz.� m (morganatically Dresden 9 Mar 1765) CLARA Contessa Spinucci, daughter of GIUSEPPE Conte Spinucci & his wife Beatrice Vecchi Buratti (Fermo 30 Aug 1741-Fermo 23 Nov 1792).� She adopted the title "Gr�fin von der Lausitz".�

-������� GRAFEN von der LAUSITZ.�

9.         MARIA JOSEPHA Pss of Saxony (Dresden 4 Nov 1731-Versailles 13 Mar 1767, bur Cathedral de Saint-Etienne, Sens).� m (Versailles by proxy Dresden 10 Jan 1747, in person Versailles 9 Feb 1747) as his second wife, LOUIS Dauphin de France, son of LOUIS XV King of France & his wife Maria Leszczinska Pss of Poland (Versailles 4 Sep 1729-Fontainebleau 20 Dec 1765, bur Cathedral de Saint-Etienne, Sens).

10.      KARL Prince of Saxony (Dresden 13 Jul 1733-Dresden 16 Jun 1796, bur Kloster Marienstern, Upper Austria).� Herzog von Kurland und Semgallen 1758-1763, when he abdicated.� m (Warsaw 21 Mar 1760) FRANZISKA [Corvin-]Krasińska, daughter of STANISŁAW Krasiński & his wife Aniela Humiecka (Maleszow 9 Mar 1742-Dresden 30 Apr 1796).� Created Gr�fin Krasińska in Poland 1775.� Maybe created Reichsf�rstin Jun 1775, although it does not appear that any trace of this ennoblement exists in the archives of the nobility in Vienna.� Karl & his wife had one child:�

a)         MARIE CHRISTINE ALBERTINE Pss von Sachsen-Kurland (Dresden 7 Dec 1770-Paris 24 Nov 1851).� m firstly (Turin 24 Oct 1797) CARLO EMANUELE di Savoia Principe di Carignano, son of VITTORIO AMEDEO di Savoia Principe di Carignano & his wife Marie Jos�phe Th�r�se de Lorraine-Lambesc (Turin 24 Oct 1770-Chaillot 16 Aug 1800).� m secondly (Paris 1er (civ) 10 Feb 1810) JULES MAXIMILIEN THIBAUT Comte de Montl�art, son of MARIE LOUIS de Montl�art & his wife Marie Louise de Saint-Simon (Paris Saint Sulpice 8 Feb 1787-Paris 18 Oct 1865).� He was created Prince by his stepson the king of Sardinia 19 Oct 1842.

11.      MARIE CHRISTINA Pss of Saxony (Warsaw 12 Feb 1735-Brumath 19 Nov 1782, bur Remiremont).� Pss Abbess of Remiremont 1773.

12.      MARIE ELISABETH Pss of Saxony (Warsaw 9 Feb 1736-Dresden 24 Dec 1818, bur Dresden Hofkirche).

13.      ALBERT KASIMIR Prince of Saxony (Moritzburg 11 Jul 1738-Vienna 10 Feb 1822, bur Vienna).� Empress Maria Theresia named Albert Statthalter of Hungary in 1765, residing in Pre�burg, which became a cultural centre under the influence of Albert and his wife.� Duke of Teschen 1766 following his marriage.� Named Governor (Stadhouder).� of the Netherlands (based in Brussels).� by Emperor Joseph II in 1780, in succession to Charles Duc de Lorraine.� At the outbreak of Revolution in 1789, the couple were forced to flee to Bonn, returning briefly to Brussels as Stadhouder 1791-1792.� Albert amassed a celebrated collection of paintings known as �the Albertina�.� Stadhouder of the Netherlands 1781-1793.� m (Pre�burg 8 Apr 1766) MARIA CHRISTINA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary (Vienna 13 May 1742-Vienna 24 Jun 1798, bur Kapuzinergruft Vienna).� Albert & his wife had one child:�

a)         MARIA THERESIA Pss of Saxony (Vienna 16 May 1767-Vienna 17 May 1767).

14.      CLEMENS WENZEL Prince of Saxony (Hubertusburg 28 Sep 1739-Oberndorf, near Augsburg 27 Jul 1812, bur Oberndorf Pfarrkirche).� He was ordained as a priest 1761.� Canon at K�ln 1763-1766.� Bishop of Freising 18 Apr 1768.� Bishop of Regensburg 27 Apr 1768.� He renounced these Bishoprics to become Bishop of Augsburg 20 Aug 1768.� ABishop and Elector of Trier from 10 Feb 1768 to 25 Apr 1802.�

15.      MARIA KUNIGUNDE Pss of Saxony (Warsaw 10 Nov 1740-Dresden 8 Apr 1826, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� Canoness of M�nsterbilsen 1769.� F�rstin-�btissin von Thorn 1776-1795.� F�rstin-�btissin von Essen 1776-1802.�

 

 

 

B.����� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-WEISSENFELS

 

 

The following reconstruction includes only selected primary source references.� Posse includes brief biographical notes, supported by citation references[947].�

 

AUGUST von Sachsen, son of JOHANN GEORG I Elector of Saxony & his second wife Magdalene Sibylle Pss von Preu�en (Dresden 13 Aug 1614-Halle 4 Jun 1680, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� Administrator of Magdeburg 1638.� From 1656, zu Querfurt, Dahme, Burg, J�terbog, Sachsenburg, Eckartsberga, Bibra, Freiberg, Sangerhausen, Langensalza, Weissensee, Heldrungen and Weissenfels.� From 1657, Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels.� From 1659 in Grafschaft Barby-M�hlingen.�

m firstly (Schwerin 23 Nov/3 Dec 1647) ANNA MARIE Herzogin von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, daughter of ADOLF FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Mecklenburg-Schwerin & his wife --- (Schwerin 1 Jul 1627-Halle 11 Dec 1669, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).�

m secondly (Halle 29 Jan 1672) JOHANNA WALPURGIS Gr�fin von Leiningen-Westerburg, daughter of GEORG WILHELM Graf von Leiningen-Westerburg in Westerburg & his wife --- (Schaumburg an der Lahn 3 Jun 1647-Dahme 4 Nov 1687, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).�

August & his first wife had twelve children:�

1.         MAGDALENE SIBYLLE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 2 Sep 1648-Gotha 7 Jan 1681, bur Gotha Friedenstein).� m (Halle 14 Nov 1669) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH I Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 15 Jul 1646-Friedrichswerth 2 Aug 1691, bur Gotha Friedenstein).�

2.         JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1649-24 May 1697, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� He succeeded his father in 1680 as JOHANN ADOLF I Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels.� m firstly (Altenburg 25 Oct/4 Nov 1671) JOHANNA MAGDALENA Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH WILHELM II Herzog von Sachsen-Altenburg & his second wife Magdalena Sibylle Herzogin von Sachsen (Altenburg 14 Jan 1656-Weissenfels 22 Jan 1686, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� m secondly (Querfurt 1692) CHRISTIANE WILHELMINA von B�nau, daughter of --- (Altenburg 1666-Schlo� Dahme 1707, bur Dahme).� Johann Adolf I & his first wife had ten children:�

a)         MAGDALENE SIBYLLE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle an der Saale 3 Sep 1673-Eisenach 28 Nov 1726, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).� m (Weissenfels 28 Jul 1708) as his third wife, JOHANN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach, son of JOHANN GEORG I Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach & his wife Johannetta Gr�fin von Sayn-Wittgenstein zu Altenkirchen (Friedewald 17 Oct 1666-Eisenach 4 Jan 1729, bur Eisenach St Georgenkirche).�

b)         AUGUST FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1674-Halle 1675, bur Weissenfels).�

c)         JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (b and d Halle 1676, bur Weissenfels).�

d)         JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1677-Weissenfels16 Mar 1712, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� He succeeded his father in 1697 as JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels.� m (Jena 7 Jan 1698) FRIEDERIKE ELISABETH Herzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach, daughter of JOHANN GEORG I Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach & his wife Johannetta Gr�fin von Sayn-Wittgenstein zu Altenkirchen (Altenkirchen 5 May 1669-Langensalza 12 Nov 1730, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� Johann Georg & his wife had six children:�

i)          FRIEDERIKE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1701-Weissenfels 1706, bur Weissenfels).�

ii)         JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1702-Weissenfels 1703, bur Weissenfels).�

iii)        JOHANNETTE WILHELMINE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (and d Weissenfels 1704, bur Weissenfels).�

iv)       JOHANNETTE AMALIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1705-Weissenfels 1706, bur Weissenfels).�

v)        JOHANNA MAGDALENE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 17 Mar 1708-Leipzig 25 Jan 1760, bur Weissenfels).� m (Danzig 5 Jan 1731)� FERDINAND Duke of Courland, son of JACOB Duke of Courland and Semgallen & his wife Luise Charlotte Markgr�fin von Brandenburg (1 Nov 1655-Danzig 4 May 1737, bur Mitau).�

vi)       FRIEDERIKE AMALIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1712-Weissenfels 1714, bur Weissenfels).�

e)         JOHANNA WILHELMINE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1680-Halle 1730, bur Weissenfels).�

f)          FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (b and d Weissenfels 1681).�

g)         CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1682-Sangerhausen 1736, bur Weissenfels).� He succeeded his brother in 1712 as CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels.� m (Stolberg 1712) LUISE CHRISTINE Gr�fin zu Stolberg, daughter of --- (Ortenberg 1675-Weissenfels 1738, bur Weissenfels).�

h)         ANNA MARIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1683-Sorau 1731, bur Sorau).� m (Weissenfels 1705) ERDMANN II Graf von Promnitz, son of --- (-Waldschlo� bei Sorau 1745).�

i)          SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1684-Rosswald, Silesia 1752, bur Rosswald).� m firstly (Leipzig 16 Oct 1699) GEORG WILHELM Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, son of CHRISTIAN ERNST Markgraf von Brandenburg-Bayreuth & his second wife Sophie Luise Herzogin von W�rttemberg (Bayreuth 26 Nov 1678-Bayreuth 18 Dec 1726, bur Bayreuth Stadtkirche).� He succeeded his father in 1712 as GEORG WILHELM Markgraf von Brandenburg in Bayreuth.� m secondly (14 Jul 1734) JOSEPH ALBERT Graf von Hoditz und Wolframitz, son of --- (-Potsdam 18 Mar 1770).�

j)          JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1685-Leipzig 16 May 1746, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� He succeeded his brother in 1736 as JOHANN ADOLF II Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels.� m firstly (Eisenach ) may 1721) JOHANNETTE ANTOINETTE JULIANA Herzogin von Sachsen-Eisenach, daughter of JOHANN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach & his second wife Christina Juliana Markgr�fin von Baden-Durlach (Jena 31 Jan 1698-Schlo� Dahme 13 Apr 1726, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� m secondly (Altenburg 27 Nov 1734) FRIEDERIKE Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha, daughter of FRIEDRICH II Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Magdalena Augusta Pss von Anhalt-Zerbst (Gotha 17 Jul 1715-Langensalza 12 May 1775, bur Weissenfels Schlo�kirche).� Johann Adolf II & his first wife had one child:�

i)          FRIEDRICH JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Dahme 1722-Dahme 1724, bur Weissenfels).�

Johann Adolf & his second wife had five children:�

ii)         KARL FRIEDRICH ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1736-Weissenfels 1737, bur Weissenfels).�

iii)        JOHANN ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (b and d Weissenfels 1738, bur Weissenfels).�

iv)       AUGUST ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1739-Weissenfels 1740, bur Weissenfels).�

v)        JOHANN GEORG ADOLF Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (b and d Weissenfels 1740, bur Weissenfels).�

vi)       FRIEDERIKE ADOLFINE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Weissenfels 1741-Langensalza 1751, bur Weissenfels).�

3.         AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1650-Halle 11 Aug 1674, bur Weissenfels).� m (Halle 25 Aug 1673) as her first husband, CHARLOTTE Landgr�fin von Hessen-Eschwege, daughter of FRIEDRICH Landgraf von Hessen-Eschwege und Wanfried & his wife Eleonore Katharina Pfalzgr�fin von Zweibr�cken-Kleeburg (Eschwege 3 Sep 1653-Bremen 7 Feb 1708, bur Eschwege St Dionysius).� She married secondly (Halle 21 Apr 1679, divorced 1693) Johann Adolf Graf zu Bentheim und Tecklenburg.�

4.         CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1652-killed in battle Mainz 1689, bur Weissenfels).�

5.         ANNA MARIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1653-Halle 1671, bur Weissenfels).�

6.         SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 23 Jun 1654-Zerbst 31 Mar 1724, bur Zerbst Schlo� F�rstengruft).� m (Halle 18 Jun 1676) KARL WILHELM F�rst von Anhalt-Zerbst, son of JOHANN F�rst von Anhalt-Zerbst & his wife Sophie Augusta Herzogin von Holstein-Gottorp Zerbst 16 Oct 1652-Zerbst 3 Nov 1718, bur Zerbst, transferred 1899 to Zerbst Schlo� F�rstengruft).�

7.         KATHARINE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1655-Halle 1663, bur Weissenfels).

8.         CHRISTINA Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle an der Saale 25 Aug 1656-Eutin 27 Apr 1698, bur L�beck Cathedral).� m (Halle an der Saale 21 Jun 1676) AUGUST FRIEDRICH Herzog von Holstein-Gottorp, son of FRIEDRICH III Herzog von Holstein-Gottorp & his wife Marie Elisabeth Herzogin von Sachsen (Gottorf 6/16 May 1646-Eutin 1/2 Oct 1705, bur L�beck Cathedral).�

9.         HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1657-Barby 16 Feb 1728, bur Barby).� zu Grafschaft Barby 1680.� m (Dessau 30 Mar 1686) ELEONORE ALBERTINE Pss von Anhalt-Dessau, daughter of JOHANN GEORG II F�rst von Anhalt-Dessau & his wife Henriette Catharina Pss van Oranje Gr�fin von Nassau (C�ln an der Spree 1 May 1665-Dessau 5 Oct 1706, bur Barby).� Heinrich & his wife had five children:�

a)         JOHANN AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Dessau 1687-Dessau 1688, bur Dessau).�

b)         JOHANN AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (b and d Dessau 1689, bur Dessau). �

c)         FRIEDRICH HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Dessau 1692-The Hague 1711, bur Barby).�

d)         GEORG ALBERT Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels in Barby (Dessau 19 Apr 1695-Barby 12 Jun 1739, bur Barby).� m (Forst, Niederlausitz 18 Feb 1721, divorced 23 Sep 1732) AUGUSTE LUISE Herzogin von W�rttemberg-Oels, daughter of CHRISTIAN ULRICH I Herzog von W�rttemberg-Oels & his first wife Anna Elisabeth Pss von Anhalt-Bernburg (Bernstadt 11/21 Jan 1698-Skarsine, Silesia 4 Jan 1739).�

e)         HENRIETTE MARIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Dessau 1697-Weissenfels 1719, bur Barby).�

10.      ALBERT Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1659-Leipzig 1692, bur Erfurt).� m (Wertheim 1687) CHRISTINA THERESA Gr�fin zu L�wenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort, daughter of --- (Wertheim 1665-Rumburg 1730, bur Rumburg).� Albert & his wife had two children:�

a)         ANNA CHRISTINE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (1690-Vienna 1763, bur Weissenfels). �

b)         MARIE AUGUSTA Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (b and d Wertheim 1692, bur Weissenfels).�

11.      ELISABETH Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1660-Halle 1663, bur Weissenfels).�

12.      DOROTHEA Herzogin von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1662-Halle 1663, bur Weissenfels).�

August & his second wife had two children:�

13.      FRIEDRICH ERDMANN Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1673-Dahme 1715, bur Weissenfels).� m (Dahme 1711) EMILIE AGNES Gr�fin Reu� zu Schleiz, daughter of --- (Schleiz 1667-F�rstliche-Drehna 1729, bur Drehna).�

14.      MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Weissenfels (Halle 1676-Szegedin Hungary 1695, bur Weissenfels).

 

 

 

C.����� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-MERSEBURG

 

 

The following reconstruction includes only selected primary source references.� Posse includes brief biographical notes, supported by citation references[948].�

 

CHRISTIAN von Sachsen, son of JOHANN GEORG I Elector of Saxony & his second wife Magdalene Sibylle Pss von Preu�en (Dresden 27 Oct 1615-Merseburg 18 Oct 1691, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� From 1657, CHRISTIAN I Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg.�

m (Dresden 19 Nov 1650) CHRISTIANE Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg, daughter of PHILIPP Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg & his wife Sophie Hedwig Herzogin von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Copenhagen 22 Sep 1634-Delitzsch 20 May 1701, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

Christian I & his wife had ten children:

1.         MAGDALENE SIBYLLE Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Dresden 1651-Merseburg 1675, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

2.         JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1652-Merseburg 1654, bur Merseburg Cathedral). �

3.         CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1653-Merseburg 1694, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� He succeeded his father in 1691 as CHRISTIAN II Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg.� m (Moritzburg an der Elster 1679) ERDMUTHE DOROTHEA Pss von Sachsen-Zeitz, daughter of MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz & his second wife Dorothea Maria Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar (Naumburg 1661-Merseburg 1720, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� Christian & his wife had seven children:�

a)         CHRISTIAN MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1680-Merseburg 1694, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

b)         JOHANN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1681-Merseburg 1685).�

c)         AUGUST FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Delitzsch 1684-Merseburg 1685, bur Merseburg Cathedral). �

d)         PHILIPP LUDWIG Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1686-Merseburg 1688, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

e)         MORITZ WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1688-Merseburg 1731, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� succeeded his father in 1694 as MORITZ WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg.� m (Idstein 4 Nov 1711) HENRIETTE CHARLOTTE Pss von Nassau-Saarbr�cken, daughter of GEORG AUGUST SAMUEL F�rst von Nassau-Saarbr�cken-Idstein & his wife Henriette Dorothea Pss von Oettingen (Idstein 9/19 Nov 1693-Delitzsch 8 Apr 1734). �Moritz Wilhelm & his wife had one child:�

i)          FRIEDERIKE ULRIKE Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (b and d Merseburg 1720, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

f)          FRIEDRICH ERDMANN Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 20 Sep 1691-K�then or Merseburg 2 Jun 1714, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� m (K�then 15 Feb 1714) as her first husband, ELEONORE WILHELMINE Pss von Anhalt-K�then, daughter of EMANUEL LEBRECHT F�rst von Anhalt-K�then & his wife Gisela Agnes [von] Rath (K�then 7 May 1696-Weimar 30 Aug 1726, bur Weimar Friedhof).� She married secondly (Nienburg 24 Jan 1716) as his first wife, Ernst August Erbprinz von Sachsen-Weimar, who succeeded his father in 1728 as Ernst August I Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar.

g)         CHRISTIANA ELEONORE DOROTHEA Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1692-Merseburg 1693, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

4.         AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg in Z�rbig (Merseburg 1655-Z�rbig 1715, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� m (G�strow 1/11 Dec 1686) HEDWIG Herzogin von Mecklenburg-G�strow, daughter of GUSTAV ADOLF Herzog von Mecklenburg-G�strow & his wife Magdalene Sibylle Herzogin von Holstein-Gottorp (Schlo� G�strow 11 Jan 1666-Schlo� Z�rbig 19 Aug 1735).� August & his wife had five children:�

a)         CHRISTIANE MAGDALENA Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Z�rbig 1687-Merseburg 1689, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

b)         KAROLINE AUGUSTA Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Z�rbig 1691-Z�rbig 1743, bur Z�rbig).�

c)         HEDWIG ELEONORE Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (b and d Z�rbig 1693, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

d)         GUSTAV FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Z�rbig 1694-Z�rbig 1695, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

e)         AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (b and d Z�rbig 1696, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

5.         PHILIPP Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg in Lauchst�dt (Merseburg 1657-killed in battle Fleury 20 Jun/1 Jul 1690, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� m firstly (Weimar 9 Jul 1684) ELEONORE SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar, daughter of JOHANN ERNST II Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar & his wife Christine Elisabeth Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (Weimar 22 Mar 1660-Lauchst�dt 4 Feb 1687, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� m secondly (Bernstadt 17 Aug 1688) LUISE ELISABETH Herzogin von W�rttemberg-Bernstadt, daughter of CHRISTIAN ULRICH I Herzog von W�rttemberg-Bernstadt [later Herzog von W�rttemberg-Oels] & his first wife Anna Elisabeth Pss von Anhalt-Bernburg (Bernstadt 26 Feb/8 Mar 1673-Forst Niederlausitz 28 Apr 1736, bur Forst).� Philipp & his first wife had two children:�

a)         CHRISTIANA ERNESTINA Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1685-Merseburg 1689, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

b)         JOHANN WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Lauchst�dt 1687 Merseburg 1687, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

Philipp & his second wife had one child:�

c)         CHRISTIAN LUDWIG Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1689-Merseburg 1690, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

6.         CHRISTIANE Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1 Jun 1659-Eisenberg 13 Mar 1679, bur Eisenberg).� m (Merseburg 1677) as his first wife, CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 6 Jan 1653-Eisenberg 28 Apr 1707, bur Eisenberg).� CHRISTIAN Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenberg from 1680.�

7.         SOPHIE HEDWIG Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 4 Aug 1660-Saalfeld 2 Aug 1686, bur Saalfeld).� m (Merseburg 18 Feb 1680) as his first wife, JOHANN ERNST Herzog von Sachsen-Saalfeld, son of ERNST I "der Fromme" joint Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha & his wife Elisabeth Sophie Herzogin von Sachsen-Altenburg (Gotha 22 Aug 1658-Saalfeld 17 Feb 1729, bur Saalfeld).�

8.         HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg in Spremberg (Merseburg 1661-Dobrilugk 1738, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� He succeeded his nephew in 1731 as HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg.� m (G�strow 1692) ELISABETH Herzogin von Mecklenburg-G�strow, daughter of GUSTAV ADOLF Herzog von Mecklenburg-G�strow & his wife Magdalene Sibylle Herzogin von Holstein-Gottorp ((Schlo� G�strow 3 Sep 1668-Dobrilugk 25 Aug 1738, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� Heinrich & his wife had three children:�

a)         MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (1694-1695).�

b)         CHRISTIANA FRIEDERIKE Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Spremberg 1697-Spremberg 1722, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

c)         GUSTAVA MAGDALENA Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (b and d Spremberg 1699, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

9.         MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 1662-Merseburg 1664, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

10.      SIBYLLE MARIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Merseburg (Merseburg 28 Oct 1667-Bernstadt 9/19 Oct 1693, bur Oels).� m (Dobrilugk 27 Oct 1683) as his second wife, CHRISTIAN ULRICH Herzog von W�rttemberg-Bernstadt, son of SILVIUS I NIMROD Herzog von W�rttemberg- Oels & his wife Elisabeth Marie von M�nsterberg-Oels (Oels 9/19 Apr 1652-Oels 5 Apr 1704).� He succeeded his brother in 1704 as CHRISTIAN ULRICH I Herzog von W�rttemberg-Oels. �

 

 

 

D.����� HERZ�GE von SACHSEN-ZEITZ

 

 

The following reconstruction includes only selected primary source references.� Posse includes brief biographical notes, supported by citation references[949].�

 

MORITZ von Sachsen, son of JOHANN GEORG I Elector of Saxony & his second wife Magdalene Sibylle Pss von Preu�en (Dresden 28 Mar 1619-Moritzburg an der Elster 4 Dec 1681, bur Moritzburg).� Administrator of the Bishopric of Naumburg 1622, minor until 1653.� From 1657, MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz.� From 1657 in Stift Naumburg-Zeitz, 5/12 Grafschaft Henneberg, Teutenburg, Plauen, Triptis, Weida, Ziegenr�ck and Neustadt an der Orla.�

m firstly (Dresden 19 Nov 1650) SOPHIE HEDWIG Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg, daughter of PHILIPP Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg & his wife Sophie Hedwig Herzogin von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Gl�cksburg 7 Oct 1630-Dresden 7 Oct 1652, bur Dresden Sophienkirche).�

m secondly (Weimar 3 Jul 1656) DOROTHEA MARIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar, daughter of WILHELM "der Gro�e" Herzog von Sachsen-Weimar & his wife Eleonore Dorothea Pss von Anhalt-Dessau (Weimar 14 Oct 1641-Moritzburg an der Elster 11 Jun 1675, bur Moritzburg an der Elster).�

m thirdly (Wiesenburg 14 Jun 1676) SOPHIE ELISABETH Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg, daughter of PHILIPP LUDWIG Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg & his second wife Anna Margarete Landgr�fin von Hessen-Homburg (Homburg vor der H�he 4 May 1653-Schleusingen 19 Aug 1684, bur Moritzburg).�

Moritz & his first wife had two children:�

1.         JOHANN PHILIPP Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (Dresden 1651-Dresden 1652, bur Dresden). �

2.         MORITZ Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (Dresden 1652-Dresden 1653, bur Dresden).�

Moritz & his second wife had ten children:�

3.         ELEONORE MAGDALENA Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (Weimar 1658-Dresden 1661, bur Dresden).�

4.         WILHELMINA ELEONORE Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (b and d 1659). �

5.         ERDMUTHE DOROTHEA Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (Naumburg 1661-Merseburg 1720, bur Merseburg Cathedral).� m (Moritzburg an der Elster 1679) CHRISTIAN II Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg, son of CHRISTIAN I Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg & his wife Christiane Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg (Merseburg 1653-Merseburg 1694, bur Merseburg Cathedral).�

6.         MORITZ WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1664-Weida 15 Nov 1718, bur Weida).� He succeeded his father in 1681 as MORITZ WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz.� m (Potsdam 25 Jun 1689) as her second husband, MARIE AMALIE Markgr�fin von Brandenburg, widow of KARL Erbherzog von Mecklenburg-G�strow, daughter of FRIEDRICH WILHELM "der Grosse" Elector of Brandenburg & his second wife Dorothea Herozgin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg (Schlo� Berlin 26 Nov 1670-Schlo� Schleusingen 17 Nov 1739, bur Kassel St Martin).� Moritz Wilhelm & his wife had five children:�

a)         FRIEDRICH WILHELM Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (b and d Moritzburg 1690, bur Moritzburg). �

b)         DOROTHEA WILHELMINE Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg an der Elster 20 Mar 1691-Kassel 17 Mar 1743, bur Kassel St Martin).� m (Zeitz 27 Sep 1717) WILHELM Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel, son of KARL Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel & his wife Marie Anna Pss of Courland (Kassel 10 Mar 1682-Rinteln 1 Feb 1760, bur Kassel St Martin).� He succeeded his brother in 1751 as WILHELM VIII Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel.�

c)         KAROLINE AMALIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1693-Moritzburg 1694, bur Moritzburg). �

d)         SOPHIE CHARLOTTE Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1695-Moritzburg 1696, bur Moritzburg).�

e)         FRIEDRICH AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1700-Halle 1710, bur Moritzburg). �

7.         JOHANN GEORG Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1665-Moritzburg 1666, bur Moritzburg). �

8.         CHRISTIAN AUGUST Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1666-Regensburg 1725, bur Pressburg Cathedral).� Cardinal 1706.� Archbishop of Gran and Primate of Hungary 1707.� �

9.         MARIE SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1670-Moritzburg 1671, bur Moritzburg). �

10.      MAGDALENA SIBYLLA Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (b and d Moritzburg 1672). �

11.      WILHELMINA SOPHIE Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (b and d 1675, bur Moritzburg).�

12.      FRIEDRICH HEINRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz in Pegau und Neustadt (Moritzburg an der Elster 21 Jul 1668-Neustadt an der Orla 18 Dec 1713, bur Neustadt an der Orla).� m firstly (Oels 1699) SOPHIE ANGELIKA Herzog von W�rttemberg-Bernstadt, daughter of CHRISTIAN ULRICH I Herzog von W�rttemberg-Bernstadt [later Herzog von W�rttemberg-Oels] & his first wife Anna Elisabeth Pss von Anhalt-Bernburg (Bernstadt 20/30 May 1677-Pegau 11 Nov 1700, bur Zeitz Cathedral). m secondly (Moritzburg 1702) ANNA FRIEDERIKE PHILIPPINE Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg, daughter of PHILIPP LUDWIG Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg & his second wife Anna Margarete Landgr�fin von Hessen-Homburg (Wiesenburg 4 Jul 1665-Neustadt an der Orla 25 Feb 1748).� Friedrich Heinrich & his second wife had two children:�

a)         MORITZ ADOLF KARL Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz (Moritzburg 1702-P�ltenberg 1759, bur P�ltenberg).� Bishop of K�niggr�tz 1732.� Bishop of Leitmeritz 1733 to 1752.�

b)         DOROTHEA CHARLOTTE Herzogin von Sachsen-Zeitz (b and d Moritzburg 1708, bur Moritzburg).

 

 

 



[1] Haverkamp, A. (1988) Medieval Germany 1056-1273 (Oxford University Press), p. 232.�

[2] McKitterick, R. (1983) Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987 (Longman, London and New York), p. 18.�

[3] Scholz, B. W. with Rogers, B. (2000) Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories (University of Michigan Press) (�RFA�), 758, p. 42.�

[4] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum I.12, MGH SS VII, p. 288.�

[5] Annalista Saxo 781.�

[6] Reuter, T. (1991) Germany in the early middle ages c.800-1056 (Longman), p. 66.�

[7] Annales Alamannicorum continuation Sangallensis prima 864, MGH SS I, p. 50, alternative text quoted in footnote 1.�

[8] Einhardi Annales 811, MGH SS I, p. 198.�

[9] "�Egbertus comes, Theotheri comes, Abo comes, Ostdag comes, Wigman comes".�

[10] Leuschner, J. (1980) Germany in the Late Middle Ages (North Holland Publishing Company), p. 159.�

[11] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum I.4, MGH SS VII, p. 285.�

[12] Annales Einhardi 743, MGH SS I, p. 135.�

[13] RFA, 743 and 744, p. 38.�

[14] RFA 758, p. 42.�

[15] RFA 777, p. 55.�

[16] Annales Laurissenses 777, MGH SS I, p. 156.�

[17] RFA 778, p. 56.�

[18] Annales Laurissenses 785, MGH SS I, p. 168.�

[19] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum I.12, MGH SS VII, p. 288.�

[20] ES II 104.�

[21] Translatio S. Alexandri 4, MGH SS II, p. 677.�

[22] Harenberg, J. C. (1759) Monumenta Historica adhuc Inedita (Braunschweig), Band II, Historia Angariensis, p. 162.�

[23] Sloet, L. A. J. W. (ed.) (1872) Ooorkondenboek der graafschappens Gelre en Zutfen, Eerste gedeelte (The Hague), 30, p. 33.�

[24] R�thning, G. (1930) Urkundenbuch der Grafschaft Oldenburg bis 1482 (Oldenburg) (�Oldenburgisches Urkundenbuch�), Band V, 8, p. 10.�

[25] Harenberg (1759), Band II, Historia Angariensis, p. 162.�

[26] Sloet (1872), 30, p. 33.�

[27] Ekkehardi Chronicon Universale, MGH SS VI, p. 179.�

[28] D LD 95, p. 137.�

[29] D LD 142, p. 198.�

[30] Oldenburgisches Urkundenbuch (1930), Band V, 8, p. 10.�

[31] Harenberg (1759), Band II, Historia Angariensis, p. 163.�

[32] Harenberg (1759), Band II, Historia Angariensis, p. 163.�

[33] Oldenburgisches Urkundenbuch (1930), Band V, 8, p. 10.�

[34] Harenberg (1759), Band II, Historia Angariensis, p. 163.�

[35] Harenberg (1759), Band II, Historia Angariensis, p. 163.�

[36] D LD 142, p. 198.�

[37] Oldenburgisches Urkundenbuch (1930), Band V, 8, p. 10.�

[38] Oldenburgisches Urkundenbuch (1930), Band V, 8, p. 10.�

[39] Harenberg (1759), Band II, Historia Angariensis, p. 163.�

[40] Oldenburgisches Urkundenbuch (1930), Band V, 8, p. 10.�

[41] Annales Laurissenses 785, MGH SS I, p. 168.�

[42] Einhardi Annales 811, MGH SS I, p. 198.�

[43] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.31, MGH SS III, p. 431.�

[44] Vita Mathildis Regin� 2, MGH SS IV, p. 285.�

[45] Grote, H. (1877) Stammtafeln (reprint Leipzig, 1984), p. 505.�

[46] ES II 104.�

[47] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.31, MGH SS III, p. 431.�

[48] Vita Mathildis Regin� 2, MGH SS IV, p. 285.�

[49] Vita Mathildis Regin� 2, MGH SS IV, p. 285.�

[50] ES II 104.�

[51] Reginonis Chronicon 882, MGH SS I, p. 593.�

[52] Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium I,80 , MGH SS VII, p. 431.�

[53] Piper, P. (ed.) (Berlin) Libri confraternitatum Sancti Galli, Augiensis, Fabariensis (Berlin), p. 84.�

[54] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), Merseburg.�

[55] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.31, MGH SS III, p. 431.�

[56] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.31, MGH SS III, p. 431.�

[57] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.31, MGH SS III, p. 431.�

[58] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.31, MGH SS III, pp. 430-1.�

[59] Warner, D. A. (trans.) The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (2001) (Manchester University Press), 1.9, p. 74.�

[60] Vita Mahthildis Regin� Antiquior 1, MGH SS X, p. 575.�

[61] Thietmar, p. 83, footnote 64.�

[62] Thietmar 1.21, p. 82.�

[63] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[64] Piper, P. (ed.) (Berlin) Libri confraternitatum Sancti Galli, Augiensis, Fabariensis (Berlin), p. 84.�

[65] Vita Domni Deoderici Episcopi Maioris I, MGH SS IV, p. 464.�

[66] 'Obits m�morables tir�s de n�crologes luxembourgeois, r�mois et messins', Revue Mabillon VI (1910-1911), p. 268.�

[67] Thietmar 2.12, p. 100.�

[68] Piper, P. (ed.) (Berlin) Libri confraternitatum Sancti Galli, Augiensis, Fabariensis (Berlin), p. 84.�

[69] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[70] Piper, P. (ed.) (Berlin) Libri confraternitatum Sancti Galli, Augiensis, Fabariensis (Berlin), p. 84.�

[71] D O I 17, p. 105.�

[72] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), Merseburg.�

[73] D O I 17, p. 105.�

[74] D O I 17, p. 105.�

[75] ES XIX 1 B.�

[76] Widukind I.III, c. 69, cited in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 5, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 11.�

[77] Wigand, P. (ed.) (1843) Traditiones Corbeienses (Leipzig) (�Traditiones Corbeienses�), 271, p. 57.�

[78] D O III 81, p. 489.�

[79] Thietmar 4.20, p. 166.�

[80] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[81] D O III 180, p. 590.�

[82] D H II 259, p. 303.�

[83] D O III 81, p. 489.�

[84] D O II 209, p. 237.�

[85] Thietmar 4.20, p. 166.�

[86] Widukind I.III, c. 69, cited in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 5, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 11.�

[87] Necrologium Abdinhofense, quoted in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 10.�

[88] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 10 quoting her death "8 Idus Aug" in necrologium Abdinhofense.�

[89] Widukind I.III, c. 69, cited in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 5, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 11.�

[90] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.2 and 1.3, MGH SS IV, pp. 702 and 703, the latter passage with "18 May 997" added in the margin.�

[91] D O III 235, p. 649.�

[92] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 701.�

[93] Thietmar 7.47, p. 340.�

[94] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum II.5, MGH SS IV, p. 711.�

[95] Thioderici Aeditui Tuitiensis Opuscula, MGH SS XIV, p. 564.�

[96] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 10 quoting his death "VII Idus Apr" in necrologium Abdinhofense, and 132, p. 133.���

[97] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108.�

[98] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 10 quoting her death "Non Feb" in necrologium Abdinhofense.�

[99] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319.�

[100] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319.�

[101] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319.�

[102] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, p. 319.�

[103] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, pp. 319 and 320.�

[104] Baumgarten, N. de 'G�n�alogies et mariages occidentaux des Rurikides Russes du X au XIII si�cles�, Orientalia Christiana Vol. IX - 1, No. 35, May 1927 (reprint, Pont. Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, Rome) (�Baumgarten (1927)�), p. 9, citing Baumgarten, N. de Oda de Stade et son fils Rostislaw, no page reference cited.�

[105] Annales Stadenses 1112, MGH SS XVI, pp. 319-20.�

[106] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 2, MGH SS XI, p. 108.�

[107] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 14, MGH SS XI, p. 114.�

[108] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum II.44 and II.76, MGH SS VII, pp. 321 and 333.�

[109] Ekkehardi Chronicon, MGH SS VI, pp. 225-6.� .�

[110] ES III 26.�

[111] Annales Laurissenses 775, MGH SS I, p. 154.�

[112] MGH SS II, p. 569.�

[113] Vita Sanct� Id� I.1, MGH SS II, p. 570.�

[114] Einhardi Annales 809, MGH SS I, p. 197.�

[115] Ried, T. (ed.) (1816) Chronologico Diplomaticus Episcopatus Ratisbonensis Tomus I Diplomata S�culi VIII-XIII (Regensburg) (�Regensburg Cartulary�), Section I, no. XV, p. 10.�

[116] Einhardi Annales 811, MGH SS I, p. 198.�

[117] RHGF VI, CLXXXVIII, p. 593.�

[118] Vita Sancti Id� auctore Uffingo Monacho Werthinensi 1, MGH SS II, p. 570.�

[119] MGH SS II, p. 569.�

[120] Historia Translationis Sanct� Pusinn� 2, MGH SS II, p. 682.�

[121] Historia Translationis Sanct� Pusinn� 2, MGH SS II, p. 682.�

[122] Historia Translationis Sancti Viti 12, MGH SS II, p. 580.�

[123] Historia Translationis Sanct� Pusinn� 3, MGH SS II, p. 683.�

[124] Wolff, L. (ed.) (1969) Die Gandersheimer Reimchronik des Priesters Eberhard 2nd Ed. (Altdeutsche Textbibliothek, T�bingen), 9, lines 139-44, cited in Jackman, D. C. (1997) Criticism and Critique, sidelights on the Konradiner (Oxford Unit for Prosopographical Research), p. 146 footnote 40.�

[125] Chronicon Hildesheimense 4, MGH SS VII, p. 851.�

[126] Wolff, L. (ed.) (1969) Die Gandersheimer Reimchronik des Priesters Eberhard 2nd Ed. (Altdeutsche Textbibliothek, T�bingen), 9, lines 139-44, cited in Jackman (1997), p. 146 footnote 40.�

[127] Chronicon Hildesheimense 4, MGH SS VII, p. 851.�

[128] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.16, MGH SS III, p. 425.�

[129] Annales Alamannicorum continuation Sangallensis prima 864, MGH SS I, p. 50, alternative text quoted in footnote 1.�

[130] Annales Xantenses 866, MGH SS II, p. 231.�

[131] Carmen de Primordiis C�nobii Gandersheimensis, MGH SS IV, p. 306.�

[132] Riedel Mark 1 [the full reference is not given], p. 25, quoted in Raumer, G. W. von (1836) Regesta Histori� Brandenburgensis Tome I (Berlin) (�Regesta Histori� Brandenburgensis�), p. 24.�

[133] D Arn 107, p. 157.�

[134] D O I 89, p. 171.�

[135] Annalista Saxo 907.�

[136] D LJ 3, p. 335.�

[137] Annales Fuldensium Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 880, MGH SS I, p. 393.�

[138] Gesta quorundam regum Francorum 880, MGH SS I, p. 393.�

[139] Thietmar 2.23, p. 108.�

[140] Erchanberti Breviarum, MGH SS II, p. 330.�

[141] Gesta quorundam regum Francorum 880, MGH SS I, p. 393.�

[142] Thietmar 1.7.�

[143] Annalista Saxo 907.�

[144] ES I.1 10.�

[145] Traditiones Corbeienses 235, p. 96.�

[146] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.16, MGH SS III, p. 425.�

[147] D LJ 2, p. 334.�

[148] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[149] Annalista Saxo 885, which gives the exact date.�

[150] ES I.1 10.�

[151] Chronicon Hildesheimense 4, MGH SS VII, p. 851.�

[152] Agii, Vita et Obitus Hathamod�, MGH SS IV, p. 166 et seq.�

[153] Annalista Saxo 870.�

[154] Chronicon Hildesheimense 4, MGH SS VII, p. 851.�

[155] Thangmari, Vita Bernwaldi Episcopi Hildesheimensis 12, MGH SS IV, p. 763.�

[156] Annalista Saxo 870.�

[157] D LJ 3, p. 335.�

[158] Thangmari, Vita Bernwaldi Episcopi Hildesheimensis 12, MGH SS IV, p. 763.�

[159] ES I.1 10.�

[160] ES I.1 10.�

[161] ES I.1 10.�

[162] ES I.1 10.�

[163] Annalista Saxo 907.�

[164] D LJ 3, p. 335.�

[165] D LJ 4, p. 337.�

[166] Beyer, H. (ed.) (1860) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien (Coblenz), Vol. I, (�Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I�), 257, p. 314, consulted at <http:/www.rlb.de/mrHist/> (12 Dec 2007).�

[167] D Arn 149, p. 226, marked "verunechtet" in the compilation.�

[168] Widukind 1.16, pp. 26-27, quoted in Thietmar, p. 71, footnote 20.� Reuter (1991), p. 135, suggests that this "should be taken as panegyric rather than history".�

[169] D K I 13, p. 13.�

[170] Thietmar 1.7, p. 71.�

[171] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), Merseburg.�

[172] Annalista Saxo 902 and 907.�

[173] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[174] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), Merseburg.�

[175] Estimated birth date range based on the likely birth date range of her daughter.�

[176] Ekkehardi IV Casus S. Galli, MGH SS II, p. 119.�

[177] Casuum Sancti Galli, Continuatio I, Ekkehardo IV 10, MGH SS II, p. 124.�

[178] Annalista Saxo 907.�

[179] Annalista Saxo 907.�

[180] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� II.4, MGH SS III, p. 439.�

[181] Hlawitschka, E. (1987) Untersuchungen zu den Thronwechseln der ersten H�lfte des 11. Jahrhunderts und zur Adelsgeschichte S�ddeutschlands.� Zugleich kl�rende Forschungen um "Kuno von �hningen", Vortr�ge und Forschungen, Sonderband 35 (Sigmaringen) pp. 20-43, cited in Jackman (1997), p. 153.�

[182] Thietmar 1.3, p. 68.�

[183] Annalista Saxo 902 and 907.�

[184] Jackman, D. C. (1997) Criticism and Critique, sidelights on the Konradiner (Oxford Unit for Prosopographical Research), p. 88.�

[185] Reginonis Chronicon 897, MGH SS I, p. 607.�

[186] Reginonis Chronicon 900, MGH SS I, p. 609.�

[187] D O I 159, p. 240�

[188] ES I.1 10.�

[189] ES I.1 10.�

[190] Widukind I.38, MGH SS III, p. 434.�

[191] Dzięcioł, Witold (1963) The Origins of Poland (Veritas, London), pp. 129-30.�

[192] Jordan, K., trans. Falla, P. S. (1986) Henry the Lion: a Biography (Clarendon Press, Oxford), p. 12.�

[193] Jordan (1986), p. 107.�

[194] Jordan (1986), p. 13.�

[195] Jordan (1986), p. 13.�

[196] DD Kar. 1 213, p. 284.�

[197] Falke [the full reference is not given], p. 42, quoted in Regesta Histori� Brandenburgensis, p. 19.� .�

[198] Falke [the full reference is not given], p. 56, quoted in Regesta Histori� Brandenburgensis, p. 19.� .�

[199] Carmen de Primordiis C�nobii Gandersheimensis, MGH SS IV, p. 306.�

[200] Riedel Mark 1 [the full reference is not given], p. 25, quoted in Regesta Histori� Brandenburgensis, p. 24.�

[201] Carmen de Primordiis C�nobii Gandersheimensis, MGH SS IV, p. 306.�

[202] Riedel Mark 1 [the full reference is not given], p. 25, quoted in Regesta Histori� Brandenburgensis, p. 24.�

[203] D Arn 107, p. 157.�

[204] D O I 89, p. 171.�

[205] Roques, H. von (ed.) (1900) Urkundenbuch des Klosters Kaufungen in Hessen (Cassel) ("Kaufungen"), Band I, 2, p. 3.�

[206] Kaufungen, Band I, 3, p. 4.�

[207] Kaufungen, Band I, 3, p. 4.�

[208] Kaufungen, Band I, 2, p. 3.�

[209] Lacomblet, T. J. (ed.) (1840) Urkundenbuch f�r die Geschichte des Niederrheins, Band I (D�sseldorf) ("Niederrheins Urkundenbuch"), 65, p. 30.�

[210] Annales Fuldenses Pars Tertia, auctore incerto 880, MGH SS I, p. 393.�

[211] Kaufungen, Band I, 3, p. 4.�

[212] Kaufungen, Band I, 3, p. 4.�

[213] Kaufungen, Band I, 3, p. 4.�

[214] Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses 905 and 935, MGH SS XXIV, p. 824.�

[215] Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses 905 and 935, MGH SS XXIV, p. 824.�

[216] Chronica Principum Saxoni� Amplicata, Genealogia Ducum Saxonie, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 28.�

[217] Annalista Saxo 962.�

[218] Thietmar 2.32, p. 115.�

[219] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� II.4, MGH SS III, p. 439.�

[220] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 472.�

[221] Reuter (1991), p. 152.�

[222] D O I 152, p. 231.�

[223] D O I 165, p. 246.�

[224] D O I 183, p. 266.�

[225] D O I 198, p. 278.���

[226] D O I 198, p. 278.���

[227] D O I 223, p. 307.�

[228] D O I 303, p. 418.�

[229] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[230] Thietmar 2.31, p. 115, footnote 121 commenting that the date is mistaken for 27 Mar.�

[231] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[232] D O I 329, p. 443.�

[233] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[234] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[235] D O III 401, p. 834.�

[236] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 14, MGH SS XI, p. 114.�

[237] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[238] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 14, MGH SS XI, p. 114.�

[239] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum II.44 and II.76, MGH SS VII, pp. 321 and 333.�

[240] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[241] Genealogi� Comitum Flandri�, Witgeri Genealogica Arnulfi Comitis MGH SS IX, p. 304.�

[242] MGH SS IX, p. 302, Introduction to Witgeri Genealogia Arnulfi Comitis.�

[243] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1005, MGH SS XXIII, p. 778.�

[244] D H II 492, p. 626.�

[245] Annales Blandinienses 1008, MGH SS V, p. 25.�

[246] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[247] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[248] Thietmar 4.39, p. 179.�

[249] Thietmar 7.7, p. 312.�

[250] D O I 56, p. 138.�

[251] D O I 306, p. 421.���

[252] D O II 209, p. 237.�

[253] D O I 56, p. 138.�

[254] D O I 306, p. 421.���

[255] Traditiones Corbeienses 271, p. 57.�

[256] Widukind I.III, c. 69, cited in Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 5, MGH SS XI, p. 108, footnote 11.�

[257] Vanderkindere, A. (1902) La formation territoriale des principaut�s belges au moyen-�ge (Brussels), Tome I, p. 75, quoting Van Spaen Introduction � l'histoire de la Gueldre, I, p. 67, no. 20.�

[258] Vanderkindere (1902) Tome I, p. 75, quoting Van Spaen Introduction � l'histoire de la Gueldre, I, p. 67, no. 20.�

[259] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.2, MGH SS IV, p. 702, and I.4, p. 703, the latter recording that the capture of Elten took place after the death of Emperor Otto III (who died in 1002).�

[260] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� II.4, MGH SS III, p. 439.�

[261] D O I 16, p. 103.�

[262] Reuter (1991), p. 152.�

[263] Annales Magdeburgenses 941, MGH SS XVI, p. 144.�

[264] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[265] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[266] Thietmar 2.12, p. 100.�

[267] Piper, P. (ed.) (Berlin) Libri confraternitatum Sancti Galli, Augiensis, Fabariensis (Berlin), p. 84.�

[268] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[269] Thietmar 2.6, p. 96.�

[270] Thietmar 2.12, pp. 99-100.�

[271] Reuter (1991), pp. 155-6 and 160.�

[272] Dzięcioł (1963), p. 128.�

[273] Widukind Rerum Gestarum Saxonicarum MGH SS III, III 69, p. 464.�

[274] Annalista Saxo 967 and 970.�

[275] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[276] Notiti� Fundationis Monasterii Corbeienses, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1044.�

[277] Notiti� Fundationis Monasterii Corbeienses, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1044.�

[278] Notiti� Fundationis Monasterii Corbeienses, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1044.�

[279] Annalista Saxo 962.�

[280] Thietmar 2.31, p. 115, footnote 121 commenting that the date is mistaken for 27 Mar.�

[281] Thietmar 2.12, pp. 99-100.�

[282] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� III.19, cited in Thietmar, p. 96 footnote 36 (continuation from previous page).�

[283] D O I 85, p. 166.�

[284] Thietmar 2.6, p. 95.�

[285] D O I 324, p. 438.���

[286] Thietmar 3.7, p. 132.�

[287] Thietmar 4.1 and 4.3, pp. 149 and 151.�

[288] D O III 81, p. 489.�

[289] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[290] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[291] D O III 390, p. 820.�

[292] Annalista Saxo 1038.�

[293] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 250 footnote 31.�

[294] ES VIII 131a and ES I.1 11 respectively.�

[295] Vajay 'Mathilde', p. 251 footnote 35.�

[296] D K II 124, p. 169.�

[297] Erhard, H. A. (ed.) (1847) Regesta histori� Westfali� (M�nster) ("Westfali� Regesta") Band I, CVII, p. 85.�

[298] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 202, MGH SS XI, p. 153.�

[299] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[300] D K II 124, p. 169.�

[301] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 202, MGH SS XI, p. 153.�

[302] ES I.1 11.�

[303] D H II 260, p. 304.�

[304] D H III 92, p. 118.�

[305] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[306] ES I.1 11.�

[307] D H II 206, p. 241.�

[308] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 701.�

[309] Thietmar 7.8, p. 313.�

[310] Thietmar 7.47, pp. 340-1.�

[311] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[312] Alpertus, De Diversitate Temporum I.1, MGH SS IV, p. 702.� The date 1006 is in the margin of I.8, p. 704, another passage referring to his marriage.�

[313] ES VIII 131a.�

[314] Thietmar 7.48, p. 341.�

[315] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 202, MGH SS XI, p. 153.�

[316] Westfali� Regesta, Band I, CVII, p. 85.�

[317] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 202, MGH SS XI, p. 153.�

[318] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 164, MGH SS XI, p. 144.�

[319] Vita Godefridi comitis Capenbergensis 2, MGH SS XII, p. 516, undated but the same paragraph has "1121" in the margin against a later passage.�

[320] Thietmar 7.3, p. 309.�

[321] Thietmar 7.3, p. 309.�

[322] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1171, MGH SS XXIII, p. 153.�

[323] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[324] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum II.30, MGH SS VII, p. 317.�

[325] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[326] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[327] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 14, MGH SS XI, p. 114.�

[328] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[329] Annalista Saxo 1010.�

[330] D H II 255, p. 293.�

[331] Annalista Saxo 1020.�

[332] D H II 427, p. 542.�

[333] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum III.42, MGH SS VII, p. 351.�

[334] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[335] Annalista Saxo 1059.�

[336] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[337] Annalista Saxo 1059.�

[338] Annalista Saxo 1059.�

[339] Annalista Saxo 1086.�

[340] Genealogica Comitum Flandri� Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.�

[341] Bruch, H. (ed.) (1973) Chronologia Johannes de Beke (The Hague), 45, p. 85, available at < http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten /KroniekVanJohannesDeBekeTot1430/latijn> (31 Aug 2006).�

[342] Gu�rard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin (Paris), II.92, p. 288.�

[343] Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi descendentium Mettensis 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 384.�

[344] Annales Egmundani 1063, MGH SS XVI, p. 447.�

[345] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 321.�������

[346] Beka's Egmondsch Necrologium, in Oppermann, O. (1933) Fontes Egmundenses (Utrecht), p. 107.�

[347] Meestere, G. de (1852) Chronicon Monasterii Evershamensis (Bruges), Catalogus benefactorum pr�cipuorum nostr� ecclesi� de Eversham, p. 68.�

[348] Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi descendentium Mettensis 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 384.�

[349] Wegener, W. (1965/67) Genealogischen Tafeln zur mitteleurop�ischen Geschichte (Verlag Degener), p. 265.�

[350] Fundatio Monasterii Sancti Pauli in Carinthia 8, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1060.�

[351] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[352] Genealogia ex stirpe Sancti Arnulfi descendentium Mettensis 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 384.�

[353] Chronicon Sancti Huberti Andaginensis 17 (24), MHG SS VIII, p. 577.� Although this passage is not dated, the editor has placed "c 1066" in the margin.�

[354] Murray, A. V. (2000) The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: a dynastic history 1099-1125 (Prosopographica & Genealogica), p. 17.�

[355] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1076, MGH SS XXIII, p. 798.�

[356] Barbier, J. (ed.) �Obituaire de l�abbaye de Brogne ou de Saint-G�rard�, Analectes pour servir � l�histoire eccl�siastique de la Belgique, Tome XVIII (2e s�rie, Tome II) (Louvain, 1882) ("Brogne Necrology"), p. 332.�

[357] Vita Meinwerci Episcopi Paderbornensis 100, MGH SS XI, p. 128.�

[358] Thietmar 8.26, p. 379.�

[359] Annalista Saxo 1010.�

[360] Thietmar, p. 379 footnote 54.�

[361] Thietmar 7.3, p. 309.�

[362] D O III 179, p. 589.�

[363] Annalista Saxo 1059.�

[364] Chronica Principum Saxoni� Amplicata, Genealogia Ducum Saxonie, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 28.�

[365] Annales Rosenveldenses 17, MGH SS XVI, p. 100.�

[366] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[367] Adami, Gesta Hammenburgensis Ecclesi� Pontificum II.75, MGH SS VII, p. 333.�

[368] Annalista Saxo 1059.�

[369] Andersson, T. M. and Gade, K. E. (trans.) (2000) Morkinskinna (Cornell) 5, pp. 115-7.�

[370] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[371] Not� Genealogic� Bavaric� II, MGH SS XXIV, p. 77.�

[372] Annalista Saxo 1116.�

[373] Annalista Saxo 1059.�

[374] Morkinskinna, 5, p. 123.�

[375] Annalista Saxo 1071.�

[376] Annales Rosenveldenses 1106, MGH SS XVI, p. 103.�

[377] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[378] The date her first husband died.�

[379] Annalista Saxo 1062 and 1070.�

[380] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 390.�

[381] Annalista Saxo 1095.�

[382] Annalista Saxo 1070.�

[383] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[384] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[385] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[386] Annalista Saxo 1070 and 1106.�

[387] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[388] Annales Stadenses, MGH SS XVI, p. 326.��

[389] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[390] Jordan (1986), p. 15.�

[391] Annalista Saxo 1009 and 1106.�

[392] Not� Genealogic� Bavaric�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 77.�

[393] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[394] Fuhrmann, H., trans. Reuter, T. (1995) Germany in the high middle ages c.1050-1200 (Cambridge University Press), pp. 89-90.�

[395] Haverkamp (1988), p. 137.�

[396] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 120.�

[397] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 121.�

[398] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 121.�

[399] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 124.�

[400] Annalista Saxo 1101.�

[401] Annalista Saxo 1115.�

[402] Annalista Saxo 1127.�

[403] Annales Sancti Disibodi, MGH SS XVII, p. 23.�

[404] Haverkamp (1988), p. 138.�

[405] Annales Mellicenses 1142, MGH SS IX, p. 503.�

[406] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 127.�

[407] Necrologium Mellicense Antiquissimum, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 522.�

[408] Monumenta Necrologica Claustroneoburgensis, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 3.�

[409] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 2, MGH SS XXI, p. 116.�

[410] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[411] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 121.�

[412] Jordan (1986), p. 20.�

[413] Jordan (1986), p. 21.�

[414] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[415] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 16, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[416] Annales Sancti Disibodi, MGH SS XVII, p. 23.�

[417] Haverkamp (1988), p. 138.�

[418] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 127.�

[419] Annales Mellicenses 1142, MGH SS IX, p. 503.�

[420] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 127.�

[421] Necrologium Mellicense Antiquissimum, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 522.�

[422] Monumenta Necrologica Claustroneoburgensis, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 3.�

[423] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 2, MGH SS XXI, p. 116.�

[424] Jordan (1986), p. 22.�

[425] Stumpf, K. F. (ed.) (1863) Urkunden zur Geschichte des Erzbisthums Mainz im zw�lften Jahrhundert (Acta Maguntina Seculi XII) (Innsbruck) (�Mainz Urkunden 12th Century�), 28, p. 31.�

[426] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 140, and Jordan (1986), p. 44.�

[427] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 140.�

[428] Jordan (1986), pp. 131-2.�

[429] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 163.�

[430] Erhard, H. A. (ed.) (1851) Regesta histori� Westfali� (M�nster) ("Westfali� Regesta") Band II, CCCXLVIII, p. 111.�

[431] Runciman (1978) A History of the Crusades (Penguin Books), Vol. 2, p. 393.�

[432] Jordan (1986), p. 183, and Fuhrmann (1995), pp. 168-9.�

[433] Mainz Urkunden 12th Century, 99, p. 102.�

[434] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 10.�

[435] Jordan (1986), pp. 189-92, and Fuhrmann (1995), pp. 176 and 180-1.�

[436] Jordan (1986), pp. 193-5.�

[437] Jordan (1986), p. 197.�

[438] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1195, MGH SS XXIII, p. 166.�

[439] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[440] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 396.�

[441] Jordan (1986), pp. 65 and 95.�

[442] Haverkamp (1988), p. 146.�

[443] Annales Palidenses 18 1160, MGH SS XVI, p. 94.�

[444] Haverkamp (1988), p. 223.�

[445] Histori� Anglican� Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Ymagines Historiarum, col. 561.�

[446] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 396.�

[447] Histori� Anglican� Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 511.�

[448] Histori� Anglican� Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, col. 512.�

[449] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1879) The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury, Vol. I (London) (�Gervase�), p. 205.�

[450] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 159.�

[451] Annales Sancti Blasii Brunsvicenses 1173 and 1188, MGH SS XXIV, p. 824.�

[452] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1195, MGH SS XXIII, p. 166.�

[453] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1168, MGH SS XXIII, p. 851.�

[454] For example in Brandenburg, E. (1935) Die Nachkommen Karls des Grossen, p. 44.�

[455] Scheidt, C. L. (1752) Origines Guelfic� (Hannover), Vol. III, pp. 181.�

[456] Jordan (1986), p. 256.�

[457] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 396.�

[458] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[459] Hodenberg, W. von (ed.) (1858) Calenberger Urkundenbuch, Dritte Abtheilung (Stift Loccum) (Hannover) (�Calenberger Urkundenbuch III (Stift Loccum)�), 2, p. 4.�

[460] Westfali� Regesta, Band II, CCCXLVIII, p. 111.�

[461] Annales Stadenses 1171, MGH SS XVI, p. 347.��

[462] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum II, 10, MGH SS XXI, p. 95.�

[463] Helmoldi Chronica Slavorum II, 14, MGH SS XXI, p. 99.�

[464] Jordan (1986), p. 83.�

[465] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[466] Jordan (1986), p. 64.�

[467] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum I, 1, MGH SS XXI, p. 116.�

[468] Jordan (1986), p. 183.�

[469] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1847) Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis, The Chronicle of the reigns of Henry II and Richard I 1169-1192, known commonly under the name of Benedict of Peterborough (London) (�Benedict of Peterborough�), Vol. 2 1189, p. 72.���

[470] Jordan (1986), p. 185.�

[471] Benedict of Peterborough I 1185, p. 346.���

[472] Benedict of Peterborough 2 1189, p. 70.���

[473] Chartres Notre-Dame, Tome II, 159, p. 21.�

[474] Du Chesne, A. (1631) Preuves de l�Histoire des maisons de Guines, d�Ardres, Gand et Coucy (Paris) (�Du Chesne (1631), Guines, Preuves�), p. 356.�

[475] Du Chesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 359.�

[476] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye des Clairets, p. 281.�������

[477] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1195, MGH SS XXIII, p. 166.�

[478] Jordan (1986), p. 183.�

[479] Jordan (1986), pp. 192-4.�

[480] Jordan (1986), p. 197.�

[481] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1195, MGH SS XXIII, p. 166.�

[482] Not� Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 827.�

[483] Jordan (1986), p. 183.�

[484] Jordan (1986), p. 192.�

[485] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 397.�

[486] Liber Anniversariorum ecclesie maiores Augustensis, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 55.�

[487] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1195, MGH SS XXIII, p. 166.�

[488] Jordan (1986), p. 183.�

[489] CP XII/2 p 895 footnote (b).���

[490] Jordan (1986), p. 196.�

[491] Jordan (1986), p. 197.�

[492] Haverkamp (1988), pp. 239-40.�

[493] CP XII/2, p. 895.

[494] Haverkamp (1988), p. 242.�

[495] Haverkamp (1988), p. 242.�

[496] Haverkamp (1988), p. 243.�

[497] Haverkamp (1988), p. 244.�

[498] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825.�

[499] Annales Veterocellenses 1217, MGH SS XVI, p. 43.�

[500] Annales Marbacenses 1201, MGH SS XVII, p. 170.�

[501] Haverkamp (1988), p. 241.�

[502] Annales Stadenses 1208, MGH SS XVI, p. 354.��

[503] Chronic� Regi� Coloniensis Continuatio Prima 1212, MGH SS XXIV, p. 16.�

[504] Continuatio Admuntensis 1208, MGH SS IX, p. 591.�

[505] Libro Memoriarum Sancti Blasii, MGH SS XXIV, p. 825.�

[506] Gestorum Abbatem Trudonensium Continuatio Tertia II, 7, MGH SS X, p. 392.�

[507] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 62.�

[508] Chronic� Regi� Coloniensis Continuatio Prima 1214, MGH SS XXIV, p. 18.�

[509] Genealogia Ducum Brabanti� Heredum Franci� 7, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.�

[510] Chronologia Johannes de Beke 65b, p. 163.�

[511] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 64.�

[512] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1195, MGH SS XXIII, p. 166.�

[513] Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 397.�

[514] Annales Stadenses 1164, MGH SS XVI, p. 345.��

[515] Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum III, 4, MGH SS XXI, p. 146.�

[516] Jordan (1986), pp. 81-2.�

[517] ES 1.1 18.� ES XII 74 shows her as possible daughter of Duke Heinrich "der Stolze".�

[518] Necrologium Ottenburanum, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 99.�

[519] D O I 395, p. 537.�

[520] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses 957, MGH SS XIII, p. 198.�

[521] Thangmari, Vita Bernwaldi Episcopi Hildesheimensis I, MGH SS IV, p. 758, footnote 1 specifying "ex patrem Theodericum comitem de Sommerschenburg".�

[522] Thangmari, Vita Bernwaldi Episcopi Hildesheimensis I, MGH SS IV, p. 758, footnote 1 specifying "ex patrem Theodericum comitem de Sommerschenburg".�

[523] Thangmari, Vita Bernwaldi Episcopi Hildesheimensis 34, MGH SS IV, p. 773, the date "1001" in the margin.�

[524] D O III 81, p. 489.�

[525] Thietmar 4.20, p. 166.�

[526] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[527] Thietmar 6.16, p. 249.�

[528] D H II 255, p. 293.�

[529] Thietmar 2.2, p. 91.�

[530] Annalista Saxo 1039.�

[531] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[532] Annalista Saxo 1046.�

[533] Annalista Saxo 1056.�

[534] Annalista Saxo 1043.�

[535] Annalista Saxo 1043.�

[536] Chronicon Gozecense I.2, MGH SS X, p. 142, footnote 27 speculating that this was abbot Richard who died in 1039.� The relationship between the two has not been established.�

[537] Annalista Saxo 1056.�

[538] D H IV 139, p. 181.�

[539] ES I.1 147.�

[540] Chronicon Gozecense I.19, MGH SS X, p. 148.�

[541] Annalista Saxo 1056.�

[542] Chronicon Gozecense I.15, MGH SS X, p. 146.�

[543] Chronicon Gozecense I.17, MGH SS X, p. 147.�

[544] Annalista Saxo 1056.�

[545] Annalista Saxo 1125.�

[546] Chronicon Gozecense II.15, MGH SS X, p. 154.�

[547] Annalista Saxo 1056.�

[548] Chronicon Gozecense I.21, MGH SS X, p. 148.�

[549] Genealogica Wettinensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 227.�

[550] Coronatio Romano Henrici V, MGH LL 2, p. 65.�

[551] MGH Const. I, Heinrici V Constitutiones, 83, p. 135.�

[552] Annalista Saxo 1026.�

[553] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXV Kloster Hillersleben, V, p. 414.�

[554] Annales Magdeburgenses 1162, MGH SS XVI, p. 192.�

[555] Annalista Saxo 1124.�

[556] Codex Brandenburgensis, Dritte Abteilung - Die Altmark, Band 22, XXV Kloster Hillersleben, V, p. 414.�

[557] Jordan (1986), p. 100.�

[558] Jordan (1986), p. 102.�

[559] Annales Palidenses 28, 1179, MGH SS XVI, p. 95.�

[560] FRA II 69, p. 335 n 195, cited in Wegener, W. (1965/67) Genealogischen Tafeln zur mitteleurop�ischen Geschichte (Verlag Degener), p. 143.�

[561] Annales Stadenses, MGH SS XVI, p. 326.��

[562] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[563] Haverkamp (1988), pp. 141-2.�

[564] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 127.�

[565] Fuhrmann (1995), pp. 123-4.�

[566] Cod Giessensis Nr. 176, fol. 234, included as Genealogi� Comitum et Marchionum s�c XII et XIII, in MGH SS XXIV, p. 78.�

[567] Cod Giessensis Nr. 176, fol. 234, included as Genealogi� Comitum et Marchionum s�c XII et XIII, in MGH SS XXIV, p. 78.�

[568] Heinemann, O. van (ed.) (1867) Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus (Dessau), Teil I, 362, p. 272.�

[569] Codex Brandenburgensis, Erster Haupttheil - Band 3, VII, p. 84.�

[570] Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, Teil I, 547, p. 404.�

[571] Jordan (1986), p. 155.�

[572] Haverkamp (1988), p. 232.�

[573] Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, Teil I, 605, p. 446.�

[574] Jordan (1986), p. 186.�

[575] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 562.�

[576] Cod Giessensis Nr. 176, fol. 234, included as Genealogi� Comitum et Marchionum s�c XII et XIII, in MGH SS XXIV, p. 78.�

[577] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[578] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[579] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1210, MGH SS XXIII, p. 177.�

[580] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1210, MGH SS XXIII, p. 177.�

[581] Genealogica Wettinensis, MGH SS XXIII, p. 230.�

[582] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1206, MGH SS XXIII, p. 173.�

[583] Chronicon Montis Serreni 1210, MGH SS XXIII, p. 177.�

[584] Bayley, C. C. (1949) The Formation of the German College of Electors in the mid-Thirteenth Century (Toronto), pp. 36-7.�

[585] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[586] Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis II Codex B, 1222, MGH SS IX, p. 623.�

[587] Necrologium Monasterii Campi Liliorum, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 368.�

[588] Monumenta Necrologica Claustroneoburgensis, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 3.�

[589] Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis 1200, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 564.�

[590] Annales Mellicenses 1226, MGH SS IX, p. 507.�

[591] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[592] Necrologium Monasterii S Crucis Recentius, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 112.�

[593] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[594] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[595] Mencke, J. B. (1728) Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, pr�cipue Saxonicarum, Tome II (Leipzig), XVII Monumenta Landgraviorum Thuringi� et Marchionum Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 849.�

[596] Gertz, M. C. (ed.) (1917) Scriptores Minores Histori� Danic� medii �vi (Copenhagen), Vol. I, Chronica Jutensis, p. 443.�

[597] �slenzkir Ann�lar sive Annales Islandici (Copenhagen, 1847) ("Annales Islandici"), 1239, p. 113.�

[598] Cuba, Societatis Regi� Scientiarum Danic� (1847) Regesta Diplomatica Histori� Danic�, Tome I (Copenhagen) (�Regesta Diplomatica Danica�), 791, p. 105.�

[599] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476. �

[600] Annales Stadenses 1239, MGH SS XVI, p. 365.��

[601] Annales Ryenses 1239, MGH SS XVI, p. 407.�

[602] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[603] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 479.�

[604] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[605] Annales Stadenses 1239, MGH SS XVI, p. 365.��

[606] Schleswig-Holstein Regesten und Urkunden, Band III, 115, p. 61.�

[607] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band II, 916, p. 180.�

[608] Schoettgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1760) Diplomataria et Scriptores Histori� Germanic� Medii Aevi (Altenburg), Tome III, XIV, p. 397.�

[609] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band II, 916, p. 180.�

[610] Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum, MGH SS XIX, p. 569.�

[611] Stenzel, G. A. (ed.) (1835) Scriptores Rerum Silesiacarum, Erster Band (Breslau) Chronicon principum Poloni�, (�Chronica principum Poloni�, Silesiacarum Scriptores I�), p. 110.�

[612] Stillfried, R. M. von (1843) Monumenta Zollerana, Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des erlauchten Hauses der Grafen von Zollern und Burggrafen von N�rnberg, Erster Theil (Halle) ("Monumenta Zollerana (1843))", CI, p. 138.�

[613] Monumenta Zollerana (1843), CLI, p. 186.�

[614] Monumenta Zollerana (1843), CLXII, p. 198.�

[615] Stillfried, R. M. von, & M�rcker, T. (eds.) (1856) Monumenta Zollerana, Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte des Hauses Hohenzollern, Band II (Berlin) ("Monumenta Zollerana (1856)"), CCCCLXVIII, p. 296.�

[616] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band II, 916, p. 180.�

[617] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band II, 1025, p. 255.�

[618] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band IV, 2525, p. 80.�

[619] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band II, 1299, p. 467.�

[620] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[621] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[622] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[623] Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch, Band II, 916, p. 180.�

[624] Monumenta Zollerana (1843), CLI, p. 186.�

[625] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XIV, p. 397.�

[626] Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, p. 476.�

[627] Chronicon Colmariense 1273, MGH SS XVII, p. 244.�

[628] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XVIII, p. 399.�

[629] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 849.�

[630] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XIV, p. 397.�

[631] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XVIII, p. 399.�

[632] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XXVI, p. 403.�

[633] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 849.�

[634] Riedel, Dr. A. F. (1862) Novus Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, Vierter Haupttheil, Band 1, (Berlin), Bruchst�cke einer Brandenburgischen Chronik in Pulcawa's B�hmischer Chronik, p. 15.�

[635] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XVII, p. 398.�

[636] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 849.�

[637] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 849.�

[638] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 850.�

[639] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 850.�

[640] Sudendorf, H. (1859) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herz�ge von Braunschweig und L�neburg (Hannover), Teil I, 657, p. 334.�

[641] Leibnitz, G. W. (1711) Scriptorum Brunsvicensia illustrantium, Tome III (Hannover), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 381.�

[642] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 386.�

[643] Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, Teil III, 680, p. 482.�

[644] Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, Teil III, 771, p. 546.�

[645] Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, Teil III, 518, p. 363.�

[646] Codex Diplomaticus Anhaltinus, Teil III, 545, p. 381.�

[647] Leuschner, J. (1980) Germany in the Late Middle Ages (North Holland Publishing Company), p. 159.�

[648] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 850.�

[649] Mencke (1728) Tome II, XVII Monumenta...Thuringi� et...Misni�, Epitaphia ex Athenis Vitemberg Sennerti, col. 850.�

[650] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XIV, p. 397.�

[651] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XXVI, p. 403.�

[652] Schoettgen & Kreysig (1760), Tome III, XXVI, p. 403.�

[653] Posse, O. (1897) Die Wettiner (Leipzig, Berlin), p. 58, citing �Or. Dresden No. 1837� [not seen].�