Elizabeth Ilive
Elizabeth Ilive | |
|---|---|
_-_Elizabeth_Iliffe_(1769%E2%80%931822),_Countess_of_Egremont_-_486814_-_National_Trust.jpg) portrait by Thomas Phillips | |
| Born | 1769  |
| Died | 30 December 1822 (aged 52–53) |
| Spouse(s) | George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont |
| Children | George Wyndham, 1st Baron Leconfield, Henry Wyndham, Charles Wyndham, Frances Wyndham, Charlotte Wyndham, Lady Elizabeth Wyndham |
Elizabeth Ilive (or Iliffe; c.1769[1] – 30 December 1822[2]) was an English polymath. She was the mistress and later wife of George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont. She was the mother of eight of his children.
Elizabeth Ilive came from Oxford and her father may have been a printer[3] and/or a master at Westminster School.[4] She became Wyndham's mistress in 1785.[5] They were married in 1801, but only one of their children, a daughter who died in infancy in 1803, was born in wedlock. Soon afterwards, the couple separated.
The children born to the couple prior to their marriage were:
- Colonel George Wyndham, 1st Baron Leconfield (1787–1869);[6] George inherited his father's unentailed estates, including Petworth House in Sussex, Leconfield Castle in Yorkshire and Egremont Castle in Cumbria, in preference to the earl's nephew George Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont, who inherited the title. Colonel Wyndham was created Baron Leconfield in 1859. He married Mary Fanny Blunt, and had children, including Henry Wyndham, 2nd Baron Leconfield.
- Frances Wyndham (1789–1848), who married Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet, and had children.
- General Sir Henry Wyndham (1790–1860), who married Elizabeth Somerset but had no children.
- Edward Wyndham (1792–1792)
- William Wyndham (1793–1794)
- Charlotte Henrietta Wyndham (1795–1870), who married John James King, the son of John King, and had children.[7]
- Colonel Charles Wyndham (1796–1866), who married Elizabeth Anne Hepburne-Scott, daughter of Lord Polwarth, but had no children.[8]
Scientific interests[edit]
In 1798, Elizabeth Ilive submitted to the Royal Society of Arts the design for a "cross-bar lever" that she had invented, for the purpose of lifting stones. This resulted in the award of a silver medal to the future countess.[9] A portrait of Elizabeth, by Thomas Phillips, RA, is held at her former home, Petworth House.[10] It depicts Elizabeth with a diagram of her invention.[3]
Art[edit]
The artist William Blake lived near Petworth for a while, and Elizabeth is thought to have commissioned several works from him. The unnamed woman in Blake's Vision of the Last Judgment is believed to represent her.[11]
Her husband, the earl, was a patron of J. M. W. Turner, and Elizabeth is believed to have assisted Turner with the creation of pigments in her own "laboratory".[12] Evidence for this includes the existence of receipts for artists’ supplies, glass and earthenware retorts, imploding bottles, Magdeburg hemispheres, and yellow powder.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ Haggarty, Sarah (2010). Blake's gifts : poetry and the politics of exchange. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 203. ISBN 9780521117289.
- ^ Burke's Peerage & baronetage. Vol. 1 (106 ed.). Crans, Switzerland : Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books). 1999. p. 958. ISBN 978-2-940085-02-6.
- ^ a b c Esther Chadwick (20 March 2018). "William Blake at heaven's gate". Apollo Magazine. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- ^ "The 3rd earl and his mistress". National Trust. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ "Elizabeth Ilive - a woman ahead of her time". National Trust. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ Charles Mosley (ed.), Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th edition, 1999, entry "Egremont".
- ^ E. Walford (1882). The County Families of the United Kingdom. Рипол Классик. p. 358. ISBN 978-5-87194-361-8.
- ^ Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. Page 1289.
- ^ Phil Hewitt. "Petworth House exhibition celebrates remarkable scientist who was ahead of her time". Chichester Observer. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ "Elizabeth Iliffe, Countess of Egremont". National Trust. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ Maev Kennedy (10 January 2018). "Rare William Blake works to be exhibited in Sussex, where he lived". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
- ^ "New release of Sussex parish records reveals..." The Genealogist. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
Further reading[edit]
- Sheila Haines, Leigh Lawson & Alison McCann, Elizabeth Ilive, Egremont's Countess (Bakehouse Press, 2017) ISBN 978-1-999-74210-2