Christian Ludwig (24 May 1677 � 3 September 1734), a member of the House of Hohenzollern, was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and a military officer of the Prussian Army. The margravial title was given to princes of the Prussian Royal House and did not express a territorial status. He is best known as the recipient of Johann Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg concertos Born in Berlin, Christian Ludwig was the youngest son of the "Great Elector" Frederick William (1620�1688), ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, and his second wife Princess Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg (1636�1689). Margrave Christian Ludwig died without heirs in Malchow. He is buried in the Hohenzollern crypt of Berlin Cathedral.


Christian Louis I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1 December 1623 � 21 June 1692) was a reigning Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.Christian Louis I was born as Christian I, the son of the Duke Adolf Frederick I and his wife, Anna Maria (1601�1634), the daughter of Count Enno III of East Frisia.He married twice. His first wife was Christine Margarethe of Mecklenburg-G�strow (31 March 1615 � 16 August 1666), the second daughter of Duke John Albert II. She was the widow of Duke Francis Albert of Saxe-Lauenburg, whom she had married on 21 February [O.S. 11 February]  1640. Francis Albert had died on 10 June 1642 from wounds he had received in the battle of Świdnica. She married Christian on 6 July 1650 in Hamburg. However, on 16 October 1660, a divorce was pronounced by an ecclesiastical court composed specifically for this case by Christian. She never recognized the divorce. It was, however, declared valid by a committee of ten professors of canon law of the University of Paris the Sorbonne. The divorce was confirmed by the Pope on 3 October 1663.His second wife was Elisabeth Angelique de Montmorency, Duchesse de Coligny, (b. 1626). She was the widow Gaspard IV de Coligny, the son of Gaspard III de Coligny. Her first husband had died at Charenton-le-Pont on 9 February 1649 during the Fronde. The exact date of Elisabeth Angelique's wedding to Christian Louis is not known with certainty, but it was probably on 3 March 1664. She died on 23 or 24 January [O.S. 13 or 14 January] 1695 in Paris.Both marriages were childless. When Christian Louis I died, he was succeeded by his nephew Frederick William, the eldest son of Duke Frederick of Mecklenburg-Grabow.


Christian Ludwig II of Mecklenburg (15 May 1683 � 30 May 1756) was the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1747 to 1756. He was the son of Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow, and Landravine Christine Wilhelmine of Hesse-Homburg. In 1714, he married Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and had five children


Duke Christian Ulrich I of W�rttemberg-Oels (9 April 1652 � 5 April 1704) was a German nobleman. He was the ruling Duke of W�rttemberg-Bernstadt from 1669 to 1697 and then the ruling Duke of Oels-W�rttemberg from 1697 until his death. Christian Ulrich I was the third son of Duke Silvius I Nimrod of W�rttemberg-Oels from his marriage with Duchess Elisabeth Marie, a daughter of Duke Charles Frederick I Poděbrady, Duke of Oels and Anne Sophie of Saxe-Weimar. He completed his first marriage, on 13 March 1672 in Bernburg with Anna Elisabeth of Anhalt-Bernburg, daughter of Prince Christian II of Anhalt-Bernburg and Eleonora Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein Sonderburg. With her he had seven children He completed his second marriage, on 27 October 1683 in Doberlug with Sibylle Maria (born: 28 October 1667; died: 9 October 1693), daughter of Duke Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg and Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg. With her he had seven more children  He concluded his third marriage, on 4 February 1695 in Hamburg with Sophie Wilhelmine of East Frisia (born: 17 October 1659; died: 4 February 1698), daughter of Prince Enno Louis Cirksena of East Frisia and Juliana Sophia Justina of Barby-M�hlingen. With her he had one daughterHe concluded his fourth marriage, on 6 December 1700 in G�strow with Sophia (born: 21 June 1662; died: 1 June 1738), a daughter of Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-G�strow and Magdalene Sibylle of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. This marriage remained childless.


Christian Ulrich (born: 21 February 1674 -2 July 1674), Hereditary Prince of W�rttemberg-Oels. Son of Duke Christian Ulrich I of W�rttemberg-Oels and his 1st wife Anna Elisabeth of Anhalt-Bernburg


Christian Erdmann (born July 24, 1686- 8 July 1689), Hereditary Prince of W�rttemberg-Oels.Son of Duke Christian Ulrich I of W�rttemberg-Oels and his 2nd  wife Sibylle Maria of Saxe-Merseburg.


Duke Christian Ulrich II of W�rttemberg-Wilhelminenort (27 January 1691 � 7 February 1734) was Duke of W�rttemberg-Wilhelminenort. Christian Ulrich II was the youngest son of the Duke Christian Ulrich I of W�rttemberg-Oels (1652-1704) from his second marriage to Princess Sibylle Marie (1667-1693), the daughter of Duke Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg.Christian Ulrich II married on 13 July 1711 Philippine Charlotte (18 February 1691 -17 June 1758), a daughter of Count Erdmann of Redern-Krappitz, with whom he had six children


Karl Christian Erdmann of W�rttemberg-Oels (26 October 1716 � 14 December 1792) was ruling duke of W�rttemberg-Oels and Bernstadt.He was the only son of Christian Ulrich II, Duke of W�rttemberg-Wilhelminenort and his wife, Countess Philippine Charlotte of Redern-Krappitz He married, in 1741, Countess Marie Sophie of Solms-Laubach (1721�1793). They had two children


Christian Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (18 August 1683 �  4 September 1745), was a duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.He was the oldest surviving son of Johann Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and his first wife, Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg.In Naitschau on 18 August 1724, Christian Ernst married unequally with Christiane Fredericka of Koss; for this, his younger half-brother Franz Josias reclaimed the full succession of the duchy. His father, the duke Johann Ernst, determined the common government of the brothers with indivisibility of the duchy upon his death, in 1729. Christian Ernst make his residence in Saalfeld and Franz Josias moved into the Veste Coburg.The double government make soon impossible and this force the settlement of the "Coburg Eisenberg Roemhilder of Hereditary Controversy", whereby Christian Ernst received Coburg, Rodach, M�nchr�den and half Neuhaus. Christian Ernst died childless and all his inheritance was taken by his half-brother, Franz Josias.


Christian Franz (25 January 1730 � 18 September 1797), son of  Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld


Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (23 February 1682� 28 June 1736), was a duke of Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt and member of the House of Wettin.He was the sixth (but second surviving) son of Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, and Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg.In Stolberg on 12 May 1712, Christian married Louise Christine of Stolberg-Stolberg-Ortenberg, Dowager Countess of Mansfeld-Eisleben.For this occasion, the Elector Frederick August I of Saxony, had the Weissenfelser Hunt Cup (der Wei�enfelser Jagdpokal) made as a gift for the couple. It was a costly and complex masterpiece of gold forging executed by the brothers Johann Melchior and George Christoph Dinglinger; it took as its artistic inspiration the duke's preference for the hunt. The cup stayed in the possession of the ducal house of Saxe-Weissenfels until it became extinct; after this, it again came into the possession of the Electorate of Saxony and can be admired today in the Green Vault (de: Gr�nes Gew�lbe).Christian's marriage was childless. Without heirs, he was succeeded on his death by his younger brother, Johann Adolf II.


Christian of Saxe-Eisenberg (6 January 1653 � 28 April 1707) was a duke of Saxe-Eisenberg.He was born in Gotha, the eighth, but fifth surviving, son of Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg and Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg. In Merseburg on 13 February 1677, Christian married firstly with Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg. They had only one daughter


Christian I (3 November 1598 � 6 September 1654) was the Duke of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler from 1600 until 1654.Christian was born in Birkenfeld in 1598 as the youngest son of Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld. His father's lands were partitioned after his death and Christian received the territory around Bischwiller (German: Bischweiler) in Alsace. Christian died in Neuenstein in 1654 and was buried in Bischwiller.Christian married Magdalena Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibr�cken (26 April 1607 � 20 January 1648), daughter of Duke John II, on 14 November 1630 and had 9 children


Christian Louis of Nassau-Ottweiler (1650-1650), son of Countess Palatine Dorothea Catherine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (3 July 1634 � 7 December 1715) and Count John Louis of Nassau-Ottweiler (1625�1690)


Christian II (22 June 1637 � 26 April 1717) was the Duke of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler from 1654, the Duke of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld from 1671, and the Count of Rappoltstein from 1673 until 1699. Christian was born in Bischwiller in 1637 as the eldest surviving son of Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler. After his father's death in 1654 he succeeded him to his territories around Bischweiler. In 1671 he inherited Palatinate-Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld from his cousin Charles II Otto. Through the inheritance of his wife, he was also the Count of Rappolstein from 1673 until he granted that title to his son Christian III. Christian married Countess Catherine Agatha of Rappoltstein (15 June 1648 � 16 July 1683) on 5 September 1667 and had 7 children.




Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld (7 November 1674 � 3 February 1735) was a German nobleman. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld, a cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach. He was the son of Christian II of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld and Katharina Agathe, Countess of Rappoltstein. He was Count Palatine of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld from 1717 to 1731. In 1731, he inherited the sovereign duchy of Palatine Zweibr�cken and thus became Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibr�cken. He was also Count of Rappoltstein from 1699 until his death.Christian was born in Strasbourg in 1674. He was the only son of Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld to survive into adulthood. In 1719, at the castle in Lorentzen, he married Caroline of Nassau-Saarbr�cken (1704�1774) and had four children


Christian of Hessen-Darmstadt (25 November 1763 - 17 April 1830) was landgraf of the house of Hesse-Darmstadt and a Dutch general. He was also a keen Freemason, rising to grandmaster.The youngest son of landgraf Louis IX and his wife Caroline  Palatine of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld


Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibr�cken-Birkenfeld (6 September 1722 � 5 November 1775) was Duke of Zweibr�cken from 1735 to 1775.Christian IV was born in Bischweiler on 6 September 1722, the son of Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibr�cken and Caroline of Nassau-Saarbr�cken.In 1751 he married, morganatically, Maria Johanna Camasse (1734�1807, created Countess Forbach in 1757). They had six children, who were unable to succeed to their father's Duchy due to the morganatic nature of their parents' marriage at first, but in 1792 were allowed to carry the name Freiherr von Zweibr�cken


Christian Graf von Forbach, then Christian Marquis de Deux-Ponts and later Christian Freiherr von Zweibr�cken (20 November 1752 � 25 October 1817) was an officer of the French Army and later a general of the Royal Prussian and then of the Bavarian Army, at last in the rank of General der Infanterie. He may not be confused with his nephew Christian Freiherr von Zweibr�cken (aka Christian Graf von Forbach, 1782�1859), who was a Bavarian General of Cavalry (General der Kavallerie) Christian von Zweibr�cken, was the first of six children of Christian IV Herzog von Pfalz-Zweibr�cken and Maria Johanna Camasse Gr�fin von Forbach. He was born in Zweibr�cken. The children, were unable to succeed to their father's Duchy due to the morganatic nature of their parents' marriage at first, but were allowed to wear the name Freiherr von Zweibr�cken in 1792.


Christian Marianne Wilhelm August Franz Freiherr von Zweibr�cken, before 1792 Graf von Forbach, (30 August 1782 � 25 April 1859) was a Bavarian General der Kavallerie, and later Generalkapit�n of the Leibgarde der Hartschiere. He may not be confused with his uncle Christian Freiherr von Zweibr�cken (aka Christian Graf von Forbach, 1752�1817), who was a Bavarian General der Infanterie. Christian von Zweibr�cken, grandson of Christian IV Herzog von Pfalz-Zweibr�cken, was born as son of the officer Philippe Guillaume (later renamed to Wilhelm) Freiherr von Zweibr�cken (born Graf von Forbach, 1754�1807) and Adelheid (Ad�la�de) Gr�fin von Polastron (1760�1795) in Forbach.[5][better source needed] He had three siblings. When he was born, he had the last name of his grandmother Maria Johanna Camasse Gr�fin von Forbach like his father, uncles and aunts. They were allowed to wear the name Freiherr von Zweibr�cken in 1792 He was married two times. At first he was married to Christiane Freiin von Guttenberg-Steinenhausen (1798�1817) on 24 July 1798, and after her death to Karoline Friederike Walpurga Marie von Rechberg und Rothenl�wen (1798�1878) on 4 August 1818. He had a baby with his first wife, named Karoline Therese, who was born in February 1817 and died in October 1818. Christian von Zweibr�cken died in Munich


Christian August I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (4 August 1696 � 20 January 1754) was a son of Frederick William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, who was himself a son of Ernest G�nther.He served as provost of the cathedral chapter in Hamburg. Later, he became governor of the Danish island Als, then General of the Infantry and Colonel of the royal guards in Denmark. In 1731, Christian August I succeeded his childless uncle Ernest August. He married Frederikke Louise (1699�1744), the daughter of Count Christian Gyldenl�ve of Danneskiold-Sams�e. They had 9 children

Christian Ulrich (1723), Son of Christian August I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Frederikke Louise Gyldenl�ve of Danneskiold-Sams�e

Frederick Christian I (German: Friedrich Christian I., Danish: Frederik Christian 1)(6 April 1721 � 13 November 1794) was Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg from 1754 to 1794.He was the eldest son of Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1696�1754) and his wife Duchess Louise Frederikke n�e Countess af Danneskiold-Sams�e (1699�1744). In 1754, his father died and Frederick Christian inherited Augustenborg Castle and Gr�sten. However, these estates were deeply in debt. He waived his claims on the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein and in return the King of Denmark (who was also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein) granted him a favourable settlement. This allowed him to purchase Als and Sundeved, making him the largest landowner in Schleswig. He was also able to expand Augustenborg Castle, the family residence.Frederick Christian served as a general in the Danish army. He was a Knight of the Order of the Elephant.On 26 May 1762, Frederick Christian married Princess Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine (1744�1770), a daughter of Frederick Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Pl�n. The couple had seven children

Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (5 June 1906 � 20 September 1983) was a German prince, the youngest son of Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and his consort Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-AltenburgUnhappy and disillusioned with the state of Germany after World War I, Friedrich Christian turned to the Nazi Party as a solution for the country's ills. As an ardent Party supporter, he worked vigorously to gain noble and royal support for it, and eventually became an upper privy councillor and adjutant to Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. In 1939, Friedrich Christian was asked to become king of Iceland by Icelanders sympathetic to the Nazi party, but refused due to the opposition of Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.After World War II, the prince devoted his writings to defending the record of the Third Reich, producing such works as Was Hitler Really a Dictator? (a personal account of the German leader) and "Als die goldne Abendsonne..." Aus meinen Tageb�chern der Jahre 1933�1937 (the prince's personal diaries).Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe was the eighth and youngest son of Georg, the reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, and his consort Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg. Three Icelandic Nazi sympathizers visited Friedrich Christian in 1939 and asked him to become king of Iceland when Germany took control of their country, as they hoped would happen in order to win Iceland's independence from Denmark. Friedrich Christian treated this as a realistic prospect and brought it to the attention of Joseph Goebbels. In his 1952 autobiography, Zwischen Krone und Kerker, the prince recalled that Goebbels had reacted favorably to the idea, but Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop did not. In 1947, four German princes (Friedrich Christian, Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia, Prince Philipp of Hesse, and Hereditary Prince Ernst of Lippe) were brought under arrest to the war crimes jail at Nuremberg in order to appear as witnesses in a portion of the 16 trials of high-ranking Nazi criminals Viewed as an "old-line party member" who made propaganda excursions to many foreign countries on Goebbels' behalf, Friedrich Christian was the last of the four to testify Friedrich Christian had an unwavering adherence to Nazi ideology (both the nationalist and racist aspects), something that was unchanged even after the German regime fell in 1945Consequently, like his distant cousin and fellow Nazi party member Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe, Friedrich Christian was outspoken in his defense of the Third Reich. He wrote numerous books and articles on the subject, including Zwischen Krone und Kerker (Wiesbaden, 1952) and Souver�ne Menschen. Kleine Lebensregeln, grossgeschrieben (Druffel, Leonie am Starnberger See 1955, 1962).Both in his works and direct overtures to the press, Friedrich Christian gave detailed accounts of his time in the Nazi party. In 1963 for instance, he claimed that Hitler refused to shave his famous mustache because people would think he was "sick"He said his wife Alexandra commented to Hitler that "his haircut and little mustache were always openings for cartoonists", but that Hitler replied "one shouldn't change a company's trademark, even if one doesn't like it any longer. The public has become so used to it over the years that it would rebel if he suddenly looked completely different."In Seel�sgen, Friedrich Christian married Countess Alexandra Hedwig Johanna Bertha Marie zu Castell-R�denhausen on 25 September 1927. They had 3 children. Alexandra died on 9 September 1961. A year later (on 15 October 1962), Friedrich Christian married a second time to Princess Marie Louise, eldest child of Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg; it was the second marriage for both of them They had no children, and the princess died on 29 December 1969.Friedrich married a third and final time to Helene Mayr on 6 March 1971.

Christina (Swedish: Kristina)( 18 December 1626 � 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden in her own right from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.[a] She succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death at the Battle of L�tzen in 1632, but began ruling the Swedish Empire when she reached the age of eighteen in 1644. Christina was born in the royal castle Tre Kronor on 18 December [O.S. 8 December] 1626. Her parents were the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus and his German wife, Maria Eleonora. They had already had three children: two daughters (a stillborn princess in 1621, then the first Princess Christina, who was born in 1623 and died the following year) and a stilborn son in May 1625 Excited expectations surrounded Maria Eleonora's fourth pregnancy in 1626. When the baby was born, it was first thought to be a boy as it was "hairy" and screamed "with a strong, hoarse voice."She later wrote in her autobiography that, "Deep embarrassment spread among the women when they discovered their mistake." The king, though, was very happy, stating, "She'll be clever, she has made fools of us all!"From most accounts, Gustav Adolf appears to have been closely attached to his daughter, and she appears to have admired him greatly. In 1644, Christina was declared an adult, although the coronation was postponed because of the war with Denmark-Norway. lready at the age of nine Christina was impressed by the Catholic religion and the merits of celibacy.[48] She read a biography on the virgin queen Elizabeth I of England with interest. Christina understood that it was expected of her to provide an heir to the Swedish throne. Her first cousin Charles was infatuated with her, and they became secretly engaged before he left in 1642 to serve in the Swedish army in Germany for three years. Christina revealed in her autobiography that she felt "an insurmountable distaste for marriage" and "for all the things that females talked about and did." She once stated, "It takes more courage to marry than to go to war." As she was chiefly occupied with her studies, she slept three to four hours a night, forgot to comb her hair, donned her clothes in a hurry and wore men's shoes for the sake of convenience. Her unruly hair became her trademark. When Christina left Sweden, she continued to write passionate letters to her intimate friend Ebba Sparre, in which she told her that she would always love her. However, such emotional letters were relatively common at that time, and Christina would use the same style when writing to women she had never met, but whose writings she admired.On 26 February 1649, Christina announced that she had decided not to marry and instead wanted her first cousin Charles Gustav to be heir to the throne. While the nobility objected to this, the three other estates � clergy, burghers, and peasants � accepted it. Christina's coronation took place on 22 October 1650.When Christina decided she wanted her first cousin Charles to be heir to the throne, she agreed to stay on the condition the councils never again asked her to marry. In 1651, Christina lost much of her popularity after the beheading of Arnold Johan Messenius, together with his 17-year-old son, who had accused her of serious misbehavior and of being a "Jezebel"According to them "Christina was bringing everything to ruin, and that she cared for nothing but sport and pleasure." In the summer of 1654, Christina left Sweden in men's clothing with the help of Bernardino de Rebolledo, and rode as Count Dohna, through Denmark. Relations between the two countries were still so tense that a former Swedish queen could not have traveled safely in Denmark. Christina had already packed and shipped abroad valuable books, paintings, statues, and tapestries from her Stockholm castle, leaving its treasures severely depleted. Christina had settled down in the Palazzo Farnese, which belonged to the Duke of Parma.


Maria Christina Henriette Desideria Felicitas Raineria of Austria (Spanish: Mar�a Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena)( 21 July 1858 � 6 February 1929) was the second queen consort of Alfonso XII of Spain. She was queen regent during the vacancy of the throne between her husband's death in November 1885 and the birth of their son Alfonso XIII in May 1886, and subsequently also until the coming of age of the latter in May 1902. Known to her family as Christa, she was born at �idlochovice Castle (Gro� Seelowitz), near Br�nn (now Brno), in Moravia, a daughter of Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria Her paternal grandparents were Archduke Charles of Austria and Princess Henriette Alexandrine of Nassau-Weilburg. After the death of Queen Mar�a de las Mercedes in June 1878, King Alfonso XII was determined to remarried to produce an heir. The Queen had died just a few months after her marriage with no descendants and negotiations started with the court of Vienna. In August, Alfonso XIII traveled to Arcachon, Gironde, with the specific purpose of meeting Archduchess Maria Christina and her mother Archduchess Elisabeth. In this first meeting, the King proposed to her and she accepted.In early September 1878, the Spanish Government approved the engagement and Emperor Franz Joseph asked her niece to officially relinquish her title of Abbess of the Theresian Convent of Prague as it was necessary for the future Queen to abandon all her Austrian appointments. The proposal was gazetted in the Wiener Zeitung on 7 September: "His Majesty the King of Spain, during his visit to Archacon, has requested the hand of the Most Serene Lady Archduchess Maria Christina... with previous consent of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, as Chief of the Imperial Family, the Most Serene Lady Archduchess has accepted the said proposal". The wedding took place on 29 November 1879 at the Basilica of Atocha in Madrid The arranged marriage (the second of Alfonso XII after the death of his first wife Mar�a de las Mercedes of Orl�ans), was concerted on the basis of the conservative profile espoused by the Austro-Hungarian Empire as well as by the prestige attained by the Habsburgs in their previous involvement in the history of Spain, and blocked the possibility of a prospective Austrian endorsement to the Carlist cause.After giving birth to two female children�Mar�a de las Mercedes (born 1880) and Mar�a Teresa (born 1882)�she ensured dynastic continuity, yet, with the threatening landmark for the ruling dynasty set by the previous Carlist Wars, she was still pressured to undergo a new pregnancy and give birth to a male child in order to consolidate the political system, as it was considered at the time. She became pregnant again before the death of her husband in November 1885 (the king suffered from tuberculosis yet he led an active life). An attributed dying wish by Alfonso XII pleading to her is "Ya ver�s c�mo todo se arregla providencialmente. Pero, si muero, guarda el co�o y �ndate siempre de C�novas a Sagasta y de Sagasta a C�novas" ("You will see how everything is going to be providentially fixed, yet if I die, keep your pussy at bay and always go from C�novas to Sagasta and from Sagasta to C�novas"). While possibly apocryphal, it is representative of the Restoration era. Months later, in May 1886, she would give birth to a male child, Alfonso, who reigned as Alfonso XIII upon his birth.


Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia)( 13 May 1742 � 24 June 1798), was the fifth child of Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Married in 1766 to Prince Albert of Saxony, the couple received the Duchy of Teschen, and she was appointed Governor of the Austrian Netherlands jointly with her husband during 1781�1789 and 1791�1792. After two expulsions from the Netherlands (in 1789 and 1792), she lived with her husband in Vienna until her death.The fifth child and fourth (but second surviving) daughter, Maria Christina was born on the 25th birthday of her mother, on 13 May 1742 at Vienna, Austria. The next day she was baptized in the Hofburg with the names Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia; Christina was named after her grandmother Elisabeth Christine, Holy Roman Empress, however, she was always called Marie or Mimi at the Viennese court and by her family. She was Maria Theresa's favourite child, as can be seen in the letters that the Empress wrote to her. Little is known about her early childhood. In a letter dated 22 March 1747 the Prussian ambassador in Vienna, Count Otto Christoph von Podewils, described the then five-year-old Maria Christina as pretty and witty.The 17-year-old Maria Christina had a romance with Duke Louis Eugene of W�rttemberg, but a marriage between them displeased the Empress, who believed that the third son of the Duke of W�rttemberg was not of enough rank for an Archduchess. In early January 1760 Prince Albert and Clemens of Saxony arrived at the Imperial Court and both were warmly received by the Emperor and Empress. Prince Albert met the lovely Archduchess on the occasion of a concert, in which she participated, and soon he developed a great affection for her, as he recalled in his memoirs. At the end of January 1760, Albert and Clemens returned from Vienna.In the following years, Maria Christina developed an intense love affair with Princess Isabella of Parma, who married the future Emperor Joseph II on 6 October 1760. Among other things, the two young women often played together. The beautiful, educated, and very sensitive Isabella, who detested the court ceremonial and her position as wife of the Habsburg heir, wanted a more sensual destiny; however, despite these inner feelings, she appeared to be cheerful and satisfied with her fate. While her husband loved her very deeply, she was cold towards him. In contrast, for Maria Christina, she had a heartfelt affection, expressed in about 200 letters between them, usually written in French. They spent so much time together that they were compared to Orpheus and Eurydice. Isabel and Mimi were united not only by a shared interest in music and art but also by a deep mutual love.In December 1763, Prince Albert of Saxony returned to Vienna to express his condolences to the Imperial family for Isabella of Parma's death. He had become a good friend of the late Isabella after her marriage with the future Joseph II and, as he noted in his diary, also developed a close relationship with Maria Christina. In 1764 the Saxon prince met the Archduchess, firstly in Vienna in the spring and later more often in Pressburg (Bratislava), at that time capital of Hungary. After these visits, Maria Christina fell deeply in love with Albert, who, despite his affection for the Archduchess, did not believe that he could win her hand in marriage because of his relatively weak and politically unstable position for the imperial standards. But then he was invited to Vienna to study a new service regulation for the cavalry, to participate in hunts and amusements of the Imperial court, and received the invitation of Maria Christina to give free rein to his feelings for her but not yet publicly.Maria Christina had a strong influence over her mother, who approved of her relationship with Albert, but the lovers were forced to keep their relationship secret because the Emperor wanted her to marry her first cousin, Prince Benedetto of Savoy, Duke of Chablais (son of Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine, younger sister of Francis I). The Empress advised her impatient daughter to appear calm and cautious with regard to her liaison with Albert, and to rely on her; Maria Theresa promised to arrange the match with Albert In July 1765, the Imperial family travelled to Innsbruck for the wedding of Archduke Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany, with Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain; Albert also participated in the celebrations. Since the Duke of Chablais was also present, Maria Christina and her beloved had to proceed more carefully. One month after Leopold's marriage, the Emperor suddenly died (18 August) from either a stroke or heart attack. The Imperial family was badly affected by this death, including Maria Christina, whose marriage plans were now no longer a hindrance since her mother had long been on her side. In consequence, she was the only daughter of Maria Theresa who didn't marry for political reasons; however, out of respect for the Emperor's death, a period of mourning had to be observed first before her wedding could take place. Maria Christina's luck in being permitted to marry the man she loved embittered Maria Theresa's other daughters, who already resented their mother's favouritism. One of her sisters, the Archduchess Maria Amalia, was also in love with a minor prince, Charles of Zweibr�cken, but was forcibly married off to Ferdinand of Parma. She remained estranged from her mother for the rest of the Dowager Empress' life.Maria Christina gave birth to a daughter named Maria Christina Theresa on 16 May 1767, but the child lived only one day. Maria Christina developed puerperal fever, while in mid-June Albert fell ill with smallpox; however, they were both able to recover. Since Maria Christina was unable to have any more children due to her difficult childbirth, in 1790 she persuaded her brother Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany, to let her and her husband adopt one of his youngest sons, Archduke Charles, in order to have an heir.


Princess Maria Christina Theresa of Saxony (16 May 1767-17 May 1767), daughter of Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen and Prince Albert Casimir of Saxony


Maria Christina of Austria (10 November 1574 � 6 April 1621), was a Princess of Transylvania by marriage to Sigismund B�thory, and for a period in 1598 elected sovereign Princess regnant of Transylvania. She was the daughter of Archduke Charles II of Austria, the son of Emperor Ferdinand I, and Maria Anna of Bavaria. Her elder brother Archduke Ferdinand, succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. On 7 February 1595 was received in Graz the formal petition of marriage between Maria Christina and Sigismund B�thory, ruling Prince of Transylvania, by the nobleman Stephen Bocskay. The marriage contract was negotiated almost a month, and finally the bride on 15 June accompanied by her mother, the Prince-Bishop George of Lavant and 6000 German horsemen. In Kaschau Maria Christina fell ill with fever, which delayed the re-ride. The formal marriage took place in Weissenburg on 6 August 1595, and soon after Maria Christina moved to Transylvania.However, this union proved to be completely unhappy: Sigismund, after a disastrous wedding night, refused to consummate the marriage and sent his wife to a fortress in Kőv�rgara, where Maria Christina was kept as prisoner. In 18 April 1598, at the request of the local nobility, she was elected to occupy the Transylvanian throne after her husband abdicated. However, her rule was only nominal because Emperor Rudolf II sent representatives to rule. On 20 August 1598, Sigismund B�thory regained the throne and reconciled with his wife, but sent her again to Kőv�r. When Sigismund abdicated for a second time in March 1599, Maria Christina finally left him and return to Austria in April. On 17 August 1599 Pope Clement VIII dissolved her marriage, and in 1607 she joined to her younger sister Eleanor in the Haller Convent (Haller Damenstift) in Hall in Tirol, where she died in 1621, aged forty-six.


Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (Maria Christina Anna Theresa Salomea Eulalia Francisca Xaveria)( 12 February 1735 � 19 November 1782) was a Princess of Saxony and later Abbess of Remiremont. She was the daughter of Augustus III of Poland, Elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus II), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (as Augustus II), and Maria Josepha of Austria, first cousin of Empress Maria Theresa. In 1764, Maria Christina was sent to France to become a Coadjutorice at the Abbey of Remiremont in Remiremont, northern France. Her position was thanks to the personal intervention of Louis XV himself In France, she was known as Marie Christine de Saxe. In 1773, at the death of Anne Charlotte, Maria Christina was named Abbess, a position she would keep until her death.


Maria Christina of Saxony (Maria Christina Albertina Carolina)( 7 December 1770 � 24 November 1851) was a Princess of Saxony. She was the Princess of Carignano and later Princess of Montl�art by marriage. Maria Christina was the only surviving child of Prince Charles of Saxony, Duke of Courland, himself son of King Augustus III of Poland, and his wife, Countess Franciszka Krasińska. Her parents married secretly in Warsaw in 1760. The marriage was considered morganatic in Saxony. Her mother was created a princess (Princess Franziska Krasińska Wettin) in her own right due to her marriage, only after the intervention of Emperor Joseph II In Turin on 24 October 1797, she married Charles Emmanuel of Savoy Prince of Carignano (d.1800). They had two children


Princess Maria Cristina of Savoy (1826�1827) died in infancy. Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria and Charles Albert of Savoy.


Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily (Maria Cristina Amelia Teresa)(17 January 1779 � 11 March 1849) was a Princess of Naples and Sicily and later Queen of Sardinia as wife of King Charles Felix. She was a daughter of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his wife Maria Carolina of Austria, a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. Her twin sister Maria Cristina Amelia, died of smallpox on 26 February 1783.She was married on 6 April 1807 in Palermo with Prince Charles Felix of Savoy, who became king when his elder brother Victor Emmanuel I abdicated in 1821. Until her husband became king, she was styled as the Duchess of Genoa.Charles Felix died in 1831 after a reign of ten years. Maria Cristina lived the rest of her life in Turin, Naples, Agli� and Frascati, and died in Savona, Liguria. She was buried beside her husband in the Hautecombe Abbey, Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille. The couple had no children.


Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Maria Cristina Ferdinanda di Borbone, Principessa delle Due Sicilie, Spanish: Mar�a Cristina de Borb�n, Princesa de las Dos Sicilias)( 27 April 1806 � 22 August 1878) was Queen of Spain from 1829 to 1833 and regent of the Kingdom from 1833 to 1840. By virtue of her marriage to King Ferdinand VII of Spain, she became a central character in Spanish history for nearly 50 years. Born in Palermo, Sicily on 27 April 1806, she was the daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies by his second wife, Maria Isabella of Spain.On 27 May 1829, Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony, the third wife of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, died. Ferdinand VII, old and ill, had not sired a male heir, sparking a succession duel between the Infanta Maria Francisca and the Infante Carlos, and the Infanta Luisa Carlotta and the Infante Francisco de Paula. Ferdinand VII declared his intention to marry and assembled the Council of Castile, who tasked the King with remarriage. Following Luisa Carlotta's suggestion, Ferdinand VII sent for Maria Christina, his niece, who had already given birth to a child and pleased the King's eyes. The two were wed on 12 December 1829 at the Church of the Atocha With her betrothal and then marriage to Ferdinand VII, Maria Christina became embroiled in the conflict between the Spanish Liberals and the Carlists. On 28 December 1833, shortly after the death of Ferdinand VII, Maria Christina secretly married an ex-sergeant from the royal guard, Agust�n Fernando Mu�oz (1808�1873). Maria Christina and Mu�oz had several children together while trying to keep their marriage a secret

Princess Christina of the Netherlands (Maria Christina)( 18 February 1947 � 16 August 2019) was the youngest of four daughters of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Princess Christina, who was known as Princess Marijke in her youth, was born on 18 February 1947, at Soestdijk Palace, Baarn, the Netherlands. Her parents were Crown Princess Juliana, the only child of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. At the time of her birth, she was fifth in the line to the throne after her mother and three older sisters: Princess Beatrix, Princess Irene and Princess Margriet She was baptised on 9 October 1947 and her godparents included Queen Wilhelmina (her maternal grandmother), her eldest sister Princess Beatrix, Sir Winston Churchill (for whom her father stood proxy), her paternal grandmother Armgard von Cramm, Prince Felix of Luxembourg and his niece Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma On 4 September 1948, after a reign of nearly 58 years, Christina's grandmother Queen Wilhelmina (68) abdicated the throne and her mother was inaugurated as Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 6 September 1948. While her mother was pregnant with Christina, she contracted the German Measles or rubella and as a result, Christina was born nearly blind. With medical treatment and custom eye-glasses, her vision improved to a point that she could attend school and live a relatively normal life In 1963, she stopped using her first name Maria, from then on referring to herself merely as Christina. While living in New York as Christina van Oranje, the Princess started a relationship with Cuban exile Jorge Guillermo The couple were married on 28 June 1975, civilly in Baarn and then religiously in an ecumenical ceremony in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht They had three children By her request, the couple divorced on 25 April 1996 In June 2018, it was announced that Princess Christina had been diagnosed with bone cancer. She died on 16 August 2019, aged 72. Her body was taken to Fagel's Garden Pavilion nearby Noordeinde Palace for a private service held on 22 August, and her remains were cremated


Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson, LoK av KMO (Christina Louise Helena)( 3 August 1943) is the youngest of four older sisters of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. She generally uses the name Christina Magnuson. Christina was born at Haga Palace outside Stockholm as the fourth child and youngest daughter of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of V�sterbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She is the granddaughter of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden. She met her future husband, Tord Magnuson, at a lunch in Stockholm in 1961. Her engagement to Magnuson was announced on 1 February 1974. The couple married on 15 June 1974 in the Palace Church of the Royal Palace of Stockholm.The couple have three sons: Carl Gustaf Victor (b. 1975), Tord Oscar Frederik (born 1977) and Victor Edmund Lennart (born 1980).In October 2016, it was announced that Magnuson has been diagnosed with chronic leukemia. It was later made known that she had been cured following stem cell treatment.


Infanta Cristina of Spain (Cristina Federica Victoria Antonia de la Sant�sima Trinidad de Borb�n y de Grecia)(13 June 1965) is the younger daughter of the former King and Queen of Spain Juan Carlos I and Sof�a. As of 2015 she is sixth in the line of succession to the Spanish throne, after her brother King Felipe VI's children, her sister Elena, and Elena's children.Cristina de Borb�n was born on 13 June 1965 at Our Lady of Loreto Hospital, now known as ORPEA Madrid Loreto in Madrid and was baptized into the Church at the Palacio de La Zarzuela by the Archbishop of Madrid. Her godparents were Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and C�diz (her first cousin once removed), and Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain (great-aunt). Cristina married team handball player I�aki Urdangarin at Barcelona Cathedral on 4 October 1997. On this occasion, she was endowed as Duchess of Palma de Mallorca for life They have 4 children. Her husband was investigated from early 2012 on suspicion of fraudulently obtaining millions in public funds in the N�os case. In April 2013, Infanta Cristina was formally named as a suspect in the case by the judge in charge.Spanish judge Jose Castro formalised charges against Infanta Cristina on 25 June 2014  In November 2014 the High Court of Palma de Mallorca upheld tax fraud charges against the princess, paving the way for her to face trial; however, it decided to drop money-laundering charges. Her lawyers maintained that they remained completely convinced of her innocence.On 22 December 2014 the High Court of the Balearic Islands announced that Infanta Cristina, her husband, and 15 others would stand trial on tax fraud charges "as soon as next year" On 12 June 2015, King Felipe VI officially deprived his sister of her dukedom, privately announcing his intention beforehand. Pursuant to their meeting in person on 12 June Infanta Cristina wrote to the king (her brother) requesting the forfeiture of her noble title, immediately following which a royal decree to that effect was issued.Cristina's trial began on 11 January 2016, presided over by three judges in Palma, with a maximum potential sentence of eight years if found guilty On 17 February 2017, she was acquitted of the charges, while her husband received a sentence of imprisonment for a term of six years and three months. On 12 June 2018 the Supreme Court in appeal reduced this sentence to a term of five years and ten months.


Christina Oxenberg (born December 27, 1962) is a Serbian-American writer, humorist, and fashion designer.Christina Oxenberg was born in New York City. She is a daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia (born 1936) and her first husband Howard Oxenberg (1919�2010), a Jewish dress manufacturer and close friend of the Kennedy family. Princess Elizabeth is the only daughter of Prince Paul of Yugoslavia (who served as regent for his cousin's eldest son King Peter II of Yugoslavia) and Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark. She has a full sister, Catherine Oxenberg, and a half-brother on her mother�s side, Neil Balfour (born 1970) Christina Oxenberg's maternal grandmother, Princess Olga, was the daughter of Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia and Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, himself the son of another Romanov grand duchess, Queen Olga Konstantinovna of the Hellenes and her Danish-born husband King George of Greece, brother of Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom and the Empress Maria Fyodorovna. Princess Olga was the sister of Princess Marina, who married Prince George, Duke of Kent (an uncle of Queen Elizabeth II); and Olga/Marina were also paternal first cousins of the Duke of Edinburgh (husband of Queen Elizabeth II) through their respective fathers Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, who were brothers


Baroness Marie-Christine Anna Agnes Hedwig Ida von Reibnitz (15 January 1945) She is the younger daughter of Baron G�nther Hubertus von Reibnitz (1894�1983) by his second wife, Countess Maria Anna Carolina Franziska Walburga Bernadette Szap�ry von Muraszombath, Sz�chysziget und Szap�r (1911�1988), who was the daughter of Count Friedrich Szap�ry von Muraszombath, Sz�chysziget und Szap�r, the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to Saint Petersburg at the outbreak of World War I. Her first husband was the English banker Thomas Troubridge (1939�2015), younger brother of Sir Peter Troubridge, 6th Baronet. They met at a boar hunt in Germany and were married on 14 September 1971 at Chelsea Old Church, London. The couple separated in 1973 and were civilly divorced in 1977. The marriage was ecclesiastically annulled by Pope Paul VI in May 1978. One month after the annulment, on 30 June 1978, at a civil ceremony in Vienna, Austria, she married Prince Michael of Kent, the son of Prince George, Duke of Kent, and Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark. Prince Michael is a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II.Prince and Princess Michael of Kent have two children


Christine of France (10 February 1606 � 27 December 1663) was the sister of Louis XIII and Duchess of Savoy by marriage. Upon the death of her husband Victor Amadeus I in 1637, she acted as regent of Savoy between 1637 and 1648.Born in the Palais du Louvre in Paris, Christine was the third child and second daughter of King Henry IV of France and his second wife Marie de' Medici. Christine married Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy, on 10 February 1619 at the Louvre in Paris.  From 1619 till her husband's accession, she was known as the Princess of Piedmont. He was a son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and the Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain. The couple had 8 children


Christine of Mecklenburg-G�strow (14 August 1663 � 3 August 1749) was a German noblewoman of the House of Mecklenburg and by marriage Countess of Stolberg-Gedern.Born in G�strow, she was the sixth of eleven children born from the marriage of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-G�strow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp. From her ten older and younger siblings, eight survived to adulthood: Marie (by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Magdalene, Sophie (by marriage Duchess of W�rttemberg-Oels), Charles, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-G�strow, Hedwig (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Z�rbig), Louise (by marriage Queen of Denmark and Norway), Elisabeth (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg) and Augusta.In G�strow on 14 May 1683, Christine married Louis Christian, Count of Stolberg-Gedern (1652�1710) as his second wife. Between 1684 and 1705 she had 23 children in 19 pregnancies (including 4 sets of twins). From them, only 11 survive to adulthood


Christiana Louise ( 6 April 1688 - 11 August 1691), daughter of Christine of Mecklenburg-G�strow and Louis Christian, Count of Stolberg-Gedern (1652�1710)


Christine Eleonore of Stolberg-Gedern (12 September 1692, 3 August 1745). was a German noblewoman of The House of Stolberg and by marriage Countess of Isenburg-B�dingen. Christine Eleonore was born on 12 September 1692, the eleventh child of Christine of Mecklenburg-G�strow and Louis Christian, Count of Stolberg-Gedern.Christine married Ernst Casimir of on 8 August 1708, in B�dingen. Together the couple had five children


Countess Christine Wilhelmine of Isenburg and B�dingen, daughter of Count Gustav Friedrich of Isenburg and Princess Dorothea Benedicta von Reventlow


Countess Christine of Erbach-Sch�nberg (5 May 1721 �  26 November 1769), daughter of Countess Ferdinande Henriette of Stolberg-Gedern ( 2 October 1699- 31 January 1750) and  Georg August, Count of Erbach-Sch�nberg  She married in Sch�nberg on 2 October 1742 to Heinrich XII, Count of Reuss-Schleiz (15 May 1716- 25 Jun 1784).


Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen (20 March 1671 � 3 September 1747) was Duchess of Brunswick-L�neburg. She was the maternal grandmother of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa, Emperor Peter II of Russia and also Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenb�ttel. Christine Louise was the third daughter of Albert Ernest I, Prince of �ttingen-�ttingen and Duchess Christine Friederike of W�rttemberg, daughter of Eberhard III, Duke of W�rttemberg and his first wife Anna Katharina, Wild- and Rheingr�fin of Salm-Kyrburg. She married Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-L�neburg at Aurich in 1690. They had four daughters, but only three reached adulthood

Countess Palatine Christina Magdalena of Kleeburg[1] (27 May 1616� 14 August 1662) of the House of Wittelsbach, Margravine of Baden-Durlach. She was the daughter of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Princess Catherine of Sweden (a granddaughter of Gustav I of Sweden, making Christina a link between the house of Vasa and the later houses of Holstein-Gottorp and Bernadotte). Christina Magdalena was a sister of Charles X of Sweden, and grew up in Sweden. Christina Magdalena was born in Nyk�ping, Sweden, as her parents did not move to Germany until 1618, three years after their wedding Negotiations for her marriage began in 1637, and included "a young and rich Marquess of Huntly" in 1641. The same year, Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach visited Sweden. After having befriended her brother, he was accepted as her suitor. The wedding, held in Stockholm, was postponed until 30 November 1642 after a fire broke out at the ball before their designated wedding date on 26 November. They had 8 children


Christine of Baden-Durlach (22 April 1645 � 21 December 1705) was a German noblewoman.She was a daughter of Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach and his wife Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibr�cken. Her first marriage was to Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. He died in 1667, and in 1681 she married for the second time to Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, widowed earlier that year. She had no children by either marriage.


Christina Sophia (17 December 1674 � 22 January 1676), daughter of Friedrich VII Magnus of Z�hringen, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (23 September 1647 � 25 June 1709) and  Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp


Countess Christina Theresa von L�wenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (12 October 1665 � 14 April 1730), wife of Prince Philipp Erasmus of Liechtenstein (11 September 1664 � 13 January 1704) and mother of among others Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein


Countess Christina Elisabeth Knuth (6 May 1977), married in 2005 to Jacob Conrad Kamman (b. 1979). She is the daughter of Marie-Lovise Frances Elisabeth Vind ( 7 February 1952) and Christian Count Knuth (23 November 1942). In maternal line a granddaughter of Countess Alexandra Dagmar Frances Marie Margrethe of Rosenborg (5 February 1927 �  5 October 1992), the oldest child and daughter of Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg (n�e Prince of Denmark) (8 November 1890 � 10 September 1950) and Canadian Lois Frances Booth (2 August 1897 � 26 February 1941)


Christina Stewart Douglas, Countess of Buchan (c. 1548 � 20 September 1580), also known as Christian, was a Scottish noblewoman, the suo jure Countess of Buchan. She succeeded her grandfather John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Buchan in 1551. In that year she was, the heir to her father, enfeoffed in the lands, jurisdictions, and offices enumerated in her grandfather's charter of 1547. She was only three years of age at her mother's death, and was placed under the guardianship of Margaret Erskine, wife of Robert Douglas of Lochleven.In January 1549�50, though Christina was only a young child, a contract of marriage was arranged between her and James Stewart, afterwards Earl of Moray and Regent, which would give him possession of her lands. He was the son of Margaret Erskine by King James V. Notwithstanding this contract he married another lady, Agnes Keith. Christina was married instead to Moray's half-brother, Robert Douglas, second son of Margaret Erskine and Robert Douglas of Lochleven. In his wife's right, Robert Douglas became Earl of Buchan and Sheriff of Banff When Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle in July 1567, Robert Douglas, Earl of Buchan, was one of the few people allowed to visit her They had one son and three daughters


Christian, daughter of Christina Stewart Douglas, Countess of Buchan and  Robert Douglas She married to Richard Douglas, brother of William Douglas of Whittinghame.


countess Christina Piper (1673�1752)

countess Christina Hilda Wachtmeister af Johannishus (died 1871)

 countess Christina Oxenstierna af Croneborg

Countess Maria Christina von Wrangel (1638-1691), daughter of Count Hermann von Wrangel and his wife Amalia Magdalena, Countess of Nassau-Siegen (1613-1669). Wife of  Count Kurt Christoph von K�nigsmarck (1634-1673) They had 4 children


Baroness Christina-Louise Silfverschi�ld (1966), daughter of Princess D�sir�e of Sweden (2 June 1938) and Baron Nils-August Otto Carl Niclas Silfverschi�ld, (31 May 1934 � 11 April 2017)

Victor is both a given name and a surname. It is Latin in origin meaning winner or conqueror.

Victor Amadeus I (Italian: Vittorio Amedeo I di Savoia)( 8 May 1587 � 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also known as the Lion of Susa He was born in Turin, Piedmont to Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Catherine Micaela of Spain, daughter of King Philip II of Spain. In 1619, he married Christine Marie of France (1606�1663), a daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. Following his death, she served as regent of the Duchy from 1637 to 1663.  They had 8 children. On 25 September 1637, Victor Amadeus fell ill after a dinner offered by the Duke of Cr�qui. He was carried to Vercelli, where he died on 7 October, aged 50


Victor Amadeus II (Vittorio Amedeo Francesco)( 14 May 1666 � 31 October 1732) was Duke of Savoy from 1675 to 1730. He also held the titles of Prince of Piedmont, Duke of Montferrat, Marquis of Saluzzo and Count of Aosta, Moriana and Nice. Victor Amadeus was born in Turin to Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy and his second wife Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Nemours. Named after his paternal grandfather Victor Amadeus I he was their only child As an infant he was styled as the Prince of Piedmont, traditional title of the heir apparent to the duchy of Savoy. A weak child, his health was greatly monitored. As an infant he had a passion for soldiers and was noted as being very intelligent Louis XIV organised his marriage in order to maintain French influence in the Duchy, but Victor Amadeus soon broke away from the influence of France. At his father's death in 1675, his mother, Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Nemours, was regent in the name of her nine-year-old son and would remain in de facto power until 1684 when Victor Amadeus banished her further involvement in the state His distant relationship with his mother was always strained and has been blamed on her ambition to keep power to herself.[31] Marie Jeanne spent most of her time relegated to state business which she enjoyed and had little time for her only child whom she kept under close supervision in order to make sure he would not try to assume power. Anne Marie gave her husband six children but also had two stillbirths of each gender, one in 1691 and again in 1697. Three of these children would go on to have further progeny, including the eldest Maria Adelaide, who was the mother of Louis XV of France. His second daughter Maria Luisa, known in the family as Louison, would marry Philip V of Spain in 1701 and was also regent of Spain for various periods. These two marriages were tactics used by Louis XIV to keep Victor Amadeus close to France prior to the War of the Spanish Succession.Anne Marie would remain a devoted wife. She quietly accepted his extramarital affairs; the longest one being with the famed beauty Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes by whom he had two children. Jeanne Baptiste was his mistress for eleven years and eventually fled Savoy due to Victor Amadeus' obsession with her. Victor Amadeus subsequently had his daughter with Jeanne Baptiste, Maria Vittoria, marry the Prince of Carignano from which the present Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples is a direct descendant. His favourite child was Victor Amadeus born in 1699 and given the title Prince of Piedmont as heir apparent. The Prince of Piedmont later died in 1715 from smallpox. Anne Marie died in 1728 after a series of heart attacks.His relationship with his younger son and eventual successor Charles Emmanuel was a cold one and the two were never close. Victor Amadeus organised the first two marriages of Charles Emmanuel, the first one being to Anne Christine of Sulzbach, daughter of the Count Palatine of Sulzbach, which produced a son who died in infancy The second marriage was to Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, a first cousin of Anne Christine and mother of six children, including the future Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia. He had 6 legitimate issue and several illegitimate issue


Vittorio Francesco of Savoy (Vittorio Francesco Filippo)( 10 December 1694 � 20 March 1762) was the illegitimate son of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes. He was styled as the Marquis of Susa.His mother, Madame de Verrue, was the French wife of prominent Piedmontese diplomat working for the Duke of Savoy. At the Savoyard capital of Turin, the Duke of Savoy became infatuated with the young countess and in 1689, Jeanne Baptiste gave into the duke's overture, encouraged by the Duchess of Savoy Anne Marie d'Orl�ans and her uncle, the French king Louis XIV.When Victor Amadeus II became so obsessed with Jeanne Baptiste that he had her shut up from view of the court for some time, Jeanne Baptiste fled Savoy and sought refuge in France, ruled by Louis XIV. When Vittorio's mother fled Savoy in 1700, he and his sister Maria Vittoria Francesca of Savoy were left in Savoy and were cared for by a loving father.Victor Amadeus II had them both legitimised and created them Marquis and Marchesa of Susa.He married in 1760 with Maria Lucrezia Franchi (died 1777), daughter of Gaspare Orazio Franchi, Count of Ponte Chianale. They had no children.


Victor Amadeus of Savoy (Vittorio Amedeo Filippo Giuseppe;)( 6 May 1699 � 22 March 1715) was the eldest son of Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy and his French wife Anne Marie d'Orl�ans. He was the heir apparent of Savoy from his birth and as such was styled as the Prince of Piedmont. He acted as Regent of Savoy from September 1713 till September 1714 in the absences of his father. He died of smallpox at the age of 15.


Vittorio Amedeo Theodore of Savoy (Prince Vittorio Amedeo Theodore)(7 March 1723 � 11 August 1725) was a prince of Savoy and Duke of Aosta. He was born in the reign of his grandfather Victor Amadeus II, King of Sardinia. Prince Vittorio Amedeo was born at the Royal Palace of Turin, he was a son of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia and his first wife Anne Christine of Sulzbach. He was styled as the Duke of Aosta from birth till his death He was the first-born son of his parents and was second in line to the throne (after his father) from his birth, which was greeted with much celebration. He died on 11 August 1725, at the age of 2.His father had another son with his second wife also named Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, in his honour.


Victor Amadeus III (Vittorio Amadeo Maria)( 26 June 1726 � 16 October 1796) was King of Sardinia from 1773 to his death. Although he was politically conservative, he carried out numerous administrative reforms until he declared war on Revolutionary France in 1792. He was the father of the last three mainline Kings of Sardinia.Born at the Royal Palace of Turin, he was a son of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia and his second wife Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg. He was styled the Duke of Savoy from birth until he succeeded to his father's throne He was the eldest son of his parents and was the heir apparent from birth which was greeted with much celebration. His father had had a son with his first wife, Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach who was also named Victor Amadeus, Duke of Aosta, but died in 1725.He married Infanta Maria Antonia of Spain (1729�1785), youngest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. They were married on 31 May 1750 at Oulx and later had twelve children. He had a loving relationship with his wife who exerted little influence over her husband The marriage had been arranged by Maria Antonietta's half brother, the ruling Ferdinand VI of Spain. The Spanish Infanta had been previously rejected by Louis, Dauphin of France. The union was used to strengthen relations between Madrid and Turin having fought on opposing sides in the War of the Austrian Succession.


Victor Emmanuel I (Vittorio Emanuele)( 24 July 1759 � 10 January 1824) was the Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia (1802�1821). Victor Emmanuel was the second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain, daughter of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. Victor Emmanuel was known from birth as the Duke of Aosta.On 21 April 1789, he married Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Modena (who was the son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor).They had six daughters and one son who died very young


Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia)(14 March 1820 � 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia from 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Borrowing from the old Latin title Pater Patriae of the Roman emperors, the Italians gave him the epithet of Father of the Fatherland (Italian: Padre della Patria). Born in Turin as the eldest son of Charles Albert, Prince of Carignano, and Maria Theresa of Austria In 1842 he married his first cousin once removed Adelaide of Austria (1822�1855). With her, he had eight children


Victor, Prince Napol�on, titular 3rd Prince of Montfort (Napol�on Victor J�r�me Fr�d�ric Bonaparte)(18 July 1862 � 3 May 1926), was the Bonapartist pretender to the French throne from 1879 until his death in 1926. He was known as Napol�on V by those who supported his claim. He was born in the Palais Royal of Paris during the Second French Empire the son of Napoleon's nephew Prince Napoleon and his wife, Princess Marie Clothilde of Savoy, daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. On 10 November/14 November 1910, at Moncalieri, Prince Victor was married to Princess Cl�mentine of Belgium (1872�1955), daughter of Leopold II of Belgium and Marie Henriette of Austria. They had two children


Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia)( 11 November 1869 � 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. He also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936�1941) and King of the Albanians (1939�1943). During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two world wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of Italian Fascism and its regime. Victor Emmanuel III was born in Naples in the Kingdom of Italy to King Umberto I of Italy and Margherita of Savoy, the Queen consort. He was named after his grandfather, Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia and later King of Italy. Unlike his paternal first cousin's son, the 1.98 m (6-foot 6") tall Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta, Victor Emmanuel was short of stature even by 19th-century standards, to the point that today he would appear diminutive. He was just 1.53 m tall (just over 5 feet) From birth until his accession, Victor Emmanuel was known as The Prince of Naples. On 24 October 1896, Prince Victor Emmanuel married Princess Elena of Montenegro. They had 5 children


Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Naples (Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia;)(12 February 1937) is the only son of Umberto II, the last King of Italy, and his wife Marie-Jos� of Belgium. Vittorio Emanuele also uses the title Duke of Savoy and claims the headship of the House of Savoy. These claims were disputed by supporters of his third cousin, Prince Aimone, 6th Duke of Aosta. Vittorio Emanuele was born 12 February 1937 in Naples to Umberto, Prince of Piedmont, who would later become the last King of Italy as Umberto II, and Princess Marie-Jos� of Belgium After an 11-year relationship, Vittorio Emanuele married Swiss biscuit heiress and world-ranked water skier Marina Doria in Tehran, Iran on 7 October 1971, at the occasion of the 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire. Coincidentally, Vittorio Emanuele and his wife Marina share a birthday (12 February) but Vittorio Emanuele is two years younger than Marina (she was born in 1935). Vittorio Emanuele has one son, Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice, born on 22 June 1972.


Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy-Aosta, Infante of Spain, Count of Turin (24 November 1870 � 10 October 1946) was a grandchild of King Victor Emmanuel II and a member of the House of Savoy. He was a cousin of Victor Emmanuel III. Vittorio Emanuele was born in Turin just before his father Prince Amadeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta was about to leave for Spain where he had been elected king. His mother was Maria Vittoria del Pozzo della Cisterna. With his father's accession to the Spanish throne he gained the additional title Infante of Spain In 1897 Vittorio Emanuele challenged Prince Henri of Orl�ans to a duel, after Henri described, in several articles in the newspaper Le Figaro, the Italian soldiers being held captive in Ethiopia during the First Italo�Ethiopian War as cowards. The dispute was widely echoed in Italy and Europe. It was agreed on the use of the sword as weapon of choice, as the Italians thought duels with pistols, favored by the French, were worthy of betrayed husbands, not of princes of royal blood. The duel with swords, directed by the Count Leontieff and the Count Avogadro, lasting 26 minutes, took place at 5:00 am on 15 August 1897 in the Bois de Marechaux at Vaucresson, France. Vittorio Emanuele defeated Henri after five reprises. Henri received a serious wound to his right abdomen, and the doctors of both parties considered the injury serious enough to put him in a state of obvious inferiority, causing the end of the duel and making Vittorio Emanuele famous in Europe.In April 1898 Vittorio Emanuele set out on a tour of world.Vittorio Emanuele died in Brussels four months after the proclamation of the Italian Republic. He was the last surviving son of Amedeo I.



Vittorio Emanuele (6 July 1852 � 6 July 1852). Son of Victor Emmanuel II and Adelaide of Austria


Vittorio Emanuele (18 January 1855 � 17 May 1855), Count of Geneva. Son of Victor Emmanuel II and Adelaide of Austria



Vittorio di Rho (1861 � Turin, 10 October 1913). He became a notable photographer. Illegitimate son of Victor Emmanuel II and Virginia Rho


Victor Amadeus of Savoy, 3rd Prince of Carignano (1 March 1690 � 4 April 1741) was an Italian nobleman who was Prince of Carignano from 1709 to 1741. He was the son of Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, Prince of Carignano and his wife, the Maria Angela Caterina d'Este Born in Turin, he was the third child of four and the eldest son.Made a Knight of the Annunciation in 1696, he married, at Moncalieri on 7 November 1714, Marie Victoire Fran�oise of Savoy (1690�1766), legitimised daughter of Victor Amadeus II of Piedmont-Sardinia, King of Piedmont-Sardinia and of Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes, Countess of Verrue.They had 5 children.


Louis Victor of Savoy, 4th Prince of Carignano (25 September 1721 � 16 December 1778) headed a cadet branch of the Italian dynasty which reigned over the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, being known as the Prince of Carignano from 1741 till his death. Upon extinction of the senior line of the family, his great-grandson succeeded to the royal throne as King Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia, while his great-great-grandson, Victor Emmanuel II, became King of Italy. Louis Victor was born at the H�tel de Soissons, the Parisian home of his ancestor Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons, to Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano and his wife Maria Vittoria di Savoia. His father was a grandson of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano and thus a descendant of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain. He was doubly descended from the latter pair, as his mother was a legitimated daughter of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and his mistress Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes.One of five children, he was the second son of his parents; his older brother Joseph Victor died an infant in 1716. Louis Victor was thus heir to the cadet branch of the House of Savoy-Carignano from birth. On 4 May 1740 Louis Victor married Princess Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg-Rheinfels, a sister of the Sardinian king's deceased wife Queen Polyxena (1706�1736). The couple had nine children.


Victor Amadeus of Savoy, 5th Prince of Carignano (31 October 1743 � 10 September 1780) was a member of the House of Savoy and Prince of Carignano. He was the brother of the murdered princesse de Lamballe and grandfather of King Charles Albert of Sardinia. Born in Turin to Louis Victor, Prince of Carignano and his wife Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg, he was the couple's second child and eldest son. As a male line descendant of the Duke of Savoy, he was a Prince of Savoy by birth. He was named after his cousin King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia On 18 October 1768 at Oulx Victor Amadeus married Princess Jos�phine of Lorraine, daughter of Louis de Lorraine, Prince of Brionne and Princess Louise de Rohan (1734--1815). The couple had one child who succeeded Victor Amadeus as Prince of Carignano in 1780. In 1786 he was moved to the Royal Basilica of Superga outside Turin. The current Prince of Naples is a direct male line descendant.


Louis Victor Meriadec de Rohan, Duke of Rohan and Bouillon (20 July 1766 - 10 December 1846); married in 1800 his niece, Berthe de Rohan (1782 - 1841) and had no issue. Son of Victoire Armande Jos�phe de Rohan, Princess of Gu�m�n� (28 December 1743 � 20 September 1807) and Henri Louis de Rohan, Duke of Montbazon

Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein (Christian Victor Albert Louis Ernst Anton) (14 April 1867 � 29 October 1900) was a member of the British royal family. He was the eldest son of Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria.Prince Christian was born on 14 April 1867, at Windsor Castle. His father was Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, the third son of Christian, Duke of Augustenborg, and Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Sams�e. His mother was Princess Helena, the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert. His parents resided in the United Kingdom, at Cumberland Lodge, and the Prince was considered a member of the British royal family. Under letters patent of 1866, he was styled His Highness Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein In October 1900, while in Pretoria, he came down with malaria, and died of enteric fever, on 29 October, aged 33, after receiving Holy Communion in the presence of Lord Roberts and Prince Francis of Teck. He was interred in the Pretoria cemetery on 1 November 1900. His grave is marked with a granite cross and a cast-iron railing.


Admiral Prince Victor Ferdinand Franz Eugen Gustaf Adolf Constantin Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, GCB (11 December 1833 � 31 December 1891), also known as Count von Gleichen, was an officer in the Royal Navy, and a sculptor. He was born at Langenburg in W�rttemberg, the third son of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1794�1860) and Princess Feodora of Leiningen (1807�1872). His mother was Queen Victoria's half-sister, and his family was therefore closely related to the British Royal Family. He married Laura Williamina Seymour, the younger daughter of Admiral Sir George Francis Seymour (under whom he served on HMS Cumberland in the 1850s) on 24 January 1861 in London  Shortly before his morganatic marriage, his wife was created Countess von Gleichen, after Gleichen which was at one stage owned by a branch of the Hohenlohe family. They had four children


George Victor (14 January 1831 � 12 May 1893) was the 3rd sovereign Prince of the German state of Waldeck and Pyrmont.He was born in Bad Arolsen the son of George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and his wife Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym. He succeeded as prince originally under the guardianship of his mother on 15 May 1845 following the death of his father.He died of pneumonia in Marienbad, Bohemia and was succeeded by his eldest son Friedrich. George Victor was first married on 26 September 1853 in Wiesbaden to Princess Helena of Nassau, daughter of William, Duke of Nassau They had seven children His second marriage took place in Luisenlund on 29 April 1891 to Princess Louise of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg From this marriage he had one son who was killed in action shortly after outbreak of the First World War


Viktor Adolf, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt (18 July 1883 � 4 June 1961) Son of Princess Pauline of Waldeck-Pyrmont and Alexis, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt.


Carol Victor, Hereditary Prince of Albania (Karl Viktor Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst G�nther von Wied)(19 May 1913 � 8 December 1973) was the only son of William, Prince of Albania and briefly heir to the Principality of Albania. He held the title of Hereditary Prince of Albania. He was also styled Sk�nder, in homage to Skanderbeg, the national hero.Carol Victor was born on 19 May 1913 in Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia as Prince Charles Victor of Wied (German: Karl Viktor Prinz zu Wied). He was the second child and only son of Prince William Frederick of Wied (1876�1945), son of William, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of the Netherlands, and his wife, Princess Sophie of Sch�nburg-Waldenburg (1885�1936), daughter of Victor, Hereditary Prince of Sch�nburg-Waldenburg and his wife, Princess Lucia of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg. Through his paternal grandmother he was related with the Dutch Royal Family.On 7 March 1914, appointed by the Great Powers of Europe, his father William was created Prince of Albania. After his father became Prince, he held the title of Hereditary Prince of Albania. On 8 September 1966, whilst living in New York City, Carol Victor married the English-born widow Eileen de Coppet (n�e Johnston), whose first husband had been Captain Andr� de Coppet (1892 - 1953). They had no children; de Coppet was in her forties when the marriage occurred They had no issue


Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (7 September 1693 �15 April 1772), was a German prince of the House of Ascania who belonged to a cadet branch of the princely house of Anhalt-Bernburg.Through his mother, he inherited the County of Holzappel and Lordship of Schaumburg and founded the cadet branch of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym.Victor was born at Schaumburg Castle on 7 September 1693 as the eldest son of Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym by his first wife Princess Charlotte of Nassau-Dillenburg-Schaumburg, heiress of the County of Holzappel and Lordship of Schaumburg as a daughter of Elisabeth Charlotte, Countess of Holzappel in her marriage with Adolph, Prince of Nassau-Schaumburg. In Birstein on 22 November 1714 Victor Amadeus Adolph married firstly with Charlotte Louise (b. B�dingen, 31 July 1680 - d. Schaumburg, 2 January 1739), daughter of Wilhelm Moritz, Count of Isenburg-B�dingen-Birstein and his first wife, Countess Anna Amalie of Isenburg-B�dingen-W�chtersbach. She was fourteen years older than he was; nevertheless, the union produced six children In P�lzig on 14 February 1740 Victor Amadeus Adolph married for a second time to Hedwig Sophie (b. Oderberg, 7 May 1717 - d. Diez, 21 February 1795), daughter of Count Wenzel Louis Henckel of Donnersmarck and Countess Hedwig Charlotte of Solms-Baruth. The Henckel von Donnersmarck family were an old family in Silesia only raised in 1651 to the rank of counts;in consequence, this marriage was on the verge of being considered morganatic. In the end, the union was nonetheless considered equal by the rest of the House of Anhalt. They had six children


Victor II Karl Frederick of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (2 November 1767 �  22 April 1812), was a German prince of the House of Ascania from the Anhalt-Bernburg branch and a ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym.He was the eldest son of Karl Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, by his second wife Amalie Eleonore, daughter of Frederick William, Prince of Solms-Braunfels.In Weilburg on 29 October 1793 Victor Karl Frederick married Princess Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg, then of Nassau (b. Kirchheimbolanden, 7 August 1776 - d. Schaumburg, 19 February 1841), daughter of Charles Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg, and through her mother, Princess Carolina,a great-granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain.They had four daughters


Victor Amadeus of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (21 May 1744 � 2 May 1790), was a German prince of the House of Ascania from the Anhalt-Bernburg branch through the sub-branch of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym and a Russian General under the service of Empress Catherine II the Great.He was the sixth (but fifth surviving) son of Victor I Amadeus Adolph, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, and the third-born by his second wife, Countess Hedwig Sophie Henckel of Donnersmarck. As the youngest of the sons of Prince Victor I, Victor Amadeus had little chances to inherit any of the family lands. He thus chose to follow a military career and entered in the Russian army in 1772. In Schaumburg on 21 April 1778 Victor Amadeus married Magdalena Sophie (b. Braunfels, 4 June 1742 - d. Homburg vor der H�he, 21 January 1819), daughter of Frederick William, Prince of Solms-Braunfels. They had one son


Victor Amadeus (b. Homburg vor der H�he, 19 June 1779 - d. Homburg vor der H�he, 4 March 1783). Son of Victor Amadeus of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym and Magdalena Sophie of Solms-Braunfels



Prince Victor of Thurn and Taxis (German: Viktor Theodor Maximilian Egon Maria Lamoral Prinz von Thurn und Taxis)(18 January 1876 � 28 January 1928) was a member of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis and a Prince of Thurn and Taxis Prince Victor, who was born in 1876, was the youngest child of the late Prince Egon Maximilian of Thurn und Taxis and his wife, Viktoria Edelspacher de Gyoryok  On 1 November 1911, Prince Victor married Mrs. Gerald Fitzgerald, Born Lida Eleanor Nicolls in 1875 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania  she was the daughter of grocer John Albert Nicolls and his wife Lenora Markle Nicolls, nee Thompson Mrs. Fitzgerald's first husband was Gerald Fitzgerald of Ireland. She returned to the United States from England last Friday. She was born Lida Eleonor Nicholls in 1875 in Uniontown. Lida married her first husband, Irish-born General Gerald Purcell Fitzgerald in Los Angeles in late 1899. Prior to the marriage, Lida was reportedly said to possess $1 million in her own right. Following her marriage to Prince Victor, Lida announced that she and her husband would reside in Europe and she would never again return to the United States. Prince Victor of Thurn and Taxis was a son of the late Prince and Princess Egon, and a Hungarian citizen by virtue of his father having become naturalized in Hungary at the time of his marriage.


Victor, Duke of M�nsterberg also: Victor, Duke of M�nsterberg and Opava; Czech: Viktorin z Minsterberka; (29 May 1443 � 30 August 1500) was an Imperial Count from 1459 and Count of Kladsko. From 1462 until his death, he was Duke of M�nsterberg, and from 1465 to 1485 Duke of Opava. Victor was the second son of the Bohemian king George of Poděbrady and his wife Kunigunde of Sternberg. In 1463 he married Margaret Pt�čkov�, the only daughter of Hynek Pt�ček of Pirkstein, who died in 1472. Two years later he married Sophie, daughter of Duke Boleslaw II of Cieszyn. After her death in 1479, he married in 1480 Helena-Margarete Palaiologa, daughter of John IV, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 1496). From these marriages, he had several daughters and two sons


Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire KG, GCMG, GCVO, TD, PC, JP, FRS (31 May 1868 � 6 May 1938), known as Victor Cavendish until 1908, was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada. Cavendish was born in the Marylebone area of London, England, the eldest son of Lord Edward Cavendish, himself the third son of the 7th Duke of Devonshire, and Emma Lascelles, both the daughter of William Lascelles and Lord Edward's cousin. Cavendish's younger brother was Lord Richard Cavendish and his uncles were Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (later the eighth Duke of Devonshire) and Lord Frederick Cavendish.On 30 July 1892, Cavendish married Lady Evelyn Petty-FitzMaurice, the elder daughter of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, Viceroy of India and quondam Governor General of Canada They had 7 children