The Cold-Hearted Swot

TheBeanieBaron · Aug 6, 2022

When was the title of Prince of Kiev created?
Are there any male lines from the House of Stuart that survive to the present day?
Do any of the constituent states within Columbia have republican forms of government?
Who was the first HR-GE Elector to be photographed?
Why isn't Vermilia featured on the map? Is it a Columbian constituent state?
How did the Sister Islands (overseas territories of Denmark) get their name?

Peppe · Aug 7, 2022

TheBeanieBaron said:
When was the title of Prince of Kiev created?

It was created in the 1640s to serve as both an official title for the designated heir* and to establish a location for them to serve as sort-of a "king-in-training" before their predecessor's death (with the Principality of Kiev supplanting the Voivodeship).
Technically it could also be considered something of a revival of the title, since before the Kiev Voivodeship was created in 1471 the area was instead the Principality/Duchy of Kiev, which had existed since the 1320s under branches of the Gediminids and had been a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1562.

*While the Commonwealth is still elective, the fact that the Jagellonians', although still going extinct, did so in different terms and with a different lineage resulted on the election being much more of a formality to recognize the monarch's de facto heir, with the term "designated heir" coming to existence because while that is the truth, vivente rege elections are still considered a no-no by the Commonwealth

TheBeanieBaron said:
Are there any male lines from the House of Stuart that survive to the present day?

Are there? *guffawing in mock shock* Very much yes

While I could go with a "gotcha" moment and say various non-royal or pre Union bastard branches exist like they do in OTL* the reality of the situation is that (besides that being a bit jerk-ish) I don't need to, since the majority of the House of Tudor is a branch of the Stuarts whose founder decided for keeping his mother's surname.
Because of that, over time there have been quite a few branches of the family who reinstate the "Stewart/Stuart" (like the lineages of Elizabeth I's younger sons who kept to England) or who have used something like "Stewart Tudor", or quite a few illegitimate branches who were given "Stewart" or some variation of it. Examples of both (keeping to male-line ones) include:

- The Stewart Dukes of Orkney, who although not their branch's most famous lineage (that being the now-female-line Viceroys of Worchester) are the eldest one, descending from the youngest of Duncan III of Scotland's three illegitimate sons
- The Stuart Dukes of Lennox, who descend one the illegitimate sons of Thomas I of England and Ireland (although in their case the surname "comes" from Thomas' mistress, the 1st Duke and suo jure 2nd Countess of Lennox, whose father Lord Darnley's younger brother)
- and The Tudor Ramsay-Stewart Earls of Holderness, who descend from Elizabeth I's second-youngest son, the 1st Duke of Richmond, through his second son, who didn't inherit his father's dukedom (due to its letters patent) but did inherit his father-in-law's earldom instead

* While the FitzJames Stuarts are the most well-known example in my opinion, the fact is that the royal House of Stuart was on itself a branch of the larger Clan Stewart (from James VI onwards the Stewarts of Lennox) and that most of Mary I's ancestors had the tendency of having their illegitimate sons keep the "Stewart" surname: like Sir John Stewart, Sheriff of Bute, who was a son of Robert II of Scotland and established the Clan Stuart of Bute (the family favored the French spelling of the name introduced by Mary I)

There are also some branches of the family that are male-line Stuarts but have a different surname, mainly illegitimate branches like the Wallingtons of Columbia (most remembered for their Massachusetts branch) and the de Vere Dukes of Oxford, both descending from illegitimate sons of Henry IX & I who took their mother's surname,

TheBeanieBaron said:
Do any of the constituent states within Columbia have republican forms of government?

Yes, although they are quite few in number and tend to be on the smaller side, with most not even appearing on the map of the Americas due to being so small as to make representing them there already a misrepresentation.
As of 2030, a total of 25 of Columbia’s constituent state are possessing of some form of republican government; of them, only 2 are on the Atlantic coast, with only 1 in the shore of Lake Eerie, while the remaining 22 are completely landlocked, and are mainly found in what we would call Appalachia.
Of those in the Atlantic coast, one is Santhoek, the only officially republican remnant of the New Netherlands, which is a mix between an oligarchic and direct democracy and a small port town nestled between New Amsterdam and Lenapehoking (in what is in OTL the New Jersey township of Middletown); while the other is Sippican, which was founded as a township of the defunct Plymouth Colony and unlike its neighbours, Massachusetts and the various states of Narragansett Bay, remained a “peasants’ republic” while they developed a mix of both monarchical and republican aspects in their governments.
The state in the shores of the Eerie, Montport, in other hand, was founded by exiles from neighboring Quebec (in specific a group of Puritan Huguenots) who established a small port/fishing town on the lake’s southern coast in the 18th century, who became a state after accepting the fact it had become encircled by the British/Columbians.
In relation to the landlocked states, a large number (but not all*) are descended from “settler nations”**, generally petty states created by people who wished to ‘escape’ British government and most commonly being republics of some kind***; appearing over the 17th and 18th centuries, a large number of those “nations” died just a few years or decades after being founded – mainly due to having been in general created by radicals and/or being led by people with delusions of grandeur, and because of that either splintering due to internal conflicts or being destroyed by fighting enemies they couldn’t hope to overcome (Although the Carterets of Piedmont were also quite active in conquering them as well) –, but nonetheless a few of them or their descendants have remained, although only 3 aren’t the size of townships or hamlets, which are:
- Transohioa, which was founded in the early 1700s as "Trans-Ohio" and was in fact one of the first constituent states of Columbia to be on the Ohio River Basin (being in modern times just south of the middle part of the United Duchies), it was established by radicals who, incapable of overthrowing it, decided to move away from the government, and for a while was a semi-dictatorial democracy strongly against the British, only surviving by a mellowing of ideologies just around the same time the crackdown on settler nations started to get strong
- New Eire, the more “unique” case of the settler nations, when it started the state wasn’t even desiring for independence, being instead pressured by the (now defunct) “Gentleman’s Country” into doing so in the early 1700s, and following said “country’s” death by the Carterets the state was pretty okay with either returning to full colonial authority or becoming a part of Piedmont’s growing territory, but in a great historical irony New Eire’s disinterest for independence was also what made it become a constituent state of British North America and later Columbia. New Eire never changed its half-assed attempt at a “government”, and has remained a collection of towns and villages who’s only overarching authority is a council made by the mayors/appointees of its settlements
- and Dunhythe, ironically the largest and most sparsely populated of the “settler nations”, the state started as two villages (Dunhythe being the largest) who became independent almost on a whim it seems, and only survived by the British and Carteret’s overwhelming lack of interest in crushing it (as the state was, while independent, so incredibly unstable as to make it a negligible threat)

*Most of the others are instead the result of settlements and townships ending-up outside of any demarked fiefdom/state or being granted autonomy/being recognized as constituent states by someone for often weird reasons or on whims
**Based on/inspired by those from @Upvoteanthology's "The Faraway Kingdom"
***But not always, as everyone who has heard about the “Kingdoms” of Canterbury and The Valley will remember to tell you

Outside of those, we also have quite a few states that are “crowned republics”, in the sense that they have some form of hereditary government but that is only or mostly ceremonial, like the Seven Nations or New Amsterdam, both of which are in some form reigned by the Columbian Monarch but de facto are under some sort of republican or pseudo-republican system of government.
A common style of “Crowned Republic” is the “Proprietorial”, where a (generally small) constituent state was either founded by a Lord Proprietor specifically to create a pseudo-republic/commune or de facto became a republic over time, with the state’s “ruler” at most serving as the speaker of the local government's ruling council/legislature in the majority of cases.
A more unique case of a “crowned” or “pseudo” republic is the County of Virginia, which is a town-sized state in the far South of Columbia that decided to come with a form tanistry to serve as the form of inheritance for its rulership; which has made it de facto a republic since those eligible to the position are the county’s entire population (since it was founded by a single Irish family from whom all inhabitants descend)

TheBeanieBaron said:
Who was the first HR-GE Elector to be photographed?

It was Friedrich II of Hanover, who was photographed in 1817 while in the Isles for the wedding of John of Wales and Maria Carlota of Austria (parents of Thomas III of the Isles); a few other Electors also at the wedding were photographed as well, but he had his photo taken a few days earlier than most of them

TheBeanieBaron said:
Why isn't Vermilia featured on the map? Is it a Columbian constituent state?

“Vermilia” is an alternative name for the “Hermit Kingdom” of Vermillion, with and its variants being commonly used to refer to the country when not using the full name

TheBeanieBaron said:
How did the Sister Islands (overseas territories of Denmark) get their name?

The name “Sister Islands” originated mainly as a bit of a nickname for the two components of the Danish West Indies – the Virgins and Malliona (OTL Anguilla) – as “West Indies” fell out of fashion in the 19th century, being inspired by a 17th century tale about the three daughters of a Danish Prince (one of the sons of Christian V) who accompanied their widowed father to the West Indies as children when he was sent to serve as governor and died, the eldest of fever, the middle of birth, and the youngest of old age, there, with each of them doing so and being buried on or near the three largest islands of the Danish West Indies (with their position in line of birth following the position of said respective island in the timeline of Danish colonization)

Peppe · Sep 2, 2022

The Descent of the House of Tudor
From the Children of Henry VIII to the Generation of Henry XI

--------------------------------------------------

EDWARD VI, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1537.d.1569), son by Jane Seymour, Queen consort (The Third)
married on 18th December 1554, Lady Jane Grey, suo jure 2nd Duchess of Suffolk (b.1536.d.1604), his first cousin once-removed

----------------------------------------------

1) Elizabeth I, King of England and Ireland, Queen of France (b.1555.d.1630) also Duchess of York
----------------------------------------------
Married in 14th June 1580, Prince Robert of Scotland, Duke of Ross (b.1566.d.1618)
b) Thomas I, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1581.d.1630)
m. Princess Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg (b.1584.d.1642) on August 20th, 1600

1) Edward of Eltham, Prince of Wales, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester (b.1602.d.1638)

m. Princess Sophia Kristina of Prussia (b.1604.d.1644) on July 23rd, 1620

a) Henry of Hatfield, Duke of Suffolk (b.1621.d.1627)

b) THOMAS II, KING OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND (b.1622.d.1690) MARRIED TO MARGARET III OF SCOTLAND

1) James of England, Scotland and Ireland, Prince of Wales, Duke of Rothesay, and others (b.1641.d.1652)

2) Mary of England, Scotland and Ireland (b.1643.d.1675) m. Friedrich VI, Elector Palatine (b.1637.d.1693)

a) Rupert IV, Elector Palatine (b.1660.d.1719)

Marrying four times, he is the ancestor all Elector Palatines that have come since

b) Sophia Charlotte of the Palatinate (b.1662.d.1729) m. Maximilian V, Holy Roman Emperor (b.1660.d.1705)

A childless but loving marriage, the title of Emperor was gained by Maximilian’s younger brother following

his death, while Sophia lived most of her widowhood at Winterblume[1]

c) Elizabeth of the Palatinate (b.1665.d.1689) married Frederik II of the Netherlands

d) Augusta of the Palatinate, Queen consort of Portugal (b.1671.d.1688) married Antônio II of Portugal

3) Alexander of the United Kingdoms[2], Prince of Wales, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Rothesay, and others (b.1645.d.1687)

m. Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria (b.1652.d.1685) on August 12th, 1667

a) Princess Jane of Wales, the Lady Royal (b.1669.d.1730)

b) Edward of Windsor[3], Duke of Suffolk and Berwick (b.1670.d.1687)

m. Anna Christina of Denmark (b.1671.d.1686)

1*) HE, Lord Reginald FitzPrince, Archbishop of Canterbury (b.1684.d.1729)

2*) HE, Lady Adelaide FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1740) m. Louis I Ernst, Viceroy of Vandalia (b.1674.d.1727)

---Had Surviving Issue

3*) HE, Lady Harriet FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1802) m. Godscall Paleologue, 1st Baron Paleologue of Barbados (d.1750)

---They are the great-great-grandparents of the first Paleologus monarch of Modern Greece

4*) HE, Lady Eleanor FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1714)

5*) HE, Lady Maud FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1748) m. Jasper III, Prince-Bishop of Fulda (b.1681.d.1716)

---Childless due to Maud’s infertility, the marriage wasn’t a happy one, and Maud became a nun in widowhood[4]

6*) HE, Lady Florence FitzPrince (b.1686.d.1733) m. Roderick Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth (b.1675.d.1720)

---Had Surviving Issue

7) Henry IX & I, King of England, Ireland, and Scotland (b.1686) THE NEXT TREE CONTINUES FROM HERE

8*) HE, John FitzPrince, 1st Duke of Warminster (b.1686.d.1727) m. Virginia de Clare-Malet (b.1686.d.1734)

---Happy and fruitful together, the two not only continued the line of the Dukes of Warminster (who gained the

---Dukedom of Trowbridge a few generations later) but were also the parents of the first duke of Monmouth[5]

---and the first Vicereine of Avalon

9*) HE, Lady Cathryn FitzPrince (b.1687.d.1703) m. John Lovecraft, 2nd Count Palatine of Providence (b.1660.d.1725)

---The marriage lasted less than a month, with Cathryn dying suddenly and mysteriously[6]

10*) HE[7], Lord Douglas FitzPrince (b.1687.d.1690)

11*) HE, Lord Alfred FitzPrince (b.1687.d.1706) m. Joanna Scott, 1st Duke of Buccleuch (b.1683.d.1745)

---Had Surviving Issue

12*) HE, Arthur I FitzPrince, Lord of the March at Cape Fear[8] (b.1687.d.1714) m. Yolanda of Waccamaw[9] (d.1721)

---Had Surviving Issue

c) Prince James of Wales (1672)

d) Princess Elisabeth of Wales (b.1673.d.1675)

e) Princess Mary of Wales (b.1676.d.1681)

4) Elizabeth of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Princess of Orange (b.1646.d.1712) married Maurits II of the Netherlands

5) Margaret of England, Ireland and Scotland (b.1646.d.1718) m. Christian III, Elector and Duke of Saxony (b.1645.d.1699)

a) Johan Georg III, Elector and Duke of Saxony (b.1668.d.1712) m. Maria Amalia of Austria (b.1669.d.1721)

Agnatic Ancestor to the four Electors of Saxony that followed

b) Friedrich Albrecht, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (b.1671.d.1704) m. Sophia of Saxe-Weimar (b.1674.d.1729)

Agnatic Ancestor to all Electors of Saxony to rule from 1756 and 1933

c) Agatha of Wales (b.1625.d.1701) m. Manuel II, King of Portugal and the Algarve (etc.) (b.1618.d.1672)

1) Sebastião II, King of Portugal and the Algarve (etc.) (b.1646.d.1697) m. Mariana of Spain (b.1649.d.1691)

a) Infante João of Portugal, Prince of Brazil (b.1670.d.1684)

b) Antônio II, King of Portugal and the Algarve (b.1671.d.1700) m. Princess Augusta of the Palatinate (b.1671.d.1701)

1) Antônio III, King of Portugal and the Algarve (b.1688.d.1703)

--- Dying at a young age lacking legitimate or powerful illegitimate children[10], with his death the Throne

--- passed to his great-uncle, at the time the elderly Duke of Trancoso

c) Infanta Maria Margarida of Portugal (b.1677.d.1690)

d) Infante Luís of Portugal, 3rd Duke of Coimbra (b.1680.d.1693)

2) Infanta Catarina Amélia of Portugal (b.1647.d.1670) m. Guglielmo XII, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (b.1638.d.1680)

Of their eight children, only the third, their second son, survived to adulthood

3) Antônio IV, King of Portugal and the Algarve (etc.) (b.1649.d.1711) m. Maria Ludwiga of Hesse-Darmstadt (b.1655.d.1749)

The couple was quite undeniably fecund

4) Infante José of Portugal, 7th Duke of Beja (b.1650.d.1689) m. Cornelia Castriota Sanseverino[11] (b.1663.d.1721)

Direct ancestors of the modern Albanian Royal Family, they also are the agnatic ancestors of the Portuguese Royal Family

5) Infanta Maria Clara of Portugal (b.1653.d.1661)

d) Prince Richard of Wales, jure uxoris King in the United Provinces as Renard I (b.1628.d.1687)

m. Maria II Agnes, Queen in the United Provinces, Lady of the Netherlands (etc.) (b.1630.1700) in 1656

1) Maria Elisabeth of the United Provinces (b.1657.d.1680) m. Charles VI, Duke of Lorraine (b.1648.d.1700)

Having four daughters together, Charles would remarry after Maria’s death, and finally have his so-desired male heir

2) Maximillian IV, King in the United Provinces (etc.) (b.1660.d.1703) m. Marie de La Tour d’Auvergne[12] (b.1666.d.1725)

Had Surviving Issue

3) Marie Adelaide of the United Provinces (b.1667.d.1698)

2) Mary of England and Ireland, the Lady Royal (b.1602.d.1677)

3) Jane of England and Ireland (b.1605.d.1658) m. Constantine O’Neill of Clandeboye, 1st Earl of Carrickfergus (d.1646)

a) Thomas FitzJane O’Neill, 2nd Earl of Carrickfergus (b.1630.d.1689) m. Lady Ginevra MacDonnell (b.1642.d.1714)

Ancestors to all following earls (and later Vicedukes) of Carrickfergus

b) Lord Felix O’Neill, Herr von Ortelsburg (b.1631.d.1672) m. Lady Hedwig von Ansbach[13] (b.1630.d.1699)

A mercenary who later became a member of the Prussian Nobility, there he is ancestor to the Lord of Ortelsburg and Lyck

c) Lady Margaret O’Neill (b.1634.d.1677) m. HG Conn III O’Neill, Ruler of Clandeboye (b.1629?d.1669)

Ancestors to all following Rulers[14] of Clandeboye through their variable titles

d) Lord Murtagh O’Neill, 12th Lord of Edenduffcarrick (b.1637.d.1678) m. Lady Florence O’Neill (c.1641.d.1680)

Inheriting the title through his wife, their son was the first Baron O’Neill of Edenduffcarrick

e) Lady Mary O’Neill (b.1638.d.1705) m. William Russel, 6th Earl of Bedford (b.1639.d.1682)

Having Surviving Issue, William’s death in the aftermath of the Woburn Plot (1680), which saw him lose his titles,

estates, and finally, his head, caused much of Mary’s widowhood to be spent with her locked in a long journey to

recover her children’s paternal inheritance

4) Prince Thomas of England and Ireland, better known as Erik XV, King of Sweden by the right of his wife, King Kristina

5) Sarah of England and Ireland, Queen of Denmark (b.1610.d.1693) married Frederik III of Denmark and Norway

Had as a mistress from around 1629 to 1633, Lady Anne Pierrepont (b.1611.d.1628)

8*) HE, Lady Adelaide FitzWales (b.1631.d.1669) m. HG Reginald de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxenford (b.1627.d.1703)

a) HG Mary Elizabeth de Vere, suo jure 21st Countess of Oxenford (b.1679)

A MISTRESS OF HER COUSIN, HENRY XI & I, SHE APPEARS ON THE NEXT TREE

10*) HE, Lady Louise FitzWales (b.1632.d.1692) m. HG Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (b.1630.d.1691)

a) Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Albemarle and Eminent Imperial Consort[15] Yi-t’ang[16] (b.1654.d.1738)

m. HG Reginald Romney Swyre, 2nd Duke of Albemarle (b.1653.d.1678) on November 9th, 1669

1) HG Henry Charles Romney Swyre, 3rd Duke of Albemarle (b.1670.d.1687)

2) HG Lavinia Jane Romney Swyre, 4th Duke of Albemarle (b.1672.d.1705)

Marrying a man of the Cornish gentry (whose family were proprietors of the old Glasney Priory since

the 1560s), they were the parents of the 1st Viceroy of Tidewater (also 5th Duke of Albemarle)[17]

m. Wu Shaoxian, K’anghsi[18] Emperor of the Middle Kingdom[19] (b.1679.d.1751) on December 3rd, 1705

Having 4 daughters, of whom only the youngest didn’t marry or have children, and 1 son, who was a Feudatory Prince

b) Lady Calpurnia Cavendish (b.1655.d.1731)

Marrying a Polish-Lithuanian Magnate, Had Surviving Issue, there she is mostly remembered as “The Mad Princess”

c) Lord Rudolph Cavendish, by courtesy Earl of Ogle (b.1659.d.1680) m. Lady Catherine Tufton (b.1664.d.1729)

Preceding his father, Rudolph’s only son would become the 3rd Duke of Newcastle

d) Lady Diana Cavendish (b.1661.d.1695)

Married the 2nd Earl of Breadalbane, Had Surviving Issue (1 daughter)

e) Lady Louisa Cavendish (b.1663.1704)

Eloped with a Baronet (and ironically her sister-in-law’s first cousin), Had Surviving Issue

f) Lady Virginia Cavendish (b.1674.d.1740)

Converting to Roman Catholicism at the age of 22, she married the Prince of Monterotondo[20] after meeting

while in Florence and traveling together to Rome (she had originally been in a pilgrimage there to enter a convent),

Having Surviving Issue, Virginia is mostly remembered for the books and novels based on her life[21]

Had as a mistress and confidant for most of his life, Lady Arbella Stuart, suo jure 2nd Countess & 1st Duke of Lennox (b.1575.d.1626)

6*) HE, Charles Michael Stuart, 2nd Duke & 3rd Earl of Lennox (b.1624.d.1673) m. Lady Jane Hamilton (b.1639.d.1688)

Had Surviving Issue

7*) HE, John Stewart, 1st Count Palatine of Croatoan (b.1630.d.1702) m. Marion Dare of Roanoke[22] (d.1664)

Having Surviving Issue, they are the direct forefathers of the Princes of the Banks

11*) HE, Lady Bellatrix Stewart (b.1634.d.1690) m. Antônio III do Crato, 3rd Duke of Tânger (b.1628.d.1661)

Had Surviving Issue

Had as a mistress from 1636 until his death, Calpurnia Churchill, of Dorsetshire (b.1620.d.1679)

12*) HE&SH, Jasper I Tudor, 1st Duke of Dorchester, Prince-Bishop of Fulda (b.1638.d.1704)

Marrying thrice (and having 11 surviving children), his Earldom of Dorchester was only elevated after he became Prince

Had as a decades-long friend and month-long mistress, Maud the Washerwoman, from the Fleet (d.1642)

9*) HE, Alfred FitzPrince, Bishop and Count Palatine of Durham (b.1631.d.1694) Lady Frances Seymour (b.1633.d.1685)

The forefathers of a legitimate dynasty of religious officials, who to this day serve as Durhamshire’s Palatine Count-Bishops

c) Robert IV, King of the Scots (b.1583.d.1645) m. Margaret II, Queen of the Scots (b.1594.d.1683)

1) Duncan III, King of the Scots (b.1612.d.1651) m. Princess Elizabeth of Denmark (b.1611.d.1636)

a) MARGARET III, BY HER OWN RIGHT QUEEN OF THE SCOTS (b.1627.d.1705) MARRIED THOMAS II OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND

b) Mary of Scotland (b.1630.d.1663) married Willem III of the Netherlands

c) Prince Richard of Scotland, Duke of Rothesay (b.1636.d.1639)

d) Augusta of Scotland (b.1639.d.1691) married Christian V of Denmark and Norway

Having had at least five illegitimate children, those being who he officially recognized, the most well-known of them was:

e*) Lord Charles Stewart, Earl of Orkney (b.1634.1687)

m. Jane Stewart, suo jure 4th Countess of Orkney[23] (b.1636.1694)

Grandparents of the 1st Duke of Orkney (2nd creation), more famously are the ancestors of the Viceroys of Worchester[24]

2) Elizabeth of Scotland (b.1615.d.1668) m. Christian Friedrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lünenburg (b.1621.d.1665)

Having three sons, they were the first Elector of Hanover[25], Duke of Brunswick-Goslar, and Duke of Brunswick-Hildesheim[26]

3) Margaret of Scotland (b.1616.d.1689) m. HG, James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (b.1609.d.1682)

Had Surviving Issue

d) Prince James of England and Ireland, 1st Duke of Richmond (b.1585.d.1617) m. Charlotte de La Trémoille (b.1599.d.1664)

1) Prince Edmund Stewart, 2nd Duke of Richmond (b.1616.d.1635)

m. HE[27], Anne (II) Brydges, Lord of Man[28] (b.1612.d.1657)

a) HE, Elizabeth (I) Brydges Stewart, 3rd Duke[29] of Richmond and Lord of Man[30] (b.1638.d.1700)

Married to one of her cousins of the FitzTudors of Westmoreland, she is the ancestress of the modern Lords of Man[31]

2) Prince James Tudor Stewart, 2nd Earl of Holderness[32] (b.1618.d.1673) m. Lady Elizabeth Ramsay (b.1611.d.1644)

From their three sons have descended the various Tudor Ramsay-Stewart[33] Earls of Holderness

e) Catherine of England and Ireland, Princess of Orange (b.1590.d.1678) married Frederik I of the Netherlands
f) Prince Henry of England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1st Duke of York[34] (b.1594.d.1662) m. Lady Florence Fitzmaurice (b.1602.d.1661)

1) Prince Edward of York, Earl of Cork (b.1619.d.1635) m. Flaith.[35] Grace MacGrace O’Flaherty (b.1620.d.1651?)

2) Princess Florence Stewart, 2nd Duchess of York (b.1621.d.1675)

3) Princess Sarah Stewart, 3rd Duchess of York (b.1624.d.1697) m. Reichard II, Count of Simmern-Sponheim[36] (b.1590.d.1680)

a) Richard III of Simmern-Sponheim, 4th Duke of York and Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim (b.1645.d.1728)

Dying unmarried, with him ended the fourth creation of the Dukedom of York (reverted back to the Crown),

while Simmern-Sponheim was inherited by Georg II, his closest agnatic relative and illegitimate grandson[37]

[1] “The Palace of Winter Flowers”, Winterblume was the “retreat house” of Maximilian V and Sophia Charlotte, a large Gotschbarock* palace built nestled in the Rhaetian Alps under his orders marked by its unique layout for the era, being tall and thin hugging the side of two mountains in a way similar to cave or hillside castles instead of being relatively stout and “fat” like most palaces built at the time
* A strand of the Baroque architecture that had spread throughout Europe, Gotschbarock (Coming from the abbreviation of “gotischer barock”, or “gothic baroque” in English, common alternative names include “Gotbarock”, “Gothobaroque” and “Gotibarocco”) architecture is marked by being, as the name might imply, a deep mixing of the Baroque and Gothic styles of architecture, caused by the incorporation of some traits of the latter by Austrian architects which evolved into a new architectural style that has been called “an attack on the eye” due to overlapping the traditional elements of both into a single thing
[2] Another name used to refer to the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland after the marriage of Thomas and Margaret II
[3] Referred as such due to his birthplace, Edward of Windsor is mostly remembered for his infamously active sexual life and his escapades, managing to have eleven recognized bastards by the time of his death at the age of 17, which is the other thing he is known for, as he died a few weeks after having a stroke in the middle of a bacchanal (only surviving that long due to receiving prompt first aid, due to his physician being one of the people in said bacchanal)
[4] Having moved to France following her husband’s death, Maud converted to Catholicism in 1719, and entered a convent in Brittany following the death of her close friend (and partner), the Countess of Murat, in 1736, living there as a nun until her death in 1748
[5] Born Lord Reginald August Charles Henry FitzPrince-Clare-Malet (hyphenations occurring due to his parent’s marriage contract), he was made Duke of Monmouth in the Peerage of England in 1726 as an award for his service in the Iberian War
[6] The official record says scarlet fever, at least
[7] A legacy of Henry IX, the style of “His/Her Excellency”, until then not really used in the British Isles, was first made as the official style of address of English Royal Bastards by him, who developed a strange desire to give his illegitimate children a rank in-between royalty and nobility and pushed through with the sheer pig-headedness needed to see it become reality, doing it in such a way that it became a precedent and stuck as the norm for all English (and later British) recognized Royal Bastards to have come since
[8] Although also “Earl of Newport” in the Peerage of Ireland, Arthur I is always referred to as either “Lord of the March at Cape Fear” or by the semi-anachronistic title of “Margrave of Cape Fear”
[9] In her time referred to as “Princess of the Waccamaw”, Yolanda was by birth the daughter of the chief of the eponymous people living near the original Cape Fear (who had the distinction of having been somehow influenced by the Spanish at some point in the 16th or the early 17th century), and her and Arthur became a couple in a sort of political marriage to ally her group with his new-born colony
[10] At the time of his death Antônio III was only 15, and although he had an illegitimate daughter, Isabel, Duchess of Abrantes, whom he gave a considerable personal fortune on his deathbed, she was only a few months old at the time of his death and no-one seriously considered the idea of her inheriting the throne, with the duchess instead being raised at court by her maternal grandfather, Dinis II from 1711 onwards, and living her life as an influential member of the Portuguese Nobility
[11] The daughter of Bernardino III Castriota Sanseverino, Prince of Bisignano, Duke of San Pietro in Galatina, Count of Tricarico, etc., by birth Cornelia was a High-Ranking Neapolitan noblewoman, and a direct descendant of the Albanian King Skanderbeg I
[12] Although Marie was by birth from one of the premier noble families of France (and her mother one of Louis XIV’s half-sisters), her marriage to Maximilian was a great scandal for the time, being a marriage of love started when the two met and begun an affair during his Grand Tour, and only came to be due to him strong-arming his mother by forcing her to choose between seeing him married to a woman of relatively-lower rank or one of his Lorraine nieces inheriting the United Provinces, which was seen by Maria II as being the worse of the two due to her dislike for Charles VI of Lorraine
[13] A member of the Prussian nobility, her father, Heinz Anselm, had been the previous Lord of Ortelsburg (her husband inheriting it through her) and was the supposed illegitimate son of Georg Friedrich I of Brandenburg-Ansbach (there is much discussion over whether Heinrich’s father was him or his nephew-in-law, the young Duke of Prussia)
[14] “Ruler” is only a ‘sort-of-equivalent’ to the Gaelic title of Rí, which means King and is used as such in modern times but was basically until the establishment of the Empire of the Isles left in a grey area of translation between that and Prince/Duke
[15] The tale of how Elizabeth Cavendish, once Duchess dowager of Albemarle, became the Consort of a Chinese Emperor, is one that could (and has) fill an entire history book, and has served as fodder to many romance stories, but a synopsis of it is that, following her husband’s death in 1678 while serving as Lord-President of the British East Indies, she remained in the East with their children, and, after many years a widow and having lost her son at a young age, decided to visit China, where she ended-up moving-in to a manor at the Dignitary Town of Beijing. And from there she ended-up meeting and entering a romance with the K’anghsi Emperor, a scandalous affair that ended with her marrying the younger monarch when he was 26 and her 51
[16] Yitang in OTL Pinyin, it is a rather eccentric title, as Chinese characters used to write it “懿” and “唐”, together mean something on the lines of “Righteous/Virtuous Offensiveness” or at a stretch “Righteously Offended”; the general idea is that the title was specifically made to be some kind of internal joke between the two (in special since their reactions during Elizabeth’s entitlement ceremony were recorded as basically “guffawing in laughter when the title was read, and snickering throughout the remainder of the event”
[17] The Viceroyalty and Dukedom would become separated with the children of the 6th Duke, whose grandson through his firstborn son would inherit the latter as the 7th duke while his third son, who migrated to the Americas and married a native noblewoman, would become the 3rd Viceroy
[18] Kangxi in OTL Pinyin, as ITTL the traditional romanization system for Chinese sort-of-resembles a mix of it and Wade-Giles
[19] We use that due to his dynasty’s use of Middle Kingdom or “China” to refer to itself in diplomacy/foreign relations
[20] Giacomo Leonore de’ Medici (b.1671.d.1737), he was the head of one of the legitimized branches of the House of Medici, descending from Francesco I de’ Medici’s son by Bianca Cappello, and a relatively minor member of the Florentine court at the time
[21] As Virginia and her husband had a rather eventful life even after the novel-worthy start of their relationship
[22] The only daughter and heir of Sir Alfred Dare, 3rd Lord of Croatoan
[23] She was the ITTL granddaughter of Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney, himself a grandson of James V through an illegitimate line (his father being one of the king’s bastard sons), who unlike OTL married to Countess Emilia of Nassau in 1595 following the plans of James VI, and died under mysterious circumstances in 1603
[24] Who descend from their younger daughter, Anne, who inherited her father’s Proprietary Lordship, and her husband, Prince Christian of Denmark (who was the youngest of the four sons of Christian V of Denmark and Princess Augusta of Scotland)
[25] Although colloquially called as such, formally the title is “Elector of Lower Saxony” (German: Kurfürstentum Niedersachsen), having been changed to that from “Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg” during the 18th century
[26] Maximilian William of Brunswick-Lüneburg at birth, he became Prince of Hildesheim when the Prince-Bishopric was secularized
[27] Following the addition of “Excellency” to the forms of address of England by Henry IX, the English Crown formally gave the Lords of Man the right to it as well in 1603, in “honour to that most unique status of Man within Our Realm”
[28] Unlike OTL, the succession dispute to the Isle of Mann following the death of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, was ended with the lordship and island being awarded to his eldest daughter, Anne, Baroness Chandos of Sudeley, who was followed by their son, George, who then was slightly “pushed” to sell it to his sister, the Anne to marry the 2nd Duke of Richmond
[29] Although it isn’t undeniably certain, it is the colloquial belief that the 3rd Duke of Richmond was the first peeress whose peerage was created post-Act to use its title’s male version, creating the custom of separating those created before or after the Peerage Succession Act by the use of a male or a suo jure female title (although it isn’t an official thing, with the pre-Act titles of Duke of Pembroke and Duke of Buckingham both not using “suo jure Duchess” and instead retroactively recognizing its first holders as Dukes)
[30] Unlike OTL, while the Isle itself is normally written with a two “N”s, the Lordship is written in its older “1-N” form
[31] Who are also Princes of Mann in the Peerage of the Isles and Kings of Man in Manx and official documents in English (as the older title of saw a revival in use following the establishment of the Empire of the Isles)
[32] The various changes to letters patent in the English peerage during the turn of the 17th century, although barring James from inheriting the Dukedom of Richmond (which was invested to heirs general), did also result on him inheriting a peerage through marriage, as the letters of his father-in-law’s title established it to be a form of semi-salic in nature, being passable to sons-in-law or cognatic grandsons if there were no sons or eligible male relatives to inherit while still barring female heirs from holding the peerage
[33] While the 2nd Earl of Holderness adopted the surname of “Tudor Stewart”, his marriage and inheritance to the Earldom of Holderness came with the caveat of having to pass his father-in-law’s surname on, although unlike some other cases hyphenation was considered acceptable enough
[34] The title being recreated following Elizabeth I’s ascension to the throne
[35] An abbreviation of the Gaelic Banflaith (meaning “White Prince”), a title created to serve as the courtesy of the children of the native Irish High Nobility by the 1st Duke of Pembroke by her changing the meaning of the “Ban-” component from “Lady” to “White” when using it (and customarily shortening the title to “Flaith”, which on itself is used as the Gaelic word equivalent to a courtesy Lord)
[36] The ITTL grandson of Reichard I, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim, whose OTL daughters were sons who lived to adulthood
[37] Who was descended from Reichard I’s younger son through his father and was the son of Richard III’s illegitimate daughter

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Married on 26th November 1570, Charles IX, Most Christian King of France (b.1550.d.1574)
a) Marie Élisabeth of France, Queen of France (etc.) (b.1572.d.1673) m. Henry V, King of France and Navarre (b.1577.d.1648)[1]

1) Henri d’Bourbon, Dauphin of France (b.1591.d.1620) m. Louise Marguerite of Lorraine (b.1588.d.1631)

a) Jeanne IV Louise, suo jure Queen of Navarre, Hereditary Princess of Andorra and Princess of Pallars (b.1615.d.1692)[2]

m. Louis Henri d’Bourbon, Dauphin of France (b.1632.d.1652) on February 14th, 1650

1) Jean Louis d’Bourbon, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy and Normandy (b.1651.d.1653)

m. Louis Philippe d’Bourbon, Duke of Berry (b.1636.d.1695) on June 21st, 1654

2) Philippe IV, King of Navarre (etc.) (b.1644.d.1697) m. Josepha of Milan and Naples (b.1656.d.1721)

Of their 16 children, only 1 wasn’t stillborn or died in infancy, instead dying as a teenager[3], with Josepha

living her widowhood more as the Lady of Ostabarret than as Queen Dowager of Navarre

3) Blanche de Navarre (b.1656.d.1752) m. Infante Juan Carlos of Spain, 1st Duke of Pamplona (b.1659.d.1697)

Having five surviving sons, their eldest is the ancestor of the sole line of Grand Dukes in Navarre, while

his brothers became ancestors to the country’s four premier dukedoms

4) Henri V, Cardinal King of Navarre (etc.) (b.1661.d.1707)

5) Antoine II, King of Navarre (etc.) (b.1665.d.1715) m. Infanta Mariana of Spain (b.1661.d.1718)

Locked in a loveless (if fond) marriage, their children included the kings Philippe V and Henri VI of Navarre,

the Hereditary Princess[4] Catalina II of Andorra, and the Prince Bernard IV Antoine of Pallars; and through

them the two are ancestors of all the royal families of the Pyrenese States

b) Renée of France (b.1617.d.1650) m. Maximilian I, Archduke of Further Austria (b.1615.d.1672)

1) Anna of Further Austria (b.1637.d.1702) m. Louis XIV, King of France (etc.) (b.1635.d.1711)

Producing offspring, they are the ancestors of all French Monarchs that have come since

2) Other four surviving children, to be seen in the Hapsburg’s Family Tree

c) Marie Louise of France (b.1619.d.1664) m. Ferdinando II de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1611.d.1668)

1) Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1636.d.1681) m. Vittoria della Rovere of Urbino (b.1632.d.1712)

Barren (the one to ‘blame’ for that is uncertain), the couple adopted[5] in 1670 three African children

a) Antonio Carlo “il Nubio” Debano (b.1663?d.1733) m. Olimpia Aldobrandini, 5th Princess of Meldola

the heiress to one of the largest fortunes of the Papal Nobility, their descendants are in modern times one

of the richest dynasties in Europe, spread through the Peninsula and making fortunes out of banking and trade

b) Giosetta Debano, Lady of Calafuria (b.1664?d.1727) m. Antonio I Boncompagni, 8th Duke of Sora (b.1658.d.1731)

A rather interesting couple in their time[6], the two only became rulers of Sora in 1707, which involved

Antonio fighting a civil war against most of his family for it, and are together the ancestors of the

so-called Moorish House of Boncompagni[7]

c) Immacolata Debano, Abbess of San Marino al Cimino (b.1666?d.1761)

A lifelong bachelorette, in 1715 she was made the nominal abbess of San Marino al Cimino (which had been

a male abbey until the 1560s, when it was abandoned and fell into ruin) by Pope Evaristus II, and

re-established the abbey on its modern incarnation[8]

2) Francesco II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1641.d.1690) m. Maria Carlota of Inner Austria (b.1644.d.1685)

Married as children shortly before the downfall of Maria Carlota's family, they are the ancestors to all

but five of the rulers of Tuscany that have come since, as well as of all (de jure or de facto) rulers of Tuscan

Guiana. Of their surviving children, one was:

a) Alessandro de’ Medici, Pope Evaristus II of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church (b.1669.d.1731)

Pope from 1709 to 1731, gaining the position at the age of 40 due to his charm and popularity

in part due to his famous personal piety), he was canonized in 1804 for finally setting in stone

the resolution of the Chinese Rites Controversy, in favour of the pro-Rites faction[9]

3) Catarina de’ Medici (b.1640.d.1677?) m. Pietro II d’Este, Duke of Ferrara (b.1645.d.1680)

Married mostly so her family could see itself rid of a spinster, Catarina died between 1675 and 1679

after a decade being imprisoned by her husband, Pietro (most commonly known as Petruccio). The parents

of Duke Cesare II “il Parricida” of Ferrara, through him they are the ancestors of all subsequent rulers of

Ferrara (as well as of all rulers of the Romagna)

4) Giuliano de’ Medici, Lord of Giglio (b.1641.d.1718?) m. Isabella Gonzaga of Guastalla (b.1639.d.1718?)

Married so their families could be freed of two spinster in a single strike, although starting that way the two

were a rather close couple, entering the enterprise of trade and establishing a merchant company. Often

going by themselves on trading voyages, the two disappeared at sea while leading a convoy to the Far East,

leaving behind a son who inherited their business and fiefdom[10] and is ancestor of the Gigliesi Sovereign Family

5) Bianca de’ Medici (b.1644.d.1703) m. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, Castro & Piacenza (b.1630.d.1694)

a) Alessandro II Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (b.1666.d.1717)

Inheriting the Farnese's main territory, he is the ancestor of all rulers of Parma that have come since

b) Ranuccio III Farnese, Duke of Castro (b.1668.d.1721)

Inheriting the Duchy of Castro[11], he was married to his cousin, the 12th Duchess of Latera, and

with her is ancestor to the Castrioti Branch of the House of Farnese

c) Odoardo Farnese, Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati (b.1670.d.1765)

A member of the clergy since the age of 10 and a Cardinal by the age of 25, he was as long-lived as he

was fertile[12], and served as Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1759 to 1765

d) Elisabetta of Parma and Piacenza (b.1672.d.1720) m. Ferdinand VI, King of the Spains (and more) (b.1659.d.1740)

The second of Ferdinand’s marriages, and the longest of them, they had surviving issue

e) Ottavio I Farnese, Prince-Abbot of Seborga and Lerino, Podesta of Noli (b.1677.d.1733)

Entering the clergy at 13, at 15 he was sent to the Abbey of Lerino, becoming its abbot (and Prince of

Seborga) in 1698, and from there founded the Ottaviani Branch of the House of Farnese[13]

6) Vittoria de’ Medici (b.1648.d.1704) a spinster

7) Six other surviving children (2 sons and 4 daughters) who entered religious orders. Of them the boys (Luigi and Ferdinando) entered the Jesuits (being deeply involved in the Chinese Rites debacle) while 3 of the girls (Maria Magdalena, Michaela and Christina) entered the Franciscans, with the last one (Maria Ludovica) becoming a Carmelite

d) Charles of France, Duke of Normandy (b.1620.d.1625)

2) Marie Élisabeth of France (b.1594.d.1629) m. Felipe III, Duke of Milan, Imperial Vicar of Italy (b.1589.d.1625)

They Had Surviving Issue, to be seen on the Hapsburgs’ Family Tree

3) Marguerite of France, a Benedictine Nun (b.1559.d.1664)

4) Henrietta of France, Duchess of Orléans[14] (b.1607.d.1629) m. Louis Alphonse d’Bourbon, Duke of Orléans (b.1608.d.1657)

Half-uncle and niece, the two were childless together, with the marriage ending with Henrietta’s death of consumption,

and Louis would later remarry, inheriting his brother’s throne in his last years as Louis XIII of France

[1] The only surviving son and child of Henry IV and Margaret of France, who ITTL (due to a wide array of butterflies) were rather close as a couple (even if their relationship was often marred by their fertility problems, resulting on Henry IV’s remarrying following Margot’s death), taking after both his father and maternal grandparents in military skills and political acumen, he is the closest equivalent ITTL to Louis XIII, but lacking Louis’ ascension to the throne as a child as well as much his marital problems
[2] Most famously known by the cognomens of “The Eventful” and “The Rock”, Jeanne IV is one of those historical characters whose life can be best summarised by the word “complicated”, with the events of her life being at times caused by so delicate of circumstances as to seem unreal. A resume here could not make justice to her life, but some of the most memorable facts about it are: that she was forced into a convent by her paternal aunt, and following said aunt’s death spent years fighting be freed from her vows and regain her inheritance; that although barred from the throne of France, she still inherited the thrones of Navarre and Andorra in her own right, and quite literally fought against both her family and Spain to be recognized as such in the middle of the Sixty-Six Years War; and that although marrying the firstborn son of Louis XIII, already over 15 years her junior, she still did not become Queen of France, with him dying shortly into their marriage and her fighting a literal war to marry one of his younger brothers
[3] Born of his parents’ 7th pregnancy in the 24th of July 1681 (and being the third to be actually born alive), Louis, Prince of Viana, was from infancy of a considerably frail health, starting with his contraction of meningitis as a three-weeks-old, which although seemingly not damaging to his mental capacities, left him with periodical fits of convulsions and hydrocephalus (which had to be drained intermittently). While his health was of downs and rises in quality over the years, and during all of it attendants were constantly watching over him due to it, Louis’ death was still sudden, as in the span of only 6 days he went from being relatively well at his 15th birthday to dead by the midday of the 30th of July, 1686, rom what is believed to have been a mixture of pharyngitis, pneumonia, and smallpox, which also had caused a worsening of his hydrocephalus. Unmarried at the time of his death (although he had already started the long tradition of Bourbon monarchs of having bastards, possessing an illegitimate daughter with an herbalist of whom not much is known (as the daughter, although affluent, was extremely private)), with his death the inheritance passed to his uncle, at the time a Cardinal and Archbishop of Pamplona, which is sadly much of what Louis is colloquially remembered for in modern times, with his greatest legacy after that being the creation of the “Horse Guard of Viana” during his time growing-up in Olite, a “miniature army” made of local children who was maintained following his death, evolving into something akin to but not exactly like the OTL Boy Scouts
[4] Although in most countries, when present, the title “Hereditary Prince” (or “Secular Prince”) serves to refer to the heir of a principality, in Andorra it quite literally refers to the country’s co-prince who ascended to the position through direct inheritance, being used together with “Episcopal Prince” to differentiate between the religious and secular co-princes when necessary
[5] Said adoption (which mostly comprised of the couple receiving three slave children as a gift and then freeing them) is seen as being responsible for making the practice of acquiring, freeing, and raising enslaved children (normally of Black African origins/ancestry) become popular among the Italian Aristocracy (in special the Tuscan and Papal) during the following centuries – in special in relation to lifelong bachelors, spinsters, and childless couples –, whose effects direct and indirect can still be seen in modern times, with around 8-10% of the peninsula’s population being “mulattos” or “moors”, the biracial descendants of black Africans and white Italians
[6] The couple and their relationship were the source of much talk and gossip in 17th century Italy, both due to who they were – the African adoptive daughter of a Grand Duke of Tuscany, known for her strong and imposing personality as much as for her personal fortunes (born from her parents leaving considerable estates and wealth to their adoptive children), and the youngest son (and 10th child) of the then Duke of Sora, whose personality was described as “only made bearable by his beauty” and who came to court her solely to find an escape to a predetermined career in the priesthood – and to their relationship, which was seen as scandalous in multiple levels even when it started, and continued to be so as it went forward.
Living off the revenues from Giosetta’s estates and fortune for much of their marriage, the two were well-known in Florentine society for the fact that she, and not Antonio, was the one who commanded their household, something which continued even after they officially took over Sora, with her de facto ruling the duchy and being nearly solely responsible for its revitalization (as the war for Sora’s succession saw most of the duchy’s population die or leave, Giosetta ended-up having to actively repopulate it through a mix of immigrants from up the peninsula, mainly her native Tuscany and the Papal States, and slaves whom she quite literally “brought in bulk”, offering them freedom in exchanged for settling in the fiefdom)
[7] Although originally called as such in a derogatory manner during the War of Sora’s Succession, the House of Boncompagni de’ Ebano of Sora also came to use its “nickname” as the “Moorish House of Boncompagni” as a ‘badge of honor’ during said war out of spite, something which they kept even after it ended until “Moorish” became a custom and identity (with many Dukes of Sora actively trying to lay into such image in both their looks and demeanor), something which also caused it to become one of the accepted colloquial names for the Peninsula’s biracial population
[8] After serving as the unofficial go-to for when her relatives and acquaintances needed a nanny, tutor, governess, or even as someone for them to foster their children with (resulting on her Florentine residence being a major player in the life of the following generations of Florentine Nobility), Immacolata, after receiving San Marino al Cimino by Evaristus II (on itself a gift to her for practically raising his children), put much of that experience into play while establishing the restored abbey’s function, with it – although housing a nunnery – serving most importantly as a boarding school for young and unmarried women, originally and traditionally daughters of the Italian Nobility (although colloquially known as a school for nobility, San Marino al Cimino has from its beginning accepted commoner pupils, either enrolled, with the abbey being historically seen as providing a way to climb up the social ladders, or adopted, as the abbey’s Orphanage was even infamous in its early years for the fact that its children, often times taken from the streets, were schooled just like its enrolled pupils), and at its beginnings being known for being one of the first women’s schools to train its pupils in areas outside of the “female” or marriage-related arts
[9] Considerably less strict than many of his predecessors, being seen as a reformer by many, Evaristus II’s reign as Pope, although possessing other events in the same vein (such as the “Bull on the Two-Faithed”, in relation to the Armenian Laramans), is most remembered for issuing the bull Sicut Deus magnus (“As God is great” in Latin) in 1715, which permitted the Chinese rites and Confucian Rituals and forbade any further discussions on the matter. Although believed to not have greatly changed the rate of conversions to Roman Catholicism in China (although it did enlarge them a bit due to re-entries, the breaking-off from the Church by convert populations over their rites having been a bit of a problem for the Papacy in China), as they had already started to slow down by then, the bull is believed to have made the religion more acceptable or palatable to the region, preventing the (at the time real) threat of bans and persecutions against Christian missions and Chinese Christians
[10] Growing wealthy of their enterprises, the couple chose to buy the island of Giglio, at the time a place mostly known for its periodical attacks by Turkish and North African piracy, to establish a species of personal base for their ships and resources after one-too-many disputes with Tuscan port authorities; from there they were forced to develop the island both in its infrastructure and defences, nearly stumbling into popularity, and shuffled the administration of Giglio to their son, who was the one responsible for entrenching their descendants into it
[11] After the ITTL Wars of Castro didn’t see the duchy’s eponymous capital destroyed and the Farnese defeated by the Papacy, Ranuccio II had nearly half a century to experience the beast that was administering it and Parma (seeing the task as a nuisance of such scale in his later years as to nearly outright sell Castro to the Pope) and, concluding that keeping both Castro and Parma together was effectively an impossible endeavour, decided to split them between his two eldest sons upon his death (although Ranuccio III was sent to de facto rule Castro shortly after his father’s decision)
[12] Throughout his near-century alive, Cardinal Odoardo Farnese is known to have had at least 59 surviving illegitimate children, the first when he was 16 and the last when he was 87, which we know to have existed in great part due to his frank disinterest for keeping them a secret (with one of his residences in Rome being described as “resembling more an orphanage than a palace” due to the number of children running around it); of Odoardo’s known children, only 12 entered the clergy, with the others being given estates, ranks and/or pensions to live from (with most of his sons who didn’t enter the Church being made a part of the Papal Nobility) and/or were set by him with advantageous matches to wealthy spouses
[13] In what is believed to be quite a bit of spite for being sent to an abbey in Northern Italy, Ottavio, after becoming Prince-Abbot, de facto turned the small Seborga into a “mercenary company with a country”, leading it into the Ligurian War for the Savoyards (where he gained the nicknamed “the Condottiere Abbot” and taking over the Republic of Noli in its aftermath, establishing his own little fiefdom out of the region of Imperia. While a true ruler in the secular level, he was still a clergyman, and as such it was only in 1733 where, after years trying to persuade or bribe him, Ottavio managed to convince Pope Evaristus II to grant him a dispensation to marry one of his mistress (which also involved legitimizing through it their children and, more importantly for Ottavio, granted a special dispensation to the Abbacy of Lerino for vows of celibacy and chastity)
[14] Most famous for forcing her niece into a convent to take out the competition

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2) Prince Henry of England and Ireland, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester (b.1557.d.1561)
3) Jane of England and Ireland, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg (b.1558.d.1603) m. Johann Friedrich II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b.1559.d.1599)

a) Prince Heinrich of Saxony (b.1575.d.1580)

b) Princess Agnes of Saxony (b.1578.d.1631) m. John William II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b.1562.d.1600)

Had Surviving Issue, with the Dukes of Saxe-Weimar lasting until the 1780s in the male line

c) John Casimir I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b.1579.d.1614) m. Princess Elizabeth of Denmark (b.1627.d.1680)

Had Surviving Issue, the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg remain his direct male descendants

d) Princess Sibylle of Saxony, Princess Abbess of Quedlinburg (b.1580.d.1637)

e) Princess Ernestine of Saxony (b.1581.d.1642) m. John Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b.1586.d.1629)

Having only daughters as their surviving issue, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was inherited a first cousin

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4) Henry IX, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1560.d.1580)
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m. Princess Anna of Nassau (b.1562.d.1578) on May 9th, 1574

c) Henry X, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1578.d.1588)

Had as a mistress around 1574, Lady Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Lennox (b.1555.d.1592)

a*) HE, Edward FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Devon (b.1575.d.1626) m. Lady Frances Devereux[1] (b.1599.d.1674)

1) Lady Margaret FitzRoy (b.1619.d.1640) m. Julius II, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg (b.1615.d.1659)

Having Surviving Issue, they continued the Dannenberg Branch of the House of Welf, who has managed

to survive to modernity by the skin of its teeth[2]

2) Lord James FitzRoy, 2nd Earl of Devon (b.1622.d.1635)

3) Lord Edward FitzRoy, 3rd Earl of Devon (b.1623.d.1640) m. Jonkvrow Justinia van Nassau (b.1625.d.1674)

Ancestors of the current Dukes of Devon, Princes of Chimay, and Lords of Grimhuizen, they are also the agnatic

ancestor of the modern British Imperial Family

Has as a mistress from 1575 until death, Lady Margaret Fitzpatrick, Baroness Dunboyne (b.1561.d.1621)

b*) HE, Frances Fitzpatrick (b.1576.d.1654) m. Thomas Fitzmaurice, 18th Baron & 1st Earl of Kerry (b.1574.d.1630)

1) Patrick Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl & 19th Baron of Kerry (b.1600.d.1661) m. Lady Margaret Butler (b.1596.d.1630)

2) Lord Gerald Fitzmaurice (b.1601.d.1657) m. Lady Helen Butler (b.1598.d.1631)

They were the parents of the 3rd Earl and 20th Barron of Kerry, who succeeded his childless uncle

3) Lady Gyles Fitzmaurice, Countess of Ossory (b.1606.d.1659) married Edmund Fitzpatrick-Butler, 2nd Earl of Ossory

d*) HE, Jane Fitzpatrick, 1st Countess of Ossory (b.1578.d.1630) m. Lord Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret (b.1578.d.1651)

1) Edmund Fitzpatrick-Butler, 2nd Earl of Ossory, 4th Viscount Mountgarret (b.1595.1679)

Married to his maternal first cousin, Lady Gyles Fitzmaurice, the two are the ancestors of the modern Duke of Ossory

2) Lady Margaret Butler, Countess of Kerry (b.1596.d.1620) married Patrick Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl & 19th Baron of Kerry

3) Lady Helen Butler (b.1598.d.1631) married Lord Gerald Fitzmaurice (1601-1675)

4) Lord Richard Butler, 1st Baron Butler of Calais (b.1599.d.1638) m. Francisca Maria de Borgia e Aragón[3] (b.1604.d.1659)

Establishing The merchant branch of the Butler Dynasty, they made roots in Calais, where the family would remain

centred until the Conquest in the 19th century[4]

5) Lady Saoirse Butler (b.1606.d.1643) founder of the Reformed Gilbertine Order, the Britannic Almsgivers[5]

[1] The younger daughter of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, Frances was, interestingly enough, tangentially-related to her husband through her paternal grandmother, Lettice Knollys, who was the mistress of his grandfather
[2] It is something of a popular saying that the House of Dannenberg must have some sort of curse to make them always live “interesting times”, as over the course of the family’s history they have at every generation (not even its founder being barred from it) suffered from some existential threat, either problems reproducing, bankruptcy, or some sort of catastrophe, war, or cataclysm (the most “famous” example of that being on the generation of Julius V, when they had to deal with all of those at once)
[3] An interesting figure, being by birth a member of the Borgias in both sides (being the younger daughter and third child of Anna Borgia, 5th Princess of Squillace, and Francisco de Borja, Count of Rebolledo, who were both descendants of Pope Alexander VI through his sons, while Francisco was also a descendant of Ferdinand II “The Catholic” of Aragon) who to escape an unwanted marriage chose to not only run away from her family (taking as much of their hard wealth as she could) but convert to Protestantism and marry an illegitimate relative of Europe’s most powerful protestant dynasty; and then proceeded to take over her husband’s business after his death and make fruit of what he had planted
[4] Although by then spread across the empire, the Mercantile Butlers still held Calais as their “ancestral grounds” until its Conquest; following it, the family made a move to re-center itself in Gibraltar, where they have remained since, with Calais, although seeing the return of the Butlers following the Great War, being only a home to memories
[5] Considered something of a forerunner for modern anthropologists and historians, as well as famous for her piety and compassionate character, Saoirse in a way translated her interests through her work in establishing the modern Gilbertine Order – created by her both as a revival of the “Catholic Gilbertine Order” (which had been made defunct by Henry VIII) and of England’s history of charitable monasteries and religious hospitals – with the help of her relatives and social circle, which in modern times is one of the largest Christian Religious Orders in the world, as well as one of the largest charitable organizations.
Although well-known of its works, the Reformed Gilbertine Order is also known for its “quirks”, most importantly its lack of vows of celibacy and/or chastity for nuns and monks (which isn’t common even among Protestant religious/monastic orders) and its practice of “permeable monasticism” (an aspect of Celtic monasticism introduced by Lady Saoirse)

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7) Margaret of England and Ireland, Queen consort of Sweden (b.1564.d.1612)
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m. Sigismund I Vasa, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1566.d.1598) on 31st May, 1582
a) Margaretha of Sweden (b.1583.d.1591)
b) Katarina of Sweden, Duchess of Mecklenburg (b.1584.d.1642) m. Adolf Friedrich I, Duke of Mecklenburg (b.1588.d.1658)

1) Christian Ludwig I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b.1609.d.1691)

Ancestor to all Dukes at Schwerin[1] and Grand Dukes[2] that have come since, as well as the Dukes of Cambrésis

2) Karl II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Rostock (b.1610.d.1677)

Ancestor to all Dukes at Rostock that have come since, and through affairs most of their territory’s high nobility

3) Johan Albrecht III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b.1614.d.1665)

Ancestor to all Dukes at Strelitz that have come since, as well as of the dynastic Dukes at Mirow[3]

4) Albrecht VIII, Duke of Mecklenburg-Ratzeburg (b.1621.d.1700)

Ancestors to all Dukes at and Prince-Bishops of Ratzeburg that have come since, the most pious of the family

5) Adolf Friedrich II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Waren (b.1624.d.1683)

Ancestor to all Dukes at Waren that have come since, he was most importantly also responsible for the

Confederation” of petty duchies that is Mecklenburg-Waren through his infamous inheritance laws[4]

6) various daughters that are not strictly relevant and sons who died young

c) Karl III Sigismund, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1586.d.1631) m. Maria of Brandenburg (b.1599.d.1648)

1) Ingeborg I Vasa, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1615.d.1644)

2) Kristina, suo jure King of Sweden, Grand duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1617.d.1689)

m. Prince Thomas of England, jure uxoris King of Sweden as Erik XIV (b.1607.d.1671) on July 26th, 1632

a) Karl IV Augustus, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1633.d.1679) m. Vasilisa of Russia (b.1633.d.1702)

Had Surviving Issue

b) Ulrika Maria of Sweden (b.1633.d.1677) m. Friedrich V Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg (b.1620.d.1688)

Had Surviving Issue

c) Gustav I, Viceroy of New Sweden[5], Duke of Öland[6] (b.1635.d.1679)

m. Maria of Brandenburg-Küstrin (b.1627.d.1670)

Had five surviving daughters, who started their lineage’s historical high percentage of suo jure Vicereines

d) Elizabeth of Sweden, Queen of Denmark & Norway (b.1589.d.1660) m. Christian IV, King of Denmark & Norway (b.1581.d.1650)

1) Christine Augusta of Denmark (b.1606.d.1627) m. Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b.1597.d.1659)

2) Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway (b.1607.d.1656) m. Princess Sarah of England and Ireland (b.1610.d.1693)

a) Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg (b.1627.d.1680) married John Casimir I of Saxe-Coburg

b) Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway (b.1630.d.1678) m. Princess Augusta of Scotland (b.1639.d.1691)

Had Surviving Issue

c) Friederike of Denmark (b.1631.d.1651) m. Sambor IV, Duke of Pomerania and Prince of Rügen (b.1630.d.1666)

Had Surviving Issue

d) Erika of Denmark (b.1633.d.1702)

e) Prince Karl Ulrich of Denmark (b.1635.d.1704)

m. Sigrid Vasa, self-proclaimed Princess of Österbotten[7] (b.1634?d.1679) on January 4th, 1660

Had three surviving children, a daughter, who married a Sonderburger Duke, and 2 sons, who adventured

in the Americas and during that started the houses that in modern times rule over Ismark and Gristol

m. Karin Jacobsdatter Madsen, a Gutnish gentlewoman (c.1655.d.1701) on August 28th, 1680

Marrying morganaticaly after years being paramours, their children were granted the title of “Count of Visborg”

and settled mostly in their mother’s native Gottland, being ancestors of the modern Gutlandic Royal Family

3) Elisabeth Sophia of Denmark, Queen of Scots (b.1611.d.1636) married Duncan III of Scotland

e) Hedwig of Sweden (b.1590.d.1627) m. Wilhelm I, Duke of Prussia, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b.1584.d.1633?)

Had Surviving Issue, who divided Prussia from Brandenburg-Ansbach

f) Wladyslaw IV Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (b.1594.d.1652)
m. Anna I Brandenburska, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (b.1592.d.1661) on September 5th, 1611

Having a very fruitful marriage (with 23 recorded pregnancies), they had 3 surviving daughters, of whom two married, and 9 sons, out of whom 3 entered the clergy or religious orders and 2 died childless

[1] There is a certain “regional dichotomy” between the use of “Mecklenburg-X” and “Duke at X”, with the former being used more outside of the region to refer to its various dukes while the latter is the colloquial use within Mecklenburg (or its variation, “Duke at X in Y”, when referring to the Waren branches), in a similar vein to Andorra’s Hereditary and Episcopal Princes
[2] Given to the Dukes at Schwerin in the 19th century as a “symbol of their seniority”, ironically the title wasn’t made by elevating the Duchy of Mecklenburg, but instead by giving the Grand Ducal rank to the Schwerin’s domain in Felsen, Necklenburg (contraction of “Neu Mecklenburg”)
[3] Created as a secundogeniture to a son of the 4th Duke at Strelitz, unlike most “Mecklenburger Duchies” it isn’t a separate state but instead a semi-autonomous part of the Strelitz domain
[4] In an era where dynasties were often actively moving against dividing their territory through inheritance, Adolf Friedrich II of Waren decided to go the complete opposite, and made it so that his branch (already the one with the smallest territory) would instead divide its lands between sons. Lasting well into the 20th century, this custom resulted on the “Waren Duchy” of Mecklenburg to be a patchwork of 60-odd petty duchies, kept together by the vaguest of terms in a “confederacy” led by its three largest branches at Waren, Rossow, and Gaarz
[5] The Swedish House of Vasa is often remembered for its custom of giving often de facto independent (and rather larger) duchies to its younger sons (which had by the mid-17th century resulted on both the deposal of Erik XIV by his brother Johan III and on Ingeborg I’s conflicts against the Dukes of Södermanland), and although seen in an increasingly bad light the tradition still existed with Kristina’s children. Because of that, Gustav I, who was known for his affection for his brother as much as his interests in the New World, directly asked his mother to give him the then colony of New Sweden as the main part of his “inheritance”, hoping to through that shredding any chances of his descendants making a bid for the Swedish throne, going as far as using the giving of Finland as a tertiogeniture to Swedish princes as a “precedent” for that.
Said granting is also often seen as directly resulting on New Sweden’s survival, as Gustav I’s dedication and interested for the colony, as well as his theoretical “stakes”, caused a rise in investment and interest on it by the Swedish Crown and Nobility, and through that caused the colony to develop in size, population and infrastructure from a patchwork of forts and settlements barely clinging to life to an entrenched and self-sufficient de facto independent state
[6] While the “majority” of Gustav I’s “inheritance” was in New Sweden, he did also receive the Duchy of Öland in Sweden proper, which was still a rather small appanage when compared to some of the other princely duchies of the House of Vasa
[7] A granddaughter of Gustav Eriksson Vasa (“Gustav II”), the son of Erik XIV of Sweden and Karin Månsdotter, Sigrid Vasa, better known as “The Princess of Österbotten”, is, much like most of Bothnia’s Royal Family before independence, a strange and contentious figure both during her lifetime and in modern times, being a part of folklore as much as of recorded history and with a life marked to us by unknowns and uncertainties

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8) Magdalene of England and Ireland, Princess of Orange[1](b.1568.d.1585)
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m. Maurits I, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1567.d.1625) on February 22nd, 1576
a) Frederik I, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1585.d.1647)
m. Princess Catherine of England (b.1590.d.1678)

1) Willem II, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1611.d.1650)

m. Princess Eleanor of Orange (b.1609.d.1652)

a) Willem III, Stadtholder of the Netherlands (etc.) (b.1631.d.1650) m. Princess Mary of Scotland (b.1630.d.1663)

b) Maurits II, Stadtholder of the Netherlands (etc.) (b.1638.d.1692) m. Princess Elizabeth of England and Ireland (b.1646.d.1712)

Having a few surviving children, of whom some were sons, the eldest of them was:

1) Frederik II, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1664.d.1710)

m. Elizabeth of the Palatinate (b.1665.d.1689)(a) m. Archduchess Maria Beatrice of Austria (b.1676.d.1739)(b)

Having Surviving Issue in both marriages, with was with those children that the Netherlands and Orange

first became separated by their clashing inheritance laws[2]

c) Frederik (I) of the Netherlands and Nassau, 1st Duke of Rotterdam[3] (b.1640.d.1694)

Dying childless and unmarried, Frederik managed to pass, through some legal trickery, his titles and estates to

a younger cousin, Count Ludwig of Palatinate-Neuburg, who was at the time an admiral on the Dutch Navy[4]

2) Louise Henriette of the Netherlands (b.1615.d.1699) m. Enno IV, Count of Ostfrisland (b.1605.d.1648)

a) Enno V Heinrich, Count of Ostfrisland (b.1637.d.1684)

Had Surviving Issue

3) Agnes of the Netherlands (b.1619.d.1703) m. Otto VI, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg & Prince of Schaumburg (b.1640.d.1693)[5]

a) Adolph XV, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg & Prince of Schaumburg (b.1659.d.1700)

Had Surviving Issue

b) Karl Ernst of Holstein-Schauenburg, Prince-Burgher of Hamburg[6] (b.1660.d.1737)

Had Surviving Issue

c) Friedrich of Holstein-Rantzau, Imperial Count of Dithmarschen[7] (b.1662.d.1718)

Married to Countess Maria Evgenia of Rantzau (and Dithmarschen), he, after the death of her father and siblings

in a “strangely sudden peasant uprising, claimed their domain for himself through that, winning the subsequent

Dithmarschen Succession War against her cousins[8]

d) Agnes of Holstein-Schauenburg (b.1662.d.1686) married Hans VIII of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev

4) Albertine of the Netherlands (b.1622.d.1667) m. Wilhelm VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b.1625.d.1661)

a) William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b.1642.d.1665)

Had Surviving Issue

b) Ludwig VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal (b.1643.d.1694)

Had Surviving Issue, with his branch of the House of Hesse lasting until the 1870s in the male line

c) Landgravine Maria Albertina of Hesse (b.1649.d.1685)

d) Karl II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Marburg (b.1651.d.1730)

Had Surviving Issue

e) Landgravine Maria Augusta of Hesse (b.1654.d.1702)

Married a Duke of Württemberg, and Had Surviving Issue

5) Hendrik (I) of the Netherlands and Nassau, Count of Breda (b.1631.d.1650) m. Maria Charlotte of Aldenburg (b.1634.d.1677)

a) Hendrik (II) of the Netherlands, Count of Breda (b.1650.d.1710)

Had Surviving Issue

b) Bernard I, Prince-Provost of Berchtesgaden (b.1650.d.1718)

Made Prince-Provost in the Peace of Westphalia, Had Surviving Issue

6) Maria of Nassau (b.1632.d.1718) m. Wolfgang II, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Julich and Berg (b.1619.d.1690)

a) Wolfgang III, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Julich and Berg (b.1651.d.1692)

Had Surviving Issue

b) Ludwig Willem (I), 2nd Duke of Rotterdam (b.1655.d.1701)

Had Surviving Issue, and is the agnatic ancestor of all Counts Palatine of Neuburg (and Dukes of Julich and Berg)

that have existed since 1798, when Wolfgang III’s descendants became extinct in the legitimate male line

c) Maria Carolina of the Palatinate (b.1657.d.1725) m. Gerbhard III, Elector of Cologne

Marrying a cousin, who before becoming the first hereditary Elector of Cologne was the Duke and Count Palatine

of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg, they are the ancestors of all Electors of Cologne that have come since

d) other children, irrelevant to this line

[1] Until the 20th century there was no official title for the spouse of the Stadtholder of the Netherlands (with the closest basis for historians to use being the Stadtholder’s title of “Prince of Orange”), this only changing when the colloquial use of “Consort” to refer to them was made official
[2] The Netherlands have de facto kept a system of male-preference primogeniture for the office of Stadtholder, while Orange has kept the use of salic law for the succession of its Prince
[3] The first dukedom of the Netherlands
[4] It was believed for centuries that the two were lovers, although for a time the only “evidence” of that were contemporary talks about the two (like accusations of Frederik having used his influence to help start and support his lover’s career in the Dutch Navy), with direct confirmation of their relationship only appearing in 1837 when preserved correspondences between the two and from those in their personal circle were undisclosed by Ludwig’s descendants
[5] the posthumous son of Otto V of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg, who ITTL married a princess of the Dukes at Haderslev, born five hours after his father's death
[6] The “cliché ambitious merchant” of his siblings, Karl Ernst managed, after entering the mercantile business and settling in Hamburg, to de facto rule over the Free City through decades of political machinations, backstabbing and plotting, not only inventing a completely new position to cement his power but establishing a dynasty that has stood as the Free City’s semi-ceremonial rulers to this day
[7] Unlike OTL, the Last Feud between Denmark and Ditsmarchen saw the peasants' republic be divided a bit differently, with the southern half being given as an Imperial County to Johann Rantzau, Danish statesman responsible for the republic's conquest, as a boon by the Danish monarch (who decided it wouldn't actually affect his power over Ditsmarchen, as although a member-state of the HRE the county more closely resembled an autonomous fiefdom of Royal Holstein)
[8] The “cliché ambitious nobleman” of his siblings, Friedrich is seen by many as a nigh-perfect example of a Machiavellian prince who would do anything for the sake of power, with even his descendants (as early as his children) pretty openly agreeing that he only got away with his actions by sheer luck

Peppe · Sep 2, 2022

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Had as a mistress from 1560 to 1564, Lady Lettice Knollys, Countess of Essex (b.1543.d.1634), his cousin-in-law or illegitimate half-niece
5*) HE, Thomas FitzTudor, 1st Earl of Westmorland[1] (b.1562.d.1655)
m. Lady Mary Neville, 7th and 5th Baroness of Abergavenny, 3rd Baroness le Despencer (b.1554.d.1626)

a) Lady Lettice FitzTudor, Duchess of Pembroke (b.1583.d.1607) married Edward Dudley, 2nd Duke of Pembroke

b) Lady Eleanor FitzTudor (b.1585.d.1660) m. Lord Edward Ratclyffe, 6th Earl of Sussex[2] (b.1579.d.1643)

1) Lady Magdalene Ratclyffe (b.1605.d.1652) m. Albert John Dudley Percy[3], 5th Duke of Northumberland (b.1600.d.1667)

Had Surviving Issue

2) Lady Grace Ratclyffe (b.1606.d.1663) m. Sir Samuel Armyne of Osgodby, 3rd Banneret[4], MP (b.1625.d.1671)

Marrying later in Grace’s life, Had Surviving Issue

3) Lady Helena Ratclyffe (b.1607.d.1624)

Died giving birth to an illegitimate son[5]

4) Lady Violet Ratclyffe (b.1610.d.1697) m. Albert Mason, of Darnley, Yeoman (b.1618.d.1696)

Marrying later in life, with it being Albert’s second marriage, they had no Issue together

5) Lord Edward Ratclyffe, by courtesy Viscount FitzWalter (1611)

6) Lord Francis Ratclyffe, 7th Earl of Sussex (b.1612.d.1704)

Had Surviving Issue

c*) Sir Charles FitzThomas, privateer (b.1589.l.1630) m. Julia Agüeybaná[6], Cacica and privateer (b.c.1590.l.1630)

Lost at sea in 1630, they founded a clan of pirates, lords and privateers that spearheaded the Bahamian settlement[7]

d) Lord Henry FitzTudor, 4th Baron le Despencer (b.1591.d.1642) m. Lady Philippa Sidney (b.1590.d.1655)

1) Lady Laetitia FitzTudor (b.1614.d.1663) m. Ferdinando le Strange, 14th Baron Strange de Knockin[8] (b.1612.d.1640)

Had Surviving Issue

2) Anthony FitzTudor, 2nd Earl of Westmorland (b.1623.d.1670) m. Lady Antonia Clifford (b.1623.d.1688)

Had Surviving Issue

e) Lady Meredith FitzTudor (b.1593.d.1622) m. Lord Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent (b.1594.d.1651)

The marriage was childless, due to Meredith’s death early on, and Henry married twice after her

f) Lord Edward FitzTudor, 1st Viscount of Tudeley (b.1595.d.1682) m. Lady Grace Grey (b.1593.d.1701)

Had surviving issue, being ancestors of the modern Earls of Tudeley and Barons FitzTudor of Dartford

g*) Madam Agatha FitzThomas, courtesan, brothel owner[9] (b.1629.d.1713)

1*) Madam Theodora FitzThomas (b.1649.d.1700)

Her mother’s “successor”, she continued the dynasty that would last for centuries to come[10]

2*) Carine FitzThomas, Lady Barlow (b.1651.d.1670) m. Douglas Barlow, 2nd Baron Barlow of Brandside (b.1645.d.1675)

Had two sons, their younger becoming the Constable of the Tower of London[11]

3*) Heinrich I, Prince-Abbot of Stavelot-Malmedy (b.1653.d.1697)

Married a member of a illegitimate branch of the House of Orange-Nassau and Had Surviving Issue

4*) George FitzThomas, 1st Baron and Lord of Estill (b.1660.d.1743)

Deciding to make his fortune in the New World, he gained the lordship over a fortified town in Maine, which has

remained under his family to this day (with the 38th and current Baron being a direct female-line descendant)[12]

h*) George FitzThomas, Prebendary of York (b.1631.d.1684)

i*) Sir Reginald FitzThomas (b.1635.d.1669) m. Marie Hyacinthe de Ravalet, Madame of Tourlaville[13] (b.1636.d.1674)

Progenitors of the House of Tudor de Ravalet, a rather infamous Francophone agnatic branch of the Tudor dynasty[14]

6*) HE, Thomasin FitzTudor (b.1563.d.1588) m. Richard Owen Tudor, 1st Earl of Mountop (or Penmynydd)[15] (b.1556.d.1603)

Progenitors of the (modern) House of Tewdwr (also called “Tewdor” and “Tudur”), commonly known as primus inter pares of the Welsh Nobility in the Isles and as rulers of Gonglfaen in Columbia

[1] Previously a title created in 1397 until the formal attainder of the 6th earl in 1571, the peerage was recreated for Thomas in 1583 in a sense through his wife, a descendant of one of the sons of the 1st earl of the first creation, as part of the agreements made for their marriage (which saw Thomas be created a peer but mostly gain an estate through his wife, who was in turn recognized as the legitimate Baroness of Abergavenny and had the abeyant le Despencer barony confirmed to her)
[2] The ITTL younger brother of Robert Ratclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex
[3] The early history of the Dukedom of Northumberland is a rather confusing one. Created in 1551 for John Dudley (beforehand 1st Earl of Warwick) but in reference to a region historically held by the ancient House of Percy as an earldom (who had been de facto stripped from their hands by Henry VIII), the dukedom was kept by Dudley until his death in 1580, when it fell into a dispute over its inheritance.
John’s heir was the 2nd Earl of Warwick, John the Younger, who died leaving behind only a legitimate daughter; said daughter, in turn, had married a semi-tangential heir of the Percy Family (the OTL 9th Earl), and using her in-laws and the questionable precedence of Jane Grey’s Dukedom of Suffolk claimed the peerage against her many male relatives (in special the 3rd Earl of Warwick). In the end, said daughter, Anne Dudley, won the dispute, and was recognized as the suo jure 2nd Duchess of Northumberland, being later succeeded by her son with Henry Percy, Albert Dudley Percy, who became the 3rd Duke
[4] ITTL the title of “Banneret” (or “Knight Banneret”) never fell out of use completely, and instead saw a resurgence during the late 16th century and evolved into being a hereditary honor that is not a peerage, which is often created to award military service and unlike. In the order of precedence, bannerets can appear in three distinct positions:

- The banneret is higher than a baronetcy, if it was created in wartime in the presence of the monarch or their heir

- The banneret is equal to a baronetcy, if it was created in wartime, or in the presence of the monarch or their heir

- and The banneret is lower than a baronetcy, if it was created outside of wartime

[5] Sired by one of her father’s bastards, if contemporary gossips are to be trusted
[6] Also called “Julia Antônia de las Cruzes y Villadares” and “Agüeybaná V”, Julia was an interesting figure born during an equally interesting time in Caribbean History, being born around 1590 to Maria Amélia de las Cruzes, or Agüeybaná IV, and José Antônio Villadares, leaders of the “Taíno Revival” of Bonrinquén/Borikén that occurred in the late 16th century – with her mother declaring herself “Cacica of Borikén” as the self-declared descendant of a purported sister of Agüeybaná I and II (which she called “Agüeybaná III”), and although never openly rebelling against the Spanish quite fond of the idea –, and as a young adult going further than her mother in working against the Spanish by secretly becoming a privateer to the English Crown in 1609, being one among the few cases of powerful female captains that existed during the Age of Piracy
[7] Although still wishing for the overthrow of Spanish from Borikén (and probably still having plans to do it had they not disappeared), the couple sort-of found an alternative solution to escape Spain’s authority through resettlement (in a somewhat ironic mirror to the Taíno exiles following the Spanish-Taíno War a century earlier), and the led a “mass” migration of Julia’s “subjects” from Borikén to the then-uninhabited Lucayans. While originally made as a move to circumvent Spain’s Colonial Empire without starting a war, the move resulted on a new need for the couple’s children (and their backer) to defend the newly-resettled/claimed territory, and caused them to, when feeling that newly-made fortifications weren’t enough, push for the bringing of even more people to the islands so as to better entrench their position through numbers, which resulted on a feedback loop of fortification, settlement and development
[8] A rather odd man, the 14th Baron Strange is most remembered for the rather intense focus historically placed on how he inherited the title and his parentage, being the “supposedly-legitimate” son of Lady Frances Stanley, middle daughter of the 5th Earl of Derby (the title’s previous holder) with an “unnamed husband”, who, through a set of circumstances best described as “iffy”, was awarded the oldest of his maternal grandfather’s abeyant baronies as a 7-year-old, after being recently orphaned and de facto adopted by the elderly Elizabeth I. Theories of the hows, whys and whos about him are aplenty, with the most popular ones being that Ferdinando was in actuality the result of Lady Frances’ affair with the Duke of Ross, and that, having learnt of it somehow, Elizabeth I decided to look with kindness or pity onto her late-husband’s bastard following his mother’s death, taking him in under her care and giving the boy one of his mother’s abeyant inheritances – a large part of why said theory is popular (together with the various ones involving one of the queen’s sons) is the fact that anything about Ferdinando’s parentage was unknown before his mother’s death (with Lady Frances not even saying if he was legitimate or not, although it was agreed by most in society to be not), with his “supposed legitimacy” and unnamed father (supposedly the result of an tragically-short elopement) being “revealed” only when the Queen gave him the title by Elizabeth I herself
[9] Given by historians the title of “The Last Great Courtesan”, Agatha is most remembered for the way through which she found her legendary success in the English Court, by charming her clients through her intelligence and many talents and, more importantly, keeping both them and her position by charming their spouses (reason why Agatha, even after her beauty had weakened with age, still kept her standing amongst the aristocracy)
[10] Built with the wealth of money, connections and experience gained by her years as a courtesan, The Olive Garden was created by Agatha as the ultimate high-class brothel of her time, being almost revolutionary to the standards of her time in relation to its location, structure, services and the training and treatment of its workers, and remained as such until it was closed as a brothel in 1874, when the “Original Garden” was converted into a museum and hotel (although it has kept its license, one of the oldest still retained)
[11] Sir Archibald Barlow, 1st Baron Cottington of Tower Hamlets, he is often remembered for the rather unorthodox (if at time successful) moves made by him during his tenure as Constable of the Tower from 1697 to 1720, most infamously reviving and using the Constable’s responsibility for the regulation and protection of London’s “Jewry” for the creation of the “Jewish Battalion” (officially the “Jewish Subregiment, of the Tower Ordnance Regiment”) London’s first semi-official police force
[12] The Barons of Estill have had a history rather fraught with bloodshed and childless deaths
[13] The daughter of Julien II de Ravalet (1603-1650), better known for being the son of Julien and Marguerite de Ravalet, a pair of siblings who became infamous throughout Europe for being accused of and sentenced to death for incest, but being given a full pardon by Henry IV of France after Marguerite’s abusive husband (Jean Lefèvre de Haupitois, who had married at 32 a 13-year-old Marguerite in 1600) misunderstood the king’s sympathy for the siblings (Henri IV had been asked to pardon them by their father, while the Dauphin was also rather in favour of forgiving the two) and brashly confronted the monarch publicly.
At the time of their pardon 21 and 17 respectively, Julien and Marguerite would live to the ages of 71 and 68, and although living a mostly private life in their father’s estate (although Julien II was outlived by both his parents, his grandfather, Jean de Ravalet, skipped his children when setting an heir, and, having also outlived Julien II, had Tourlaville and his estate inherited by Julien’s daughter)
[14] Out of which near-to-outright incest can at times be said to be the least of their “quirks”
[15] The son of Richard Owen Theodor (the family changed the name a bit for a while) and Sheriff of Anglesey from 1576 to 1583, Richard was a distant cousin of Thomasin, descending from the branch of the House of Tudor’s pre-royal lineage to remain in their ancestral lands in Penmynydd (although his exact genealogy is a bid uncertain due to some weird chronology, with Richard either descending from Tudur ap Goronwy (first cousin of Henry VII’s paternal grandfather) through an unknown son named Gwilym, or through Tudur’s sister, Morfydd, and her husband Gwilym ap Griffith, himself another distant agnatic relation of the Tudors, through their shared descend from sons of Ednyfed Fychan)

----------------------------------------------

HH, The Lady MARY, 1st Duke of Buckingham (b.1516.d.1561), daughter by Catherine of Aragon, Queen Consort (The First)
1*) Henry FitzMary Tudor, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (b.1556.d.1601) m. Joanna Smyth, of the gentry (d.1619)

a) Lord Henry FitzMary Tudor, Earl of Hunsdon (b.1573.d.1580)

b) Lady Mary FitzMary Tudor (b.1574.d.1642)

c) Lady Cathryn FitzMary Tudor (b.1576.d.1631) m. Lord Henry Carey, 3rd Baron Carey of Aldenham[1] (b.1576.d.1620)

Had Surviving Issue[2]

d) Lord Francis FitzMary Tudor, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (b.1577.d.1639) m. Lady Sybil Percy (b.1589.d.1652)

Had Surviving Issue, through which they are the most recent non-royal ancestors of all European Monarchs

--------------
HH, The Lady ELIZABETH, 1st Duke of Pembroke (b.1533.d.1609), daughter by Anne Boleyn, Queen Consort (The Second)
secretly married between early 1551 and march of 1552, Lord Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (b.1532.d.1591)
1) Lord Edward Fitzbeth Dudley, 2nd Duke of Pembroke (b.1552.d.1609) m. Lady Lettice FitzTudor (b.1583.d.1607)

Ancestor to the current Dukes of Pembroke, Leicester[3], and Kildare, over 70% of all Viceroys of Ireland descend from him

2) Lady Anne Fitzbeth Dudley (b.1557.d.1614) m. Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormonde (b.1559.d.1607)

Ancestress of the current Dukes of Ormonde as well as another 15% of all Viceroys of Ireland

3) Lady Jane Fitzbeth Dudley (b.1557.d.1596) m. Domnhall IX MacCarthy Mór, Ruler of Desmond (b.1559.d.1614)

a) Flaith. Joan MacCarthy (b.1575.d.1600) m. Domnhall MacCarthy Reagh, 17th Prince of Carbery (d.1612)

Had Surviving Issue

b) Tadgh III MacCarthy Mór, Ruler of Desmond (b.1576.d.1625)

Had Surviving Issue, one of his grandsons was the last de facto independent Ruler of Desmond[4]

c) Flaith. Clara MacCarthy (b.1579.d.1648) m. Domnhall III O’Donovan, The O’Donovan Mor, Lord of Clancahill (b.c.1580.d.1660)

Had Surviving Issue

d) Flaith. Margaret MacCarthy (b.1580.d.1627) m. Charles MacCarthy, 17th Lord of Muscry (b.1570?d.1631)

Had Surviving Issue, including the first Earl of Muscry

e) Flaith. Diarmait MacCarthy, 1st Lord of Adrigole (b.1582.d.1634)

Establishing the Adrigole Sept of the MacCarthy dynasty, he was the grandfather of the first Duke of Andros,

and through that direct ancestor to over a third of the peers in the Bahamas

4) Lady Maria Amelia Tudor[5] (b.1558.d.1639)
m. HG, Owen I MacGrace[6] O’Flaherty, Lord President of Connaught[7] (d.1576) in 1573

a) HG, Flaith. Owen II MacGrace O’Flaherty, Lord President of Connaught (b.1575.d.1641)

Had Surviving Issue

b) Flaith. Elizabeth MacGrace O’Flaherty (b.1576.d.1598)

Had Surviving Issue

m. Hans II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (b.1521.d.1580) in 1578[8]

c) Hans III Möritz, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (b.1580.d.1633)[9]

4) Hans VI, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (b.1607.d.1645)

b) Heinrich II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (b.1636.d.1684)

3) Hans VIII Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (b.1660.d.1705)

married Agnes of Holstein-Schauenburg (b.1662.d.1686)

Continued the strange Haderslevian tendency of having a multitude of sons who divide their inheritance

only for it all to reunite under one of the younger brothers due to the older ones dying without heirs[10]

[1] Grandson of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Carey of Aldenham, son of Mary Boleyn through her first marriage
[2] Including the modern Earls of Porthouse, and through them Patricia Carey, famous opera singer
[3] Although the Earldom of Leicester is a subsidiary of the Dukedom of Pembroke, familial infighting and the use of semi-salic law, as well as a bit of spite, resulted on a separate Dukedom of Leicester being created for the daughter of the 5th Duke of Pembroke
[4] While Desmond was considered loyal to the Crown at least following the ascension of Tadgh III, it remained in that grey area between less-powerful-ally and vassal, with his grandson being the ruler of Desmond to officially establish his domain as a, while highly autonomous, subservient component of the Kingdom of Ireland
[5] Due to tomfoolery of Germanic Inheritance and “Equal Marriages”, Maria Amelia was “made” a member of the English-Irish Royal Family before her second marriage as to prevent any questionings over succession
[6] As a symbol of respect to her power and legacy, the English and Irish Crowns (on the urging of the Duchess of Pembroke) took to referring to the children of Grace O’Malley with the added surname of “MacGrace” (“FitzGrace” was considered, but was decided against to differentiate it from the “Fitzbeth” of the duchess’ own children)
[7] As a part of her moves to bring Western Ireland under the control of Dublin and the Crown, the Duchess of Pembroke, by then already confident in her de facto position to make even more unorthodox moves, offered her “Western Counterpart”, Grace O’Malley, an entirely-new title, that of “Lord President of Connaught”, as a way of creating an “win-win” option where O’Malley would keep her authority over her domain (which would now in fact be considerably larger” in exchange for submitting to some Royal Authority. Although many at the time though the offer would either be laughed out or denied by the Crown, the odd “friendly enmity” between the two women resulted on it being accepted, while the Duchess’ correct understanding of her power meant that it went through in the Crown’s side, and in 1569 it went through, with O’Malley’s eldest son, Owen, being recognized to the semifeudal and hereditary office, which would be followed by his marriage to the Duchess’ youngest daughter four years later.
While the 1573 marriage was declared as being the completion of the agreement and its final validation, the real proof that the offer’s words would be kept and respected only came a few years later, with Owen’s death in 1576, as to many, both involved in it and looking from outside, the fact that his infant son not only succeeded him in the exact manner he was supposed to, but also didn’t have his authority diminished or undermined by the Crown, served as the confirmation that the deal, as well as the ones similar to it made after, would be kept both in words and meaning
[8] The two met when Hans II (also called “Johan II”) made a visit to the English Court as a part of diplomatic overtures by Denmark while Maria was in London to visit her relatives, while she was somewhat interested, the elderly duke fell madly in love with her, and soon into their “sudocourtship” offered such an exorbitantly-high offer for her hand that, after discussing it with her relatives and even going back to Ireland to talk with her in-laws, Maria agreed.
[9] Born less than a week before his father’s death, with the elderly Hans II quite literally keeling over during his baptism, Hans III technically grew up under the regency of his mother, but mainly lived almost itinerantly with her traveling between Haderslev, Ireland and England (as Maria was quite dedicated to see her children frequently) while his father’s councillors did most of the ruling, growing-up to be a rather talented seaman in part due to the sheer time he spent traveling across the North Sea and along its coastlines
[10] During the eight generations in which the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein at Haderslev practiced dividing their inheritance, only two times did that result on the creation of a permanent duchy, both being petty duchies created for the youngest two of Hans XI’s 11 sons, outside of that, this saw the inheritance reuniting under one of the younger sons as their brothers either died childless, unwed, or with children through a morganatic marriage

TheBeanieBaron · Sep 25, 2022

What's the most watched coronation?
What happened to Mecklenburg-Güstrow?
Does the assassination of William of Orange fail ITTL?
Did the Duchy of Montferret went back to be ruled by the House of Paleologue?
Is the King of the United Provinces also the Elector of Liege?

Spamavalanche · Sep 25, 2022

Well I have discovered this TL last month and suffice to say that I'm very interested in it! Looking forward to seeing how this TL develops (especially if we can get a look at Asia later) now for some questions:
In Europe
• What is that additional lake in Bohemia and extra landmass in the Netherlands, and how did they come about?
• Did Russia ever expand to Siberia and Central Asia like OTL?
• Why is Spain so divided? (I'm mostly talking about everything west of Navarre-Viscaya and Aragon)
• How centralize is the "Jugoslavia unity" thing? Is it a mini EU, or is it mostly cultural thing like the commonwealth of OTL?
In America
• Is Paraguay a theocracy or something of this effect? The name does give me this impression
• Why did nobody bother to colonize the Palm islands, and why is it prohibitus?
• How did the Moroccans manage to colonize Alrabi, and how is it like?
• How is Terranova like?
General things
• How did the internet come about, and is it any different from OTL?
• Do nuclear bombs exist in TTL? And if so, how destructive they are?
• After that great war that you mentioned, were there any big conflict of broadly similar scale?
Apologies if this is too many questions, I tend to get carried away

TheBeanieBaron · Sep 25, 2022

Spamavalanche said:
Well I have discovered this TL last month and suffice to say that I'm very interested in it! Looking forward to seeing how this TL develops (especially if we can get a look at Asia later)

Interested in it as well! Been enjoying reading it (as well as answers to my questions) over the last few months. I'm personally looking forward to the future Hapsburg and Tudor family trees.

Spamavalanche said:
Apologies if this is too many questions, I tend to get carried away

Not at all! I have so many questions about this timeline (and the author's other one) that I have a place to store them.

Peppe · Sep 29, 2022

Sorry for the delay, I had most of the questions answered since monday but didn’t have time to even get on my computer the last few days to post them, I’m finally deciding to bite de bullet and posting the answers today from my phone since I’m only home after 18:00 at the least and tomorrow is my birthday, which will mean being mostly tied to family interactions

if there are any spelling/writing mistakes (my fingers are a bit too big to type on a cellphone even when not counting autocorrect) I’ll correct them when possible

TheBeanieBaron said:
What's the most watched coronation?

Well, that is an interesting question.

Since the ITTL invention of the television, quite a few monarchs have had their coronations’ viewing numbers in the hundreds of millions, with it being quite common to those of the most populous countries (all British monarchs since Mary II being some of them); because of that, which was the most watched coronation in history is a sort-of contentious matter.

Nonetheless, the answer as of 2030 is Robert V of the Isles, whose coronation had a live audience of between 1,1 and 1,5 billion people, although it isn’t certain if it will remain so in the near future (as the Russian Tsar is to be crowned in November of 2031).

Some people, however, like to argue that either Mary II of the Isles of Tenzin V Jetsun of Tibet should instead hold the title, as although their coronations didn’t have as large a live audience, they have some other accolade; Mary’s coronation was broadcasted to between half and three quarters of all televisions on the planet at the time; while Tenzin’s has been watched by billions in the decades since due to the events that occurred during it making it be frequently rebroadcasted or watched online in the decades

TheBeanieBaron said:
What happened to Mecklenburg-Güstrow?

It and Mecklenburg-Rostock are the same thing, as Karl II of Mecklenburg took Rostock as his “official seat” due to both the “delicate and special relationship” between it and the Mecklenburger dukes and his own history with Rostock but kept Güstrow as his co-capital, with both Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Rostock being used pretty interchangeably

TheBeanieBaron said:
Does the assassination of William of Orange fail ITTL?

Yes, although it quite literally did so at the last second (the assassin’s guns basically exploded when he fired, and so instead of being shot through the chest William was shot in the chest, in great part by shrapnel) and even then the Silent was in the brink of death for quite a while before he managed to make through.

A bit of a sidenote, but has anyone ever read about what the Dutch did to William’s assassin, Balthasar Gérard, because holy-hell they were brutal, like “for the time it was brutal” style brutal. Besides the about four days of torture between him being arrested and being executed (which if what I read was correct was also gruesome), his actual sentence was:
- Have his right hand burned off with a red iron
- Have the flesh thorn from his bones with pincers in six different places
- Be quartered and disembowelled alive
- And have his heart thorn off and flung onto his face
By that point the decapitation was just to have a smaller piece for display

TheBeanieBaron said:
Did the Duchy of Montferret went back to be ruled by the House of Paleologue?

No, although it did ironically come under the House of Notara, a Sicilian noble family of Greek ancestry, descending from the son of Loukas Notaras, the last megas doux and mesazon of the Byzantine Empire

TheBeanieBaron said:
Is the King of the United Provinces also the Elector of Liege?

No, while the idea was considered more than once, the monarch of the United Provinces has been kept separate from the prince of Liege

Spamavalanche said:
What is that additional lake in Bohemia and extra landmass in the Netherlands, and how did they come about?

The additional lake in Bohemia is the Bohemian Sea.

It first came into being during the 1950s, at the time the area was heavily depopulated due to a mix of drought and the back-to-back hits of plague and civil warfare and the German government, due to a variety of reasons of its own including supplying hydric and electric needs, underwent a move to create Europe’s largest artificial lake by building a pair of dams in the Elbe/Labe and Eger/Ohře rivers (the lake on the map is very wrong in its proportions to be frank, it should be much smaller).

(Here’s a closer scale, from one of the maps that made me decided to add the lake on Bohemia)

The second is the Poldermeer, and is the result of me, sadly, not noticing a mistake.
Originally it was meant to be a poldersided (actual term for something made into a polder as far as I can tell) ITTL equivalent to the Ijsselmeer, but as I learned a bit more I came to decide it would be better to leaver the ITTL equivalent to the Ijsselmeer a body of water, with the land it had once been covered with being “replaced” by Zuid Doggerland (also called Tulpenland), an artificial archipelago polderised from the North Sea. And then I made the astonishing move of forgetting to edit the map!

How said ITTL archipelago came to be, though, is that at around the late 1960s the Dutch government’s long journey of turning the Zuiderzee into its bitch was met with a hurdle when people didn’t want the Zuidermeer (ITTL Markermeer) to be polderised. This was a problem to the Dutch government, who had desired to polderised the lake both to create more farmland and more space for human habitation. In response to that, they decided to vent their anger in the North Sea, and proceeded to spend the 70s building an archipelago out of nothing (originally it was planned to be a single island, but concerns over the local wildlife, underwater landscape and popular opinion resulted on it being restructured into an archipelago)

Originally I planned on having already edited the map of Europe’s post to be with the corrected version, but the lack of computer has meant I’ve been incapable of doing so, as soon as possible I’ll do it

Spamavalanche said:
Did Russia ever expand to Siberia and Central Asia like OTL?

Yes, although said expansion occurred rather differently in many places, especially in Central Asia

Spamavalanche said:
Why is Spain so divided? (I'm mostly talking about everything west of Navarre-Viscaya and Aragon)

A mix of factors, starting with the Moriscos remaining the main ethnocultural group in Granada (due to the Rebellion of the Alpujarras not happening) and never being expelled from Spain. But the “main” reason why Spain west of Aragon looks like that is due to the War of the Three Queens back in the 20th century, which saw the two eldest daughters of the King of Spain (*cof*Castile*cof*) fight for the throne (it was mostly a political thing) while their youngest sister used that as an opportunity to scuttle away with Murcia for herself while doing [REDACTED] with their illegitimate brother.

Said civil war lasted a while, with Murcia sort of just fortifying itself while the others were distracted, and ended with a stalemate with both sides too entrenched and too unyieldy for any sort of resolution to be found, resulting on the modern map dividing Spain between the two. Granada had left a while before that though, when the United Spanish Monarchy collapsed into various successor states

Spamavalanche said:
How centralize is the "Jugoslavia unity" thing? Is it a mini EU, or is it mostly cultural thing like the commonwealth of OTL?

Closer to a sort-of mini EU in the Balkans based around open borders, trade and military, economic and diplomatic cooperation. Ironically to our world’s history, the Balkans are a rather peaceful region internally, with one of the JU’s main objectives being maintaining its borders open for the free passage of its patchwork of peoples (the JU also recognizes the membership of a handful of “landless nations”, some of the Balkans many ethnic minorities who have some autonomous territories within the JU members).

Spamavalanche said:
Is Paraguay a theocracy or something of this effect? The name does give me this impression

Something to that effect yes. ITTL the collapse of the Spanish Colonial Empire and subsequent HREization of Argentina resulted on the Jesuit Reductions, which themselves developed a bit differently from OTL, de facto becoming the premier power of Paraguay over the 18th century, which developed into Paraguay becoming something akin to an Jesuit version of the Papal States or the HRE’s prince-bishoprics, only in South America and with some sort-of-communist-sort-of-luddite vibes/aspects (The name was a bit of a typo on my part though, it should have been something on the lines of “Pious” or “Faithful” instead of Holy)

Spamavalanche said:
Why did nobody bother to colonize the Palm islands, and why is it prohibitus?

Oh, but somebody did bother to colonize them, otherwise they wouldn’t exist!

The Palm Islands were born of one of the most (well, probably the most) ambitious attempts at seasteading in ITTL history, endeavoured in the middle 20th century by a Brazilian multibillionaire named Andreas Villamendes in an attempt to establish an anarcho-capitalist city-state in the middle of the ocean. The plan was, to say the least, ambitious, and the islands were actually only the tip of the iceberg for it, being to Villamendes sort-of a distraction to the main focus of his project: an underwater city to escape the control of the world’s governments forevermore; with the islands being both a red herring for bringing workers so as to not have to “deal with governmental meddling” as well as the planned entrance to the city.

Well, long-story short for anyone who has heard of Bioshock, the city got underway but things did not go according to *plan*

That’s also why they are called a terra prohibitus, as although it is believed that the entire complex was abandoned by the start of the 21st century (the last time survivors came out), the tales and records of the things that happened both inside it and on the surface resulted on all countries around the islands being, shall-we-say, extremely cautious when dealing with them; so even while none of them officially claim the islands, all countries even close to them also give a hand in maintaining a permanent perimeter around the islands, with 24/7 surveillance both above and below the water line and a ban on anyone even touching foot on the islands without an overwhelming majority of said states’ governments granting them permission to it (and even then it is with a military attachment, just to be safe)

Spamavalanche said:
How did the Moroccans manage to colonize Alrabi, and how is it like?

The story of how the Moroccans came to establish Alrabi* starts with the Saadis of Morocco being more stable through the late 16th and early 17th centuries and, due to some twists and shenanigans (involving Sebastian I) establishing an alliance with the Portuguese who ended-up helping establish a Moroccan navy capable of transatlantic travel.

This, in turn, resulted on the Moroccans landing on then officially unclaimed Dominique in 1657, and, after establishing themselves as a possible way out of the neighboring powers, converting the native Kalina people, officially establishing a sort-of-vassal** over the island.

Alrabi in modern times is a bit of a wild mix of different worlds: it is a de factoindependent state in many ways, with Morocco being more of a distant authority at best; it’s most common religion is akin to Subsaharan Sufi Islam, with a heavy inheritance from aboriginal Kalina religion; and its inhabitants are the mix of the Kalina, heavily miscigenated with Moroccan Arabs and Berbers, and both descendants of North African immigrants and Moriscos***.

*”Alrabi” from “Al-Rabi”, Arabic name for the island meaning “Land of the Rabi”. Rabi, in turn, is the name of the native Kalina/Kalina-descended, which in modern times is said to mean “lifted”, “raised” or “enlightened” but actually developed by the contraction and switcherooing of vowels of the Arabic pronunciation of Kalina/name for the Kalina, “Kariba”

**technically Morocco officially claimed Alrabi as a province in 1695, having until then kept it as a de facto outpost/protectorate for decades, but much similarly to the Pashaliks of the Sahara, the island was de facto a vassal state with a hereditary dynasty of Pashas

***Alrabi became interestingly a destination for the immigration of both Portuguese Christian Moriscos and “de facto Muslim” Spanish Moriscos, the former coming from Morocco’s relationship with Portugal and the latter with the Clearances of the Alpujarras

Spamavalanche said:
How is Terranova like?

Think of our home country. Now pick the South’s climate, a level of indigenous influence on culture similar to the North, a level of African cultural influence on level with the coastal Northwest, and an a proportion of recent European immigration akin to the Southwest. Now tie all of that with a bow of a government and relative quality of life similar to New Zealand, glitter it with an Arab/Middle Eastern immigration in the early 20th century about three times that of OTL Brazil by proportion, and finish everything with cities that resemble a lovechild of Salvador with Hong Kong and a forest cover that would make Tolkien proud.

You’ve reached a rough outline of Terranova

Spamavalanche said:
How did the internet come about, and is it any different from OTL?

The internet ITTL came to be in general similarly to OTL, although computers started much earlier than OTL due to begging with this world’s equivalent of Babbage’s Analytical Engine.

In general I’d say the internet differs from OTL in some ways, although if you want major divergences the major one that comes to my mind is social media; ITTL it exists but circumstances and environment have resulted on it not being nearly as influential in/to society

Spamavalanche said:
Do nuclear bombs exist in TTL? And if so, how destructive they are?

While nuclear energy and physics are even more developed and used by humanity when compared to OTL, the whims of fate ITTL resulted in thorium-based nuclear fission and a much more developed knowledge on nuclear fusion being the starting points of the main lineage of moder nuclear science.

Ironically, and due to some other happenstances, when the idea of nuclear bombs was discovered it was already with the H bomb.

Ironically, the fact nuclear weapons were discovered with a greater power, and the fact the world was in something of a true “concert” at the time, resulted on a nigh-unanimous global agreement to shun nuclear weapons (which would later be made unanimous, due to superpowers being, surprisingly, willing to police themselves and also others)

As of 2030 no countries have nuclear arsenals or active nuclear weapons’ projects

Spamavalanche said:
After that great war that you mentioned, were there any big conflict of broadly similar scale?

While the Great War is a WWI/II analogue, it is a Napoleonic/Revolutionary Wars analogue as well. In resemblance of that, the century since its end has lacked in global wars, even if it nearly came to it in the 50s, resembling the unholy offspring of the Cold War and the Concert of Europe and the Belle Époque

The period since the Great War has instead seen a myriad of regional and local conflicts, like the Wars in Louisiana and Florida, the Scarlet Spring of Germany, or the previously mentioned War of the Three Queens/Three Kingdoms

-----------------------------------------------
EDIT: Changed the map finally

Also, @Spamavalanche, forgot to say this when posting the answer initially, it but I tend to go with the more the merrier in relation to questions about TLs, so don't worry about going overboard

TheBeanieBaron · Oct 16, 2022

Was Harriet able to see her great-great-grandson become the first monarch of Modern Greece (or at least see him)?
When did the last High Lord who was around for Columbia’s succession from Britain in 1838 die?
What is John Casimir (brother of Johann Friedrich II) known for if he isn’t Duke of Saxe-Coburg?
When was the title of Duke of Wompatuck created?
Which city has hosted the most Olympics?
Who is the longest living queen dowager?
Where is Gebhard III of Cologne's lifespan?

Peppe · Oct 21, 2022

TheBeanieBaron said:
Was Harriet able to see her great-great-grandson become the first monarch of Modern Greece (or at least see him)?

Yes.

Although exactly when “Modern Greece” begun is a fiercely debated matter, many think of it as being 1797, when Venice "elevated" its “Kingdom of the Morea” from a colony to a protectorate by making it an actual kingdom, giving the ‘new’ state to Constantine Paleologue (called “The Second” by historians in relation to the Paleologue Family, and either “I” or “XII” as a monarch), then a 20-year-old British peer and British-Venetian nobleman.

TheBeanieBaron said:
When did the last High Lord who was around for Columbia’s succession from Britain in 1838 die?

It was the year 1904, when Gorm III died just shy of 94 years; as although he sat in the last few years of the war he was one of the high lords when it ended, and his longevity meant he outlived all the other ones that were around in ‘38

TheBeanieBaron said:
What is John Casimir (brother of Johann Friedrich II) known for if he isn’t Duke of Saxe-Coburg?

He is remembered as the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, as Johann Friedrich’s survival made the Division of Erfurt a tad different from OTL, resulting on John Casimir gaining Gotha when the three sons of John Frederick the Middle stopped ruling jointly.

His career as Duke in Gotha was rather similar to his OTL career in Coburg, seeing it prosper and develop greatly and also developing on it a sturdy and efficient administrative apparatus.

Unlike OTL, though, he is also remembered as something of an occultist ITTL (with some even accusing him of witchcraft and Gotha seeing nearly no witch trials during his reign) even if he was also a pretty ferrous Lutheran. He also had children ITTL, who divided his duchy into Gotha(-Gotha), Gotha-Sonneberg, and Gotha-Altenburg (who died after its first generation from lack of male heirs)

TheBeanieBaron said:
When was the title of Duke of Wompatuck created?

The title, at least in its modern function, was created in 1783 for the future Edmund III of Massachusetts.

In actuality, though, the title was created all the way back in 1684 as “Duke Wampatuck”, being the title given to the Sachem of the Massachusett tribe, Charles Josias Wampatuck, for his and his grandfather’s actions in basically providing the territory on which the Colony of Massachusetts Bay was built (the title started as a Barony with his grandfather, and it was only in the 1680s that the Crown elevated it to a dukedom) as a part of Thomas II’s larger project of inducting allied native rulers, tribes and states into the structures of the English State and her Colonies (with many of Columbia’s modern states starting as indigenous polities).

The original dukedom (which technically still exists, reason for the change in spelling and the “of”) was held by the independent Sachems for nearly a century after that, ending with Eleanor Josias Wampatuck, who married the future 2nd Viceroy of Massachusetts (Humiliation-under-the-eyes-of-the-Lord Wallington) and, upon her death in 1777, passed both the dukedom and her title of Sachem to their son, Edmund II of Massachusetts

TheBeanieBaron said:
Which city has hosted the most Olympics?

As of 2030, the city to have hosted the most Olympic Games is Vienna with 5, having hosted the Summer Games of 1865, 1897, 1933 and 1989, and having co-hosted the Winter Games of 2015 with Ampëz (OTL Cortina d’Ampezzo)

TheBeanieBaron said:
Who is the longest living queen dowager?

The queen dowager to have lived the longest ever was Juliana, Queen of the United Provinces, who lived for 113 years and 316 days (she was an interesting character. Born Yen Youyün (Yan Youyun in OTL Pinyin) in 26 September 1905, to a “new-money” noble family from Northern China, she was first married at the age of 23 to Kong Dewang, Duke of Yasheng, a major northern Chinese nobleman with whom she had three daughters; due to political intrigue, the family ended-up fleeing to Europe in 1938 and settled in Antwerp, where she met the future Alphonse II of the United Provinces. Although both were married and with children, the two initiated an affair in 1940, continuing with it for the next 25 years (only hitting a stop in 1943-44 following her husband’s death), during which time she took the western name of “Juliana” following her initiation into the Belgian Church. Alphonse’s first wife died in 1965, and after 3 years in a slightly more official relationship the two married in 1968)

The oldest living queen dowager, in other hand, is Queen Dowager Ntamikevyo of Burundi, at 104 years and 75 days

TheBeanieBaron said:
Where is Gebhard III of Cologne's lifespan?

I ended-up leaving it out in a conscious (if split-moment) decision (my, somewhat flawed, reasoning was that, since I didn’t even show the spouses of his brothers-in-law, Gerbhard III was going to appear without the dates for his lifespan)

Gerbhard III of Cologne lived from 1655 to 1697 (with the only reason why he was the first hereditary Elector of Cologne being that fact that his father died just before he was to receive it), being the ITTL “sort-of”-counterpart to Charles XI of Sweden

TheBeanieBaron · Nov 2, 2022

Did Margaret II of Scotland abdicate after her husband's death?
Who is the longest living spouse of a German Elector?
Have any coronations been streamed on the internet yet?
When did New Sweden become Newden?
Did the monarchs of Croatoan (and the Banks) remained members of the House of Stewart until the death of Madeleine in the 20th century?
Have any female monarchs been given the sobriquet grandmother of Europe?

Peppe · Nov 2, 2022

TheBeanieBaron said:
Did Margaret II of Scotland abdicate after her husband's death?

No, in fact, due to her grandson's age, she was the de facto ruler of the British Isles from 1690 until her death in 1705 as Queen of Scotland and Queen Grandmother & Regent of England and Ireland, with the transition of power from her to her grandson in her later years and deathbed being much more akin to that of a monarch to their successor than anything else

TheBeanieBaron said:
Who is the longest living spouse of a German Elector?

Well, if we're talking about longest-living, the title goes to Princess Céline Praskovia Vorotynsky von Salm*, Electress consort of Bavaria; she was born in 1848 and lived to the age of 103, having been a widow for about 50 years by the time of her death

(*She was the daughter of Princess Olga Mikhailovna Vorotynsky and Prince Emilie of Salm-Salm, as her father was a minor German princeling while her mother was heiress to one of Russia's most prominent noble families, their marriage contract included a clause that their children would keep their mother's surname together with their father's, the modern family is colloquially known as the "House of Salm-Vorotynsky")

Now, if we're talking about the one amongst the current Electoral consorts to be the "longest" in height the title goes to the Electress of Pappenheim, Duchess Augusta of Mecklenburg, who is considered the world's tallest woman to be a non-pathological giant at 7'6.25 ft or 2.13 meters

TheBeanieBaron said:
Have any coronations been streamed on the internet yet?

Oh yes, it has actually become a relatively common practice (although live broadcasts on public places and the television, with it being posted onto the internet later, is an equally popular alternative).

TheBeanieBaron said:
When did New Sweden become Newden?

The name "Newden" originally started as a contraction of New Sweden used colloquially by the people in The Colonies following the state becoming under British suzerainty. Although it was used even by its rulers after some time, it only became the state's official name in the early 19th century, following Columbia's independence from the Isles.
Interestingly (or horrifyingly), the way that the name came to has resulted on it being all-over-the-place in relation to pronunciation, not helped by its rulers never actually stating which one is correct and the Neweden accent of English being considered hard to understand by many Columbians. In modern times there are four common ways of saying it:
- N-wedn, commonlly reffered to as "Sweden with an N", which is most heard East of the Hudson
- Ne-wid-en, which is probably the closest to official
- New-den, which is often used by non-english speakers
and - N-ve-den, which is most used by Newedes (in special when speaking in a mix of English and Newedish)

TheBeanieBaron said:
Did the monarchs of Croatoan (and the Banks) remained members of the House of Stewart until the death of Madeleine in the 20th century?

Yes. Although before Madeleine the Banks did have another female Prince, Eugenie, said princess died childless, being succeeded by her legitimized nephew and adoptive son*

(due to some quirks, the Banks follow a weird sort of male-preference primogeniture, with legitimized/recognized bastard children being capable of inheriting the throne but coming in the line of succession only after any legitimate siblings, with a legitimate daughter coming before any legitimized brother. As such, Eugenie became the ruler of the Banks instead of her illegitimate brother, and to make the succession smooth adopted his son, as their succession also gives the right to inherit to adoptive children if said children are themselves were already eligible to it by birth, simply placing them higher in the line)

TheBeanieBaron said:
Have any female monarchs been given the sobriquet grandmother of Europe?

Yes, although the one closest to OTL's Victoria in this regard is probably Ekaterina of Russia (a contemporary of Empress Anne), whose children made her be by the time of her death an ancestor to either the monarchs or heirs apparent of nearly a third of European states

TheBeanieBaron · Nov 2, 2022

Peppe said:
No, in fact, due to her grandson's age, she was the de facto ruler of the British Isles from 1690 until her death in 1705 as Queen of Scotland and Queen Grandmother & Regent of England and Ireland, with the transition of power from her to her grandson in her later years and deathbed being much more akin to that of a monarch to their successor than anything else

Good to know, but the Margaret I was referring to is Margaret III’s grandmother.

Peppe said:
Now, if we're talking about the one amongst the current Electoral consorts to be the "longest" in height the title goes to the Electress of Pappenheim, Duchess Augusta of Mecklenburg, who is considered the world's tallest woman to be a non-pathological giant at 7'6.25 ft or 2.13 meters

Interesting! This makes me wonder if the Mecklenburger Dukes are taller then most of Germany’s constituent monarchs.

TheBeanieBaron · Nov 9, 2022

What's the oldest intact Dutch royal dukedom?
Has Denmark's tradition of naming their monarchs either Christian or Frederik been broken since the end of the Oldenburg Empire?
Does the House of Aviz have any branches in Germany?
When did the last living Columbian High Lord that reigned during the Great War die?
Have the Count Palatines of Providence remained members of the House of Lovecraft since the Palatine’s founding in 1659?
Did Algeria and Berberia used the regal naming rules that Mauretania has today?
Which country hosted the 2011 Winter Olympics, Mexico or the Holy Roman-German Empire?
Did Marie Élisabeth of France co-ruled with anyone else after the death of her husband Henry V?
Is the Electorate of Cologne still in a personal Union with Zweibrücken-Kleeburg?
Do any of Alyaska's subnational monarchies follow matrilineal succession?

Silvius Silesius · Nov 12, 2022

Peppe said:
The Descent of the House of Tudor
From the Children of Henry VIII to the Generation of Henry XI
View attachment 771410 View attachment 771412
View attachment 771415
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EDWARD VI, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1537.d.1569), son by Jane Seymour, Queen consort (The Third)
married on 18th December 1554, Lady Jane Grey, suo jure 2nd Duchess of Suffolk (b.1536.d.1604), his first cousin once-removed

----------------------------------------------
1) Elizabeth I, King of England and Ireland, Queen of France (b.1555.d.1630) also Duchess of York
----------------------------------------------
Married in 14th June 1580, Prince Robert of Scotland, Duke of Ross (b.1566.d.1618)
b) Thomas I, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1581.d.1630)
m. Princess Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg (b.1584.d.1642) on August 20th, 1600

1) Edward of Eltham, Prince of Wales, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester (b.1602.d.1638)
m. Princess Sophia Kristina of Prussia (b.1604.d.1644) on July 23rd, 1620
a) Henry of Hatfield, Duke of Suffolk (b.1621.d.1627)
b) THOMAS II, KING OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND (b.1622.d.1690) MARRIED TO MARGARET III OF SCOTLAND
1) James of England, Scotland and Ireland, Prince of Wales, Duke of Rothesay, and others (b.1641.d.1652)
2) Mary of England, Scotland and Ireland (b.1643.d.1675) m. Friedrich VI, Elector Palatine (b.1637.d.1693)
a) Rupert IV, Elector Palatine (b.1660.d.1719)
Marrying four times, he is the ancestor all Elector Palatines that have come since
b) Sophia Charlotte of the Palatinate (b.1662.d.1729) m. Maximilian V, Holy Roman Emperor (b.1660.d.1705)
A childless but loving marriage, the title of Emperor was gained by Maximilian’s younger brother following
his death, while Sophia lived most of her widowhood at Winterblume[1]
c) Elizabeth of the Palatinate (b.1665.d.1689) married Frederik II of the Netherlands
d) Augusta of the Palatinate, Queen consort of Portugal (b.1671.d.1688) married Antônio II of Portugal
3) Alexander of the United Kingdoms[2], Prince of Wales, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Rothesay, and others (b.1645.d.1687)
m. Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria (b.1652.d.1685) on August 12th, 1667
a) Princess Jane of Wales, the Lady Royal (b.1669.d.1730)
b) Edward of Windsor[3], Duke of Suffolk and Berwick (b.1670.d.1687)
m. Anna Christina of Denmark (b.1671.d.1686)
1*) HE, Lord Reginald FitzPrince, Archbishop of Canterbury (b.1684.d.1729)
2*) HE, Lady Adelaide FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1740) m. Louis I Ernst, Viceroy of Vandalia (b.1674.d.1727)
---Had Surviving Issue
3*) HE, Lady Harriet FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1802) m. Godscall Paleologue, 1st Baron Paleologue of Barbados (d.1750)
---They are the great-great-grandparents of the first Paleologus monarch of Modern Greece
4*) HE, Lady Eleanor FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1714)
5*) HE, Lady Maud FitzPrince (b.1685.d.1748) m. Jasper III, Prince-Bishop of Fulda (b.1681.d.1716)
---Childless due to Maud’s infertility, the marriage wasn’t a happy one, and Maud became a nun in widowhood[4]
6*) HE, Lady Florence FitzPrince (b.1686.d.1733) m. Roderick Drummond, 2nd Duke of Perth (b.1675.d.1720)
---Had Surviving Issue
7) Henry IX & I, King of England, Ireland, and Scotland (b.1686) THE NEXT TREE CONTINUES FROM HERE
8*) HE, John FitzPrince, 1st Duke of Warminster (b.1686.d.1727) m. Virginia de Clare-Malet (b.1686.d.1734)
---Happy and fruitful together, the two not only continued the line of the Dukes of Warminster (who gained the
---Dukedom of Trowbridge a few generations later) but were also the parents of the first duke of Monmouth[5]
---and the first Vicereine of Avalon
9*) HE, Lady Cathryn FitzPrince (b.1687.d.1703) m. John Lovecraft, 2nd Count Palatine of Providence (b.1660.d.1725)
---The marriage lasted less than a month, with Cathryn dying suddenly and mysteriously[6]
10*) HE[7], Lord Douglas FitzPrince (b.1687.d.1690)
11*) HE, Lord Alfred FitzPrince (b.1687.d.1706) m. Joanna Scott, 1st Duke of Buccleuch (b.1683.d.1745)
---Had Surviving Issue
12*) HE, Arthur I FitzPrince, Lord of the March at Cape Fear[8] (b.1687.d.1714) m. Yolanda of Waccamaw[9] (d.1721)
---Had Surviving Issue
c) Prince James of Wales (1672)
d) Princess Elisabeth of Wales (b.1673.d.1675)
e) Princess Mary of Wales (b.1676.d.1681)
4) Elizabeth of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Princess of Orange (b.1646.d.1712) married Maurits II of the Netherlands
5) Margaret of England, Ireland and Scotland (b.1646.d.1718) m. Christian III, Elector and Duke of Saxony (b.1645.d.1699)
a) Johan Georg III, Elector and Duke of Saxony (b.1668.d.1712) m. Maria Amalia of Austria (b.1669.d.1721)
Agnatic Ancestor to the four Electors of Saxony that followed
b) Friedrich Albrecht, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (b.1671.d.1704) m. Sophia of Saxe-Weimar (b.1674.d.1729)
Agnatic Ancestor to all Electors of Saxony to rule from 1756 and 1933
c) Agatha of Wales (b.1625.d.1701) m. Manuel II, King of Portugal and the Algarve (etc.) (b.1618.d.1672)
1) Sebastião II, King of Portugal and the Algarve (etc.) (b.1646.d.1697) m. Mariana of Spain (b.1649.d.1691)
a) Infante João of Portugal, Prince of Brazil (b.1670.d.1684)
b) Antônio II, King of Portugal and the Algarve (b.1671.d.1700) m. Princess Augusta of the Palatinate (b.1671.d.1701)
1) Antônio III, King of Portugal and the Algarve (b.1688.d.1703)
--- Dying at a young age lacking legitimate or powerful illegitimate children[10], with his death the Throne
--- passed to his great-uncle, at the time the elderly Duke of Trancoso
c) Infanta Maria Margarida of Portugal (b.1677.d.1690)
d) Infante Luís of Portugal, 3rd Duke of Coimbra (b.1680.d.1693)
2) Infanta Catarina Amélia of Portugal (b.1647.d.1670) m. Guglielmo XII, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (b.1638.d.1680)
Of their eight children, only the third, their second son, survived to adulthood
3) Antônio IV, King of Portugal and the Algarve (etc.) (b.1649.d.1711) m. Maria Ludwiga of Hesse-Darmstadt (b.1655.d.1749)
The couple was quite undeniably fecund
4) Infante José of Portugal, 7th Duke of Beja (b.1650.d.1689) m. Cornelia Castriota Sanseverino[11] (b.1663.d.1721)
Direct ancestors of the modern Albanian Royal Family, they also are the agnatic ancestors of the Portuguese Royal Family
5) Infanta Maria Clara of Portugal (b.1653.d.1661)
d) Prince Richard of Wales, jure uxoris King in the United Provinces as Renard I (b.1628.d.1687)
m. Maria II Agnes, Queen in the United Provinces, Lady of the Netherlands (etc.) (b.1630.1700) in 1656
1) Maria Elisabeth of the United Provinces (b.1657.d.1680) m. Charles VI, Duke of Lorraine (b.1648.d.1700)
Having four daughters together, Charles would remarry after Maria’s death, and finally have his so-desired male heir
2) Maximillian IV, King in the United Provinces (etc.) (b.1660.d.1703) m. Marie de La Tour d’Auvergne[12] (b.1666.d.1725)
Had Surviving Issue
3) Marie Adelaide of the United Provinces (b.1667.d.1698)
2) Mary of England and Ireland, the Lady Royal (b.1602.d.1677)
3) Jane of England and Ireland (b.1605.d.1658) m. Constantine O’Neill of Clandeboye, 1st Earl of Carrickfergus (d.1646)
a) Thomas FitzJane O’Neill, 2nd Earl of Carrickfergus (b.1630.d.1689) m. Lady Ginevra MacDonnell (b.1642.d.1714)
Ancestors to all following earls (and later Vicedukes) of Carrickfergus
b) Lord Felix O’Neill, Herr von Ortelsburg (b.1631.d.1672) m. Lady Hedwig von Ansbach[13] (b.1630.d.1699)
A mercenary who later became a member of the Prussian Nobility, there he is ancestor to the Lord of Ortelsburg and Lyck
c) Lady Margaret O’Neill (b.1634.d.1677) m. HG Conn III O’Neill, Ruler of Clandeboye (b.1629?d.1669)
Ancestors to all following Rulers[14] of Clandeboye through their variable titles
d) Lord Murtagh O’Neill, 12th Lord of Edenduffcarrick (b.1637.d.1678) m. Lady Florence O’Neill (c.1641.d.1680)
Inheriting the title through his wife, their son was the first Baron O’Neill of Edenduffcarrick
e) Lady Mary O’Neill (b.1638.d.1705) m. William Russel, 6th Earl of Bedford (b.1639.d.1682)
Having Surviving Issue, William’s death in the aftermath of the Woburn Plot (1680), which saw him lose his titles,
estates, and finally, his head, caused much of Mary’s widowhood to be spent with her locked in a long journey to
recover her children’s paternal inheritance
4) Prince Thomas of England and Ireland, better known as Erik XV, King of Sweden by the right of his wife, King Kristina
5) Sarah of England and Ireland, Queen of Denmark (b.1610.d.1693) married Frederik III of Denmark and Norway
Had as a mistress from around 1629 to 1633, Lady Anne Pierrepont (b.1611.d.1628)

8*) HE, Lady Adelaide FitzWales (b.1631.d.1669) m. HG Reginald de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxenford (b.1627.d.1703)
a) HG Mary Elizabeth de Vere, suo jure 21st Countess of Oxenford (b.1679)
A MISTRESS OF HER COUSIN, HENRY XI & I, SHE APPEARS ON THE NEXT TREE
10*) HE, Lady Louise FitzWales (b.1632.d.1692) m. HG Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (b.1630.d.1691)
a) Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Albemarle and Eminent Imperial Consort[15] Yi-t’ang[16] (b.1654.d.1738)
m. HG Reginald Romney Swyre, 2nd Duke of Albemarle (b.1653.d.1678) on November 9th, 1669
1) HG Henry Charles Romney Swyre, 3rd Duke of Albemarle (b.1670.d.1687)
2) HG Lavinia Jane Romney Swyre, 4th Duke of Albemarle (b.1672.d.1705)
Marrying a man of the Cornish gentry (whose family were proprietors of the old Glasney Priory since
the 1560s), they were the parents of the 1st Viceroy of Tidewater (also 5th Duke of Albemarle)[17]
m. Wu Shaoxian, K’anghsi[18] Emperor of the Middle Kingdom[19] (b.1679.d.1751) on December 3rd, 1705
Having 4 daughters, of whom only the youngest didn’t marry or have children, and 1 son, who was a Feudatory Prince
b) Lady Calpurnia Cavendish (b.1655.d.1731)
Marrying a Polish-Lithuanian Magnate, Had Surviving Issue, there she is mostly remembered as “The Mad Princess”
c) Lord Rudolph Cavendish, by courtesy Earl of Ogle (b.1659.d.1680) m. Lady Catherine Tufton (b.1664.d.1729)
Preceding his father, Rudolph’s only son would become the 3rd Duke of Newcastle
d) Lady Diana Cavendish (b.1661.d.1695)
Married the 2nd Earl of Breadalbane, Had Surviving Issue (1 daughter)
e) Lady Louisa Cavendish (b.1663.1704)
Eloped with a Baronet (and ironically her sister-in-law’s first cousin), Had Surviving Issue
f) Lady Virginia Cavendish (b.1674.d.1740)
Converting to Roman Catholicism at the age of 22, she married the Prince of Monterotondo[20] after meeting
while in Florence and traveling together to Rome (she had originally been in a pilgrimage there to enter a convent),
Having Surviving Issue, Virginia is mostly remembered for the books and novels based on her life[21]
Had as a mistress and confidant for most of his life, Lady Arbella Stuart, suo jure 2nd Countess & 1st Duke of Lennox (b.1575.d.1626)

6*) HE, Charles Michael Stuart, 2nd Duke & 3rd Earl of Lennox (b.1624.d.1673) m. Lady Jane Hamilton (b.1639.d.1688)
Had Surviving Issue
7*) HE, John Stewart, 1st Count Palatine of Croatoan (b.1630.d.1702) m. Marion Dare of Roanoke[22] (d.1664)
Having Surviving Issue, they are the direct forefathers of the Princes of the Banks
11*) HE, Lady Bellatrix Stewart (b.1634.d.1690) m. Antônio III do Crato, 3rd Duke of Tânger (b.1628.d.1661)
Had Surviving Issue
Had as a mistress from 1636 until his death, Calpurnia Churchill, of Dorsetshire (b.1620.d.1679)

12*) HE&SH, Jasper I Tudor, 1st Duke of Dorchester, Prince-Bishop of Fulda (b.1638.d.1704)
Marrying thrice (and having 11 surviving children), his Earldom of Dorchester was only elevated after he became Prince
Had as a decades-long friend and month-long mistress, Maud the Washerwoman, from the Fleet (d.1642)

9*) HE, Alfred FitzPrince, Bishop and Count Palatine of Durham (b.1631.d.1694) Lady Frances Seymour (b.1633.d.1685)
The forefathers of a legitimate dynasty of religious officials, who to this day serve as Durhamshire’s Palatine Count-Bishops
c) Robert IV, King of the Scots (b.1583.d.1645) m. Margaret II, Queen of the Scots (b.1594.d.1652)

1) Duncan III, King of the Scots (b.1612.d.1651) m. Princess Elizabeth of Denmark (b.1611.d.1636)
a) MARGARET III, BY HER OWN RIGHT QUEEN OF THE SCOTS (b.1627.d.1705) MARRIED THOMAS II OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND
b) Mary of Scotland (b.1630.d.1663) married Willem III of the Netherlands
c) Prince Richard of Scotland, Duke of Rothesay (b.1636.d.1639)
d) Augusta of Scotland (b.1639.d.1691) married Christian V of Denmark and Norway
Having had at least five illegitimate children, those being who he officially recognized, the most well-known of them was:
e*) Lord Charles Stewart, Earl of Orkney (b.1634.1687)
m. Jane Stewart, suo jure 4th Countess of Orkney[23] (b.1636.1694)
Grandparents of the 1st Duke of Orkney (2nd creation), more famously are the ancestors of the Viceroys of Worchester[24]
2) Elizabeth of Scotland (b.1615.d.1668) m. Christian Friedrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lünenburg (b.1621.d.1665)
Having three sons, they were the first Elector of Hanover[25], Duke of Brunswick-Goslar, and Duke of Brunswick-Hildesheim[26]
3) Margaret of Scotland (b.1616.d.1689) m. HG, James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (b.1609.d.1682)
Had Surviving Issue
d) Prince James of England and Ireland, 1st Duke of Richmond (b.1585.d.1617) m. Charlotte de La Trémoille (b.1599.d.1664)

1) Prince Edmund Stewart, 2nd Duke of Richmond (b.1616.d.1635)
m. HE[27], Anne (II) Brydges, Lord of Man[28] (b.1612.d.1657)
a) HE, Elizabeth (I) Brydges Stewart, 3rd Duke[29] of Richmond and Lord of Man[30] (b.1638.d.1700)
Married to one of her cousins of the FitzTudors of Westmoreland, she is the ancestress of the modern Lords of Man[31]
2) Prince James Tudor Stewart, 2nd Earl of Holderness[32] (b.1618.d.1673) m. Lady Elizabeth Ramsay (b.1611.d.1644)
From their three sons have descended the various Tudor Ramsay-Stewart[33] Earls of Holderness
e) Catherine of England and Ireland, Princess of Orange (b.1590.d.1678) married Frederik I of the Netherlands
f) Prince Henry of England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1st Duke of York[34] (b.1594.d.1662) m. Lady Florence Fitzmaurice (b.1602.d.1661)

1) Prince Edward of York, Earl of Cork (b.1619.d.1635) m. Flaith.[35] Grace MacGrace O’Flaherty (b.1620.d.1651?)
2) Princess Florence Stewart, 2nd Duchess of York (b.1621.d.1675)
3) Princess Sarah Stewart, 3rd Duchess of York (b.1624.d.1697) m. Reichard II, Count of Simmern-Sponheim[36] (b.1590.d.1680)
a) Richard III of Simmern-Sponheim, 4th Duke of York and Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim (b.1645.d.1728)
Dying unmarried, with him ended the fourth creation of the Dukedom of York (reverted back to the Crown),
while Simmern-Sponheim was inherited by Georg II, his closest agnatic relative and illegitimate grandson[37]

[1] “The Palace of Winter Flowers”, Winterblume was the “retreat house” of Maximilian V and Sophia Charlotte, a large Gotschbarock* palace built nestled in the Rhaetian Alps under his orders marked by its unique layout for the era, being tall and thin hugging the side of two mountains in a way similar to cave or hillside castles instead of being relatively stout and “fat” like most palaces built at the time
* A strand of the Baroque architecture that had spread throughout Europe, Gotschbarock (Coming from the abbreviation of “gotischer barock”, or “gothic baroque” in English, common alternative names include “Gotbarock”, “Gothobaroque” and “Gotibarocco”) architecture is marked by being, as the name might imply, a deep mixing of the Baroque and Gothic styles of architecture, caused by the incorporation of some traits of the latter by Austrian architects which evolved into a new architectural style that has been called “an attack on the eye” due to overlapping the traditional elements of both into a single thing
[2] Another name used to refer to the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland after the marriage of Thomas and Margaret II
[3] Referred as such due to his birthplace, Edward of Windsor is mostly remembered for his infamously active sexual life and his escapades, managing to have eleven recognized bastards by the time of his death at the age of 17, which is the other thing he is known for, as he died a few weeks after having a stroke in the middle of a bacchanal (only surviving that long due to receiving prompt first aid, due to his physician being one of the people in said bacchanal)
[4] Having moved to France following her husband’s death, Maud converted to Catholicism in 1719, and entered a convent in Brittany following the death of her close friend (and partner), the Countess of Murat, in 1736, living there as a nun until her death in 1748
[5] Born Lord Reginald August Charles Henry FitzPrince-Clare-Malet (hyphenations occurring due to his parent’s marriage contract), he was made Duke of Monmouth in the Peerage of England in 1726 as an award for his service in the Iberian War
[6] The official record says scarlet fever, at least
[7] A legacy of Henry IX, the style of “His/Her Excellency”, until then not really used in the British Isles, was first made as the official style of address of English Royal Bastards by him, who developed a strange desire to give his illegitimate children a rank in-between royalty and nobility and pushed through with the sheer pig-headedness needed to see it become reality, doing it in such a way that it became a precedent and stuck as the norm for all English (and later British) recognized Royal Bastards to have come since
[8] Although also “Earl of Newport” in the Peerage of Ireland, Arthur I is always referred to as either “Lord of the March at Cape Fear” or by the semi-anachronistic title of “Margrave of Cape Fear”
[9] In her time referred to as “Princess of the Waccamaw”, Yolanda was by birth the daughter of the chief of the eponymous people living near the original Cape Fear (who had the distinction of having been somehow influenced by the Spanish at some point in the 16th or the early 17th century), and her and Arthur became a couple in a sort of political marriage to ally her group with his new-born colony
[10] At the time of his death Antônio III was only 15, and although he had an illegitimate daughter, Isabel, Duchess of Abrantes, whom he gave a considerable personal fortune on his deathbed, she was only a few months old at the time of his death and no-one seriously considered the idea of her inheriting the throne, with the duchess instead being raised at court by her maternal grandfather, Dinis II from 1711 onwards, and living her life as an influential member of the Portuguese Nobility
[11] The daughter of Bernardino III Castriota Sanseverino, Prince of Bisignano, Duke of San Pietro in Galatina, Count of Tricarico, etc., by birth Cornelia was a High-Ranking Neapolitan noblewoman, and a direct descendant of the Albanian King Skanderbeg I
[12] Although Marie was by birth from one of the premier noble families of France (and her mother one of Louis XIV’s half-sisters), her marriage to Maximilian was a great scandal for the time, being a marriage of love started when the two met and begun an affair during his Grand Tour, and only came to be due to him strong-arming his mother by forcing her to choose between seeing him married to a woman of relatively-lower rank or one of his Lorraine nieces inheriting the United Provinces, which was seen by Maria II as being the worse of the two due to her dislike for Charles VI of Lorraine
[13] A member of the Prussian nobility, her father, Heinz Anselm, had been the previous Lord of Ortelsburg (her husband inheriting it through her) and was the supposed illegitimate son of Georg Friedrich I of Brandenburg-Ansbach (there is much discussion over whether Heinrich’s father was him or his nephew-in-law, the young Duke of Prussia)
[14] “Ruler” is only a ‘sort-of-equivalent’ to the Gaelic title of Rí, which means King and is used as such in modern times but was basically until the establishment of the Empire of the Isles left in a grey area of translation between that and Prince/Duke
[15] The tale of how Elizabeth Cavendish, once Duchess dowager of Albemarle, became the Consort of a Chinese Emperor, is one that could (and has) fill an entire history book, and has served as fodder to many romance stories, but a synopsis of it is that, following her husband’s death in 1678 while serving as Lord-President of the British East Indies, she remained in the East with their children, and, after many years a widow and having lost her son at a young age, decided to visit China, where she ended-up moving-in to a manor at the Dignitary Town of Beijing. And from there she ended-up meeting and entering a romance with the K’anghsi Emperor, a scandalous affair that ended with her marrying the younger monarch when he was 26 and her 51
[16] Yitang in OTL Pinyin, it is a rather eccentric title, as Chinese characters used to write it “懿” and “唐”, together mean something on the lines of “Righteous/Virtuous Offensiveness” or at a stretch “Righteously Offended”; the general idea is that the title was specifically made to be some kind of internal joke between the two (in special since their reactions during Elizabeth’s entitlement ceremony were recorded as basically “guffawing in laughter when the title was read, and snickering throughout the remainder of the event”
[17] The Viceroyalty and Dukedom would become separated with the children of the 6th Duke, whose grandson through his firstborn son would inherit the latter as the 7th duke while his third son, who migrated to the Americas and married a native noblewoman, would become the 3rd Viceroy
[18] Kangxi in OTL Pinyin, as ITTL the traditional romanization system for Chinese sort-of-resembles a mix of it and Wade-Giles
[19] We use that due to his dynasty’s use of Middle Kingdom or “China” to refer to itself in diplomacy/foreign relations
[20] Giacomo Leonore de’ Medici (b.1671.d.1737), he was the head of one of the legitimized branches of the House of Medici, descending from Francesco I de’ Medici’s son by Bianca Cappello, and a relatively minor member of the Florentine court at the time
[21] As Virginia and her husband had a rather eventful life even after the novel-worthy start of their relationship
[22] The only daughter and heir of Sir Alfred Dare, 3rd Lord of Croatoan
[23] She was the ITTL granddaughter of Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney, himself a grandson of James V through an illegitimate line (his father being one of the king’s bastard sons), who unlike OTL married to Countess Emilia of Nassau in 1595 following the plans of James VI, and died under mysterious circumstances in 1603
[24] Who descend from their younger daughter, Anne, who inherited her father’s Proprietary Lordship, and her husband, Prince Christian of Denmark (who was the youngest of the four sons of Christian V of Denmark and Princess Augusta of Scotland)
[25] Although colloquially called as such, formally the title is “Elector of Lower Saxony” (German: Kurfürstentum Niedersachsen), having been changed to that from “Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg” during the 18th century
[26] Maximilian William of Brunswick-Lüneburg at birth, he became Prince of Hildesheim when the Prince-Bishopric was secularized
[27] Following the addition of “Excellency” to the forms of address of England by Henry IX, the English Crown formally gave the Lords of Man the right to it as well in 1603, in “honour to that most unique status of Man within Our Realm”
[28] Unlike OTL, the succession dispute to the Isle of Mann following the death of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby, was ended with the lordship and island being awarded to his eldest daughter, Anne, Baroness Chandos of Sudeley, who was followed by their son, George, who then was slightly “pushed” to sell it to his sister, the Anne to marry the 2nd Duke of Richmond
[29] Although it isn’t undeniably certain, it is the colloquial belief that the 3rd Duke of Richmond was the first peeress whose peerage was created post-Act to use its title’s male version, creating the custom of separating those created before or after the Peerage Succession Act by the use of a male or a suo jure female title (although it isn’t an official thing, with the pre-Act titles of Duke of Pembroke and Duke of Buckingham both not using “suo jure Duchess” and instead retroactively recognizing its first holders as Dukes)
[30] Unlike OTL, while the Isle itself is normally written with a two “N”s, the Lordship is written in its older “1-N” form
[31] Who are also Princes of Mann in the Peerage of the Isles and Kings of Man in Manx and official documents in English (as the older title of saw a revival in use following the establishment of the Empire of the Isles)
[32] The various changes to letters patent in the English peerage during the turn of the 17th century, although barring James from inheriting the Dukedom of Richmond (which was invested to heirs general), did also result on him inheriting a peerage through marriage, as the letters of his father-in-law’s title established it to be a form of semi-salic in nature, being passable to sons-in-law or cognatic grandsons if there were no sons or eligible male relatives to inherit while still barring female heirs from holding the peerage
[33] While the 2nd Earl of Holderness adopted the surname of “Tudor Stewart”, his marriage and inheritance to the Earldom of Holderness came with the caveat of having to pass his father-in-law’s surname on, although unlike some other cases hyphenation was considered acceptable enough
[34] The title being recreated following Elizabeth I’s ascension to the throne
[35] An abbreviation of the Gaelic Banflaith (meaning “White Prince”), a title created to serve as the courtesy of the children of the native Irish High Nobility by the 1st Duke of Pembroke by her changing the meaning of the “Ban-” component from “Lady” to “White” when using it (and customarily shortening the title to “Flaith”, which on itself is used as the Gaelic word equivalent to a courtesy Lord)
[36] The ITTL grandson of Reichard I, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim, whose OTL daughters were sons who lived to adulthood
[37] Who was descended from Reichard I’s younger son through his father and was the son of Richard III’s illegitimate daughter

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Married on 26th November 1570, Charles IX, Most Christian King of France (b.1550.d.1574)
a) Marie Élisabeth of France, Queen of France (etc.) (b.1572.d.1673) m. Henry V, King of France and Navarre (b.1577.d.1648)[1]

1) Henri d’Bourbon, Dauphin of France (b.1591.d.1620) m. Louise Marguerite of Lorraine (b.1588.d.1631)
a) Jeanne IV Louise, suo jure Queen of Navarre, Hereditary Princess of Andorra and Princess of Pallars (b.1615.d.1692)[2]
m. Louis Henri d’Bourbon, Dauphin of France (b.1632.d.1652) on February 14th, 1650
1) Jean Louis d’Bourbon, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy and Normandy (b.1651.d.1653)
m. Louis Philippe d’Bourbon, Duke of Berry (b.1636.d.1695) on June 21st, 1654
2) Philippe IV, King of Navarre (etc.) (b.1644.d.1697) m. Josepha of Milan and Naples (b.1656.d.1721)
Of their 16 children, only 1 wasn’t stillborn or died in infancy, instead dying as a teenager[3], with Josepha
living her widowhood more as the Lady of Ostabarret than as Queen Dowager of Navarre
3) Blanche de Navarre (b.1656.d.1752) m. Infante Juan Carlos of Spain, 1st Duke of Pamplona (b.1659.d.1697)
Having five surviving sons, their eldest is the ancestor of the sole line of Grand Dukes in Navarre, while
his brothers became ancestors to the country’s four premier dukedoms
4) Henri V, Cardinal King of Navarre (etc.) (b.1661.d.1707)
5) Antoine II, King of Navarre (etc.) (b.1665.d.1715) m. Infanta Mariana of Spain (b.1661.d.1718)
Locked in a loveless (if fond) marriage, their children included the kings Philippe V and Henri VI of Navarre,
the Hereditary Princess[4] Catalina II of Andorra, and the Prince Bernard IV Antoine of Pallars; and through
them the two are ancestors of all the royal families of the Pyrenese States
b) Renée of France (b.1617.d.1650) m. Maximilian I, Archduke of Further Austria (b.1615.d.1672)
1) Anna of Further Austria (b.1637.d.1702) m. Louis XIV, King of France (etc.) (b.1635.d.1711)
Producing offspring, they are the ancestors of all French Monarchs that have come since
2) Other four surviving children, to be seen in the Hapsburg’s Family Tree
c) Marie Louise of France (b.1619.d.1664) m. Ferdinando II de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1611.d.1668)
1) Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1636.d.1681) m. Vittoria della Rovere of Urbino (b.1632.d.1712)
Barren (the one to ‘blame’ for that is uncertain), the couple adopted[5] in 1670 three African children
a) Antonio Carlo “il Nubio” Debano (b.1663?d.1733) m. Olimpia Aldobrandini, 5th Princess of Meldola
the heiress to one of the largest fortunes of the Papal Nobility, their descendants are in modern times one
of the richest dynasties in Europe, spread through the Peninsula and making fortunes out of banking and trade
b) Giosetta Debano, Lady of Calafuria (b.1664?d.1727) m. Antonio I Boncompagni, 8th Duke of Sora (b.1658.d.1731)
A rather interesting couple in their time[6], the two only became rulers of Sora in 1707, which involved
Antonio fighting a civil war against most of his family for it, and are together the ancestors of the
so-called Moorish House of Boncompagni[7]
c) Immacolata Debano, Abbess of San Marino al Cimino (b.1666?d.1761)
A lifelong bachelorette, in 1715 she was made the nominal abbess of San Marino al Cimino (which had been
a male abbey until the 1560s, when it was abandoned and fell into ruin) by Pope Evaristus II, and
re-established the abbey on its modern incarnation[8]
2) Francesco II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1641.d.1690) m. Maria Carlota of Inner Austria (b.1644.d.1685)
Married as children shortly before the downfall of Maria Carlota's family, they are the ancestors to all
but five of the rulers of Tuscany that have come since, as well as of all (de jure or de facto) rulers of Tuscan
Guiana. Of their surviving children, one was:
a) Alessandro de’ Medici, Pope Evaristus II of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church (b.1669.d.1731)
Pope from 1709 to 1731, gaining the position at the age of 40 due to his charm and popularity
in part due to his famous personal piety), he was canonized in 1804 for finally setting in stone
the resolution of the Chinese Rites Controversy, in favour of the pro-Rites faction[9]
3) Catarina de’ Medici (b.1640.d.1677?) m. Pietro II d’Este, Duke of Ferrara (b.1645.d.1680)
Married mostly so her family could see itself rid of a spinster, Catarina died between 1675 and 1679
after a decade being imprisoned by her husband, Pietro (most commonly known as Petruccio). The parents
of Duke Cesare II “il Parricida” of Ferrara, through him they are the ancestors of all subsequent rulers of
Ferrara (as well as of all rulers of the Romagna)
4) Giuliano de’ Medici, Lord of Giglio (b.1641.d.1718?) m. Isabella Gonzaga of Guastalla (b.1639.d.1718?)
Married so their families could be freed of two spinster in a single strike, although starting that way the two
were a rather close couple, entering the enterprise of trade and establishing a merchant company. Often
going by themselves on trading voyages, the two disappeared at sea while leading a convoy to the Far East,
leaving behind a son who inherited their business and fiefdom[10] and is ancestor of the Gigliesi Sovereign Family
5) Bianca de’ Medici (b.1644.d.1703) m. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, Castro & Piacenza (b.1630.d.1694)
a) Alessandro II Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (b.1666.d.1717)
Inheriting the Farnese's main territory, he is the ancestor of all rulers of Parma that have come since
b) Ranuccio III Farnese, Duke of Castro (b.1668.d.1721)
Inheriting the Duchy of Castro[11], he was married to his cousin, the 12th Duchess of Latera, and
with her is ancestor to the Castrioti Branch of the House of Farnese
c) Odoardo Farnese, Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati (b.1670.d.1765)
A member of the clergy since the age of 10 and a Cardinal by the age of 25, he was as long-lived as he
was fertile[12], and served as Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1759 to 1765
d) Elisabetta of Parma and Piacenza (b.1672.d.1720) m. Ferdinand VI, King of the Spains (and more) (b.1659.d.1740)
The second of Ferdinand’s marriages, and the longest of them, they had surviving issue
e) Ottavio I Farnese, Prince-Abbot of Seborga and Lerino, Podesta of Noli (b.1677.d.1733)
Entering the clergy at 13, at 15 he was sent to the Abbey of Lerino, becoming its abbot (and Prince of
Seborga) in 1698, and from there founded the Ottaviani Branch of the House of Farnese[13]
6) Vittoria de’ Medici (b.1648.d.1704) a spinster
7) Six other surviving children (2 sons and 4 daughters) who entered religious orders. Of them the boys (Luigi and Ferdinando) entered the Jesuits (being deeply involved in the Chinese Rites debacle) while 3 of the girls (Maria Magdalena, Michaela and Christina) entered the Franciscans, with the last one (Maria Ludovica) becoming a Carmelite
d) Charles of France, Duke of Normandy (b.1620.d.1625)
2) Marie Élisabeth of France (b.1594.d.1629) m. Felipe III, Duke of Milan, Imperial Vicar of Italy (b.1589.d.1625)
They Had Surviving Issue, to be seen on the Hapsburgs’ Family Tree
3) Marguerite of France, a Benedictine Nun (b.1559.d.1664)
4) Henrietta of France, Duchess of Orléans[14] (b.1607.d.1629) m. Louis Alphonse d’Bourbon, Duke of Orléans (b.1608.d.1657)
Half-uncle and niece, the two were childless together, with the marriage ending with Henrietta’s death of consumption,
and Louis would later remarry, inheriting his brother’s throne in his last years as Louis XIII of France

[1] The only surviving son and child of Henry IV and Margaret of France, who ITTL (due to a wide array of butterflies) were rather close as a couple (even if their relationship was often marred by their fertility problems, resulting on Henry IV’s remarrying following Margot’s death), taking after both his father and maternal grandparents in military skills and political acumen, he is the closest equivalent ITTL to Louis XIII, but lacking Louis’ ascension to the throne as a child as well as much his marital problems
[2] Most famously known by the cognomens of “The Eventful” and “The Rock”, Jeanne IV is one of those historical characters whose life can be best summarised by the word “complicated”, with the events of her life being at times caused by so delicate of circumstances as to seem unreal. A resume here could not make justice to her life, but some of the most memorable facts about it are: that she was forced into a convent by her paternal aunt, and following said aunt’s death spent years fighting be freed from her vows and regain her inheritance; that although barred from the throne of France, she still inherited the thrones of Navarre and Andorra in her own right, and quite literally fought against both her family and Spain to be recognized as such in the middle of the Sixty-Six Years War; and that although marrying the firstborn son of Louis XIII, already over 15 years her junior, she still did not become Queen of France, with him dying shortly into their marriage and her fighting a literal war to marry one of his younger brothers
[3] Born of his parents’ 7th pregnancy in the 24th of July 1681 (and being the third to be actually born alive), Louis, Prince of Viana, was from infancy of a considerably frail health, starting with his contraction of meningitis as a three-weeks-old, which although seemingly not damaging to his mental capacities, left him with periodical fits of convulsions and hydrocephalus (which had to be drained intermittently). While his health was of downs and rises in quality over the years, and during all of it attendants were constantly watching over him due to it, Louis’ death was still sudden, as in the span of only 6 days he went from being relatively well at his 15th birthday to dead by the midday of the 30th of July, 1686, rom what is believed to have been a mixture of pharyngitis, pneumonia, and smallpox, which also had caused a worsening of his hydrocephalus. Unmarried at the time of his death (although he had already started the long tradition of Bourbon monarchs of having bastards, possessing an illegitimate daughter with an herbalist of whom not much is known (as the daughter, although affluent, was extremely private)), with his death the inheritance passed to his uncle, at the time a Cardinal and Archbishop of Pamplona, which is sadly much of what Louis is colloquially remembered for in modern times, with his greatest legacy after that being the creation of the “Horse Guard of Viana” during his time growing-up in Olite, a “miniature army” made of local children who was maintained following his death, evolving into something akin to but not exactly like the OTL Boy Scouts
[4] Although in most countries, when present, the title “Hereditary Prince” (or “Secular Prince”) serves to refer to the heir of a principality, in Andorra it quite literally refers to the country’s co-prince who ascended to the position through direct inheritance, being used together with “Episcopal Prince” to differentiate between the religious and secular co-princes when necessary
[5] Said adoption (which mostly comprised of the couple receiving three slave children as a gift and then freeing them) is seen as being responsible for making the practice of acquiring, freeing, and raising enslaved children (normally of Black African origins/ancestry) become popular among the Italian Aristocracy (in special the Tuscan and Papal) during the following centuries – in special in relation to lifelong bachelors, spinsters, and childless couples –, whose effects direct and indirect can still be seen in modern times, with around 8-10% of the peninsula’s population being “mulattos” or “moors”, the biracial descendants of black Africans and white Italians
[6] The couple and their relationship were the source of much talk and gossip in 17th century Italy, both due to who they were – the African adoptive daughter of a Grand Duke of Tuscany, known for her strong and imposing personality as much as for her personal fortunes (born from her parents leaving considerable estates and wealth to their adoptive children), and the youngest son (and 10th child) of the then Duke of Sora, whose personality was described as “only made bearable by his beauty” and who came to court her solely to find an escape to a predetermined career in the priesthood – and to their relationship, which was seen as scandalous in multiple levels even when it started, and continued to be so as it went forward.
Living off the revenues from Giosetta’s estates and fortune for much of their marriage, the two were well-known in Florentine society for the fact that she, and not Antonio, was the one who commanded their household, something which continued even after they officially took over Sora, with her de facto ruling the duchy and being nearly solely responsible for its revitalization (as the war for Sora’s succession saw most of the duchy’s population die or leave, Giosetta ended-up having to actively repopulate it through a mix of immigrants from up the peninsula, mainly her native Tuscany and the Papal States, and slaves whom she quite literally “brought in bulk”, offering them freedom in exchanged for settling in the fiefdom)
[7] Although originally called as such in a derogatory manner during the War of Sora’s Succession, the House of Boncompagni de’ Ebano of Sora also came to use its “nickname” as the “Moorish House of Boncompagni” as a ‘badge of honor’ during said war out of spite, something which they kept even after it ended until “Moorish” became a custom and identity (with many Dukes of Sora actively trying to lay into such image in both their looks and demeanor), something which also caused it to become one of the accepted colloquial names for the Peninsula’s biracial population
[8] After serving as the unofficial go-to for when her relatives and acquaintances needed a nanny, tutor, governess, or even as someone for them to foster their children with (resulting on her Florentine residence being a major player in the life of the following generations of Florentine Nobility), Immacolata, after receiving San Marino al Cimino by Evaristus II (on itself a gift to her for practically raising his children), put much of that experience into play while establishing the restored abbey’s function, with it – although housing a nunnery – serving most importantly as a boarding school for young and unmarried women, originally and traditionally daughters of the Italian Nobility (although colloquially known as a school for nobility, San Marino al Cimino has from its beginning accepted commoner pupils, either enrolled, with the abbey being historically seen as providing a way to climb up the social ladders, or adopted, as the abbey’s Orphanage was even infamous in its early years for the fact that its children, often times taken from the streets, were schooled just like its enrolled pupils), and at its beginnings being known for being one of the first women’s schools to train its pupils in areas outside of the “female” or marriage-related arts
[9] Considerably less strict than many of his predecessors, being seen as a reformer by many, Evaristus II’s reign as Pope, although possessing other events in the same vein (such as the “Bull on the Two-Faithed”, in relation to the Armenian Laramans), is most remembered for issuing the bull Sicut Deus magnus (“As God is great” in Latin) in 1715, which permitted the Chinese rites and Confucian Rituals and forbade any further discussions on the matter. Although believed to not have greatly changed the rate of conversions to Roman Catholicism in China (although it did enlarge them a bit due to re-entries, the breaking-off from the Church by convert populations over their rites having been a bit of a problem for the Papacy in China), as they had already started to slow down by then, the bull is believed to have made the religion more acceptable or palatable to the region, preventing the (at the time real) threat of bans and persecutions against Christian missions and Chinese Christians
[10] Growing wealthy of their enterprises, the couple chose to buy the island of Giglio, at the time a place mostly known for its periodical attacks by Turkish and North African piracy, to establish a species of personal base for their ships and resources after one-too-many disputes with Tuscan port authorities; from there they were forced to develop the island both in its infrastructure and defences, nearly stumbling into popularity, and shuffled the administration of Giglio to their son, who was the one responsible for entrenching their descendants into it
[11] After the ITTL Wars of Castro didn’t see the duchy’s eponymous capital destroyed and the Farnese defeated by the Papacy, Ranuccio II had nearly half a century to experience the beast that was administering it and Parma (seeing the task as a nuisance of such scale in his later years as to nearly outright sell Castro to the Pope) and, concluding that keeping both Castro and Parma together was effectively an impossible endeavour, decided to split them between his two eldest sons upon his death (although Ranuccio III was sent to de facto rule Castro shortly after his father’s decision)
[12] Throughout his near-century alive, Cardinal Odoardo Farnese is known to have had at least 59 surviving illegitimate children, the first when he was 16 and the last when he was 87, which we know to have existed in great part due to his frank disinterest for keeping them a secret (with one of his residences in Rome being described as “resembling more an orphanage than a palace” due to the number of children running around it); of Odoardo’s known children, only 12 entered the clergy, with the others being given estates, ranks and/or pensions to live from (with most of his sons who didn’t enter the Church being made a part of the Papal Nobility) and/or were set by him with advantageous matches to wealthy spouses
[13] In what is believed to be quite a bit of spite for being sent to an abbey in Northern Italy, Ottavio, after becoming Prince-Abbot, de facto turned the small Seborga into a “mercenary company with a country”, leading it into the Ligurian War for the Savoyards (where he gained the nicknamed “the Condottiere Abbot” and taking over the Republic of Noli in its aftermath, establishing his own little fiefdom out of the region of Imperia. While a true ruler in the secular level, he was still a clergyman, and as such it was only in 1733 where, after years trying to persuade or bribe him, Ottavio managed to convince Pope Evaristus II to grant him a dispensation to marry one of his mistress (which also involved legitimizing through it their children and, more importantly for Ottavio, granted a special dispensation to the Abbacy of Lerino for vows of celibacy and chastity)
[14] Most famous for forcing her niece into a convent to take out the competition

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2) Prince Henry of England and Ireland, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester (b.1557.d.1561)
3) Jane of England and Ireland, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg (b.1558.d.1603) m. Johann Friedrich II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b.1559.d.1599)

a) Prince Heinrich of Saxony (b.1575.d.1580)
b) Princess Ernestine of Saxony (b.1576.d.1642) m. John Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b.1571.d.1629)
Having only daughters as their surviving issue, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was inherited a first cousin
c) Princess Agnes of Saxony (b.1578.d.1631) m. John William II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b.1562.d.1600)
Had Surviving Issue, with the Dukes of Saxe-Weimar lasting until the 1780s in the male line
d) John Casimir I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b.1579.d.1614) m. Princess Elizabeth of Denmark (b.1627.d.1680)
Had Surviving Issue, the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg remain his direct male descendants
e) Princess Sibylle of Saxony, Princess Abbess of Quedlinburg (b.1580.d.1637)
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4) Henry IX, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1560.d.1580)
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m. Princess Anna of Nassau (b.1562.d.1578) on May 9th, 1574

c) Henry X, King of England, Ireland, and France (b.1578.d.1588)
Had as a mistress around 1574, Lady Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Lennox (b.1555.d.1592)

a*) HE, Edward FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Devon (b.1575.d.1626) m. Lady Frances Devereux[1] (b.1599.d.1674)
1) Lady Margaret FitzRoy (b.1619.d.1640) m. Julius II, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg (b.1615.d.1659)
Having Surviving Issue, they continued the Dannenberg Branch of the House of Welf, who has managed
to survive to modernity by the skin of its teeth[2]
2) Lord James FitzRoy, 2nd Earl of Devon (b.1622.d.1635)
3) Lord Edward FitzRoy, 3rd Earl of Devon (b.1623.d.1640) m. Jonkvrow Justinia van Nassau (b.1625.d.1674)
Ancestors of the current Dukes of Devon, Princes of Chimay, and Lords of Grimhuizen, they are also the agnatic
ancestor of the modern British Imperial Family
Has as a mistress from 1575 until death, Lady Margaret Fitzpatrick, Baroness Dunboyne (b.1561.d.1621)

b*) HE, Frances Fitzpatrick (b.1576.d.1654) m. Thomas Fitzmaurice, 18th Baron & 1st Earl of Kerry (b.1574.d.1630)
1) Patrick Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl & 19th Baron of Kerry (b.1600.d.1661) m. Lady Margaret Butler (b.1596.d.1630)
2) Lord Gerald Fitzmaurice (b.1601.d.1657) m. Lady Helen Butler (b.1598.d.1631)
They were the parents of the 3rd Earl and 20th Barron of Kerry, who succeeded his childless uncle
3) Lady Gyles Fitzmaurice, Countess of Ossory (b.1606.d.1659) married Edmund Fitzpatrick-Butler, 2nd Earl of Ossory
d*) HE, Jane Fitzpatrick, 1st Countess of Ossory (b.1578.d.1630) m. Lord Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret (b.1578.d.1651)
1) Edmund Fitzpatrick-Butler, 2nd Earl of Ossory, 4th Viscount Mountgarret (b.1595.1679)
Married to his maternal first cousin, Lady Gyles Fitzmaurice, the two are the ancestors of the modern Duke of Ossory
2) Lady Margaret Butler, Countess of Kerry (b.1596.d.1620) married Patrick Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl & 19th Baron of Kerry
3) Lady Helen Butler (b.1598.d.1631) married Lord Gerald Fitzmaurice (1601-1675)
4) Lord Richard Butler, 1st Baron Butler of Calais (b.1599.d.1638) m. Francisca Maria de Borgia e Aragón[3] (b.1604.d.1659)
Establishing The merchant branch of the Butler Dynasty, they made roots in Calais, where the family would remain
centred until the Conquest in the 19th century[4]
5) Lady Saoirse Butler (b.1606.d.1643) founder of the Reformed Gilbertine Order, the Britannic Almsgivers[5]

[1] The younger daughter of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, Frances was, interestingly enough, tangentially-related to her husband through her paternal grandmother, Lettice Knollys, who was the mistress of his grandfather
[2] It is something of a popular saying that the House of Dannenberg must have some sort of curse to make them always live “interesting times”, as over the course of the family’s history they have at every generation (not even its founder being barred from it) suffered from some existential threat, either problems reproducing, bankruptcy, or some sort of catastrophe, war, or cataclysm (the most “famous” example of that being on the generation of Julius V, when they had to deal with all of those at once)
[3] An interesting figure, being by birth a member of the Borgias in both sides (being the younger daughter and third child of Anna Borgia, 5th Princess of Squillace, and Francisco de Borja, Count of Rebolledo, who were both descendants of Pope Alexander VI through his sons, while Francisco was also a descendant of Ferdinand II “The Catholic” of Aragon) who to escape an unwanted marriage chose to not only run away from her family (taking as much of their hard wealth as she could) but convert to Protestantism and marry an illegitimate relative of Europe’s most powerful protestant dynasty; and then proceeded to take over her husband’s business after his death and make fruit of what he had planted
[4] Although by then spread across the empire, the Mercantile Butlers still held Calais as their “ancestral grounds” until its Conquest; following it, the family made a move to re-center itself in Gibraltar, where they have remained since, with Calais, although seeing the return of the Butlers following the Great War, being only a home to memories
[5] Considered something of a forerunner for modern anthropologists and historians, as well as famous for her piety and compassionate character, Saoirse in a way translated her interests through her work in establishing the modern Gilbertine Order – created by her both as a revival of the “Catholic Gilbertine Order” (which had been made defunct by Henry VIII) and of England’s history of charitable monasteries and religious hospitals – with the help of her relatives and social circle, which in modern times is one of the largest Christian Religious Orders in the world, as well as one of the largest charitable organizations.
Although well-known of its works, the Reformed Gilbertine Order is also known for its “quirks”, most importantly its lack of vows of celibacy and/or chastity for nuns and monks (which isn’t common even among Protestant religious/monastic orders) and its practice of “permeable monasticism” (an aspect of Celtic monasticism introduced by Lady Saoirse)

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7) Margaret of England and Ireland, Queen consort of Sweden (b.1564.d.1612)
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m. Sigismund I Vasa, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1566.d.1698) on 31st May, 1582
a) Margaretha of Sweden (b.1583.d.1591)
b) Katarina of Sweden, Duchess of Mecklenburg (b.1584.d.1642) m. Adolf Friedrich I, Duke of Mecklenburg (b.1588.d.1658)

1) Christian Ludwig I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b.1609.d.1691)
Ancestor to all Dukes at Schwerin[1] and Grand Dukes[2] that have come since, as well as the Dukes of Cambrésis
2) Karl II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Rostock (b.1610.d.1677)
Ancestor to all Dukes at Rostock that have come since, and through affairs most of their territory’s high nobility
3) Johan Albrecht III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b.1614.d.1665)
Ancestor to all Dukes at Strelitz that have come since, as well as of the dynastic Dukes at Mirow[3]
4) Albrecht VIII, Duke of Mecklenburg-Ratzeburg (b.1621.d.1700)
Ancestors to all Dukes at and Prince-Bishops of Ratzeburg that have come since, the most pious of the family
5) Adolf Friedrich II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Waren (b.1624.d.1683)
Ancestor to all Dukes at Waren that have come since, he was most importantly also responsible for the
Confederation” of petty duchies that is Mecklenburg-Waren through his infamous inheritance laws[4]
6) various daughters that are not strictly relevant and sons who died young
c) Karl III Sigismund, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1586.d.1631) m. Maria of Brandenburg (b.1599.d.1648)

1) Ingeborg I Vasa, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1615.d.1644)
2) Kristina, suo jure King of Sweden, Grand duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1617.d.1689)
m. Prince Thomas of England, jure uxoris King of Sweden as Erik XIV (b.1607.d.1671) on July 26th, 1632
a) Karl IV Augustus, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Finland (etc.) (b.1633.d.1679) m. Vasilisa of Russia (b.1633.d.1702)
Had Surviving Issue
b) Ulrika Maria of Sweden (b.1633.d.1677) m. Friedrich V Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg (b.1620.d.1688)
Had Surviving Issue
c) Gustav I, Viceroy of New Sweden[5], Duke of Öland[6] (b.1635.d.1679)
m. Maria of Brandenburg-Küstrin (b.1627.d.1670)
Had five surviving daughters, who started their lineage’s historical high percentage of suo jure Vicereines
d) Elizabeth of Sweden, Queen of Denmark & Norway (b.1589.d.1660) m. Christian IV, King of Denmark & Norway (b.1581.d.1650)

1) Christine Augusta of Denmark (b.1606.d.1627) m. Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b.1597.d.1659)
2) Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway (b.1607.d.1656) m. Princess Sarah of England and Ireland (b.1610.d.1693)
a) Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg (b.1627.d.1680) married John Casimir I of Saxe-Coburg
b) Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway (b.1630.d.1678) m. Princess Augusta of Scotland (b.1639.d.1691)
Had Surviving Issue
c) Friederike of Denmark (b.1631.d.1651) m. Sambor IV, Duke of Pomerania and Prince of Rügen (b.1630.d.1666)
Had Surviving Issue
d) Erika of Denmark (b.1633.d.1702)
e) Prince Karl Ulrich of Denmark (b.1635.d.1704)
m. Sigrid Vasa, self-proclaimed Princess of Österbotten[7] (b.1634?d.1679) on January 4th, 1660
Had three surviving children, a daughter, who married a Sonderburger Duke, and 2 sons, who adventured
in the Americas and during that started the houses that in modern times rule over Ismark and Gristol
m. Karin Jacobsdatter Madsen, a Gutnish gentlewoman (c.1655.d.1701) on August 28th, 1680
Marrying morganaticaly after years being paramours, their children were granted the title of “Count of Visborg”
and settled mostly in their mother’s native Gottland, being ancestors of the modern Gutlandic Royal Family
3) Elisabeth Sophia of Denmark, Queen of Scots (b.1611.d.1636) married Duncan III of Scotland
e) Hedwig of Sweden (b.1590.d.1627) m. Wilhelm I, Duke of Prussia, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b.1584.d.1633?)

Had Surviving Issue, who divided Prussia from Brandenburg-Ansbach
f) Wladyslaw IV Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (b.1594.d.1652)
m. Anna I Brandenburska, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (b.1592.d.1661) on September 5th, 1611

Having a very fruitful marriage (with 23 recorded pregnancies), they had 3 surviving daughters, of whom two married, and 9 sons, out of whom 3 entered the clergy or religious orders and 2 died childless

[1] There is a certain “regional dichotomy” between the use of “Mecklenburg-X” and “Duke at X”, with the former being used more outside of the region to refer to its various dukes while the latter is the colloquial use within Mecklenburg (or its variation, “Duke at X in Y”, when referring to the Waren branches), in a similar vein to Andorra’s Hereditary and Episcopal Princes
[2] Given to the Dukes at Schwerin in the 19th century as a “symbol of their seniority”, ironically the title wasn’t made by elevating the Duchy of Mecklenburg, but instead by giving the Grand Ducal rank to the Schwerin’s domain in Felsen, Necklenburg (contraction of “Neu Mecklenburg”)
[3] Created as a secundogeniture to a son of the 4th Duke at Strelitz, unlike most “Mecklenburger Duchies” it isn’t a separate state but instead a semi-autonomous part of the Strelitz domain
[4] In an era where dynasties were often actively moving against dividing their territory through inheritance, Adolf Friedrich II of Waren decided to go the complete opposite, and made it so that his branch (already the one with the smallest territory) would instead divide its lands between sons. Lasting well into the 20th century, this custom resulted on the “Waren Duchy” of Mecklenburg to be a patchwork of 60-odd petty duchies, kept together by the vaguest of terms in a “confederacy” led by its three largest branches at Waren, Rossow, and Gaarz
[5] The Swedish House of Vasa is often remembered for its custom of giving often de facto independent (and rather larger) duchies to its younger sons (which had by the mid-17th century resulted on both the deposal of Erik XIV by his brother Johan III and on Ingeborg I’s conflicts against the Dukes of Södermanland), and although seen in an increasingly bad light the tradition still existed with Kristina’s children. Because of that, Gustav I, who was known for his affection for his brother as much as his interests in the New World, directly asked his mother to give him the then colony of New Sweden as the main part of his “inheritance”, hoping to through that shredding any chances of his descendants making a bid for the Swedish throne, going as far as using the giving of Finland as a tertiogeniture to Swedish princes as a “precedent” for that.
Said granting is also often seen as directly resulting on New Sweden’s survival, as Gustav I’s dedication and interested for the colony, as well as his theoretical “stakes”, caused a rise in investment and interest on it by the Swedish Crown and Nobility, and through that caused the colony to develop in size, population and infrastructure from a patchwork of forts and settlements barely clinging to life to an entrenched and self-sufficient de facto independent state
[6] While the “majority” of Gustav I’s “inheritance” was in New Sweden, he did also receive the Duchy of Öland in Sweden proper, which was still a rather small appanage when compared to some of the other princely duchies of the House of Vasa
[7] A granddaughter of Gustav Eriksson Vasa (“Gustav II”), the son of Erik XIV of Sweden and Karin Månsdotter, Sigrid Vasa, better known as “The Princess of Österbotten”, is, much like most of Bothnia’s Royal Family before independence, a strange and contentious figure both during her lifetime and in modern times, being a part of folklore as much as of recorded history and with a life marked to us by unknowns and uncertainties

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8) Magdalene of England and Ireland, Princess of Orange[1](b.1568.d.1585)
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m. Maurits I, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1567.d.1625) on February 22nd, 1576
a) Frederik I, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1585.d.1647)
m. Princess Catherine of England (b.1590.d.1678)

1) Willem II, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1611.d.1650)
m. Princess Eleanor of Orange (b.1609.d.1652)
a) Willem III, Stadtholder of the Netherlands (etc.) (b.1631.d.1650) m. Princess Mary of Scotland (b.1630.d.1663)
b) Maurits II, Stadtholder of the Netherlands (etc.) (b.1638.d.1692) m. Princess Elizabeth of England and Ireland (b.1646.d.1712)
Having a few surviving children, of whom some were sons, the eldest of them was:
1) Frederik II, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange (etc.) (b.1664.d.1710)
m. Elizabeth of the Palatinate (b.1665.d.1689)(a) m. Archduchess Maria Beatrice of Austria (b.1676.d.1739)(b)
Having Surviving Issue in both marriages, with was with those children that the Netherlands and Orange
first became separated by their clashing inheritance laws[2]
c) Frederik (I) of the Netherlands and Nassau, 1st Duke of Rotterdam[3] (b.1640.d.1694)
Dying childless and unmarried, Frederik managed to pass, through some legal trickery, his titles and estates to
a younger cousin, Count Ludwig of Palatinate-Neuburg, who was at the time an admiral on the Dutch Navy[4]
2) Louise Henriette of the Netherlands (b.1615.d.1699) m. Enno IV, Count of Ostfrisland (b.1605.d.1648)
a) Enno V Heinrich, Count of Ostfrisland (b.1637.d.1684)
Had Surviving Issue
3) Agnes of the Netherlands (b.1619.d.1703) m. Otto v, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg & Prince of Schaumburg (b.1616.d.1640)
a) Adolph XV, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg & Prince of Schaumburg (b.1659.d.1700)
Had Surviving Issue
b) Karl Ernst of Holstein-Schauenburg, Prince-Burgher of Hamburg[5] (b.1660.d.1737)
Had Surviving Issue
c) Friedrich of Holstein-Rantzau, Imperial Count of Dithmarschen[6] (b.1662.d.1718)
Married to Countess Maria Evgenia of Rantzau (and Dithmarschen), he, after the death of her father and siblings
in a “strangely sudden peasant uprising, claimed their domain for himself through that, winning the subsequent
Dithmarschen Succession War against her cousins[7]
d) Agnes of Holstein-Schauenburg (b.1662.d.1686) married Hans VIII of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev
4) Albertine of the Netherlands (b.1622.d.1667) m. Wilhelm VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b.1625.d.1661)
a) William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b.1642.d.1665)
Had Surviving Issue
b) Ludwig VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Philippsthal (b.1643.d.1694)
Had Surviving Issue, with his branch of the House of Hesse lasting until the 1870s in the male line
c) Landgravine Maria Albertina of Hesse (b.1649.d.1685)
d) Karl II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Marburg (b.1651.d.1730)
Had Surviving Issue
e) Landgravine Maria Augusta of Hesse (b.1654.d.1702)
Married a Duke of Württemberg, and Had Surviving Issue
5) Hendrik (I) of the Netherlands and Nassau, Count of Breda (b.1631.d.1650) m. Maria Charlotte of Aldenburg (b.1634.d.1677)
a) Hendrik (II) of the Netherlands, Count of Breda (b.1650.d.1710)
Had Surviving Issue
b) Bernard I, Prince-Provost of Berchtesgaden (b.1650.d.1718)
Made Prince-Provost in the Peace of Westphalia, Had Surviving Issue
6) Maria of Nassau (b.1632.d.1718) m. Wolfgang II, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Julich and Berg (b.1619.d.1690)
a) Wolfgang III, Count Palatine of Neuburg and Duke of Julich and Berg (b.1651.d.1692)
Had Surviving Issue
b) Ludwig Willem (I), 2nd Duke of Rotterdam (b.1655.d.1701)
Had Surviving Issue, and is the agnatic ancestor of all Counts Palatine of Neuburg (and Dukes of Julich and Berg)
that have existed since 1798, when Wolfgang III’s descendants became extinct in the legitimate male line
c) Maria Carolina of the Palatinate (b.1657.d.1725) m. Gerbhard III, Elector of Cologne
Marrying a cousin, who before becoming the first hereditary Elector of Cologne was the Duke and Count Palatine
of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg, they are the ancestors of all Electors of Cologne that have come since
d) other children, irrelevant to this line

[1] Until the 20th century there was no official title for the spouse of the Stadtholder of the Netherlands (with the closest basis for historians to use being the Stadtholder’s title of “Prince of Orange”), this only changing when the colloquial use of “Consort” to refer to them was made official
[2] The Netherlands have de facto kept a system of male-preference primogeniture for the office of Stadtholder, while Orange has kept the use of salic law for the succession of its Prince
[3] The first dukedom of the Netherlands
[4] It was believed for centuries that the two were lovers, although for a time the only “evidence” of that were contemporary talks about the two (like accusations of Frederik having used his influence to help start and support his lover’s career in the Dutch Navy), with direct confirmation of their relationship only appearing in 1837 when preserved correspondences between the two and from those in their personal circle were undisclosed by Ludwig’s descendants
[5] The “cliché ambitious merchant” of his siblings, Karl Ernst managed, after entering the mercantile business and settling in Hamburg, to de facto rule over the Free City through decades of political machinations, backstabbing and plotting, not only inventing a completely new position to cement his power but establishing a dynasty that has stood as the Free City’s semi-ceremonial rulers to this day
[6] Unlike OTL, the Last Feud between Denmark and Ditsmarchen saw the peasants' republic be divided a bit differently, with the southern half being given as an Imperial County to Johann Rantzau, Danish statesman responsible for the republic's conquest, as a boon by the Danish monarch (who decided it wouldn't actually affect his power over Ditsmarchen, as although a member-state of the HRE the county more closely resembled an autonomous fiefdom of Royal Holstein)
[7] The “cliché ambitious nobleman” of his siblings, Friedrich is seen by many as a nigh-perfect example of a Machiavellian prince who would do anything for the sake of power, with even his descendants (as early as his children) pretty openly agreeing that he only got away with his actions by sheer luck

The infobox title just says "Thomas" when it should be Thomas II

Silvius Silesius · Nov 18, 2022

1. Why did Arthur II die so young and did all three of his children die in infantry?

2. Did all of Alexander IV outlive all four of his children? If yes, what caused this? Was it all due to natural causes\disease or were all of them taken out their another event similar to what happened to James VIII?

3. If Margaret II was ITTL Mary Queen of Scots, then (assuming that she was a daughter of James V and all of the monarchs before her were the same as OTL) who was Margaret I of Scotland?

Peppe · Dec 3, 2022

TheBeanieBaron said:
What's the oldest intact Dutch royal dukedom?

The oldest intact dukedom came on the generation following Rotterdam, in fact, when the Dukedom of Purmerland was created to the seventh son of Maurits II, Philip, for his marriage. The origin of the name comes from whom he was marrying, the “new-money noblewoman” Josephine Le Marie, as she was by inheritance the proprietor of the Free/High Lordship of Purmerland and Ilpendam.

From there, the line of dukes has continued on the strict male line to the present, due both to the fact they never inherited Orange (and as such the dukedom never went back to the Stadtholders) and to their branch’s remarkable fertility over the generations – maybe in part due to not really getting the noble memorandum on keeping to their rank when marrying (which has saddled the Purmerland Oranges with the status of “weird country cousins” of the Orange-Nassau Dynasty

TheBeanieBaron said:
Has Denmark's tradition of naming their monarchs either Christian or Frederik been broken since the end of the Oldenburg Empire?

Nope, not even female monarchs have stopped the Oldenburgs from keeping with their lack of originality.

ITTL, the only thing that has changed is that the Danish monarchs have adopted the use of “composite” regnal names (in the vein of OTL’s Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden), which has granted us monarchs with names like Frederick IX Alexandrine

TheBeanieBaron said:
Does the House of Aviz have any branches in Germany?

Yes! Surprisingly enough they managed to gain a foothold in Germany during the late 19th century when the first Electress of Cologne inherited her position, as she was married to a minor Portuguese princeling. Although they have nowadays lost the direct line of the Electorate, the Cologne House of Avis still has members of it running around, including three branches who managed to marry into ruling German member-states: the Principality of Minden, the Barony-Principality of Schauen, and the Saxon Principality Querfurt

TheBeanieBaron said:
When did the last living Columbian High Lord that reigned during the Great War die?

The last one to die was Michael IV of Piedmont, who reigned during the latter years of the war and died in 1963

TheBeanieBaron said:
Have the Count Palatines of Providence remained members of the House of Lovecraft since the Palatine’s founding in 1659?

They have. The Lovecrafts of Providence may be many things, but infertile is, at times sadly, not one of them

TheBeanieBaron said:
Did Algeria and Berberia used the regal naming rules that Mauretania has today?

The practice was inherited from Berberia, Algeria didn’t have any rules for their rulers’ names

TheBeanieBaron said:
Which country hosted the 2011 Winter Olympics, Mexico or the Holy Roman-German Empire?

:O
Thank you so much for noticing that error.

Mexico hosted the 2011 Winter Olympics, while the Empire co-hosted the 2015 Winter Olympics

TheBeanieBaron said:
Did Marie Élisabeth of France co-ruled with anyone else after the death of her husband Henry V?

Well, she didn’t co-rule as much as just rule during the reign of Louis XIII (who although a pretty charming and friendly guy, and popular in France, wasn’t really that capable or interested in the “ruling” part of being King), but was the de facto senior ruler of France during the first decade of Louis XIV’s reign (whom she had an active hand in raising).

It was only in her last few years that Marie Élisabeth stepped down from power, but she continued being the éminence grise of France until her death

TheBeanieBaron said:
Is the Electorate of Cologne still in a personal Union with Zweibrücken-Kleeburg?

No, it isn’t.

While Cologne adopted male-preference primogeniture in the 19th century, Zweibrücken-Kleeburg did not. And as such they separated when the two inheritance systems clashed a few years later.

Since then, Cologne’s ruling family has changed dynasties twice, first to the Avis and then to the Gurkanis, while Zweibrücken-Kleeburg has remained under its branch of the House of Wittelsbach.

TheBeanieBaron said:
Do any of Alyaska's subnational monarchies follow matrilineal succession?

Yes. Of the country’s 26 Krovykroli, 11 practice some form of matrilineal or matriarchal succession. Some of them are:
- The Pikansika (OTL Piegan Blackfeet), who practice female-preference primogeniture
- The Kigyygun (OTL Qiqiigun Aleut), who also practice female-preference primogeniture
- The Tsimshian, who have a traditional “nephew-inheritance”, with the monarch being succeeded by his sister’s son
- The Kalapuya, who are unique in practicing an inversion of the above, with the monarch being succeeded by her eldest brother’s eldest daughter
- and the Razvleuty (a ITTL group of really displaced Puebloans), who practice matrilineal primogeniture

Silvius Silesius said:
Why did Arthur II die so young and did all three of his children die in infantry?

The Bombing of the Abbey (*cue dramatic music*)

Silvius Silesius said:
Did all of Alexander IV outlive all four of his children? If yes, what caused this? Was it all due to natural causes\disease or were all of them taken out their another event similar to what happened to James VIII?

Yes, he did outlive all of his children. On the causes of their deaths, they were:
- Alexander’s only daughter, Victoria, was stillborn.
- His younger sons, George and Henry, died at the ages of 9 and 10 from smallpox and a riding accident respectively.
- and his eldest, Alexander, died of scarlet fever as a 16-year-old; although by then he was already suffering from galloping consumption

Of Alexander’s children, Edward was also the only one (for rather obvious reasons) to leave offspring, as although it was never officially confirmed, it is open knowledge that the daughter of one of Elizabeth III’s sisters was begotten by him (the two had been betrothed since childhood, and were rather famously enamored with eachother, as well as not really caring about waiting until marriage)

Silvius Silesius said:
If Margaret II was ITTL Mary Queen of Scots, then (assuming that she was a daughter of James V and all of the monarchs before her were the same as OTL) who was Margaret I of Scotland?

Margaret I was someone that existed in real life, although ITOL we know her better as Margaret, Maid of Norway.

Since she was the recognized official monarch of Scotland, even if her reign lasted only a few years and ended when she died at the age of 7, she gained a numeral when Margaret II happened

Peppe · Dec 3, 2022

Henry IX (27 May 1560 – 3 December 1580), was King of England and Ireland[1] from 16 July 1569 until his death in 1580. In a grim parallel to his father’s own coronation, he was crowned at the age of 9 on 21 August 1569, being one of the youngest Brittanic monarchs at the time of ascension. Henry was the only surviving son of Edward VI and Queen Jane Grey, and their fourth child overall.
Born to his parents 6 years into their marriage, Henry’s birth was a difficult one, lasting nearly three days and nearly killing his mother in the process – resulting later in her conscription of Lady Lettice Knollys to serve as the King’s mistress –. Even at birth Henry IX was identified as having a sickly and frail complexion, being described as “thin, bony and pale” as an infant, and would continue to be so for all his life. Although of a worrisome appearance, he also proved himself to be surprisingly resilient, surviving throughout his life numerous bouts of maladies and sicknesses often one after the other[2].
Only a child at the time of his ascension, during much of his reign the realm was officially governed by his mother as Queen Regent, and following his maturity it was ruled by her in an unofficial manner due to the king’s often decaying health over the years. Later on, the Queen Mother’s rule was made in partnership with his older sister, the future Elizabeth I, then Duchess of York and Queen Dowager of France.
During the reign of Henry XI, England and Ireland mostly saw a continuation of the norm and development of the movements set in motion by Edward VI. Ireland saw the “Treaty of Two Queens” being formalized on the Christmastide of 1569, marking the formal entrance of Connaught into the fold; the First Irish Rebirth also started during his reign, as the Reformation went into full gears on the Emerald Isle. In England, his reign oversaw the final metamorphosis of the Anglican Church and a growth in royal patronage of Welsh culture and history, but was also marred by the Rising of the North and the first of the Popish Plots[3].
It was also during his reign that the realm returned to being involved in Europe – having kept away from matters in the continent since the early days of Edward VI’s reign –, starting with the short-lived Franco-English Alliance of 1570, which lasted only for as long as Charles IX lived. Under Henry IX, England is most remembered for its involvement in the Low Countries, with the Queen Regent being the first ruler of an European power to openly declare their support for William the Silent’s Dutch Revolt[4] in 1572.
Although more noticeable in the reigns that followed, it was also under Henry that the English expanded to the New World, with the establishment of their first settlement in the Americas[5]
Although his reign was an important step in the development of the Isles, Henry IX is most often remembered for his personal life; in great part due to his admittedly small involvement in the actual governing of his realms.
Married in 1574 to Anna of Nassau, one of the daughters of William the Silent, the marriage lasted four years, during which they were relatively well but cold towards eachother – due to most of all their lack of shared interests and disagreeing personalities –, ending when Anna died from postnatal fever following the birth of their only son, the future Henry X.
Outside of his marriage, Henry IX was a rather gregarious lover, and of his paramours the most famous was most certainly the Baroness Dunboyne, whom he had grown seeing – as she was the daughter of his father’s close friend, Barnaby Fitzpatrick – and had become infatuated as they reached their teenaged years. She would be his official Royal Mistress from 1575 until his death, and it was for his daughters with her that he established the Brittanic custom of styling Royal Bastards.
As he was unsuited for many of the sports and physical activities favored by his father and grandfather and oft expected of male aristocrats, Henry instead found pleasure in a large manner of indoors activities and scholastic endeavors, and was known to enjoy archery, which was the only common sport that he could reliably practice. One of his main interests was in the arts, for which he is most remembered by – being given the cognomen of “The Artist” by historians even shortly after his time –, and he was of considerable talent for paintings and portraiture, as well as, of all things, wood-carving[6].
Henry IX was also extremely fond of his grandfather’s infamous Nonsuch Palace, and spent considerable time and effort reforming and reworking its project in a single-minded obsession with “making it work”, as by then the estate was known for the sheer impracticality of its existence. Although he would die before the works were completed, finishing during the reign of his sister, they would be successful, and would result on the birth of the modern Cuddington and its eponymous wateworks[7].
Although during his last years Henry IX would be remarked as becoming interested in the more obscure and mystic aspects of the sciences, with his studies and experiments gaining to him the epitaph of the “Alchemist” among contemporaries; and although as the years went by his health and body only worsened, in special after he contracted consumption, with was neither sickness or accident who killed him.
Henry IX died in December the 3rd, 1580, at the age of 20, when, in the early hours of the day, he was jumped in his sleep by a group of plotters, who stabbed the king on his bed. Surviving the attack, Henry clung to life for a few more hours, dying from shock some minutes after noon as the only loyal fatality of the Second Plot.

[1] the matter of the titles of the monarch of Ireland was a contentious one during Edward VI's adult reign (as well as at least parts of those of his children), as although officially “King of Ireland”, the nature of the title as a very recent one resulted on various vassals (both nominal or not) referring to the monarch as “Lord of Ireland” during their dealings and diplomacy with his deputies, although by the end of the 16th century the title “King/Queen of Ireland” had become the sole one being used
[2] being ironically more similar to the popular image of his father
[3] also called the “1571 Plot” or the “Ridolfi Plot”, was a conspiracy led by the Florentine banker, Roberto Ridolfi, to murder then Queen Regent Jane Grey and either raise the younger Henry IX as a Catholic or replace him with Princess Marie Elisabeth of France. The plot, which was made by Ridolfi in response to the failure of the Northern Rising, of which he had been a planner and funder, was foiled in its middle stages, in part due to a letter sent to the Queen Regent by the Grand Duke of Tuscany of all people
[4] Jane Grey had been vocal in her calls for English intervention against Bloody Mary’s rule of the Low Countries during the reign of her husband and in support of the Revolt when it started, but was only capable of acting on them following the Rising of the North, when the Lady of the Netherlands’ support of the rebellion gave the Queen Regent enough political support to make an official move in the matter
[5] founded by Sir Martin Frobisher in 1578, the Colony of Virginia (founded on the OTL Meta Incognita Peninsula) was one with a tale of irony, tragedy, and suffering, surviving for nearly 15 years against setback after setback after disaster; ironically, after it was abandoned in 1593, the colony would flourish as a native settlement after being resettled by the native Inuit, and later as the largest port and settlement of Baffin Island
[6] Henry IX’s interest and talent in woodcarving are sometimes considered to have revitalized the interest for woodworks by the English upper class of the time, having been falling out of style, with the later end of the 16th century seeing a boom in wooden decorations and sculptures that evolved in the wooden manors of the 17th century and the birth of the English artistic tradition of wooden sculptures
[7] somewhat of a marvel, the “Cuddington Waterworks” are the underground aqueduct and the man-made lakes built by Henry IX’s project to provide Nonsuch Palace of a reliable and suitable water supply, which the palace was infamous for lacking due to its unwise choice of location, with the aqueduct drawing from the Thames’ headwaters.

Peppe · Dec 3, 2022

Henry X (11 March 1578 – 19 June 1588) was King of England and Ireland[1] from 3 December 1580 until his death in 1588. Crowned in 20 February of 1581, he was the youngest English monarch at the time of coronation, being at the time less than 3 years of age[2]. Henry was the only son and child of Henry IX by his wife, Anna of Nassau, who died a few weeks after her son’s birth from a fever.
Only a toddler at the time of his ascension, following his father’s death in the Second Popish Plot, during his reign the realm was governed by his aunt, then Duchess of York, and grandmother, Queen Dowager Jane Grey, as co-regents. During that time things continued on a similar path to his father’s time, seeing the continuing of England’s endeavors in the Low Country and an expansion of diplomatic involvements through the marriages of his aunts to the royalties of Northern Europe. It was also during those years that Ireland saw the first two thirds of Desmond’s War, and that England saw the Third Popish Plot and the War of the Armada.
Raised mostly in the royal residences on Wales, it was also there that Henry X died, as when staying at Warrenpoint House[3] with his aunt the two fell with the Sweat which although she survived, he did not. Henry was at the time 10, and was the last legitimate male scion of the House of Tudor, being succeeded by his aunt, Elizabeth I.

[1] the matter of the titles of the monarch of Ireland was a contentious one during Edward VI's adult reign (as well as at least parts of those of his children), as although officially “King of Ireland”, the nature of the title as a very recent one resulted on various vassals (both nominal or not) referring to the monarch as “Lord of Ireland” during their dealings and diplomacy with his deputies, although by the end of the 16th century the title “King/Queen of Ireland” had become the sole one being used

[2] Henry’s coronation was much more of a “simple ceremony” when compared to most English monarchs, and it was agreed upon that he would be crowned on a more official manner when he reached majority

[3] Built by Henry IX as a planned personal residence in Wales, the Warrenpoint House is a relatively modest Tudor style manor located where the Bardsey Lighthouse is IOTL, with its grounds extending to the shore where they end on a small private pier

Silvius Silesius · Dec 4, 2022

If Elizabeth Tudor (daughter of Henry VIII) never became Queen, then who was the virgin that the colony of Virginia was named after?

The Cold-Hearted Swot

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