Erich Raeder | World War I, Admiral, Kriegsmarine | Britannica
History & Society

Erich Raeder

German naval officer
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

External Websites
Britannica Websites
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
Print
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

External Websites
Britannica Websites
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
Erich Raeder, 1928
Erich Raeder
Born:
April 24, 1876, Wandsbek, Ger.
Died:
Nov. 6, 1960, Kiel, W.Ger. (aged 84)
Role In:
World War II

Erich Raeder (born April 24, 1876, Wandsbek, Ger.—died Nov. 6, 1960, Kiel, W.Ger.) commander in chief of the German Navy (1928–43) and proponent of an aggressive naval strategy, who was convicted as a war criminal for his role in World War II.

Raeder served as chief of staff to the commander of the German cruiser fleet in World War I and was promoted to rear admiral in 1922 and to vice admiral three years later. Appointed naval commander in chief in 1928, he advocated the construction of submarines—forbidden by the Versailles Treaty—and fast cruisers to satisfy German naval needs. Made grand admiral during World War II, he was the first to suggest a German invasion of Norway, and he supervised the subsequent planning and execution of the invasion of Denmark and Norway (1940). He also urged—without success—the transference of the major theatre of war to the Mediterranean as an alternative to invasions of Great Britain and the Soviet Union, strategies he considered ill-advised. His many strategic differences with Germany’s Führer, Adolf Hitler, who generally undervalued the role of sea power, ultimately led to his removal from the supreme naval command (January 1943). In 1946 he was sentenced to life imprisonment by the International Military Tribunal at Nürnberg but was released because of ill health in 1955.

Germany invades Poland, September 1, 1939, using 45 German divisions and aerial attack. By September 20, only Warsaw held out, but final surrender came on September 29.
Britannica Quiz
Pop Quiz: 17 Things to Know About World War II