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Biography:Charles I was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 when he inherited the throne as second son of King James I and VI. His older brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, was due to inherit the throne but died of typhoid fever in 1612.
Charles' reign was characterized by internal discontent concerning political and religious issues of the day, particularly with his marrying a Catholic, and ultimately descended into chaos with the English Civil War. He ultimately lost this war and was eventually executed for high treason.
This event marked the turning point for the English crown, with the monarchy thereafter being abolished and replaced with a republic titled the Commonwealth of England. Charles' son King Charles II briefly restored the monarchy some years later in the Stuart Restoration, but this did not last.
1625-06-13 English king Charles I marries French princess Henrietta Maria at Canterbury cathedral in Canterbury, England
Historical Events
1625-03-27 Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland ascends the English throne
1626-06-15 King Charles I disbands English parliament
1628-03-01 Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England mandating that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date
1628-03-04 England's King Charles I grants a royal charter to Massachusetts Bay Colony
1628-06-07 English King Charles I ratifies the Petition of Rights
1629-03-02 English King Charles I dissolves Parliament against opposition, imprisoning 9 members of parliament
1629-03-10 English King Charles I dissolves Parliament for the 4th time in his reign, summons new Parliament 11 years later, only to be dissolved after 3 months
1629-10-30 King Charles I gives Bahamas to Sir Robert Heath
1634-02-03 Most elaborate masque of the Carolinian age - "The Triumph of Peace" held at Whitehall Palace, London, in front of King Charles I, written by James Shirley with sets by Inigo Jones
1634-10-20 King of England Charles I levies the "Ship Money" tax on all English and Welsh counties
1640-08-28 Second Bishop's War: King Charles I's English army loses to a Scottish Covenanter force at the Battle of Newburn
1640-10-28 English King Charles I signs a peace treaty with the Scottish Covenanters, ending the Second Bishops' War
1641-02-16 English king Charles I accepts Triennial Act requiring that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years
1642-01-04 King Charles I, with 400 soldiers, attacks the English Parliament
1642-01-10 King Charles I and family flee London for Hampton Court fearing for their lives, not to return for 7 years
1642-05-30 All honours granted by Charles I are retrospectively annulled by Parliament
1642-10-23 Battle of Edgehill (Warwickshire): King Charles I beat English parliamentarian forces
1642-11-13 Battle at Turnham Green outside London: King Charles I vs English parliament
1643-09-20 First Battle of Newbury (English civil war): King Charles I's forces beaten by a parliamentary army led by the Earl of Essex and Philip Stapleton
1644-10-27 Second Battle of Newbury: King Charles I's Royalist army and the armies of Parliamentary fight an indecisive battle at Speen in Berkshire
1645-06-14 Battle of Naseby, Leicestershire: "New Model Army" under Oliver Cromwell & Thomas Fairfax beat royalists forces of English King Charles I
1646-04-27 On the verge of defeat, King Charles I flees Oxford for a Scottish army camp close to Southwell near Newark-on-Trent
1646-07-30 English parliament sets King Charles I Newcastle Propositions
1647-01-30 After nine months of negotiations, Scottish Presbyterians sell captured Charles I to English Parliament for around £100,000
1647-06-04 English Parliamentary army under Cornet George Joyce takes King Charles I as a prisoner during Second Civil War
1648-03-20 King Charles I of England first tries to escape captivity at Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight by climbing out a window - but gets stuck
1648-05-29 King Charles I of England attempts to escape captivity at Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight, for second time by hacksawing through a barred window but caught in the act
1649-01-06 The English Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial for treason and other "high crimes"
1660-10-17 Nine Regicides, the men who signed the death warrant of Charles I, are hanged, drawn and quartered, another is hanged.
1669-11-16 French state funeral for Henrietta Maria, princess of France, widow of English King Charles I, at St Denis with famous oration by Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
Alexander the Great
Charles X
Emperor Maximilian I
Harold II
Henry I of England
Henry II